{
  "version": "question_word_matching_dev_challenging",
  "data": [
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-193_m",
          "context": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904, and its contents were sold two years later to satisfy a debt.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1904",
            "7 january 1900",
            "two years later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d_m",
              "question": "When was his lab destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1904",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was his lab destroyed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2049_m",
          "context": "In this equation, a dimensional constant  is used to describe the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, though its value was unknown in Newton's lifetime. Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of  using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press as a measurement of the mass of the Earth since knowing  could allow one to solve for the Earth's mass given the above equation. Newton, however, realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal. Succinctly stated, Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass  due to the gravitational pull of mass  is",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry cavendish",
            "newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378862c3c5551400e51f24_m",
              "question": "Who found out that his law of gravitation must be universal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newton",
                  "answer_start": 134
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who figured out that his law of gravity had to be universal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1882_m",
          "context": "The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788 ; the first female ascent in 1819 . , it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004 , -LRB- which complained of its failure to consult and `` notorious intransigence '' -RRB- . . The group is adept at social media , posting Internet videos of beheadings of soldiers , civilians , journalists and aid workers , and is known for its destruction of cultural heritage sites . The earliest dynasty , known as the `` Badami Chalukyas '' , ruled from Vatapi -LRB- modern Badami -RRB- from the middle of the 6th century . The United Nations has held ISIL responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes , and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a `` historic scale '' . The group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations , the European Union and member states , the United States , India , Indonesia , Turkey , Saudi Arabia , Syria and other countries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beginning in march 2011",
            "2004",
            "1999",
            "march 2003",
            "early 2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7_m",
              "question": "When did the Islamic state swear allegiance to Al Qaeda?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-770_m",
          "context": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the \"social partners\" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP, the European Centre of Public Enterprises. A toned down version was adopted as the Social Charter at the 1989 Strasbourg European Council. The Social Charter declares 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration of employment, health and safety at work, rights of disabled and elderly, the rights of workers, on vocational training and improvements of living conditions. The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces of legislation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1997",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af_m",
              "question": "When was the Amsterdam Treaty made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the Treaty of Amsterdam created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1282_m",
          "context": "However , this definition is disputed by Thoreau 's political philosophy pitching the conscience vs. the collective . The individual is the final judge of right and wrong . More than this , since only individuals act , only individuals can act unjustly . When the government knocks on the door , it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood . Before Thoreau 's imprisonment , when a confused taxman had wondered aloud about how to handle his refusal to pay , Thoreau had advised , `` Resign . '' If a man chose to be an agent of injustice , then Thoreau insisted on confronting him with the fact that he was making a choice . But if government is `` the voice of the people , '' as it is often called , should n't that voice be heeded ? Bohr also introduced the quantity , now known as the reduced Planck constant , as the quantum of angular momentum . Thoreau admits that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than the will of elite politicians . Even a good form of government is `` liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it . '' Moreover , even if a government did express the voice of the people , this fact would not compel the obedience of individuals who disagree with what is being said . It was quickly dissolved by Governor Santiago de Baca Ortiz , who replaced it with a more pronounced Yorkino type . The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right . What , then , is the proper relationship between the individual and the government ?",
          "c_entity": [
            "thoreau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f_m",
              "question": "Who is famous for not obeying the taxman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thoreau",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was famous for disobedience against a tax collector?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1175_m",
          "context": "In 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts. His armies quickly took Heisui, Ganzhou, and Suzhou (not the Suzhou in Jiangsu province), and in the autumn he took Xiliang-fu[disambiguation needed]. One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated. In November, Genghis laid siege to the Tangut city Lingzhou and crossed the Yellow River, defeating the Tangut relief army. According to legend, it was here that Genghis Khan reportedly saw a line of five stars arranged in the sky and interpreted it as an omen of his victory.",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "genghis khan",
            "heisui"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c_m",
              "question": "Who won the battle of Helan Mountain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who won the battle near the Helan mountains?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-127_m",
          "context": "Many of these palaces can still be seen today , leading to Mexico City 's nickname of `` The city of palaces '' given by Alexander Von Humboldt . One of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror , Edgar Atheling , eventually fled to Scotland . King Malcolm III of Scotland married Edgar 's sister Margaret , and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland 's southern borders . William invaded Scotland in 1072 , riding as far as Abernethy where he met up with his fleet of ships . After observing the natural process of the inundation of silt and the find of marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains -LRB- hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean -RRB- , Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation , or geomorphology . Malcolm submitted , paid homage to William and surrendered his son Duncan as a hostage , beginning a series of arguments as to whether the Scottish Crown owed allegiance to the King of England .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1072"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2_m",
              "question": "When was Scotland attacked by William?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1072",
                  "answer_start": 453
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Scotland invaded by William?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-129_m",
          "context": "Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wales",
            "england",
            "hereford"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3d594396321400ee26ca_m",
              "question": "Where is Ralph Earl from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hereford",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Ralph earl of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-27_m",
          "context": ". In addition , featuring games and activities that will highlight the Bay Area 's technology , culinary creations , and cultural diversity . More than 1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week . San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area `` they are going to have to leave '' . . Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ed lee",
            "justin herman plaza",
            "nfl",
            "jane kim"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc_m",
              "question": "Who was mayor of San Francisco during the Super Bowl in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ed Lee",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the mayor of San Francisco during Super Bowl 50? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1654_m",
          "context": "In 2001, 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change. The joint statement was made by the Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of Canada, the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, the Indian National Science Academy, the Indonesian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Irish Academy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy), the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, the Academy Council of the Royal Society of New Zealand, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Royal Society (UK). The statement, also published as an editorial in the journal Science, stated \"we support the [TAR's] conclusion that it is at least 90% certain that temperatures will continue to rise, with average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 °C above 1990 levels by 2100\". The TAR has also been endorsed by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, and European Geosciences Union (refer to \"Endorsements of the IPCC\").",
          "c_entity": [
            "2100",
            "1990",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293e983f37b3190047818b_m",
              "question": "When was the Joint Declaration on climate change issued?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the joint statement on climate change issued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1947_m",
          "context": "In addition, the United Methodist Church prohibits the celebration of same-sex unions. Rev. Jimmy Creech was defrocked after a highly publicized church trial in 1999 on account of his participation in same-sex union ceremonies. It forbids any United Methodist board, agency, committee, commission, or council to give United Methodist funds to any gay organization or group, or otherwise use such funds to promote the acceptance of homosexuality. Other ministers have been defrocked for officiating at same-sex weddings and several trials of others are scheduled. Still, some congregations have sought other ways to recognize same-sex couples. For example, one congregation hosted a proposal for a same-sex couple announcing their engagement. Moreover, some churches, especially in 2016 after same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, have provided blessings for same-sex marriages. In April of 2016, a United Methodist bishop made a bold statement by performing a same-sex marriage in church as a clear sign of his advocacy for change.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "april of 2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b5cc396df919000962d3_m",
              "question": "When was the trial of Reverend Jimmy Kreiger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the trial of Rev. Jimmy Creech?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-940_m",
          "context": "Throughout the Middle Ages , Newcastle was England 's northern fortress . , the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589 . In 1850 , the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer , Robert Pate . A 25-foot -LRB- 7.6 m -RRB- high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century , to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry iv",
            "elizabeth",
            "william wallace",
            "henry ii",
            "newcastle",
            "scots",
            "edward",
            "william the lion",
            "the 13th century",
            "the 14th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5_m",
              "question": "Who gave Newcastle a new charter in 1589?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-844_m",
          "context": "Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water Tower, the Bank of Italy Building, the Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light & Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel (burned down), to name a few.",
          "c_entity": [
            "currently",
            "the 1880s",
            "1401"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9_m",
              "question": "When did Fresno prosper in the center of the city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Between the 1880s and World War II",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "During what period did downtown Fresno thrive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-702_m",
          "context": "Swiss motorcycle racer Thomas Lüthi won the 2005 MotoGP World Championship in the 125cc category . In early 1961 . Many engineers feared that a rendezvous -- let alone a docking -- neither of which had been attempted even in Earth orbit , would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit . . The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184 . Throughout 1960 and 1961 . , he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans ; while acknowledging that he spoke `` somewhat as a voice in the wilderness .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert seamans",
            "langley research center",
            "john houbolt",
            "nasa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46_m",
              "question": "Who did deputy director Hobert talk to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Seamans",
                  "answer_start": 487
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Associate Administrator that Houbolt spoke with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1410_m",
          "context": "In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education. It estimated that if the average United States worker had completed just one more year of school, it would add an additional $105 billion in growth to the country's economy over five years.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008-2009",
            "2014",
            "five years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba_m",
              "question": "When did economists end the S & P rating agency?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did economists reach a conclusion with the S&P's rating agency?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-168_m",
          "context": ", a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe and the United States because of its advantages in long-distance , high-voltage transmission . However , Yale graduate Edmund Fanning , Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation , interceded and the College was saved . . This innovative electric motor , patented in May 1888 , was a simple self-starting design that did not need a commutator , thus avoiding sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes . The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1887",
            "may 1888",
            "current",
            "1882"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla patent the engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 354
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla patent the motor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1655_m",
          "context": "During the campaign , Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention . . Among his criticisms . For example . From childhood , Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya ; his nation was occupied by Italy , and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops . John Houghton , who was a co-chair of TAR WGI . Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world 's governments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john houghton",
            "wgi",
            "spm",
            "ipcc",
            "richard lindzen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293f353f37b3190047819d_m",
              "question": "Who responded to Linson's criticism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Houghton",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who responded to Lindzen's criticisms?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-10_m",
          "context": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason , the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history , becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978 . In 1916 Captain T.C. Fowle , 40th Pathans -LRB- troops of British India -RRB- , wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria just before the war . Carolina started the season 14 -- 0 , not only setting franchise records for the best start and the longest single-season winning streak , but also posting the best start to a season by an NFC team in NFL history , breaking the 13 . The early Austrian attack surprised the French ; Napoleon himself was still in Paris when he heard about the invasion . With their NFC-best 15 -- 1 regular season record , the Panthers clinched home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs for the first time in franchise history . Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl -LRB- the most in franchise history -RRB- along with eight All-Pro selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
            "1978",
            "previously",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e_m",
              "question": "When did the 16th season of the American Football League begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 326
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the NFL start their 16 game seasons?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1564_m",
          "context": "This included slightly more than three million dollars worth of H. J. Heinz Company assets , which increased in value by over six hundred thousand dollars in 2013 when Berkshire Hathaway announced their intention to purchase the company . Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür , Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead . He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values . His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature -LRB- Chinese : 奎章閣學士院 -RRB- , first established in the spring of 1329 and designed to undertake `` a number of tasks relating to the transmission of Confucian high culture to the Mongolian imperial establishment '' . The academy was responsible for compiling and publishing a number of books , but its most important achievement was its compilation of a vast institutional compendium named Jingshi Dadian -LRB- Chinese : 經世大典 -RRB- . Tugh Temür supported Zhu Xi 's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the spring of 1329"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1_m",
              "question": "When did tug Temur find his college?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "spring of 1329",
                  "answer_start": 629
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tugh Temur found his academy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-704_m",
          "context": ", it was far from smooth sailing . Kennedy 's science advisor Jerome Wiesner , who had expressed his opposition to manned spaceflight to Kennedy before the President took office , and had opposed the decision to land men on the Moon , to chair his own `` Space Vehicle Panel '' , ostensibly to monitor , delaying its formal announcement to the press on July 11 , 1962 . Burke criticised policies such as maximum prices and state regulation of wages , and set out what the limits of government should be : Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou -LRB- now known as Allen 's Landing -RRB- and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shea",
            "golovin",
            "seamans",
            "kennedy",
            "webb",
            "jerome wiesner",
            "nasa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531_m",
              "question": "Who is Kennedy's scientific advisor for refusing to fly human space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jerome Wiesner",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Kennedy's science adviser that opposed manned spacecraft flights?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1149_m",
          "context": "Temüjin was probably born in 1162 in Delüün Boldog, near Burkhan Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen rivers in modern-day northern Mongolia, not far from the current capital Ulaanbaatar. The Secret History of the Mongols reports that Temüjin was born with a blood clot grasped in his fist, a traditional sign that he was destined to become a great leader. He was the second-oldest son of his father Yesügei, a Khamag Mongol's major chief of the Kiyad and an ally of Toghrul Khan of the Keraite tribe, and the oldest son of his mother Hoelun. According to the Secret History, Temüjin was named after a Tatar chieftain, Temüjin-üge, whom his father had just captured.",
          "c_entity": [
            "current",
            "1162"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a_m",
              "question": "When was tem2252jin born and who became Genghis Khan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1162",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was Temüjin, who became Genghis Khan, likely born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1079_m",
          "context": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002 . . In the 13th century , Hōjō Shigetoki -LRB- 1198 -- 1261 AD -RRB- wrote : `` When one is serving officially or in the master 's court , he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people , but should consider only the importance of the master . '' 2002 saw the debut of the network 's first hit reality series , The Bachelor -LRB- the elimination-style dating show 's success led to a spinoff , The Bachelorette . Widowed in 1861 , the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle , Balmoral Castle and Osborne House .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saturday",
            "two-year",
            "the following year",
            "mornings",
            "the early 2010s",
            "2002",
            "september",
            "daytime"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273a0d708984140094db0d_m",
              "question": "When was the new two-year subsidiary agreement approved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the new two-year affiliate agreement approved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1669_m",
          "context": "Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research , it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies , and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report 's final release . In principle , this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report can not be included . Broadening its scope further , Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field , buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947 , and taking the company over entirely in 1951 . In an area of science where our scientific understanding is rapidly changing , this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science . However , there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report to the next . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "ipcc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729517d6aef051400154cca_m",
              "question": "Who is regarded as the ultimate authority on climate change?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "IPCC",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is seen as the ultimate climate change authority?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-502_m",
          "context": "Virgin Media -LRB- re-branded in 2007 from NTL : Telewest -RRB- started to offer a high-definition television -LRB- HDTV -RRB- capable set top box , BBC HD , after the conclusion of the ITV HD trial . Virgin Media has claimed that other HD channels were `` locked up '' or otherwise withheld from their platform . Nonetheless , the linear channels were not offered , Virgin Media instead concentrating on its Video On Demand service to carry a modest selection of HD content . , suggesting that more linear HD channels are on the way . Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those once enjoyed under the Roman Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "30 july 2009",
            "the years",
            "30 november 2006",
            "the future",
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57097141200fba1400367ff9_m",
              "question": "When did virgin media change its name to NTL telewest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was virgin media rebranded from NTL Telewest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1861_m",
          "context": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto \"the Qur'an is our constitution,\" it sought Islamic revival through preaching and also by providing basic community services including schools, mosques, and workshops. Like Maududi, Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world.",
          "c_entity": [
            "muslim brotherhood",
            "hassan al banna",
            "maududi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003_m",
              "question": "Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hassan al Banna",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1912_m",
          "context": "In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire . France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s . , the French leader at the time , Charles de Gaulle . Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France . The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle , which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St. Other notable hills include Crown Hill , View Ridge/Wedgwood/Bryant , Maple Leaf , Phinney Ridge , Mt. Baker Ridge and Highlands/Carkeek/Bitterlake . Nearly all of France 's colonies gained independence by 1960 , but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence . Ridge Bond , native of McAlester , Oklahoma , starred in the Broadway and International touring productions of Oklahoma ! .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vietnam",
            "africa",
            "france",
            "algeria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730aa52069b53140083221f_m",
              "question": "Where did France lose a war in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vietnam",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did France lose a war in the 1950's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-430_m",
          "context": "Luther was the most widely read author of his generation , and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet . Lockheed signed an agreement with Vice President Johnson that pledged an `` aggressive seeking out for more qualified minority candidates for technical and skill positions. : 63 -- 64 This agreement was the administration 's model for a `` plan of progress . '' According to the prevailing view among historians , his anti-Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany . . '' , just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther . . , on his birthday in 1937 ; the newspaper described it as the most radically anti-Semitic tract ever published . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "r. frercks",
            "der stürmer",
            "reinhold lewin",
            "julius streicher",
            "michael",
            "heinrich himmler",
            "e.h. schulz",
            "nazis",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75_m",
              "question": "Who is the best reader of his generation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luther",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the most widely read writer of his generation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-176_m",
          "context": "On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York. He lit electric lamps wirelessly at both locations, demonstrating the potential of wireless power transmission. In the same year, he patented the Tesla coil.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the same year",
            "30 july 1891"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla acquire American citizenship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1891",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla get his US citizenship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1795_m",
          "context": "As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began about 13,000 BP. By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested. With globally shrinking ice-cover, ocean water levels rose and the English Channel and North Sea re-inundated. Meltwater, adding to the ocean and land subsidence, drowned the former coasts of Europe transgressionally.",
          "c_entity": [
            "9000",
            "22,000 years ago",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3_m",
              "question": "When was Europe completely forested and restored from the last ice age?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9000 BP",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Europe fully forested and recovered from the last Ice Age?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-373_m",
          "context": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier, presented Luther with copies of his writings laid out on a table and asked him if the books were his, and whether he stood by their contents. Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question. He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day:",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann eck",
            "trier"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb_m",
              "question": "Who talks to Luther about his book in the name of the Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johann Eck",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who spoke to Luther about his books on behalf of the Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-964_m",
          "context": ", housing more than 150,000 books . Atop the Main Building 's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary . Its music library contains 8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs . . Operating since 1793 and founded as a ` conversation club , ' its lecture theatre was the first public building to be lit by electric light , during a lecture by Joseph Swan on 20 October 1880 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john",
            "philosophical society of newcastle",
            "benjamin green",
            "joseph swan",
            "tyne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572680865951b619008f74eb_m",
              "question": "Who is lecturing at the Newcastle library on October 20?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Swan",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who lectured at the Newcastle library on the 20th of October in 1880?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-14_m",
          "context": "In defining how a modern Japan should be , members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany , basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige . , throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns , with 17 interceptions . In contrast , 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4 . Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns , while adding another 106 yards returning punts . . , while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards . , five touchdowns , 24 receptions , and a 4.7 yards per carry average . Overall , the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "demaryius thomas",
            "osweiler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b_m",
              "question": "Who are most wild horses registered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Demaryius Thomas",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who registered the most receptions on the Broncos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-364_m",
          "context": "Luther's writings circulated widely, reaching France, England, and Italy as early as 1519. Students thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak. He published a short commentary on Galatians and his Work on the Psalms. This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive. Three of his best-known works were published in 1520: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1520",
            "1519"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394_m",
              "question": "When was Luther's most famous work published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1520",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were some of Luther's best-known works published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-25_m",
          "context": "On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston, the league's vice president of brand and creative, explained that a primary reason for the change was the difficulty of designing an aesthetically pleasing logo with the letter \"L\" using the standardized logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV. The logo also deviates from the template by featuring large numerals, colored in gold, behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy, instead of underneath and in silver as in the standard logo.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vince lombardi",
            "nfl",
            "jaime weston"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317_m",
              "question": "Who is the vice president of branding and creativity for the NFL?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jaime Weston",
                  "answer_start": 339
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the NFL's vice president of brand and creative?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-93_m",
          "context": "Other green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden . Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion , a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War . The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek -LRB- Hellenic -RRB- history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year . They have extensive botanical collection of rare domestic and foreign plants , while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world . Besides , within the city borders , there are also : Pole Mokotowskie -LRB- a big park in the northern Mokotów , where was the first horse racetrack and then the airport -RRB- , Park Ujazdowski -LRB- close to the Sejm and John Lennon street -RRB- , Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin , by the southern city border , Park Skaryszewski by the right Vistula bank , in Praga . The oldest park in Praga , the Praga Park . In 1927 a zoological garden -LRB- Ogród Zoologiczny -RRB- was established on the park grounds .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "1927",
            "1865",
            "1871",
            "1952"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573368044776f41900660a2d_m",
              "question": "When was the zoo built in Prague park?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1927",
                  "answer_start": 1127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was a zoological garden established in the Praga Park?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-171_m",
          "context": "During that year, Tesla worked in Pittsburgh, helping to create an alternating current system to power the city's streetcars. He found the time there frustrating because of conflicts between him and the other Westinghouse engineers over how best to implement AC power. Between them, they settled on a 60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (to match the working frequency of Tesla's motor), although they soon found that, since Tesla's induction motor could only run at a constant speed, it would not work for street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor instead.",
          "c_entity": [
            "pittsburgh",
            "dc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e059c8231d4119001ac057_m",
              "question": "Where did Tesla work in 1888?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pittsburgh",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Tesla work in 1888?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-46_m",
          "context": ". One of Japan 's most renowned directors , Akira Kurosawa , greatly influenced the samurai aspect in western film-making . , but Carolina 's defense dug in over the next three plays . First , linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss . Like other enlightened despots , Catherine the Great played a key role in fostering the arts , sciences , and education . Then after an incompletion , forcing Denver to settle for a 3 . The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaq thompson",
            "panthers",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "thomas davis",
            "peyton manning",
            "andre caldwell",
            "brandon mcmanus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d728a10d65d21400198414_m",
              "question": "Who attacked Ronnie Hillman and cost him yards?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shaq Thompson",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a loss of yardage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-729_m",
          "context": "Apollo 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968, by the Saturn IB that would have been used for Apollo 1. The LM engines were successfully test-fired and restarted, despite a computer programming error which cut short the first descent stage firing. The ascent engine was fired in abort mode, known as a \"fire-in-the-hole\" test, where it was lit simultaneously with jettison of the descent stage. Although Grumman wanted a second unmanned test, George Low decided the next LM flight would be manned.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ib",
            "george low",
            "grumman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e152271a42140099d2cf_m",
              "question": "Who wants me to do more driverless tests first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Grumman",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who initially wanted more unmanned testing done regarding the LM?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-431_m",
          "context": "Construction of the present church began in 1245 , on the orders of King Henry III . On 17 December 1941 , seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge , `` since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory . '' , a leading Protestant churchman , published a compendium of Luther 's writings shortly after Kristallnacht , for which Diarmaid MacCulloch . '' , writing in the introduction , `` On 10 November 1938 , on Luther 's birthday , the synagogues are burning in Germany . '' The German people , he urged , ought to heed these words `` of the greatest antisemite of his time , the warner of his people against the Jews . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "daniel goldhagen",
            "diarmaid macculloch",
            "university of oxford",
            "martin sasse",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b_m",
              "question": "Who says Luther's book is an action plan for Jews?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Diarmaid MacCulloch",
                  "answer_start": 512
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who claimed Luther's writings were a blueprint of actions against Jews?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1509_m",
          "context": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1890",
            "currently"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283c464b864d19001647c9_m",
              "question": "When was the University of Chicago founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1890",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the University of Chicago established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1579_m",
          "context": "Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations to a single equation with only one unknown. His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303. The opening pages contain a diagram of Pascal's triangle. The summation of a finite arithmetic series is also covered in the book.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1249",
            "1314",
            "1303"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728804b4b864d1900164a46_m",
              "question": "When was Zhu Shijie born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1249",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Zhu Shijie born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-73_m",
          "context": "In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe. Today Warsaw is considered an \"Alpha–\" global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural, political and economic hub. Warsaw's economy, by a wide variety of industries, is characterised by FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing. The city is a significant centre of research and development, BPO, ITO, as well as of the Polish media industry. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security, has its headquarters in Warsaw. It has been said that Warsaw, together with Frankfurt, London, Paris and Barcelona is one of the cities with the highest number of skyscrapers in the European Union. Warsaw has also been called \"Eastern Europe’s chic cultural capital with thriving art and club scenes and serious restaurants\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573312fcd058e614000b56e7_m",
              "question": "When was Warsaw ranked as the 32nd most dynamic city in the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Warsaw ranked as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-389_m",
          "context": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora , one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523 , when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels . `` Suddenly , and while I was occupied with far different thoughts , '' he wrote to Wenceslaus Link , `` the Lord has plunged me into marriage . '' During this time , Tibet fought Chinese warlords for control of the ethnically Tibetan areas in Xikang and Qinghai -LRB- parts of Kham and Amdo -RRB- along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "26 years old",
            "41 years old",
            "time",
            "april 1523"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571_m",
              "question": "When did Luther save the nun from the convent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 1523",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther save the group of nuns from the convent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1537_m",
          "context": "Notable alumni in the field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky . In addition to the sports he played at Yale , Kerry is described by Sports Illustrated , among others , as an `` avid cyclist '' , primarily riding on a road bike .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william lyon mackenzie king",
            "obama",
            "john paul stevens",
            "robert bork",
            "eliot ness",
            "bernie sanders",
            "marek belka",
            "bank of japan masaaki shirakawa",
            "supreme court",
            "ramsey clark",
            "world bank",
            "bill clinton david axelrod",
            "carol moseley braun",
            "saul alinsky",
            "paul wolfowitz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286ab72ca10214002da31e_m",
              "question": "Who is the founder of modern community organization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saul Alinsky",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the founder of modern community organizing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1260_m",
          "context": "In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: \"self\" constituents (constituents of the body) do not trigger destructive immune responses, while \"nonself\" entities (pathogens, an allograft) trigger a destructive immune response. The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex \"two-signal\" activation of T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity and the self/nonself vocabulary have been criticized, but remain very influential.",
          "c_entity": [
            "frank burnet",
            "cst",
            "niels jerne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a02483f37b3190047864b_m",
              "question": "Who put forward the theory of immunoclonal selection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frank Burnet",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who formulated the idea of clonal selection theory of immunity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-547_m",
          "context": "At the University of Vienna , Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively ; and he also studied philosophy , psychology , and economics . A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin , Cork . Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use , and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there . ; and D'Olier Street in Dublin , named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland . , and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town . Virgil 's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name , Fferyllt or Pheryllt , became a generic term for magic-worker , and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist , fferyllydd . At the time , they constituted the majority of the townspeople .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dublin",
            "portarlington",
            "city",
            "waterford",
            "youghal",
            "cork",
            "district",
            "church street"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42_m",
              "question": "Where is de Lear street?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dublin",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is D'Olier Street?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-17_m",
          "context": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock. Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565_m",
              "question": "Who didn't pitch in the Mustang playoffs at first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manning",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "During the Bronco's playoff games, who did not throw at all?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1914_m",
          "context": "Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1862",
            "the late 19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74_m",
              "question": "When was Otto born in Bismarck?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1862",
                  "answer_start": 712
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Otto von Bismarck born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-413_m",
          "context": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper observed that Luther 's teaching about the state of the Christian 's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard . Lessing -LRB- 1755 -RRB- had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue . Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought -- Pashupata Shaivism , Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña -LRB- Kashmir Shaivism -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1755"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a_m",
              "question": "When did gerhardlessing reach a conclusion about Luther?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1755",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Gerhard Lessing reach his conclusions about Luther?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1342_m",
          "context": "Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early nineteenth century",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727515f708984140094dc12_m",
              "question": "When was the school law passed in South Africa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-783_m",
          "context": "In 2006, a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, from a European ship, prompted the Commission to look into legislation against toxic waste. Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas stated that \"Such highly toxic waste should never have left the European Union\". With countries such as Spain not even having a crime against shipping toxic waste, Franco Frattini, the Justice, Freedom and Security Commissioner, proposed with Dimas to create criminal sentences for \"ecological crimes\". The competence for the Union to do this was contested in 2005 at the Court of Justice resulting in a victory for the Commission. That ruling set a precedent that the Commission, on a supranational basis, may legislate in criminal law – something never done before. So far, the only other proposal has been the draft intellectual property rights directive. Motions were tabled in the European Parliament against that legislation on the basis that criminal law should not be an EU competence, but was rejected at vote. However, in October 2007, the Court of Justice ruled that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be, only that there must be some.",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 2007",
            "2005",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d_m",
              "question": "When will EU's criminal punishment right to ecological crimes be challenged?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 552
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the competence for the Union to create criminal sentences for ecological crimes contested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-186_m",
          "context": ", Tesla was granted patents for a `` system of transmitting electrical energy '' and `` an electrical transmitter . '' , Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents , though there is little to support this claim . . In 1943 , a Supreme Court of the United States decision restored the prior patents of Tesla , Oliver Lodge , and John Stone . In 1980 , the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics . The court declared that their decision had no bearing on Marconi 's claim as the first to achieve radio transmission , just that since Marconi 's claim to certain patents were questionable , he could not claim infringement on those same patents -LRB- there are claims the high court was trying to nullify a World War I claim against the U.S. government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring Tesla 's prior patent -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the beginning of years",
            "1943",
            "1900",
            "supreme court of the united states",
            "1904",
            "1903",
            "1901"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a_m",
              "question": "When will Tesla's patents be restored?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1943",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were Tesla's patents restored?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-429_m",
          "context": "Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia. Josel of Rosheim, the Jewish spokesman who tried to help the Jews of Saxony in 1537, later blamed their plight on \"that priest whose name was Martin Luther—may his body and soul be bound up in hell!—who wrote and issued many heretical books in which he said that whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition.\" Josel asked the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of Luther's anti-Jewish works: they refused initially, but did so when a Lutheran pastor in Hochfelden used a sermon to urge his parishioners to murder Jews. Luther's influence persisted after his death. Throughout the 1580s, riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1537",
            "the 1580s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f_m",
              "question": "When did the uprising lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German countries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Throughout the 1580s",
                  "answer_start": 646
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did riots cause the expulsion of Jews from several German states?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1073_m",
          "context": "In 1998 , the network began using a minimalist graphical identity , designed by Pittard Sullivan , featuring a small black-and-white `` ABC Circle '' logo on a yellow background -LRB- promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot card as well as the schedule sequence that began each night 's prime time lineup -RRB- . A new four-note theme tune was introduced alongside the package , based around the network 's `` We Love TV '' image campaign introduced that year . Martin landed six cannons from his vessel , the Elias Andrews , and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour . The four-note signature has been updated with every television season thereafter -LRB- though variants of it used since the 1998 -- 99 season remain in use during the production company vanity cards shown following the closing credits of most programs -RRB- . In the fall of 2015 , ABC is stopped with its 1998 -- 2002 four-note jingles for promotions and production company vanity cards following the closing credits of most of its programs over seventeen years , now it have a different and adventure-type music -LRB- with the drums of the network 's four-note signature in the ending -RRB- . The old four-note theme tune is still used by ABC on Demand to the beginning of the ABC show .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cbs",
            "abc",
            "pittard sullivan",
            "nbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572735a15951b619008f86bf_m",
              "question": "Who designed ABC's new graphic design in 1998?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pittard Sullivan",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed ABC's 1998 new graphic design?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "-- 1 record . They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49 -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . Babangida 's regime has been considered the most corrupt , and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4_m",
              "question": "Who did Carolina beat in the NFC championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Carolina beat in the NFC championship game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-396_m",
          "context": "Luther and his colleagues introduced the new order of worship during their visitation of the Electorate of Saxony , which began in 1527 . They also assessed the standard of pastoral care and Christian education in the territory . The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription -LRB- 515 BC -RRB- as Armina -LRB- -RRB- . `` Merciful God , what misery I have seen , '' Luther wrote , `` the common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine ... and unfortunately many pastors are well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1527"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3_m",
              "question": "When did Luther introduce the new reverence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1527",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther introduce the new worship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1585_m",
          "context": "One of the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees. The Yuan government used woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China. The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu. The Il-khanate government issued paper money in 1294, but public distrust of the exotic new currency doomed the experiment.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1275",
            "1294"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728827b2ca10214002da42e_m",
              "question": "When did the ilkhanid experiment with paper money?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1294",
                  "answer_start": 545
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Il-khanate experiment with paper money?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1289_m",
          "context": "One of the best examples would be Shen Kuo -LRB- 1031 -- 1095 -RRB- , a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation , discovered the concept of true north , improved the design of the astronomical gnomon , armillary sphere , sight tube , and clepsydra , and described the use of drydocks to repair boats . In cases where the criminalized behavior is pure speech , civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech . An example would be WBAI 's broadcasting the track `` Filthy Words '' from a George Carlin comedy album , which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation . Threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies . For example , Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon , New Hampshire city councilors stating , `` Wise up or die . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1_m",
              "question": "When did the case go to the Supreme Court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 641
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did the the case go before the supreme court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-163_m",
          "context": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving more difficult problems.",
          "c_entity": [
            "manhattan",
            "france",
            "new york city"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85_m",
              "question": "Where did Tesla move in June 1884?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York City",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In June 1884, where did Tesla relocate? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-966_m",
          "context": "The Hoppings , reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe , takes place on Newcastle Town Moor every June . . Newcastle Community Green Festival , which claims to be the UK 's biggest free community environmental festival , also takes place every June , in Leazes Park . In July , Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna , taken in New York in 1978 . The Northern Rock Cyclone , a cycling festival , takes place within , or starting from , Newcastle in June . . The Ouseburn Festival .",
          "c_entity": [
            "day",
            "late july",
            "mid july",
            "june",
            "1880s",
            "weekend"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d_m",
              "question": "When is the biggest Travel Expo in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "every June",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When does the largest traveling fair in Europe take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1767_m",
          "context": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[note 7] The \"total length of the Rhine\", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in 2010.[note 1]",
          "c_entity": [
            "alpine",
            "lake constance",
            "old rhine bridge"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041_m",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine measurement start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine river's measurement begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-537_m",
          "context": "The last major attack by the Royalist was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth , but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park . In the early years , many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston . In 1685 , was among the first to settle there . . After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 , several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent , Alexander Pepin , immigrated to the Charleston Orange district . They were very successful at marriage and property speculation . After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies , they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper . Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush . , where they developed new plantations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charlemagne",
            "santee",
            "grenoble",
            "america",
            "texas",
            "south carolina",
            "orsement",
            "deep south",
            "north",
            "france",
            "charleston orange",
            "england",
            "dieppe",
            "suffolk",
            "ashepoo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df_m",
              "question": "Where did hugno Adel settle in South Carolina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Charleston Orange district",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where in South Carolina did Huguenot nobility settle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2024_m",
          "context": "Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines . In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction , and a consequently inadequate view of the nature of natural motion . Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 `` I 'm a Catholic and I practice , but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions ... I 've spent some time reading and thinking about religion and trying to study it , and I 've arrived at not so much a sense of the differences , but a sense of the similarities in so many ways . '' A fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion , even at a constant velocity . . With his mathematical insight . By the early 20th century , Einstein developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light , and also provided insight into the forces produced by gravitation and inertia . The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters .",
          "c_entity": [
            "galileo galilei",
            "aristotle",
            "einstein",
            "isaac newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75_m",
              "question": "Who put forward the theory of relativity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 874
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who develped the theory of relativity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1279_m",
          "context": "It has been argued that the term \"civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen notes, \"It has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "marshall cohen",
            "agnew"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572726c9708984140094da7e_m",
              "question": "Who thinks civil disobedience is used to describe everything?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marshall Cohen",
                  "answer_start": 134
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What person argues that civil disobedience is used to describe everything?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e_m",
              "question": "Who is the first quarterback to lead two teams to more than one super cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peyton Manning",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first quarterback to take two teams to more than one Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1644_m",
          "context": "Kenya has been a dominant force in women 's volleyball within Africa , with both the clubs and the national team winning various continental championships in the past decade . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The women 's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success . Cricket is another popular and the most successful team sport . Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup since 1996 . They upset some of the World 's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament . . Their current captain is Rakep Patel . . . . Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church , which he described as `` our beloved sister Church '' . Rugby union is increasing in popularity , especially with the annual Safari Sevens tournament . Kenya sevens team ranked 9th in IRB Sevens World Series for the 2006 season . Kenya was also a regional powerhouse in soccer . This executive order was eventually amended and superseded by Lyndon B. Johnson 's Executive Order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race , color , religion , and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts . However , its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the now defunct Kenya Football Federation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sale sharks",
            "rakep patel",
            "widnes vikings",
            "european super league",
            "world cricket league",
            "cricket world cup",
            "lucas onyango",
            "icc",
            "irb sevens world series",
            "world championships",
            "fifa",
            "oldham roughyeds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729293d3f37b319004780a2_m",
              "question": "Who is the current captain of the cricket team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rakep Patel",
                  "answer_start": 549
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the current captian of the cricket team?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-967_m",
          "context": "Newcastle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend, is an annual two-day multicultural event, blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead also holds an annual International Arts Fair. The 2009 event will be in the Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre in September. In October, there is the Design Event festival—an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October.",
          "c_entity": [
            "norman foster",
            "newcastle mela",
            "newcastlegateshead"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d_m",
              "question": "Who holds an international art fair in Newcastle every year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "NewcastleGateshead",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who holds an annual International Arts Fair in Newcastle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-44_m",
          "context": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marlee matlin",
            "asl",
            "lady gaga"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4_m",
              "question": "Who sings the National Anthem in the top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lady Gaga",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the National Anthem at Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1543_m",
          "context": ", the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi . The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , who is represented by the Governor General of Canada . However , the French lines never broke during their tactical retreat ; Napoleon constantly rode out among the troops urging them to stand and fight .",
          "c_entity": [
            "maria goeppert-mayer",
            "subrahmanyan chandrasekhar",
            "enrico fermi",
            "robert a. millikan",
            "edward teller",
            "luis walter alvarez",
            "murray gell-mann",
            "a. a. michelson",
            "arthur h. compton",
            "tsung-dao lee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572872dd2ca10214002da380_m",
              "question": "Who invented the first nuclear reactor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Enrico Fermi",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who invented the first nuclear reactor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-582_m",
          "context": "In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery to be powered. The engines could be sited anywhere that water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained. By 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution, allowing factories to locate where water power was unavailable. The atmospheric engines of Newcomen and Watt were large compared to the amount of power they produced, but high pressure steam engines were light enough to be applied to vehicles such as traction engines and the railway locomotives.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1781",
            "1883"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b_m",
              "question": "When was the ten thousand horsepower engine produced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1883",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "As of what year were 10000 horsepower engines available?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1877_m",
          "context": "An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan , as well as the Muslim Brotherhood , was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut -LRB- the Islamic Salvation Front -RRB- in Algeria . He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament , so that Victoria took the title `` Empress of India '' from 1 May 1876 . Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani , and a charismatic Islamist young preacher , Ali Belhadj . The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center , the National Severe Storms Laboratory , and the Warning Decision Training Branch , all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman . Taking advantage of economic failure and unpopular social liberalization and secularization by the ruling leftist-nationalist FLN government , it used its preaching to advocate the establishment of a legal system following Sharia law , economic liberalization and development program , education in Arabic rather than French , and gender segregation , with women staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men . The FIS won sweeping victories in local elections and it was going to win national elections in 1991 when voting was canceled by a military coup d'état .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afghanistan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e_m",
              "question": "Where is FIS established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algeria",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the FIS formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-935_m",
          "context": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him, the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map. This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1809",
            "six years",
            "1807"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572686ac5951b619008f75ab_m",
              "question": "When did William McLure begin to make the first geological map of the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1807",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did William Maclure begin the process of creating the first geological map of the U.S.?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1025_m",
          "context": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994, the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane, the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004 and the sacred silver and stained-glass gallery in 2005. In this latter gallery stained glass is displayed alongside silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243–48 comes from the Sainte-Chapelle, is displayed along with other examples in the new Medieval & Renaissance galleries. The important 13th-century glass beaker known as the Luck of Edenhall is also displayed in these galleries. Examples of British stained glass are displayed in the British Galleries. One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance.",
          "c_entity": [
            "dale chihuly",
            "danny lane"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53_m",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the glass railings on the stairs and the mezzanine of the main corridor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Danny Lane",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine in the main gallery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-618_m",
          "context": "Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam , as feed water was usually readily available . Prior to and during World War I , the expansion engine dominated marine applications where high vessel speed was not essential . It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine where speed was required , for instance in warships , such as the dreadnought battleships , and ocean liners . Xinjiang , also known as Chinese Turkestan , was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains , also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively , but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions . HMS Dreadnought of 1905 was the first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The French scored a convincing win in the resulting Battle of Eckmühl , forcing Charles to withdraw his forces over the Danube and into Bohemia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1905"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9_m",
              "question": "When was the intrepid launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1905",
                  "answer_start": 747
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was HMS Dreadnought launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-210_m",
          "context": "In 1937 , at a luncheon in his honor concerning the death ray , Tesla stated , `` But it is not an experiment ... I have built , demonstrated and used it . Pinch hitter Richie Hebner -LRB- .333 BA in 1984 -RRB- was signed as a free-agent . In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology . Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world . '' His records indicate that the device is based on a narrow stream of small tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage -LRB- by means akin to his magnifying transformer -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1937"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla claim to have made the weapon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1937",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla claim to have built the weapon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1846_m",
          "context": "Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels . For the Conservatives , the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands . . Nevertheless , she too announced she would step down as leader of the party . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annabel goldie",
            "cameron",
            "snp",
            "conservatives",
            "david mcletchie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93_m",
              "question": "Who is the most disappointed to lose puntlands in Edinburgh?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Conservatives",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The loss of Edinburgh Pentlands really disappointed whom the most?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-46_m",
          "context": ". , but Carolina 's defense dug in over the next three plays . First . Adherbal fled to Rome for assistance , and initially Rome mediated a division of the country between the two brothers . Then after an incompletion , forcing Denver to settle for a 3 -- 0 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal . The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaq thompson",
            "panthers",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "thomas davis",
            "peyton manning",
            "andre caldwell",
            "brandon mcmanus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d728a10d65d21400198415_m",
              "question": "Who scored for Denver in the first round of the Super Bowl in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brandon McManus",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who kicked the field goal for Denver on the first drive of Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1035_m",
          "context": "In doing so , he takes occasion to repudiate altogether the view that the conception of Mary was sinless . The collection includes about 1130 British and 650 European oil paintings , 6800 British watercolours , pastels and 2000 miniatures , for which the museum holds the national collection . He celebrated his last Easter in exile in Aquileia in April 345 , received by bishop Fortunatianus . Also on loan to the museum : the seven surviving -LRB- there were ten -RRB- full scale designs for tapestries in the Sistine Chapel . . One of the largest objects in the collection is the Spanish tempera on wood , 670 x 486 cm , retable of St George , c. 1400 , consisting of numerous scenes and painted by Andrés Marzal De Sax in Valencia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrés marzal de sax",
            "elizabeth ii",
            "pietro perugino",
            "paul",
            "gospels",
            "raphael cartoons",
            "perugia",
            "st george",
            "peter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0_m",
              "question": "Who drew the St George's rectangle in the V & a collection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andrés Marzal De Sax",
                  "answer_start": 702
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who painted the retable of St. George that is in the V&A collection?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-10_m",
          "context": ", the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history , becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978 . When he learned of what was happening , he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath , who died shortly afterwards . Carolina started the season 14 -- 0 , not only setting franchise records for the best start and the longest single-season winning streak , breaking the 13 . With their NFC-best 15 -- 1 regular season record , the Panthers clinched home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs for the first time in franchise history . Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl -LRB- the most in franchise history -RRB- along with eight All-Pro selections . The then mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carolina panthers",
            "kelvin benjamin",
            "deangelo williams",
            "nfl",
            "green bay packers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e_m",
              "question": "Who has the best record in NFC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carolina Panthers",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had the best record in the NFC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-730_m",
          "context": ", crewed by McDivitt , Scott and Schweickart , launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs . The Seattle area is still home to Boeing 's Renton narrow-body plant -LRB- where the 707 , 720 , 727 , and 757 were assembled , and the 737 is assembled today -RRB- and Everett wide-body plant -LRB- assembly plant for the 747 , 767 , 777 , and 787 -RRB- . . Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission , ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead , and eliminating the E mission . This would keep the program on track . , aboard Zond 5 , and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts . She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show , saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption . The decision was not announced publicly until successful completion of Apollo 7 . Gemini veterans Frank Borman and James Lovell , transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on Christmas Eve , and returning safely to Earth .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1969",
            "20 hours",
            "september 15, 1968",
            "december 1968",
            "christmas eve",
            "summer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e28f38643c19005ace25_m",
              "question": "When was the image of the moon's surface transmitted to the earth through television?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christmas Eve",
                  "answer_start": 1017
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "On what day were images of the moon's surface transmitted to Earth via television images?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1464_m",
          "context": "\"Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006. The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror were animated by animation company Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish, and became available for purchase in May 2013 through Amazon.com. Subsequent animations made in 2013 include The Tenth Planet, The Ice Warriors and The Moonbase.",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2006",
            "1968",
            "may 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572805363acd2414000df26f_m",
              "question": "When did the invasion first appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was The Invasion originally shown?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-12_m",
          "context": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points , ranking sixth in the league . Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11 , while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two . The day after the Pact was signed , the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov . . , who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts . Behind them , two of the Panthers three starting linebackers were also selected to play in the Pro Bowl . , four forced fumbles , and four interceptions , and intercepted four passes of his own . , who led the team with a career high seven interceptions , who developed into a shutdown corner during the season and had four interceptions , two of which were returned for touchdowns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kurt coleman",
            "kony ealy",
            "nfl",
            "josh norman",
            "thomas davis",
            "luke kuechly",
            "kawann short",
            "jared allen",
            "mario addison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6f3500d65d21400198291_m",
              "question": "Who put the panther in the bag?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kawann Short",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who led the Panthers in sacks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-175_m",
          "context": ", backed by financier J. P. Morgan . . Russell 's ministry , though Whig , was not favoured by the Queen . To secure further loans . The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists . In 1897 . , due to alternating current 's rapid gain in popularity , had turned out to be an overly generous $ 2.50 per AC horsepower royalty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "westinghouse electric and tesla",
            "j. p. morgan",
            "brown",
            "ac",
            "general electric",
            "peck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462_m",
              "question": "Who financed GE's attempt to acquire Westinghouse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J. P. Morgan",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who financed General Electric's attempts to takeover Westinghouse?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1868_m",
          "context": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War , which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein 's occupation of Kuwait . Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid . But when Saddam , secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq , attacked Saudi Arabia -LRB- his enemy in the war -RRB- , western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy . Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west . Thomas Bewick 's A History of British Birds -LRB- Volume 1 , 1797 -RRB- mentions a report from `` a very intelligent master of a vessel '' who , `` between the islands of Minorca and Majorca , saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward '' , and states the situation in Britain as follows :",
          "c_entity": [
            "saddam hussein"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2_m",
              "question": "Who does the U.S. military want to end its occupation of Kuwait?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saddam Hussein",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Whose occupation of Kuwait did the US military personal seek to put an end to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-97_m",
          "context": ". A city is also a commune -- but with the city charter . Both cities and communes are governed by a mayor -- but in the communes the mayor is vogt -LRB- wójt in Polish -RRB- , however in the cities -- burmistrz . Some bigger cities obtain the entitlements , i.e. tasks and privileges , which are possessed by the units of the second level of the territorial division -- counties or powiats . An example of such entitlement is a car registration : a gmina can not register cars , this is a powiat 's task -LRB- i.e. a registration number depends on what powiat a car had been registered , not gmina -RRB- . In this case we say about city county or powiat grodzki . , Kraków . , its districts additionally have some of powiat 's entitlements -- like already mentioned car registration . For example , the district Wola has its own evidence and the district Ursynów . But for instance the districts in Kraków do not have entitlements of powiat , so the registration numbers in Kraków are of the same type for all districts . In 1852 , Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator , which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke .",
          "c_entity": [
            "warsaw",
            "poland",
            "kraków",
            "poznań",
            "ursynów",
            "lublin",
            "gdańsk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573380e0d058e614000b5beb_m",
              "question": "Where are the approval numbers of all kinds of vehicles?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kraków",
                  "answer_start": 667
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what districts are the registration numbers for cars all of the same type?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-947_m",
          "context": "Another green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor , lying immediately north of the city centre . It is larger than London 's famous Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath put together and the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle on it . With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust , a clandestine movement known as Aliyah Bet was organized to bring Jews to Palestine . Bell believed the photophone 's principles were his life 's `` greatest achievement '' , telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was `` the greatest invention -LSB- I have -RSB- ever made , greater than the telephone '' . The right incidentally extends to the pitch of St. James ' Park , Newcastle United Football Club 's ground , though this is not exercised , although the Freemen do collect rent for the loss of privilege . Honorary freemen include Bob Geldof , King Harald V of Norway , Bobby Robson , Alan Shearer , the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company . The Hoppings funfair , said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe , is held here annually in June .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8_m",
              "question": "When does Newcastle have a market?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June",
                  "answer_start": 1120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When is the funfair held in Newcastle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1101_m",
          "context": "In June 1978 , Arledge created the newsmagazine 20/20 ; after its first episode received harshly negative reviews , the program -- was immediately revamped to feature a mix of in-depth stories and interviews . His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s . , ABC sold its recording division to MCA Inc. for $ 20 million , and all of its 300 employees were laid off -LRB- the rights to the works of ABC Records and all of MCA 's other labels have since been acquired by Universal Music Group -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "year",
            "june 1978",
            "february 1979",
            "march 5",
            "summer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc_m",
              "question": "When did the 20 / 20 news magazine start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1978",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the newsmagazine 20/20 first created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-40_m",
          "context": "In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac . Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America , with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer . Then , Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james lofton",
            "kevin harlan",
            "dan fouts",
            "mark malone",
            "boomer esiason",
            "jim gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e_m",
              "question": "Who is the advertiser of Westwood's top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Harlan",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the announcer for Westwood One's Super Bowl 50 coverage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-169_m",
          "context": "In 1888 , Thomas Commerford Martin -LRB- a friend and publicist -RRB- , including his induction motor . Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841 , John Thadeus Delane , the influence of The Times rose to great heights , especially in politics and amongst the City of London . . , rotating magnetic field-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george westinghouse",
            "american institute of electrical engineers",
            "tesla",
            "electrical world",
            "westinghouse electric & manufacturing company",
            "thomas commerford martin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779_m",
              "question": "Who published the electric world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Commerford Martin",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who edited Electrical World magazine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-306_m",
          "context": "He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God . In the 19th century medical demand for leeches was so high that some areas ' stocks were exhausted and other regions imposed restrictions or bans on exports , and Hirudo medicinalis is treated as an endangered species by both IUCN and CITES . , the others -LRB- mostly in the South -RRB- have not . . Private schools in these and most other states may also use it . Corporal punishment in American schools is administered to the seat of the student 's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle . This often used to take place in the classroom or hallway , but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately in the principal 's office .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south",
            "alabama",
            "georgia",
            "texas",
            "louisiana",
            "tennessee",
            "oklahoma",
            "arkansas",
            "us",
            "mississippi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed_m",
              "question": "Where is corporal punishment most often carried out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the South",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is corporal punishment practiced the most?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1584_m",
          "context": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most published works were still produced through traditional block printing techniques. The publication of a Taoist text inscribed with the name of Töregene Khatun, Ögedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols. In 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate, a government-sponsored printing office. The Yuan government established centers for printing throughout China. Local schools and government agencies were funded to support the publishing of books.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1273",
            "the 12th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572882242ca10214002da424_m",
              "question": "When was the board of directors of imperial library established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1273",
                  "answer_start": 557
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Imperial Library Directorate established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "-- 1 record . They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49 -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin 's life there . They joined the Patriots . Spielberg was also a co-producer of the 1987 film * batteries not included .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2_m",
              "question": "Who beat the Carolina Panthers at the 2015 NFL championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Carolina Panthers beat in the 2015 NFC Championship game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1427_m",
          "context": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption , rather than income should be the measure of inequality , and inequality of consumption is less extreme than inequality of income in the US . , '' and consumption is more important than income . , and Tory , consumption inequality was actually lower in 2001 than it was in 1986 . The debate is summarized in `` The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor '' by journalist Thomas B. Edsall . Although the party experienced a brief rise in the polls after this , its popularity soon slumped to its lowest level since the days of Michael Foot . The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building , and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated . Other studies have not found consumption inequality less dramatic than household income inequality , though it did agree that household consumption numbers show more equal distribution than household income .",
          "c_entity": [
            "will wilkinson",
            "thomas b. edsall",
            "smeeding",
            "cbo",
            "johnson",
            "cato institute"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a0c541d046914007796f6_m",
              "question": "Who wrote \"the hidden prosperity of the poor\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas B. Edsall",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote \"The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-533_m",
          "context": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1487",
            "1294"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57106644b654c5140001f8e8_m",
              "question": "When was the illustrated and paraphrased edition of the book published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1487",
                  "answer_start": 500
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "An illustrated, paraphrased version of this appeared when?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1148_m",
          "context": "The killing of Osama bin Laden `` has generated perhaps the most important crossroads yet , '' the report continued , as the senator spoke at a press conference and prepared to fly from Kabul to Pakistan . Before Genghis Khan died , he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons . He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia . He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location . It has so many depth and layers that it 's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light . '' His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states out of all of modern-day China , Korea , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and substantial portions of modern Eastern Europe , Russia , and Southwest Asia . Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations . As a result , Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1227"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a00d708984140094cc26_m",
              "question": "When did Genghis Khan die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1227",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did Genghis Khan die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-484_m",
          "context": ", BSkyB became the UK 's largest digital subscription television company . Felix , Imperial 's student newspaper , was launched on 9 December 1949 . . , still trading as Sky . Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bskyb",
            "british sky broadcasting group",
            "sky television",
            "sky italia",
            "british sky broadcasting limited to sky uk limited",
            "british satellite broadcasting",
            "sky deutschland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57092322efce8f15003a7db1_m",
              "question": "Who is the largest digital subscription TV company in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BSkyB",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the UK's largest digital subscription television company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1611_m",
          "context": "On 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister. Under the deal, the president would appoint cabinet ministers from both PNU and ODM camps depending on each party's strength in Parliament. The agreement stipulated that the cabinet would include a vice-president and two deputy Prime Ministers. After debates, it was passed by Parliament, the coalition would hold until the end of the current Parliament or if either of the parties withdraws from the deal before then.",
          "c_entity": [
            "28 february 2008",
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff_m",
              "question": "When did Kibaki and Odinga agree to form a government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "28 February 2008",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Kibaki and Odinga sing an agreement on the formation of government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-122_m",
          "context": "The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the English Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard. His stay in Normandy (until 1016) influenced him and his sons by Emma, who stayed in Normandy after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle.",
          "c_entity": [
            "sweyn forkbeard",
            "duke richard ii",
            "emma"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9_m",
              "question": "Who is Emma's brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Duke Richard II",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Emma's brother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1526_m",
          "context": "The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States. The university's main library is the Regenstein Library, which contains one of the largest collections of print volumes in the United States. The Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, built in 2011, houses a large study space and an automatic book storage and retrieval system. The John Crerar Library contains more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology. The university also operates a number of special libraries, including the D'Angelo Law Library, the Social Service Administration Library, and the Eckhart Library for mathematics and computer science, which closed temporarily for renovation on July 8, 2013. Harper Memorial Library no longer contains any volumes; however it is, in addition to the Regenstein Library, a 24-hour study space on campus.",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 8, 2013",
            "24-hour",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572856beff5b5019007da193_m",
              "question": "When was the library built by Joe and Lycra mansuetto?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 356
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1791_m",
          "context": "The adjacent portrait of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos on a pier -LRB- from 1122 -RRB- is similarly personal . Landslides continuously threatened the progress of a search and rescue group of 80 men , each carrying about 40 kg of relief supplies , from a motorized infantry brigade under commander Yang Wenyao , as they tried to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county . Through stream capture , the Rhine extended its watershed southward . By the Pliocene period , the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains , including the Mosel , the Main and the Neckar . . By the early Pleistocene period , including the Aar . Since that time ; captured from the Rhône -RRB- , the upper reaches of the Main , to its watershed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake constance",
            "alpenrhein",
            "hinterrhein",
            "rhone",
            "rhine",
            "meuse",
            "schweinfurt",
            "vosges mountains",
            "rhône",
            "vorderrhein",
            "alps"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2_m",
              "question": "Where are the rivers conquered by the Rhine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vosges Mountains",
                  "answer_start": 565
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where are the streams the Rhine captured?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1558_m",
          "context": "After strengthening his government in northern China , Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism . He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south . . . , the wealthiest city of China . Song loyalists escaped from the capital and enthroned a young child as Emperor Bing of Song . . The last Song emperor drowned , bringing an end to the Song dynasty . In 1936 , the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII . The conquest of the Song reunited northern and southern China for the first time in three hundred years .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yamen",
            "hangzhou",
            "xiangyang",
            "japan",
            "yangzi",
            "china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286d4f2ca10214002da328_m",
              "question": "Where did Kublai Khan build his government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northern China",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Kublai build his administration's strength?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-999_m",
          "context": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers . This period of time is often viewed as the Golden Age of Armenian literature . The Green Dining Room 1866 , and displays Elizabethan influences . The lower part of the walls are panelled in wood with a band of paintings depicting fruit and the occasional figure . The Centre Refreshment Room 1865 -- 77 was designed in a Renaissance style by James Gamble , the walls and even the Ionic columns are covered in decorative and moulded ceramic tile , the ceiling consists of elaborate designs on enamelled metal sheets and matching stained-glass windows . The Grill Room 1876 , the lower part of the walls consist of blue and white tiles with various figures and foliage enclosed by wood panelling , the windows are also stained glass , there is an elaborate cast-iron grill still in place .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dorchester house",
            "edward poynter",
            "edward burne-jones",
            "alfred stevens",
            "art school",
            "philip webb",
            "william morris",
            "james gamble"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269d68708984140094cbd9_m",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the decoration of the central fresh room?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Gamble",
                  "answer_start": 426
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the decorations of the Centre Refreshment Room?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1041_m",
          "context": "Rodin is represented by more than 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France; these were given to the museum by the sculptor in 1914, as acknowledgement of Britain's support of France in World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist had been purchased in 1902 by public subscription. Other French sculptors with work in the collection are Hubert Le Sueur, François Girardon, Michel Clodion, Jean-Antoine Houdon, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux and Jules Dalou.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1914",
            "1902"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734_m",
              "question": "When was Rodin's work handed over to V & A?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year were Rodin's works given to the V&A?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-207_m",
          "context": "As an ethnic minority in every country in which they live -LRB- except Israel -RRB- , they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history , resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries . In 1935 , in an annual birthday celebration interview , Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance , a related new means of communication , and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits . During this period , Alauddin Khilji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond , which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golkonda , to Delhi .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1935"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla file these charges?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1935",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla make these claims?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-444_m",
          "context": "Luther is honoured on 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints. In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
          "c_entity": [
            "31 october",
            "18 february"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f_m",
              "question": "When does the Anglican Church celebrate Luther?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 October",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When is Luther commemorated by the Church of England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1204_m",
          "context": "In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica.",
          "c_entity": [
            "diocles",
            "de materia medica",
            "pedanius dioscorides"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726db5add62a815002e92d4_m",
              "question": "Who were the people who studied plant medicine in ancient Greece?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Diocles of Carystus",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was a man studying medicinal applicants of plants in Ancient Greece?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1579_m",
          "context": "Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations to a single equation with only one unknown. His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303. The opening pages contain a diagram of Pascal's triangle. The summation of a finite arithmetic series is also covered in the book.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1249",
            "1314",
            "1303"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a_m",
              "question": "When did Zhu Rongji publish the four unknown jade mirrors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1303",
                  "answer_start": 440
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Zhu publish 'Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1585_m",
          "context": "One of the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees. The Yuan government used woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China. The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu. The Il-khanate government issued paper money in 1294, but public distrust of the exotic new currency doomed the experiment.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1275",
            "1294"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728827b2ca10214002da42c_m",
              "question": "When did the yuan begin to be printed in copper?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1275",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Yuan begin using bronze printing plates for its money?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2011_m",
          "context": "The new British command was not in place until July . . Montcalm took bold action against his inertia . Tanzania : Dar es Salaam was the torch 's only stop in Africa , on April 13 . , Montcalm executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga , as if to presage another attack along Lake George . . In the aftermath , Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners ' personal effects . The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables , which angered the Indians . The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era .",
          "c_entity": [
            "loudoun",
            "albany",
            "ticonderoga",
            "montcalm",
            "oswego"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fd66d058e614000b6736_m",
              "question": "Where does Montcalm move its headquarters to show strategic progress?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ticonderoga",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Montcalm move his heaquarter to show strategic advancement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-52_m",
          "context": "With 4:51 left in regulation , Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive , and soon faced 3rd-and-9 . On the next play , Miller stripped the ball away from Newton , and after several players dove for it , who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line . Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it . In April 1914 U.S. opposition to Huerta had reached its peak , blockading the regime 's ability to resupply from abroad . He later revised his poem The Prelude to include praise of Burke -LRB- `` Genius of Burke ! Meanwhile , Denver 's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays . , giving Denver a 24 -- 10 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away . Carolina had two more drives , but failed to get a first down on each one .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "newton",
            "bennie fowler",
            "broncos",
            "ward",
            "anderson",
            "josh norman",
            "miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ea_m",
              "question": "Who took the ball off Newton in the third and ninth quarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Miller",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who stripped the ball from Newton on a 3rd and nine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-431_m",
          "context": "On 17 December 1941 , seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge , `` since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory . '' , a leading Protestant churchman , published a compendium of Luther 's writings shortly after Kristallnacht . '' The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas . , writing in the introduction , `` On 10 November 1938 , on Luther 's birthday , the synagogues are burning in Germany . '' Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987 . The German people , he urged , ought to heed these words `` of the greatest antisemite of his time , the warner of his people against the Jews . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "daniel goldhagen",
            "diarmaid macculloch",
            "university of oxford",
            "martin sasse",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a_m",
              "question": "Who claims that the church proposed the expulsion of Jews from Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luther",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the churches claim had suggested expulsion of Jews from Germany?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1931_m",
          "context": "St. George 's United Methodist Church , located at the corner of 4th and New Streets , in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia , is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States . Col. Moultrie 's men returned fire and inflicted heavy damage on several of the British ships . In February 1974 , the British Prime Minister , Edward Heath , advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim , requiring her to fly back to Britain . The congregation was founded in 1767 , meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street . At this time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1763",
            "1767",
            "1784",
            "beginning in 1769"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309adb396df919000961fe_m",
              "question": "When did St. George build the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1767",
                  "answer_start": 541
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the congregation at St. George's founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1772_m",
          "context": "The flow of cold , gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake . The cold water flows near the surface and at first does n't mix with the warmer . But then , at the so-called Rheinbrech . The flow reappears on the surface at the northern -LRB- German -RRB- shore of the lake . The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee . . Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so , and that they had acted on their own initiative . Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne -LRB- `` Rhine Gutter '' -RRB- and Seerhein . Depending on the water level .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake überlingen",
            "lindau",
            "mainau",
            "upper lake",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95_m",
              "question": "Where is the mixture of cold water and Lake Constance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rheinbrech",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the cold water mix with Lake Constance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1874_m",
          "context": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine . . -- its first foray into the political process -- it won the majority of the seats , and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza . `` I did n't really want to get involved in the war '' , Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986 . Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "2007",
            "january 2006",
            "2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa_m",
              "question": "When did Hamas expel PLO from Gaza?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1876_m",
          "context": "After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition, and an intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power. The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden for a time (before 9/11), and worked to unify Islamist opposition to the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War.",
          "c_entity": [
            "nif",
            "turabi",
            "osama bin laden"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0_m",
              "question": "Who presided over the NIF regime before 9 / 11?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Osama bin Laden",
                  "answer_start": 509
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the NIF regime harbor prior to 9/11?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-163_m",
          "context": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving more difficult problems.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1882",
            "june 1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla start working for Edison in mainland China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1882",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-771_m",
          "context": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues unless it agreed to be bound by the legislation. The UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty - instead, an Agreement on Social Policy was added as a protocol. Again, the UK was exempt from legislation arising from the protocol, unless it agreed to be bound by it. The protocol was to become known as \"Social Chapter\", despite not actually being a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty. To achieve aims of the Agreement on Social Policy the European Union was to \"support and complement\" the policies of member states. The aims of the Agreement on Social Policy are:",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3_m",
              "question": "When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the Maastricht treaty signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-347_m",
          "context": "Martin Luther -LRB- / ˈluːθər / or / ˈluːðər / ; German : -LSB- ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈlʊtɐ -RSB- -LRB- listen -RRB- -- 18 February 1546 -RRB- was a German professor of theology , composer , priest , former monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation . . He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God 's punishment for sin could be purchased with money . 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "18 february 1546",
            "1521",
            "1517",
            "medieval",
            "1520",
            "10 november 1483"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6_m",
              "question": "When did Martin Luther die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 February 1546",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Martin Luther die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1880_m",
          "context": "In July 1977 , General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 's regime in Pakistan . Ali Bhutto , a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists , shortly before he was overthrown . Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism , and `` Islamization '' or implementation of Islamic law . Zia ul Haq was an admirer of Mawdudi and Mawdudi 's party Jamaat-e-Islami became the `` regime 's ideological and political arm '' . In Pakistan this Islamization from above was `` probably '' more complete `` than under any other regime except those in Iran and Sudan , '' but Zia-ul-Haq was also criticized by many Islamists for imposing `` symbols '' rather than substance , and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power . Unlike neighboring Iran , Zia-ul-Haq 's policies were intended to `` avoid revolutionary excess '' , and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies . . Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "six months",
            "july 1977",
            "1988",
            "eleven-year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af_m",
              "question": "When did general ziyarhak overthrow the Pakistani regime?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1977",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-897_m",
          "context": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1893",
            "1908",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6_m",
              "question": "When was Gasquet's second edition published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the second edition of Gasquet's book come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1023_m",
          "context": "Many famous potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach as well as Mintons & Royal Doulton are represented in the collection. There is an extensive collection of Delftware produced in both Britain and Holland, which includes a circa 1695 flower pyramid over a metre in height. Bernard Palissy has several examples of his work in the collection including dishes, jugs and candlesticks. The largest objects in the collection are a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland. There is an unrivalled collection of Italian maiolica and lustreware from Spain. The collection of Iznik pottery from Turkey is the largest in the world.",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 17th centuries",
            "1695"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb_m",
              "question": "When were the largest objects in the V & a ceramics and glass collection made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "from the 16th and 17th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The largest objects in the V&A ceramics and glass collection were produced during which time period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1482_m",
          "context": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson , and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People . , ending with The Horns of Nimon -LRB- 1979 -RRB- . He also made a cameo appearance in The Talons of Weng-Chiang -LRB- as a Music hall conductor -RRB- . All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dudley simpson",
            "jon pertwee/tom baker",
            "giants",
            "blake"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281a952ca10214002d9dea_m",
              "question": "Who was the most popular musical contribution in the first 15 years of the program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dudley Simpson",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the most frequent musical contributor to Doctor Who in the first 15 years of the show?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1363_m",
          "context": "Harvard 's 2,400 professors , lecturers , and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students . The school color is crimson , which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper , The Harvard Crimson . The color was unofficially adopted -LRB- in preference to magenta -RRB- by an 1875 vote of the student body , when Charles William Eliot , bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta . Gaddafi disliked England , claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country 's culture ; asserting his Arab identity in London , he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1909",
            "1869",
            "1875",
            "1858"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3_m",
              "question": "When did Harvard accept red as the official color?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1875",
                  "answer_start": 326
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the color crimson adopted at Harvard as official color?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1552_m",
          "context": "Möngke Khan commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China . The Prussian territories around Erfurt , Mühlhausen and Nordhausen joined Thuringia in 1945 . . He died in 1259 without a successor . Kublai returned from fighting the Song in 1260 when he learned that his brother , Ariq Böke , was challenging his claim to the throne . In June of that year , Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina . Kublai convened a kurultai in Kaiping that elected him Great Khan . , beginning a civil war . Kublai depended on the cooperation of his Chinese subjects to ensure that his army received ample resources . . Ariq Böke was hampered by inadequate supplies and surrendered in 1264 . All of the three western khanates -LRB- Golden Horde . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ariq böke great khan",
            "mongolia",
            "middle east",
            "chagatai khanate",
            "möngke khan",
            "zhongtong",
            "china",
            "mongol empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572867212ca10214002da2f3_m",
              "question": "Where did mengkehan attack the Song Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "southern China",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Mongke Khan attack the Song dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-535_m",
          "context": ". The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however Maria de la Queillerie , who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town . When he was driven out of Greece by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla , who laid siege to Athens and razed the city . The couple left for the Far East ten years later . . The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration , but quite a few arrived as late as 1700 ; thereafter , the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "far east",
            "jan van riebeeck",
            "viljoen",
            "maria de la queillerie",
            "dutch east india company",
            "françois villion"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571077ecb654c5140001f90b_m",
              "question": "Who was the first hugono to reach the Cape of good hope?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maria de la Queillerie",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-53_m",
          "context": ". Sanders was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards . , along with four receptions for 10 yards . , 2 1/2 sacks , and two forced fumbles . . , a fumble recovery , and an interception . , making him perfect on all 11 attempts during the post-season . , with one interception . He was also the team 's leading rusher with 45 yards on six carries . After the death of General Ojinaga , the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces . . , three sacks , a forced fumble , a fumble recovery , and an interception . , a sack , and a forced fumble . , despite playing just two weeks after breaking his right arm in the NFC title game .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "brown",
            "ward",
            "charles johnson",
            "anderson",
            "ealy",
            "sanders",
            "luke kuechly",
            "thomas davis",
            "ware",
            "ginn",
            "miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7_m",
              "question": "Who is the highest receiver of the game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sanders",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the game's top receiver?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1776_m",
          "context": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany . It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries , such as the Neckar , the Main and , later , which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s -LRB- 11,000 cu ft/s -RRB- . It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold -LRB- 1794 ? . . As it approaches the Dutch border , the Rhine has an annual mean discharge of 2,290 m3/s -LRB- 81,000 cu ft/s -RRB- and an average width of 400 m -LRB- 1,300 ft -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jura mountains",
            "belgium",
            "vosges",
            "france",
            "germany",
            "moselle",
            "luxembourg",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc_m",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine merge with the tributaries of the necka river?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine encounter it's tributary the Neckar? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1206_m",
          "context": "In Philippine mythology , Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan , god of thunder , is responsible for lightning . The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology . -- 915 -RRB- , for instance , acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds . -- 1013 -RRB- pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation . His Liber servitoris is of particular interest , as it provides the reader with recipes and explains how to prepare the ` simples ' from which were compounded the complex drugs then generally used . , was , however , the first physician to initiate pharmacopoedia , describing a large variety of drugs and remedies for ailments . Al-Biruni -LRB- 973 -- 1050 -RRB- wrote one of the most valuable Islamic works on pharmacology , entitled Kitab al-Saydalah -LRB- The Book of Drugs -RRB- , in which he detailed the properties of drugs and outlined the role of pharmacy and the functions and duties of the pharmacist . , too , described no less than 700 preparations , their properties , modes of action , and their indications . He devoted in fact a whole volume to simple drugs in The Canon of Medicine . Of great impact were also the works by al-Maridini of Baghdad and Cairo -- 1074 -RRB- , both of which were printed in Latin more than fifty times , appearing as De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus by ` Mesue ' the younger , and the Medicamentis simplicibus by ` Abenguefit ' . -- 1316 -RRB- translated and added a supplement to the work of al-Maridini under the title De Veneris . The feast of the Annunciation -LRB- which commemorates the virginal conception and the Incarnation of Jesus -RRB- is celebrated on 25 March , nine months before Christmas Day . Al-Muwaffaq 's contributions in the field are also pioneering . Living in the 10th century , he wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies , amongst others describing arsenious oxide , and being acquainted with silicic acid . He made clear distinction between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate , and drew attention to the poisonous nature of copper compounds , especially copper vitriol , and also lead compounds . He also describes the distillation of sea-water for drinking . -LSB- verification needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "ibn al-wafid",
            "al-muwaffaq",
            "avicenna",
            "sabur ibn sahl",
            "muhammad ibn zakarīya rāzi",
            "abu al-qasim al-zahrawi",
            "peter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08_m",
              "question": "Who wrote about distilling drinking water from sea water?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Al-Muwaffaq",
                  "answer_start": 1785
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote about the distillation of drinking water from sea water?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-74_m",
          "context": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313 . Due to its central location between the Polish , Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596 . The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest , but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi . After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 , Warsaw was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars , the city became the official capital of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw . , the Russian Empire annexed Warsaw in 1815 and it became part of the `` Congress Kingdom '' . Only in 1918 did it regain independence from the foreign rule and emerge as a new capital of the independent Republic of Poland . The German invasion in 1939 , the massacre of the Jewish population and deportations to concentration camps led to the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943 and to the major and devastating Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944 . Warsaw gained the title of the `` Phoenix City '' because it has survived many wars , conflicts and invasions throughout its long history . Most notably , the city required painstaking rebuilding after the extensive damage it suffered in World War II , which destroyed 85 % of its buildings . On 9 November 1940 , the city was awarded Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism , during the Siege of Warsaw -LRB- 1939 -RRB- . The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks -LRB- Γραικοί -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "commonwealth",
            "sigismund iii vasa",
            "virtuti militari",
            "kraków",
            "kingdom of prussia",
            "republic of poland",
            "congress of vienna",
            "napoleon bonaparte"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733140a4776f419006606e3_m",
              "question": "Who moved their food from Clark Polo 243 to Warsaw in 1596?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Sigismund III Vasa",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1575_m",
          "context": "Since its invention in 1269 , the ` Phags-pa script , a unified script for spelling Mongolian , Tibetan , and Chinese languages , was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty . Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese , but they could generally converse well in the language . The Mongol custom of long standing quda/marriage alliance with Mongol clans , the Onggirat , and the Ikeres , kept the imperial blood purely Mongol until the reign of Tugh Temur , whose mother was a Tangut concubine . In 1918 Whitehead 's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system , of which Imperial College London was a member at the time . The Mongol Emperors had built large palaces and pavilions , but some still continued to live as nomads at times . Nevertheless , a few other Yuan emperors actively sponsored cultural activities ; an example is Tugh Temur -LRB- Emperor Wenzong -RRB- , who wrote poetry , painted , read Chinese classical texts , and ordered the compilation of books .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1269"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57287e512ca10214002da3f8_m",
              "question": "When was the phags barvin invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1269",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Phags-pa script invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-431_m",
          "context": "On 17 December 1941 , seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge , `` since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory . '' , Bishop Martin Sasse , a leading Protestant churchman , published a compendium of Luther 's writings shortly after Kristallnacht . '' Sasse applauded the burning of the synagogues and the coincidence of the day , writing in the introduction , `` On 10 November 1938 , the synagogues are burning in Germany . '' However , the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north , so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi , the Last Emperor . The German people , he urged , ought to heed these words `` of the greatest antisemite of his time , the warner of his people against the Jews . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "daniel goldhagen",
            "diarmaid macculloch",
            "university of oxford",
            "martin sasse",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c_m",
              "question": "Who agreed to burn the synagogue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bishop Martin Sasse",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who agreed with the burning of synagogues?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-527_m",
          "context": "In 1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade\"). This was crushed by British troops, but the discontents prompted colonial authorities to reform the administration (particularly reducing the hated mining licence fees) and extend the franchise. Within a short time, the Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855. Some of the leaders of the Eureka rebellion went on to become members of the Victorian Parliament.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1854",
            "1855"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31_m",
              "question": "When did armed protests against miners take place in balarat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1854",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was there a armed protest at Ballarat about mining taxes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-23_m",
          "context": ", the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants . , `` We 've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms . '' The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII -- 19 . In their only other Super Bowl win in Super Bowl XXXII , Denver wore blue jerseys , which was their primary color at the time . They also lost Super Bowl XXI when they wore white jerseys , but they are 0-4 in Super Bowls when wearing orange jerseys , losing in Super Bowl XII , XXII , XXIV , and XLVIII . -- 10 in Super Bowl XL 10 seasons prior . In season ten , Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season . The Broncos ' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform : black jerseys with silver pants .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlanta falcons",
            "nfc",
            "broncos",
            "seattle seahawks",
            "elway",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "denver qb"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9_m",
              "question": "Who is nominated for the Super Bowl home team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Broncos",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was designated as the home team in the Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1597_m",
          "context": "Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia believed by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version. Others say that this was—on the contrary—a very precise notation of a correct African pronunciation /ˈkɛnjə/. An 1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862. Controversy over the actual meaning of the word Kenya notwithstanding, it is clear that the mountain's name became widely accepted, pars pro toto, as the name of the country.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1862",
            "1882"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f9342ca10214002dab55_m",
              "question": "When did the Thompsons show off the Kenyan mountains?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1862",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did Thompsons indicate Mt Kenya?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-377_m",
          "context": "Luther 's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg was planned . . They escorted Luther to the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach . During his stay at Wartburg , which he referred to as `` my Patmos '' , Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German and poured out doctrinal and polemical writings . The single `` Drunk in Love '' , featuring Jay Z , peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . , whom he shamed into halting the sale of indulgences in his episcopates , and a `` Refutation of the Argument of Latomus , '' in which he expounded the principle of justification to Jacobus Latomus . The following year , Svendsens Festpolonaise was written for the opening procession .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louvain",
            "wartburg castle",
            "mainz",
            "wittenberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82989aef2371900625e6c_m",
              "question": "Where did the robbers take Luther?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wartburg Castle",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the highwaymen take Luther?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-14_m",
          "context": ", throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns , with 17 interceptions . In contrast , 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4 . Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns , while adding another 106 yards returning punts . . The reason for this , according to Paul VI , is that married love takes its origin from God , who `` is love '' . In March 2013 , Governor Rick Snyder declared a financial emergency in the city , stating that the city has a $ 327 million budget deficit and faces more than $ 14 billion in long-term debt . , while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards . , five touchdowns , 24 receptions , and a 4.7 yards per carry average . Overall , the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "demaryius thomas",
            "osweiler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6_m",
              "question": "Who runs 105 reception desks for Mustangs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Demaryius Thomas",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who led the Broncos with 105 receptions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-716_m",
          "context": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans. Crews on all development flights (except the Earth orbit CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, included at least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans. Dr. Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space, and landed on the Moon on the last mission, Apollo 17. Schmitt participated in the lunar geology training of all of the Apollo landing crews.",
          "c_entity": [
            "csm",
            "harrison schmitt",
            "nasa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d51589a1e219009abf70_m",
              "question": "Who was NASA's first space scientist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt",
                  "answer_start": 375
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first NASA scientist in space?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-284_m",
          "context": "Before the actual research explicitly devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off , numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers . Upon her inauguration , Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague . Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936 , which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alan turing"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15_m",
              "question": "Who is the most influential researcher among those who lack work on the complexity of algorithm problems?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Turing",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the most influential researcher among those grappling with the deficit of work surrounding the complexity posed by algorithmic problems?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-40_m",
          "context": "Disraeli 's ministry only lasted a matter of months , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America , with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james lofton",
            "kevin harlan",
            "dan fouts",
            "mark malone",
            "boomer esiason",
            "jim gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656_m",
              "question": "Who announced Super Bowl 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Harlan",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who announced the game play-by-play for Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1280_m",
          "context": "LeGrande writes that \"the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland, he often finds that specific terminology has no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have.\" He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.",
          "c_entity": [
            "legrande",
            "alice"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c_m",
              "question": "Who says it's hard to write a good description of civil disobedience?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LeGrande",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who said that writing a good description of civil disobedience is hard?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1363_m",
          "context": "Harvard 's 2,400 professors , lecturers , and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students . The school color is crimson , which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper , The Harvard Crimson . , although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858 , when Charles William Eliot , bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta . On June 12 , 1991 , Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President . To achieve this , John reformed the English feudal contribution to his campaigns , creating a more flexible system under which only one knight in ten would actually be mobilised , but would be financially supported by the other nine ; knights would serve for an indefinite period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1909",
            "1869",
            "1875",
            "1858"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4_m",
              "question": "When was Harvard's earliest criminal record?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1858",
                  "answer_start": 319
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year is the earliest traces of the color Crimson at Harvard?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1479_m",
          "context": ". . . From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole , who held office for twenty-one years . For the return of the series in 2005 , Murray Gold provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added ; in the 2005 Christmas episode `` The Christmas Invasion '' , Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement that was used up until the conclusion of the 2007 series . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice .",
          "c_entity": [
            "keff mcculloch",
            "dominic glynn",
            "murray gold",
            "john debney",
            "ron grainer",
            "peter howell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3_m",
              "question": "Who created the 2005 theme for Dr. who?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Murray Gold",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who created the 2005 theme for Doctor Who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1870_m",
          "context": "While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq) did, however, develop and they pursued a more radical direction. By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1966",
            "the 1970s",
            "the mid-1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa_m",
              "question": "When was kutb executed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Qutb executed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-77_m",
          "context": ". Kashani et al. 2012 state that `` The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians . After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes , a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa . The Prince of Płock , Bolesław II of Masovia , established this settlement , the modern-day Warsaw . . . Upon the extinction of the local ducal line , the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526 . Under such monks as Columba -LRB- d. 597 -RRB- and Columbanus -LRB- d. 615 -RRB- , they founded monasteries , taught in Latin and Greek , and authored secular and religious works .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "1413",
            "the beginning of the 14th century",
            "14th-century",
            "about 1300",
            "1526"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332562d058e614000b5734_m",
              "question": "When will the Duchy of marsowen take over the Polish crown?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1526",
                  "answer_start": 564
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Masovian Duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-186_m",
          "context": ", Tesla was granted patents for a `` system of transmitting electrical energy '' and `` an electrical transmitter . '' When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901 , Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents , though there is little to support this claim . . Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced `` Holiday '' , which was her third single and her first global hit . , a Supreme Court of the United States decision restored the prior patents of Tesla , Oliver Lodge , and John Stone . The court declared that their decision had no bearing on Marconi 's claim as the first to achieve radio transmission , just that since Marconi 's claim to certain patents were questionable , he could not claim infringement on those same patents -LRB- there are claims the high court was trying to nullify a World War I claim against the U.S. government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring Tesla 's prior patent -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the beginning of years",
            "1943",
            "1900",
            "supreme court of the united states",
            "1904",
            "1903",
            "1901"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879_m",
              "question": "When was Marconi's Radio demonstration?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1901",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Marconi's radio demonstration?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-150_m",
          "context": "Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents\" as well as various patent battles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "current",
            "the formative years",
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla come to America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla come to the US?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1846_m",
          "context": "Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination , having won critical delegate votes from Texas . For the Conservatives , the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands . , with leader Annabel Goldie claiming that their support had held firm . Nevertheless , she too announced she would step down as leader of the party . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annabel goldie",
            "cameron",
            "snp",
            "conservatives",
            "david mcletchie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96_m",
              "question": "Who announced that she would resign as chairman of the conservative party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Annabel Goldie",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who announced she would step down as leader of the Conservatives? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-167_m",
          "context": "In 1927 , Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery , known as the `` Father of Route 66 '' , began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66 . In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown . The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents for financial gain . Feynman 's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos `` Water Boiler '' , a small nuclear reactor , to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality . Based on Tesla 's patents and other ideas they agreed to back him financially and handle his patents . Together in April 1887 they formed the Tesla Electric Company with an agreement that profits from generated patents would go 1/3 to Tesla , 1/3 to Peck and Brown , and 1/3 to fund development . They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan where he worked on improving and developing new types of electric motors , generators and other devices .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
            "western",
            "manhattan",
            "new york"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0d810231d4119001ac435_m",
              "question": "Where is Tesla's new lab?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan",
                  "answer_start": 833
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Tesla's new lab?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-175_m",
          "context": ", backed by financier J. P. Morgan , involved in takeover attempts and patent battles with Westinghouse Electric . Although a patent-sharing agreement was signed between the two companies in 1896 Westinghouse was still cash-strapped from the financial warfare . MTV estimated that by the end of 2014 , Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history ; she succeeded to do so in April 2014 . To secure further loans , Westinghouse was forced to revisit Tesla 's AC patent , which bankers considered a financial strain on the company -LRB- at that point Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $ 200,000 in licenses and royalties to Tesla , Brown , and Peck -RRB- . , Westinghouse explained his financial difficulties to Tesla in stark terms . Westinghouse convinced Tesla to release his company from the licensing agreement over Tesla 's AC patents in exchange for Westinghouse Electric purchasing the patents for a lump sum payment of $ 216,000 ; this provided Westinghouse a break from what , had turned out to be an overly generous $ 2.50 per AC horsepower royalty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "future",
            "1897",
            "the mid 1890s",
            "1896",
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e089ab231d4119001ac285_m",
              "question": "When did Westinghouse and Ge sign the patent sharing agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1896",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse Electric and General Electric?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1222_m",
          "context": "In some rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients from within their practices. The law requires that the GP practice be located in a designated rural area and that there is also a specified, minimum distance (currently 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy. This law also exists in Austria for general physicians if the nearest pharmacy is more than 4 kilometers away, or where none is registered in the city.",
          "c_entity": [
            "united kingdom",
            "austria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f635dd62a815002e9656_m",
              "question": "Where can some doctors prescribe and give medicine in the clinic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In some rural areas in the United Kingdom",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where are some physicians permitted to prescribe and give out medications within their practices?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-488_m",
          "context": "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service. The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel as all the others. This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+).",
          "c_entity": [
            "bskyb",
            "cisco systems",
            "nds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57094d489928a8140047150c_m",
              "question": "Who is the parent company of NDS?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cisco Systems",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the parent company of NDS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1442_m",
          "context": "Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force (usually in the form of taxation), and that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force. However, Nozick recognized that some modern economic inequalities were the result of forceful taking of property, and a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are only justified when they improve society as a whole, including the poorest members. Rawls does not discuss the full implications of his theory of justice. Some see Rawls's argument as a justification for capitalism since even the poorest members of society theoretically benefit from increased innovations under capitalism; others believe only a strong welfare state can satisfy Rawls's theory of justice.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john rawls",
            "justice",
            "robert nozick"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a20816aef0514001552e4_m",
              "question": "Who says the government forcibly redistributes wealth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Nozick",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who argues that the government redistributes wealth by force?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-102_m",
          "context": "The FSO Car Factory was established in 1951 . , including the Warszawa , Syrena , Fiat 125p -LRB- under license from Fiat , later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired -RRB- and the Polonez . The last two models listed were also sent abroad and assembled in a number of other countries , including Egypt and Colombia . , which assembled the Tico , Espero , Nubia , Tacuma , Leganza , Lanos and Matiz there for the European market . They had one child , a daughter , Marina , who is now a distinguished professor of business administration and public policy at the University of Michigan . The Center for Science in the Public Interest -LRB- CSPINET -RRB- wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation . , a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1951",
            "currently",
            "2005",
            "the decades",
            "1995",
            "february 2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573383d0d058e614000b5c35_m",
              "question": "When was the FSO automobile factory established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1951",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the FSO Car Factory founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2018_m",
          "context": "British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760 when, despite losing outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte-Foy, the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche while armies marched on Montreal from three sides.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ticonderoga",
            "james wolfe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573406d1d058e614000b6801_m",
              "question": "Who beat montecame in Quebec?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Wolfe",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1901_m",
          "context": "In 1928 , WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord 's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network ; in 1949 , WKY-TV -LRB- channel 4 -RRB- went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color . The Age of Imperialism , a time period beginning around 1700 , saw -LRB- generally European -RRB- industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing , influencing , and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power . , for example , the `` The Great Game '' in Persian lands , the `` Scramble for Africa '' and the `` Open Door Policy '' in China . Roncalli was initially reluctant about a mission to Bulgaria , but he would soon relent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 18th century",
            "1700",
            "age of imperialism",
            "thousands of years",
            "the middle of the 20th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309446396df919000961b8_m",
              "question": "When did the era of imperialism begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "around 1700",
                  "answer_start": 323
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the age of Imperialism begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-4_m",
          "context": "Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century . CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S. , and charged an average of $ 5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game . , who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows , respectively . It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever . There are additional police stations at Portswood , Banister Park , Bitterne , and Shirley as well as a British Transport Police station at Southampton Central railway station .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bruno mars",
            "cbs",
            "beyoncé",
            "coldplay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd_m",
              "question": "Who is the TV host of the US top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "CBS",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the broadcaster for Super Bowl 50 in the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-438_m",
          "context": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben , his place of birth , on 15 February 1546 , three days before his death . The first person elected under the new constitution of 1825 was Simón Elías Gonzalez , who being in Sonora , was induced to remain there . It was `` entirely devoted to the obdurate Jews , whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory , '' according to Léon Poliakov . Ba included Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams , while Shu included today 's Chengdu , its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan . James Mackinnon writes that it concluded with a `` fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst , unless they desisted from their calumny and their usury and became Christians . '' Luther said , `` we want to practice Christian love toward them and pray that they convert , '' but also that they are `` our public enemies ... and if they could kill us all , they would gladly do so . And so often they do . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisleben"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d_m",
              "question": "Where was Luther's last sermon held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eisleben",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Luther's last sermon preached?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1_m",
              "question": "Who did John Elway play for in the 33rd Super Bowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Broncos",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did John Elway play for in Super Bowl XXXIII?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-954_m",
          "context": "After Alexander the Great 's ventures in the Persian Empire , Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia -LRB- Seleucid Empire , Kingdom of Pergamon -RRB- , north-east Africa -LRB- Ptolemaic Kingdom -RRB- and South Asia -LRB- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom , Indo-Greek Kingdom -RRB- . . France and the Ottoman Empire , united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule , became strong allies . . Tyneside flats were built as terraces , one of each pair of doors led to an upstairs flat while the other led into the ground-floor flat , each of two or three rooms . A new development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them ; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tyneside",
            "south heaton",
            "newcastle",
            "ouseburn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae_m",
              "question": "Where has this lifestyle developed recently?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Ouseburn valley",
                  "answer_start": 595
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is this housing style being developed recently?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1028_m",
          "context": "In 2002 , the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes . Other famous designers with work in the collection include Coco Chanel , Hubert de Givenchy , Christian Dior , Cristóbal Balenciaga , Yves Saint Laurent , Guy Laroche , Irene Galitzine , Mila Schön , Valentino Garavani , Norman Norell , Norman Hartnell , Zandra Rhodes , Hardy Amies , Mary Quant , Christian Lacroix , Jean Muir and Pierre Cardin . The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion to add to the collection . In response , YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim posted the question `` why the fuck do I need a google + account to comment on a video ? ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438_m",
              "question": "When did V & A get the sheriff's collection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the V&A acquired the Costiff collection?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-637_m",
          "context": "In 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson. Both men lowered the temperature of air until it liquefied and then distilled the component gases by boiling them off one at a time and capturing them. Later, in 1901, oxyacetylene welding was demonstrated for the first time by burning a mixture of acetylene and compressed O 2. This method of welding and cutting metal later became common.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1895",
            "1901",
            "1891"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116_m",
              "question": "When was liquid oxygen developed for commercial use?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was liquid oxygen developed for commercial use?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-700_m",
          "context": ", he had to develop greater project management skills in his organization , so he recruited Dr. George E. Mueller for a high management job . Mueller accepted . . On July 23 , 1963 . On 1 September 1961 , Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "von braun",
            "d. brainerd holmes",
            "marshall space flight center",
            "gilruth",
            "launch operations center",
            "robert seamans",
            "webb",
            "george e. mueller",
            "office of manned space flight",
            "debus",
            "nasa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c123271a42140099d131_m",
              "question": "Who did Weber recruit for better project management?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr. George E. Mueller",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Webb recruit for better project management?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1949_m",
          "context": "In 1987, a United Methodist church court in New Hampshire defrocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman for openly living with a same-sex partner. In 2005, clergy credentials were removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud after she was convicted in a church trial of violating church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship; this conviction was later upheld by the Judicial Council, the highest court in the denomination. The Judicial Council also affirmed that a Virginia pastor had the right to deny local church membership to a man in an openly gay relationship. This affirmation, however, was based upon a senior pastor's right to judge the readiness of a congregant to join as a full member of the church. However, at the same time, the UMC Judicial Council, in 2008, ruled that conferences can determine their own policy related to transgender pastors, and therefore some regional conferences have voted to recognize ordained transgender pastors. The Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008",
            "1987",
            "2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b776069b5314008322bd_m",
              "question": "When was rose mary Denman released from public life with same-sex partners?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was Rose Mary Denman defrocked for openly living with a same-sex partner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1846_m",
          "context": "Under the 1963 constitution , Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term . For the Conservatives , the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands , to the SNP . . The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48 % of the vote . Nevertheless , she too announced she would step down as leader of the party . Cameron congratulated the SNP on their victory but vowed to campaign for the Union in the independence referendum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annabel goldie",
            "cameron",
            "snp",
            "conservatives",
            "david mcletchie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97_m",
              "question": "Who congratulated SNP when he vowed to fight for their referendum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cameron",
                  "answer_start": 391
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who congratulated the SNP while vowing to campaign against their referendum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-284_m",
          "context": "Before the actual research explicitly devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off , numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers . After receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School , Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney . Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936 , which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17_m",
              "question": "When was Alan Turing's computational model received?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1936",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Alan Turing's definitional model of a computing device received?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-935_m",
          "context": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him, the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map. This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1809",
            "six years",
            "1807"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572686ac5951b619008f75aa_m",
              "question": "When was the first geological map of the United States drawn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1809",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-515_m",
          "context": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F) during summer and 15 °C (59 °F) in winter. Except at cool mountain elevations, the inland monthly temperatures are 2–7 °C (4–13 °F) warmer than around Melbourne (see chart). Victoria's highest maximum temperature since World War II, of 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009, during the 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave.",
          "c_entity": [
            "summer",
            "winter",
            "7 february 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7_m",
              "question": "When is the heat wave with the highest temperature in Hopton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the heatwave in which Hopetoun recorded its highest temperature?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1198_m",
          "context": "Centro still operates for middle market while the ` Parkson ' brand itself , positioned for middle-up segment , enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan , followed by its second store in Jakarta . The decoration is composed of colorful floral arabesques and wide bands of Arab calligraphy . Although the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur , they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shahs , Turks , Persians , Nishapur . However , Mughal Emperors directly patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south",
            "bukhara",
            "asia",
            "nishapur",
            "damascus",
            "baghdad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572756715951b619008f8879_m",
              "question": "Where did the Muslim historical figure atar come from, and the Mongols still remember his murder?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nishapur",
                  "answer_start": 521
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "From where was the Muslim historical figure Attar, whose murder by the Mongols was long remembered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1447_m",
          "context": "Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show, as well as the differing approach to the role that each brings, under the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation. The show's premise is that this is a life process of Time Lords through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and, to some extent, new personality, which occurs after sustaining an injury which would be fatal to most other species. Each actor's portrayal differs, but they are all intended to be aspects of the same character and form part of the same storyline. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi took on the role after Matt Smith's exit in the 2013 Christmas special \"The Time of the Doctor\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "matt smith",
            "peter capaldi",
            "time lords"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f18c3acd2414000df064_m",
              "question": "Who became a doctor with Matt Smith?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Capaldi",
                  "answer_start": 738
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who followed Matt Smith in the role of Doctor Who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1432_m",
          "context": "In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation (education, experience, and apprenticeship) and higher level of fertility, and thereby lower levels of growth. He found that inequality is associated with higher levels of redistributive taxation, which is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment. Perotti concluded that, \"more equal societies have lower fertility rates and higher rates of investment in education. Both are reflected in higher rates of growth. Also, very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable, which is reflected in lower rates of investment and therefore growth.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1993",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a11663f37b31900478693_m",
              "question": "When did galor and zeria show new information about inequality?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Galor and Zeria show new information about inequality?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-13_m",
          "context": "Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season 's playoffs , and the hiring of Gary Kubiak as the new head coach . Along with four other scientists and various military personnel , von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb . Under Kubiak , but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line , due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer , as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season . Although the team had a 7 -- 0 start . In week 10 . , who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season . , however -- 7 against the 4 -- 20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed . , passing yards allowed and sacks , and like the previous three seasons , the team has continued to set numerous individual , league and franchise records . With the defense carrying the team despite the issues with the offense -- 4 record and earned home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "san diego chargers",
            "wade phillips",
            "john fox",
            "gary kubiak",
            "brock osweiler",
            "indianapolis colts",
            "nfl",
            "denver broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca_m",
              "question": "Who is the manager of Denver's top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gary Kubiak",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Denver head coach for Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1456_m",
          "context": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it. The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\". The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time. A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "digital spy",
            "moving image"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fdb94b864d190016417d_m",
              "question": "Who organized an exhibition of \"doctors\" in 1991?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Museum of the Moving Image",
                  "answer_start": 375
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who put on a Doctor Who exhibition in 1991?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-78_m",
          "context": ", Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm , permanent from 1569 . , formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth . Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies , the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris , meeting for the first time in Paris in 1859 . Due to its central location between the Commonwealth 's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius . . Several private independent districts were established , the property of aristocrats and the gentry , which were ruled by their own laws . , Brandenburgian and Transylvanian forces .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1658",
            "1573",
            "1596",
            "1529",
            "1655",
            "the following years",
            "1569"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733266d4776f41900660713_m",
              "question": "When will members of Congress make Warsaw a permanent member?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1569",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the General Sejm make Warsaw it's permanent seat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1502_m",
          "context": "Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s , a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who , in different media : apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC , there have also been novels , comics , short stories , audio books , radio plays , interactive video games , game books , webcasts , DVD extras , and even stage performances . The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884 , when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni . In this respect it is noteworthy that the BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories , and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572837402ca10214002da0f4_m",
              "question": "When did the doctor create it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Doctor Who created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1795_m",
          "context": "As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began about 13,000 BP. By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested. With globally shrinking ice-cover, ocean water levels rose and the English Channel and North Sea re-inundated. Meltwater, adding to the ocean and land subsidence, drowned the former coasts of Europe transgressionally.",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "north sea",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1_m",
              "question": "Where did the glaciers flow in Europe in the last ice age?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rhine",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the discharge from glaciers go in Europe in the last Ice Age?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-14_m",
          "context": ", throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns , with 17 interceptions . In contrast , 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4 . Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns , while adding another 106 yards returning punts . Leyden jars were later made by coating the inside and outside of jars with metal foil , leaving a space at the mouth to prevent arcing between the foils . . , while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards . , five touchdowns , 24 receptions , and a 4.7 yards per carry average . Overall , the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "demaryius thomas",
            "osweiler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e_m",
              "question": "Who receives the most players this year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Demaryius Thomas",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had the most receptions out of all players for the year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-972_m",
          "context": ". After the constitutional changes of 1974 , Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state . The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team who play their home games at the new Sport Central complex at Northumbria University . The Eagles are the most successful team in the history of the British Basketball League -LRB- BBL -RRB- . The city 's speedway team Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park in Byker , a venue that is also home to greyhound racing . . , which has taken place on 9 June annually since 1981 , to commemorate the celebrated Blaydon Races horse racing . One of Albert 's dressing gowns was placed by her side , with a plaster cast of his hand , while a lock of John Brown 's hair , along with a picture of him , was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brough park",
            "gateshead",
            "newcastle diamonds",
            "gosforth",
            "newcastle eagles",
            "tyne bridge",
            "great north run",
            "south shields"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572687e1dd62a815002e8855_m",
              "question": "Where did you see the Greyhound game in Newcastle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brough Park",
                  "answer_start": 428
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where can you see greyhound racing in Newcastle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1165_m",
          "context": "Kuchlug , as it was originally established as remnants of the Liao dynasty -RRB- . Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general . , possibly to take him out of power . . They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch , the ruler of Kangra , in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs . Therefore , under his younger general , known as `` The Arrow '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jebe",
            "temüjin",
            "kuchlug",
            "genghis khan",
            "liao",
            "khan of the naiman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f_m",
              "question": "Who controlled karakuntai after tmtob 252 escaped?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kuchlug",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who took control of Qara Khitai after fleeing Temüjin's Mongol Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-17_m",
          "context": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock. Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the final three minutes",
            "17 seconds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af_m",
              "question": "When the wild horses finished their audition to finish the AFC championship, how much time was left?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 seconds",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "How much time remained on the clock when the Broncos made the interception that clinched the AFC Championship Game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1020_m",
          "context": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture . For instance , design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books and the work of European artists and craftsmen employed in Britain . In the Stuart period , increasing trade , especially with Asia , enabled wider access to luxuries like carpets , lacquered furniture , silks and porcelain . On 30 September , Zhou Enlai warned the United States that China was prepared to intervene in Korea if the United States crossed the 38th parallel . In the Georgian age there was increasing emphasis on entertainment and leisure . For example , the increase in tea drinking led to the production of tea paraphernalia such as china and caddies . European styles seen on the Grand Tour also influenced taste . The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina , with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed , elongated angels . As the Industrial Revolution took hold . In the Victorian era new technology and machinery had a significant effect on manufacturing , and for the first time since the reformation . There is a large display on the Great Exhibition which , among other things , led to the founding of the V&A . In the later 19th century , the increasing backlash against industrialization , led by John Ruskin , contributed to the Arts and Crafts movement .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john ruskin",
            "eleanor coade",
            "josiah wedgwood",
            "matthew boulton",
            "roman catholic churches"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde_m",
              "question": "Who is considered to be the leader of the arts and crafts movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Ruskin",
                  "answer_start": 1303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is considered the leading figure in the Arts and Crafts movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2049_m",
          "context": "In this equation, a dimensional constant  is used to describe the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, though its value was unknown in Newton's lifetime. Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of  using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press as a measurement of the mass of the Earth since knowing  could allow one to solve for the Earth's mass given the above equation. Newton, however, realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal. Succinctly stated, Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass  due to the gravitational pull of mass  is",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry cavendish",
            "newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378862c3c5551400e51f22_m",
              "question": "Who was the first to measure the value of Newton's gravitational constant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Cavendish",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who made the first to measure value of the Newton Universal Gravitation Constant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-565_m",
          "context": "Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis\" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France, who reigned long before the Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.",
          "c_entity": [
            "hugues capet",
            "janet gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce_m",
              "question": "Who is the outstanding advocate of this theory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Janet Gray",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is one prominent advocate of this theory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1458_m",
          "context": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who. In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998",
            "2002",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90_m",
              "question": "When did the BBC make a favorable decision about the brand name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 472
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the BBC receive a favorable ruling on the trade mark claim?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1166_m",
          "context": "Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill , who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer . With such a small force , the invading Mongols were forced to change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt among Kuchlug 's supporters . As a result , Kuchlug 's army was defeated west of Kashgar . Kuchlug fled again , but was soon hunted down by Jebe 's army and executed . Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik , who played on North Korea 's 1966 World Cup soccer team , as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang . By 1218 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake",
            "arabian sea",
            "qara khitai",
            "caspian sea",
            "persian gulf",
            "khwarezmia",
            "kashgar",
            "balkhash",
            "khwarezmid empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bf135951b619008f7cea_m",
              "question": "Where did Jabi and his army beat kuklug first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "west of Kashgar",
                  "answer_start": 289
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Jebe's forces first defeat Kuchlug?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982e1_m",
              "question": "Who was the oldest quarterback in the super bowl before Manning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Elway",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Prior to Manning, who was the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-50_m",
          "context": ". , and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt . After the miss -- 7 lead . Carolina got off to another strong start after the kickoff . The first President of Cyprus , Makarios III , was an archbishop . Emperor Zhang 's -LRB- r. 75 -- 88 AD -RRB- reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house . But once again they came up empty . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "trevathan",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "graham gano",
            "broncos",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "t. j. ward",
            "corey brown",
            "ted ginn jr."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810_m",
              "question": "Who scored?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Graham Gano",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who hit the goal post on a field goal attempt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-13_m",
          "context": "Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season 's playoffs . , but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line , due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer , as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season . Although the team had a 7 -- 0 start . She also set up the García Torres Foundation , a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings , drawings , original writings , archives , objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs , magazines and publications related to him . In week 10 . , who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season . , however -- 7 against the 4 -- 20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed . Under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips , passing yards allowed and sacks , and like the previous three seasons , the team has continued to set numerous individual , league and franchise records . With the defense carrying the team despite the issues with the offense -- 4 record and earned home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "san diego chargers",
            "wade phillips",
            "john fox",
            "gary kubiak",
            "brock osweiler",
            "indianapolis colts",
            "nfl",
            "denver broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269_m",
              "question": "Who is Denver's defense coordinator?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wade Phillips",
                  "answer_start": 823
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is Denver's defensive coordinator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-174_m",
          "context": "In 1893 Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls. Over several years there had been a series of proposals and open competitions on how best to utilize power generated by the falls with many systems being proposed by several US and European companies including two-phase and three-phase AC, high-voltage DC, and even compressed air. Adams pumped Tesla for information about the current state of all the competing systems. Tesla advised Adams that a two-phased system would be the most reliable and that there was a Westinghouse system to light incandescent bulbs using two-phase alternating current. Based on Tesla's advice and Westinghouse's demonstration that they could build a complete AC system at the Columbian Exposition, a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls was awarded to Westinghouse Electric. A further contract to build the AC distribution system was awarded to General Electric.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1893",
            "several years",
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a_m",
              "question": "When did Richard Dean Adams ask him questions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1893",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Richard Dean Adams make his inquiry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1942_m",
          "context": "Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson , `` Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic , yet , still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father '' -LRB- King 2008 -RRB- . The United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life both of the child and the mother . As a result , the church is `` reluctant to affirm abortion as an acceptable practice , '' and condemns the use of late-term or partial birth abortion except as a medical necessity . The denomination as a whole is committed to `` assist -LSB- ing -RSB- the ministry of crisis pregnancy centers and pregnancy resource centers that compassionately help women find feasible alternatives to abortion . '' Still , the denomination is pro-choice and also `` was a founding member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice ... -LSB- and -RSB- 2008 General Conference -LSB- went -RSB- on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "religious coalition for reproductive choice"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0_m",
              "question": "Who is the founding member of UMNO?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice",
                  "answer_start": 813
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The UMC was a founding member of what coalition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-687_m",
          "context": "OPEC soon lost its preeminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries. Additionally, its own member nations were divided. Saudi Arabia, trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down, shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers. The world price, which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973 levels. This \"sale\" price was a windfall for oil-importing nations, both developing and developed.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
            "1981",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265e11708984140094c3bb_m",
              "question": "When will OPEC's oil production exceed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was OPEC production of oil being surpassed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1804_m",
          "context": "By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route.",
          "c_entity": [
            "lower lorraine",
            "archduke sigismund"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573009a004bcaa1900d77052_m",
              "question": "Who sold oberhaine to Burgundy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Archduke Sigismund",
                  "answer_start": 659
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who sold the Upper Rhine to Burgundy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-417_m",
          "context": "Despite the disagreements on the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following year",
            "1530"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8907faef23719006261b2_m",
              "question": "When was the Augsburg Confession signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1530",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Augsburg Confession signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1353_m",
          "context": "Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Its pilot , Feldwebel Robert Zehbe , landed , only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack . It was initially called `` New College '' or `` the college at New Towne '' . , the college became home for North America 's first known printing press , carried by the ship John of London . , the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard , who was an alumnus of the University of Cambridge . He had left the school £ 779 and his library of some 400 books . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1636",
            "1638",
            "1650",
            "1639"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2_m",
              "question": "When was the school founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1636",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the school formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1751_m",
          "context": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis , dating from 1859 , states that except for s = − 2 , − 4 , ... , all zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2 . The connection to prime numbers is that it essentially says that the primes are as regularly distributed as possible . His next directorial feature was the Raiders prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom . -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- From a physical viewpoint , it roughly states that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise . From a mathematical viewpoint , it roughly states that the asymptotic distribution of primes -LRB- about x/log x of numbers less than x are primes , the prime number theorem -RRB- also holds for much shorter intervals of length about the square root of x -LRB- for intervals near x -RRB- . The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers -LRB- mostly from the National Guard -RRB- under General Elwell Otis . This hypothesis is generally believed to be correct . In particular , the simplest assumption is that primes should have no significant irregularities without good reason .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1859"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57298ef11d0469140077952d_m",
              "question": "When was the Riemann hypothesis proposed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1859",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Riemann hypothesis proposed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-363_m",
          "context": "It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press. Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.",
          "c_entity": [
            "two months",
            "january 1518",
            "two weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8074faef2371900625d79_m",
              "question": "When did Luther's 95 papers translate into German?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1518",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Luther's 95 Theses translated into German?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1495_m",
          "context": "The Sarah Jane Adventures , starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith , was developed by CBBC . The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea , but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 -LRB- e.g. , Kronstadt Uprising , Tambov Rebellion , Basmachi Revolt , and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East -RRB- . , notable for -LRB- as noted above -RRB- featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart . A third in 2009 featured a crossover appearance from the main show by David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor . , a further such appearance featured Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning reprising her role as Jo Grant . A final .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008",
            "2009",
            "2010",
            "autumn 2011",
            "new year's day 2007",
            "a second",
            "early 2011",
            "24 september 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282f204b864d190016468c_m",
              "question": "When did the 10th doctor in the Sarah Jane series appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 559
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Tenth Doctor appear in the Sarah Jane series?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-46_m",
          "context": ". , but Carolina 's defense dug in over the next three plays . First , linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss . Then after an incompletion , forcing Denver to settle for a 3 . Burke 's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources . The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaq thompson",
            "panthers",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "thomas davis",
            "peyton manning",
            "andre caldwell",
            "brandon mcmanus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419_m",
              "question": "Who lost three meters in Shaq Thompson's attack?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ronnie Hillman",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who lost 3 yards on a tackle by Shaq Thompson?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-571_m",
          "context": "One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast.",
          "c_entity": [
            "netherlands",
            "rotterdam"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b_m",
              "question": "Where did he start teaching?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rotterdam",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did he begin teaching?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1453_m",
          "context": "In 1918 , J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light and changes in temperature . . There have since been nine further series in 2006 -- 2008 and 2010 -- 2015 , and Christmas Day specials every year since 2005 . On July 15 , 2006 , Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival , and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3 . No full series was filmed in 2009 . In 2010 . In January 2016 , to be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018 . In addition , Series 10 will debut in Spring 2017 , with a Christmas special broadcast in 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "davies",
            "steven moffat",
            "bbc",
            "david tennant",
            "chris chibnall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964_m",
              "question": "Who will become the new executive producer of who doctors in 2018?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chris Chibnall",
                  "answer_start": 598
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who will be the new executive producer of Doctor Who in 2018?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1319_m",
          "context": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project , giving an overall view of the project 's goals . Several D&B contractors present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals . The owner selects the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor . Often , it is not just one contractor , but a consortium of several contractors working together . Once these have been hired , they begin building the first phase of the project . As they build phase 1 , they design phase 2 . David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned by San Nicolas University in Morelia to paint a mural for a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of Hidalgo 's birth . This is in contrast to a design-bid-build contract , where the project is completely designed by the owner , then bid on , then completed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "d&b"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57275411dd62a815002e9b31_m",
              "question": "Who put forward different views on how to achieve the goal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "D&B contractors",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish goals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-134_m",
          "context": ". But a storm dispersed the fleet . After some searching , it was discovered that the boat carrying his sister and his fiancée Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus , together with the wrecks of several other ships , including the treasure ship . Later the perpetrator was revealed to be Anders Behring Breivik , a Norwegian nationalist . . On 1 May 1191 , Richard 's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol on Cyprus . . , so Richard landed his troops and took Limassol .",
          "c_entity": [
            "isaac komnenos",
            "messina",
            "berengaria",
            "richard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3f784396321400ee26fb_m",
              "question": "Who is Richard's fiance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Berengaria",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Richard's fiancee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1877_m",
          "context": "An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhadj. Taking advantage of economic failure and unpopular social liberalization and secularization by the ruling leftist-nationalist FLN government, it used its preaching to advocate the establishment of a legal system following Sharia law, economic liberalization and development program, education in Arabic rather than French, and gender segregation, with women staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men. The FIS won sweeping victories in local elections and it was going to win national elections in 1991 when voting was canceled by a military coup d'état.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1991",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f_m",
              "question": "When was FIS established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the FIS founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1543_m",
          "context": "The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner -- the executive producer and production leader -- and Simon Cowell as one of the judges , and was a big success with the viewing public . , `` the father of the hydrogen bomb '' Edward Teller .",
          "c_entity": [
            "maria goeppert-mayer",
            "subrahmanyan chandrasekhar",
            "enrico fermi",
            "robert a. millikan",
            "edward teller",
            "luis walter alvarez",
            "murray gell-mann",
            "a. a. michelson",
            "arthur h. compton",
            "tsung-dao lee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572872dd2ca10214002da381_m",
              "question": "Who else does the father of hydrogen bomb know?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward Teller",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is also known at the father of the hydrogen bomb?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1650_m",
          "context": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund , established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme -LRB- UNEP -RRB- and the World Meteorological Organization -LRB- WMO -RRB- , Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO , while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary . Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO , by UNEP , and by IPCC Members ; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel , which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget . Jonas Bronck -LRB- c. 1600 -- 43 -RRB- was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad , Norra Ljunga parish in Småland , Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639 . The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO . Relations between the Rus ' and Byzantines became more complex after Oleg took control over Kiev , reflecting commercial , cultural , and military concerns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293ca73f37b3190047815b_m",
              "question": "When was the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change trust fund established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the IPCC Trust Fund founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-351_m",
          "context": "In 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse. He was made to wake at four every morning for what has been described as \"a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises.\" He received his master's degree in 1505.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1505",
            "1501",
            "a day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a_m",
              "question": "When did Luther graduate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1505",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did Luther get his degree?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-50_m",
          "context": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play . Progress under Joe Royle continued in 1995 -- 96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership . . After the miss -- 7 lead . Carolina got off to another strong start after the kickoff . But once again they came up empty . . The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin , Jr. , who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "trevathan",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "graham gano",
            "broncos",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "t. j. ward",
            "corey brown",
            "ted ginn jr."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455_m",
              "question": "Who received Newton's 45 yard pass?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ted Ginn Jr.",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was on the receiving end of a 45-yard pass from Cam Newton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-576_m",
          "context": "The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water. It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston within a cylinder. It was employed for draining mine workings at depths hitherto impossible, and also for providing a reusable water supply for driving waterwheels at factories sited away from a suitable \"head\". Water that had passed over the wheel was pumped back up into a storage reservoir above the wheel.",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas newcomen",
            "papin",
            "savery"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6_m",
              "question": "Who designed the piston?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Papin",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who conceptualized the piston?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-992_m",
          "context": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851 , with which Henry Cole , the museum 's first director , was involved in planning ; initially it was known as the Museum of Manufactures . At this stage the collections covered both applied art and science . Several of the exhibits from the Exhibition were purchased to form the nucleus of the collection . By February 1854 discussions were underway to transfer the museum to the current site and it was renamed South Kensington Museum . , at the request of Cole , produced a design for the museum . The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self . The site was occupied by Brompton Park House ; this was extended including the first refreshment rooms opened in 1857 , the museum being the first in the world to provide such a facility .",
          "c_entity": [
            "somerset house",
            "board of trade",
            "henry cole",
            "museum of manufactures",
            "brompton park house",
            "marlborough house",
            "gottfried semper"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7574_m",
              "question": "Who is the first director of V & A?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Cole",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the V&A's first director?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1494_m",
          "context": ", the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood -LRB- an anagram of `` Doctor Who '' -RRB- , set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime . The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006 . . Two other actresses who appeared in Doctor Who also star in the series ; Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper , and Naoko Mori who reprised her role as Toshiko Sato first seen in `` Aliens of London '' . ; for three episodes , the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her Doctor Who role of Martha Jones . , and consisted of a single five-part story called Children of Earth which was set largely in London . A fourth series , Torchwood . In the early 15th century , France again came close to dissolving , but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc -LRB- d. 1431 -RRB- led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453 . The series was predominantly set in the United States , though Wales remained part of the show 's setting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "day",
            "2008",
            "2005",
            "10 july 2009",
            "a second",
            "22 october 2006",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572829532ca10214002d9fa3_m",
              "question": "When does Torchwood premiere?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 October 2006",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Torchwood premier?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-435_m",
          "context": ", Lutheran Church denominations have repudiated Martin Luther 's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans . A notable exception is James Sheptycki 's study of police cooperation in the English Channel region -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a description of how these transnational information and intelligence exchanges are transformed into police case-work . -- 65 found that , compared to the other minority groups under consideration , Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews . Nevertheless , Professor Richard -LRB- Dick -RRB- Geary , former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham , England , wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933 , where he claimed that from his research he found that the Nazis gained disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928-1933",
            "the 1980s",
            "1993",
            "1970"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38_m",
              "question": "When did the election produce a higher voice of Protestant Nazi sympathizers than Catholics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928-1933",
                  "answer_start": 844
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were the elections that produced a higher vote by Protestant Nazi sympathizers than by Catholics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-178_m",
          "context": "Starting in 1894 , Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy of `` invisible '' kinds after he had noticed damaged film in his laboratory in previous experiments -LRB- later identified as `` Roentgen rays '' or `` X-Rays '' -RRB- . His early experiments were with Crookes tubes , a cold cathode electrical discharge tube . Soon after , much of Tesla 's early research -- hundreds of invention models , plans , notes , laboratory data , tools , photographs , valued at $ 50,000 . Tesla is quoted by The New York Times as saying , `` I am in too much grief to talk . What can I say ? '' Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins -LRB- 1938 -RRB- , there is no general federal common law . Gunde Shapur , home of the Academy of Gunde Shapur which was the most important medical center of the world at the time , survived after the invasion , but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter . Tesla may have inadvertently captured an X-ray image -- predating -- when he tried to photograph Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube , an earlier type of gas discharge tube . The only thing captured in the image was the metal locking screw on the camera lens. : 134",
          "c_entity": [
            "1894",
            "a few weeks",
            "march 1895",
            "december 1895"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8_m",
              "question": "When Tesla died, did he try to understand invisible radiation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When die Tesla turn his attention to trying to understand invisible radiant energy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-761_m",
          "context": "While the Treaties and Regulations will have direct effect -LRB- if clear , unconditional and immediate -RRB- , Directives do not generally give citizens -LRB- as opposed to the member state -RRB- standing to sue other citizens . A year after winning the championship , on 30 July 1930 , Gamper committed suicide after a period of depression brought on by personal and financial problems . In theory , this is because TFEU article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states and usually `` leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods '' to implement . In part this reflects that directives often create minimum standards , leaving member states to apply higher standards . For example . However , citizens have standing to make claims based on national laws that implement Directives , but not from Directives themselves . Directives do not have so called `` horizontal '' direct effect -LRB- i.e. between non-state parties -RRB- . This view was instantly controversial , and in the early 1990s three Advocate Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens . On July 1 , 2014 , the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms , apparel , equipment , and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years . The Court of Justice refused , but there are five large exceptions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "more than 28 days",
            "current",
            "at least 4 weeks",
            "the early 1990s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15_m",
              "question": "When did the three general advocates come up with a directive to create rights and obligations for all citizens?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1990s",
                  "answer_start": 1015
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-222_m",
          "context": "The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial , in the Ciudad Vieja , has preserved collections of the archaeological finds from excavations carried out by Uruguayan archaeologist Antonio Taddei . The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world , and Oklahoma City 's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier . Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches -LRB- 1.88 m -RRB- tall and weighed 142 pounds -LRB- 64 kg -RRB- , with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926 . : 292 He was an elegant , stylish figure in New York City , meticulous in his grooming , clothing , and regimented in his daily activities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york city"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b_m",
              "question": "Where did he live when he looked good?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York City",
                  "answer_start": 645
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did he live while he was looking good?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-848_m",
          "context": "This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- After decades of neglect and suburban flight , the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s , which at that time showed second and third run movies , along with classic films . In 1948 , Eisenhower became President of Columbia University , an Ivy League university in New York City . Roger Rocka 's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978 , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- at Olive and Wishon Avenues . Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student . . When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother 's close proximity promised `` torment for many years '' , Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage , which Victoria called a `` schocking -LSB- sic -RSB- alternative '' . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fresno",
            "tower",
            "broadway",
            "new york city",
            "district"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da_m",
              "question": "Where is odla McDonald from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fresno",
                  "answer_start": 652
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is Audra McDonald from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1167_m",
          "context": "In the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire. However, Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar, attacked the caravan that came from Mongolia, claiming that the caravan contained spies and therefore was a conspiracy against Khwarezmia. The situation became further complicated because the governor later refused to make repayments for the looting of the caravans and handing over the perpetrators. Genghis Khan then sent again a second group of three ambassadors (two Mongols and a Muslim) to meet the Shah himself instead of the governor Inalchuq. The Shah had all the men shaved and the Muslim beheaded and sent his head back with the two remaining ambassadors. This was seen as an affront and insult to Genghis Khan. Outraged, Genghis Khan planned one of his largest invasion campaigns by organizing together around 100,000 soldiers (10 tumens), his most capable generals and some of his sons. He left a commander and number of troops in China, designated his successors to be his family members and likely appointed Ögedei to be his immediate successor and then went out to Khwarezmia.",
          "c_entity": [
            "genghis khan",
            "inalchuq",
            "shah ala ad-din muhammad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77_m",
              "question": "Who ordered the attack on the caravan from Genghis Khan to hevarezmia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Inalchuq",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the attack on the caravan of traders Genghis Khan send to Khwarezmia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1091_m",
          "context": "On the television side . , David Wolper and Steven Spielberg -LRB- the latter of whom gained early success through the showcase for his 1971 film Duel -RRB- that were produced on an average budget of $ 400,000 -- $ 450,000 . , The Brady Bunch and The Partridge Family . Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710 , the Stationers ' Company of London in 1557 , received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 1969",
            "1960s",
            "the week",
            "1971",
            "1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a_m",
              "question": "When was Steven Spielberg's first debut?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Steven Spielberg movie Duel first debut?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1922_m",
          "context": "One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer. ",
          "c_entity": [
            "woodrow wilson",
            "american geographical society",
            "isiah bowman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704_m",
              "question": "Who was the director of the American Geographic Society in 1914?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isiah Bowman",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-144_m",
          "context": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and French Revolution in the 18th successively destroyed much of what existed in the way of the architectural and artistic remnant of this Norman creativity . Eisenhower stated that he `` gave -LSB- himself -RSB- an order '' to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia . Richard set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands , titles and appointments , and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire . The former , with their violence , caused the wanton destruction of many Norman edifices ; the latter , with its assault on religion , caused the purposeful destruction of religious objects of any type , and its destabilisation of society resulted in rampant pillaging .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 16th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2_m",
              "question": "When was the religious war in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16th century",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were the French wars of religion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-121_m",
          "context": "Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition , and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it . The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185 , when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium , owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials . Some time later , Dyrrachium -- one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic -- fell again to Byzantine hands . In 2015 the Nivaga III was donated by the government of Japan ; it replaced the Nivaga II , which had serviced Tuvalu from 1989 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adriatic"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4_m",
              "question": "Where is dyrrachium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Adriatic",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Dyrrachium located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-323_m",
          "context": "Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers, said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape \"is a real anomaly in the law that we are concerned about.\" This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups. Fears of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession. This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "national association of schoolmasters union of women teachers",
            "chris keates"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9_m",
              "question": "Who is the Secretary General of the National Federation of female teachers and principals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chris Keates",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the general secretary for the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-161_m",
          "context": "Over 99 % of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a subspecies indigenous to south-central Chile , Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum , where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago . In January 1880 , two of Tesla 's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study . Unfortunately , he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University ; he never studied Greek , a required subject ; and he was illiterate in Czech , another required subject . Tesla did , however , attend lectures at the university , although , as an auditor , he did not receive grades for the courses .",
          "c_entity": [
            "prague"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7_m",
              "question": "Where did Tesla go when he left gospike?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prague",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Tesla go upon leaving Gospic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1164_m",
          "context": "In 1211 , after the conquest of Western Xia . . Instead , the Jin commander sent a messenger , Ming-Tan , to the Mongol side . At this engagement fought at Badger Pass the Mongols massacred hundreds of thousands of Jin troops . , captured , and sacked the Jin capital of Zhongdu -LRB- modern-day Beijing -RRB- . . Between 1232 and 1233 . Shortly afterwards , the federal government sent an entourage led by Treviño ; Casavantes was immediately ordered to resign his position . The Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234 , after the siege of Caizhou .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "xuanzong",
            "genghis khan",
            "ming-tan",
            "ögedei khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c_m",
              "question": "Who is the sinner of the Jin Dynasty who betrayed the Jin army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ming-Tan",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Jin dynasty defector who betrayed the location of the Jin army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-53_m",
          "context": ". . Anderson was the game 's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown , along with four receptions for 10 yards . , 2 1/2 sacks , and two forced fumbles . . , a fumble recovery , and an interception . , making him perfect on all 11 attempts during the post-season . , with one interception . He was also the team 's leading rusher with 45 yards on six carries . . In January 1871 , Gambetta forced Faidherbe to march his army beyond the fortresses and engage the Prussians in open battle . , three sacks , a forced fumble , a fumble recovery , and an interception . , a sack , and a forced fumble . , despite playing just two weeks after breaking his right arm in the NFC title game .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "brown",
            "ward",
            "charles johnson",
            "anderson",
            "ealy",
            "sanders",
            "luke kuechly",
            "thomas davis",
            "ware",
            "ginn",
            "miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6_m",
              "question": "Who is the main character of the game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anderson",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the game's leading rusher?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-102_m",
          "context": ". A number of vehicles have been assembled there over the decades , including the Warszawa , Syrena . The last two models listed were also sent abroad and assembled in a number of other countries , including Egypt and Colombia . Stoicism , founded by Zeno of Citium , taught that virtue was sufficient for eudaimonia as it would allow one to live in accordance with Nature or Logos . , which assembled the Tico , Espero , Nubia , Tacuma , Leganza . In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ , a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo . The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011 and has since not been renewed . Currently the company is defunct .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fso",
            "daewoo",
            "avtozaz",
            "fiat",
            "matiz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573383d0d058e614000b5c38_m",
              "question": "Who bought the factory in 2005?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "AvtoZAZ",
                  "answer_start": 481
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who bought the factory in 2005?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-428_m",
          "context": "Luther's other major works on the Jews were his 60,000-word treatise Von den Juden und Ihren Lügen (On the Jews and Their Lies), and Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi (On the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543, three years before his death. Luther argued that the Jews were no longer the chosen people but \"the devil's people\", and referred to them with violent, vile language. Citing Deuteronomy 13, wherein Moses commands the killing of idolaters and the burning of their cities and property as an offering to God, Luther called for a \"scharfe Barmherzigkeit\" (\"sharp mercy\") against the Jews \"to see whether we might save at least a few from the glowing flames.\" Luther advocated setting synagogues on fire, destroying Jewish prayerbooks, forbidding rabbis from preaching, seizing Jews' property and money, and smashing up their homes, so that these \"envenomed worms\" would be forced into labour or expelled \"for all time\". In Robert Michael's view, Luther's words \"We are at fault in not slaying them\" amounted to a sanction for murder. \"God's anger with them is so intense,\" Luther concluded, \"that gentle mercy will only tend to make them worse, while sharp mercy will reform them but little. Therefore, in any case, away with them!\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "three years",
            "1543"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06_m",
              "question": "When was this great work published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1543",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the large work published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-499_m",
          "context": "In the autumn of 1991 , from the 1992 season . ITV were the current rights holders , and fought hard to retain the new rights . Carr further stated that , for a long time , the primary motive of Stalin 's sudden change of course was assumed to be the fear of German aggressive intentions . Through Victoria 's reign , the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued . ITV had increased its offer from £ 18m to £ 34m per year to keep control of the rights . . , would give them a monopoly of all live matches , up to 60 per year from the 1992 season . , providing a strong customer base . A few weeks after the deal , ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken . . A few days later neither action took effect , ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £ 262m bid .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bskyb",
            "itv",
            "rupert murdoch",
            "premier league",
            "bbc",
            "office of fair trading",
            "the autumn of 1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096e1ced30961900e84103_m",
              "question": "Who is the current primary league right?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ITV",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who were the current rights holders for the Primer League?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-521_m",
          "context": "Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn . Politically . At state level . . The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria , currently Linda Dessau . In part he was following in the tradition of Henry I and Henry II , but by the 13th century the volume of administrative work had greatly increased , which put much more pressure on a king who wished to rule in this style . Local government is concentrated in 79 municipal districts , including 33 cities , although a number of unincorporated areas still exist , which are administered directly by the state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "house of representatives",
            "labor party",
            "legislative council",
            "parliament of victoria",
            "senate",
            "legislative assembly",
            "linda dessau",
            "daniel andrews"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1_m",
              "question": "Who is the current governor of Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Linda Dessau",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the current Governor of Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1016_m",
          "context": ". Casavantes took the state capital and occupied it briefly ; he was also successful in forcing Governor Trías to exile . Illuminated manuscripts in the library dating from the 12th to 16th centuries include : the Eadwine Psalter -LSB- citation needed -RSB- ; Pocket Book of Hours , Reims ; Missal from the Royal Abbey of Saint Denis , Paris ; 1524 Charter illuminated by Lucas Horenbout , London , Rouen . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lucas horenbout",
            "bruges",
            "simon marmion book of hours",
            "beatrix potter",
            "joan",
            "charles dickens",
            "william morris",
            "canterbury",
            "royal abbey of"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a_m",
              "question": "Who created the inspiration of the 1524 charter in the archives of V & a library?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lucas Horenbout",
                  "answer_start": 372
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who produced the illumination for the 1524 Charter that is in the V&A library archive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1998_m",
          "context": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia was an investor in the Ohio Company, which stood to lose money if the French held their claim. To counter the French military presence in Ohio, in October 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory. Washington left with a small party, picking up along the way Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter; Christopher Gist, a company surveyor working in the area; and a few Mingo led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf.",
          "c_entity": [
            "21-year-old",
            "december 12",
            "october 1753"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ef47d058e614000b662e_m",
              "question": "When did Washington get to dalbergh?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 12",
                  "answer_start": 573
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1926_m",
          "context": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley in England as well as the Great Awakening in the United States. As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1968",
            "the 19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730982f396df919000961e4_m",
              "question": "When was it founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the UMC founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-601_m",
          "context": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump , developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery . It used condensing steam to create a vacuum which was used to raise water from below , then it used steam pressure to raise it higher . In 1793 during the French Revolution , the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a `` Temple to Reason '' and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars . Small engines were effective though larger models were problematic . They proved only to have a limited lift height and were prone to boiler explosions . It received some use in mines , pumping stations and for supplying water wheels used to power textile machinery . An attractive feature of the Savery engine was its low cost . Both Cook and Archuleta had some success as recording artists with both selling over a million albums in the U.S. Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery 's construction `` to render it capable of working itself '' . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1820",
            "1751",
            "the late 18th century",
            "1698"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115b2850c2381900b54a81_m",
              "question": "When was the first commercial steam engine invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1698",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first commercial steam powered device invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1176_m",
          "context": "This letter shows clearly his stand that accepting Jesus is the Divine Son of God is not optional but necessary ; `` I know moreover that not only this thing saddens you , but also the fact that while others have obtained the churches by violence , you are meanwhile cast out from your places . In 1227 , seizing Lintiao-fu , Xining province , Xindu-fu , and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring . At Deshun , the Tangut general Ma Jianlong put up a fierce resistance for several days and personally led charges against the invaders outside the city gate . Ma Jianlong later died from wounds received from arrows in battle . In 1897 , Frank Shuman , a U.S. inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether , which has a lower boiling point than water , and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine . Genghis Khan , went to Liupanshan -LRB- Qingshui County , Gansu Province -RRB- to escape the severe summer . , and the rest of the Tanguts officially surrendered soon after . Not happy with their betrayal and resistance , Genghis Khan ordered the entire imperial family to be executed , effectively ending the Tangut lineage .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "deshun",
            "genghis khan",
            "ma jianlong",
            "ning hia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272dd55951b619008f8698_m",
              "question": "Who was the general of Tang Dynasty fighting with Genghis Khan in Deshun?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ma Jianlong",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Tangut general who fought Genghis Khan at Deshun?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1993_m",
          "context": "In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory, and construct a fort for their protection. But, as the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750 Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians, through their \"Half-King\" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative, agreed to terms that included permission to build a \"strong house\" at the mouth of the Monongahela River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and kept it as hunting ground by right of conquest.",
          "c_entity": [
            "christopher gist",
            "tanacharison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e5a14776f4190066145d_m",
              "question": "Who studied Ohio in 1750?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christopher Gist",
                  "answer_start": 393
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who explored Ohio territory in 1750?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1050_m",
          "context": ", separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . , after purchasing an 80 % interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's parent merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In May 2006 , then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act . , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company . `` I did n't really want to get involved in the war '' , Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 12, 1943",
            "the mid-1950s",
            "the walt disney company",
            "1948",
            "1996",
            "the 1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267ca75951b619008f746b_m",
              "question": "When did ABC first appear on TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did ABC first get in to television broadcasts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-173_m",
          "context": "In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a key event in the history of AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public. At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the \"Tesla Polyphase System\", Tesla demonstrated a series of electrical effects previously performed throughout America and Europe,:76 included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79 An observer noted:",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "chicago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6_m",
              "question": "Where was the exhibition held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the Exposition take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-101_m",
          "context": ". It was re-established in April 1991 , following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy . , the Warsaw Stock Exchange -LRB- WSE -RRB- is , according to many indicators , the largest market in the region . New Armies were organized , but the ambitious Hundred Days ' Reform of 1898 was turned back by Empress Dowager Cixi , a ruthless but capable leader . However , in Western Islamic lands , where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment , madaris were not as popular . , the stock exchange was , ironically .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "2000",
            "previously",
            "1817",
            "april 1991",
            "31 august 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733834ed058e614000b5c28_m",
              "question": "When did the Warsaw stock exchange come back to life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 1991",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Warsaw's stock exchange brought back to life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-534_m",
          "context": "Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 \"villes de sûreté\" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Even before the Edict of Alès (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sûreté was no more.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1598",
            "1629",
            "1622"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3_m",
              "question": "When was the announcement released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1629",
                  "answer_start": 470
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was this proclamation issued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-95_m",
          "context": "It gave her 20 % royalties from the music proceedings , one of the highest rates in the industry , equaled at that time only by Michael Jackson 's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony . , c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw -- only 420,000 . , the population growth was c. 6 % , so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses . The first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement -LRB- 1951 -RRB- -- but the city authorities were still forced to introduce residency registration limitations : only the spouses and children of the permanent residents as well as some persons of public importance -LRB- like renowned specialists -RRB- were allowed to get the registration . It also bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles that Varsovians thought of themselves as better only because they lived in the capital . Madonna granted American TV show Glee the rights to her entire catalogue of music , and the producers planned an episode featuring Madonna songs exclusively . Unfortunately this belief still lives on in Poland -LRB- although not as much as it used to be -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1951",
            "1945",
            "the following years",
            "the first years",
            "1990",
            "1939"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd_m",
              "question": "When did the expansion of Warsaw begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1951",
                  "answer_start": 448
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Warsaw area enlargement take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-943_m",
          "context": "During the English Civil War , the North declared for the King . In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne , the Scots , captured the town of Newburn . In 1644 the Scots then captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe in South Shields following a siege . . The grateful King bestowed the motto `` Fortiter Defendit Triumphans '' -LRB- `` Triumphing by a brave defence '' -RRB- upon the town . Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646 -- 7 . His cultural advisor , the Zen monk Zeami , introduced tea ceremony to him .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cromwell",
            "scots",
            "newcastle",
            "charles"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438_m",
              "question": "Who did the Scots arrest in Newcastle from 1646 to 1647?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles I",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646 through 1647?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1964_m",
          "context": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley , a priest of the Church of England , because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments . Joshua H. Bean , the last alcalde of San Diego , was elected the first mayor . Today , the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders and deacons and are appointed to various ministries . Elders in the United Methodist Church itenerate and are subject to the authority and appointment of their bishops . They generally serve as pastors in local congregations . Deacons are in service ministry and may serve as musicians , liturgists , educators , business administrators , and a number of other areas . On 16 March 1934 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act , which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen . Elders and deacons are required to obtain a master 's degree -LRB- generally an M.Div . -RRB- , or another equivalent degree , before commissioning and then ultimately ordination . Elders in full connection are each a member of their Annual Conference Order of Elders . Likewise each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john wesley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94_m",
              "question": "Who appointed the first Methodist clergy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Wesley",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-155_m",
          "context": "Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins -LRB- 1938 -RRB- , there is no general federal common law . , Tesla moved to Karlovac , to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium , where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić. : 32 The classes were held in German , as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier . Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head , which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating . , graduating in 1873 . : 33",
          "c_entity": [
            "1870",
            "four-year",
            "three years",
            "1873"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa24a38dc421700152146_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla graduate from real high school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 499
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did Tesla graduate from the Higher Real Gymnasium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-50_m",
          "context": ". , and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt . After the miss -- 7 lead . Carolina got off to another strong start after the kickoff . But once again they came up empty . Later the Egyptians ended up killing Uthman ibn al-Affan . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "trevathan",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "graham gano",
            "broncos",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "t. j. ward",
            "corey brown",
            "ted ginn jr."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456_m",
              "question": "Who missed a shot from the Panthers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Graham Gano",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who missed a field goal for the Panthers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-992_m",
          "context": "The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue `` an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway '' as a starting point , where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room . The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851 , with which Henry Cole , the museum 's first director , was involved in planning , first opening in May 1852 at Marlborough House , but by September had been transferred to Somerset House . At this stage the collections covered both applied art and science . Several of the exhibits from the Exhibition were purchased to form the nucleus of the collection . . In 1855 the German architect Gottfried Semper , at the request of Cole , produced a design for the museum , but it was rejected by the Board of Trade as too expensive . ; this was extended including the first refreshment rooms opened in 1857 , the museum being the first in the world to provide such a facility .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south",
            "kensington",
            "somerset house",
            "board of trade",
            "museum of manufactures",
            "brompton park house",
            "marlborough house"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572685cd5951b619008f7576_m",
              "question": "Where did V & a move from the original location of Marlboro building?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Somerset House",
                  "answer_start": 498
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the V&A transferred to from its original location at Marlborough House?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1869_m",
          "context": "Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik , who played on North Korea 's 1966 World Cup soccer team , as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang . These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam 's defeat either , since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom . , and increasing aid to Islamic groups -LRB- Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups -RRB- that did not , but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced . , a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden 's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack . The most important pieces are the Circus Scene , the 64m long Great Hunting Scene , the Little Hunt , the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls , showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saudi arabia",
            "egypt",
            "palestinian-israeli",
            "algeria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573010fab2c2fd14005687da_m",
              "question": "Where the hell did the civil war break out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algeria",
                  "answer_start": 580
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did a bloody civil war break out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1451_m",
          "context": "The BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1. Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell, controller of BBC 1. Although (as series co-star Sophie Aldred reported in the documentary Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS) it was effectively, if not formally, cancelled with the decision not to commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990, the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jonathan powell",
            "sophie aldred",
            "bbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45_m",
              "question": "Who finished the series in 1989?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Powell",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who ended the series in 1989?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-601_m",
          "context": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery. It used condensing steam to create a vacuum which was used to raise water from below, then it used steam pressure to raise it higher. Small engines were effective though larger models were problematic. They proved only to have a limited lift height and were prone to boiler explosions. It received some use in mines, pumping stations and for supplying water wheels used to power textile machinery. An attractive feature of the Savery engine was its low cost. Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction \"to render it capable of working itself\", as described by John Smeaton in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751. It continued to be manufactured until the late 18th century. One engine was still known to be operating in 1820.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john smeaton",
            "thomas savery"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115b2850c2381900b54a83_m",
              "question": "Who wrote it in the philosophy book \"saving water pump\" in 1751?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Smeaton",
                  "answer_start": 698
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote of the Savery water pump in 1751's Philosophical Transactions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-599_m",
          "context": "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. . The historical measure of a steam engine 's energy efficiency was its `` duty '' . The concept of duty was first introduced by Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen designs . Duty is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel -LRB- 94 pounds -RRB- of coal . The best examples of Newcomen designs had a duty of about 7 million , but most were closer to 5 million . Watt 's original low-pressure designs were able to deliver duty as high as 25 million , but averaged about 17 . This was a three-fold improvement over the average Newcomen design . Early Watt engines equipped with high-pressure steam improved this to 65 million .",
          "c_entity": [
            "watt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571156152419e3140095559c_m",
              "question": "Who invented the steam engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Watt",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who invented the notion of a steam engine's duty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-9_m",
          "context": "For the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl. The Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15–1 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four teams to have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl. The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII, while the Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
          "c_entity": [
            "carolina panthers",
            "john fox",
            "denver broncos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052_m",
              "question": "Who trained every Super Bowl 50 player in the last Super Bowl game before Super Bowl 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Fox",
                  "answer_start": 636
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who coached each Super Bowl 50 participant in their most recent Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-422_m",
          "context": "Early in 1537 , Johannes Agricola -LRB- 1494 -- 1566 -RRB- -- serving at the time as pastor in Luther 's birthplace , Eisleben -- preached a sermon in which he claimed that God 's gospel , not God 's moral law -LRB- the Ten Commandments -RRB- , revealed God 's wrath to Christians . Based on this sermon and others by Agricola . The effort was a long struggle ; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate , and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President . These theses asserted that the law is no longer to be taught to Christians but belonged only to city hall . , four of which became the basis for disputations between 1538 and 1540 . He also responded to these assertions in other writings , and his book On the Councils and the Church from the same year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "on the councils",
            "johannes agricola",
            "c. güttel against the antinomians",
            "the same year",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c_m",
              "question": "Who does Luther think is behind the anti Semitic papers circulated by Wittenberg?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johannes Agricola",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Luther think was behind the antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1974_m",
          "context": "The United Methodist Church has since 1985 been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000 to carry out work on such a merger. In May 2012, The United Methodist Church entered into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, African Union Methodist Protestant Church, Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, and Union American Methodist Episcopal Church, in which these Churches agreed to \"recognize each other's churches, share sacraments, and affirm their clergy and ministries.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "2000",
            "may 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4_m",
              "question": "When was the general method cooperation and alliance committee established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1501_m",
          "context": "Doctor Who books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day . From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes ; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched , the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures . Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005 , a new range of novels have been published by BBC Books . Numerous non-fiction books about the series , including guidebooks and critical studies , have also been published , and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979 . This is published by Panini , as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans . A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria 's removal , and Radical MPs spoke against her . The town 's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests , following the temporary seizure of St. John 's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bbc books"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572836732ca10214002da0e0_m",
              "question": "Who started publishing doctoral novels in 2005?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BBC Books",
                  "answer_start": 406
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who began publishing Doctor Who novels in 2005?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-507_m",
          "context": "The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon , Rhodes , and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia , Antioch , Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum . Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold . . Although there was some racism directed at them , there was not the level of anti-Chinese violence that was seen at the Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales . However . Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ireland",
            "buckland",
            "bendigo",
            "victoria",
            "new south wales",
            "valley",
            "china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48_m",
              "question": "Where did the lamb apartment riot take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New South Wales",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where were the Lambing Flat riots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-676_m",
          "context": "In 1973, Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office, a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo. Simon allocated states the same amount of domestic oil for 1974 that each had consumed in 1972, which worked for states whose populations were not increasing. In other states, lines at gasoline stations were common. The American Automobile Association reported that in the last week of February 1974, 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the last week of february 1974",
            "1972",
            "1973"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff_m",
              "question": "When was Nixon elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 1973",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was he elected by Nixon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1173_m",
          "context": "After the defeat of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1220 . , the Mongol army was split into two forces . . . . Heading home , Subutai 's forces attacked the allied forces of the Cuman -- Kipchaks and the poorly coordinated 80,000 Kievan Rus ' troops led by Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev who went out to stop the Mongols ' actions in the area . Subutai sent emissaries to the Slavic princes calling for a separate peace , but the emissaries were executed . At the Battle of Kalka River in 1223 , Subutai 's forces defeated the larger Kievan force . They also may have fought against the neighboring Volga Bulgars . There is no historical record except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir . There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area , with three more currently in construction , accommodating the growing Muslim population , the first one being Masjid Bilal . At Qastal , near Amman , excavations in 2000 uncovered the earliest known Umayyad mosaics in present-day Jordan , dating probably from the caliphate of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan -LRB- 685 -- 705 -RRB- . Various historical secondary sources - Morgan , Chambers , Grousset - state that the Mongols actually defeated the Bulgars , Chambers even going so far as to say that the Bulgars had made up stories to tell the -LRB- recently crushed -RRB- Russians that they had beaten the Mongols and driven them from their territory . The Russian princes then sued for peace . Subutai agreed but was in no mood to pardon the princes . As was customary in Mongol society for nobility , the Russian princes were given a bloodless death . Subutai had a large wooden platform constructed on which he ate his meals along with his other generals . Six Russian princes , including Mstislav III of Kiev , were put under this platform and crushed to death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "armenia",
            "caffa",
            "kalka",
            "caucasus",
            "georgia",
            "azerbaijan",
            "black sea",
            "mosul",
            "afghanistan",
            "subutai",
            "india",
            "crimea",
            "persia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049_m",
              "question": "Where is the Kiev army that defeated the sobtai army in 1223?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kalka River",
                  "answer_start": 490
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the Kievian force that confronted Subutai's army defeated in 1223?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-804_m",
          "context": "To accurately map the Amazon 's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions , the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest is crucial . He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ , the `` eolomelodicon '' , and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles . Several years later , in 88 BC , a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power , king Mithridates of Pontus . In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories : -LRB- 1 -RRB- mature forest , -LRB- 2 -RRB- regenerating forest -LSB- less than three years -RSB- , -LRB- 3 -RRB- regenerating forest -LSB- between three and five years of regrowth -RSB- , and -LRB- 4 -RRB- regenerating forest -LSB- eleven to eighteen years of continued development -RSB- . The researcher used a combination of Synthetic aperture radar -LRB- SAR -RRB- and Thematic Mapper -LRB- TM -RRB- to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tatiana kuplich"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d_m",
              "question": "Who divides Amazon trees into four categories?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tatiana Kuplich",
                  "answer_start": 493
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1968_m",
          "context": "At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as \"provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon\" for those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders. The provisional elder/deacon is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned. During this two or three-year period, the provisional elder is granted sacramental ministry in their local appointment. For the first time in its history non-ordained pastors became a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry.",
          "c_entity": [
            "two-three-year",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6_m",
              "question": "When was the transition deacon arrangement abolished?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "-- 1 record , and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- . -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed_m",
              "question": "Who is the most valuable player in NFL this year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cam Newton",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was this season's NFL MVP?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1528_m",
          "context": "The University of Chicago has been the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics, the university has played an important role in shaping ideas about the free market and is the namesake of the Chicago school of economics, the school of economic thought supported by Milton Friedman and other economists. The university's sociology department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the Chicago school of sociology. In physics, the university was the site of the Chicago Pile-1 (the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction, part of the Manhattan Project), of Robert Millikan's oil-drop experiment that calculated the charge of the electron, and of the development of radiocarbon dating by Willard F. Libby in 1947. The chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the Miller–Urey experiment, was conducted at the university. REM sleep was discovered at the university in 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1953",
            "1947"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd_m",
              "question": "When is REM sleep detected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 975
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was REM sleep discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-51_m",
          "context": "Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century , to study them , writing that in the mountains he found the `` theatre of the Lord '' . Schwarzenegger 's endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain 's campaign ; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy . There would be no more scoring in the third quarter , but early in the fourth . On the next play , Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning 's hand as he was winding up for a pass , and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line . , cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16 -- 10 . The next three drives of the game would end in punts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "devin funchess",
            "gano",
            "broncos",
            "stewart",
            "ealy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f_m",
              "question": "Who found out Manning had missed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ealy",
                  "answer_start": 427
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who recovered a Manning fumble?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1179_m",
          "context": "Jochi died in 1226, during his father's lifetime. Some scholars, notably Ratchnevsky, have commented on the possibility that Jochi was secretly poisoned by an order from Genghis Khan. Rashid al-Din reports that the great Khan sent for his sons in the spring of 1223, and while his brothers heeded the order, Jochi remained in Khorasan. Juzjani suggests that the disagreement arose from a quarrel between Jochi and his brothers in the siege of Urgench. Jochi had attempted to protect Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief. He concludes his story with the clearly apocryphal statement by Jochi: \"Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands. I would be doing a service if I killed my father when he is hunting, made an alliance with Sultan Muhammad, brought this land to life and gave assistance and support to the Muslims.\" Juzjani claims that it was in response to hearing of these plans that Genghis Khan ordered his son secretly poisoned; however, as Sultan Muhammad was already dead in 1223, the accuracy of this story is questionable.",
          "c_entity": [
            "khorasan",
            "urgench"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727311d5951b619008f86ac_m",
              "question": "Where was Josh after Genghis Khan called his sons in the spring of 1223?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Khorasan",
                  "answer_start": 326
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Jochi remain after Genghis Khan sent for his sons in the spring of 1223?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1996_m",
          "context": "Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek . In the spring of 1753 , Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians . His orders were to protect the King 's land in the Ohio Valley from the British . , Marin constructed and garrisoned forts . He first constructed Fort Presque Isle -LRB- near present-day Erie , Pennsylvania -RRB- on Lake Erie 's south shore . . Marin constructed a second fort at Fort Le Boeuf -LRB- present-day Waterford , Pennsylvania -RRB- . As he moved south , he drove off or captured British traders , alarming both the British and the Iroquois . , who were remnants of Iroquois and other tribes who had been driven west by colonial expansion . He intensely disliked the French -LRB- whom he accused of killing and eating his father -RRB- . , he threatened the French with military action , which Marin contemptuously dismissed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fort le boeuf",
            "céloron",
            "paul marin de la malgue",
            "leboeuf creek",
            "tanaghrisson",
            "mingo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ea04d058e614000b6594_m",
              "question": "Who took over the French command in the spring of 1753?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Marin de la Malgue",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who took command of French in spring of 1753?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1754_m",
          "context": "For a long time , number theory in general , and the study of prime numbers in particular , was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics , with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly . In particular , number theorists such as British mathematician G. H. Hardy prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance . However , this vision was shattered in the 1970s , when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms . After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936 , Italian Eritrea -LRB- enlarged with northern Ethiopia 's regions -RRB- and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa -LRB- Africa Orientale Italiana -RRB- administrative territory . Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57299326af94a219006aa517_m",
              "question": "When did you find that prime numbers can be used to create public cryptographic algorithms?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 496
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was it discovered that prime numbers could applied to the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1615_m",
          "context": "However this etymology connects the name Hellenes with the Dorians who occupied Epirus and the relation with the name Greeks given by the Romans becomes uncertain . , US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip . Later in the summer . In July 2015 Obama visited Kenya , as the first American president to visit the country while in office .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william ruto",
            "barack obama",
            "kenyatta",
            "xi jinping",
            "international criminal court"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a47_m",
              "question": "Who decided not to visit the country in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "US President Barack Obama",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who decided not to come visit the country in 2013?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-80_m",
          "context": "Warsaw was occupied by Germany from 4 August 1915 until November 1918. The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw. Germany did so, and underground leader Piłsudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic, with Warsaw the capital. In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920, the huge Battle of Warsaw was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city in which the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated. Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the \"export of the revolution\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "piłsudski",
            "red army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332b66d058e614000b575a_m",
              "question": "Who established the second Polish Republic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "underground leader Piłsudski",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who set up what became the Second Polish Republic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1884_m",
          "context": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will \"facilitate\" a \"change of the government,\" i.e., launch a \"bloodless\" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in 1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt, and is now banned in both countries. But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jordan",
            "egypt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8_m",
              "question": "Where didn't HT have a bloody coup in 1974?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Egypt",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did HT fail to pull off a bloodless coup in 1974?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-672_m",
          "context": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts. The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies, even in rugged terrain such as the Arctic. Finding oil and developing new fields usually required five to ten years before significant production.",
          "c_entity": [
            "us",
            "arctic",
            "u.s."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1_m",
              "question": "Where did the oil companies increase their oil supply as a result of the oil crisis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arctic",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The oil crisis caused oil companies to increase oil supplies in which area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1597_m",
          "context": "In 1957 H. Becker developed a `` Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes '' . . Others say that this was -- on the contrary -- a very precise notation of a correct African pronunciation / ˈkɛnjə / . An 1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons , a Scottish geologist and naturalist , indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia , 1862 . Controversy over the actual meaning of the word Kenya notwithstanding , it is clear that the mountain 's name became widely accepted , pars pro toto , as the name of the country .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mt. kenia",
            "ludwig krapf",
            "joseph thompsons",
            "kegnia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f9342ca10214002dab54_m",
              "question": "Who is Scottish geologist and whose name is Kenyan mountain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Thompsons",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Scottish geologist that named Mt Kenya as Mt Kenia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-15_m",
          "context": ", and fourth in points allowed -LRB- 296 -RRB- . Navy Secretary James Forrestal , upon seeing the flag , remarked `` there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years . '' . , forced four fumbles , and recovered three . , ranking second on the team with 7 1/2 sacks . Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109 . , Jr. -LRB- two interceptions -RRB- were the other two Pro Bowl selections from the defense . The center of all mystical experience is , of course , Christ .",
          "c_entity": [
            "derek wolfe",
            "brandon marshall",
            "malik jackson",
            "broncos",
            "demarcus ware",
            "chris harris",
            "nfl",
            "aqib talib",
            "danny trevathan",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290_m",
              "question": "Who is the first in the team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brandon Marshall",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was first on the team in total tackles?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1481_m",
          "context": "Versions of the `` Doctor Who Theme '' have also been released as pop music over the years . In the early 1970s , who had played the Third Doctor , recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics , titled , `` Who Is the Doctor '' . -LSB- note 6 -RSB- In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK , Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind , which reached number 24 in the UK charts . On Oct. 6 , 2008 , three weeks after Lehman Brothers filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history , Lehman 's former CEO found himself before Representative Henry A. Waxman , the California Democrat who chaired the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform . , which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia ; this version incorporated several other songs . , the Australian string ensemble Fourplay , New Zealand punk band Blam Blam Blam , Dub Syndicate . Both the theme and obsessive fans were satirised on The Chaser 's War on Everything . The theme tune has also appeared on many compilation CDs , and has made its way into mobile-phone ringtones . Fans have also produced and distributed their own remixes of the theme . In January 2011 the Mankind version was released as a digital download on the album Gallifrey And Beyond .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jon pertwee",
            "thin lizzy",
            "bill bailey",
            "mankind",
            "klf",
            "gary glitter",
            "pink floyd",
            "mitch benn",
            "orbital",
            "pogues"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572819864b864d190016447f_m",
              "question": "Who published a disco version of whose doctor theme song?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mankind",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1278_m",
          "context": "In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis , Radek Sikorski , Poland 's Foreign Minister , stated in November 2011 , `` I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so , but here it is : I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity . Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819 , poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year , that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time -- and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action . It is perhaps the first modern -LSB- vague -RSB- statement of the principle of nonviolent protest . . . In particular .",
          "c_entity": [
            "satyagraha",
            "gandhi",
            "henry david thoreau",
            "percy shelley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18_m",
              "question": "Who wrote this poem as a sign of anarchism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Percy Shelley",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the poem The Mark of Anarchy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1038_m",
          "context": "One of the more unusual collections is that of Eadweard Muybridge 's photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887 , this consists of 781 plates . Universal 's 1936 Show Boat -LRB- released a little over a month later -RRB- became a critical and financial success , it was not enough to save the Laemmles ' involvement with the studio . These sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture images of different animals and humans performimg various actions . The former , credited as `` the Godfather of House , '' worked primarily with early disco music with a hint of new and different music -LRB- whether it was post-punk or post-disco -RRB- but still enjoying a variety of music , while the latter produced unconventional DIY mixtapes which he later played straight-on in the music club Muzic Box , boiling with raw energy . . , a collection of more than 600 photographs dating from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and portraying a wide range of society figures of the period , including bishops , generals , society ladies , Indian maharajas , Ethiopian rulers and other foreign leaders , actresses .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john thomson",
            "eadweard muybridge",
            "james lafayette",
            "devonshire house"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f90b708984140094d75d_m",
              "question": "Who created the \"animal movement\" series of photos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eadweard Muybridge",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who created the photographic series titled Animal Locomotion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-934_m",
          "context": "James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist . In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh . In his paper , he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea , which in turn were raised up to become dry land . Hutton published a two-volume version of his ideas in 1795 -LRB- Vol . 1 , Vol . 2 -RRB- . Around 1906 , Picasso met Matisse through Gertrude Stein , at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in primitivism , Iberian sculpture , African art and African tribal masks . Marshal Suchet began a long siege of the city in October 1811 , and after intense bombardment forced it to surrender on 8 January 1812 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james hutton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268527708984140094c8bf_m",
              "question": "Who is considered the first modern geologist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Hutton",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is viewed as the first modern geologist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1765_m",
          "context": "Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England , Charleston adopted its present name in 1783 . Bond finds Swann and the two escape by boat as the building collapses . The Rhine -LRB- Romansh : Rein , German : Rhein , French : le Rhin , Dutch : Rijn -RRB- is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps , forms part of the Swiss-Austrian , Swiss-Liechtenstein border , Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border . . , at about 1,230 km -LRB- 760 mi -RRB- , -LSB- note 2 -RSB- -LSB- note 1 -RSB- with an average discharge of about 2,900 m3/s -LRB- 100,000 cu ft/s -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cologne",
            "netherlands",
            "germany",
            "western europe",
            "danube",
            "graubünden",
            "north sea",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b_m",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Swiss canton",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine begin? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-842_m",
          "context": "In the 1970s , the city was the subject of a song , `` Walking Into Fresno '' , West Virginia . Emperor Zhang 's -LRB- r. 75 -- 88 AD -RRB- reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house . , adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga , grew up in the neighboring town of Madera and his song chronicled the hardships faced by the migrant farm workers he saw as a child . In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862 -- 63 , Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bob gallion",
            "lupe mayorga",
            "bill aken",
            "wwva jamboree"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c_m",
              "question": "Who are Bill Aiken and his adoptive mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lupe Mayorga",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Bill Aiken's adopted mother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-596_m",
          "context": "Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of `` Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord '' , and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are `` barking up the wrong tree '' . A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf , who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805 . In the compound engine , high-pressure steam from the boiler expands in a high-pressure -LRB- HP -RRB- cylinder and then enters one or more subsequent lower-pressure -LRB- LP -RRB- cylinders . The complete expansion of the steam now occurs across multiple cylinders and as less expansion now occurs in each cylinder less heat is lost by the steam in each . This reduces the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling , increasing the efficiency of the engine . By staging the expansion in multiple cylinders , torque variability can be reduced . To derive equal work from lower-pressure steam requires a larger cylinder volume as this steam occupies a greater volume . Therefore , the bore , and often the stroke , are increased in low-pressure cylinders resulting in larger cylinders .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arthur woolf"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711541350c2381900b54a6f_m",
              "question": "Who applied for the patent of high pressure compound in 1805?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arthur Woolf",
                  "answer_start": 315
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who patented a high-pressure compound engine in 1805?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2053_m",
          "context": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations , which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs . These `` Maxwell Equations '' fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges , and the interactions of the fields themselves . Later , they gathered in the city center near the government 's headquarters , where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov , the republic 's Communist Party leader , and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones . Eventually , public opinion forced the Queen to return to London , though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible . This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields could be `` self-generating '' through a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light . This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1864"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378e311c456719005744b0_m",
              "question": "When are magnetic fields and electric fields generated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1864",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the origins of magnetic and electric fields occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-3_m",
          "context": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d601e41c85041400946ed1_m",
              "question": "Who is the most valuable player in the top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Von Miller",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-503_m",
          "context": "BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service became available in 10 million homes in 2010, Europe's first pay-TV platform in to achieve that milestone. Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people. The target was first announced in August 2004, since then an additional 2.4m customers had subscribed to BSkyB's direct-to-home service. Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe flattened.",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 2004",
            "2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57097b50200fba140036804f_m",
              "question": "When did BSkyB first announce its goal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2004",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did BSkyB first announce their target goal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-51_m",
          "context": "There would be no more scoring in the third quarter , but early in the fourth . On the next play , Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning 's hand as he was winding up for a pass , and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line . On the assumption that intellectual property rights are actual rights Stallman argues that this claim does not live to the historical intentions behind these laws , which in the case of copyright served as a censorship system , and later on , a regulatory model for the printing press that may have benefited authors incidentally , but never interfered with the freedom of average readers . , cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16 -- 10 . In his keynote address , printed in the first volume of its new publication , The Anthropological Review , Hunt stressed the work of Waitz , adopting his definitions as a standard . The next three drives of the game would end in punts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "devin funchess",
            "gano",
            "broncos",
            "stewart",
            "ealy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1_m",
              "question": "Who beat Manning's ball in the next game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ealy",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hands on the next play?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-524_m",
          "context": "Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia. It is home to 60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres. The state also has 2.4 million beef cattle, with more than 2.2 million cattle and calves slaughtered each year. In 2003–04, Victorian commercial fishing crews and aquaculture industry produced 11,634 tonnes of seafood valued at nearly A$109 million. Blacklipped abalone is the mainstay of the catch, bringing in A$46 million, followed by southern rock lobster worth A$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia.",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
            "australia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4606b3d812140066d61d_m",
              "question": "Where are most abalone and lobster transported in Victoria waters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia",
                  "answer_start": 617
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To where is most of the abalone and lobster caught in Victorian waters shipped?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-547_m",
          "context": "A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696, and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1696",
            "time",
            "and 18th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44_m",
              "question": "When was the French church in bottlington built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1696",
                  "answer_start": 505
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The French church in Portarlington was built when?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1140_m",
          "context": ", ABC took advantage of new FCC ownership regulations that allowed broadcasting companies to own a maximum of seven radio stations nationwide in order to purchase Houston radio stations KXYZ and KXYZ-FM for $ 1 million in shares and $ 1.5 million in bonds . Paula Abdul left the show before season nine after failing to agree terms with the show producers . , Roone Arledge was named president of ABC Sports ; the company also founded ABC Pictures , the Ralph Nelson-directed Charly . ; the unit was dissolved in 1985 . The studio also operated two subsidiaries , Palomar Pictures International and Selmur Pictures . , ABC continued its acquisitions in the amusement parks sector with the opening of ABC Marine World in Redwood City , California , with the land that occupied the park later becoming home to the headquarters of Oracle Corporation . Louis ' Lunch broils hamburgers , steak sandwiches and hot dogs vertically in original antique 1898 cast iron stoves using gridirons , patented by local resident Luigi Pieragostini in 1939 , that hold the meat in place while it cooks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "1972",
            "1986",
            "year",
            "july 1968",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572776e85951b619008f8a82_m",
              "question": "When did ABC film break up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 513
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the ABC Pictures division eventually dissolved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-4_m",
          "context": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S. , and charged an average of $ 5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game . While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970 , the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser 's life . , who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows , respectively . It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bruno mars",
            "cbs",
            "beyoncé",
            "coldplay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d602631c85041400946ed8_m",
              "question": "Who plays super bowl on TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "CBS",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who broadcast the Super Bowl on TV?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-602_m",
          "context": "Around 1800 Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans in 1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802. These were much more powerful for a given cylinder size than previous engines and could be made small enough for transport applications. Thereafter, technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques (partly brought about by the adoption of the steam engine as a power source) resulted in the design of more efficient engines that could be smaller, faster, or more powerful, depending on the intended application.",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard trevithick",
            "oliver evans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89_m",
              "question": "Who invented the high-pressure steam engine in the 19th century or so?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Trevithick",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who invented a high-pressure steam engine around 1800?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2050_m",
          "context": "It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation seemed not to fully explain. Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative.",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert einstein",
            "newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5737898f1c45671900574499_m",
              "question": "Who first proved that Newton's theory of gravity was not as correct as the other?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first showed that Newton's Theory of Gravity was not as correct as another theory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-556_m",
          "context": "After this , Huguenots -LRB- with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000 -RRB- fled to surrounding Protestant countries -- whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country . Following this exodus , Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France : the rugged Cévennes region in the south . In the early 18th century , a regional group known as the Camisards who were Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church in the region , burning churches and killing clergy . , between 1702 and 1709 . Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace , and Victoria often refused to see her . On Apr 29 , the Secretary of Justice , Kim Kyung Han , told the prime minister that he will find `` every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "cévennes",
            "netherlands",
            "norway",
            "switzerland",
            "prussia",
            "england",
            "france",
            "denmark",
            "camisards"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27_m",
              "question": "Where is her last fortress after hugeno fled France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cévennes",
                  "answer_start": 353
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "After Huguenots fled France, their last remaining bastion was where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-441_m",
          "context": "An apoplectic stroke deprived him of his speech, and he died shortly afterwards at 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62, in Eisleben, the city of his birth. He was buried in the Castle Church in Wittenberg, beneath the pulpit. The funeral was held by his friends Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon. A year later, troops of Luther's adversary Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor entered the town, but were ordered by Charles not to disturb the grave.",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisleben",
            "wittenberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3_m",
              "question": "Where is Luther buried?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the Castle Church",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Luther buried?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-12_m",
          "context": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points , ranking sixth in the league . , while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two . . After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam -LRB- RVN , commonly known as South Vietnam -RRB- in October , Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military , economic , and technical assistance . , along with defensive end Kony Ealy , who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts . Behind them , two of the Panthers three starting linebackers were also selected to play in the Pro Bowl . , four forced fumbles , and four interceptions , and intercepted four passes of his own . , who led the team with a career high seven interceptions , who developed into a shutdown corner during the season and had four interceptions , two of which were returned for touchdowns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kurt coleman",
            "kony ealy",
            "nfl",
            "josh norman",
            "thomas davis",
            "luke kuechly",
            "kawann short",
            "jared allen",
            "mario addison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e_m",
              "question": "Who started the Carolina Panthers with five bags in nine games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kony Ealy",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had five sacks in nine games as a Carolina Panthers starter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1813_m",
          "context": "Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, demand for a Scottish Parliament grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs. In the aftermath of the 1979 referendum defeat, the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly was initiated as a pressure group, leading to the 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention with various organisations such as Scottish churches, political parties and representatives of industry taking part. Publishing its blueprint for devolution in 1995, the Convention provided much of the basis for the structure of the Parliament.",
          "c_entity": [
            "scottish assembly",
            "conservative party",
            "scottish parliament"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0_m",
              "question": "Who controls the British government to help nurture the aspirations of the Scottish Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Conservative Party",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Whose control of the UK's government helped fuel a desire for a Scottish Parliament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-460_m",
          "context": "Traveling south on Interstate 5 , the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton . The Reverend Ezra Stiles , president of the College from 1778 to 1795 , brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language -LRB- as was common in other schools -RRB- , requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew -LRB- in contrast to Harvard , where only upperclassmen were required to study the language -RRB- and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים -LRB- Urim and Thummim -RRB- on the Yale seal . The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire . To the east , the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas , Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County . While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties , there are some differences in development , as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties -LRB- the non-desert portions -RRB- were developed in the 1980s and 1990s . Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles , the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley . Also , population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County , Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "census bureau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705fb7f52bb891400689752_m",
              "question": "Who thinks Los Angeles County is an independent city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States Census Bureau",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-48_m",
          "context": "After a punt from both teams , Carolina got on track with a 9-play , 73-yard scoring drive . , while Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run , cutting the score to 10 -- 7 with 11:28 left in the second quarter . The major opponent of Freemasonry was the Roman Catholic Church , so that in countries with a large Catholic element , such as France , Italy , Spain , and Mexico , much of the ferocity of the political battles involve the confrontation between what Davies calls the reactionary Church and enlightened Freemasonry . Following this , there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job . Later on , but none of them attempted to make a tackle . , and with no resistance around him . Despite Denver 's excellent field position , they could not get the ball into the end zone -- 7 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jordan norwood",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "broncos",
            "jonathan stewart",
            "brad nortman",
            "mario addison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d729180d65d21400198427_m",
              "question": "Who scored 10-7 touchdowns?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Stewart",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who got a touchdown making the score 10-7?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-488_m",
          "context": "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service. The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel as all the others. This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+).",
          "c_entity": [
            "bskyb",
            "cisco systems",
            "nds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57094d489928a8140047150d_m",
              "question": "Who has design rights to all digital satellite receivers that can use their services?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BSkyB",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who has design authority over all of the digital satellite receivers that are capable of using their service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1944_m",
          "context": ". The managing director of London Weekend Television -LRB- LWT -RRB- , Greg Dyke , met with the representatives of the `` big five '' football clubs in England in 1990 . , held in May 2012 , with a petition that passed through the legislative subcommittee and committee votes , but was not given a floor vote . Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paul t. stallsworth",
            "united methodist church",
            "religious coalition for reproductive choice",
            "united methodists"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf_m",
              "question": "Who is president of tumas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the president of TUMAS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-134_m",
          "context": ". But a storm dispersed the fleet . After some searching , together with the wrecks of several other ships , including the treasure ship . On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one . Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island 's despot Isaac Komnenos . On 1 May 1191 . He ordered Isaac to release the prisoners and the treasure . The first century AD saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church , which shaped the modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World . Isaac refused .",
          "c_entity": [
            "isaac komnenos",
            "messina",
            "berengaria",
            "richard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3f784396321400ee26fd_m",
              "question": "Who ruled Cyprus in 1191?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Komnenos",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who ruled Cyprus in 1191?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1479_m",
          "context": ", which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn 's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . . . Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors , to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world , by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened . For the return of the series in 2005 ; in the 2005 Christmas episode `` The Christmas Invasion '' , Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement that was used up until the conclusion of the 2007 series . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "keff mcculloch",
            "dominic glynn",
            "murray gold",
            "john debney",
            "ron grainer",
            "peter howell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1_m",
              "question": "Who wrote the 1986 theme?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dominic Glynn",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who created the theme used in 1986?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1584_m",
          "context": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry . . , a technology invented in the 12th century . However , most published works were still produced through traditional block printing techniques . The publication of a Taoist text inscribed with the name of Töregene Khatun . Muhammad Ali accepted the conditions of the London convention in 1840 . During Andrés López Obrador 's administration a political slogan was introduced : la Ciudad de la Esperanza -LRB- `` The City of Hope '' -RRB- . In 1273 , a government-sponsored printing office . The Yuan government established centers for printing throughout China . Local schools and government agencies were funded to support the publishing of books .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "ögedei",
            "nong shu",
            "imperial library directorate",
            "töregene khatun",
            "wang zhen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572882242ca10214002da423_m",
              "question": "Who is agadi's wife?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Töregene Khatun",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Ogedei's wife?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1808_m",
          "context": "Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications. The error was discovered in 2010, and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres (766 miles).[note 1]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300c68947a6a140053cff4_m",
              "question": "When was the Rhine measurement adjusted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 422
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Rhine measurement corrected back to the original?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1215_m",
          "context": "Since about the year 2000 , a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide . Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies , and in fact , many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies that serve consumers online and those that walk in their door . The primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received . Some customers consider this to be more convenient and private method rather than traveling to a community drugstore where another customer might overhear about the drugs that they take . Internet pharmacies -LRB- also known as online pharmacies -RRB- are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are homebound . To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine , used for high-level Army communications , Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about the year 2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b_m",
              "question": "When did you start to create an online pharmacy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "about the year 2000",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did internet pharmacies begin to come into being?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-186_m",
          "context": "In 1900 . '' On October 5 , 1995 , Dwayne Wiggins 's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group . , though there is little to support this claim . , followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904 . In 1943 . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oliver lodge",
            "the beginning of years",
            "guglielmo marconi",
            "john stone",
            "tesla",
            "supreme court of the united states",
            "marconi company"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878_m",
              "question": "Who first transmitted the radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marconi",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first sent radio waves across the Atlantic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-561_m",
          "context": "Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act , an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England , with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere . Ancient Greek philosophers , including Parmenides and Heraclitus , wrote essays on the nature of time . In relative terms , this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain . Andrew Lortie -LRB- born André Lortie -RRB- , a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London , became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1708"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61_m",
              "question": "When was the naturalization bill passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1708",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was this naturalization act passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-440_m",
          "context": "The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains. When he went to his bed, he prayed, \"Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God\" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels. He thanked God for revealing his Son to him in whom he had believed. His companions, Justus Jonas and Michael Coelius, shouted loudly, \"Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine which you have taught in his name?\" A distinct \"Yes\" was Luther's reply.",
          "c_entity": [
            "17 february 1546",
            "1 a.m.",
            "8 a.m."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6_m",
              "question": "When did Mansfield's negotiations end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 February 1546",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were the negotiations finished in Mansfeld?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1919_m",
          "context": "The First British Empire was based on mercantilism , and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America , the Caribbean , and India . Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776 . The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the `` Son of Heaven '' on October 30 . Britain made compensating gains in India , Australia . , Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world . In 1845 James Prescott Joule discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat . After losing its first Empire to the Americans , Britain then turned its attention towards Asia , Africa , and the Pacific . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about 1820",
            "the 20th century",
            "1815",
            "the 1840s",
            "a century",
            "1776"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b541396df919000962c3_m",
              "question": "When did Britain lose its colony in North America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1776",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Great Britain lose its colonies in North America?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-195_m",
          "context": "Tesla later approached Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter. When asked where all the money had gone, Tesla responded by saying that he was affected by the Panic of 1901, which he (Morgan) had caused. Morgan was shocked by the reminder of his part in the stock market crash and by Tesla's breach of contract by asking for more funds. Tesla wrote another plea to Morgan, but it was also fruitless. Morgan still owed Tesla money on the original agreement, and Tesla had been facing foreclosure even before construction of the tower began.",
          "c_entity": [
            "morgan",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e_m",
              "question": "Who does Tesla want to get the money from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Morgan",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Tesla try to get money from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1883_m",
          "context": "In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames \"the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 7th century",
            "1924"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302e45947a6a140053d230_m",
              "question": "When was the Ottoman Caliph abolished?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 328
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-96_m",
          "context": "Marwan I manipulated everyone and created conflict . Throughout its existence , Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city . , out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2 % were Catholics , 35.7 % Jews , 5 % Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8 % Protestants . , there were 281,754 Jews -LRB- 36.9 % -RRB- , 18,189 Protestants -LRB- 2.4 % -RRB- and 2,818 Mariavites -LRB- 0.4 % -RRB- . This led to construction of hundreds of places of religious worship in all parts of the town . The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s . Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 . After the war , the new communist authorities of Poland discouraged church construction and only a small number were rebuilt .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1909",
            "1901",
            "1944",
            "eight years later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338007d058e614000b5bde_m",
              "question": "When were most of Warsaw's rituals destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1944",
                  "answer_start": 693
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were most of the places of religious worship destroyed in Warsaw?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-533_m",
          "context": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rély, was printed in Paris in 1487.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1487",
            "1294"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57106644b654c5140001f8e6_m",
              "question": "When was the first French Bible published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Around 1294",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the first French language bible appear?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592_m",
              "question": "Who is the general manager of the Mustang team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Elway",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the General Manager for the Broncos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-167_m",
          "context": "In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents for financial gain. Based on Tesla's patents and other ideas they agreed to back him financially and handle his patents. Together in April 1887 they formed the Tesla Electric Company with an agreement that profits from generated patents would go ⅓ to Tesla, ⅓ to Peck and Brown, and ⅓ to fund development. They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan where he worked on improving and developing new types of electric motors, generators and other devices.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1887",
            "late 1886"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0d810231d4119001ac432_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla first see Alfred Brown",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1886",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla first encounter Alfred S. Brown"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1845_m",
          "context": "The election produced a majority SNP government . Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile . The SNP took 16 seats from Labour , with many of their key figures not returned to parliament . The SNP took a further eight seats from the Liberal Democrats and one seat from the Conservatives . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "scottish parliament",
            "snp",
            "scottish independence",
            "iain gray",
            "labour"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda_m",
              "question": "Who gave the SNP 16 seats?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Labour",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the SNP obtain 16 seats from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-286_m",
          "context": "Earlier papers studying problems solvable by Turing machines with specific bounded resources include John Myhill 's definition of linear bounded automata -LRB- Myhill 1960 -RRB- . Somewhat earlier , a pioneer in the field from the USSR , studied another specific complexity measure . When Hamilton was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland , Burke accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary , a position he held for three years . As he remembers : For example , John Harrison asserts that the word `` law '' in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding , rather than being `` defined by formal or substantive criteria , '' and therefore judges do not have discretion to decide that laws fail to satisfy such unwritten and vague criteria .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hisao yamada",
            "raymond smullyan",
            "john myhill",
            "boris trakhtenbrot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e_m",
              "question": "Who put forward the definition of linear bounded automation in the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Myhill",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who provided a definition of linear bounded automata in 1960?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d704430d65d214001982e0_m",
              "question": "Who is the oldest quarterback in the super bowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peyton Manning",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-722_m",
          "context": "The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips to head a `` tiger team '' to investigate North American 's problems and identify corrections . , with a strongly worded letter by Mueller . Meanwhile , eliminating hopes it would be ready for manned flight in 1967 . In 1857 , 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74 , though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "grumman",
            "csm",
            "samuel phillips",
            "lee atwood",
            "naa",
            "robert seamans",
            "george mueller",
            "lunar module"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae_m",
              "question": "Who appointed Samuel Phillips to the tigers to find out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Mueller",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who appointed Samuel Phillips to man the tiger team to find answers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-439_m",
          "context": "Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld, was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld bringing the industry under his own control. The controversy that ensued involved all four Mansfeld counts: Albrecht, Philip, John George, and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice in late 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546 for their completion.",
          "c_entity": [
            "early 1546",
            "late 1545"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2_m",
              "question": "When did Luther go to Mansfield twice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1545",
                  "answer_start": 411
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther travel to Mansfeld twice?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-970_m",
          "context": "Edwin Chadwick 's 1829 article , `` Preventive police '' in the London Review , argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body , which was not the case in practice . The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem . , including the Centre for Life with its Science Village ; the Discovery Museum a museum highlighting life on Tyneside , including Tyneside 's shipbuilding heritage , and inventions which changed the world ; the Great North Museum ; Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children 's books .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tyneside",
            "hancock museum",
            "tyne museum of antiquities",
            "newcastle",
            "northern",
            "newburn",
            "england",
            "hall motor museum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268692dd62a815002e8826_m",
              "question": "Where is science village?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Centre for Life",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is the Science Village located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-517_m",
          "context": "Historically , Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford , Toyota and Holden ; however . During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon , and was widely used all over the Mediterranean . The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany , Imperial Japan , the Soviet Union , and Mussolini 's Italy , and by the non-participation of the United States , leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy . Holden 's announcement occurred in May 2013 -- in Broadmeadows and Geelong .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 21st century",
            "february 2014",
            "december of the same year",
            "year of 2017",
            "may 2013",
            "october 2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3468b3d812140066d545_m",
              "question": "When did Holden announce the closure of the Victorian factory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2013",
                  "answer_start": 562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Holden announce that it will close its Victoria plant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-8_m",
          "context": ". The $ 1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014 . . In 1995 , President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "2003",
            "may 21, 2013",
            "2014",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6f0770d65d21400198269_m",
              "question": "When was the levy stadium open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Levi's Stadium open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-99_m",
          "context": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695–1696). Between 1975 and 1990 the Warsaw Presidents was simultaneously the Warsaw Voivode. Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council. In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents. Since 2002 the President of Warsaw is elected by all of the citizens of Warsaw.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the years of 1994",
            "district council of centrum",
            "jan andrzej menich"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338255d058e614000b5c0e_m",
              "question": "Who was Warsaw's first president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jan Andrzej Menich",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first Warsaw President?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1062_m",
          "context": ", and the soap opera General Hospital , the latter of which is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of the ABC television network , having aired since 1963 . . , Dark Shadows , Loving , The City and Port Charles . . The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen . On June 18 , 1989 , an estimated 100,000 faithful participated in public religious services in Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine , responding to Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky 's call for an international day of prayer . ABC Daytime has also aired a number of game shows , including The Dating Game , The Newlywed Game , Let 's Make a Deal , Password , Split Second , The $ 10,000 / $ 20,000 Pyramid , Family Feud , The Better Sex , Trivia Trap , All-Star Blitz and Hot Streak .",
          "c_entity": [
            "morning",
            "abc daytime",
            "currently",
            "night",
            "the last nine years",
            "1975",
            "1963",
            "1970",
            "past",
            "2012",
            "1968",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e671dd62a815002e9468_m",
              "question": "When did the general hospital start flying?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did General Hospital begin airing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1358_m",
          "context": "The English promptly renamed the fledgling city `` New York '' after the Duke of York -LRB- later King James II -RRB- . James Bryant Conant -LRB- president , 1933 -- 1953 -RRB- reinvigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence among research institutions . He saw higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy , so Conant devised programs to identify , recruit , and support talented youth . In 1943 , he asked the faculty make a definitive statement about what general education ought to be , at the secondary as well as the college level . The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22 , 1965 . The resulting Report , published in 1945 , was one of the most influential manifestos in the history of American education in the 20th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james bryant conant"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce_m",
              "question": "Who led the school back to the leading research institutions of the 20th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Bryant Conant",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who lead the school back to leading research institution in 2oth century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1374_m",
          "context": "Harvard 's athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet , coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting , which dates back to 1875 and is usually called simply `` The Game '' . , both it and Yale have influenced the way the game is played . , Harvard Stadium introduced a new era into football with the first-ever permanent reinforced concrete stadium of its kind in the country . The stadium 's structure actually played a role in the evolution of the college game . Seeking to reduce the alarming number of deaths and serious injuries in the sport , Walter Camp -LRB- former captain of the Yale football team -RRB- , suggested widening the field to open up the game . But the stadium was too narrow to accommodate a wider playing surface . So , other steps had to be taken . . These included legalizing the forward pass , perhaps the most significant rule change in the sport 's history . In 1781 , Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason , one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a century ago",
            "early days",
            "1920",
            "1875",
            "1903",
            "1906"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc_m",
              "question": "When was the first year Yale and Harvard played football?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1875",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What was the first year that Yale and Harvard played football?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-603_m",
          "context": "Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use , various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines . The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam . The efficiency of Energiprojekt 's steam engine reaches some 27-30 % on high-pressure engines . It is a single-step , 5-cylinder engine -LRB- no compound -RRB- with superheated steam and consumes approx. 4 kg -LRB- 8.8 lb -RRB- of steam per kWh . -LSB- not in citation given -RSB- For example , Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett , Missouri , on April 2 , 1937 , within a 10-foot -LRB- 3 m -RRB- wooden stockade .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sweden"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115bf350c2381900b54a94_m",
              "question": "Where is energy project AB located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sweden",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is Energiprojekt AB based?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-151_m",
          "context": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.",
          "c_entity": [
            "colorado springs",
            "new york"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b_m",
              "question": "Where is Tesla doing the experiment except New York?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Colorado Springs",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Other than New York where did Tesla conduct experiments?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1476_m",
          "context": "The Master is the Doctor 's archenemy , a renegade Time Lord who desires to rule the universe . , the character first appeared in 1971 . As with the Doctor , the role has been portrayed by several actors , since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate ; the first of these actors was Roger Delgado , who continued in the role until his death in 1973 . . Nicholas Lezard , problematizing the categorization of post-punk as a genre , described the movement as `` so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible '' . The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who .",
          "c_entity": [
            "geoffrey beevers",
            "eric roberts",
            "roger delgado",
            "anthony ainley",
            "moriarty",
            "sherlock holmes",
            "peter pratt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c_m",
              "question": "Who was the first person to play the master?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roger Delgado",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to play the Master?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-16_m",
          "context": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier. The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "seattle seahawks",
            "panthers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2_m",
              "question": "Who did the Jaguar see at the NFC championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Panthers face in the NFC Championship Game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-12_m",
          "context": "His government was weak , and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him . The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points , ranking sixth in the league . Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11 , while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two . . , who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts . Behind them , two of the Panthers three starting linebackers were also selected to play in the Pro Bowl . , four forced fumbles , and four interceptions , and intercepted four passes of his own . , who led the team with a career high seven interceptions , who developed into a shutdown corner during the season and had four interceptions , two of which were returned for touchdowns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kurt coleman",
            "kony ealy",
            "nfl",
            "josh norman",
            "thomas davis",
            "luke kuechly",
            "kawann short",
            "jared allen",
            "mario addison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f_m",
              "question": "Who checked in most of the luggage this season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kawann Short",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who registered the most sacks on the team this season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-137_m",
          "context": "The rapid Anglo-Norman conquest proved more important than it seemed . The island occupied a key strategic position on the maritime lanes to the Holy Land , whose occupation by the Christians could not continue without support from the sea . With the Concordat of 1801 , Napoleon restored the religious privileges of the Catholic Church while keeping the lands seized by the Revolution . Shortly after the conquest , Cyprus was sold to the Knights Templar and it was subsequently acquired , by Guy de Lusignan and became a stable feudal kingdom . It was only in 1489 that the Venetians acquired full control of the island . It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect , as rebels rioted against Aragon 's population of mudéjars and imposed forced conversions to Christianity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fall",
            "1571",
            "1489",
            "1192"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de48f34396321400ee2770_m",
              "question": "When did the Venetians take complete control of Cyprus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1489",
                  "answer_start": 562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Venetians take total control of Cyprus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-334_m",
          "context": "Salaries for Nursery , Primary and Secondary School teachers ranged from £ 20,133 to £ 41,004 in September 2007 , although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities . Preschool teachers may earn £ 20,980 annually . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Teachers in state schools must have at least a bachelor 's degree , complete an approved teacher education program , and be licensed . Shortly after the results were published Puerto Rico-born U.S. Congressman José Enrique Serrano commented `` I was particularly impressed with the outcome of the ` status ' referendum in Puerto Rico .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e_m",
              "question": "When is the specified salary range (month and year) valid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2007",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the salary range listed valid for (month and year)?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-407_m",
          "context": "Luther wrote \"Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir\" (\"From depths of woe I cry to you\") in 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns for use in German worship. In a collaboration with Paul Speratus, this and seven other hymns were published in the Achtliederbuch, the first Lutheran hymnal. In 1524 Luther developed his original four-stanza psalm paraphrase into a five-stanza Reformation hymn that developed the theme of \"grace alone\" more fully. Because it expressed essential Reformation doctrine, this expanded version of \"Aus tiefer Not\" was designated as a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies and was widely used at funerals, including Luther's own. Along with Erhart Hegenwalt's hymnic version of Psalm 51, Luther's expanded hymn was also adopted for use with the fifth part of Luther's catechism, concerning confession.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1523",
            "1524"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f87760aef23719006260cc_m",
              "question": "When did Luther write the death hymn I call you?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1523",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther write the hymn From Depths of Woe I cry to You?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1561_m",
          "context": ", Buyantu Khan -LRB- Ayurbarwada -RRB- , was a competent emperor . Pagan 's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century . , to the discontent of some Mongol elite . , a Confucian academic . He made many reforms : 尚書省 -RRB- , which resulted in the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials . Starting in 1313 the traditional imperial examinations were reintroduced for prospective officials , testing their knowledge on significant historical works . Also , he codified much of the law , as well as publishing or translating a number of Chinese books and works .",
          "c_entity": [
            "buyantu khan",
            "li meng",
            "kublai",
            "department of state affairs",
            "yuan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286f373acd2414000df9db_m",
              "question": "Who was the fourth ruler of the Yuan Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buyantu Khan",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the 4th to rule the Yuan dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-6_m",
          "context": "In autumn they returned to Paris , where Chopin 's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand 's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle . The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites : New Orleans ' Mercedes-Benz Superdome .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sun life stadium",
            "miami",
            "new orleans",
            "area",
            "san francisco bay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255_m",
              "question": "Where is one of them, Mercedes Superdome?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Orleans",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "One of the sites, Merceds-Benz Superdome, is located where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1808_m",
          "context": "Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres -LRB- 764 miles -RRB- . In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres -LRB- 820 miles -RRB- , presumably a typographical error . After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie , it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications . The error was discovered in 2010 , and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres -LRB- 766 miles -RRB- . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- On November 17 , 1987 , SCA acquired CBS Records , which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson , for US$ 2 billion . During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19 -- 21 , 1991 in Moscow , the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia , President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union , Mikhail Gorbachev .",
          "c_entity": [
            "knaurs lexikon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300c67947a6a140053cff1_m",
              "question": "Who changed the length of the Rhine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Knaurs Lexikon",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who stated a change of the length of the Rhine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-46_m",
          "context": ". , but Carolina 's defense dug in over the next three plays . First . Then after an incompletion , forcing Denver to settle for a 3 -- 0 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal . The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit . Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance . Both Cook and Archuleta had some success as recording artists with both selling over a million albums in the U.S.",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaq thompson",
            "panthers",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "thomas davis",
            "peyton manning",
            "andre caldwell",
            "brandon mcmanus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db_m",
              "question": "Who won the first point for Denver?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brandon McManus",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who scored the first points for Denver?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1556_m",
          "context": "Kublai Khan promoted commercial , scientific , and cultural growth . He supported the merchants of the Silk Road trade network by protecting the Mongol postal system , constructing infrastructure , providing loans that financed trade caravans , and encouraging the circulation of paper banknotes -LRB- 鈔 . , Mongol peace , enabled the spread of technologies , commodities , and culture between China and the West . Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north . Mongol rule was cosmopolitan under Kublai Khan . The feast of the Annunciation -LRB- which commemorates the virginal conception and the Incarnation of Jesus -RRB- is celebrated on 25 March , nine months before Christmas Day . He welcomed foreign visitors to his court , such as the Venetian merchant Marco Polo , who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pax mongolica",
            "marco polo",
            "kublai khan",
            "chao",
            "christopher columbus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286bb84b864d19001649cc_m",
              "question": "Who describes Kublai Khan's central Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marco Polo",
                  "answer_start": 791
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who described Kublai's China to Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1869_m",
          "context": "These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced. One result of this was a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack.",
          "c_entity": [
            "osama bin laden",
            "saddam"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573010fab2c2fd14005687db_m",
              "question": "Who masterminded many terrorist attacks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Osama bin Laden",
                  "answer_start": 751
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who masterminded many terror attacks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1012_m",
          "context": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia : China , Japan and Korea . The T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991 , displaying a representative collection of the V&A s approximately 16,000 objects from China . Though the majority of art works on display date from the Ming and Qing dynasties , there are exquisite examples of objects dating from the Tang dynasty and earlier periods . In 1972 , Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene : the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein . Notably , other sculptures include life-size tomb guardians . Classic examples of Chinese manufacturing are displayed that include lacquer , silk , porcelain , jade and cloisonné enamel . . There is a unique Chinese lacquerware table , made in the imperial workshops during the reign of the Xuande Emperor in the Ming dynasty . In 1887 , the British Empire celebrated Victoria 's Golden Jubilee . Examples of clothing are also displayed . . The work of contemporary Chinese designers is also displayed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 4th millennium",
            "2,000-year-old",
            "750 ad",
            "the mid-17th century",
            "the 18th century",
            "the present day",
            "1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bf325951b619008f7d00_m",
              "question": "When was the Chinese Art Museum opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year did the gallery devoted to Chinese art open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-388_m",
          "context": "Without Luther 's backing for the uprising , many rebels laid down their weapons ; others felt betrayed . Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525 , followed by Müntzer 's execution , brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close . European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook 's ships , HMS Resolution and Adventure , crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773 , in December 1773 and again in January 1774 . Thereafter , radicalism found a refuge in the anabaptist movement and other religious movements , while Luther 's Reformation flourished under the wing of the secular powers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 may 1525"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f_m",
              "question": "When was the battle of Frankenhausen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 May 1525",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-179_m",
          "context": "In March 1896 , after hearing of Wilhelm Röntgen 's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging -LRB- radiography -RRB- , Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging , developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil -LRB- the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung or braking radiation -RRB- . In his research , Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays . Tesla held that , with his circuits , the `` instrument will ... enable one to generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus . '' Among matters discussed during the May visit to Pakistan , under the general rubric of `` recalibrating '' the bilateral relationship , Kerry sought and retrieved from the Pakistanis the tail-section of the U.S. helicopter which had had to be abandoned at Abbottabad during the bin Laden strike . As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated , Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1896"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae_m",
              "question": "When did Tessa start scanning X-rays?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1896",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "when did tesla begin researching x-ray imaging?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-132_m",
          "context": "In 1096, Crusaders passing by the siege of Amalfi were joined by Bohemond of Taranto and his nephew Tancred with an army of Italo-Normans. Bohemond was the de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor. After the successful Siege of Antioch in 1097, Bohemond began carving out an independent principality around that city. Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem and he worked for the expansion of the Crusader kingdom in Transjordan and the region of Galilee.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1096",
            "1097"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6_m",
              "question": "When did the siege of Antioch occur?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1097",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Siege of Antioch take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1902_m",
          "context": "-- 1999 -RRB- constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism . American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment , and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America . They claim that European imperialism was influential , and Europeans rejected the notion that `` imperialism '' required formal , legal control by one government over another country . `` In their view , historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red . The bulk of British emigration , trade , and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire . Key to their thinking is the idea of empire ` informally if possible and formally if necessary . ' '' -LSB- attribution needed -RSB- Because of the resources made available by imperialism , making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1920",
            "the 20th century",
            "1980",
            "1919",
            "the decades",
            "1999"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309564069b5314008321a6_m",
              "question": "When did Ronald Robinson die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Ronald Robinson die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-32_m",
          "context": "In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50 will also receive a large, 18-karat gold-plated \"50\". Each digit will weigh 33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66 lb (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vince lombardi",
            "lombardi trophy",
            "tiffany & co."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350_m",
              "question": "Who designed it in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tiffany & Co.",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the \"50\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1230_m",
          "context": "He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard 's on 1 March 1843 . Immunology is a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system . It originates from medicine and early studies on the causes of immunity to disease . The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC . The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation . Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time . In the 18th century . . , such as the miasma theory . It was not until Robert Koch 's 1891 proofs , for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905 , that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease . Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis pasteur",
            "robert koch",
            "walter reed",
            "pierre-louis moreau de maupertuis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f3724b864d1900165116_m",
              "question": "Who won the Nobel Prize in 1905?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Koch",
                  "answer_start": 850
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who won the Nobel Prize in 1905?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-595_m",
          "context": "The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott scored a major success that ended the war . , concluding with the Catch Me Who Can in 1808 . Only four years later , the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway . . The Cubs ' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book , The Cubs on Catalina , by Jim Vitti ... which was named International ` Book of the Year ' by The Sporting News . This was the first public steam railway in the world and then in 1829 , he built The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "trevithick",
            "liverpool",
            "george stephenson",
            "stockton",
            "darlington railway",
            "matthew murray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571153422419e3140095557e_m",
              "question": "Who designed Salamanca?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matthew Murray",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed Salamanca?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1455_m",
          "context": ". The BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination , as well as a series of power blackouts across the country , and they broadcast it again on 30 November 1963 , just before episode two . Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto -LRB- Concerto in C major Op. 3 6 -RRB- and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra . After some negotiation , Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eighty seconds",
            "the previous day",
            "ten minutes",
            "30 november 1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160_m",
              "question": "When did the BBC restart the first episode of who doctor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 November 1963",
                  "answer_start": 216
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the BBC rebroadcast the first episode of Doctor Who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1770_m",
          "context": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for . The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted , too , and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake . On 2 November 1943 , Isamu Yokoyama , commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army , deployed the 39th , 58th , 13th , 3rd , 116th and 68th divisions , a grand total of around 100,000 troops , to attack Changde of China . Its water has a darker color than the Rhine ; the latter 's lighter suspended load comes from higher up the mountains . It is expected that the continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake tuggenersee",
            "fußach",
            "delta",
            "diepoldsau",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f5875947a6a140053c89d_m",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine go after the donbina river changes course?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "parallel to the canalized Rhine",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "After the Dornbirner Ach was diverted, where does the Rhine flow now?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1179_m",
          "context": ", during his father 's lifetime . Some scholars . , and while his brothers heeded the order . The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator , currently Gary Hardgrave . . , as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief . . I would be doing a service if I killed my father when he is hunting , made an alliance with Sultan Muhammad , brought this land to life and gave assistance and support to the Muslims . '' ; however , as Sultan Muhammad was already dead in 1223 , the accuracy of this story is questionable .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rashid al-din",
            "genghis khan",
            "juzjani",
            "ratchnevsky",
            "jochi",
            "sultan muhammad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727311d5951b619008f86ae_m",
              "question": "Who did Josh recruit to help him stop his father's killing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sultan Muhammad",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Jochi reportedly enlist to help him stop his father's massacres? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1931_m",
          "context": "St. George 's United Methodist Church , located at the corner of 4th and New Streets , beginning in 1769 . The U.S. paid protection money until 1801 , when President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay and sent in the Navy to challenge the Barbary States , the First Barbary War followed . The congregation was founded in 1767 , meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street , and in 1769 it purchased the shell of a building which had been erected in 1763 by a German Reformed congregation . Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander , South West Pacific . At this time , Methodists had not yet broken away from the Anglican Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church was not founded until 1784 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united methodist church",
            "philadelphia",
            "united states",
            "old city",
            "dock street"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309adb396df919000961ff_m",
              "question": "Where was the first meeting of the congregation at St George's in 1767?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "sail loft on Dock Street",
                  "answer_start": 348
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the congregation at St. George's initially meet in 1767?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-16_m",
          "context": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier. The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "seattle seahawks",
            "panthers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616_m",
              "question": "Who did the Panthers fight in the division?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seattle Seahawks",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-541_m",
          "context": "By 1620 the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots respond by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry iv",
            "marie de' medici",
            "louis xiii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57108073b654c5140001f929_m",
              "question": "Who is Heinrich's successor to the Huguenots?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis XIII",
                  "answer_start": 444
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Which successor to Henry resumed persecution of the Huguenots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-149_m",
          "context": "Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.",
          "c_entity": [
            "7 january 1943",
            "current",
            "10 july 1856"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7_m",
              "question": "When was Nikola Tesla born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1856",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Nikola Tesla born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1662_m",
          "context": "On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research, as well as personal information about their finances and careers, from Mann, Bradley and Hughes. Sherwood Boehlert, chairman of the House Science Committee, said this was a \"misguided and illegitimate investigation\" apparently aimed at intimidating scientists, and at his request the U.S. National Academy of Sciences arranged for its National Research Council to set up a special investigation. The National Research Council's report agreed that there were some statistical failings, but these had little effect on the graph, which was generally correct. In a 2006 letter to Nature, Mann, Bradley, and Hughes pointed out that their original article had said that \"more widespread high-resolution data are needed before more confident conclusions can be reached\" and that the uncertainties were \"the point of the article\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "23 june 2005",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572943ab1d0469140077921b_m",
              "question": "When did Barton and Whitfield ask for climate research?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 June 2005",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Barton and Whitfield demand climate research records?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-150_m",
          "context": "Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents\" as well as various patent battles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "current",
            "the formative years",
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df9ee138dc421700152108_m",
              "question": "When did Nikolai Tesla immigrate to the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did Nikola Tesla emigrate to the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1493_m",
          "context": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times . Nasser 's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners . In the early 1970s , Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday . Mao strongly supported intervention , and Zhou was one of the few Chinese leaders who firmly supported him . In the late 1980s -- The Ultimate Adventure . For two performances . Other original plays have been staged as amateur productions , with other actors playing the Doctor , a stage play mounted in the late 1960s , but without the Doctor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jon pertwee",
            "terry nation",
            "david banks",
            "trevor martin",
            "colin baker"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572828383acd2414000df5c3_m",
              "question": "Who played doctor on stage in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trevor Martin",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who played Doctor Who on stage in the 70's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-14_m",
          "context": ", throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns , with 17 interceptions . In contrast , 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4 . , while adding another 106 yards returning punts . Zhang Rongan , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . . Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa . Running back C. J. Anderson was the team 's leading rusher 863 yards and seven touchdowns , while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards . , five touchdowns , 24 receptions , and a 4.7 yards per carry average . Overall , the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "demaryius thomas",
            "osweiler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9_m",
              "question": "Who are the mustangs' leaders in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "C. J. Anderson",
                  "answer_start": 620
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Broncos' leading rusher for the 2015 season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1811_m",
          "context": "During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should. The combined effect of these events led to Prime Minister Wilson committing his government to some form of devolved legislature in 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1974",
            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fad30a23a5019007fc870_m",
              "question": "When did Prime Minister Wilson begin to work on some kind of decentralized legislation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 449
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Prime Minister Wilson commit to some form of devolved legislature?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-155_m",
          "context": ", Tesla moved to Karlovac , to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium , where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić. : 32 The classes were held in German , as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier . Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head , which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating . , graduating in 1873 . : 33 These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri , 1716 -- 1721 , who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture , language and Buddhism , and various Capuchins in 1707 -- 1711 , 1716 -- 1733 and 1741 -- 1745 , Christianity was used by some Tibetan monarchs and their courts and the Karmapa sect lamas to counterbalance the influence of the Gelugpa sect in the 17th century until in 1745 when all the missionaries were expelled at the lama 's insistence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1870",
            "four-year",
            "three years",
            "1873"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla graduate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 387
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla graduate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1174_m",
          "context": "In 1938 , the north-west pavilion , designed by Nash as a conservatory , was converted into a swimming pool . The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory . , and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand . The famous cavalry expedition led by Subutai and Jebe , remains unparalleled to this day , and word of the Mongol triumphs began to trickle to other nations . These two campaigns are generally regarded as reconnaissance campaigns that tried to get the feel of the political and cultural elements of the regions . . . Later under Genghis Khan 's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde , concluding the campaign in 1240 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongolia",
            "europe",
            "caspian sea",
            "samarkand",
            "hungary",
            "volga",
            "bulgaria",
            "persia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272bcb5951b619008f8687_m",
              "question": "Where did jabby die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on the road back to Samarkand",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Jebe die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1167_m",
          "context": "In the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire. However, Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar, attacked the caravan that came from Mongolia, claiming that the caravan contained spies and therefore was a conspiracy against Khwarezmia. The situation became further complicated because the governor later refused to make repayments for the looting of the caravans and handing over the perpetrators. Genghis Khan then sent again a second group of three ambassadors (two Mongols and a Muslim) to meet the Shah himself instead of the governor Inalchuq. The Shah had all the men shaved and the Muslim beheaded and sent his head back with the two remaining ambassadors. This was seen as an affront and insult to Genghis Khan. Outraged, Genghis Khan planned one of his largest invasion campaigns by organizing together around 100,000 soldiers (10 tumens), his most capable generals and some of his sons. He left a commander and number of troops in China, designated his successors to be his family members and likely appointed Ögedei to be his immediate successor and then went out to Khwarezmia.",
          "c_entity": [
            "genghis khan",
            "inalchuq",
            "shah ala ad-din muhammad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76_m",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the hevarezman Dynasty in the early 12th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Khwarezmian dynasty in the early 1200s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1546_m",
          "context": "The Yuan dynasty -LRB- Chinese : 元朝 ; pinyin : Yuán Cháo -RRB- , officially the Great Yuan -LRB- Chinese : 大元 ; pinyin : Dà Yuán ; Mongolian : Yehe Yuan Ulus -LSB- a -RSB- -RRB- , was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan . , it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style . His realm was , by this point , isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of present-day China and its surrounding areas , including modern Mongolia and Korea . As fans swarmed the field , Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second . Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen -LRB- church elders , presbyters -RRB- in his representative church government . It was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368 . Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese language , while others only used their native language -LRB- i.e. Mongolian -RRB- and the ` Phags-pa script .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "great yuan",
            "borjigin",
            "northern yuan",
            "kublai khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9_m",
              "question": "Who is the leader of Mongolian borjijin family?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kublai Khan",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who led the Mongolian Borjigin clan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-87_m",
          "context": "The plain moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds and also groups of clay pits. The pattern of the Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces and the lowest one the flood plain terrace. The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old – riverbed. They consist of still quite natural streams and lakes as well as the pattern of drainage ditches. The right side of Warsaw has a different pattern of geomorphological forms. There are several levels of the plain Vistula terraces (flooded as well as former flooded once) and only small part and not so visible moraine escarpment. Aeolian sand with a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace. These are mainly forested areas (pine forest).",
          "c_entity": [
            "warsaw",
            "vistula"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57335ddbd058e614000b5932_m",
              "question": "Where can I find windblown sand and a series of sand dunes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "plain Vistula terraces",
                  "answer_start": 637
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where can Aeolian sand with a number of dunes be found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-968_m",
          "context": "Lindisfarne are a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection . Their most famous song , `` Fog on the Tyne '' -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . Venom , reckoned by many to be the originators of black metal and extremely influential to the extreme metal scene as a whole . Folk metal band Skyclad , often regarded as the first folk metal band , also formed in Newcastle after the break-up of Martin Walkyier thrash metal band , Sabbat . Andy Taylor . A week later he was buried in the church , and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him . Brian Johnson was a member of local rock band Geordie before becoming the lead vocalist of AC/DC .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1961",
            "1990",
            "1979",
            "1971"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726847f708984140094c8ac_m",
              "question": "When was fog on the Tyne published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the song Fog on the Tyne released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1418_m",
          "context": "Wealth concentration is a theoretical -LSB- according to whom ? -RSB- process by which , under certain conditions , newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities . According to this theory , those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth , thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth . Rupert Murdoch , head of The Sun 's parent company News Corporation , speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications , which was investigating media ownership and the news , said that he acts as a `` traditional proprietor '' . Over time , wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society . Thomas Piketty in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century argues that the fundamental force for divergence is the usually greater return of capital -LRB- r -RRB- than economic growth -LRB- g -RRB- , and that larger fortunes generate higher returns -LSB- pp. 384 Table 12.2 , U.S. university endowment size vs. real annual rate of return -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas piketty"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729f4273f37b319004785fe_m",
              "question": "Who wrote the capital of the 21st century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Piketty",
                  "answer_start": 808
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the book \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-632_m",
          "context": "Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele , in Uppsala , in 1773 or earlier , and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire , but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first . , whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion . To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird , was published on July 14 , 2015 . Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς oxys , `` acid '' , literally `` sharp '' , referring to the sour taste of acids and - γενής - genes , `` producer '' , literally `` begetter '' , it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition . Common uses of oxygen includes the production cycle of steel , plastics and textiles , brazing , welding and cutting of steels and other metals , rocket propellant , in oxygen therapy and life support systems in aircraft , submarines , spaceflight and diving . The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1773",
            "1777",
            "1774",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2_m",
              "question": "When did Carl William Scheler find oxygen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1773",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Carl Wilhelm Scheele discover oxygen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1880_m",
          "context": ", General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 's regime in Pakistan . Ali Bhutto , a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists , shortly before he was overthrown . Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism , and `` Islamization '' or implementation of Islamic law . Zia ul Haq was an admirer of Mawdudi and Mawdudi 's party Jamaat-e-Islami became the `` regime 's ideological and political arm '' . In Pakistan this Islamization from above was `` probably '' more complete `` than under any other regime except those in Iran and Sudan , '' but Zia-ul-Haq was also criticized by many Islamists for imposing `` symbols '' rather than substance , and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power . The British backed down , but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons . Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University , nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university . Unlike neighboring Iran , Zia-ul-Haq 's policies were intended to `` avoid revolutionary excess '' , and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies . Zia-ul-Haq was killed in 1988 but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society .",
          "c_entity": [
            "six months",
            "july 1977",
            "1988",
            "eleven-year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3_m",
              "question": "When was Zia urhak killed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 1210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1365_m",
          "context": "Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England . Laird writes that `` after the Mongol troops left Tibet , no Ming troops replaced them . '' During the divestment from South Africa movement in the late 1980s , student activists erected a symbolic `` shantytown '' on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech given by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown . The Harvard Management Company repeatedly refused to divest , stating that `` operating expenses must not be subject to financially unrealistic strictures or carping by the unsophisticated or by special interest groups . '' However , the university did eventually reduce its South African holdings by $ 230 million -LRB- out of $ 400 million -RRB- in response to the pressure .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13_m",
              "question": "When was the South African sport sold?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the divestment from South Africa movement? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-49_m",
          "context": ". At age thirteen , West wrote a rap song called `` Green Eggs and Ham '' and began to persuade his mother to pay $ 25 an hour for time in a recording studio . However . The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862 , during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed . The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt . After a Denver punt . But with 11 seconds left , Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half .",
          "c_entity": [
            "panthers",
            "carolina",
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "kony ealy",
            "mike tolbert",
            "demarcus ware",
            "danny trevathan",
            "darian stewart"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808_m",
              "question": "Who fired Newton in the first half in 11 seconds?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DeMarcus Ware",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left in the first half?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-415_m",
          "context": "A specimen of the sixteenth century tile-work at Lahore is the tomb of Sheikh Musa Ahangar , with its brilliant blue dome . In October 1529 , Philip I , Landgrave of Hesse , convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians at the Marburg Colloquy , to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states . It gave her 20 % royalties from the music proceedings , one of the highest rates in the industry , equaled at that time only by Michael Jackson 's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony . Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen , the exception being the nature of the Eucharist -- the sacrament of the Lord 's Supper -- an issue crucial to Luther .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1529"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88c37aef2371900626176_m",
              "question": "When did Philip I hold a meeting to establish the doctrine in the Protestant country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1529",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Philip I convene an assembly to set doctrine in the Protestant states?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1748_m",
          "context": "are prime for any natural number n. Here  represents the floor function, i.e., largest integer not greater than the number in question. The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2, for any natural number n > 3. However, computing A or μ requires the knowledge of infinitely many primes to begin with. Another formula is based on Wilson's theorem and generates the number 2 many times and all other primes exactly once.",
          "c_entity": [
            "bertrand",
            "wilson",
            "chebyshev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572985011d04691400779502_m",
              "question": "Who first proved Bertrand's position?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chebyshev",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first proved Bertrand's postulate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1933_m",
          "context": "In the more than 220 years since 1784, Methodism in the United States, like many other Protestant denominations, has seen a number of divisions and mergers. In 1830, the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over the issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church, insisting that clergy should not be the only ones to have any determination in how the church was to be operated. In 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops in the denomination.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1830",
            "more than 220 years since 1784",
            "1844"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309d31396df91900096212_m",
              "question": "When was the assembly of the Methodist Episcopal church divided into two sessions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1844",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1814_m",
          "context": "The first commercially successful DC motors followed the invention by Zénobe Gramme who , in 1871 , reinvented Pacinotti 's design . Since September 2004 , in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh . . Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings , a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings . Throughout the building there are many repeated motifs . Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby , complete the unique architecture . Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rmjm",
            "raeburn",
            "elizabeth ii",
            "parliament building",
            "scottish parliament",
            "tony kettle",
            "enric miralles",
            "edinburgh architecture"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337_m",
              "question": "Who opened the new Capitol on October 9, 2004?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Queen Elizabeth II",
                  "answer_start": 555
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who opened the new Parliament building on October 9, 2004?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-173_m",
          "context": "In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a key event in the history of AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public. At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the \"Tesla Polyphase System\", Tesla demonstrated a series of electrical effects previously performed throughout America and Europe,:76 included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79 An observer noted:",
          "c_entity": [
            "george westinghouse",
            "columbian exposition",
            "general electric"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5_m",
              "question": "Who transferred Ge to provide lighting for exposure in Colombia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Westinghouse",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who outbid General Electric to provide light to the World's Columbian Exposition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-414_m",
          "context": "Luther's Commentary on Genesis contains a passage which concludes that \"the soul does not sleep (anima non sic dormit), but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions\". Francis Blackburne in 1765 argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther, while Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man \"in this life\" (homo enim in hac vita) tired from his daily labour (defatigus diurno labore) who at night enters his bedchamber (sub noctem intrat in cubiculum suum) and whose sleep is interrupted by dreams.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1867",
            "1765",
            "night"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725_m",
              "question": "When did Blackburn raise the issue of Luther and the soul?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1765",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Blackburne make his argument about Luther and souls?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1879_m",
          "context": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan . The words of the Torah -LRB- Pentateuch -RRB- were spoken to Moses by God ; the laws contained in this Written Torah , the `` Mitzvot '' , were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret them . The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist , interested in spreading `` an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs '' under the label of Sharia to an entire country . Their ideology was also described as being influenced by Wahhabism , and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden . Broadway , from 159th Street to 218th Street , is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pakistan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0_m",
              "question": "Where does the support of government and religious groups come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pakistan",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1561_m",
          "context": "The fourth Yuan emperor , Buyantu Khan -LRB- Ayurbarwada -RRB- , was a competent emperor . The Karmapa launched a surprise ambush on Liu Yun 's camp , seizing all the goods and valuables while killing or wounding half of Liu Yun 's entire escort . He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai , to the discontent of some Mongol elite . He had been mentored by Li Meng , a Confucian academic . He made many reforms , including the liquidation of the Department of State Affairs -LRB- Chinese : 尚書省 -RRB- , which resulted in the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials . Starting in 1313 the traditional imperial examinations were reintroduced for prospective officials , testing their knowledge on significant historical works . Also , he codified much of the law , as well as publishing or translating a number of Chinese books and works .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1313"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286f373acd2414000df9df_m",
              "question": "When did buantu test potential government employees?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1313",
                  "answer_start": 660
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Buyantu resume testing potential government employees?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1702_m",
          "context": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm , forming a stromule , or stroma-containing tubule . In the period before migration , many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe -LRB- German : migratory restlessness -RRB- , first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795 , as well as physiological changes such as increased fat deposition . Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts , and are much more common in other plastids like chromoplasts and amyloplasts in petals and roots , respectively . They may exist to increase the chloroplast 's surface area for cross-membrane transport , because they are often branched and tangled with the endoplasmic reticulum . When they were first observed in 1962 , some plant biologists dismissed the structures as artifactual , claiming that stromules were just oddly shaped chloroplasts with constricted regions or dividing chloroplasts . At WWDC 2005 , Steve Jobs announced this transition , revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures . However , there is a growing body of evidence that stromules are functional , integral features of plant cell plastids , not merely artifacts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57296de03f37b3190047839e_m",
              "question": "When was the trunk found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 726
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were stromules discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "-- 1 record , and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- . -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots . Traveling to Boston in April 1871 , Bell proved successful in training the school 's instructors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a_m",
              "question": "Who is the most valuable player in the NFL in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cam Newton",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the 2015 NFL MVP?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-276_m",
          "context": "It was shown by Ladner that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem are examples of problems believed to be NP-intermediate. They are some of the very few NP problems not known to be in P or to be NP-complete.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ladner",
            "np"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4_m",
              "question": "Who proves that P = NP means that P or NP does not exist at all?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ladner",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who demonstrated that P= NP implies problems not present in P or NP-complete?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2011_m",
          "context": "The new British command was not in place until July . . . The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world , and Oklahoma City 's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier . Building on Vaudreuil 's work harassing the Oswego garrison , as if to presage another attack along Lake George . . In the aftermath . The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables , which angered the Indians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "loudoun",
            "albany",
            "ticonderoga",
            "montcalm",
            "oswego"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fd66d058e614000b6737_m",
              "question": "Where did montalm escape the attack, largely unprotected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oswego",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Moncalm slip away to attack, left largely unprotected?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-50_m",
          "context": ". . Bateman was also president during the September 11th attacks in 2001 . After the miss -- 7 lead . Carolina got off to another strong start after the kickoff . But once again they came up empty . , but Trevathan recovered it to enable Denver to keep possession .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "trevathan",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "graham gano",
            "broncos",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "t. j. ward",
            "corey brown",
            "ted ginn jr."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c_m",
              "question": "Who found out that ward missed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trevathan",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who recovered Ward's fumble?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-55_m",
          "context": "One of the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Skłodowska-Curie, who achieved international recognition for her research on radioactivity and was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize. Famous musicians include Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin. Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, about 60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old. Casimir Pulaski, a Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1745",
            "seven months old"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a5f54776f41900660f48_m",
              "question": "When was Kashmir Plasky born in Warsaw?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1745",
                  "answer_start": 517
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was Casimir Pulaski born in Warsaw?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1632_m",
          "context": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian -LRB- 83 % -RRB- , with 47.7 % regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5 % as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite . The Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya and the surrounding countries . There are smaller conservative Reformed churches , the Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church , the Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya , and the Reformed Church of East Africa . Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that `` The terrorists have won '' and , with a sideswipe at the show 's commercialism and voting process , that the decision as to who `` gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the ` Great American Idol Marketing Mandala ' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit . 621,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox Christians . Notably , Kenya has the highest number of Quakers in the world , with around 133,000 members . The only Jewish synagogue in the country is located in the capital , Nairobi .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nairobi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572922206aef051400154a8d_m",
              "question": "Where is the only synagogue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nairobi",
                  "answer_start": 1033
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is the only Jewish synagogue located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-152_m",
          "context": "Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal \"mad scientist\". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.",
          "c_entity": [
            "tesla",
            "new york"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9_m",
              "question": "Where does Tesla live all her life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York hotels",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Tesla live for much of his life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1022_m",
          "context": "Well represented in the collection is Meissen porcelain , from the first factory in Europe to discover the Chinese method of making porcelain . Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service . Ceramics from the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres are extensive . John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign . . Examples from every factory are represented , the collections of Chelsea porcelain and Worcester Porcelain being especially fine . . , which enriched the museum 's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics . This bequest forms part of the finest collection of East Asian pottery and porcelain in the world , including Kakiemon ware .",
          "c_entity": [
            "18th-century",
            "1731",
            "1762",
            "and 19th centuries",
            "19th-century",
            "1909"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4_m",
              "question": "When was Mason Gail in the V & a series?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1731",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year are the Meissen Vulture in the V&A collection dated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1662_m",
          "context": "On 23 June 2005 , Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research , as well as personal information about their finances and careers . Sherwood Boehlert , said this was a `` misguided and illegitimate investigation '' apparently aimed at intimidating scientists . , but these had little effect on the graph , which was generally correct . In a 2006 letter to Nature . No one had ever addressed the Party leader so brazenly in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "national research council",
            "bradley",
            "joe barton",
            "ed whitfield",
            "house committee on energy and commerce",
            "mann",
            "hughes",
            "u.s. national academy of sciences",
            "house science committee",
            "sherwood boehlert"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572943ab1d0469140077921c_m",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the Scientific Committee of the house of representatives?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sherwood Boehlert",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was chairman of the House Science Committee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-373_m",
          "context": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier, presented Luther with copies of his writings laid out on a table and asked him if the books were his, and whether he stood by their contents. Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question. He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day:",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann eck",
            "trier"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc_m",
              "question": "Who is John Ike's assistant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Archbishop of Trier",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To whom was Johann Eck the assistant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-8_m",
          "context": ". The $ 1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014 . Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven , Connecticut . The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados ; Desperados owner Jerry Jones had purposely designed the Desperados ' properties around those of the Dallas Cowboys , making the two inseparable . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "2003",
            "may 21, 2013",
            "2014",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530_m",
              "question": "When did levy make the stadium public?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Levi's stadium open to the public? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-846_m",
          "context": "The neighborhood of Sunnyside is on Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue. Although parts of Sunnyside are within the City of Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a \"county island\" within Fresno County. Largely developed in the 1950s through the 1970s, it has recently experienced a surge in new home construction. It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club, which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell.",
          "c_entity": [
            "sunnyside country club",
            "william p. bell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9_m",
              "question": "Who designed the golf course of Sun City Country Club?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William P. Bell",
                  "answer_start": 504
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the golf course located at the Sunnyside Country Club?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1912_m",
          "context": "In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . In August , the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards , at which Beyoncé performed `` Love on Top '' and started the performance saying `` Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet , I want you to feel the love that 's growing inside of me '' . However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire . . Whereas they won the war in Algeria , the French leader at the time , Charles de Gaulle , decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962 . Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France . Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg 's capital -LRB- see also : House of Hanover -RRB- . Nearly all of France 's colonies gained independence by 1960 , but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vietnam",
            "africa",
            "france",
            "algeria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730aa52069b531400832220_m",
              "question": "Where did France win the war in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algeria",
                  "answer_start": 498
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did France win a war in the 1950's"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1350_m",
          "context": "Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard -LRB- its first benefactor -RRB- , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning , and the Harvard Corporation -LRB- formally , the President and Fellows of Harvard College -RRB- is its first chartered corporation . One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology -LRB- 1869 -RRB- founded by Rudolph Virchow , known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists . Although never formally affiliated with any denomination , the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy . . Following the American Civil War . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war . The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "1900",
            "the 18th century",
            "1909",
            "1869",
            "1977"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727aa413acd2414000de922_m",
              "question": "When did the undergraduate program begin to be coeducated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 895
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the undergraduate program become coeducational?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-409_m",
          "context": "By the 1890s , owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings , the University began to move west . Luther 's 1541 hymn `` Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam '' -LRB- `` To Jordan came the Christ our Lord '' -RRB- reflects the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning baptism in the Small Catechism . Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates ' poker losses for payment after graduation , and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him . Luther adopted a preexisting Johann Walter tune associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67 's prayer for grace ; Wolf Heintz 's four-part setting of the hymn was used to introduce the Lutheran Reformation in Halle in 1541 . Preachers and composers of the 18th century , including J. S. Bach , used this rich hymn as a subject for their own work , although its objective baptismal theology was displaced by more subjective hymns under the influence of late-19th-century Lutheran pietism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "halle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f87e95aef237190062610e_m",
              "question": "Where did the reformation begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Halle",
                  "answer_start": 744
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the baptismal hymn used to introduce the Reformation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1885_m",
          "context": "Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims , -LRB- most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham , Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest -RRB- , and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook . Their presence , combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein , heightened by exposés such as the 2007 Channel 4 documentary programme Undercover Mosque , has given rise to the term Londonistan . Following the 9/11 attacks , however , Abu Hamza al-Masri , the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque , was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK to avoid internment . The last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313_m",
              "question": "When did the four channel documentary \"secret mosque\" explode?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque air?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-772_m",
          "context": ", the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy . The suit claimed infringement on Knievel 's trademarked name and likeness . , which required workforce consultation in businesses , and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive . , including labour and industry relations , equal opportunity , health and safety , public health , protection of children , the disabled and elderly , poverty , migrant workers , education , training and youth . Namibia -LRB- i/nəˈmɪbiə / , / næˈ - / -RRB- , officially the Republic of Namibia -LRB- German : Republik Namibia -LRB- help · info -RRB- ; Afrikaans : Republiek van Namibië -RRB- is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1994",
            "1997",
            "previously",
            "the 10 years",
            "1996",
            "social chapter the european union"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78e0_m",
              "question": "When was the instruction on parental leave drafted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Parental Leave directive created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-40_m",
          "context": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America , with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer . Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics -LRB- 1947 -RRB- . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james lofton",
            "kevin harlan",
            "dan fouts",
            "mark malone",
            "boomer esiason",
            "jim gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2_m",
              "question": "Who played Westwood one?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Harlan",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did play-by-play on Westwood One?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1072_m",
          "context": "In 2000, ABC launched a web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo, also called \"the dot\", in which comic book character Little Dot prompted visitors to \"download the dot\", a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner. The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001–02 identity, which continued using the black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots.",
          "c_entity": [
            "troika design group",
            "abc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572734af708984140094dae4_m",
              "question": "Who was hired to make ABC's 2001-02 identity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Troika Design Group",
                  "answer_start": 319
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was hired to produce ABC's 2001-02 identity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-601_m",
          "context": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery. It used condensing steam to create a vacuum which was used to raise water from below, then it used steam pressure to raise it higher. Small engines were effective though larger models were problematic. They proved only to have a limited lift height and were prone to boiler explosions. It received some use in mines, pumping stations and for supplying water wheels used to power textile machinery. An attractive feature of the Savery engine was its low cost. Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction \"to render it capable of working itself\", as described by John Smeaton in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751. It continued to be manufactured until the late 18th century. One engine was still known to be operating in 1820.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john smeaton",
            "thomas savery"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f_m",
              "question": "Who developed the first commercial steam engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Savery",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who developed the first commercial steam powered device?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-117_m",
          "context": ". Later , many took up service with the Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains . A Norman named Oursel led a force of `` Franks '' into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria . The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding , but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011 . From 1073 to 1074 , 8,000 of the 20,000 troops of the Armenian general Philaretus Brachamius were Normans -- formerly of Oursel . They even lent their ethnicity to the name of their castle , meaning `` Franks . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afranji",
            "oursel",
            "raimbaud",
            "bari",
            "taron",
            "anatolia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de10b44396321400ee2594_m",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the Franks when they entered the Euphrates Valley?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oursel",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader when the Franks entered the Euphrates valley?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-172_m",
          "context": "Tesla 's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse 's subsequent licensing of the patent , both in 1888 , put Tesla firmly on the `` AC '' side of the so-called `` War of Currents . This started out as a competition between rival lighting systems with Edison holding all the patents for DC and the incandescent light and Westinghouse using his own patented AC system to power arc lights as well as incandescent lamps of a slightly different design to get around the Edison patent . In September 1681 Louis ' forces , though lacking a clear casus belli , surrounded the city with overwhelming force . Consequently , Elizabeth 's father became king , and she became heir presumptive . The acquisition of a feasible AC motor gave Westinghouse a key patent in building a completely integrated AC system , but the financial strain of buying up patents and hiring the engineers needed to build it meant development of Tesla 's motor had to be put on hold for a while . , which was consolidated into the conglomerate General Electric and converting to an AC delivery system at that point .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1890",
            "1888",
            "1892",
            "1886"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d_m",
              "question": "When did the competition between Westinghouse and Edison peak begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the rivalry between Westinghouse and Edison reach its peak?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-123_m",
          "context": "When finally Edward the Confessor returned from his father's refuge in 1041, at the invitation of his half-brother Harthacnut, he brought with him a Norman-educated mind. He also brought many Norman counsellors and fighters, some of whom established an English cavalry force. This concept never really took root, but it is a typical example of the attitudes of Edward. He appointed Robert of Jumièges archbishop of Canterbury and made Ralph the Timid earl of Hereford. He invited his brother-in-law Eustace II, Count of Boulogne to his court in 1051, an event which resulted in the greatest of early conflicts between Saxon and Norman and ultimately resulted in the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1051",
            "1041"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1_m",
              "question": "When did Edward come back?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1041",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Edward return?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1359_m",
          "context": "Women remained segregated at Radcliffe , though more and more took Harvard classes . Nonetheless , Harvard 's undergraduate population remained predominantly male , with about four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe . Following the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977 , the proportion of female undergraduates steadily increased , mirroring a trend throughout higher education in the United States . Harvard 's graduate schools , which had accepted females and other groups in greater numbers even before the college , also became more diverse in the post-World War II period . The Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s , with a total of 64 certifications . Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium ; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés -LRB- 1014-1163 -RRB- ; the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis -LRB- 1144 -RRB- , the Notre Dame Cathedral -LRB- 1163-1345 -RRB- , the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle -LRB- 1239-1248 -RRB- , the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis -LRB- 1627-1641 -RRB- and Les Invalides -LRB- 1670-1708 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14_m",
              "question": "When did Harvard and Radcliffe merge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did Harvard and Radcliffe admissions merge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-32_m",
          "context": "In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50 will also receive a large, 18-karat gold-plated \"50\". Each digit will weigh 33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66 lb (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vince lombardi",
            "lombardi trophy",
            "tiffany & co."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351_m",
              "question": "Who designed the Vince Lombardy trophy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tiffany & Co.",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Vince Lombardi Trophy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1148_m",
          "context": "Before Genghis Khan died , he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons . He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia . He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location . The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron , which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage . , Central Asia . Heacock 's , a luxury department store , was considered as the best department store in the Orient . Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations . As a result , Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories .",
          "c_entity": [
            "caucasus",
            "mongolia",
            "eurasia",
            "eastern europe",
            "southwest",
            "china",
            "russia",
            "central asia",
            "korea",
            "mongol empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a00d708984140094cc29_m",
              "question": "Where is Genghis Khan buried?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Genghis Khan buried?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-17_m",
          "context": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock. Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab_m",
              "question": "Who lost to the Broncos in the division?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who lost to the Broncos in the divisional round?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-325_m",
          "context": "While studying , Kerry worked as a talk radio host on WBZ and , in July 1974 , was named executive director of Mass Action , a Massachusetts advocacy association . A 2000 study found that 42 % of UK teachers experienced occupational stress , twice the figure for the average profession . A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety , depression , and stress than average workers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "uk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80_m",
              "question": "Where was the 2000 study conducted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "UK",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the 2000 study conducted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-892_m",
          "context": "Hong Taiji 's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects . The father played the flute and violin ; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept . , the disease spread northwest across Europe . . . The plague was somewhat less common in parts of Europe that had smaller trade relations with their neighbours , the majority of the Basque Country , and isolated alpine villages throughout the continent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bergen",
            "italy",
            "belgium",
            "norway",
            "poland",
            "europe",
            "netherlands",
            "russia",
            "kingdom of",
            "england",
            "france",
            "germany",
            "askøy",
            "iceland",
            "scandinavia",
            "portugal",
            "spain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572648ed5951b619008f6f03_m",
              "question": "Where does the disease begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northwest across Europe",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Which direction did the disease first move in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-20_m",
          "context": "This was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the # 1 pick in their draft classes . Manning was the # 1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft . Chroniclers recorded that John had a `` mad infatuation '' with Isabella , and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215 ; they had five children . : Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver . , Newton was 26 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "13 years",
            "1998",
            "48 days",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7_m",
              "question": "When did Manning make the NFL draft?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Manning picked #1 in the NFL Draft?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1582_m",
          "context": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire. Chinese physicians were brought along military campaigns by the Mongols as they expanded towards the west. Chinese medical techniques such as acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs were transmitted westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire. Several medical advances were made in the Yuan period. The physician Wei Yilin (1277–1347) invented a suspension method for reducing dislocated joints, which he performed using anesthetics. The Mongol physician Hu Sihui described the importance of a healthy diet in a 1330 medical treatise.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1347",
            "1277",
            "1330"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572881704b864d1900164a54_m",
              "question": "When did Wei Yilin die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1347",
                  "answer_start": 711
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Wei Yilin die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-69_m",
          "context": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000. They also won the country’s championship in 1946, and won the cup twice as well. Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street, a ten-minute walk north from the Old Town. Polonia was relegated from the country's top flight in 2013 because of their disastrous financial situation. They are now playing in the 4th league (5th tier in Poland) -the bottom professional league in the National – Polish Football Association (PZPN) structure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "polish football association",
            "polonia warsaw",
            "national"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32_m",
              "question": "Who won the Grand Prix in 2000?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Polonia Warsaw",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who won the Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1800_m",
          "context": ". At that time . The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC , and by the 1st century BC , the areal of the La Tène culture covered almost its entire length , forming a contact zone with the Jastorf culture , i.e. the locus of early Celtic-Germanic cultural contact . In Roman geography , the Rhine formed the boundary between Gallia and Germania by definition ; e.g. Maurus Servius Honoratus . '' There were exceptions , Leonard W. Hall , for example , who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration 's eyes to the political facts of life , with occasional success . Later that day , Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down .",
          "c_entity": [
            "herodotus",
            "gaul",
            "vergil",
            "upper rhine",
            "maurus servius honoratus",
            "germanos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300761947a6a140053cf9d_m",
              "question": "Who first wrote about the discovery and boundary of the Rhine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maurus Servius Honoratus",
                  "answer_start": 422
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first wrote about the Rhine's discovery and border?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1562_m",
          "context": "The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner , a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot . Emperor Gegeen Khan , ruled for only two years , from 1321 to 1323 . He continued his father 's policies to reform the government based on the Confucian principles . During his reign : 大元通制 , `` the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan '' -RRB- , a huge collection of codes and regulations of the Yuan dynasty begun by his father , was formally promulgated . Gegeen was assassinated in a coup involving five princes from a rival faction , perhaps steppe elite opposed to Confucian reforms . In 1439 , Kiev became the seat of a separate `` Metropolitan of Kiev , Galich and all Rus ' '' for all Greek Orthodox Christians under Polish-Lithuanian rule . , and , after an unsuccessful attempt to calm the princes , he also succumbed to regicide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gegeen khan",
            "ayurbarwada",
            "baiju",
            "da yuan tong zhi",
            "yesün temür"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5_m",
              "question": "Who is elbawada's son?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gegeen Khan",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Ayurbarwada's son?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1591_m",
          "context": ", who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King , who was ranked last , and the Koreans surrendered last , and that the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting . Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed -LRB- but ultimately successful -RRB- `` failure '' of his daytime strategy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "kublai khan",
            "karluks",
            "karluk kara-khanid",
            "qocho"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d_m",
              "question": "Who did the Mongols give North Korea to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Uighurs",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Mongols give control of Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1853_m",
          "context": "During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing. The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige, \"experience, ideology, and weapons\", and had considerable impact.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1970s",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6_m",
              "question": "When did Western governments support young Islamists?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "During the 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Western governments support fledgling Islamists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1046_m",
          "context": "One of the earliest surviving examples of European quilting, the late 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection. The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles designed by William Morris, including, embroidery, woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets, as well as pattern books and paper designs. The art deco period is covered by rugs and fabrics designed by Marion Dorn. From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marion dorn",
            "serge chermayeff",
            "william morris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270676dd62a815002e97f1_m",
              "question": "Who designed the V & a series of Forest Wallpaper?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Morris",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed The Forest tapestry in the V&A collection?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1483_m",
          "context": ". . David Tennant hosted the event , introducing the different sections of the concert . They visited the Exposition Universelle -LRB- a successor to Albert 's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition -RRB- and Napoleon I 's tomb at Les Invalides -LRB- to which his remains had only been returned in 1840 -RRB- , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles . Murray Gold and Russell T Davies answered questions during the interval and Daleks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played . . The country 's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo `` Mercy '' James ; however , the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country . A Doctor Who Prom was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in the Royal Albert Hall as part of the annual BBC Proms . The BBC Philharmonic and the London Philharmonic Choir performed Murray Gold 's compositions for the series , conducted by Ben Foster , as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time . The event was presented by Freema Agyeman and guest-presented by various other stars of the show with numerous monsters participating in the proceedings . It also featured the specially filmed mini-episode `` Music of the Spheres '' , written by Russell T Davies and starring David Tennant .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christmas day 2006",
            "19 november 2006",
            "the 2005 christmas",
            "27 july 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc_m",
              "question": "When did the prom doctor come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 July 2008",
                  "answer_start": 756
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was a Doctor Who Prom performed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1162_m",
          "context": "Accounts of Genghis Khan 's life are marked by claims of a series of betrayals and conspiracies . These include rifts with his early allies such as Jamukha -LRB- who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes -RRB- and Wang Khan -LRB- his and his father 's ally -RRB- , and problems with the most important shaman . With more than 500 km -LRB- 311 mi -RRB- of bicycle paths , biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop ' . Henry II triumphed over the coalition of his sons , but was generous to them in the peace settlement agreed at Montlouis . His military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals . He seemed to be a quick student , adopting new technologies and ideas that he encountered , such as siege warfare from the Chinese . He was also ruthless , demonstrated by his tactic of measuring against the linchpin , used against the tribes led by Jamukha .",
          "c_entity": [
            "khasar",
            "genghis khan",
            "yam",
            "wang khan",
            "jochi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b879708984140094cf05_m",
              "question": "Who are the allies of Genghis Khan's long abandoned father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wang Khan",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the ally of his father that Genghis Khan fell out as time passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-740_m",
          "context": "The S-IVB orbital workshop was the only one of these plans to make it off the drawing board. Dubbed Skylab, it was constructed complete on the ground rather than in space, and launched in 1973 using the two lower stages of a Saturn V. It was equipped with an Apollo Telescope Mount, the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions. Skylab's last crew departed the station on February 8, 1974, and the station itself re-entered the atmosphere in 1979, by which time it had become the oldest operational Apollo-Saturn component.",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 8, 1974",
            "1973",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ef6838643c19005acece_m",
              "question": "When did Skylab start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Skylab launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1879_m",
          "context": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist, interested in spreading \"an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs\" under the label of Sharia to an entire country. Their ideology was also described as being influenced by Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden.",
          "c_entity": [
            "osama bin laden",
            "taliban"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3_m",
              "question": "Who influenced the ideology of the Taliban?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Osama bin Laden",
                  "answer_start": 615
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who influenced the Taliban's ideology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1546_m",
          "context": "Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893 . The Yuan dynasty -LRB- Chinese : 元朝 ; pinyin : Yuán Cháo -RRB- , officially the Great Yuan -LRB- Chinese : 大元 ; pinyin : Dà Yuán ; Mongolian : Yehe Yuan Ulus -LSB- a -RSB- -RRB- , was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan , leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan . , it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style . His realm was , by this point , isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of present-day China and its surrounding areas , including modern Mongolia and Korea . , after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty . Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese language , while others only used their native language -LRB- i.e. Mongolian -RRB- and the ` Phags-pa script .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "decades",
            "1368",
            "1271"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba_m",
              "question": "When did Khan officially declare the Yuan Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1271",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Khan formally declare the Yuan dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-46_m",
          "context": ". , but Carolina 's defense dug in over the next three plays . First . Then after an incompletion , forcing Denver to settle for a 3 -- 0 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal . The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit . The 17-year-old assailant , Marcus Sarjeant , was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaq thompson",
            "panthers",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "thomas davis",
            "peyton manning",
            "andre caldwell",
            "brandon mcmanus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a_m",
              "question": "Who threw a goal at Denver?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brandon McManus",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who kicked a field goal for Denver?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1175_m",
          "context": "In 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts. His armies quickly took Heisui, Ganzhou, and Suzhou (not the Suzhou in Jiangsu province), and in the autumn he took Xiliang-fu[disambiguation needed]. One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated. In November, Genghis laid siege to the Tangut city Lingzhou and crossed the Yellow River, defeating the Tangut relief army. According to legend, it was here that Genghis Khan reportedly saw a line of five stars arranged in the sky and interpreted it as an omen of his victory.",
          "c_entity": [
            "autumn",
            "november",
            "1226"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b_m",
              "question": "When did Genghis Khan seize Xiliang mansion from Tang Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "autumn",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What season was it when Genghis Khan took Xiliang-fu from the Tanguts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1445_m",
          "context": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor , a Time Lord -- a space and time-travelling humanoid alien . He was known as `` Athanasius Contra Mundum '' -LRB- Latin for Athanasius Against the World -RRB- . He explores the universe in his TARDIS , a sentient time-travelling space ship . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2_m",
              "question": "Who is the producer of whose doctor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BBC",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the producer of Doctor Who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-368_m",
          "context": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther 's letter containing the 95 Theses . He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517 forwarded them to Rome . He needed the revenue from the indulgences to pay off a papal dispensation for his tenure of more than one bishopric . However the United Nations intervened , naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces , and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan , gaining time for reinforcement . As Luther later noted , `` the pope had a finger in the pie as well , because one half was to go to the building of St Peter 's Church in Rome '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 1517"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99_m",
              "question": "When did Archbishop Albrecht road send his letter to Rome with 95 papers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 1517",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Archbishop Albrecht send Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses to Rome?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-439_m",
          "context": "Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld, was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld bringing the industry under his own control. The controversy that ensued involved all four Mansfeld counts: Albrecht, Philip, John George, and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice in late 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546 for their completion.",
          "c_entity": [
            "early 1546",
            "late 1545"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3_m",
              "question": "When is the third visit to mnafield?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1546",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was a third visit to Mnafeld scheduled? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-20_m",
          "context": "The feast of the Annunciation -LRB- which commemorates the virginal conception and the Incarnation of Jesus -RRB- is celebrated on 25 March , nine months before Christmas Day . This was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the # 1 pick in their draft classes . , while Newton was picked first in 2011 . The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other : Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver . , Newton was 26 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "13 years",
            "1998",
            "48 days",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8_m",
              "question": "When was Newton the first choice for the NFL draft?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Newton the first selection in the NFL Draft?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-124_m",
          "context": "In 1066 , Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings . The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England . The nobility of England were part of a single Normans culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel . Early Norman kings of England , as Dukes of Normandy , owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent . They considered England to be their most important holding -LRB- it brought with it the title of King -- an important status symbol -RRB- . The ukiyo-e artist Hokusai popularized the Japanese term for comics and cartooning , manga , in the early 19th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1066"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7_m",
              "question": "When was the battle of Hastings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1066",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Hastings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1767_m",
          "context": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[note 7] The \"total length of the Rhine\", to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat in 2010.[note 1]",
          "c_entity": [
            "alpine",
            "lake constance",
            "old rhine bridge"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc_m",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine begin? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-3_m",
          "context": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511_m",
              "question": "Who was awarded the Super Bowl top 50 MVP?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Von Miller",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was given the esteemed status of MVP for Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-14_m",
          "context": ", throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns , with 17 interceptions . In contrast , 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4 . In the first months of 1944 , the Chinese and American troops of the Northern Combat Area Command -LRB- NCAC -RRB- , commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell , began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma , while the XV Corps began an advance along the coast in the Arakan Province . , while adding another 106 yards returning punts . . Running back C. J. Anderson was the team 's leading rusher 863 yards and seven touchdowns , while also catching 25 passes for 183 yards . , five touchdowns , 24 receptions , and a 4.7 yards per carry average . Overall , the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points and did not have any Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "ronnie hillman",
            "emmanuel sanders",
            "c. j. anderson",
            "owen daniels",
            "demaryius thomas",
            "osweiler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c_m",
              "question": "Who has the hottest shipyard in Mustang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "C. J. Anderson",
                  "answer_start": 513
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had the most rushing yards on the Broncos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2046_m",
          "context": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas . For example , Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation . . In the 20th century , the development of quantum mechanics led to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces -LRB- all except gravity -RRB- are manifestations of matter -LRB- fermions -RRB- interacting by exchanging virtual particles called gauge bosons . In 1995 Beyoncé 's father resigned from his job to manage the group . This standard model of particle physics posits a similarity between the forces and led scientists to predict the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation . , but observations such as neutrino oscillations indicate that the standard model is incomplete . A Grand Unified Theory allowing for the combination of the electroweak interaction with the strong force is held out as a possibility with candidate theories such as supersymmetry proposed to accommodate some of the outstanding unsolved problems in physics . Physicists are still attempting to develop self-consistent unification models that would combine all four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything . , but currently the most popular approach to answering this question is string theory. : 212 -- 219",
          "c_entity": [
            "james clerk maxwell",
            "einstein",
            "isaac newton",
            "michael faraday",
            "higgs"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19_m",
              "question": "Who formed the theory of gravitation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Newton",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who formed the universal theory of gravitation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-372_m",
          "context": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities . In the middle of the 2nd century BC , the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran , and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began , culminating in the Roman -- Parthian Wars . On 18 April 1521 . This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms , a town on the Rhine . Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters , Ted Quinlan , head of the Canberra torch relay committee , said : `` We did n't expect this reaction from the Chinese community . It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521 . Prince Frederick III , Elector of Saxony , obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the meeting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "diet of worms",
            "frederick iii",
            "charles v presiding",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5_m",
              "question": "Who has a security pass for Luther to leave?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Frederick III",
                  "answer_start": 675
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who got a safe conduct pass for Luther to come and leave the event?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1861_m",
          "context": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah , Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna . His was arguably the first , largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization . Under the motto `` the Qur ` an is our constitution , '' it sought Islamic revival through preaching and also by providing basic community services including schools , mosques , and workshops . Like Maududi , Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion , and of eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world . After the defeat , the Gurkhas began to expand towards the south of the state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001_m",
              "question": "When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-901_m",
          "context": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.",
          "c_entity": [
            "medieval",
            "october 2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4_m",
              "question": "When was the study of Y chromosome sequence published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2011",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the study on sequenced Y genomes published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1768_m",
          "context": "Some escaped , and somewhere inland on Santo Domingo , the first Black Indians were born . Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution . . The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur . This section is nearly 86 km long , and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m . : Rheintal -RRB- . Near Sargans a natural dam , only a few metres high . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "liechtenstein",
            "chur",
            "lake zurich",
            "anterior rhine",
            "switzerland",
            "seeztal",
            "lake walen and",
            "austria",
            "valley",
            "graubünden",
            "aare"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b_m",
              "question": "Where is the Rhine clearly turning north?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chur",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-52_m",
          "context": "With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line. Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it, Newton did not and his lack of aggression later earned him heavy criticism. Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs. Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler for a 2-point conversion, giving Denver a 24–10 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away. Carolina had two more drives, but failed to get a first down on each one.",
          "c_entity": [
            "4:51",
            "3:08"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d726b60d65d214001983ee_m",
              "question": "When Denver raised the score to 24-10, how much time is left?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "3:08",
                  "answer_start": 820
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "How much time was left in the game when Denver took the score to 24-10?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1899_m",
          "context": "Imperialism has played an important role in the histories of Japan , Korea , the Assyrian Empire , the Chinese Empire , the Roman Empire , Greece , the Byzantine Empire , the Persian Empire , the Ottoman Empire , Ancient Egypt , the British Empire , India , and many other empires . Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire , and of other war-lords . Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner . Historically recognized Muslim empires number in the dozens . Sub-Saharan Africa has also featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era , for example the Ethiopian Empire , Oyo Empire , Luba Empire , and Mutapa Empire . The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asante union",
            "ottoman empire",
            "incan empire",
            "assyrian empire",
            "genghis khan",
            "lunda empire",
            "mutapa empire",
            "persian empire",
            "mongol empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573092088ab72b1400f9c594_m",
              "question": "Who used imperialism during Mongol rule?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Genghis Khan",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who used imperialism during their rule of the Mongol Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-996_m",
          "context": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and the Scottish Government with a view to opening a new £43 million gallery in Dundee that would use the V&A brand although it would be funded through and operated independently. As of 2015, with costs estimated at £76 million, it is the most expensive gallery project ever undertaken in Scotland. The V&A Dundee will be on the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography. It is planned that it could open within five years. Dundee City Council is expected to pay a major part of the running costs. The V&A is not contributing financially, but will be providing expertise, loans and exhibitions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "five years",
            "2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269656708984140094cb01_m",
              "question": "When can V & A Dundee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "within five years",
                  "answer_start": 576
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When could V&A Dundee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1933_m",
          "context": "In the more than 220 years since 1784, Methodism in the United States, like many other Protestant denominations, has seen a number of divisions and mergers. In 1830, the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over the issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church, insisting that clergy should not be the only ones to have any determination in how the church was to be operated. In 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops in the denomination.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1830",
            "more than 220 years since 1784",
            "1844"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309d31396df91900096210_m",
              "question": "When did the methodical Evangelical Church break up with the methodical bishop church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-854_m",
          "context": "This attack , codenamed Operation U-Go , was advocated by Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi , the recently promoted commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army ; Imperial General Headquarters permitted it to proceed , despite misgivings at several intervening headquarters . While many homes in the neighborhood date back to the 1930s or before , the neighborhood is also home to several public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority . The US Department of Housing and Urban Development has also built small subdivisions of single-family homes in the area for purchase by low-income working families . There have been numerous attempts to revitalize the neighborhood , an aborted attempt to build luxury homes and a golf course on the western edge of the neighborhood , and the stench from these -LRB- and other small industrial facilities -RRB- has long plagued area residents . The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also on the West Side . Due to its position on the edge of the city and years of neglect by developers , is not a true `` inner-city '' neighborhood , and there are many vacant lots , strawberry fields and vineyards throughout the neighborhood . The neighborhood has very little retail activity , built in the late 1990s -RRB- and small corner markets scattered throughout .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kearney",
            "fresno housing authority",
            "fresno chandler executive airport",
            "street",
            "church ave",
            "west side",
            "palm shopping center"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772_m",
              "question": "Where is the airport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the West Side",
                  "answer_start": 975
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is the airport located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1025_m",
          "context": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994 , the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane . . Some of the most outstanding stained glass -- 48 comes from the Sainte-Chapelle . Another explanation , according to author Toni Strubell , is that the colours are from Robespierre 's First Republic . The Delhi Flying Club , established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara , was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929 , when it was the Delhi 's only airport and the second in India . . Examples of British stained glass are displayed in the British Galleries . One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly in the rotunda at the Museum 's main entrance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "present",
            "1994",
            "2004",
            "2005",
            "the 12th century",
            "1243",
            "13th-century",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52_m",
              "question": "When was the main exhibition hall of V & a ceramics and glass series redesigned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the main gallery of the V&A's ceramics and glass collection redesigned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-751_m",
          "context": ". . Under article 17 -LRB- 2 -RRB- , `` Union legislative acts may only be adopted on the basis of a Commission proposal , except where the Treaties provide otherwise . '' This means that the Commission has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure , although the Council is the `` de facto catalyst of many legislative initiatives '' . , giving reasons . The Commission 's President -LRB- currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister . He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times : first , the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures -LRB- Kil ` ayim -RRB- . In an unusually personal speech , the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism , but suggested it be done with `` a touch of humour , gentleness and understanding '' . Decisions are taken by a simple majority vote , usually through a `` written procedure '' of circulating the proposals and adopting if there are no objections . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Since Ireland refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007 , there remains one Commissioner for each of the 28 member states . The Commissioners -LRB- and most importantly , the portfolios they will hold -RRB- are bargained over intensively by the member states . The Commissioners , as a block . , was not adopted in the Treaty of Lisbon . This means Commissioners are , through the appointment process , the unelected subordinates of member state governments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "parliament",
            "council",
            "jean-claude juncker",
            "federica mogherini",
            "european commission",
            "european union"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d_m",
              "question": "Who is the only authority to make legislative proposals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Commission",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the sole governing authority capable of initiating legislative proposals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1583_m",
          "context": "The Monastery of Martyrius was founded in the end of the 5th century and it was re-discovered in 1982 -- 85 . Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court , where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine . He declared the office extinct , and all of its powers -LRB- such as control of the nuclear arsenal -RRB- were ceded to Yeltsin . The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai . Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospitals were responsible for treating the imperial family and members of the court . Chinese physicians opposed Western medicine because its humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine . No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known , but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna 's The Canon of Medicine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1263"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572881d34b864d1900164a5c_m",
              "question": "When was the western medicine office established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1263",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-8_m",
          "context": ". The $ 1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014 . In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces , ultimately the two expeditions failed -LRB- though they did devastate the Korean landmass -RRB- from factors such as Korean naval superiority -LRB- which , led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin , harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars , resulting in supply shortages on land -RRB- , the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea , Korean guerrilla actions , the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders -LRB- in the first campaign of 1592 , Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared , under-trained , and under-armed ; they were rapidly overrun , with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1597 , Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and , with the support of continued Korean naval superiority , limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea -RRB- , and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "2003",
            "may 21, 2013",
            "2014",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be5523acb8001400a5032e_m",
              "question": "When did Lev open the stadium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Lev's Stadium open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-920_m",
          "context": "At the beginning of the 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods. This changed the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the beginning of the 20th century",
            "previously"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266c015951b619008f7237_m",
              "question": "When did the ability to use radioisotopes develop to this day?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "At the beginning of the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the ability to use radioactive isotopes to date rock formations developed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2026_m",
          "context": "Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology . In Aristotle 's view , the terrestrial sphere contained four elements that come to rest at different `` natural places '' therein . Aristotle believed that motionless objects on Earth , those composed mostly of the elements earth and water , to be in their natural place on the ground and that they will stay that way if left alone . He distinguished between the innate tendency of objects to find their `` natural place '' -LRB- e.g. , for heavy bodies to fall -RRB- , which led to `` natural motion '' , and unnatural or forced motion , which required continued application of a force . This theory , based on the everyday experience of how objects move , such as the constant application of a force needed to keep a cart moving , had conceptual trouble accounting for the behavior of projectiles , such as the flight of arrows . He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus on comfort and ease . To kick off the match , local journalist and pilot Josep Canudas dropped the ball onto the pitch from his airplane . The place where the archer moves the projectile was at the start of the flight , and while the projectile sailed through the air , no discernible efficient cause acts on it . Aristotle was aware of this problem and proposed that the air displaced through the projectile 's path carries the projectile to its target . This explanation demands a continuum like air for change of place in general .",
          "c_entity": [
            "aristotle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85_m",
              "question": "Who has had a philosophical discussion about violence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aristotle",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who provided a philosophical discussion of force?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1086_m",
          "context": "In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly , becoming the first representative for CAR in the French government . However , a problem emerged regarding the directions taken by ABC and UPT . In 1950 , Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC 's president while he himself served as its CEO , a position he would hold until his death in 1958 . Despite the promise of non-interference between ABC and UPT . To the King 's annoyance , Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops . , in October 1954 , which was also mired in financial trouble . As part of this merger , the network would have been renamed `` ABC-DuMont '' for five years , and DuMont would have received $ 5 million in cash , room on the schedule for existing DuMont programming . In addition , as well as two other stations . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dumont television network",
            "abc",
            "dumont laboratories",
            "robert kintner",
            "wabd",
            "goldenson",
            "fcc",
            "cbs",
            "nbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273f9d708984140094db51_m",
              "question": "Who was appointed president of ABC by Nobel in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Kintner",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was appointed to be ABC's president by Noble in 1950?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-371_m",
          "context": "On 15 June 1520 , including the 95 Theses , within 60 days . That autumn . Karl von Miltitz , a papal nuncio , attempted to broker a solution , who had sent the Pope a copy of On the Freedom of a Christian in October , publicly set fire to the bull and decretals at Wittenberg on 10 December 1520 , an act he defended in Why the Pope and his Recent Book are Burned and Assertions Concerning All Articles . As a consequence , in the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem . Appalled , Albert travelled to Cambridge , where his son was studying , to confront him .",
          "c_entity": [
            "exsurge domine",
            "leo x",
            "johann eck",
            "luther",
            "karl von miltitz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81537aef2371900625db6_m",
              "question": "Who has tried to find compromise?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karl von Miltitz",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who attempted to arrange a compromise?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1912_m",
          "context": "In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . . . Whereas they won the war in Algeria , Charles de Gaulle . It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo 's first theatre -LRB- of 1793 -RRB- , during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture . Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France . The following week , unlike previous seasons , Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home . Nearly all of France 's colonies gained independence by 1960 , but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence . It has repeatedly sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups d'état .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1945",
            "1960",
            "time",
            "the 1950s",
            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730aa52069b531400832221_m",
              "question": "When did most French colonies gain independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 654
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1570_m",
          "context": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to \"Cambaluc,\" the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Million, known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo), appeared about the year 1299. Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses, which would have been a prominent sight since Europeans had yet to adopt a tea culture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan. Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders since many of the places he named were in Persian.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marco polo",
            "great khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28_m",
              "question": "Who is the first known European to visit and return to China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marco Polo",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first known European to visit China and return?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-893_m",
          "context": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1348",
            "autumn 1347"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f_m",
              "question": "When did the plague come to Alexandria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "autumn 1347",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When had the plague reached Alexandria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1046_m",
          "context": "One of the earliest surviving examples of European quilting, the late 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection. The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles designed by William Morris, including, embroidery, woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets, as well as pattern books and paper designs. The art deco period is covered by rugs and fabrics designed by Marion Dorn. From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late 14th-century",
            "1887"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270676dd62a815002e97f2_m",
              "question": "When was the forest carpet made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1887",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year was the The Forest tapestry created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-537_m",
          "context": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1697",
            "the early years",
            "1685"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0_m",
              "question": "When did the Huguenots have the right to barons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1697",
                  "answer_start": 796
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Huguenots secure the right to own land in the Baronies?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1490_m",
          "context": "TVOntario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series -LRB- several years late -RRB- through to series 24 in 1991 . These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel . From 1979 to 1981 , TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer Judith Merril who would introduce the episode and then , after the episode concluded , try to place it in an educational context in keeping with TVO 's status as an educational channel . . . The series moved to the Canadian cable channel Space in 2009 . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "judith merril",
            "weng-chiang",
            "ytv",
            "cbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572825714b864d1900164594_m",
              "question": "Who is the doctor who presented this episode for a while?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Judith Merril",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What science fiction writer introduced the Doctor Who episodes for a period of time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-167_m",
          "context": "In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown . The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents for financial gain . Based on Tesla 's patents and other ideas they agreed to back him financially and handle his patents . Together in April 1887 they formed the Tesla Electric Company with an agreement that profits from generated patents would go 1/3 to Tesla , 1/3 to Peck and Brown , and 1/3 to fund development . The term Bushidō , the `` way of the warrior '' , is derived from this term and the mansion of a warrior was called bukeyashiki . They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan where he worked on improving and developing new types of electric motors , generators and other devices . His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo , whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962 , to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent , an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope 's recent knowledge that he had cancer .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
            "western",
            "manhattan",
            "new york"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3_m",
              "question": "Where is Tesla's lab?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manhattan",
                  "answer_start": 638
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was a lab for Tesla set up?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1827_m",
          "context": "Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee . This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance . The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems , partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers in their scrutiny of the government and partly to compensate for the fact that there is no revising chamber . The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses , conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation . Committee meetings take place on Tuesday , Wednesday and Thursday morning when Parliament is sitting . Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland .",
          "c_entity": [
            "scotland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9_m",
              "question": "Where do the committees outside parliament meet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "other locations throughout Scotland",
                  "answer_start": 773
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where might committees meet outside of Parliament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-122_m",
          "context": "The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the English Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard. His stay in Normandy (until 1016) influenced him and his sons by Emma, who stayed in Normandy after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle.",
          "c_entity": [
            "normandy",
            "england"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca_m",
              "question": "Where is Ethel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Normandy",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To where did Ethelred flee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1915_m",
          "context": "However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1883",
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685_m",
              "question": "When did Germany find its first settlement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 526
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Germany found their first settlement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1553_m",
          "context": "Louis Comfort Tiffany in America specialized in stained glass , both secular and religious , and his famous lamps . . Ogedei 's grandson Kaidu refused to submit to Kublai and threatened the western frontier of Kublai 's domain . The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south . , making it a Mongol tributary state . Kublai was also threatened by domestic unrest . Li Tan , the son-in-law of a powerful official , instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262 . After successfully suppressing the revolt , Kublai curbed the influence of the Han Chinese advisers in his court . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1262",
            "the early years",
            "future",
            "1259"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572867d72ca10214002da300_m",
              "question": "When did Litan lead the uprising?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1262",
                  "answer_start": 482
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Li Tan lead a revolt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1500_m",
          "context": ", Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD . The earliest of these featured the Fifth , Sixth and Seventh Doctors . Tom Baker 's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012 . Along with the main range , adventures of the First , Second and Third Doctors have been produced in both limited cast and full cast formats , as well as audiobooks . 1855 : Georgian coast : Omar Pasha , the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia , but the western powers vetoed it . , produced as part of the series ' 50th Anniversary celebrations , marked the first time Big Finish created stories -LRB- in this case audiobooks -RRB- featuring the Doctors from the revived show . This early example of a corporate logo , introduced as part of Herbert Chapman 's rebranding of the club in the 1930s , was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium , including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "1999",
            "2013",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572835854b864d1900164732_m",
              "question": "When did the fourth doctor appear on the CD?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Fourth Doctor appear on CD?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-538_m",
          "context": "Stadtholder William III of Orange , who later became King of England , emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672 . In Colombia , Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared , if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings , we prefer not to receive one cent . Modern scholars , however , point out that Cicero -LRB- 106 -- 43 BCE -RRB- , who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas , in fact frequently used the word in both senses , as did his near contemporaries . William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state . Consequently , which led the opposition to Louis XIV . They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there .",
          "c_entity": [
            "calvinist dutch republic",
            "stadtholder william iii of orange",
            "louis xiv",
            "nantes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8_m",
              "question": "Who is Louis XIV's biggest opponent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William III of Orange",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Louis XIV's main rival?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1883_m",
          "context": "In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames \"the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 7th century",
            "1924"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302e45947a6a140053d22f_m",
              "question": "When did the four guided caliphs die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "7th century",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1458_m",
          "context": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public 's consciousness , who lived in the resort of Herne Bay , was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine . In 1996 , the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS ' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who . The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha -LRB- in modern Bihar -RRB- when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty . In 1998 , the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim ; but in 2002 , the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC .",
          "c_entity": [
            "metropolitan police authority",
            "anthony coburn",
            "bbc",
            "kent"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f_m",
              "question": "Who is against the BBC's use of blue boxes in who's selling doctors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Metropolitan Police Authority",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who filed an objection to the BBC using the blue police box in Doctor Who merchandise?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-3_m",
          "context": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d204ade7d4791d00902603_m",
              "question": "Who won the most valuable player in the super bowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Von Miller",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who won the MVP for the Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-123_m",
          "context": "The feature film Siones Wedding , co-written by Oscar Kightley , was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia . , at the invitation of his half-brother Harthacnut , he brought with him a Norman-educated mind . In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides -LRB- 1883 -- 1958 -RRB- who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice . He also brought many Norman counsellors and fighters , some of whom established an English cavalry force . This concept never really took root . . , Count of Boulogne to his court in 1051 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "harthacnut",
            "robert",
            "edward the confessor",
            "wessex",
            "earl godwin",
            "eustace ii",
            "ralph"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0_m",
              "question": "Who is Edward the Confessor's half brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harthacnut",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Edward the Confessor's half-brother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1280_m",
          "context": "LeGrande writes that \"the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland, he often finds that specific terminology has no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have.\" He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.",
          "c_entity": [
            "legrande",
            "alice"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572807802ca10214002d9bf8_m",
              "question": "Who wrote that it was difficult to establish a comprehensive definition of civil disobedience?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LeGrande",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that it is difficult to produce an all inclusive definition of civil disobedience?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1896_m",
          "context": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire `` during the last generation , and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description '' . British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius -LRB- Latin expression which stems from Roman law meaning 'em pty land ' -RRB- . The country of Australia serves as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule of the continent in the eighteenth century , as it was premised on terra nullius , and its settlers considered it unused by its sparse Aboriginal inhabitants . The earliest , colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty -LRB- 206 BCE - 220 CE -RRB- ; the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties -LRB- 420 - 589 CE -RRB- ; the third stratum of pronunciations -LRB- typically literary ones -RRB- comes from the Tang Dynasty -LRB- 618 -- 907 CE -RRB- and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang ` an -LRB- modern day Xi'an -RRB- , its capital .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the eighteenth century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57308ddc396df919000961a7_m",
              "question": "When did Britain colonize Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the eighteenth century",
                  "answer_start": 468
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Great Britain colonize Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-899_m",
          "context": "In October 2010, the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques for Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe that were associated archaeologically with the Black Death and subsequent resurgences. The authors concluded that this new research, together with prior analyses from the south of France and Germany, \". . . ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 2010",
            "1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264e2f708984140094c1e1_m",
              "question": "When was the paper published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In October 2010",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Plos Pathogens paper come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-126_m",
          "context": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity. Yet, with time, they came to be subsumed into Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became \"more Irish than the Irish themselves.\" The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland, later known as the Pale, and also built many fine castles and settlements, including Trim Castle and Dublin Castle. Both cultures intermixed, borrowing from each other's language, culture and outlook. Norman descendants today can be recognised by their surnames. Names such as French, (De) Roche, Devereux, D'Arcy, Treacy and Lacy are particularly common in the southeast of Ireland, especially in the southern part of County Wexford where the first Norman settlements were established. Other Norman names such as Furlong predominate there. Another common Norman-Irish name was Morell (Murrell) derived from the French Norman name Morel. Other names beginning with Fitz (from the Norman for son) indicate Norman ancestry. These included Fitzgerald, FitzGibbons (Gibbons) dynasty, Fitzmaurice. Other families bearing such surnames as Barry (de Barra) and De Búrca (Burke) are also of Norman extraction.",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "1169"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da_m",
              "question": "When did the Normans invade Banno Bay?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1169",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Norman's invade at Bannow Bay?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-157_m",
          "context": "In 1874 , Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj , near Gračac . There , he explored the mountains in hunter 's garb . Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger , both physically and mentally . A well-publicized case occurred in 2007 , when Jennifer Strange died while participating in a water-drinking contest . He read many books while in Tomingaj , and later said that Mark Twain 's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness . The father played the flute and violin ; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1874"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla receive the draft?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1874",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did Tesla avade the draft? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1894_m",
          "context": "The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism. Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state’s survival while Mackinder supported Britain’s imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "britain",
            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573088da069b53140083216c_m",
              "question": "Where was Harford mckinder born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Britain",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Halford Mackinder born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-752_m",
          "context": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (but not EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson where the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law. By contrast to the ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had ‘even the slightest sense of responsibility’. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office. In 2012 it investigated the Maltese Commissioner for Health, John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a €60m bribe in connection with a Tobacco Products Directive. Beyond the Commission, the European Central Bank has relative executive autonomy in its conduct of monetary policy for the purpose of managing the euro. It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "1999"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726926a5951b619008f7709_m",
              "question": "When was the Sant Committee condemned by Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1267_m",
          "context": "Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held, among others, by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells.",
          "c_entity": [
            "emil von behring",
            "elie metchnikoff",
            "robert koch"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a0a686aef0514001551ed_m",
              "question": "Who is the leading role of cellular immune theory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elie Metchnikoff",
                  "answer_start": 439
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the main proponent of the cellular theory of immunity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-754_m",
          "context": "The second main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states. The heads of government of member states also convene a \"European Council\" (a distinct body) that the TEU article 15 defines as providing the 'necessary impetus for its development and shall define the general political directions and priorities'. It meets each six months and its President (currently former Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk) is meant to 'drive forward its work', but it does not itself 'legislative functions'. The Council does this: in effect this is the governments of the member states, but there will be a different minister at each meeting, depending on the topic discussed (e.g. for environmental issues, the member states' environment ministers attend and vote; for foreign affairs, the foreign ministers, etc.). The minister must have the authority to represent and bin the member states in decisions. When voting takes place it is weighted inversely to member state size, so smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states. In total there are 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus. TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define this to mean at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes. This is critical during the legislative process.",
          "c_entity": [
            "donald tusk",
            "tfeu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726545f708984140094c2a6_m",
              "question": "Who is the current president of the Security Council?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Donald Tusk",
                  "answer_start": 443
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is currently the President of the Council?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-429_m",
          "context": "Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia. Josel of Rosheim, the Jewish spokesman who tried to help the Jews of Saxony in 1537, later blamed their plight on \"that priest whose name was Martin Luther—may his body and soul be bound up in hell!—who wrote and issued many heretical books in which he said that whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition.\" Josel asked the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of Luther's anti-Jewish works: they refused initially, but did so when a Lutheran pastor in Hochfelden used a sermon to urge his parishioners to murder Jews. Luther's influence persisted after his death. Throughout the 1580s, riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states.",
          "c_entity": [
            "martin luther",
            "rosheim",
            "josel"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c_m",
              "question": "Who is josel von rothheim responsible for the Jews in Saxony?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Luther",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Josel of Rosheim blame for the condition of Jews in Saxony?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-79_m",
          "context": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia . , Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw . A week later he was buried in the church , and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him . Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815 , Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland , a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia . Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011 , describing it as `` the saddest thing '' she had ever endured . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1816",
            "1815",
            "1806",
            "1796"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332a734776f41900660729_m",
              "question": "When did Warsaw become the center of the Polish parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Warsaw become the center of the Congress Poland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-571_m",
          "context": "One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast.",
          "c_entity": [
            "saint nicolas",
            "us library of congress",
            "pierre bayle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a_m",
              "question": "Who is the famous hugono in Holland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Bayle",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was a prominent Huguenot in Holland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-357_m",
          "context": "In 1516 , Johann Tetzel , a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences , was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter 's Basilica in Rome . Roman Catholic theology stated that faith alone , whether fiduciary or dogmatic , can not justify man ; justification rather depends only on such faith as is active in charity and good works -LRB- fides caritate formata -RRB- . The benefits of good works could be obtained by donating money to the church . An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus was immediately chosen by the Arians to succeed him , when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1516"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367_m",
              "question": "When was John Tezel sent from the Roman Catholic Church to promote leniency in Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1516",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Johann Tetzel sent by the Roman Catholic Church to Germany to sell indulgences?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1064_m",
          "context": "While its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, one for each market where it owned and operated a radio station (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Detroit). These applications all requested for the stations to broadcast on VHF channel 7, as Frank Marx, then ABC's vice-president of engineering, thought that the low-band VHF frequencies (corresponding to channels 2 through 6) would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army.",
          "c_entity": [
            "frank marx",
            "abc",
            "u.s. army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e860708984140094d579_m",
              "question": "Who is ABC's vice president of engineering?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frank Marx",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1187_m",
          "context": ". He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities . His religious opportunism is epitomized in his famous quote : `` It is by making myself Catholic that I brought peace to Brittany and Vendée . , Chu'Tsai . . , who was a lineal descendant of Khitan rulers , that he had avenged Chu'Tsai 's forefathers . ; also he did not consider his own father his enemy , so the question of revenge did not apply . . Chu'Tsai administered parts of the Mongol Empire and became a confidant of the successive Mongol Khans .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chu'tsai",
            "genghis khan",
            "khitan",
            "jin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273b1a5951b619008f870c_m",
              "question": "Who is Zhu Cai's ancestor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Khitan rulers",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who were Chu'Tsai's forefathers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-788_m",
          "context": "During the mid-Eocene . Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic . , however , a large basin was created that enclosed a lake . Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House , an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country . Within the last 5 -- 10 million years , this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch , joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pacific",
            "mountains",
            "andes",
            "atlantic",
            "amazonas basin",
            "solimões basin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283d173acd2414000df790_m",
              "question": "Where is the current in the east of the Amazon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Atlantic",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did water to the east of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-990_m",
          "context": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London, is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in an area that has become known as \"Albertopolis\" because of its association with Prince Albert, the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated. These include the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum and the Royal Albert Hall. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like other national British museums, entrance to the museum has been free since 2001.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1852",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726710b708984140094c61f_m",
              "question": "When was the Victoria and Albert Museum established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "It was founded in 1852",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "when was the Victoria and Albert museum founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-52_m",
          "context": "With 4:51 left in regulation , Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive , and soon faced 3rd-and-9 . On the next play , and after several players dove for it , who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line . Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it , Newton did not and his lack of aggression later earned him heavy criticism . Although Westinghouse achieved its first practical induction motor in 1892 and developed a line of polyphase 60 hertz induction motors in 1893 , these early Westinghouse motors were two-phase motors with wound rotors until B. G. Lamme developed a rotating bar winding rotor . Meanwhile , Denver 's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays . , giving Denver a 24 -- 10 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away . Carolina had two more drives , but failed to get a first down on each one . During the campaign , Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manning",
            "newton",
            "bennie fowler",
            "broncos",
            "ward",
            "anderson",
            "josh norman",
            "miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e_m",
              "question": "Who lost the ball on the 3rd and 9th?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newton",
                  "answer_start": 339
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who fumbled the ball on 3rd-and-9?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-320_m",
          "context": "When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made , Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly . Misconduct by teachers , especially sexual misconduct , has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts . A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6 % of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education ; be they a volunteer , bus driver , teacher , administrator or other adult ; sometime during their educational career .",
          "c_entity": [
            "american association of university women"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57_m",
              "question": "Who did the survey?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "American Association of University Women",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who conducted this survey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-848_m",
          "context": "On February 18 , 1966 , Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve . . , the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s , which at that time showed second and third run movies , along with classic films . , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- at Olive and Wishon Avenues . Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student . McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City and a Tony award winning actress . Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players ' 2nd Space Theatre . At the same time , the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry -LRB- IFPI -RRB- announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960s",
            "decades",
            "1978",
            "1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7_m",
              "question": "When will the tower theatre reopen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "During what period did the Tower Theatre re-open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1615_m",
          "context": "The remaining band members recorded `` Independent Women Part I '' , which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film , Charlie 's Angels . , US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip . , Kenyatta visited China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping after a stop in Russia and not having visited the United States as president . In July 2015 Obama visited Kenya , as the first American president to visit the country while in office .",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 2015",
            "summer",
            "2013",
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572914f46aef051400154a49_m",
              "question": "When was Obama's last visit to Kenya?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In July 2015",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Obama finally visit Kenya?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-120_m",
          "context": "A few years after the First Crusade , in 1107 , Robert 's son , but to no avail . Meanwhile , they occupied Petrela , the citadel of Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis . He hid with a Russian family in Omsk , Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova . This time , the Albanians sided with the Normans , dissatisfied by the heavy taxes the Byzantines had imposed upon them . With their help . The lack of supplies , disease and Byzantine resistance forced Bohemond to retreat from his campaign and sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "deabolis",
            "kanina",
            "arbanon",
            "bohemond",
            "ballsh",
            "jericho",
            "valona"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de15104396321400ee25b7_m",
              "question": "Where did the Normans and Byzantines sign the peace treaty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Deabolis",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the Normans and Byzantines sign the peace treaty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1902_m",
          "context": ", historians John Gallagher -LRB- 1919 . They claim that European imperialism was influential , and Europeans rejected the notion that `` imperialism '' required formal , legal control by one government over another country . Their contemporary , Leonardo da Vinci -LRB- 1452 -- 1519 -RRB- said , `` If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down , then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings . '' `` In their view , historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red . Internationally , Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain . The bulk of British emigration , trade , and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire . Key to their thinking is the idea of empire ` informally if possible and formally if necessary . ' '' -LSB- attribution needed -RSB- Because of the resources made available by imperialism , making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1920",
            "the 20th century",
            "1980",
            "1919",
            "the decades",
            "1999"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309564069b5314008321a5_m",
              "question": "When was John Gallagher born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was John Gallagher born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-369_m",
          "context": "Pope Leo X was used to reformers and heretics, and he responded slowly, \"with great care as is proper.\" Over the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys against Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology. First, the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini drafted a heresy case against Luther, whom Leo then summoned to Rome. The Elector Frederick persuaded the pope to have Luther examined at Augsburg, where the Imperial Diet was held. There, in October 1518, under questioning by papal legate Cardinal Cajetan Luther stated that he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church because historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy concluded that the papacy was the Antichrist. The prophecies concerning the Antichrist soon became the center of controversy. The hearings degenerated into a shouting match. More than his writing the 95 Theses, Luther's confrontation with the church cast him as an enemy of the pope. Cajetan's original instructions had been to arrest Luther if he failed to recant, but the legate desisted from doing so. Luther slipped out of the city at night, unbeknownst to Cajetan.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next three years",
            "october 1518",
            "night"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f811bdaef2371900625da1_m",
              "question": "When was Luther examined by the Pope's minister in Augsburg?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1518",
                  "answer_start": 507
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Luther examined at Augsburg by the papal legate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-923_m",
          "context": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner. This is primarily accomplished through normal faulting and through the ductile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units. Stretching of units can result in their thinning; in fact, there is a location within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt in which the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon can be seen over a length of less than a meter. Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often also metamorphosed. These stretched rocks can also pinch into lenses, known as boudins, after the French word for \"sausage\", because of their visual similarity.",
          "c_entity": [
            "grand",
            "fold",
            "canyon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6_m",
              "question": "Where can we see the whole sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon in less than one meter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen in less than the length of a meter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1024_m",
          "context": "The glass collection covers 4000 years of glass making . The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt and continues through the Ancient Roman , Medieval , Renaissance covering areas such as Venetian glass and Bohemian glass and more recent periods , including Art Nouveau glass by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Émile Gallé , the Art Deco style is represented by several examples by René Lalique . There are many examples of crystal chandeliers both English , displayed in the British galleries and foreign for example Venetian -LRB- attributed to Giuseppe Briati -RRB- dated c1750 are in the collection . The stained glass collection is possibly the finest in the world , covering the medieval to modern periods . Several examples of English 16th-century heraldic glass is displayed in the British Galleries . Many well-known designers of stained glass are represented in the collection including , from the 19th century : Dante Gabriel Rossetti , Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris . There is also an example of Frank Lloyd Wright 's work in the collection . He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun . 20th-century designers include Harry Clarke , John Piper , Patrick Reyntiens , Veronica Whall and Brian Clarke . The University of Kansas School of Architecture , Design , and Planning -LRB- SADP -RRB- , with its main building being Marvin Hall , traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU 's School of Engineering in 1912 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "britain",
            "africa",
            "asia",
            "europe",
            "america",
            "egypt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad_m",
              "question": "Where did the earliest products of V & a glass series come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ancient Egypt",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the earliest item in the V&A glass collection come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-9_m",
          "context": "For the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl. The Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15–1 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four teams to have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl. The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII, while the Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
          "c_entity": [
            "carolina panthers",
            "john fox",
            "denver broncos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233_m",
              "question": "Who is the coach of the 48th Super Cup Mustang team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Fox",
                  "answer_start": 636
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the head coach of the Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-386_m",
          "context": "Luther sympathised with some of the peasants ' grievances , as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles in May 1525 , but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities . It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell , who was a private security guard at the venue , along with some media organizations , in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation . During a tour of Thuringia , he became enraged at the widespread burning of convents , monasteries , bishops ' palaces , and libraries . In Against the Murderous , Thieving Hordes of Peasants , written on his return to Wittenberg , he gave his interpretation of the Gospel teaching on wealth , condemned the violence as the devil 's work , and called for the nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs :",
          "c_entity": [
            "thuringia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2_m",
              "question": "Where was Luther angry at the widespread destruction of church property?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "tour of Thuringia",
                  "answer_start": 397
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Luther become angry at the widespread destruction of church property?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1866_m",
          "context": "A similar mosaic , the Coronation of the Virgin , decorates the apse of Santa Maria Maggiore . Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei -RRB- , arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history . The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions , and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq , Egypt , Syria , Jordan -LRB- SCIRI -RRB- and Lebanon -LRB- Hezbollah -RRB- -LRB- two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations -RRB- . During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict , the Iranian government enjoyed something of a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni `` Arab street , '' due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 's vehement opposition to the United States and his call that Israel shall vanish .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba_m",
              "question": "When does the Iranian government begin to revive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict",
                  "answer_start": 538
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Iranian government enjoy something of a resurgence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-15_m",
          "context": "So let 's see minimum space standards for all new homes , '' said RIBA president Jack Pringle . , and fourth in points allowed -LRB- 296 -RRB- . . Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks , forced four fumbles , and recovered three . , ranking second on the team with 7 1/2 sacks . . Spielberg 's film Munich , about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games , was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world -LRB- the first being Schindler 's List -RRB- . , Jr. -LRB- two interceptions -RRB- were the other two Pro Bowl selections from the defense .",
          "c_entity": [
            "derek wolfe",
            "brandon marshall",
            "malik jackson",
            "broncos",
            "demarcus ware",
            "chris harris",
            "nfl",
            "aqib talib",
            "danny trevathan",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd_m",
              "question": "Who scored four goals for the mustangs in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Von Miller",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who forced four fumbles for the Broncos in the 2015 season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-677_m",
          "context": "She blamed her husband 's death on worry over the Prince of Wales 's philandering . At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years , making him the longest ruling monarch in history . To help reduce consumption . , and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created . , Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act , ending the federal 55 mph -LRB- 89 km/h -RRB- speed limit , allowing states to restore their prior maximum speed limit .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1978",
            "november 28, 1995",
            "1975",
            "1974",
            "1977"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264efddd62a815002e8138_m",
              "question": "When was the cabinet department of energy established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the cabinet-level Energy Department created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-285_m",
          "context": "As Fortnow & Homer (2003) point out, the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems. Also, in 1965 Edmonds defined a \"good\" algorithm as one with running time bounded by a polynomial of the input size.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003",
            "1965"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e202e9e3433e1400423242_m",
              "question": "When did Hartmann and stern receive their basic work of computational complexity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was Hatmanis and Stearn's seminal work in computational complexity received? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1230_m",
          "context": "Immunology is a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system . It originates from medicine and early studies on the causes of immunity to disease . The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC . John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order : `` Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE -LSB- status -RSB- received theirs for heroism in the war -- for killing people ... We received ours for entertaining other people . . , Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice were immune to this venom . This and other observations of acquired immunity were later exploited by Louis Pasteur in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease . Pasteur 's theory was in direct opposition to contemporary theories of disease , such as the miasma theory . , that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease . It began airing on Fox on June 11 , 2002 , as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . , with the discovery of the yellow fever virus by Walter Reed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1905",
            "1891",
            "a second",
            "the 18th century",
            "1901",
            "430 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f3724b864d1900165119_m",
              "question": "When was immunity first mentioned in history?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Athens in 430 BC",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the first known historical reference to immunity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1533_m",
          "context": "All Recognized Student Organizations, from the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt to Model UN, in addition to academic teams, sports club, arts groups, and more are funded by The University of Chicago Student Government. Student Government is made up of graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit. It is led by an Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life, elected together as a slate by the student body each spring. Its annual budget is greater than $2 million.",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of chicago scavenger hunt",
            "university of chicago student government",
            "executive committee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd_m",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the student union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "an Executive Committee",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who leads the Student Government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1096_m",
          "context": "Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa , Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree , but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution since 1891 , although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles . , Michael Eisner , who joined ABC in 1966 , became the network 's program development manager . , American Style -RRB- , as well as several soap operas ; however , Eisner 's main credit at ABC was for developing youth-oriented programming . He was responsible for reacquiring the rights to the Looney Tunes-Merrie Melodies library , as well as developing The Jackson 5ive animated series and a series about the Osmonds , and greenlighting Super Friends , based on DC Comics ' Justice League of America series . , Disney -RRB- . In English , the term was introduced in the early 20th century , when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky 's A History of Russia , to distinguish the early polity from successor states , which were also named Rus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "days",
            "several years",
            "1966",
            "the early 1970s",
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572747dd5951b619008f87a9_m",
              "question": "When did Michael Eisner first enter ABC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Michael Eisner first join ABC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2027_m",
          "context": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei , who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus . Galileo constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century . Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade . In November 2011 , The Sunday Times identified property worth £ 1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned . He showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass and argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force , for example friction .",
          "c_entity": [
            "galileo galilei"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92_m",
              "question": "Who has tested rolling stones and shells on steep slopes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galileo",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who experimented by rolling stones and canonballs down a steep incline?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1691_m",
          "context": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced, but they're mostly those of land plants and green algae—glaucophytes, red algae, and other algal groups are extremely underrepresented, potentially introducing some bias in views of \"typical\" chloroplast DNA structure and content.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1962",
            "1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793cd_m",
              "question": "When was plasma found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the plastome discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-11_m",
          "context": "The Panthers offense , was loaded with talent , boasting six Pro Bowl selections . Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton had one of his best seasons , throwing for 3,837 yards and rushing for 636 , while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns -LRB- 35 passing , 10 rushing -RRB- , a career-low 10 interceptions , and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4 . , who caught a career-high 77 passes for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns , who caught 44 passes for 739 yards and 10 touchdowns . . No batted ball has ever hit the center field scoreboard , although the original `` Slammin ' Sammy '' , golfer Sam Snead , hit it with a golf ball in an exhibition in the 1950s . Between Pantages and his rival John Considine , Seattle was for a while the western United States ' vaudeville mecca . , who led the team with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games , who rushed for 256 yards and caught 18 passes for another 154 yards . Carolina 's offensive line also featured two Pro Bowl selections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "trai turner",
            "greg olsen",
            "devin funchess",
            "ted ginn",
            "mike tolbert",
            "corey brown",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "jerricho cotchery",
            "jonathan stewart",
            "jr.",
            "ryan kalil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6f2960d65d21400198287_m",
              "question": "Who is the quarterback of the Carolina Panthers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cam Newton",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the quarterback for the Carolina Panthers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-587_m",
          "context": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator . Early versions were in use by 1851 , but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862 . The steam engine indicator traces on paper the pressure in the cylinder throughout the cycle , which can be used to spot various problems and calculate developed horsepower . The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions , an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers . It was routinely used by engineers , mechanics and insurance inspectors . The engine indicator can also be used on internal combustion engines . See image of indicator diagram below -LRB- in Types of motor units section -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "london"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84_m",
              "question": "Where is Charles Porter's car on display?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "London Exhibition",
                  "answer_start": 294
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the Charles Porter steam engine indicator shown?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1190_m",
          "context": "Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor Ögedei Khan the speed of expansion reached its peak. Mongol armies pushed into Persia, finished off the Western Xia and the remnants of the Khwarezmids, and came into conflict with the imperial Song dynasty of China, starting a war that lasted until 1279 and that concluded with the Mongols gaining control of all of China. They also pushed further into Russia and eastern Europe.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1279",
            "1227",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd_m",
              "question": "When did the conflict with the Song Dynasty end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1279",
                  "answer_start": 570
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the conflict with the Song dynasty concluded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-406_m",
          "context": "Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, \"Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism, with one stanza for each of the seven prayer petitions, plus opening and closing stanzas. The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on specific catechism questions. The extant manuscript shows multiple revisions, demonstrating Luther's concern to clarify and strengthen the text and to provide an appropriately prayerful tune. Other 16th- and 20th-century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted Luther's tune, although modern texts are considerably shorter.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1538",
            "20th-century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f_m",
              "question": "When did Luther write a hymn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1538",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther produce a hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-375_m",
          "context": "Luther refused to recant his writings. He is sometimes also quoted as saying: \"Here I stand. I can do no other\". Recent scholars consider the evidence for these words to be unreliable, since they were inserted before \"May God help me\" only in later versions of the speech and not recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett suggests that given his nature, \"we are free to believe that Luther would tend to select the more dramatic form of words.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "mullett",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428_m",
              "question": "Who said, \"I'm here, I can't do anything else\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luther",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who said, \"Here I stand. I can do no other\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-567_m",
          "context": ", Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris . . The main provincial towns and cities experiencing the Massacre were Aix , Bordeaux , Bourges , Lyons , Meaux , Orleans , Rouen , Toulouse , and Troyes . Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide . Nearly 3,000 Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse alone . The exact number of fatalities throughout the country is not known . On 23 , between about 2,000 and 3,000 Protestants were killed in Paris and between 3,000 and 7,000 more in the French provinces . , almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone . Beyond Paris . An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "day",
            "17 september",
            "massacre of",
            "1573",
            "3 october 1572",
            "'s",
            "24 august",
            "the weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57111428b654c5140001fb02_m",
              "question": "When will the people responsible for the massacre be granted amnesty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1573",
                  "answer_start": 628
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was amnesty granted to those responsible for the massacre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1873_m",
          "context": "For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's \"indulgence\" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifada gathered momentum and Palestinian shopkeepers closed their shops in support of the uprising, the Brotherhood announced the formation of HAMAS (\"zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel. Rather than being more moderate than the PLO, the 1988 Hamas charter took a more uncompromising stand, calling for the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine. It was soon competing with and then overtaking the PLO for control of the intifada. The Brotherhood's base of devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class such as drinking alcohol and going about without hijab.",
          "c_entity": [
            "palestine",
            "israel"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0_m",
              "question": "Where does Hamas want to build an Islamic state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palestine",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does HAMAS want to establish an Islamic state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-234_m",
          "context": "The larger cities and their cantons -LRB- Bern , Geneva , Lausanne , Zürich and Basel -RRB- used to be predominantly Protestant . Tesla made predictions about the relevant issues of a post-World War I environment in a printed article , `` Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War '' -LRB- 20 December 1914 -RRB- . Baghdad , Iraq 's capital city , fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein 's government quickly dissolved . Tesla believed that the League of Nations was not a remedy for the times and issues . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "20 december 1914"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e12477e3433e1400422c60_m",
              "question": "When was this article published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20 December 1914",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the article published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1561_m",
          "context": ", was a competent emperor . , to the discontent of some Mongol elite . He had been mentored by Li Meng , a Confucian academic . He made many reforms : 尚書省 -RRB- , which resulted in the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials . The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War , with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC , or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD . On the night of 23 February 1981 , shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress , the Captain General of the Third Military Region , Jaime Milans del Bosch , rose up in Valencia , put tanks on the streets , declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup . Starting in 1313 the traditional imperial examinations were reintroduced for prospective officials , testing their knowledge on significant historical works . Also , he codified much of the law , as well as publishing or translating a number of Chinese books and works .",
          "c_entity": [
            "buyantu khan",
            "li meng",
            "kublai",
            "department of state affairs",
            "yuan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286f373acd2414000df9dd_m",
              "question": "Who takes care of buantu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Li Meng",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who mentored Buyantu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-216_m",
          "context": "In 1952, following pressure from Tesla's nephew, Sava Kosanović, Tesla's entire estate was shipped to Belgrade in 80 trunks marked N.T. In 1957, Kosanović's secretary Charlotte Muzar transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade. The ashes are displayed in a gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum.",
          "c_entity": [
            "belgrade",
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c_m",
              "question": "Where did the ashes go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Belgrade",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where were the ashes sent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1772_m",
          "context": "The flow of cold , gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake . Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972 , Sviatoslav 's conquests , for the most part , were not consolidated into a functioning empire , while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons , which resulted in two of his three sons being killed . The cold water flows near the surface and at first does n't mix with the warmer . But then , at the so-called Rheinbrech , the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water . The flow reappears on the surface at the northern -LRB- German -RRB- shore of the lake , off the island of Lindau . His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death : The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee . . Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne -LRB- `` Rhine Gutter '' -RRB- and Seerhein . Depending on the water level , this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake überlingen",
            "lindau",
            "mainau",
            "upper lake",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589_m",
              "question": "Where is the small island on the Rhine River in Germany, where the warm water and cold water meet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lindau",
                  "answer_start": 698
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What is the Island off of the German shore of the Rhine that this warm and cold water meet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-333_m",
          "context": "Their synagogues were recognised as legitimate collegia by Julius Caesar . From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession . These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting `` can not be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role '' . Her family and retainers were appalled , and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League , and biasing the Queen against the Hindus . Existing staff will be vetted on a phased basis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb_m",
              "question": "When did you check it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was vetting introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-155_m",
          "context": "In 1870 , Tesla moved to Karlovac , to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium , where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić. : 32 The classes were held in German , as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier . Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head , which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating . . As a child , Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with . : 33",
          "c_entity": [
            "1870",
            "four-year",
            "three years",
            "1873"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla go to karowak?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla go to Karlovac?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-837_m",
          "context": "Since all modern ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae , it has widely been assumed that their last common ancestor also resembled cydippids , having an egg-shaped body and a pair of retractable tentacles . Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States ; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014 . , in other words do not contain all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor that was itself a cydippid . Instead he found that various cydippid families were more similar to members of other ctenophore orders than to other cydippids . In September 2014 , Professor Stefan Grimm , of the Department of Medicine , was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money . He also suggested that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was either cydippid-like or beroid-like . , using 26 species , confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic and concluded that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was cydippid-like . It also found that the genetic differences between these species were very small -- so small that the relationships between the Lobata , Cestida and Thalassocalycida remained uncertain . This suggests that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was relatively recent , and perhaps was lucky enough to survive the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event 65.5 million years ago while other lineages perished . When the analysis was broadened to include representatives of other phyla , it concluded that cnidarians are probably more closely related to bilaterians than either group is to ctenophores but that this diagnosis is uncertain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "recently",
            "65.5 million years ago",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572691bedd62a815002e89de_m",
              "question": "When did credo extinction occur?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "65.5 million years ago",
                  "answer_start": 1533
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Cretaceous-Paleogen extinction occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-168_m",
          "context": "By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period . , a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe and the United States because of its advantages in long-distance , high-voltage transmission . Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir . . This innovative electric motor , patented in May 1888 , was a simple self-starting design that did not need a commutator , thus avoiding sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1887",
            "may 1888",
            "current",
            "1882"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla patent the innovation engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1888",
                  "answer_start": 455
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Tesla's innovative motor patented? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1824_m",
          "context": "Each sitting day, normally at 5 pm, MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day. This \"Decision Time\" is heralded by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus and alerts MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote. At Decision Time, the Presiding Officer puts questions on the motions and amendments by reading out the name of the motion or amendment as well as the proposer and asking \"Are we all agreed?\", to which the chamber first votes orally. If there is audible dissent, the Presiding Officer announces \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles on their desks. Each MSP has a unique access card with a microchip which, when inserted into the console, identifies them and allows them to vote. As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds.",
          "c_entity": [
            "day",
            "5 pm",
            "seconds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb_m",
              "question": "When do SMEs usually decide to apply and modify?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "5 pm",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What time do the MSPs normally decide on the motions and amendments from that day?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-695_m",
          "context": "On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged their support for a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect in his response to the news, refusing to make a commitment on America's response to the Soviets.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kennedy",
            "house committee on science and astronautics",
            "yuri gagarin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d_m",
              "question": "Who was the first person to enter space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yuri Gagarin",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person in space?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-5_m",
          "context": "Roger Dale Stafford , considered the mastermind of the murder spree , was executed by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in 1995 . Kingsbridge , built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek , was a possession of Frederick Philipse , lord of Philipse Manor . In early 2012 , NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl `` spectacular '' and that it would be `` an important game for us as a league '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "early 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208_m",
              "question": "When did he comment on the top 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 2012",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did he make the quoted remarks about Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-570_m",
          "context": "Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills.",
          "c_entity": [
            "lavoisier",
            "e.i. du pont"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02_m",
              "question": "Who is the famous hugueno weapons manufacturer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "E.I. du Pont",
                  "answer_start": 599
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was one prominent Huguenot-descended arms manufacturer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1602_m",
          "context": "At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the governors of British East Africa (as the Protectorate was generally known) and German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible. Completely cut off from Germany, von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign, living off the land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated. He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918.",
          "c_entity": [
            "protectorate",
            "lt col paul von lettow-vorbeck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729024f1d04691400778f61_m",
              "question": "Who commands the German army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was in command of the German military forces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-7_m",
          "context": "In the early 15th century , France again came close to dissolving , but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc -LRB- d. 1431 -RRB- led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453 . , that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi 's Stadium . , with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 . , held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford , California , won by the home team 49ers . The Miami bid depended on whether the stadium underwent renovations . However , the Florida legislature refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations , dealing a significant blow to Miami 's chances . On 15 September 1940 , known as the Battle of Britain Day , an RAF pilot , Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "october 16, 2012",
            "previously",
            "may 3, 2013",
            "2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f_m",
              "question": "When was the last Super Bowl held in Miami / South Florida?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 379
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Super Bowl last held in the Miami/South Florida area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-192_m",
          "context": "In 1899 , John Jacob Astor IV invested $ 100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system . When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet , the Kangxi Emperor -LRB- r. 1661 -- 1722 -RRB- responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet , occupying Lhasa in 1720 . Instead , Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1899"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406_m",
              "question": "When did Astor make the money?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1899",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Astor provide the money?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1559_m",
          "context": ". Wars and construction projects had drained the Mongol treasury . Efforts to raise and collect tax revenues were plagued by corruption and political scandals . Mishandled military expeditions followed the financial problems . . Kublai botched his campaigns against Annam , Champa , and Java , but won a Pyrrhic victory against Burma . The expeditions were hampered by disease , an inhospitable climate , and a tropical terrain unsuitable for the mounted warfare of the Mongols . He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951 . The Tran dynasty which ruled Annam -LRB- Dai Viet -RRB- crushed and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Bạch Đằng -LRB- 1288 -RRB- . The Chinese region of Fujian was the original home of the Chinese Tran -LRB- Chen -RRB- clan before they migrated under Trần Kinh -LRB- 陳京 , Chén Jīng -RRB- to Dai Viet and whose descendants established the Trần dynasty which ruled Vietnam Đại Việt . Professor Liam Kelley noted that people from Song dynasty China like Zhao Zhong and Xu Zongdao fled to Tran dynasty ruled Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion . The Tran dynasty originated from the Fujian region of China as did the Daoist cleric Xu Zongdao who recorded the Mongol invasion and referred to them as `` Northern bandits '' . Annam , Burma , and Champa recognized Mongol hegemony and established tributary relations with the Yuan dynasty . In 1930 , Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy , called the Dirac sea .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1288",
            "1279",
            "1281",
            "1282"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da336_m",
              "question": "When were the Mongols defeated by the trands?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1288",
                  "answer_start": 650
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-362_m",
          "context": "According to scholars Walter Krämer , Götz Trenkler , Gerhard Ritter , and Gerhard Prause , the story of the posting on the door , even though it has settled as one of the pillars of history , has little foundation in truth . The story is based on comments made by Philipp Melanchthon , though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg at the time . following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories , resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wittenberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a_m",
              "question": "Where was Melanie Hutton then?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "not in Wittenberg",
                  "answer_start": 320
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Melanchthon at the time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-232_m",
          "context": "Holland Smith , the commander of the invasion force , aimed to capture the island , and utilize its three airfields as bases to carry out air attacks against the Home Islands . Tesla , like many of his era , became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics . His opinion stemmed from the belief that humans ' `` pity '' had interfered with the natural `` ruthless workings of nature , '' rather than from conceptions of a `` master race '' or inherent superiority of one person over another . Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state , enforcing and entrenching his powers . His advocacy of it was , however , to push it further . In a 1937 interview , he stated :",
          "c_entity": [
            "1937"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c_m",
              "question": "When did he talk about his beliefs in the interview?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1937",
                  "answer_start": 671
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did he talk about his beliefs in an interview?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-886_m",
          "context": "Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government. The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail (NLR) project. In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network, boosting its capacity from 10 Gbit/s to 100 Gbit/s. In October, 2007, Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network.",
          "c_entity": [
            "qwest",
            "national lambdarail"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726472bdd62a815002e8045_m",
              "question": "Who owns the Internet",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a partnership with Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network",
                  "answer_start": 368
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did internet2 partner with "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2011_m",
          "context": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them. Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. Building on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison, Montcalm executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George. With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August. In the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects. The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables, which angered the Indians.",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake george",
            "vaudreuil",
            "abercrombie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fd66d058e614000b6735_m",
              "question": "Who refused to act until lauden approved his plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abercrombie",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who refused to act until Loudoun approved plans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-433_m",
          "context": "Other scholars argue that , even if his views were merely anti-Judaic -- that is , opposed to Judaism and its adherence rather than the Jews as an ethnic group -- their violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism . Ronald Berger writes that Luther is credited with `` Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism as a key element of German culture and national identity . '' Swann leaves Bond , telling him she can not be part of a life involving espionage , and is subsequently kidnapped . With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord , the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state . , a mentality that might otherwise have been absent . , shows that a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians during the Nazi Third Reich used Luther 's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paul rose",
            "protestant church",
            "christopher j. probst",
            "ronald berger"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc_m",
              "question": "Who believes that Luther took anti Semitism as a cultural element in Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ronald Berger",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who thinks that Luther added antisemitism as a cultural element to Germany?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-72_m",
          "context": ". . Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art . , the Israeli poet , was born in Warsaw , the Israeli composer , lyricist , and pianist . Warsaw was the beloved city of Isaac Bashevis Singer , which he described in many of his novels : Warsaw has just now been destroyed . No one will ever see the Warsaw I knew . Nurhaci had treated Han in Liaodong differently according to how much grain they had , those with less than 5 to 7 sin were treated like chattel while those with more than that amount were rewarded with property . Let me just write about it . Let this Warsaw not disappear forever , he commented .",
          "c_entity": [
            "warsaw conservatory",
            "tamara de lempicka",
            "nathan alterman",
            "moshe vilenski",
            "tadeusz łempicki",
            "maria górska",
            "isaac bashevis singer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c_m",
              "question": "Who loves Warsaw so much that he has written it in novels?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Bashevis Singer",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who loved Warsaw so much that he kept putting it in his novels?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-549_m",
          "context": "The pattern of warfare , followed by brief periods of peace , continued for nearly another quarter-century . The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598 , when Henry of Navarre , having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV , and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism , issued the Edict of Nantes . The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France , but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains . Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay , to protest against China 's actions in Tibet . The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1598"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d_m",
              "question": "When did Henry issue Nantes' decree?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1598",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Henry issue the Edict of Nantes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-353_m",
          "context": "He later attributed his decision to an event : on 2 July 1505 , he was returning to university on horseback after a trip home . During a thunderstorm , a lightning bolt struck near him . Later telling his father he was terrified of death and divine judgment , he cried out , `` Help ! Saint Anna , I will become a monk ! '' He came to view his cry for help as a vow he could never break . He left law school , sold his books , and entered a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 1505 . One friend blamed the decision on Luther 's sadness over the deaths of two friends . The City Council -LRB- Gemeinderat -RRB- constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority . Luther himself seemed saddened by the move . Those who attended a farewell supper walked him to the door of the Black Cloister . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The ruling Grand Prince Iziaslav fled to Poland asking for support and in couple of years returned to establish the order . `` This day you see me , and then , not ever again , '' he said . His father was furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther 's education .",
          "c_entity": [
            "erfurt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9_m",
              "question": "Where did Luther go on July 17, 1505?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustinian cloister in Erfurt",
                  "answer_start": 448
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Luther go on 17 July 1505?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594_m",
              "question": "Who is the oldest quarter of the super bowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peyton Manning",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who has the record of being the oldest quarter back in any Super Bowl game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-44_m",
          "context": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marlee matlin",
            "asl",
            "lady gaga"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d20650e7d4791d00902614_m",
              "question": "Who sings the national anthem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lady Gaga",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who sang the national anthem?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1100_m",
          "context": "Meanwhile , ABC News , which formed as a newly separate division , sought to become a global leader in television news . , Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports . , ABC launched a major expansion of its office facilities in New York City . By March 1796 , however Burke had changed his mind : `` Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies , which are sapping its foundations , Indianism , and Jacobinism . ; the facility that was built in its place is nicknamed `` 7 Lincoln Square '' -LRB- although it is actually located at 149 Columbus Avenue -RRB- . Meanwhile , a former parking lot , located at 30 West 67th Street , was transformed into an impressive 15-story building . Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers . Both buildings were completed in June 1979 . WABC-TV moved its operations from offices at 77 West 66th Street to 149 Columbus Avenue , freeing up space for the ABC network to house some of its operations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "previously",
            "june 1979",
            "1977",
            "year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7_m",
              "question": "When was Lincoln square finished?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1979",
                  "answer_start": 899
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was 7 Lincoln Square completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-411_m",
          "context": "Luther 's hymns inspired composers to write music . Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them , namely Christ lag in Todes Banden , BWV 4 , vom Himmel sieh darein , BWV 2 , Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam , BWV 7 , Nun komm , der Heiden Heiland , BWV 62 , Gelobet seist du , Jesu Christ , BWV 91 , and Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir , BWV 38 , later Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott , BWV 80 , and in 1735 Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit , BWV 14 . The Shahis are generally split up into two eras : the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis , with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1724",
            "1707",
            "1735",
            "1725"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7_m",
              "question": "When was Bach's last use of Luther's work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1735",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the last use by Bach of Luther's work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-34_m",
          "context": "According to Forbes ' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list , Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America . On December 28 , 2015 , marking the third dedicated Spanish-language broadcast of the Super Bowl . . , and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe . . The architect , James Gamble Rogers , faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid , deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages , and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages .",
          "c_entity": [
            "espn deportes",
            "mike",
            "fox",
            "raul allegre",
            "cbs",
            "john sutcliffe",
            "nfl",
            "nbc",
            "alvaro martin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362_m",
              "question": "Who registered the ESPN site off-site?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Sutcliffe",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who reported on the sideline for ESPN Deportes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1549_m",
          "context": ". He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia . Under the reign of Genghis ' third son , Ögedei Khan , conquering most of northern China . Ögedei offered his nephew Kublai a position in Xingzhou , Hebei . The edifice contained coffee-houses , confectioneries , panorama installations , an anatomical museum , a wax museum , and even a small zoo , described by Dostoyevsky in his extravaganza `` Crocodile , or Passage through the Passage '' . . Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes . He sought the counsel of Chinese Buddhist and Confucian advisers . Möngke Khan succeeded Ögedei 's son , Güyük , as Great Khan in 1251 . He granted his brother Kublai control over Mongol held territories in China . Kublai built schools for Confucian scholars , issued paper money , revived Chinese rituals , and endorsed policies that stimulated agricultural and commercial growth . He adopted as his capital city Kaiping in Inner Mongolia , later renamed Shangdu .",
          "c_entity": [
            "early years",
            "1234",
            "1206",
            "1251"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572863c72ca10214002da2d7_m",
              "question": "When did mengke Khan become a big Khan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1251",
                  "answer_start": 688
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Mongke Khan become Great Khan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-981_m",
          "context": "From Newcastle International Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways run a service to IJmuiden (near Amsterdam). The DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006 – the company cited high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services as the cause – and their service to Bergen and Stavanger, Norway was terminated late 2008. Since summer 2007, Thomson cruise lines have included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise.",
          "c_entity": [
            "dfds",
            "newcastle international ferry terminal",
            "thomson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726934f5951b619008f771d_m",
              "question": "Who operates services at the international ferry terminal in Newcastle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Danish DFDS Seaways",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who runs a service out of Newcastle's International Ferry Terminal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-415_m",
          "context": "In October 1529 , Philip I , Landgrave of Hesse , to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states . Earl Browder , head of the Communist Party USA , stated that `` there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce . '' Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen , the exception being the nature of the Eucharist -- the sacrament of the Lord 's Supper .",
          "c_entity": [
            "landgrave",
            "marburg colloquy",
            "philip",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88c37aef2371900626177_m",
              "question": "Who is Philip I?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Landgrave of Hesse",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Philip I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1476_m",
          "context": "The Master is the Doctor 's archenemy , a renegade Time Lord who desires to rule the universe . , the character first appeared in 1971 . At the University of Chicago , Hayek was not part of the economics department and did not influence the rebirth of neoclassical theory which took place there -LRB- see Chicago school of economics -RRB- . As with the Doctor , the role has been portrayed by several actors , since the Master is a Time Lord as well and able to regenerate , who continued in the role until his death in 1973 . Lotte , meanwhile , enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group , creating what its called ` Lotte Shopping Avenue ' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex , as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart . . The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who , and was played by American actor Eric Roberts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "geoffrey beevers",
            "eric roberts",
            "roger delgado",
            "anthony ainley",
            "moriarty",
            "sherlock holmes",
            "peter pratt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a_m",
              "question": "Who played the protagonist in the 1996 TV movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eric Roberts",
                  "answer_start": 865
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who played the Master in the 1996 TV movie?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "The eleven remaining clubs , under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley , went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game . The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15 -- 1 record . They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49 -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots . President Clinton met his wife , former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton , while the two were students at Yale Law School .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b_m",
              "question": "Who did the Panthers beat to become the NFC champion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Panthers beat to become the NFC champs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1562_m",
          "context": ", ruled for only two years , from 1321 to 1323 . He continued his father 's policies to reform the government based on the Confucian principles , with the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju . During his reign : 大元通制 , `` the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan '' -RRB- , a huge collection of codes and regulations of the Yuan dynasty begun by his father , was formally promulgated . , perhaps steppe elite opposed to Confucian reforms . Under Marshal Adolphe Niel , urgent reforms were made . The Clitheroe area has secondary modern schools . , and , after an unsuccessful attempt to calm the princes , he also succumbed to regicide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gegeen khan",
            "ayurbarwada",
            "baiju",
            "da yuan tong zhi",
            "yesün temür"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7_m",
              "question": "Who did gekin appoint as chief justice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baiju",
                  "answer_start": 200
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Gegeen appoint as grand chancellor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-519_m",
          "context": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria . . Average temperatures are less than 9 °C -LRB- 48 °F -RRB- in winter and below 0 °C -LRB- 32 °F -RRB- in the highest parts of the ranges . . Said Young about his vision : `` I hope to see an Academy established in Provo ... at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country . '' Temperature extremes for the state are listed in the table below :",
          "c_entity": [
            "creek",
            "victorian alps",
            "great dividing range",
            "omeo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d391fb3d812140066d575_m",
              "question": "Where is the coldest place in Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Victorian Alps",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is the coldest section of Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-157_m",
          "context": "In 1874 , Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj , near Gračac . There , he explored the mountains in hunter 's garb . Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger , both physically and mentally . He read many books while in Tomingaj , and later said that Mark Twain 's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness . When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report , Burke described the Indian issue as one that `` began ` in commerce ' but ` ended in empire . ' ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1874"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla go to Tommy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1874",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla go to Tomingaj?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-13_m",
          "context": "Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season 's playoffs . , but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line , due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer , as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season . Although the team had a 7 -- 0 start . In week 10 . Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign , protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers : `` It is not in our custom to annexe countries '' , she said , `` unless we are obliged & forced to do so . '' , who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season . , however -- 7 against the 4 -- 11 San Diego Chargers -- 20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed . The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856 , when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism , the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning , a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations , especially Italy . , passing yards allowed and sacks , and like the previous three seasons , the team has continued to set numerous individual , league and franchise records . With the defense carrying the team despite the issues with the offense -- 4 record and earned home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "san diego chargers",
            "wade phillips",
            "john fox",
            "gary kubiak",
            "brock osweiler",
            "indianapolis colts",
            "nfl",
            "denver broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268_m",
              "question": "Who played Mustang in the last week of the regular season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "San Diego Chargers",
                  "answer_start": 711
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Broncos play in the last week of the regular season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-122_m",
          "context": "The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the English Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard. His stay in Normandy (until 1016) influenced him and his sons by Emma, who stayed in Normandy after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle.",
          "c_entity": [
            "sweyn forkbeard",
            "duke richard ii",
            "emma"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb_m",
              "question": "Who kicked Ethel out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sweyn Forkbeard",
                  "answer_start": 480
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who kicked Ethelred out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-493_m",
          "context": "On 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016. The Sky Q range consists of three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini), a broadband router (Sky Q Hub) and mobile applications. The Sky Q set top boxes introduce a new user interface, Wi-Fi hotspot functionality, Power-line and Bluetooth connectivity and a new touch-sensitive remote control. The Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to the Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds. This allows all set top boxes in a household to share recordings and other media. The Sky Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts, which Sky will introduce later in 2016.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2016",
            "18 november 2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096505ed30961900e84085_m",
              "question": "When will the sky play Ultra HD broadcast?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2016",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When is Sky going to introduce UHD broadcasts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-157_m",
          "context": "In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gračac. There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb. Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger, both physically and mentally. He read many books while in Tomingaj, and later said that Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness.",
          "c_entity": [
            "tomingaj",
            "gračac"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc_m",
              "question": "Where does Tesla go to avoid the military vehicle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tomingaj",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Tesla run to avoid the army draft?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1812_m",
          "context": "Under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978, an elected assembly would be set up in Edinburgh provided that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly failed. Although the vote was 51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly, this figure did not equal the 40% of the total electorate threshold deemed necessary to pass the measure, as 32.9% of the eligible voting population did not, or had been unable to, vote.",
          "c_entity": [
            "scotland",
            "edinburgh"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329_m",
              "question": "Where should an elected parliament be formed under Scottish law in 1978?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edinburgh",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was an elected assembly to be set up, under the terms of the Scotland Act of 1978?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-13_m",
          "context": "Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season 's playoffs . , but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line , due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer , and the simple fact that Manning was getting old , as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season . Although the team had a 7 -- 0 start . In week 10 , Manning suffered a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis in his left foot . Later , in 1670 -- 71 the Don Cossacks led by Stenka Razin initiated a major uprising in the Volga region , but the Tsar 's troops were successful in defeating the rebels . , but was benched after throwing four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler , who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season . Osweiler was injured , however , leading to Manning 's return during the Week 17 regular season finale -- 7 against the 4 , resulting in Manning re-claiming the starting quarterback position for the playoffs by leading the team to a key 27 -- 20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed . , passing yards allowed and sacks , and like the previous three seasons , the team has continued to set numerous individual , league and franchise records . King John V of Portugal , however , was not pleased and recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749 . With the defense carrying the team despite the issues with the offense -- 4 record and earned home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "san diego chargers",
            "wade phillips",
            "john fox",
            "gary kubiak",
            "brock osweiler",
            "indianapolis colts",
            "nfl",
            "denver broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266_m",
              "question": "Who played quarterback for Mustang after Peyton Manning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brock Osweiler",
                  "answer_start": 719
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who played quarterback for the Broncos after Peyton Manning was benched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-997_m",
          "context": "The Victorian parts of the building have a complex history , with piecemeal additions by different architects . Founded in May 1852 , it was not until 1857 that the museum moved to the present site . This area of London was known as Brompton but had been renamed South Kensington . Major `` literary '' historians include Herodotus , Thucydides and Procopius , all of whom count as canonical literary figures . The land was occupied by Brompton Park House , which was extended , most notably by the `` Brompton Boilers '' . The first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum was the Sheepshanks Gallery in 1857 on the eastern side of the garden . Its architect was civil engineer Captain Francis Fowke , Royal Engineers , who was appointed by Cole . The next major expansions were designed by the same architect . The North and South Courts , were then built , both of which opened by June 1862 . They now form the galleries for temporary exhibitions and are directly behind the Sheepshanks Gallery . On the very northern edge of the site is situated the Secretariat Wing , also built in 1862 this houses the offices and board room etc. and is not open to the public .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sheepshanks gallery",
            "v&a museum of childhood",
            "francis fowke",
            "tate gallery"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a_m",
              "question": "Who designed the Turner and Vernon galleries built in 1858-1859?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Captain Francis Fowke",
                  "answer_start": 698
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Turner and Vernon galleries that were built in 1858-9?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1169_m",
          "context": "The Shah 's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah 's decision to divide his army into small groups concentrated in various cities . This fragmentation was decisive in Khwarezmia 's defeats , although exhausted from the long journey , to immediately set about defeating small fractions of the Khwarzemi forces instead of facing a unified defense . The Mongol army quickly seized the town of Otrar , relying on superior strategy and tactics . Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians , as retribution for his actions . Near the end of the battle the Shah fled rather than surrender . Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur . Genghis Khan ordered Subutai and Jebe to hunt him down , giving them 20,000 men and two years to do this . The Shah died under mysterious circumstances on a small island within his empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "shah",
            "genghis khan",
            "inalchuq",
            "subutai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3_m",
              "question": "Who accused Genghis Khan of discovering and punishing Shah?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Subutai and Jebe",
                  "answer_start": 748
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Genghis Khan charge with finding and punishing the Shah?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2049_m",
          "context": "In this equation , a dimensional constant is used to describe the relative strength of gravity . He wrote for example , `` Locke divides all arguments into demonstrative and probable . This constant has come to be known as Newton 's Universal Gravitation Constant , though its value was unknown in Newton 's lifetime . Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance ; this was widely reported in the press as a measurement of the mass of the Earth since knowing could allow one to solve for the Earth 's mass given the above equation . Newton , however , realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion , his law of gravity had to be universal . Succinctly stated , Newton 's Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass due to the gravitational pull of mass is",
          "c_entity": [
            "1798"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378862c3c5551400e51f23_m",
              "question": "When was the first measurement of Newton's gravitational constant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1798",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the first measurement of the value of the Newton Universal Gravitation Constant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1917_m",
          "context": ", however with an internationalist ideology : Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory . , the policy of `` Indigenization '' -LSB- korenizatsiia -RSB- was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework . Never formally revoked , it stopped being implemented after 1932 . Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient , Medieval , and New Period -LRB- 1683 -RRB- . After World War II -- 20 in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe . The Soviet Union and the People 's Republic of China supported post -- World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests , but were not always successful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beginning in 1923",
            "1932",
            "1919",
            "1921"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b255396df919000962b1_m",
              "question": "When will the \"localization\" of Russian politics end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
                  "answer_start": 389
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Russian Policy \"Indigenization\" defunded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-532_m",
          "context": "A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally housemates), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse (Confederates as in \"a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy\"). Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the \"Confederate Party\", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy through an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise. The move would have had the side effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse by way of Huisgenoten supposedly became Huguenot, a nickname associating the Protestant cause with politics unpopular in France.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1560",
            "1532"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57106185b654c5140001f8df_m",
              "question": "When did the attempt take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1560",
                  "answer_start": 1023
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did this attempt take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1752_m",
          "context": "In addition to the Riemann hypothesis , many more conjectures revolving about primes have been posed . Often having an elementary formulation : all four of Landau 's problems from 1912 are still unsolved . In a moving last statement to his son Tadamasa , he wrote : One of them is Goldbach 's conjecture , which asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes . . Weaker statements than this have been proven , for example Vinogradov 's theorem says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes . Chen 's theorem says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime , the product of two primes . Also , any even integer can be written as the sum of six primes . The branch of number theory studying such questions is called additive number theory .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 2011",
            "decades",
            "1912",
            "1017"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57299021af94a219006aa50b_m",
              "question": "When did Landau put forward his four guesses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Landau propose his four conjectural problems?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-935_m",
          "context": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him, the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map. This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "american philosophical society",
            "william maclure",
            "william smith"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572686ac5951b619008f75ac_m",
              "question": "Who did William McLure give the card to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the American Philosophical Society",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To whom did William Maclure submit the map?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-752_m",
          "context": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (but not EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson where the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law. By contrast to the ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had ‘even the slightest sense of responsibility’. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office. In 2012 it investigated the Maltese Commissioner for Health, John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a €60m bribe in connection with a Tobacco Products Directive. Beyond the Commission, the European Central Bank has relative executive autonomy in its conduct of monetary policy for the purpose of managing the euro. It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "1999"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726926a5951b619008f770d_m",
              "question": "When did the European anti fraud office investigate John Daly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 836
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the European Anti-Fraud Office investigate John Dalli?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-16_m",
          "context": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier. The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "seattle seahawks",
            "panthers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d701280d65d214001982ba_m",
              "question": "Who won the super bowl against the Panthers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Panthers play to advance to the Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-993_m",
          "context": "The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857 . , made possible by the use of gas lighting . -- this was linked to the use of the collections of both applied art and science as educational resources to help boost productive industry . . , the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection , passionately promoted the idea of wide art education through the museum collections . ; after the transfer it was referred to as the Art School or Art Training School . . . The 19th-century English art critic , John Ruskin , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture , published 1849 , was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1860s",
            "early years",
            "1949",
            "the 1880s",
            "1837",
            "1811",
            "1891",
            "22 june 1857",
            "1893",
            "the following year, late night",
            "hours"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379_m",
              "question": "When is the official opening date of V & A?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 June 1857",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What is the exact date of the V&A's official opening?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-73_m",
          "context": "In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world . It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe . Today Warsaw is considered an `` Alpha -- '' global city , a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural , political and economic hub . In October 1969 , he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair , benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state , and by threatening to reduce production , in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil . Warsaw 's economy , by a wide variety of industries , metal processing , steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing . The city is a significant centre of research and development , BPO , ITO , as well as of the Polish media industry . . , has its headquarters in Warsaw . The accession of Asif Jah II , who reigned from 1762 to 1803 , ended the instability . It has been said that Warsaw , together with Frankfurt , London . Warsaw has also been called `` Eastern Europe 's chic cultural capital with thriving art and club scenes and serious restaurants '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fmcg",
            "warsaw stock exchange",
            "frontex",
            "barcelona",
            "economist intelligence unit",
            "european union"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573312fcd058e614000b56e6_m",
              "question": "Who listed Warsaw as the 32nd most valuable city in the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Economist Intelligence Unit",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-539_m",
          "context": ". They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV , who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau -LRB- 1685 -RRB- , which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France , and forced the Huguenots to convert . . These are the Südharzrevier in the north of the state , between Bischofferode in the west and Roßleben in the east with Sondershausen at its centre , and the Werrarevier on the Hessian border around Vacha and Bad Salzungen in the west . On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nearly three-quarters",
            "1685",
            "the 1620s",
            "the early 18th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57107d73b654c5140001f91e_m",
              "question": "When was the decree announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1685",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was this edict declared?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-528_m",
          "context": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament. It is responsible for managing areas of government that are not exclusively the Commonwealth's, by the Australian Constitution, such as education, health and law enforcement. The current Premier of Victoria is Daniel Andrews.",
          "c_entity": [
            "commonwealth",
            "daniel andrews",
            "legislative assembly"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670_m",
              "question": "Who is Victoria's current Prime Minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Andrews",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the current Premier of Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-612_m",
          "context": "The next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763–1775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser. Boulton and Watt's early engines used half as much coal as John Smeaton's improved version of Newcomen's. Newcomen's and Watt's early engines were \"atmospheric\". They were powered by air pressure pushing a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam, instead of the pressure of expanding steam. The engine cylinders had to be large because the only usable force acting on them was due to atmospheric pressure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1763",
            "1775"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711619950c2381900b54aaf_m",
              "question": "When did watt finish improving the Newcomen engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1775",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Watt finish the development of his improvements to Newcomen's engine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-373_m",
          "context": "Johann Eck , speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier , presented Luther with copies of his writings laid out on a table and asked him if the books were his , and whether he stood by their contents . In March 2009 , Beyoncé embarked on the I Am ... World Tour , her second headlining worldwide concert tour , consisting of 108 shows , grossing $ 119.5 million . Luther confirmed he was their author , but requested time to think about the answer to the second question . He prayed , consulted friends , and gave his response the next day :",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe_m",
              "question": "When did Luther give ike the answer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "next day",
                  "answer_start": 561
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther give his response to Eck?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1384_m",
          "context": "French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May . Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France . In 1564 , René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement , Fort Caroline , on the St. Johns near the main village of the Saturiwa . . Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible . On September 20 , 1565 , a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline , and killed nearly all the French soldiers defending it . The Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo , and following the ejection of the French , St. Augustine 's position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified . The group 's second LP , Queen II , was released in 1974 , and features rock photographer Mick Rock 's iconic image of the band on the cover . The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jean ribault",
            "fort caroline",
            "philip ii",
            "pedro menéndez de avilés"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26_m",
              "question": "Who drew the St. John River in 1562?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean Ribault",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who mapped the St. Johns River in 1562?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1662_m",
          "context": "On 23 June 2005 , Rep. Joe Barton , Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research , as well as personal information about their finances and careers . , said this was a `` misguided and illegitimate investigation '' apparently aimed at intimidating scientists . , but these had little effect on the graph , which was generally correct . The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to William Herschel , the astronomer , in the early 19th century . In a 2006 letter to Nature .",
          "c_entity": [
            "national research council",
            "bradley",
            "joe barton",
            "ed whitfield",
            "house committee on energy and commerce",
            "mann",
            "hughes",
            "u.s. national academy of sciences",
            "house science committee",
            "sherwood boehlert"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572943ab1d04691400779219_m",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the energy and Trade Commission?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rep. Joe Barton",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1767_m",
          "context": "The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928 . The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in `` Rhine-kilometers '' -LRB- Rheinkilometer -RRB- , a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance -LRB- 0 km -RRB- to Hoek van Holland -LRB- 1036.20 km -RRB- . . -LSB- note 7 -RSB- The `` total length of the Rhine '' , to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively . Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region , his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region . -LSB- note 1 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 20th century",
            "2010",
            "19th",
            "1939"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040_m",
              "question": "When did the Rhine survey start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the scale to measure the Rhine introduced? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1997_m",
          "context": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area. In 1746, Johnson was made a colonel of the Iroquois. Later he was commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia. They met at Albany, New York with Governor Clinton and officials from some of the other American colonies. Mohawk Chief Hendrick, Speaker of their tribal council, insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion. When Clinton did not respond to his satisfaction, Chief Hendrick said that the \"Covenant Chain\", a long-standing friendly relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British Crown, was broken.",
          "c_entity": [
            "clinton",
            "william johnson",
            "hendrick"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf_m",
              "question": "Who is the spokesman for the tribal council?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick",
                  "answer_start": 588
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the speaker of the tribal council?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-985_m",
          "context": "The Parish Church of St Andrew is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town'. The present building was begun in the 12th Century and the last addition to it, apart from the vestries, was the main porch in 1726. It is quite possible that there was an earlier church here dating from Saxon times. This older church would have been one of several churches along the River Tyne dedicated to St Andrew, including the Priory church at Hexham. The building contains more old stonework than any other church in Newcastle. It is surrounded by the last of the ancient churchyards to retain its original character. Many key names associated with Newcastle's history worshipped and were buried here. The church tower received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle by the Scots who finally breached the Town Wall and forced surrender. Three of the cannonballs remain on site as testament to the siege.",
          "c_entity": [
            "present",
            "1726",
            "the 12th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269b165951b619008f77b4_m",
              "question": "When did St. Andrew's Church receive it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1726",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the latest addition to the Church of St. Andrew?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1040_m",
          "context": "West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 2012 . The collection of Italian , Medieval , Renaissance . It includes Canova 's The Three Graces , which the museum jointly owns with National Galleries of Scotland . Italian sculptors whose work is held by the museum include : Bartolomeo Bon , Bartolomeo Bellano , Luca della Robbia , Giovanni Pisano , Donatello , Agostino di Duccio , Andrea Riccio , Antonio Rossellino , Andrea del Verrocchio , Antonio Lombardo , Pier Jacopo Alari Bonacolsi , Andrea della Robbia , Michelozzo di Bartolomeo , Michelangelo -LRB- represented by a freehand wax model and casts of his most famous sculptures -RRB- , Jacopo Sansovino , Alessandro Algardi , Antonio Calcagni , Benvenuto Cellini -LRB- Medusa 's head dated c. 1547 -RRB- , Agostino Busti , Bartolomeo Ammannati , Giacomo della Porta -- 3 -RRB- , Giovanni Battista Foggini , Vincenzo Foggini -LRB- Samson and the Philistines -RRB- , Massimiliano Soldani Benzi , Antonio Corradini , Andrea Brustolon , Giovanni Battista Piranesi , Innocenzo Spinazzi , Canova , Carlo Marochetti and Raffaelle Monti . An unusual sculpture is the ancient Roman statue of Narcissus restored by Valerio Cioli c1564 with plaster . There are several small scale bronzes by Donatello , Alessandro Vittoria , Tiziano Aspetti and Francesco Fanelli in the collection . As people found out there would be no closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza , there were angry reactions . -- 1500 , designed by Giuliano da Sangallo it is 11.1 metres in height by 5.4 metres square , it includes a grand sculpted tabernacle by Antonio Rossellino and coloured terracotta decoration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "italy",
            "chiara",
            "neptune",
            "scotland",
            "philistine",
            "florence",
            "giambologna",
            "santa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706_m",
              "question": "Where is the museum where V & A owns the three grasses of Canova?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "National Galleries of Scotland",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "With which museum does the V&A co-owns Canova's The Three Graces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1767_m",
          "context": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in `` Rhine-kilometers '' -LRB- Rheinkilometer -RRB- , a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance -LRB- 0 km -RRB- to Hoek van Holland -LRB- 1036.20 km -RRB- . . -LSB- note 7 -RSB- The `` total length of the Rhine '' , to the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island , which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant 's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars .",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 20th century",
            "2010",
            "19th",
            "1939"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb_m",
              "question": "When did the Rhine survey start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the measurement of the Rhine introduced? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1516_m",
          "context": "On November 8 , 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union . , when students occupied President George Beadle 's office in a protest over the university 's off-campus rental policies . After continued turmoil , a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report . The report , a two-page statement of the university 's policy in `` social and political action , '' declared that `` To perform its mission in the society , a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions , passions , and pressures . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s, beginning in 1962",
            "the 1980s",
            "the late 2000s",
            "1967"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572847ff3acd2414000df86b_m",
              "question": "When was the Calvin report published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Kalven Report issued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-890_m",
          "context": "The plague disease , caused by Yersinia pestis , including marmots , in various areas including Central Asia , Kurdistan , Western Asia , Northern India and Uganda . -- 39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic , from which it could easily have spread to China and India . , medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China . In China . Athens later allied itself to Ptolemaic Egypt to throw off Macedonian rule , eventually setting up a religious cult for the Ptolemaic kings and naming one of the city phyles in honor of Ptolemy for his aid against Macedon . However . , starting in 1331 , with a deadly plague arriving soon after . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "present",
            "the 1330s",
            "the 15 years",
            "the beginning of the 14th century",
            "october 2010",
            "1338",
            "1331",
            "the 13th century",
            "1347",
            "mongol"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572647935951b619008f6ecc_m",
              "question": "When did famine begin in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1331",
                  "answer_start": 744
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Chinese famine begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-355_m",
          "context": "In 1507, he was ordained to the priesthood, and in 1508, von Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg, sent for Luther, to teach theology. He received a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies on 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard in 1509.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1509",
            "1507",
            "9 march 1508"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb_m",
              "question": "When did Martin Luther become a priest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1507",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Martin Luther ordained as a priest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2053_m",
          "context": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These \"Maxwell Equations\" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves. This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields could be \"self-generating\" through a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum.",
          "c_entity": [
            "james clerk maxwell",
            "josiah willard gibbs",
            "oliver heaviside"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378e311c456719005744b3_m",
              "question": "Who discovered that magnetism and electricity can create themselves?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who discovered that magnetic and electric could self-generate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-797_m",
          "context": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas . The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development of the land . Prior to the early 1960s , access to the forest 's interior was highly restricted , and the forest remained basically intact . Farms established during the 1960s were based on crop cultivation and the slash and burn method . However , the colonists were unable to manage their fields and the crops because of the loss of soil fertility and weed invasion . The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time , so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land . The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace , alongside the Royal palace of Olite , built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre . These farming practices led to deforestation and caused extensive environmental damage . Deforestation is considerable , and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye from outer space .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729fd56af94a219006aa730_m",
              "question": "When is the use of the Amazon rainforest limited?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Acessing the Amazon rainforest was restricted before what era?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1146_m",
          "context": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa , Florida -LRB- WFTS-TV and WWSB -RRB- and Grand Rapids , Michigan -LRB- WZZM and WOTV -RRB- , with an analogous situation arising in Kansas City . In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957 , MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes , and won every legislative seat , which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council . , Missouri , with the former being necessitated to serve the southern part of the Tampa market including the station 's city of license , Sarasota , broadcast on VHF channel 10 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nielsen",
            "wplg",
            "abc",
            "wwsb",
            "kmbc-tv",
            "kqtv",
            "wtsp",
            "wzzm"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6_m",
              "question": "Who are the two ABC partners in Michigan rapids?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "WZZM and WOTV",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What are the two ABC affiliates for Grand Rapids Michigan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1576_m",
          "context": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empire commoners were selling their children into slavery. Seeing this as damaging to the Mongol nation, Kublai in 1291 forbade the sale abroad of Mongols. Kublai wished to persuade the Chinese that he was becoming increasingly sinicized while maintaining his Mongolian credentials with his own people. He set up a civilian administration to rule, built a capital within China, supported Chinese religions and culture, and devised suitable economic and political institutions for the court. But at the same time he never abandoned his Mongolian heritage.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1290",
            "1291"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275_m",
              "question": "When did Kublai Khan ban the international slave trade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1291",
                  "answer_start": 430
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Kublai ban the international Mongol slave trade?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-150_m",
          "context": "It is unclear whether the honorary members have any formal say in club policy , but according to the author Anthony King , it is `` unlikely that Honorary Membership would not involve at least some informal influence over the club '' . Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City . He soon struck out on his own with financial backers , setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices . , who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant . His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current `` War of Currents '' as well as various patent battles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ac",
            "george westinghouse",
            "tesla",
            "thomas edison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df9ee138dc421700152109_m",
              "question": "Who did Tesla work for in the 1880s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Edison",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Tesla work for in the 1880s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-106_m",
          "context": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann \"Northman\" or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "9th century",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde0379a695914005b9637_m",
              "question": "When was the Latin word Norman first recorded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9th century",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Latin version of the word Norman first recorded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1917_m",
          "context": "Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921 , however with an internationalist ideology : Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory . A brief shoot at London 's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015 , while Mendes was on location . Beginning in 1923 , the policy of `` Indigenization '' -LSB- korenizatsiia -RSB- was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework . Never formally revoked , it stopped being implemented after 1932 . After World War II -- 20 in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe . -- World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests , but were not always successful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
            "republic of china",
            "soviet",
            "eastern europe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b255396df919000962b3_m",
              "question": "Where did Russia use its old Tsar regime after the second world war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eastern Europe",
                  "answer_start": 704
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "After WW-II where did Russia apply its old Tsarist regimes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-374_m",
          "context": "At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael mullett",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417_m",
              "question": "Who thinks Luther's speech is a world classic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Mullett",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who considers Luther's speech a world classic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1106_m",
          "context": "When the FCC imposed its fin-syn rules in 1970 , ABC proactively created two companies : Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor , and ABC Circle Films as a production company . Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa . However , between the publication and implementation of these regulations . The broadcast rights to pre-1973 productions were transferred to Worldvision . , a unit of CBS Corporation . Nonetheless , Worldvision sold portions of its catalog , including the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries . , ABC Circle Films was absorbed into Touchstone Television .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recently",
            "1973",
            "the same year",
            "1999",
            "1990",
            "1970",
            "1996",
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727504b5951b619008f881d_m",
              "question": "When did the FCC begin to implement the fin syn rule?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the FCC begin imposing fin-syn rules?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-908_m",
          "context": "In England , in the absence of census figures , and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million . , the Black Death subsided , but it never really died out in England . -- 62 -- 83 -- 93 . Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by `` Cambridge Platonist '' John Norris -LRB- 1701 -RRB- . -- 15 % of the population -- 80 could have been as high as 20 % . , and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665 . The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hundred years",
            "1479",
            "1589",
            "1389",
            "the end of 1350",
            "1625",
            "1300",
            "1369",
            "1535",
            "the first half of the 15th century",
            "1665",
            "and 1636",
            "1603",
            "1498",
            "1471",
            "1361",
            "1543",
            "1563",
            "1379"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726559edd62a815002e81cb_m",
              "question": "When did the great plague of London happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1665",
                  "answer_start": 460
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the great plague of London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-151_m",
          "context": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage , high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs , and made early -LRB- 1893 -RRB- pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices . He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission , his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project . In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant 's research into marine invertebrates . It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock . In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators , electrical discharge tubes , and early X-ray imaging . He also built a wireless controlled boat , one of the first ever exhibited .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1893"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa01738dc42170015211d_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla discover the possibility of wireless connectivity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1893",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla discover the possibility of wireless connectivity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2047_m",
          "context": "What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object. Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as  and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth. This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of  will experience a force:",
          "c_entity": [
            "isaac newton",
            "galileo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573784fa1c45671900574483_m",
              "question": "Who thinks gravity is a force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Newton",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who identified gravity as a force?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1188_m",
          "context": ", such as Muqali , and regarded them as close advisors , often extending them the same privileges and trust normally reserved for close family members . He allowed them to make decisions on their own when they embarked on campaigns far from the Mongol Empire capital Karakorum . Muqali , a trusted lieutenant , an idea they had presented to the Khagan on their own initiative . While granting his generals a great deal of autonomy in making command decisions . In 1163 , during the reign of Louis VII , Maurice de Sully , bishop of Paris , undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity . Mick Cornett serves as Mayor , having first been elected in 2004 , and re-elected in 2006 , 2010 , and 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jebe",
            "kievan rus",
            "genghis khan",
            "jin",
            "muqali",
            "subutai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4_m",
              "question": "Who is the command of the Mongolian army over the Jin Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muqali",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was delegated command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1665_m",
          "context": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC , far from overstating dangers and risks , have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels . When the researchers ' analysis was `` applied to the possible scenarios outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -LRB- IPCC -RRB- -- 1.4 m -LSB- 50 . These values are much greater than the 9 -- 88 cm as projected by the IPCC itself in its Third Assessment Report , published in 2001 '' . Ptolemy IV won the great battle of Raphia -LRB- 217 BCE -RRB- against the Seleucids , using native Egyptians trained as phalangites . , in part , to the expanding human understanding of climate . Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France , begun in October , where he said : `` I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France , one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2100",
            "1990",
            "this may",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572949306aef051400154c6b_m",
              "question": "When was the third assessment report released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Third Assessment Report published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-623_m",
          "context": "In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion. English chemist John Mayow (1641–1679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus. In one experiment he found that placing either a mouse or a lit candle in a closed container over water caused the water to rise and replace one-fourteenth of the air's volume before extinguishing the subjects. From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1679",
            "1641",
            "the late 17th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8_m",
              "question": "When did John Mayo die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1679",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "John Mayow died in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1022_m",
          "context": "Well represented in the collection is Meissen porcelain, from the first factory in Europe to discover the Chinese method of making porcelain. Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great. Ceramics from the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres are extensive, especially from the 18th and 19th centuries. The collection of 18th-century British porcelain is the largest and finest in the world. Examples from every factory are represented, the collections of Chelsea porcelain and Worcester Porcelain being especially fine. All the major 19th-century British factories are also represented. A major boost to the collections was the Salting Bequest made in 1909, which enriched the museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics. This bequest forms part of the finest collection of East Asian pottery and porcelain in the world, including Kakiemon ware.",
          "c_entity": [
            "frederick",
            "möllendorff dinner service",
            "chelsea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5_m",
              "question": "Who designed m246d2ff dinner service?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick II the Great",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the  Möllendorff Dinner Service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-500_m",
          "context": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom. Any channel which can get carriage on a suitable beam of a satellite at 28° East is entitled to access to BSkyB's EPG for a fee, ranging from £15–100,000. Third-party channels which opt for encryption receive discounts ranging from reduced price to free EPG entries, free carriage on a BSkyB leased transponder, or actual payment for being carried. However, even in this case, BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.",
          "c_entity": [
            "epg",
            "bskyb",
            "ofcom"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096f37200fba1400367fe5_m",
              "question": "Who approved BSkyB?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ofcom",
                  "answer_start": 134
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who does BSkyB have an operating license from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1283_m",
          "context": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities . Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions , banks , and private universities can be justified if it reflects `` a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken '' . All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George -LSB- citation needed -RSB- , after King George III , and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation . The same principle , she argues , applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments . The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal , which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brownlee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080_m",
              "question": "Who says listed companies can also be part of civil disobedience?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brownlee",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who claims that public companies can also be part of civil disobedience?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-79_m",
          "context": "Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus , a large kingdom in Asia Minor -LRB- modern Turkey -RRB- , from 120 to 63 BC . Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia . , Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw . , Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland , a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia . The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816 . Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1816",
            "1815",
            "1806",
            "1796"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332a734776f4190066072a_m",
              "question": "When was the Royal University of Warsaw founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1816",
                  "answer_start": 516
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1914_m",
          "context": "Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon",
            "otto von bismarck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77_m",
              "question": "Who led to the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 356
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-148_m",
          "context": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil, several monks of Saint-Evroul fled to southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia. There they continued the tradition of singing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "italy",
            "normandy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de52614396321400ee27fb_m",
              "question": "Where did the monks go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "southern Italy",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did the monks flee to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-44_m",
          "context": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marlee matlin",
            "asl",
            "lady gaga"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4_m",
              "question": "Who sang the Super Bowl 50 national anthem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lady Gaga",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Super Bowl 50 National Anthem?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1918_m",
          "context": ", and others , believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution . Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism . However , after Lenin 's death , creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements . The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War . With the beginning of the new era , in the late 1950s . In his speech on the UN conference in 1960 , he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism , stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders . Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist , critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires . Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states . It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control . . Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision . Moreover , the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government . Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR , considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nikita khrushchev",
            "joseph stalin",
            "lenin",
            "vasyl shakhrai",
            "mao zedong",
            "trotsky",
            "sultan galiev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6_m",
              "question": "Who writes that imperialism is the highest state of capitalism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lenin",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-438_m",
          "context": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546, three days before his death. It was \"entirely devoted to the obdurate Jews, whom it was a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory,\" according to Léon Poliakov. James Mackinnon writes that it concluded with a \"fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst, unless they desisted from their calumny and their usury and became Christians.\" Luther said, \"we want to practice Christian love toward them and pray that they convert,\" but also that they are \"our public enemies ... and if they could kill us all, they would gladly do so. And so often they do.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 february 1546",
            "three days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e_m",
              "question": "When was Luther's last sermon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 February 1546",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Luther's last sermon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-397_m",
          "context": "Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism, to be memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers in the catechism so that the basics of Christian faith would not just be learned by rote, \"the way monkeys do it\", but understood.",
          "c_entity": [
            "supper",
            "1529"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce_m",
              "question": "When did Luther write the great Q & A?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1529",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther write the Large Catechism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2024_m",
          "context": "Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines . In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction , and a consequently inadequate view of the nature of natural motion . A fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion , even at a constant velocity . . In December 1994 , after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act , Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding . With his mathematical insight , Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years . If I governed a nation of Jews , I should reestablish the Temple of Solomon . '' By the early 20th century , and also provided insight into the forces produced by gravitation and inertia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "galileo galilei",
            "aristotle",
            "einstein",
            "isaac newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73_m",
              "question": "Who has mathematics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Isaac Newton",
                  "answer_start": 635
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had mathmatical insite?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1464_m",
          "context": "\"Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006. The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror were animated by animation company Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish, and became available for purchase in May 2013 through Amazon.com. Subsequent animations made in 2013 include The Tenth Planet, The Ice Warriors and The Moonbase.",
          "c_entity": [
            "amazon.com",
            "bbc",
            "cosgrove hall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572805363acd2414000df26e_m",
              "question": "Who did the BBC work with to reconstruct some of the intrusions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cosgrove Hall",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the BBC work with to reconstruct some of The Invasion episodes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1563_m",
          "context": "When Yesün Temür died in Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Temür was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür. He was installed as the emperor (Emperor Wenzong) in Khanbaliq, while Yesün Temür's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support of Yesün Temür's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah. Gaining support from princes and officers in Northern China and some other parts of the dynasty, Khanbaliq-based Tugh Temür eventually won the civil war against Ragibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals. Afterwards, Tugh Temür abdicated in favour of his brother Kusala, who was backed by Chagatai Khan Eljigidey, and announced Khanbaliq's intent to welcome him. However, Kusala suddenly died only four days after a banquet with Tugh Temür. He was supposedly killed with poison by El Temür, and Tugh Temür then remounted the throne. Tugh Temür also managed to send delegates to the western Mongol khanates such as Golden Horde and Ilkhanate to be accepted as the suzerain of Mongol world. However, he was mainly a puppet of the powerful official El Temür during his latter three-year reign. El Temür purged pro-Kusala officials and brought power to warlords, whose despotic rule clearly marked the decline of the dynasty.",
          "c_entity": [
            "northern",
            "china",
            "shangdu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728705c2ca10214002da35a_m",
              "question": "Where did yessentmoore die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shangdu",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did Yesun Temur die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-104_m",
          "context": "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. Through generations of assimilation and mixing with the native Frankish and Roman-Gaulish populations, their descendants would gradually merge with the Carolingian-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles iii",
            "normans",
            "rollo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b_m",
              "question": "Who is the leader of Norway?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rollo",
                  "answer_start": 308
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Norse leader?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1916_m",
          "context": "During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 , Japan absorbed Taiwan . , Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia . . During World War I , Japan took German-leased territories in China 's Shandong Province , as well as the Mariana , Caroline , and Marshall Islands . , Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention . . , Japan 's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War , Japan had conquered much of the Far East , including Hong Kong , Vietnam , Cambodia , Myanmar , the Philippines , Indonesia , part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean . Japan also invaded Thailand , pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance . Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners . The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and , according to the College of Arms in London , Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1894",
            "1918",
            "1905",
            "1937",
            "1931",
            "1910"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3_m",
              "question": "When was the first Sino Japanese war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the first Sino-Japanese War?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-673_m",
          "context": "Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him , who became the first woman -LRB- elected or otherwise -RRB- to govern Mexico City . The embargo was not uniform across Europe . , the Netherlands faced a complete embargo , the UK and France received almost uninterrupted supplies -LRB- having refused to allow America to use their airfields and embargoed arms and supplies to both the Arabs and the Israelis -RRB- , while the other six faced partial cutbacks . The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel . His successor , Ted Heath , reversed this policy in 1970 , calling for Israel to withdraw to its pre-1967 borders . They made little advance from their base there. : 175 -- 176 In July 1854 , the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854 , engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and conquered it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "harold wilson",
            "european economic community",
            "ted heath",
            "eec"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1_m",
              "question": "Who wants Israel to withdraw from the border?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ted Heath",
                  "answer_start": 592
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wanted Israel to withdraw from its border?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1605_m",
          "context": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957 . Despite British hopes of handing power to `` moderate '' local rivals , it was the Kenya African National Union -LRB- KANU -RRB- of Jomo Kenyatta that formed a government . Napoleon approached the regiment alone , dismounted his horse and , when he was within gunshot range , shouted to the soldiers , `` Here I am . . The United Kingdom ceded sovereignty over the Colony of Kenya and , the Sultan of Zanzibar agreed that simultaneous with independence for the Colony of Kenya , the Sultan would cease to have sovereignty over the Protectorate of Kenya so that all of Kenya would be one sovereign , independent state . In this way . , Kenya became a republic under the name `` Republic of Kenya '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "12 december 1964",
            "12 december 1963",
            "8 october 1963",
            "1957",
            "12 months later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572906e23f37b31900477f8d_m",
              "question": "When was the first direct election of indigenous people in Kenya?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the first direct elections for native Kenyans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1875_m",
          "context": "For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists by placing sympathetic students in the university and military academy while serving as minister of education.",
          "c_entity": [
            "gaafar al-nimeiry",
            "hassan al-turabi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302700a23a5019007fce8a_m",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the Islamic regime in Sudan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hassan al-Turabi",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1462_m",
          "context": "A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG -LRB- United Nations Transition Assistance Group -RRB- under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process , elections and supervise military withdrawals . , large amounts of older material stored in the BBC 's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed , -LSB- note 3 -RSB- wiped , or suffered from poor storage which led to severe deterioration from broadcast quality . This included many old episodes of Doctor Who , mostly stories featuring the first two Doctors : William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton . In all , 4 , & 5 , from which 79 episodes are missing -RRB- . , almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC , while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying `` spare '' film copies had been brought to a stop .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the first six years",
            "1972",
            "1973",
            "1978",
            "about 1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803493acd2414000df22c_m",
              "question": "When did the habit of wiping stop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 783
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the practice of wiping tapes stop?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2019_m",
          "context": "In September 1760 , and before any hostilities erupted , Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst . Amherst granted Vaudreuil 's request that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition , continued ownership of their property , and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes . The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war . The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei -LRB- ca. 1520 -- 1591 -RRB- , father of Galileo and the inventor of monody , made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems , firstly , of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments , and to volume of air in wind instruments ; and secondly to composition , by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna -LRB- Florence , 1581 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vaudreuil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573407d7d058e614000b6813_m",
              "question": "Who negotiated surrender from Montreal in September 1760?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Governor Vaudreuil",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In Sept 1760 who negotiated a capitulation from Montreal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-667_m",
          "context": "This contributed to the `` Oil Shock '' . After 1971 , OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation . Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai and , despite being heavily outnumbered , defeated a host of allied Ming and Korean forces at the Battle of Sacheon in 1598 , near the conclusion of the campaigns . . Until the oil shock , the price had also remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities . OPEC ministers had not developed institutional mechanisms to update prices in sync with changing market conditions , so their real incomes lagged . . Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "1973",
            "1967",
            "1971",
            "1974",
            "1947"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4_m",
              "question": "When does OPEC begin to change oil prices?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "After 1971",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did OPEC start to readjust oil prices?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-322_m",
          "context": "In the United States especially , several high-profile cases such as Debra LaFave , Pamela Rogers , and Mary Kay Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct . The Soviets had also cracked the codes used by the US to communicate with the US embassy in Moscow , and reading these dispatches convinced Stalin that Korea did not have the importance to the US that would warrant a nuclear confrontation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67_m",
              "question": "Where are known cases of teacher misconduct?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where has there been very well-known cases of teacher misconduct?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1857_m",
          "context": "While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvement in World War I and remained in close touch with Muslim political leaders such as Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress. Iqbal's seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. These lectures dwell on the role of Islam as a religion as well as a political and legal philosophy in the modern age.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1908",
            "1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16_m",
              "question": "When did Iqbal return to Lahore?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did Iqbal return to Lahore?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-174_m",
          "context": "In his spontaneous response to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Carranza asked `` that the president withdraw American troops from Mexico . '' In 1893 Richard Dean Adams . , high-voltage DC , and even compressed air . . . One of them , Edward Bonventure , then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594 . . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "westinghouse electric",
            "niagara falls cataract construction company",
            "richard dean adams",
            "general electric",
            "columbian exposition",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459_m",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the company?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dean Adams",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of the company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-419_m",
          "context": ", Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews and advocated their conversion by proving that the Old Testament could be shown to speak of Jesus Christ . However , as the Reformation continued , Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity . Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying : `` In high school , I got smacked and kicked around . , Luther grew more hostile toward the Jews , writing against them with the kind of venom he had already unleashed on the Anabaptists , Zwinglianism , and the papacy . His 1543 treatise Von den Juden und ihren Lügen -LRB- On the Jews and Their Lies -RRB- took its place among other anti-Jewish literature of the times , although historians acknowledge that this treatise was particularly extreme . In it , he takes a hardline against Judaism , writing that synagogues and Jewish homes should be destroyed , their money confiscated , and liberty curtailed . These statements and their influence on antisemitism have contributed to his controversial status .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1523",
            "later years",
            "1543",
            "sixteenth century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61_m",
              "question": "When did Luther write an extreme thesis against Jews?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1543",
                  "answer_start": 624
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther write an extreme treatise against the Jews?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-753_m",
          "context": "While the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process. According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes \"the principle of equality of its citizens\" and is meant to be founded on \"representative democracy\". In practice, equality and democracy are deficient because the elected representatives in the Parliament cannot initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes, citizens of smallest countries have ten times the voting weight in Parliament as citizens of the largest countries, and \"qualified majorities\" or consensus of the Council are required to legislate. The justification for this \"democratic deficit\" under the Treaties is usually thought to be that completion integration of the European economy and political institutions required the technical coordination of experts, while popular understanding of the EU developed and nationalist sentiments declined post-war. Over time, this has meant the Parliament gradually assumed more voice: from being an unelected assembly, to its first direct elections in 1979, to having increasingly more rights in the legislative process. Citizens' rights are therefore limited compared to the democratic polities within all European member states: under TEU article 11 citizens and associations have the rights such as publicising their views and submit an initiative that must be considered by the Commission with one million signatures. TFEU article 227 contains a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years, and votes for Members of the European Parliament in member states must be organised by proportional representation or a single transferable vote. There are 750 MEPs and their numbers are \"degressively proportional\" according to member state size. This means - although the Council is meant to be the body representing member states - in the Parliament citizens of smaller member states have more voice than citizens in larger member states. MEPs divide, as they do in national Parliaments, along political party lines: the conservative European People's Party is currently the largest, and the Party of European Socialists leads the opposition. Parties do not receive public funds from the EU, as the Court of Justice held in Parti écologiste \"Les Verts\" v Parliament that this was entirely an issue to be regulated by the member states. The Parliament's powers include calling inquiries into maladministration or appoint an Ombudsman pending any court proceedings. It can require the Commission respond to questions and by a two-thirds majority can censure the whole Commission (as happened to the Santer Commission in 1999). In some cases, the Parliament has explicit consultation rights, which the Commission must genuinely follow. However its role participation in the legislative process still remains limited because no member can actually or pass legislation without the Commission and Council, meaning power (\"kratia\") is not in the hands of directly elected representatives of the people (\"demos\"): in the EU it is not yet true that \"the administration is in the hands of the many and not of the few.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "currently",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726938af1498d1400e8e448_m",
              "question": "When was the first direct election held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 1184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the first direct elections take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1937_m",
          "context": "While many United Methodist congregations operate in the evangelical tradition , others reflect the mainline Protestant traditions . McNutt says , `` It is probably safe to assume that sometime during Iron Age a population began to identify itself as ` Israelite ' '' , differentiating itself from the Canaanites through such markers as the prohibition of intermarriage , an emphasis on family history and genealogy , and religion . Although United Methodist practices and interpretation of beliefs have evolved over time , these practices and beliefs can be traced to the writings of the church 's founders , especially John Wesley and Charles Wesley -LRB- Anglicans -RRB- , but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm -LRB- United Brethren -RRB- , and Jacob Albright -LRB- Evangelical Association -RRB- . With the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968 , theologian Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine . However both Carey and Minaj left after one season , and Randy Jackson also announced that he would depart the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor . Outler 's work proved pivotal in the work of union , and he is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1968"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655_m",
              "question": "When was UMNO established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 867
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the UMC formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-990_m",
          "context": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London, is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in an area that has become known as \"Albertopolis\" because of its association with Prince Albert, the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated. These include the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum and the Royal Albert Hall. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like other national British museums, entrance to the museum has been free since 2001.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1852",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572680ac708984140094c841_m",
              "question": "When did the museum start to charge free admission?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 812
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year did the museum started charging free admission fees?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-21_m",
          "context": "Luís Cabral , brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC , was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau . With Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX , this will be the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves . The show , with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting , and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge , grew into a phenomenon .",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "elway",
            "kubiak",
            "rivera"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d709ef0d65d21400198306_m",
              "question": "Who is the manager of the Panthers in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rivera",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Panthers head coach for the 2015 season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1460_m",
          "context": ", on overseas commercial channels -RRB- , and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- However , the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company , which entered into liquidation in 1915 . Each series includes several standalone and multi-part stories , linked with a loose story arc that resolves in the series finale . As in the early `` classic '' era , each episode , whether standalone or part of a larger story , has its own title . Occasionally ; notably .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008",
            "2005",
            "an hour",
            "60 minutes",
            "christmas day",
            "the eleventh hour",
            "2010",
            "45-minute"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572801823acd2414000df1fd_m",
              "question": "When will there be a long episode of doctor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christmas Day",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was an extended episode of Doctor Who shown?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-321_m",
          "context": "A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers as well as teachers. It is important to note, however, that the British study referenced above is the only one of its kind and consisted of \"a random ... probability sample of 2,869 young people between the ages of 18 and 24 in a computer-assisted study\" and that the questions referred to \"sexual abuse with a professional,\" not necessarily a teacher. It is therefore logical to conclude that information on the percentage of abuses by teachers in the United Kingdom is not explicitly available and therefore not necessarily reliable. The AAUW study, however, posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency and included only abuses by teachers. \"The sample was drawn from a list of 80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065 8th to 11th grade students\"Its reliability was gauged at 95% with a 4% margin of error.",
          "c_entity": [
            "united kingdom",
            "england"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca_m",
              "question": "Where is the evidence that the prevalence of sexual abuse among professionals is 0.3%?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "England",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was it shown to have a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by professionals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-156_m",
          "context": "In 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times. Tesla's father, in a moment of despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "nine months"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df_m",
              "question": "When was Tesla back in smerian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What was the year when Tesla went back to Smiljan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1002_m",
          "context": "The main façade , built from red brick and Portland stone , stretches 720 feet -LRB- 220 m -RRB- along Cromwell Gardens and was designed by Aston Webb after winning a competition in 1891 to extend the museum . Construction took place between 1899 and 1909 . Stylistically it is a strange hybrid , although much of the detail belongs to the Renaissance there are medieval influences at work . The main entrance consisting of a series of shallow arches supported by slender columns and niches with twin doors separated by pier is Romanesque in form but Classical in detail . Likewise the tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by a statue of fame , a feature of late Gothic architecture and a feature common in Scotland , but the detail is Classical . The main windows to the galleries are also mullioned and transomed , again a Gothic feature , the top row of windows are interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum . The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger .",
          "c_entity": [
            "aston webb"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe_m",
              "question": "Who designed the main ticket along the Cromwell garden?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aston Webb",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who designed the main façade that stretches along Cromwell Gardens?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-993_m",
          "context": "Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi -LRB- d. 1725 -RRB- . The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857 . In the following year , late night openings were introduced , made possible by the use of gas lighting . This was to enable in the words of Cole `` to ascertain practically what hours are most convenient to the working classes '' -- this was linked to the use of the collections of both applied art and science as educational resources to help boost productive industry . . George Wallis -LRB- 1811 -- 1891 -RRB- , the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection , passionately promoted the idea of wide art education through the museum collections . ; after the transfer it was referred to as the Art School or Art Training School . From the 1860s to the 1880s the scientific collections had been moved from the main museum site to various improvised galleries to the west of Exhibition Road . Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain . In 1893 the `` Science Museum '' had effectively come into existence when a separate director was appointed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "royal college of art",
            "somerset house",
            "george wallis",
            "british museum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a_m",
              "question": "Who is the first custodian of V & A art collection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Wallis",
                  "answer_start": 557
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is known as the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection at the V&A?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-354_m",
          "context": "Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair. He said, \"I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz, his superior, pointed Luther's mind away from continual reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart.",
          "c_entity": [
            "christ the savior",
            "johann von staupitz",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77_m",
              "question": "Who distracted Luther from self reflection and the merits of Christ?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johann von Staupitz",
                  "answer_start": 332
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who directed Luther away from self-reflection and towards the merits of Christ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15 -- 1 record , and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- . They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49 -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . The Vinča culture may have created the earliest system of writing , the Vinča signs , though archaeologist Shan Winn believes they most likely represented pictograms and ideograms rather than a truly developed form of writing . The Broncos finished the regular season with a 12 -- 4 record , and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20 -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots , Dallas Cowboys , and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa_m",
              "question": "When was the Carolina Panthers founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was the Carolina Panthers franchise founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1937_m",
          "context": "While many United Methodist congregations operate in the evangelical tradition , others reflect the mainline Protestant traditions . Although United Methodist practices and interpretation of beliefs have evolved over time , these practices and beliefs can be traced to the writings of the church 's founders . Napoleon was born in Corsica to a relatively modest family of noble Tuscan ancestry . With the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968 , theologian Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine . Outler 's work proved pivotal in the work of union , and he is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martin boehm",
            "charles wesley",
            "evangelical association",
            "john wesley",
            "jacob albright",
            "philip william otterbein",
            "albert c. outler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657_m",
              "question": "Who is widely regarded as the first United Methodist theologian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert C. Outler",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1487_m",
          "context": "During the ITV network strike of 1979 , viewership peaked at 16 million . . , according to the BBC Board of Control . Some fans considered this disingenuous , since the programme was scheduled against the soap opera Coronation Street . . In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge . Around 930 BCE , the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "2005",
            "evening",
            "time",
            "1989",
            "1979",
            "the 1980s",
            "18 months"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2_m",
              "question": "When did you see the top doctors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "During the ITV network strike of 1979",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Doctor Who viewing at its highest level?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-552_m",
          "context": "Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names . Balearic has also instances of stressed / ə / . Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape . Many families , today mostly Afrikaans-speaking , have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry . Examples include : Blignaut , Cilliers , de Klerk -LRB- Le Clercq -RRB- , de Villiers , du Plessis , Du Preez -LRB- Des Pres -RRB- , du Randt -LRB- Durand -RRB- , du Toit , Duvenhage -LRB- Du Vinage -RRB- , Franck , Fouche , Fourie -LRB- Fleurit -RRB- , Gervais , Giliomee -LRB- Guilliaume -RRB- , Gous/Gouws -LRB- Gauch -RRB- , Hugo , Jordaan -LRB- Jourdan -RRB- , Joubert , Kriek , Labuschagne -LRB- la Buscagne -RRB- , le Roux , Lombard , Malan , Malherbe , Maree , Minnaar -LRB- Mesnard -RRB- , Nel -LRB- Nell -RRB- , Naude ' , Nortje -LRB- Nortier -RRB- , Pienaar -LRB- Pinard -RRB- , Retief -LRB- Retif -RRB- , Rossouw -LRB- Rousseau -RRB- , Taljaard -LRB- Taillard -RRB- , TerBlanche , Theron , Viljoen -LRB- Villion -RRB- and Visagie -LRB- Visage -RRB- . The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots , or were brandy distillers , and used their skills in their new home .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south africa",
            "western cape",
            "marais",
            "france"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88_m",
              "question": "Where can you find the old hugueno farm in South Africa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Western Cape province",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where can one find the formerly Huguenot farms in South Africa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-170_m",
          "context": "In July 1888 , Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse for Tesla 's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $ 60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $ 2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor . At Sant ` Andrea in Catabarbara -LRB- 468 -- 483 , destroyed in 1686 -RRB- Christ appeared in the center , flanked on either side by three Apostles . These ideas were challenged , for example by the young Karl Marx , who criticized the project of political emancipation -LRB- embodied in the form of human rights -RRB- , asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "july 1888",
            "month",
            "one year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0dc667aa994140058e784_m",
              "question": "When did peck, brown and Westinghouse reach an agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the deal between Peck, Brown and Westinghouse take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-602_m",
          "context": "Around 1800 Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans in 1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802. These were much more powerful for a given cylinder size than previous engines and could be made small enough for transport applications. Thereafter, technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques (partly brought about by the adoption of the steam engine as a power source) resulted in the design of more efficient engines that could be smaller, faster, or more powerful, depending on the intended application.",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard trevithick",
            "oliver evans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a_m",
              "question": "Who made high pressure steam in 1801?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oliver Evans",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who created an engine using high pressure steam in 1801?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-8_m",
          "context": "There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists , including the Picasso Museum the Rodin Museum , and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix . On May 21 , 2013 , NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi 's Stadium . The $ 1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014 . The musician and film director Cosmo Jarvis has lived in several towns in South Devon and has filmed videos in and around Plymouth . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "boston",
            "san diego",
            "california",
            "area",
            "san francisco bay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c_m",
              "question": "Where will the meeting be held when the NFL boss votes on the location of Super Bowl 50?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boston",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the meeting held when the NFL owners voted on the location for Super Bowl 50?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-121_m",
          "context": "On 4 November Charles-Jean-François Depont wrote to Burke , requesting that he endorse the Revolution . Although Madonna was not the lead actress for the film , her profile was such that the movie widely became considered -LRB- and marketed -RRB- as a Madonna vehicle . The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185 , when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium , owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials . Some time later , Dyrrachium -- one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic -- fell again to Byzantine hands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1185"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2_m",
              "question": "When did the Normans attack dyrrachium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1185",
                  "answer_start": 356
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Normans attack Dyrrachium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-531_m",
          "context": "Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562 , concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France , about one-eighth the number of French Catholics . As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith , Catholic hostility grew , in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown . Shuman 's plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 -- 52 kilowatts -LRB- 60 -- 70 hp -RRB- engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres -LRB- 4,800 imp gal ; 5,800 US gal -RRB- of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields . After the war , Robert Oppenheimer remarked that the physicists involved in the Manhattan project had `` known sin '' . A series of religious conflicts followed , known as the Wars of Religion , fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598 . The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes , which granted the Huguenots substantial religious , political and military autonomy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "france"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e_m",
              "question": "Where is the main population of Huguenots in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the southern and central parts of France",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was France's Huguenot population largely centered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-226_m",
          "context": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work . However , when he did engage in a social life , many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla . The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod ; he does not -- unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent , the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod -- perform any duties related to the House of Lords . , sincerity , modesty , refinement , generosity , and force . '' His loyal secretary , Dorothy Skerrit , wrote : `` his genial smile and nobility of bearing always denoted the gentlemanly characteristics that were so ingrained in his soul . '' Tesla 's friend , wrote , `` seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a poet , a philosopher , an appreciator of fine music , a linguist , and a connoisseur of food and drink . '' : 80",
          "c_entity": [
            "julian hawthorne",
            "robert underwood johnson",
            "dorothy skerrit",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e_m",
              "question": "Who is Tesla's secretary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dorothy Skerrit",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Tesla's secretary? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1831_m",
          "context": "The Scotland Act 1998, which was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and given royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II on 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012 extends the devolved competencies. For the purposes of parliamentary sovereignty, the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland. However, under the terms of the Scotland Act, Westminster agreed to devolve some of its responsibilities over Scottish domestic policy to the Scottish Parliament. Such \"devolved matters\" include education, health, agriculture and justice. The Scotland Act enabled the Scottish Parliament to pass primary legislation on these issues. A degree of domestic authority, and all foreign policy, remain with the UK Parliament in Westminster. The Scottish Parliament has the power to pass laws and has limited tax-varying capability. Another of the roles of the Parliament is to hold the Scottish Government to account.",
          "c_entity": [
            "elizabeth ii",
            "westminster",
            "scottish parliament"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477_m",
              "question": "Who has the responsibility to hold the Scottish government accountable?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scottish Parliament",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who has the role of holding the Scottish Government to account?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-381_m",
          "context": ", of which he was kept fully informed . , supported by the ex-Augustinian Gabriel Zwilling , embarked on a radical programme of reform there in June 1521 . As a child , young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world , resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age . The reforms provoked disturbances , including a revolt by the Augustinian friars against their prior , the smashing of statues and images in churches , and denunciations of the magistracy . . , the so-called Zwickau prophets , arrived , preaching revolutionary doctrines such as the equality of man , adult baptism , and Christ 's imminent return . , he decided it was his duty to act .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martin luther",
            "andreas karlstadt",
            "gabriel zwilling",
            "wittenberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f84760aef2371900625f81_m",
              "question": "Who supported Andreas karistat in Wittenberg's reform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gabriel Zwilling",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who supported Andreas Karistadt in reform at Wittenberg?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1415_m",
          "context": "In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination may contribute to this gap. On average, women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work, and may be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference. A U.S. Census's report stated that in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men. The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bahrain.",
          "c_entity": [
            "u.s. census",
            "thomas sowell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea_m",
              "question": "Who is the author of knowledge and decision?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Sowell",
                  "answer_start": 302
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the author of the book, \"Knowledge and Decisions\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1034_m",
          "context": "The Musical Instruments gallery closed 25 February 2010 , a decision which was highly controversial . A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks , including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier , and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey . . The answer , from Bryan Davies was that the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public , with items being redistributed to the British Galleries , the Medieval & Renaissance Galleries , and the planned new galleries for Furniture and Europe 1600 -- 1800 . The Horniman went on to host a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments , and has the loan of 35 instruments from the museum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chris smith",
            "horniman museum",
            "bryan davies",
            "parliament"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad_m",
              "question": "Who explained how the museum would receive and open the collection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bryan Davies",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Which Member of Parliament explained how the museum would preserve the collection and keep it available to the public?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1580_m",
          "context": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty. The calendar may have been influenced solely by the work of Song dynasty astronomer Shen Kuo or possibly by the work of Arab astronomers. There are no explicit signs of Muslim influences in the Shoushi calendar, but Mongol rulers were known to be interested in Muslim calendars. Mathematical knowledge from the Middle East was introduced to China under the Mongols, and Muslim astronomers brought Arabic numerals to China in the 13th century.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 13th century",
            "1281",
            "fixing the seasons"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728809f2ca10214002da410_m",
              "question": "When did Gou's calendar become yuan's official calendar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1281",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Gou's calendar become the official calendar of the Yuan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1054_m",
          "context": ", and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods . The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888 , and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911 . , 1942 . The concept of creating a propositional calculus for quantum logic was first outlined in a short section in von Neumann 's 1932 work , but in 1936 , the need for the new propositional calculus was demonstrated through several proofs . . Between 1942 and 1943 , a package that included leases on landlines , three pending television licenses -LRB- WJZ-TV in New York City , 60 affiliates , four operations facilities -LRB- in New York City , Chicago , Los Angeles and Washington D.C. -RRB- , contracts with actors . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mark woods",
            "dillon, read & co.",
            "nbc red",
            "swiss bank corporation",
            "david sarnoff",
            "fcc",
            "nbc blue network",
            "rca",
            "kgo-tv"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc_m",
              "question": "Who approved the sale of NBC blue by RCA in 1941?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mark Woods",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To whom did RCA mandate the sale of NBC blue to in 1941?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-538_m",
          "context": "Stadtholder William III of Orange , who later became King of England , emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672 . William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state . According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population -LRB- s -RRB- carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component , which the researchers dub the `` Ethio-Somali '' . Consequently , many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic , which led the opposition to Louis XIV , as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes . The National Museum of Art -LRB- Museo Nacional de Arte -RRB- is also located in a former palace in the historic center . They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1672"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec_m",
              "question": "When did France and Holland fight in the 17th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1672",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did France and the Dutch fight in the 17th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-890_m",
          "context": "The plague disease , caused by Yersinia pestis , is enzootic -LRB- commonly present -RRB- in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents , including marmots . Nestorian graves dating to 1338 . In October 2010 , medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China . Alexander , after the meeting with his officer , Coenus , and learning about the might of Nanda Empire , was convinced that it was better to return . In China , the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading . However , economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century . In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine , starting in 1331 , with a deadly plague arriving soon after . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kyrgyzstan",
            "northern",
            "western",
            "lake issyk kul",
            "constantinople",
            "central",
            "kurdistan",
            "india",
            "uganda",
            "china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572647935951b619008f6ecb_m",
              "question": "Where do scientists think all the plagues come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "China",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where do scientists think all of the plagues originated from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1109_m",
          "context": ". The network 's first logo , consisted of a television screen containing the letters `` T '' and `` V '' , with a vertical ABC microphone in the center , referencing the network 's roots in radio . As fans swarmed the field , Cub infielder Johnny Evers retrieved the ball and touched second . This process started very early , and one can find such examples in Ramon Llull 's work . , the network introduced a new logo based on the seal of the Federal Communications Commission , with the letters `` ABC '' enclosed in a circular shield surmounted by the bald eagle . In 1957 , just before the television network began its first color broadcasts , the ABC logo consisted of a tiny lowercase `` abc '' in the center of a large lowercase letter a , a design known as the `` ABC Circle A '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1946",
            "1957",
            "1943",
            "1953"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46_m",
              "question": "When did ABC adopt its iconic circular logo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 572
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did ABC adopt it's iconic circle logo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-772_m",
          "context": "Following the war and Stalin 's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan . Mandolin magazines included L'Estudiantina , Le Plectre , École de la mandolie . Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997 , the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy , which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam . , which required workforce consultation in businesses . , including labour and industry relations , equal opportunity , health and safety , public health , protection of children , the disabled and elderly , poverty , migrant workers , education , training and youth .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1994",
            "1997",
            "previously",
            "the 10 years",
            "1996",
            "social chapter the european union"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a5525951b619008f78de_m",
              "question": "When did Britain officially sign the social policy agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the UK formally subscribe to the Agreement on Social Policy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1174_m",
          "context": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory , allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe . Genghis Khan recalled Subutai back to Mongolia soon afterwards , and Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand . The famous cavalry expedition led by Subutai and Jebe , in which they encircled the entire Caspian Sea defeating all armies in their path , and word of the Mongol triumphs began to trickle to other nations , particularly Europe . Chopin 's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane , as did the number of his pupils , and this , together with the political strife and instability of the time , caused him to struggle financially . These two campaigns are generally regarded as reconnaissance campaigns that tried to get the feel of the political and cultural elements of the regions . In 1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia . These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire while destroying any resistance along the way . Later under Genghis Khan 's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1240",
            "1225",
            "this day",
            "1237"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272bcb5951b619008f8686_m",
              "question": "When did subhutai's army return to Mongolia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1225",
                  "answer_start": 861
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Subutai's army return to Mongolia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1495_m",
          "context": "The Sarah Jane Adventures , starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith , was developed by CBBC . , notable for -LRB- as noted above -RRB- featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart . The British backed down , but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons . Their top scorer once again was Lionel Messi , who scored 46 goals in the League , including two hat-tricks . . In 2010 , a further such appearance featured Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning reprising her role as Jo Grant . A final .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008",
            "2009",
            "2010",
            "autumn 2011",
            "new year's day 2007",
            "a second",
            "early 2011",
            "24 september 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282f204b864d190016468d_m",
              "question": "When did the 11th doctor in the Sarah Jane series show up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 463
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Eleventh Doctor appear in the Sarah Jane series?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-414_m",
          "context": "Luther's Commentary on Genesis contains a passage which concludes that \"the soul does not sleep (anima non sic dormit), but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions\". Francis Blackburne in 1765 argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther, while Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man \"in this life\" (homo enim in hac vita) tired from his daily labour (defatigus diurno labore) who at night enters his bedchamber (sub noctem intrat in cubiculum suum) and whose sleep is interrupted by dreams.",
          "c_entity": [
            "francis blackburne",
            "john jortin",
            "gottfried fritschel"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726_m",
              "question": "Who points out that the controversial passage actually involves a living person?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gottfried Fritschel",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who pointed out that the passage under dispute actually refers to a living man?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2040_m",
          "context": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo who noticed that certain assumptions of Aristotelian physics were contradicted by observations and logic. Galileo realized that simple velocity addition demands that the concept of an \"absolute rest frame\" did not exist. Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to rest. This was contrary to Aristotle's notion of a \"natural state\" of rest that objects with mass naturally approached. Simple experiments showed that Galileo's understanding of the equivalence of constant velocity and rest were correct. For example, if a mariner dropped a cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics would have the cannonball fall straight down while the ship moved beneath it. Thus, in an Aristotelian universe, the falling cannonball would land behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship. However, when this experiment is actually conducted, the cannonball always falls at the foot of the mast, as if the cannonball knows to travel with the ship despite being separated from it. Since there is no forward horizontal force being applied on the cannonball as it falls, the only conclusion left is that the cannonball continues to move with the same velocity as the boat as it falls. Thus, no force is required to keep the cannonball moving at the constant forward velocity.",
          "c_entity": [
            "aristotle",
            "galileo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9_m",
              "question": "Who first described dynamic balance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galileo",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first described dynamic equilibrium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1807_m",
          "context": "In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies. The Rhine bridge at Arnhem, immortalized in the book, A Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944. The bridges at Nijmegen, over the Waal distributary of the Rhine, were also an objective of Operation Market Garden. In a separate operation, the Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen, became famous, when U.S. forces were able to capture it intact – much to their own surprise – after the Germans failed to demolish it. This also became the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War.",
          "c_entity": [
            "present",
            "september 1944",
            "seven days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089_m",
              "question": "When is market garden action?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1944",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Operation Market Garden?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-186_m",
          "context": "In 1900 , Tesla was granted patents for a `` system of transmitting electrical energy '' and `` an electrical transmitter . '' , Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents , though there is little to support this claim . . , a Supreme Court of the United States decision restored the prior patents of Tesla , Oliver Lodge , and John Stone . The court declared that their decision had no bearing on Marconi 's claim as the first to achieve radio transmission , just that since Marconi 's claim to certain patents were questionable , he could not claim infringement on those same patents -LRB- there are claims the high court was trying to nullify a World War I claim against the U.S. government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring Tesla 's prior patent -RRB- . New Armies were organized , but the ambitious Hundred Days ' Reform of 1898 was turned back by Empress Dowager Cixi , a ruthless but capable leader .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the beginning of years",
            "1943",
            "1900",
            "supreme court of the united states",
            "1904",
            "1903",
            "1901"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla get the patent for the electronic transmitter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla attain his electrical transmitter patent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-380_m",
          "context": "In 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy , in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith . His main interest was centered on the prophecy of the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9 -- 12 , 23 -- 25 . Mayor Dennis Archer , a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice , refocused the city 's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown . Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important , a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere , under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay . The antichrist of 2 Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy . So too was the Little Horn of Daniel 7 , coming up among the divisions of Rome , explicitly applied .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1521"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a_m",
              "question": "When did Luther begin to preach the prophet's faith?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1521",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther start preaching Prophetic faith?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-358_m",
          "context": "On 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences. He enclosed in his letter a copy of his \"Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences\", which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses. Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church, but saw his disputation as a scholarly objection to church practices, and the tone of the writing is accordingly \"searching, rather than doctrinaire.\" Hillerbrand writes that there is nevertheless an undercurrent of challenge in several of the theses, particularly in Thesis 86, which asks: \"Why does the pope, whose wealth today is greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build the basilica of St. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "31 october 1517",
            "thesis 86"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e_m",
              "question": "When did Martin Luther protest the sale of relief to the bishop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 October 1517",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Martin Luther protest the sale of indulgences to his bishop?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-3_m",
          "context": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "von miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be4eafacb8001400a50302_m",
              "question": "Who is the Super Bowl 50 MVP?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Von Miller",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Super Bowl 50 MVP?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-5_m",
          "context": "In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\" and that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "roger goodell",
            "nfl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6edd00d65d21400198250_m",
              "question": "Who is the NFL Commissioner?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roger Goodell",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the commissioner of the NFL?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1668_m",
          "context": "According to Sheldon Ungar 's comparison with global warming , the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties . Along with four other scientists and various military personnel , von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb . The ozone case communicated to lay persons `` with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture '' and related to `` immediate risks with everyday relevance '' , while the public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger . The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts . , varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions remain an unsolved problem . In the UK . The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ipcc",
            "stern review",
            "house of lords committee",
            "sheldon ungar"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729506d6aef051400154cac_m",
              "question": "Who says people involved in ozone \"have a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainty\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sheldon Ungar",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who said people involved in the ozone situation had \"a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1691_m",
          "context": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced, but they're mostly those of land plants and green algae—glaucophytes, red algae, and other algal groups are extremely underrepresented, potentially introducing some bias in views of \"typical\" chloroplast DNA structure and content.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1962",
            "1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572968cf1d046914007793ce_m",
              "question": "When was the first plasma sequencing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1986",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the first plastome sequenced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-376_m",
          "context": "Over the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate. The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521, declaring Luther an outlaw, banning his literature, and requiring his arrest: \"We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic.\" It also made it a crime for anyone in Germany to give Luther food or shelter. It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence.",
          "c_entity": [
            "25 may 1521",
            "the next five days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a_m",
              "question": "When was the worm's decree issued?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 May 1521",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Edict of Worms presented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-173_m",
          "context": "In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a key event in the history of AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public. At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the \"Tesla Polyphase System\", Tesla demonstrated a series of electrical effects previously performed throughout America and Europe,:76 included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79 An observer noted:",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "chicago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce_m",
              "question": "Where was the Columbus World Exposition held in 1893?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-226_m",
          "context": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work . However , when he did engage in a social life , many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla . Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a `` distinguished sweetness , sincerity , modesty , refinement , generosity , and force . '' His loyal secretary , wrote : `` his genial smile and nobility of bearing always denoted the gentlemanly characteristics that were so ingrained in his soul . '' Tesla 's friend , wrote , `` seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a poet , a philosopher , an appreciator of fine music , a linguist , and a connoisseur of food and drink . '' Pascal Lissouba , who became Congo 's first elected president -LRB- 1992 -- 1997 -RRB- during the period of multi-party democracy , attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy . : 80 He opined that Nasser 's legacy was a `` guarantee of instability '' due to Nasser 's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule .",
          "c_entity": [
            "julian hawthorne",
            "robert underwood johnson",
            "dorothy skerrit",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f_m",
              "question": "Who says Tesla has \"sweet\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Underwood Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who said Tesla had a \"distinguished sweetness\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2053_m",
          "context": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These \"Maxwell Equations\" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves. This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields could be \"self-generating\" through a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum.",
          "c_entity": [
            "james clerk maxwell",
            "josiah willard gibbs",
            "oliver heaviside"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57378e311c456719005744af_m",
              "question": "Who first explained the origin of magnetic field and electric field in detail?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Clerk Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who first fully explained the origins of magnetic and electric fields?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-161_m",
          "context": "In January 1880 , two of Tesla 's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study . Unfortunately , he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University ; he never studied Greek , a required subject ; and he was illiterate in Czech , another required subject . Tesla did , however , attend lectures at the university , although , as an auditor , he did not receive grades for the courses . Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace .",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 1880"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla go to Prague?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1880",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla go to Prague?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1082_m",
          "context": "In August 1999 , ABC premiered a special series event , Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , a game show based on the British program of the same title . Hosted throughout its ABC tenure by Regis Philbin , which led ABC to renew Millionaire as a regular series . Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised , that he made a parody of it , where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time , Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America ! At its peak . Buoyed by Millionaire , during the 1999 , ABC became the first network to move from third to first place in the ratings during a single television season . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 18, 2000",
            "three years in 2002",
            "a week",
            "nights",
            "august 1999",
            "september",
            "summer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273c195951b619008f8721_m",
              "question": "When was the first time ABC wanted to be a millionaire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1999",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did ABC first premiere Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-962_m",
          "context": "The city has a proud history of theatre . Stephen Kemble of the famous Kemble family successfully managed the original Theatre Royal . He brought members of his famous acting family such as Sarah Siddons and John Kemble out of London to Newcastle . Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory -LRB- present-day Manchuria -RRB- bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria , but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there , as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force . A year after winning the championship , on 30 July 1930 , Gamper committed suicide after a period of depression brought on by personal and financial problems . Stephen Kemble guided the theatre through many celebrated seasons . The original Theatre Royal in Newcastle was opened on 21 January 1788 and was located on Mosley Street . It was demolished to make way for Grey Street , where its replacement was built .",
          "c_entity": [
            "21 january 1788",
            "fifteen years",
            "1806",
            "1791"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267f695951b619008f74c0_m",
              "question": "When did the Newcastle theater open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1788",
                  "answer_start": 833
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the theater in Newcastle originally open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1512_m",
          "context": "The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational . , it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings . , and matched Marshall Field 's pledge of $ 100,000 . They were then granted passage back to Medina . Austrian Marshal Daun arrived too late to participate in the battle of Prague , but picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle . , who funded the construction of the gymnasium and assembly hall .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ryerson physical laboratory",
            "marshall field",
            "adolphus clay bartlett",
            "university of chicago",
            "silas b. cobb",
            "john d. rockefeller",
            "george c. walker",
            "martin a. ryerson",
            "american baptist education society",
            "charles l. hutchinson",
            "leon mandel",
            "cobb lecture hall",
            "hutchinson commons"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284142ff5b5019007da00a_m",
              "question": "Who donated property to the University of Chicago?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marshall Field",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who donated property to the University of Chicago?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1030_m",
          "context": "There are a set of beautiful inlaid doors , dated 1580 from Antwerp City Hall , attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries . , with especially fine marquetry and ormolu mounts . As of the 2013 -- 14 season , Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN , with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season . She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea 's mother to gain entrance to her chambers . , made from ebony inlaid with box , lime , holly , pear , walnut and mahogany woods as well as marble with gilded carvings . . , and Giò Ponti .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rococo augustus rex bureau cabinet",
            "le corbusier",
            "edward william godwin",
            "hans vredeman de vries",
            "m. fourdinois",
            "charles voysey",
            "otto wagner",
            "ray eames",
            "adolf loos",
            "marcel breuer",
            "ernest gimson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5_m",
              "question": "Who collects the doors of Antwerp town hall?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hans Vredeman de Vries",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To whom has the Antwerp City Hall doors in the V&A collection been attributed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1553_m",
          "context": "Juscelino Kubitschek , President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961 , ordered the construction of Brasília , fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise . Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan 's reign . . The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south . Kublai secured the northeast border in 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong as the ruler of Korea , making it a Mongol tributary state . Kublai was also threatened by domestic unrest . , the son-in-law of a powerful official , instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262 . After successfully suppressing the revolt , Kublai curbed the influence of the Han Chinese advisers in his court . He feared that his dependence on Chinese officials left him vulnerable to future revolts and defections to the Song .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kublai khan",
            "kaidu",
            "wonjong",
            "ogedei",
            "li tan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572867d72ca10214002da2fe_m",
              "question": "Who made Kublai Khan the ruler of North Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wonjong",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did Kublai make the ruler of Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-437_m",
          "context": "His poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments . His wife Katharina was overheard saying , `` Dear husband , you are too rude , '' and he responded , `` They are teaching me to be rude . '' . On 2 February 2000 , Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe , with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments , in Paris . While some critics , such as AllMusic 's Stephen Thomas Erlewine , have employed the term `` post-punk '' to denote `` a more adventurous and arty form of punk '' , others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any unifying style .",
          "c_entity": [
            "katharina",
            "justus jonas",
            "market church",
            "luther"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64_m",
              "question": "Who called Luther rude?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "His wife Katharina",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who scolded Luther about his rudeness?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-104_m",
          "context": "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. Through generations of assimilation and mixing with the native Frankish and Roman-Gaulish populations, their descendants would gradually merge with the Carolingian-based cultures of West Francia. The distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the first half of the 10th century",
            "and 11th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629_m",
              "question": "When did the Normans from Normandy come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10th and 11th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When were the Normans in Normandy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-698_m",
          "context": "Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud , however , Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all . It also became clear that Apollo would outgrow the Canaveral launch facilities in Florida . : LC-34 and LC-37 . But an even bigger facility would be needed for the mammoth rocket required for the manned lunar mission , so land acquisition was started in July 1961 for a Launch Operations Center -LRB- LOC -RRB- immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island . The design , development and construction of the center was conducted by Kurt H. Debus . Dowding had to rely on night fighters . . Construction began in November 1962 . , 1963 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kurt h. debus",
            "wernher von braun",
            "loc",
            "kennedy",
            "ib",
            "johnson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf_m",
              "question": "Who built the new center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kurt H. Debus",
                  "answer_start": 577
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who conducted the construction of the new center?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-131_m",
          "context": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch. They were major foreign participants in the Reconquista in Iberia. In 1018, Roger de Tosny travelled to the Iberian Peninsula to carve out a state for himself from Moorish lands, but failed. In 1064, during the War of Barbastro, William of Montreuil led the papal army and took a huge booty.",
          "c_entity": [
            "roger de tosny",
            "normans",
            "william of montreuil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3e414396321400ee26d9_m",
              "question": "Who was in charge of the papal army in the Barbados war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William of Montreuil",
                  "answer_start": 380
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the papal army in the War of Barbastro?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2050_m",
          "context": "It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation seemed not to fully explain. Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative.",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert einstein",
            "newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5737898f1c45671900574498_m",
              "question": "Who invented relativity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who came up with the theory of relativity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1574_m",
          "context": "Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century : Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe . , the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those institutions . For example , who had separate courts of justice . . Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War compared with native Chinese dynasties , as the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongols",
            "ministry of justice",
            "semuren",
            "yuan",
            "tang",
            "privy council"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f_m",
              "question": "Who has military control in the era of RMB?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Privy Council",
                  "answer_start": 613
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who had military control during the Yuan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1602_m",
          "context": "At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , the governors of British East Africa -LRB- as the Protectorate was generally known -RRB- and German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities . Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces , determined to tie down as many British resources as possible . Completely cut off from Germany , von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign , living off the land , capturing British supplies , and remaining undefeated . The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi . . Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy , Shuman 's vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
            "august 1914",
            "1918",
            "fourteen days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729024f1d04691400778f5f_m",
              "question": "When did the first world war break out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1914",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the outbreak of World War I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-770_m",
          "context": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the \"social partners\" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP, the European Centre of Public Enterprises. A toned down version was adopted as the Social Charter at the 1989 Strasbourg European Council. The Social Charter declares 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration of employment, health and safety at work, rights of disabled and elderly, the rights of workers, on vocational training and improvements of living conditions. The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces of legislation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1997",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0_m",
              "question": "When was the foundation of social discourse formed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1899_m",
          "context": "Shuman built the world 's first solar thermal power station in Maadi , Egypt , between 1912 and 1913 . , the Assyrian Empire , the Chinese Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the British Empire , and many other empires . Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire , and of other war-lords . Historically recognized Muslim empires number in the dozens . Sub-Saharan Africa has also featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era , for example the Ethiopian Empire , Asante Union , Lunda Empire . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "egypt",
            "oyo",
            "ottoman empire",
            "incan empire",
            "assyrian empire",
            "greece",
            "sub-saharan africa",
            "aztec",
            "roman",
            "japan",
            "americas",
            "lunda empire",
            "luba",
            "india",
            "mutapa empire",
            "persian empire",
            "korea",
            "mongol empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573092088ab72b1400f9c596_m",
              "question": "Where are assant and Lunda?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "The Asante and Lunda Empires were in which region?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-378_m",
          "context": "In this work , one of his most emphatic statements on faith , he argued that every good work designed to attract God 's favor is a sin . All humans are sinners by nature , he explained , and God 's grace -LRB- which can not be earned -RRB- alone can make them just . In 587 BC Nebuchadnezzar II , King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire , besieged Jerusalem , destroyed the First Temple , and deported the most prominent citizens of Judah . On 1 August 1521 , Luther wrote to Melanchthon on the same theme : `` Be a sinner , and let your sins be strong , but let your trust in Christ be stronger , and rejoice in Christ who is the victor over sin , death , and the world . We will commit sins while we are here , for this life is not a place where justice resides . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1 august 1521"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459_m",
              "question": "When did Luther Melanie Hong write about God's grace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1 August 1521",
                  "answer_start": 438
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther write to Melanchhon about God's grace?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-366_m",
          "context": "Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of God . This teaching by Luther was clearly expressed in his 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will . Luther based his position on predestination on St. Paul 's epistle to the Ephesians 2:8 -- 10 . , Luther wrote that Christians receive such righteousness entirely from outside themselves ; that righteousness not only comes from Christ but actually is the righteousness of Christ , imputed to Christians -LRB- rather than infused into them -RRB- through faith . Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24 , 1984 . `` That is why faith alone makes someone just and fulfills the law , '' he wrote . `` Faith is that which brings the Holy Spirit through the merits of Christ . '' The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field , despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home . Faith , for Luther , was a gift from God ; the experience of being justified by faith was `` as though I had been born again . '' His entry into Paradise , no less , was a discovery about `` the righteousness of God '' . He explained his concept of `` justification '' in the Smalcald Articles :",
          "c_entity": [
            "day",
            "1:17",
            "1525",
            "1524"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84_m",
              "question": "When did Luther report the will?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1525",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Luther publish On the Bondage of the Will?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1918_m",
          "context": ", and others , believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution . . However , creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements . Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship . The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War . With the beginning of the new era , in the late 1950s , the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda . In his speech on the UN conference in 1960 , he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism , stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders . Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist , critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires . Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states . It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control . . Moreover , the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government . Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR , considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nikita khrushchev",
            "joseph stalin",
            "lenin",
            "vasyl shakhrai",
            "mao zedong",
            "trotsky",
            "sultan galiev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8_m",
              "question": "Who was the leader of Russia in the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikita Khrushchev",
                  "answer_start": 666
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of Russia in the 1960's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-33_m",
          "context": "In the United States . -LSB- nb 8 -RSB- John 's situation began to deteriorate rapidly . , with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines . , including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360 -- an array of 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and `` bullet time '' effects . The British held back Saxon advance into the south-west for some time longer , but by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset . -LRB- An earlier version of EyeVision was last used in Super Bowl XXXV ; for Super Bowl 50 , the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "tracy wolfson",
            "phil simms",
            "cbs",
            "nfl",
            "jim nantz",
            "evan washburn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359_m",
              "question": "Who shared the deputy with Evan Washburn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tracy Wolfson",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who shared sideline duties with Evan Washburn?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-534_m",
          "context": "Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 \"villes de sûreté\" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Even before the Edict of Alès (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sûreté was no more.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "1598",
            "1629",
            "1622"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1_m",
              "question": "When did France besiege Montpellier?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1622",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "France laid siege to Montpellier in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1859_m",
          "context": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jamaat-e-islami",
            "sayyid abul ala maududi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300137b2c2fd1400568717_m",
              "question": "Who were the early important figures in the Islamic prosperity in India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was an important early figure in the Islamic revival in India?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1464_m",
          "context": "\"Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006. The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror were animated by animation company Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish, and became available for purchase in May 2013 through Amazon.com. Subsequent animations made in 2013 include The Tenth Planet, The Ice Warriors and The Moonbase.",
          "c_entity": [
            "amazon.com",
            "bbc",
            "cosgrove hall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572805363acd2414000df26d_m",
              "question": "Who published the official who attack the doctor's reconstruction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the BBC",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who has released official reconstructions of Doctor Who episodes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-185_m",
          "context": "In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat—which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"—to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden. The crowd that witnessed the demonstration made outrageous claims about the workings of the boat, such as magic, telepathy, and being piloted by a trained monkey hidden inside. Tesla tried to sell his idea to the U.S. military as a type of radio-controlled torpedo, but they showed little interest. Remote radio control remained a novelty until World War I and afterward, when a number of countries used it in military programs. Tesla took the opportunity to further demonstrate \"Teleautomatics\" in an address to a meeting of the Commercial Club in Chicago, while he was travelling to Colorado Springs, on 13 May 1899.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1898",
            "13 may 1899"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fb887aa994140058e869_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla demonstrate his remote control?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1898",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla give a demonstration of his remote control boat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1082_m",
          "context": "Originally the monument was to be the main dome of Diaz 's new senate hall , but when the revolution erupted only the dome of the senate hall and its supporting pillars were completed , this was subsequently seen as a symbol by many Mexicans that the Porfirian era was over once and for all and as such , it was turned into a monument to victory over Diaz . In August 1999 , ABC premiered a special series event , Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , a game show based on the British program of the same title . Hosted throughout its ABC tenure by Regis Philbin , the program became a major ratings success throughout its initial summer run , which led ABC to renew Millionaire as a regular series , returning on January 18 , 2000 . At its peak , the program aired as much as six nights a week . The simplest response to this is that , because Popper describes how theories attain , maintain and lose scientific status , individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge , and both of Hempel 's examples fall under this category . Buoyed by Millionaire , during the 1999 -- 2000 season , ABC became the first network to move from third to first place in the ratings during a single television season . Millionaire ended its run on the network 's primetime lineup after three years in 2002 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "meredith vieira",
            "abc",
            "regis philbin",
            "buena vista television"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273c195951b619008f8722_m",
              "question": "Who used to be the host and who wanted to be the ABC millionaire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Regis Philbin",
                  "answer_start": 543
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who originally hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire for ABC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-69_m",
          "context": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000. They also won the country’s championship in 1946, and won the cup twice as well. Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street, a ten-minute walk north from the Old Town. Polonia was relegated from the country's top flight in 2013 because of their disastrous financial situation. They are now playing in the 4th league (5th tier in Poland) -the bottom professional league in the National – Polish Football Association (PZPN) structure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "poland",
            "old town",
            "konwiktorska street"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35_m",
              "question": "Where is poloni's home?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "at Konwiktorska Street",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is Polonia's home venue located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1548_m",
          "context": "In 1271 , Kublai Khan imposed the name Great Yuan -LRB- Chinese : 大元 ; pinyin : Dà Yuán ; Wade -- Giles : Ta-Yüan -RRB- , establishing the Yuan dynasty . `` Dà Yuán '' -LRB- 大元 -RRB- is from the sentence `` 大哉乾元 '' -LRB- dà zai Qián Yuán / `` Great is Qián , the Primal '' -RRB- in the Commentaries on the Classic of Changes -LRB- I Ching -RRB- section regarding Qián -LRB- 乾 -RRB- . The counterpart in Mongolian language was Dai Ön Ulus , also rendered as Ikh Yuan Üls or Yekhe Yuan Ulus . Werner Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927 , predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum , or energy and time can be measured . In Mongolian , Dai Ön -LRB- Great Yuan -RRB- is often used in conjunction with the `` Yeke Mongghul Ulus '' -LRB- lit . `` Great Mongol State '' -RRB- , resulting in Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus -LRB- Mongolian script : -RRB- , meaning `` Great Yuan Great Mongol State '' . The Yuan dynasty is also known as the `` Mongol dynasty '' or `` Mongol Dynasty of China '' , similar to the names `` Manchu dynasty '' or `` Manchu Dynasty of China '' for the Qing dynasty . Furthermore , the Yuan is sometimes known as the `` Empire of the Great Khan '' or `` Khanate of the Great Khan '' , which particularly appeared on some Yuan maps , since Yuan emperors held the nominal title of Great Khan . Nevertheless , both terms can also refer to the khanate within the Mongol Empire directly ruled by Great Khans before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1271"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc_m",
              "question": "When did Khan establish Dayuan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1271",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Khan establish the Great Yuan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1772_m",
          "context": "The flow of cold , gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake . In the Makran strip of the Sindh and Balochistan provinces in southwestern Pakistan , these Bantu descendants are known as the Makrani . The cold water flows near the surface and at first does n't mix with the warmer . But then , at the so-called Rheinbrech . The flow reappears on the surface at the northern -LRB- German -RRB- shore of the lake . The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee . . In order to enlist Stalin 's support , Zhou and a Chinese delegation left for Moscow on 8 October , arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin 's home at the Black Sea . Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne -LRB- `` Rhine Gutter '' -RRB- and Seerhein . Depending on the water level .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake überlingen",
            "lindau",
            "mainau",
            "upper lake",
            "rhine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588_m",
              "question": "Where does cold and warm water meet warm water?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rheinbrech",
                  "answer_start": 330
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does the cold and warm water meet the warm water?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-48_m",
          "context": "After a punt from both teams , Carolina got on track with a 9-play , 73-yard scoring drive . , while Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run , cutting the score to 10 -- 7 with 11:28 left in the second quarter . Later on , but none of them attempted to make a tackle . A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860 . , and with no resistance around him . Despite Denver 's excellent field position , they could not get the ball into the end zone -- 7 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jordan norwood",
            "newton",
            "mcmanus",
            "broncos",
            "jonathan stewart",
            "brad nortman",
            "mario addison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0_m",
              "question": "Who made the Panthers score on their first touchdown?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Stewart",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who scored the Panthers first touchdown? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1065_m",
          "context": "In the fall of 1949 , ABC found itself in the position of an outsider , with less coverage than two of its competing networks , even though it was on par with them in some major cities and had a headstart over its third rival at the time , the DuMont Television Network . It continued under that name -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- until incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile in 1230 , after Ferdinand III became joint king of the two kingdoms . Before the freeze ended in 1952 , there were only 108 existing television stations in the United States ; a few major cities -LRB- such as Boston -RRB- had only two television stations , many other cities -LRB- such as Pittsburgh and St. Louis -RRB- had only one , and still many others -LRB- such as Denver and Portland -RRB- did not yet have any television service . The result was a strange period where television flourished in certain areas and network radio remained the main source of broadcast entertainment and news in others . To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cbs",
            "abc",
            "dumont television network",
            "nbc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2_m",
              "question": "Who was ABC's third-largest competitor in 1949?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DuMont Television Network",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was ABC's third major rival in 1949?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1464_m",
          "context": "\"Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006. The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror were animated by animation company Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish, and became available for purchase in May 2013 through Amazon.com. Subsequent animations made in 2013 include The Tenth Planet, The Ice Warriors and The Moonbase.",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2006",
            "1968",
            "may 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572805363acd2414000df271_m",
              "question": "When was the DVD released in the whose doctor series?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2006",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Doctor Who series released on DVD?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1627_m",
          "context": "Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana and the commercial viability was just discovered. Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels. Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa's largest economy, has no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill.",
          "c_entity": [
            "turkana",
            "africa",
            "kenya"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57291f153f37b31900478043_m",
              "question": "Where does Kenya have oil reserves?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in Turkana",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where does Kenya have deposits of oil?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1294_m",
          "context": "When the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957 , at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas , 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site knowing that they faced arrest . Karl Marx quipped that `` there they are , the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible '' . At a pre-arranged announced time , one at a time they stepped across the `` line '' and were immediately arrested . , and arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace , that afternoon . A well known civil rights attorney , Francis Heisler , had volunteered to defend the arrested persons , advising them to plead `` nolo contendere '' , as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty . The arrested persons were found `` guilty , '' nevertheless , and given suspended sentences , conditional on their not reentering the test site grounds . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "nevada",
            "camp mercury",
            "tonopah",
            "las vegas",
            "nye county"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa_m",
              "question": "Where is the famous protest in Las Vegas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where in Las Vegas did a famous protest take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-145_m",
          "context": ", which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery . It was commissioned by Odo , the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent . After Jesus ' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died .",
          "c_entity": [
            "danish vikings",
            "kent",
            "norman",
            "odo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4c324396321400ee27ad_m",
              "question": "Who ordered the tapestry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Odo",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned the Tapestry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1579_m",
          "context": "Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations to a single equation with only one unknown. His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303. The opening pages contain a diagram of Pascal's triangle. The summation of a finite arithmetic series is also covered in the book.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1249",
            "1314",
            "1303"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728804b4b864d1900164a47_m",
              "question": "When did Zhu Shijie die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1314",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Zhu Shijie die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1663_m",
          "context": ", including the three highlighted in the 2001 Third Assessment Report -LRB- TAR -RRB- ; Mann . Van Praag writes that this conquest `` marked the end of independent China , '' which was then incorporated into the Yuan dynasty that ruled China , Tibet , Mongolia , Korea , parts of Siberia and Upper Burma . In addition . . Most reconstructions shared some data series , particularly tree ring data , but newer reconstructions used additional data and covered a wider area , using a variety of statistical methods . The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data . The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors , for instance , embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998",
            "crowley & lowery 2000",
            "1,000 years",
            "1999",
            "2001",
            "2007",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572944e03f37b319004781e2_m",
              "question": "When was the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the IPCC Third Assessment Report published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-40_m",
          "context": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America , with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer . The most notable fraud conviction was that of Gordon Foxley , head of defence procurement at the Ministry of Defence from 1981 to 1984 . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james lofton",
            "kevin harlan",
            "dan fouts",
            "mark malone",
            "boomer esiason",
            "jim gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5_m",
              "question": "Who are the players of the game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Harlan",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the play-by-play announcer for the game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1559_m",
          "context": "Kublai 's government faced financial difficulties after 1279 . Wars and construction projects had drained the Mongol treasury . Efforts to raise and collect tax revenues were plagued by corruption and political scandals . Mishandled military expeditions followed the financial problems . . Kublai botched his campaigns against Annam , Champa , and Java , but won a Pyrrhic victory against Burma . These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri , 1716 -- 1721 , who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture , language and Buddhism , and various Capuchins in 1707 -- 1711 , 1716 -- 1733 and 1741 -- 1745 , Christianity was used by some Tibetan monarchs and their courts and the Karmapa sect lamas to counterbalance the influence of the Gelugpa sect in the 17th century until in 1745 when all the missionaries were expelled at the lama 's insistence . The expeditions were hampered by disease , an inhospitable climate , and a tropical terrain unsuitable for the mounted warfare of the Mongols . . In the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army , developed the iron mines , and issued decrees on modern agricultural methods . The Chinese region of Fujian was the original home of the Chinese Tran -LRB- Chen -RRB- clan before they migrated under Trần Kinh -LRB- 陳京 , Chén Jīng -RRB- to Dai Viet and whose descendants established the Trần dynasty which ruled Vietnam Đại Việt . Professor Liam Kelley noted that people from Song dynasty China like Zhao Zhong and Xu Zongdao fled to Tran dynasty ruled Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion . The Tran dynasty originated from the Fujian region of China as did the Daoist cleric Xu Zongdao who recorded the Mongol invasion and referred to them as `` Northern bandits '' . Annam , Burma , and Champa recognized Mongol hegemony and established tributary relations with the Yuan dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1288",
            "1279",
            "1281",
            "1282"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286dfa2ca10214002da332_m",
              "question": "When did Kublai Khan's government run out of money?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "after 1279",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Kublai's administration running out of money?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-49_m",
          "context": "The proposals were dubbed `` The Volcker Rule '' , in recognition of Paul Volcker , who has publicly argued for the proposed changes . . However . The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt . After a Denver punt . But with 11 seconds left , Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half .",
          "c_entity": [
            "panthers",
            "carolina",
            "broncos",
            "newton",
            "kony ealy",
            "mike tolbert",
            "demarcus ware",
            "danny trevathan",
            "darian stewart"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449_m",
              "question": "Who fired Newton at the end of half-time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DeMarcus Ware",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who sacked Cam Newton at the end of the half?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1116_m",
          "context": "Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994 . Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists . September 1994 saw the debut of NYPD Blue , M.D. and the critically pilloried Cop Rock for ABC earlier in the decade -RRB- ; lasting ten seasons , the drama became known for its boundary pushing of network television standards -LRB- particularly its occasional use of graphic language and rear nudity -RRB- , which led some affiliates to initially refuse to air the show in its first season .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert iger",
            "abc",
            "doogie howser",
            "daniel burke",
            "thomas murphy",
            "steven bochco"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57275bfb708984140094dc97_m",
              "question": "Who resigned as president of capital city / ABC in 1994?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Burke",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who departed as president of Capital Cities/ABC in 1994?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-37_m",
          "context": ", a record high price for a Super Bowl ad . Yang Min , a computer scientist at Fudan University , also stated that `` the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft , allowing them control of the users ' data , and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security . '' As of January 26 , the advertisements had not yet sold out . , meaning that for the first time , digital streams of the game would carry all national advertising in pattern with the television broadcast . . It was also the final year that Doritos , a longtime sponsor of the game , held its `` Crash the Super Bowl '' contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game . Nintendo and The Pokémon Company also made their Super Bowl debut , promoting the 20th anniversary of the Pokémon video game and media franchise .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anheuser-busch",
            "cbs",
            "pokémon company",
            "nintendo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d721af0d65d2140019839e_m",
              "question": "Who made their business debut at Nintendo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Pokémon Company",
                  "answer_start": 767
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who made their Super Bowl commercial debut with Nintendo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-13_m",
          "context": "Following their loss in the divisional round of the previous season 's playoffs . , but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line , due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer , as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season . Although the team had a 7 -- 0 start . In week 10 . , who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season . , however -- 7 against the 4 -- 20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed . Under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips , passing yards allowed and sacks , and like the previous three seasons , the team has continued to set numerous individual , league and franchise records . The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises , and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently . With the defense carrying the team despite the issues with the offense -- 4 record and earned home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs . Similarly , Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian , observing the back story established by Fleming .",
          "c_entity": [
            "san diego chargers",
            "wade phillips",
            "john fox",
            "gary kubiak",
            "brock osweiler",
            "indianapolis colts",
            "nfl",
            "denver broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc_m",
              "question": "Who was the Mustang defense coordinator in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wade Phillips",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the defensive coordinator for the Broncos in 2015?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1522_m",
          "context": ", four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools . Joseph Takahashi discovered the first mammalian circadian clock mutation -LRB- clockΔ19 -RRB- using mice in 1994 . The university also contains a library system , and holds ties with a number of independent academic institutions . The university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of chicago laboratory schools",
            "fermilab",
            "argonne national laboratory",
            "university of chicago press",
            "higher learning commission",
            "marine biological laboratory",
            "university of chicago medical center"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728510f4b864d1900164936_m",
              "question": "Who certifies the university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Higher Learning Commission",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the university accredited by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1515_m",
          "context": "In the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood. In response, the university became a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan. During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program that allowed very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1950s",
            "second year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8_m",
              "question": "When did the university first see the decline in applications?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950s",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year did the university first see a drop in applications?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1919_m",
          "context": "The First British Empire was based on mercantilism , and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America , the Caribbean , and India . . Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory . Britain made compensating gains in India , Australia . , Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world . After losing its first Empire to the Americans , Britain then turned its attention towards Asia , Africa , and the Pacific . Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815 . . To this end , the physician Zhang Zhongjing -LRB- c. 150 -- c. 219 AD -RRB- prescribed regulated diets rich in certain foods that were thought to cure specific illnesses .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about 1820",
            "the 20th century",
            "1815",
            "the 1840s",
            "a century",
            "1776"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b541396df919000962c6_m",
              "question": "When did Napoleon fail?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 602
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the defeat of Napoleonic France?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-288_m",
          "context": "In 1967 , Manuel Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result , the so-called , speed-up theorem . The Abbot of Monte Cassino , Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church . , working independently , proved that there exist practically relevant problems that are NP-complete . In his later years , Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein , when both were officers during World War I . In 1972 , `` Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems '' , in which he showed that 21 diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems , each infamous for its computational intractability , are NP-complete .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard karp",
            "stephen cook",
            "leonid levin",
            "manuel blum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a_m",
              "question": "Who is responsible for axiomatic complexity theory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manuel Blum",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for axiomatic complexity theory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-233_m",
          "context": "In 1926, Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality, and indicated that humanity's future would be run by \"Queen Bees.\" He believed that women would become the dominant sex in the future.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the future",
            "1926"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1239acd28a01900c67642_m",
              "question": "When did he talk about his sex life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1926",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did he talk about his thoughts on gender?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-680_m",
          "context": "Although lacking historical connections to the Middle East , Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil . . In the 1940s , new interpretations of John 's reign began to emerge , based on research into the record evidence of his reign , such as pipe rolls , charters , court documents and similar primary records . Scholars such as Ronald Dworkin have asserted that no college applicant has a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities . , the Saudi and Kuwaiti governments declared Japan a `` nonfriendly '' country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy . It received a 5 % production cut in December , causing a panic . , advocating Palestinian self-determination , and threatening to reconsider its policy toward Israel if Israel refused to accept these preconditions '' . By December 25 , Japan was considered an Arab-friendly state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 25",
            "november 22",
            "1967",
            "1970",
            "november 7, 1973"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265360dd62a815002e819e_m",
              "question": "When was Japan admitted as an Arab friendly country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 25",
                  "answer_start": 878
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was Japan accepted as an Arab-friendly state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-950_m",
          "context": ". Then in 1984 they renewed their romance , and in November 1985 , they married , already having had a son , Max Samuel . The Grainger Market itself , was opened in 1835 and was Newcastle 's first indoor market . . , and the Laing Art Gallery has a painting of this event . . Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God ; the virgin birth ; miracles ; atonement for sins through the death , burial , and bodily resurrection of Jesus ; the Trinity ; the need for salvation -LRB- through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God , his death and resurrection , and confession of Christ as Lord -RRB- ; grace ; the Kingdom of God ; last things -LRB- eschatology -RRB- -LRB- Jesus Christ will return personally and visibly in glory to the earth , the dead will be raised , and Christ will judge everyone in righteousness -RRB- ; and evangelism and missions . The Grainger Market architecture , like most in Grainger Town , which are either grade I or II listed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "time",
            "1954",
            "1835",
            "1808",
            "1901"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572671e55951b619008f72d8_m",
              "question": "When does Newcastle open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1835",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Newcastle's first indoor market open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1434_m",
          "context": "The Everton manager to win most domestic and international trophies is Howard Kendall , who won two Division One championships , the 1984 FA Cup , the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , and three Charity Shields . Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis , which states that with economic development , inequality first increases , then decreases . Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion , claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and `` violent economic and political shocks '' reduced inequality . Moreover , Piketty argues that the `` magical '' Kuznets curve hypothesis , with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run , can not account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas piketty"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a13841d0469140077973d_m",
              "question": "Who questions the concept of Kuznets curve hypothesis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Piketty",
                  "answer_start": 423
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who challenges the notion of the Kuznets curve hypothesis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-80_m",
          "context": ". , which included Warsaw . Germany did so , with Warsaw the capital . In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920 , the huge Battle of Warsaw was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city in which the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated . Beyoncé 's third fragrance , Pulse , was launched in September 2011 . Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the `` export of the revolution '' . Massalia was also the local hegemon , controlling various coastal Greek cities like Nice and Agde .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1920",
            "4 august 1915",
            "1914",
            "11 november",
            "november 1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332b66d058e614000b575b_m",
              "question": "When was the Polish Bolshevik war started?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1920",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Polish-Bolshevik war fought?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-512_m",
          "context": "Prior to European settlement , the area now constituting Victoria was inhabited by a large number of Aboriginal peoples , collectively known as the Koori . , Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales . , an administrative division of New South Wales . Victoria was officially created a separate colony in 1851 , and achieved self-government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the Federation of Australia in 1901 . . The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead , a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport , where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires .",
          "c_entity": [
            "canberra",
            "bay",
            "great britain",
            "port phillip district",
            "new south wales",
            "sullivan",
            "australasia",
            "melbourne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9_m",
              "question": "Where will Victoria go to Australia first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New South Wales",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Victoria first set to be located in Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2039_m",
          "context": "A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances. For example, an object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight. Using such tools, some quantitative force laws were discovered: that the force of gravity is proportional to volume for objects of constant density (widely exploited for millennia to define standard weights); Archimedes' principle for buoyancy; Archimedes' analysis of the lever; Boyle's law for gas pressure; and Hooke's law for springs. These were all formulated and experimentally verified before Isaac Newton expounded his Three Laws of Motion.",
          "c_entity": [
            "boyle",
            "isaac newton",
            "hooke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3_m",
              "question": "Who explained the three laws of motion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Newton",
                  "answer_start": 757
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who expounded the Three Laws of Motion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-7_m",
          "context": ", that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi 's Stadium . , with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 . , held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford , California , won by the home team 49ers . Burke contrasted Rousseau 's theory of universal benevolence and his having sent his children to a foundling hospital : `` a lover of his kind , but a hater of his kindred '' . The Miami bid depended on whether the stadium underwent renovations . However , the Florida legislature refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations , dealing a significant blow to Miami 's chances .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "october 16, 2012",
            "previously",
            "may 3, 2013",
            "2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be54bdacb8001400a50325_m",
              "question": "When was the last Super Bowl in South Florida / Miami?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in the South Florida/Miami area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-112_m",
          "context": "Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to `` turn up and put a point of view '' , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful . . The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846 , primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo . . He promptly awarded their elected leader , William Iron Arm . , as `` dux et magister Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae '' -LRB- `` Duke and Master of Italy and Count of the Normans of all Apulia and Calabria '' -RRB- in 1047 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry iii",
            "hauteville",
            "drogo",
            "guaimar iv",
            "aversa",
            "rainulf drengot",
            "melfi",
            "duke sergius iv",
            "salerno",
            "norman",
            "william iron arm"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596_m",
              "question": "Who is Earl melfield",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Iron Arm",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Count of Melfi"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1601_m",
          "context": "Throughout the centuries , the Kenyan Coast has played host to many merchants and explorers . . . . In 1414 , the Chinese trader and explorer Zheng He representing the Ming Dynasty visited the East African coast on one of his last ` treasure voyages ' . Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain 's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mombasa",
            "great lakes",
            "malindi",
            "coast"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5_m",
              "question": "Where are many traders and researchers going?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Kenyan Coast",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where do many merchants and explorers go?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1993_m",
          "context": "In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country . -LRB- also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom -LRB- ファミコン , Famikon ? -RRB- The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory , and construct a fort for their protection . But , as the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania , both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims . John 's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system , as well as providing an additional source of revenue . , acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company , explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown . , through their `` Half-King '' Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative , agreed to terms that included permission to build a `` strong house '' at the mouth of the Monongahela River -LRB- the site of present-day Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania -RRB- . , the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley , and kept it as hunting ground by right of conquest .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late 17th century",
            "1749",
            "1750",
            "1752"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e5a14776f4190066145b_m",
              "question": "When did the British government provide land for the development of Ohio?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1749",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did British government give land for development of Ohio Country?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2041_m",
          "context": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction . From childhood , Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya ; his nation was occupied by Italy , and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops . In such a situation , a force is applied in the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force . On 22 May 2015 , Sun reporter Anthony France was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office between 2008 and 2011 . This results in zero net force , but since the object started with a non-zero velocity , it continues to move with a non-zero velocity . Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force . However , when kinetic friction is taken into consideration it is clear that there is no net force causing constant velocity motion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "aristotle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6_m",
              "question": "Who would have thought that the applied force would move the object, regardless of zero speed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aristotle",
                  "answer_start": 764
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who thought that applied force caused movement of an object regardless of non-zero velocity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-530_m",
          "context": "Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate , Kent , England , in 1861 . Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria , particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism . Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station , which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub , and stop at Back Bay . Most of these events are centred on Melbourne , but others occur in regional cities , Queenscliff Music Festival , Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival .",
          "c_entity": [
            "victoria",
            "warrnambool",
            "geelong",
            "phillip island",
            "melbourne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd_m",
              "question": "Where are most of Victoria's tourist attractions concentrated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Melbourne",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "On where are most tourist attractions focused in Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-183_m",
          "context": "On 11 July 1934, the New York Herald Tribune published an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes; a minute particle would break off the cathode, pass out of the tube, and physically strike him. \"Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out.\" In comparing these particles with the bits of metal projected by his \"electric gun,\" Tesla said, \"The particles in the beam of force ... will travel much faster than such particles ... and they will travel in concentrations.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "a minute",
            "11 july 1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859_m",
              "question": "When did the Herald Tribune publish Tesla's article?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Herald Tribune publish its Tesla article?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1871_m",
          "context": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were \"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies. Its views were outlined in a pamphlet written by Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag, in which he states:",
          "c_entity": [
            "anwar sadat",
            "muhammad abd al-salaam farag",
            "islamic jihad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d_m",
              "question": "Who wrote a pamphlet about extremist radical ideas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag",
                  "answer_start": 486
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the radical ideas of the extremists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1090_m",
          "context": "French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties . In July 1968 , which was spearheaded by Allen Shaw . The new concept called `` LOVE Radio '' , which featured a limited selection of music genres ; the concept replaced nearly all of the programming provided by these stations ; however , several affiliates -LRB- such as KXYZ -RRB- retained the majority of their content . In August 1970 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "abc radio",
            "allen shaw",
            "abc fm",
            "harold l. neal",
            "wcfl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572742daf1498d1400e8f550_m",
              "question": "Who was in charge of the 1968 ABC FM transmitter special?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Allen Shaw",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who lead the 1968 special programming for ABC Radio's FM stations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1427_m",
          "context": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality, and inequality of consumption is less extreme than inequality of income in the US. Will Wilkinson of the libertarian Cato Institute states that \"the weight of the evidence shows that the run-up in consumption inequality has been considerably less dramatic than the rise in income inequality,\" and consumption is more important than income. According to Johnson, Smeeding, and Tory, consumption inequality was actually lower in 2001 than it was in 1986. The debate is summarized in \"The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall. Other studies have not found consumption inequality less dramatic than household income inequality, and the CBO's study found consumption data not \"adequately\" capturing \"consumption by high-income households\" as it does their income, though it did agree that household consumption numbers show more equal distribution than household income.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1986",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a0c541d046914007796f5_m",
              "question": "When did the difference in consumption decrease compared with 1986?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 583
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was consumption inequality lower than it had been in 1986?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1871_m",
          "context": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981 . Years later , Kaunitz kept trying to establish France 's alliance with Austria . Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were `` apostate '' leaders of Muslim states , leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies . Its views were outlined in a pamphlet written by Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag , in which he states :",
          "c_entity": [
            "1981"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a_m",
              "question": "When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinate Anwar Sadat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinate Anwar Sadat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-368_m",
          "context": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517 forwarded them to Rome. He needed the revenue from the indulgences to pay off a papal dispensation for his tenure of more than one bishopric. As Luther later noted, \"the pope had a finger in the pie as well, because one half was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "st peter's church",
            "luther",
            "albrecht"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95_m",
              "question": "Who did Luther send his 95 papers to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Archbishop Albrecht",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "To whom did Luther send a letter containing his 95 Theses?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-984_m",
          "context": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474, the Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby Pugin and the Coptic Cathedral located in Fenham. All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850 and St Nicholas' in 1882. Another prominent church in the city centre is the Church of St Thomas the Martyr which is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish and which is not a peculiar.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1850",
            "1474",
            "1882"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572699b55951b619008f7790_m",
              "question": "When was the building built in Saint Nicholas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1474",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was St. Nicholas' lantern tower made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-750_m",
          "context": "Following the Nice Treaty , there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent ; this would have also produced a single constitutional document . On April 2 , 2014 , Microsoft ultimately announced that it would be removing license fees entirely for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches , and officially confirmed the rumored `` Windows 8.1 with Bing '' OEM SKU on May 23 , 2014 . However , as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands , the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force . Instead , the Lisbon Treaty was enacted . These events showed that the people of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union did not support Gorbachev 's drive to modernize Communism ; rather , they preferred to abandon it altogether . Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty , but it was formally an amending treaty , and -- though it significantly altered the existing treaties -- it did not completely replace them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264865dd62a815002e8062_m",
              "question": "When are you trying to reform EU law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Following the Nice Treaty",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was there an attempt to reform the law of the EU?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1213_m",
          "context": "In the U.S. federal health care system -LRB- including the VA , the Indian Health Service , and NIH -RRB- ambulatory care pharmacists are given full independent prescribing authority . In some states such North Carolina and New Mexico these pharmacist clinicians are given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority . Yoshihiro was feared as Oni-Shimazu -LRB- `` Shimazu ogre '' -RRB- and his nickname spread across not only Korea but to Ming Dynasty China . In 2011 the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approved ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification . The official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam will be Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP . On May 20 , 2013 , far southwest Oklahoma City , along with Newcastle and Moore , was hit again by a EF5 tornado ; it was 0.5 to 1.3 miles -LRB- 0.80 to 2.09 km -RRB- wide and killed 23 people .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc_m",
              "question": "When is the outpatient pharmacy approved as its own certification?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 471
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was ambulatory care pharmacy approved as its own certification?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-52_m",
          "context": "With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line. Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it, Newton did not and his lack of aggression later earned him heavy criticism. Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs. Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler for a 2-point conversion, giving Denver a 24–10 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away. Carolina had two more drives, but failed to get a first down on each one.",
          "c_entity": [
            "4:51",
            "3:08"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832_m",
              "question": "When did Carolina bring the ball to the 24 yard line in the fourth quarter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "4:51",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What was the time on the clock when Carolina got the ball to their 24-yard line in the fourth quarter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-990_m",
          "context": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London, is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in an area that has become known as \"Albertopolis\" because of its association with Prince Albert, the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated. These include the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum and the Royal Albert Hall. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Like other national British museums, entrance to the museum has been free since 2001.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1852",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572680ac708984140094c83e_m",
              "question": "When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1852",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-671_m",
          "context": "In the United States , scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties prior to 1973 . The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR was of more concern to the US than oil . Further , interest groups and government agencies more worried about energy were no match for Kissinger 's dominance . In the US production , distribution and price disruptions `` have been held responsible for recessions , periods of excessive inflation , reduced productivity , and lower economic growth . '' Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews , also designed by Nash , where the royal carriages , including the Gold State Coach , are housed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kissinger"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac_m",
              "question": "Who can not be compared with the interest groups and government agencies dealing with energy issues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kissinger",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Interest groups and government agencies that were concerned with energy were no match for who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-499_m",
          "context": "In the autumn of 1991 , from the 1992 season . Bertram Lenox Simpson , a colonial officer killed eventually in China , uses the terms together in his 1910 book , The Conflict of Color , as `` the Near and Middle East . '' ITV were the current rights holders , and fought hard to retain the new rights . . . The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches , would give them a monopoly of all live matches , up to 60 per year from the 1992 season . , providing a strong customer base . A few weeks after the deal . . Collins ' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism , by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign . A few days later neither action took effect , ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £ 262m bid .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bskyb",
            "itv",
            "rupert murdoch",
            "premier league",
            "bbc",
            "office of fair trading",
            "the autumn of 1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096e1ced30961900e84105_m",
              "question": "Who are the highlights of most games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BBC",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was given the highlights of most of the matches?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-998_m",
          "context": "An ambitious scheme of decoration was developed for these new areas : a series of mosaic figures depicting famous European artists of the Medieval and Renaissance period . These have now been removed to other areas of the museum . : Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878 -- 1880 and Industrial Arts Applied to Peace , which was started but never finished . To the east of this were additional galleries , the decoration of which was the work of another designer Owen Jones , these were the Oriental Courts -LRB- covering India , China and Japan -RRB- completed in 1863 , none of this decoration survives , part of these galleries became the new galleries covering the 19th century , opened in December 2006 . , this includes the refreshment rooms , with the silver gallery above , -LRB- at the time the ceramics gallery -RRB- , the top floor has a splendid lecture theatre although this is seldom open to the general public . . All the work on the north range was designed and built in 1864 -- 69 . General Dong Zhuo -LRB- d. 192 AD -RRB- found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside . The style adopted for this part of the museum was Italian Renaissance , much use was made of terracotta , brick and mosaic ; thus representing the range of the museums collections . The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing , who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper , On Computable Numbers . This building replaced Brompton Park House , which could then be demolished to make way for the south range .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james gamble & reuben townroe",
            "percival ball",
            "fowke",
            "humphry davy",
            "leighton",
            "michelangelo",
            "isaac newton",
            "owen jones",
            "bramante",
            "james watt",
            "museum café",
            "titian",
            "f. w. moody",
            "godfrey sykes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269c06708984140094cba1_m",
              "question": "Who is the designer of Oriental cuisine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oriental Courts",
                  "answer_start": 491
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the designer of the Oriental Courts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1015_m",
          "context": "Bush relied on that resolution in ordering the 2003 invasion of Iraq . One of the great treasures in the library is the Codex Forster , some of Leonardo da Vinci 's note books . The Codex consists of three parchment-bound manuscripts , Forster I , Forster II , and Forster III , quite small in size . Their contents include a large collection of sketches and references to the equestrian sculpture commissioned by the Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza to commemorate his father Francesco Sforza . . The Reverend Alexander Dyce was another benefactor of the library , leaving over 14,000 books to the museum in 1869 . Amongst the books he collected are early editions in Greek and Latin of the poets and playwrights Aeschylus , Aristotle , Homer , Livy , Ovid , Pindar , Sophocles and Virgil . More recent authors include Giovanni Boccaccio , Dante , Racine , Rabelais and Molière .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1490",
            "1869",
            "1505",
            "1876"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c9a4708984140094d172_m",
              "question": "When did Alexander day leave his books in the museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1869",
                  "answer_start": 606
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In which year did Alexander Dyce bequeathed his books to the museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-874_m",
          "context": "ARPANET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969. Before the introduction of X.25 in 1973, about twenty different network technologies had been developed. Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core. In the datagram system, the hosts have the responsibility to ensure orderly delivery of packets. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is an example of a datagram protocol. In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host. This results in a simpler host interface with less functionality than in the datagram model. The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1969",
            "1973"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b_m",
              "question": "When will ARPNET and Sita start",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1969",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "WHen did ARPNET and SITA become operational"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1157_m",
          "context": "As Jamukha and Temüjin drifted apart in their friendship, each began consolidating power, and soon became rivals. Jamukha supported the traditional Mongolian aristocracy, while Temüjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers. Due to his earlier defeat of the Merkits, and a proclamation by the shaman Kokochu that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin, Temüjin began rising to power. In 1186, Temüjin was elected khan of the Mongols. However, Jamukha, threatened by Temüjin's rapid ascent, quickly moved to stop Temüjin's ambitions. In 1187, he launched an attack against his former friend with an army of thirty thousand troops. Temüjin hastily gathered together his followers to defend against the attack, but he was decisively beaten in the Battle of Dalan Balzhut. Jamukha horrified people greatly and harmed his image by boiling seventy young male captives alive in cauldrons, alienating many of his potential followers and eliciting sympathy for Temüjin. Toghrul, as Temüjin's patron, was exiled to the Qara Khitai. The life of Temüjin for the next ten years is very unclear, as historical records are mostly silent on that period.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jamukha",
            "qara khitai",
            "temüjin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce_m",
              "question": "Where has togruhr, King's patron saint, been banished?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Qara Khitai",
                  "answer_start": 1084
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where was Temüjin's patron Toghrul exiled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-913_m",
          "context": "In the 1960s , a series of discoveries , the most important of which was seafloor spreading , showed that the Earth 's lithosphere , which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle , is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming , solid , upper mantle , which is called the asthenosphere . There is an intimate coupling between the movement of the plates on the surface and the convection of the mantle : oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents always move in the same direction , because the oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle . However the emperor permanently barred Li Ying and his associates from serving in office , marking the beginning of the Partisan Prohibitions . Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers . This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265d08708984140094c39b_m",
              "question": "When was the seabed discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "In what decade was seafloor spreading discovered? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1353_m",
          "context": "Heacock 's , a luxury department store , was considered as the best department store in the Orient . . It was initially called `` New College '' or `` the college at New Towne '' . In 1638 , the college became home for North America 's first known printing press , carried by the ship John of London . , the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard , who was an alumnus of the University of Cambridge . He had left the school £ 779 and his library of some 400 books . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1636",
            "1638",
            "1650",
            "1639"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4_m",
              "question": "When did the first printer in North America start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1638",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year was North America's first printing press started?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1513_m",
          "context": "The Sena dynasty would later assume control of the Pala Empire , and the Gurjara Pratiharas fragmented into various states . , the University of Chicago , fearful that its vast resources would injure smaller schools by drawing away good students , affiliated with several regional colleges and universities : Des Moines College , Kalamazoo College , Butler University , and Stetson University . In 1896 , the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll , Illinois . Under the terms of the affiliation , the schools were required to have courses of study comparable to those at the university , to notify the university early of any contemplated faculty appointments or dismissals , to make no faculty appointment without the university 's approval , and to send copies of examinations for suggestions . . A student or faculty member of an affiliated school was entitled to free tuition at the University of Chicago , and Chicago students were eligible to attend an affiliated school on the same terms and receive credit for their work . The earliest , colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty -LRB- 206 BCE - 220 CE -RRB- ; the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties -LRB- 420 - 589 CE -RRB- ; the third stratum of pronunciations -LRB- typically literary ones -RRB- comes from the Tang Dynasty -LRB- 618 -- 907 CE -RRB- and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang ` an -LRB- modern day Xi'an -RRB- , its capital . The University of Chicago also agreed to provide affiliated schools with books and scientific apparatus and supplies at cost ; special instructors and lecturers without cost except travel expenses ; and a copy of every book and journal published by the University of Chicago Press at no cost . The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice . Several University of Chicago professors disliked the program , as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part , and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university . .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1890s",
            "twelve weeks",
            "1896",
            "four years",
            "1910"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572843304b864d1900164849_m",
              "question": "When did the University team join Shimen college?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1896",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "What year did the university team up with Shimer College?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1859_m",
          "context": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jamaat-e-islami",
            "sayyid abul ala maududi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730005db2c2fd1400568703_m",
              "question": "Who are the important figures of India in the 20th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "-- 1 record , and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- . -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . Rousseau said that people join into civil society via the social contract to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom . According to Jacob Heilbrunn , a senior editor at The National Interest , such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany 's history . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe_m",
              "question": "Who was the most valuable player of the 2015 NFL season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cam Newton",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the Most Valuable Player for the 2015 NFL season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1035_m",
          "context": "The collection includes about 1130 British and 650 European oil paintings , 6800 British watercolours , pastels and 2000 miniatures , for which the museum holds the national collection . Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012 , however , that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades . The Soviet Union , which feared Western powers and the possibility of `` capitalist encirclements '' , had little faith either that war could be avoided , or faith in the Polish army , and wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain that would provide a guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany ; thus , Stalin 's adherence to the collective security line was purely conditional . Also on loan to the museum , from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II : the seven surviving -LRB- there were ten -RRB- full scale designs for tapestries in the Sistine Chapel . . One of the largest objects in the collection is the Spanish tempera on wood , 670 x 486 cm , c. 1400 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrés marzal de sax",
            "elizabeth ii",
            "pietro perugino",
            "paul",
            "gospels",
            "raphael cartoons",
            "perugia",
            "st george",
            "peter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf_m",
              "question": "Who lent Raphael cartel to the museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Queen Elizabeth II",
                  "answer_start": 833
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who has loaned the Raphael Cartoons to the museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1636_m",
          "context": "Kenya 's first system of education was introduced by British colonists . In 2008 , Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur . After Kenya 's independence on 12 December 1963 , an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation 's sovereignty . The commission focused on identity and unity . Changes in the subject content of history and geography were made to reflect national cohesion . , the 7 -- 4 -- 2 -- 3 system was adopted . All schools had a common curriculum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "1964",
            "time",
            "two years",
            "three years",
            "12 december 1963",
            "four years",
            "seven years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572925a81d046914007790ce_m",
              "question": "When did Kenya gain independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "12 December 1963",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Kenya gain independance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1141_m",
          "context": "Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected , and , on radio , listened to the coronation of the new pontiff . In June 1982 , Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £ 5 million from Boca Juniors . , and this was in large part due to the diverse range of programming that met the expectations of the public , such as westerns and detective series . Despite an almost 500 % increase in advertising revenues between 1953 and 1958 , the network only had a national reach of between 10 % and 18 % of the total U.S. population . In 1957 , under the revised title American Bandstand ; the show quickly became a social phenomenon by presenting new musical talent and dances to America 's youth and helped make a star out of its host , Dick Clark .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ollie treiz",
            "abc entertainment",
            "cbs",
            "nbc",
            "dick clark"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1_m",
              "question": "Who presided over the band's debut at ABC in 1957?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dick Clark",
                  "answer_start": 750
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who hosted the bandstand show debuted on ABC in 1957?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1519_m",
          "context": ", the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles . , which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway , including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle -LRB- a complex designed by Saarinen -RRB- ; a series of arts buildings ; a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university 's School of Social Service Administration ; , a building which is to become the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell Stone , and the Regenstein Library , the largest building on campus , a brutalist structure designed by Walter Netsch of the Chicago firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill . Following the presidential elections , fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi ; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003 . Another master plan , produced the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , a new children 's hospital , and other construction , expansions , and restorations . , the university completed the glass dome-shaped Joe and Rika Mansueto Library , which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003",
            "2009",
            "2004",
            "1955",
            "the 1940s",
            "a second",
            "1999",
            "2001",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284d484b864d1900164904_m",
              "question": "When was the Gerald Ratner sports center built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 838
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-105_m",
          "context": "The Norman dynasty had a major political , cultural and military impact on medieval Europe and even the Near East . The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety , becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy into which they assimilated . They adopted the Gallo-Romance language of the Frankish land they settled , their dialect becoming known as Norman , Normaund or Norman French , an important literary language . The Duchy of Normandy , which they formed by treaty with the French crown , was a great fief of medieval France . The Normans are noted both for their culture , such as their unique Romanesque architecture and musical traditions , and for their significant military accomplishments and innovations . The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek -LRB- 1907 -- 1986 -RRB- to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene . , and an expedition on behalf of their duke , William the Conqueror , led to the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 . Norman cultural and military influence spread from these new European centres to the Crusader states of the Near East , to Scotland and Wales in Great Britain , to Ireland , and to the coasts of north Africa and the Canary Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william the conqueror",
            "richard",
            "kingdom of sicily",
            "bohemond",
            "roger ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f_m",
              "question": "Who was the Duke of Hastings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William the Conqueror",
                  "answer_start": 968
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was the duke in the battle of Hastings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-545_m",
          "context": "In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel) and other spirits, who instead of being in Purgatory came back to harm the living at night. It was in this place in Tours that the prétendus réformés (\"these supposedly 'reformed'\") habitually gathered at night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms. Such explanations have been traced to the contemporary, Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560), who in De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly:",
          "c_entity": [
            "huguon",
            "huguet"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c_m",
              "question": "Who should follow the gate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the ghost of le roi Huguet",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who allegedly haunted the gate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-197_m",
          "context": "On his 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910–1911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100–5,000 hp.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1911",
            "1906",
            "1910"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10325cd28a01900c67437_m",
              "question": "When did Tesla first show the turbine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1906",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Tesla first show off the turbine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2_m",
          "context": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15 -- 1 record . Kerry would later state that `` the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the -LSB- Ohio -RSB- outcome reflected the will of the voters . '' They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49 -- 15 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995 . -- 4 record -- 18 in the AFC Championship Game . They joined the Patriots .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arizona cardinals",
            "panthers",
            "broncos",
            "new england patriots",
            "cam newton",
            "nfl",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "dallas cowboys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9_m",
              "question": "Who beat the Panthers in the NFC championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arizona Cardinals",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1584_m",
          "context": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most published works were still produced through traditional block printing techniques. The publication of a Taoist text inscribed with the name of Töregene Khatun, Ögedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols. In 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate, a government-sponsored printing office. The Yuan government established centers for printing throughout China. Local schools and government agencies were funded to support the publishing of books.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1273",
            "the 12th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572882242ca10214002da422_m",
              "question": "When was movable soil invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 12th century",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was earthenware movable type invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-169_m",
          "context": "In 1888 , Thomas Commerford Martin -LRB- a friend and publicist -RRB- , arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system , including his induction motor . In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah . . In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3 -- 0 lead into the 6th inning , and a 3 -- 2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe -LRB- who won the Cy Young Award that year -RRB- still on the mound . , rotating magnetic field-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris , but decided Tesla 's patent would probably control the market .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george westinghouse",
            "american institute of electrical engineers",
            "tesla",
            "electrical world",
            "westinghouse electric & manufacturing company",
            "thomas commerford martin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e057e1231d4119001ac047_m",
              "question": "Who arranged for Tesla to introduce his system to IEEE?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Commerford Martin",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his system at the IEEE?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1552_m",
          "context": "Möngke Khan commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China . . He died in 1259 without a successor . Shuman 's plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45 -- 52 kilowatts -LRB- 60 -- 70 hp -RRB- engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres -LRB- 4,800 imp gal ; 5,800 US gal -RRB- of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields . , Ariq Böke , was challenging his claim to the throne . Kublai convened a kurultai in Kaiping that elected him Great Khan . A rival kurultai in Mongolia proclaimed Ariq Böke Great Khan , beginning a civil war . Kublai depended on the cooperation of his Chinese subjects to ensure that his army received ample resources . He bolstered his popularity among his subjects by modeling his government on the bureaucracy of traditional Chinese dynasties and adopting the Chinese era name of Zhongtong . . This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus ; Cope & Stewardson 's original plan and its choice of building materials have , with few exceptions , guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day . All of the three western khanates -LRB- Golden Horde , Chagatai Khanate and Ilkhanate -RRB- became functionally autonomous , although only the Ilkhans truly recognized Kublai as Great Khan . Civil strife had permanently divided the Mongol Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1260",
            "1264",
            "1256",
            "1259"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572867212ca10214002da2f4_m",
              "question": "When did mengkehan die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1259",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Mongke Khan die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-541_m",
          "context": "By 1620 the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629. revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots respond by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "france",
            "nantes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57108073b654c5140001f926_m",
              "question": "Where did these riots take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "southwestern France",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where did these uprisings take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-19_m",
          "context": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john elway",
            "broncos",
            "peyton manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be_m",
              "question": "Who is the oldest quarterback ever in the super bowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Elway",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who previously held the record for being the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-27_m",
          "context": ". In addition , featuring games and activities that will highlight the Bay Area 's technology , culinary creations , and cultural diversity . More than 1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week . After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana , the region was once again divided into several local powers headed by chieftains , including some Rajput principalities . San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area `` they are going to have to leave '' . . Burke said Rousseau `` entertained no principle either to influence of his heart , or to guide his understanding -- but vanity '' -- which he `` was possessed to a degree little short of madness '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ed lee",
            "justin herman plaza",
            "nfl",
            "jane kim"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee_m",
              "question": "Who says homeless people have to walk around here?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mayor Ed Lee",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who said the homeless in the area would have to leave?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-953_m",
          "context": ", the Newgate Centre , Central Arcade and the traditional Grainger Market . Application of the term `` Indian '' originated with Christopher Columbus , who , in his search for Asia , thought that he had arrived in the East Indies . Outside the city centre . . Close to Newcastle , is located in Gateshead . The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue `` an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway '' as a starting point , where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eldon garden",
            "grainger street",
            "park",
            "grey",
            "europe",
            "newcastle",
            "gateshead",
            "metrocentre",
            "gosforth",
            "united kingdom",
            "kingston"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726769c708984140094c715_m",
              "question": "Where is the subway center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gateshead",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Where is the MetroCentre located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-17_m",
          "context": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock. Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.",
          "c_entity": [
            "broncos",
            "pittsburgh steelers",
            "manning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2_m",
              "question": "Who beat the Broncos in the division?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pittsburgh Steelers",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who did the Broncos beat in the divisional game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1872_m",
          "context": "Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mahgoub), dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over 100 Egyptian police. Ultimately the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful, and the major jihadi group, Jamaa Islamiya (or al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya), renounced violence in 2003. Other lesser known groups include the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra, and these groups have variously been involved in activities such as attempted assassinations of political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003",
            "the 1990s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730131c947a6a140053d055_m",
              "question": "When will JAMA give up violence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 2003",
                  "answer_start": 571
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-571_m",
          "context": "One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast.",
          "c_entity": [
            "saint nicolas",
            "us library of congress",
            "pierre bayle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e_m",
              "question": "Who is the patron saint of Huguenots?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saint Nicolas",
                  "answer_start": 696
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who is the patron saint of the Huguenots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1068_m",
          "context": "Walpole always denied that he was `` prime minister '' , and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution . In 1952 , when the release of the FCC 's Sixth Report and Order announced the end of its freeze on new station license applications , among the issues the Commission was slated to address was whether to approve the UPT-ABC merger . One FCC Commissioner saw the possibility of ABC , funded by UPT , becoming a viable and competitive third television network . , the FCC approved UPT 's purchase of ABC in exchange for $ 25 million in shares . The merged company , renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres , five television stations and 644 cinemas in 300 U.S. cities . , UPT sold its Chicago television station , WBKB-TV , to CBS -LRB- which subsequently changed the station 's call letters to WBBM-TV -RRB- for $ 6 million , while it kept ABC 's existing Chicago station , WENR-TV . The merged company acquired the WBKB call letters for channel 7 , which would eventually become WLS-TV . Goldenson began to sell some of the older theaters to help finance the new television network .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 9, 1953",
            "time",
            "six am",
            "1501",
            "1952"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ed12708984140094d645_m",
              "question": "When was the sixth FCC report and authorization issued?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1952",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When was the FCC's sixth report and order released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-155_m",
          "context": "In 1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekulić.:32 The classes were held in German, as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier. Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head, which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating. He finished a four-year term in three years, graduating in 1873.:33",
          "c_entity": [
            "martin",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7_m",
              "question": "Who is Tesla's most important influence on karowak?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Sekulić",
                  "answer_start": 134
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who was Tesla's main influence in Karlovac?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2007_m",
          "context": "Colonel Monckton , in the sole British success that year , captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755 , cutting the French fortress at Louisbourg off from land-based reinforcements . Also in the 16th century , scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci compared metabolism to a burning candle . Of these modern writers , Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated . . Monckton 's forces , forcibly removed thousands of Acadians , chasing down many who resisted , and sometimes committing atrocities . More than any other factor . The Acadian resistance , in concert with native allies , including the Mi ` kmaq , was sometimes quite stiff . Other than the campaigns to expel the Acadians -LRB- ranging around the Bay of Fundy , the only clashes of any size were at Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "monckton",
            "rogers' rangers",
            "charles lawrence",
            "john rivers",
            "dartmouth",
            "île saint-jean",
            "louisbourg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f_m",
              "question": "Who took boseyo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Colonel Monckton",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who captured Fort Beausejour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-444_m",
          "context": "Luther is honoured on 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints. In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
          "c_entity": [
            "31 october",
            "18 february"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d_m",
              "question": "When was the Lutheran Church celebrated on Lutheran calendar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 February",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When is Luther commemorated in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1917_m",
          "context": "Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night , studied with private tutors to a regular timetable , and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel , Dash . Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921 , however with an internationalist ideology : Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory . Beginning in 1923 , the policy of `` Indigenization '' -LSB- korenizatsiia -RSB- was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework . Never formally revoked , it stopped being implemented after 1932 . After World War II , the Soviet Union installed socialist regimes modeled on those it had installed in 1919 -- 20 in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe . Secretary of War Elihu Root -LRB- 1899 -- 1904 -RRB- led the modernization of the Army . The Soviet Union and the People 's Republic of China supported post -- World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests , but were not always successful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lenin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b255396df919000962b2_m",
              "question": "Who advocates Russia's \"right of self-determination\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lenin",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who asserted Russia's right to \"self-determination?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-214_m",
          "context": "Two days later , even though Tesla was an American citizen . . John G. Trump . After a three-day investigation , Trump 's report concluded that there was nothing which would constitute a hazard in unfriendly hands , stating : However , a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out , which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic . In 1850 , William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called `` New San Diego '' , several miles south of the original settlement ; however , for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses , a pier and an Army depot .",
          "c_entity": [
            "manhattan storage and warehouse company",
            "fbi",
            "oap",
            "alien property custodian",
            "hotel new yorker",
            "tesla",
            "new york city",
            "office of alien property",
            "john g. trump",
            "m.i.t.",
            "national defense research committee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11161e3433e1400422b87_m",
              "question": "Who analyzed Tesla?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John G. Trump",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who analyzed Tesla's belongings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-2047_m",
          "context": "What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object. Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as  and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth. This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of  will experience a force:",
          "c_entity": [
            "isaac newton",
            "galileo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573784fa1c45671900574484_m",
              "question": "Who came up with the idea that falling objects fall at the same speed, regardless of weight?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galileo",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who came up with the concept that falling objects fell at the same speed regardless of weight?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-1164_m",
          "context": ", after the conquest of Western Xia , Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty . The commander of the Jin dynasty army made a tactical mistake in not attacking the Mongols at the first opportunity . Instead , the Jin commander sent a messenger , Ming-Tan , to the Mongol side , who defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass . At this engagement fought at Badger Pass the Mongols massacred hundreds of thousands of Jin troops . In 1215 Genghis besieged , captured , and sacked the Jin capital of Zhongdu -LRB- modern-day Beijing -RRB- . Another , Verna Stafford , was sentenced to life without parole after being granted a new trial after she had previously been sentenced to death . This forced the Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng , abandoning the northern half of his kingdom to the Mongols . In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extra terrestrial life and how it has influenced some of his films . , Kaifeng fell to the Mongols under the reign of Genghis ' third son , Ögedei Khan . , after the siege of Caizhou .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1215",
            "1233",
            "1232",
            "1211",
            "1234"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d_m",
              "question": "When did Genghis Khan conquer the capital of the Jin Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1215",
                  "answer_start": 491
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "When did Genghis Khan capture the Jin dynasty capital?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-dev-199_m",
          "context": "Tesla theorized that the application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence. In 1912, he crafted \"a plan to make dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [the schoolroom] with infinitesimal electric waves vibrating at high frequency. The whole room will thus, Mr. Tesla claims, be converted into a health-giving and stimulating electromagnetic field or 'bath.'\" The plan was, at least provisionally approved by then superintendent of New York City schools, William H. Maxwell.",
          "c_entity": [
            "william h. maxwell",
            "tesla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6_m",
              "question": "Who approved the plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William H. Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "challenging",
              "original_question": "Who approved of this plan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}