{
  "version": "question_word_matching_train_shortcut",
  "data": [
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1285_s",
          "context": ", later known simply as `` Fantasia '' , at Top 8 was widely praised . , and Fantasia was crowned as the winner . Fantasia released as her coronation single `` I Believe '' . Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist , who placed seventh , became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barrino",
            "diana degarmo",
            "simon cowell",
            "fantasia",
            "hudson",
            "tamyra gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfe_s",
              "question": "Who was declared champion of the season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fantasia",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was declared the season winner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8697_s",
          "context": ", Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square . In 1913 , the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury . They became Tottenham Hotspur 's nearest club , commencing the North London derby . , they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway . -- 15 , with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football . -- 15 , Arsenal 's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "1886",
            "1913",
            "2015",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725caa738643c19005acd05_s",
              "question": "When did Arsenal settle at Highbury?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1467_s",
          "context": "Of the 80 torch-bearers in London , who started the relay , mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could `` see why they would like to make an issue '' of it . Amid pressure from both directions , Prime Minister Gordon Brown welcomed the torch outside 10 Downing Street without holding or touching it . '' , leading to at least thirty-five arrests . , and in a separate incident , a fire extinguisher was set off near the torch . The Chinese ambassador carried the torch through Chinatown after an unpublicized change to the route amid security concerns . The torch made an unscheduled move onto a bus along Fleet Street amid security concerns and efforts to evade the protesters . In an effort to counter the pro-Tibet protesters and show their support for the 2008 Beijing Olympics , more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs , banners and Chinese flags . A large number of supporters were concentrated in Trafalgar Square , displaying the Olympic slogan `` One World , One Dream '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon brown",
            "norman baker",
            "francesca martinez",
            "parliament",
            "konnie huq",
            "steve redgrave",
            "bbc",
            "richard vaughan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36f_s",
              "question": "Who didn't really touch the torch at 10 Downing Street?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prime Minister Gordon Brown",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was outside at 10 Downing Street to welcome the torch without actually touching it?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14307_s",
          "context": "In sheer numbers , who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004 , although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa , New Hampshire , Arizona , South Carolina , New Mexico and Nevada . Kerry 's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls . Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa . Heading into the primaries , Kerry 's campaign was largely seen as in trouble . , as well as Kerry 's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign -LRB- while his wife was a billionaire , campaign finance rules prohibited using one 's personal fortune -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael whouley",
            "howard dean",
            "ted kennedy",
            "al gore",
            "mary beth cahill",
            "bill bradley",
            "jim jordan",
            "kerry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57290eaa3f37b31900477fe1_s",
              "question": "Who has the least sponsorship between Kerry and Dean?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kerry",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16313_s",
          "context": "The Party of Reconstruction in Sicily , campaigned for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state . This party was one of several Sicilian separatist movements active after the downfall of Italian Fascism . Sicilians felt neglected or underrepresented by the Italian government after the annexation of 1861 that ended the rule of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies based in Naples .",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 1943",
            "july",
            "1944",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573078662461fd1900a9ce40_s",
              "question": "When did the annexation of Sicily pass through Italy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6466_s",
          "context": "Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution . , dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism . By the 1830s , approximately 85 % of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire . , Blackburn , Bolton , Burnley , Bury , Chorley , Colne , Darwen , Nelson , Preston , Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time . Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire 's mill towns , particularly during wakes week .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coalfield",
            "oldham",
            "accrington",
            "manchester",
            "lancashire",
            "liverpool",
            "blackpool"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570acc776d058f190018310a_s",
              "question": "Where is the tourist center of Lancashire mill city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Blackpool",
                  "answer_start": 415
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was a center for tourist for the people of Lancashire's mill towns?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18867_s",
          "context": ". , is the tradition of worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in South Asian countries . In Nepal the selection process is very rigorous . , after which it is believed that the goddess vacates her body . Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for her to revert to common status . , Matina Shakya , age four , was installed in October 2008 by the Maoist government that replaced the monarchy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kumari ghar",
            "kumaris",
            "durga",
            "matina shakya",
            "kumari devi",
            "taleju",
            "royal kumari"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735bb2adc94161900571f67_s",
              "question": "Who is the Royal Kumari at the end of 2008?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matina Shakya",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Royal Kumari as of late 2008?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11379_s",
          "context": ", British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference . , it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie . In 1900 the company 's territory came under the control of the British government , which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria . , Nigeria became a British protectorate , and part of the British Empire . By war , and , defeated other opponents . The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1902",
            "1900",
            "1885",
            "1 january 1901",
            "time",
            "the following year",
            "late 19th",
            "early 20th centuries",
            "1897"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d331f1498d1400e8ec70_s",
              "question": "When did the British government take over the territory of the Royal Corporation of Niger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11128_s",
          "context": "In the US . Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate , which superseded the food pyramid , which replaced the Four Food Groups . Committee hearings are often televised on C-SPAN .",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
            "us department of agriculture and us department of health and human services",
            "nutrition and forestry committee",
            "usda"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270755708984140094d8b6_s",
              "question": "Who issues directives on nutrition and physical activity recommendations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "USDA",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who releases guidelines that revolve around diet and physical activity recommendations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5034_s",
          "context": "In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.",
          "c_entity": [
            "nhk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b38_s",
              "question": "Who developed a 5:3 aspect ratio HDTV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Japanese state broadcaster NHK",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8449_s",
          "context": "Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics. The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West Indies. In the face of this attack, it was hoped, the British would weaken their defense of the Western Approaches by sending ships to the Caribbean, allowing a combined Franco-Spanish fleet to take control of the channel long enough for French armies to cross and invade. However, the plan unraveled after the British victory at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in July 1805. French Admiral Villeneuve then retreated to Cádiz instead of linking up with French naval forces at Brest for an attack on the English Channel.",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 1805"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268f1b708984140094ca1f_s",
              "question": "When did the battle of Cape finistre come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1805",
                  "answer_start": 682
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8600_s",
          "context": ". , it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil . Uruguay was consolidated as an independent state in 1828 , with Montevideo as the nation 's capital . , the demolition of the city 's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja , referred to as the `` Ciudad Nueva '' -LRB- `` new city '' -RRB- . Urban expansion , however , moved very slowly because of the events that followed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1825",
            "1828",
            "1821",
            "recently",
            "1816",
            "1829",
            "1814"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ba5aec44d21400f3d478_s",
              "question": "When did Uruguay merge into an independent country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1828",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Uruguay consolidated as an independent state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1478_s",
          "context": ": The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires , held on April 11 , began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur . In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer , Carlos Espínola . , the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini . The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo . The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests , which included a giant banner reading `` Free Tibet '' , and an alternative `` human rights torch '' that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take . Most of these protests were peaceful in nature , and the torch was not impeded . Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games , but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups . Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week . People showered the parade route with confetti as banks , government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame 's five-continent journey .",
          "c_entity": [
            "argentina",
            "palermo",
            "lola mora",
            "riding club",
            "buenos aires"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8e922dc89441400fdb3cf_s",
              "question": "Where did the Buenos Aires fire start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Lola Mora amphitheatre",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8973_s",
          "context": "In April 1950 . Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat , to avoid a direct war with the Americans . Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion . China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets . At that time . However . Once Mao 's commitment was secured , preparations for war accelerated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mao",
            "pla",
            "kim",
            "stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726833add62a815002e87d0_s",
              "question": "Who had to agree to reinforce Stalin to allow the invasion of North Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mao",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had to agree to send reinforcements for Stalin to give permission for the invasion of Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-755_s",
          "context": "In a 1964 interview . '' . When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate , Calpurnia , their black cook , chastises and punishes her for doing so . , and later in the book even stands up to his sister , the formidable Aunt Alexandra , when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia . One writer notes that Scout , `` in Austenian fashion '' , satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify . : `` affirmation of order in society , obedience , courtesy , and respect for the individual without regard for status '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexandra",
            "atticus",
            "lee",
            "jean blackall",
            "finch",
            "walter cunningham",
            "jane austen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf477faab44d1400b88f15_s",
              "question": "Who is Atticus Finch's brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aunt Alexandra",
                  "answer_start": 216
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Atticus Finch's sibling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7800_s",
          "context": ", Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom . Masayuki Uemura designed the system . Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive , but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper , more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles . A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware , after which work began on programming tools . Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time , no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch . Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1980s",
            "october 1982"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571121f4b654c5140001fba8_s",
              "question": "When was the test model established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1982",
                  "answer_start": 525
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the test model constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14811_s",
          "context": "In 2012 , news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri , Goseong , Gangwon Province , South Korea , which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia . `` No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before , the institute said , adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula '' . , stone projectile points , and possible houses were also found . , researchers discovered prehistoric earthenware , jade earrings , among other items in the area '' . The research team will perform accelerator mass spectrometry -LRB- AMS -RRB- dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "3000 b.c.",
            "2002"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a22271d046914007797c9_s",
              "question": "When was the first Asian farm found in South Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in South Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10725_s",
          "context": "On 8 June 1856 , the next settlement began on Norfolk Island . These were the descendants of Tahitians and the HMS Bounty mutineers , including those of Fletcher Christian . They resettled from the Pitcairn Islands , which had become too small for their growing population . On 3 May 1856 , 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands aboard the `` Morayshire '' . On 8 June 194 persons arrived , a baby having been born in transit . The Pitcairners occupied many of the buildings remaining from the penal settlements , and gradually established traditional farming and whaling industries on the island . Although some families decided to return to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863 , the island 's population continued to grow . They accepted additional settlers , who often arrived with whaling fleets .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pitcairn islands",
            "norfolk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a33a5951b619008f7880_s",
              "question": "Where is the next settlement in Norfolk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Pitcairn Islands",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the next settlement of people on Norfolk Island settle from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4432_s",
          "context": "In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f7eea6d7ea1400e17339_s",
              "question": "When was Tito elected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16289_s",
          "context": ". The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico 's electorate , the U.S. Congress , and the U.S. president occurred in 1952 . In addition , the rights .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1951",
            "1948",
            "1952"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730401c04bcaa1900d7740f_s",
              "question": "When is the constitution accepted by voters, Congress and the president of the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1952",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13358_s",
          "context": ". He opined that Nasser 's legacy was a `` guarantee of instability '' due to Nasser 's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule . Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader , blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt 's losses during the Suez War , among other events . , once described as Nasser 's closest Western adviser , said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility , indispensability , and immortality has been filtered out .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mark cooper",
            "abd al-azim ramadan",
            "nasser",
            "miles copeland, jr."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572841e63acd2414000df7e1_s",
              "question": "Who says Nasser is an irrational and irresponsible leader?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abd al-Azim Ramadan",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5597_s",
          "context": "Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes:",
          "c_entity": [
            "britain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705f3a375f01819005e77c3_s",
              "question": "Where did the experiment take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Britain",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did this experiment take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10777_s",
          "context": ", they wished he had used more moderate language . Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing `` the doctrines I have sworn by , long and long since '' . Francis Basset , a backbench Whig MP : '' ... though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments , I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution '' . : `` Not one word from one of our party . They are secretly galled . They agree with me to a title ; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox . ... They leave me to myself ; they see that I can do myself justice '' .",
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              "question": "Who says he's different from Mr Fox?",
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          "context": "New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history . , of the Beaux-Arts school . , designed by Eero Saarinen , was included on the America 's Favorite Architecture list created in 2007 .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of the design of the ice rink at Yale University in new haven?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Eero Saarinen",
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              "original_question": "Who is responsible for designing Ingalls Rink at Yale University in New Haven? "
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          "context": "In 1839 , Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories -LRB- both of whom Victoria detested -RRB- voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica . The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery . The Queen commissioned a Tory , Sir Robert Peel , to form a new ministry . At the time , who were usually his political allies and their spouses . Many of the Queen 's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs , and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories . In what became known as the bedchamber crisis , Victoria , advised by Melbourne , objected to their removal . Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen , and consequently resigned his commission , allowing Melbourne to return to office .",
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                  "text": "Sir Robert Peel",
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          "context": "The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city ; the Marina District , Ducktown , Chelsea , South Inlet . Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district , including several in the city 's northern end , or North Beach . , which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium , was initially left out of the tourism district , while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries , owing to complaints from the city . Also , the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford , who cast the lone `` no '' vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion .",
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              "question": "Who voted against the establishment of the special zone on the basis of the shortlist of Bader field?",
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                  "text": "mayor Lorenzo Langford",
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              "original_question": "Who cast the lone \"no\" vote on the creation of the district citing Bader Field's inclusion?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5358_s",
          "context": "The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, nicknamed Baby, was the world's first stored-program computer. It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948. It was designed as a testbed for the Williams tube the first random-access digital storage device. Although the computer was considered \"small and primitive\" by the standards of its time, it was the first working machine to contain all of the elements essential to a modern electronic computer. As soon as the SSEM had demonstrated the feasibility of its design, a project was initiated at the university to develop it into a more usable computer, the Manchester Mark 1.",
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            {
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              "question": "What time did Manchester small test machine start its first program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 June 1948",
                  "answer_start": 251
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              "original_question": "When did the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine run its first program?"
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          "context": ", TF1 , is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt , Canal + , Arte , D8 , W9 , NT1 , NRJ 12 , BFM TV . , and its various channels . Radio France Internationale , another public broadcaster is also based in the city .",
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              "question": "Where is TF1?",
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              "original_question": "Where is TF1 located?"
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          "context": "The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport -LRB- IAH -RRB- , the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers , and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide . In 2006 , the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States . The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds .",
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              "question": "When did the U.S. Department of transportation describe IAH as the fastest growing airport in the United States?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
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              "original_question": "When did the U.S. Department of Transportation name IAH as fastest growing of U.S. airports?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6335_s",
          "context": ", and surrounded by two branches , one of a laurel tree and the other a palm . In 1910 the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest . The winner was Carles Comamala , who at the time played for the club . Comamala 's suggestion became the crest that the club wears today , with some minor variations . , and the team colours at the bottom .",
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              "question": "Who is the winner of the game?",
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                  "text": "Carles Comamala",
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              "original_question": "Who was the winner of the crest competition? "
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          "context": ". It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street . Its length is 3.4 km -LRB- 2.1 mi -RRB- . It has six subway stations :",
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              "question": "Where is 14th Street?",
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              "original_question": "Where does 14th Street end?"
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          "context": "Several suitors appeared ; however , only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit .",
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              "question": "Who bought the times from in the 1980s?",
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                  "text": "Thomson",
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              "original_question": "Who did a media magnate in the 1980s buy The Times from?"
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          "context": "Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching \"an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs.\" The format's artists included Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, The Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, and Ingrid Michaelson. Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.",
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              "original_question": "Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?"
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          "context": "Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament . The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law . , the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years .",
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              "question": "Who did the Presbyterian Church complain to in 1572?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Parliament",
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              "original_question": "To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?"
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          "context": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.",
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              "question": "When was the Theodore M. Herzberg library built in Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1963",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished?"
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          "context": "Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner , who named his system the `` gramophone '' , distinguishing it from Edison 's wax cylinder `` phonograph '' and Columbia 's wax cylinder `` graphophone '' . Berliner 's earliest discs , first marketed in 1889 , were 5 inches -LRB- 13 cm -RRB- in diameter , and were played with a small hand-propelled machine . Both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity , due to the limited sound quality . In the United States in 1894 , under the Berliner Gramophone trademark , Berliner started marketing records with somewhat more substantial entertainment value , along with somewhat more substantial gramophones to play them . Berliner 's records had poor sound quality compared to wax cylinders , but his manufacturing associate Eldridge R. Johnson eventually improved the sound quality . Abandoning Berliner 's `` Gramophone '' trademark for legal reasons , in 1901 Johnson 's and Berliner 's separate companies reorganized to form the Victor Talking Machine Company , whose products would come to dominate the market for many years . The factory which became RCA Victor stills exists .",
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              "question": "Where is the cross section record made?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "United States",
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              "original_question": "Where were lateral cut disc records developed?"
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          "context": "Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland , from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup , Germany . He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language . Father H. Linckens . He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands .",
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              "question": "When was father Lincoln's book published?",
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                  "text": "1912",
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              "original_question": "When was Father Linckens' book published?"
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          "context": ", the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous . Finally , in 1673 , Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor . The young emperor granted his retirement , but denied the heredity of his fief . In reaction , the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi 's resolve , thinking that he would not risk offending them . The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown .",
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              "question": "When did corsey retire?",
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              "original_question": "When did Kexi retire?"
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          "context": "Over 90 weeklies , fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit . Sudharma , a daily newspaper in Sanskrit , since 1970 , while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years . Since 1974 , there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio . These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR 's website . Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST .",
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          "context": ". Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 -LRB- after seven attempts -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When did Edward huimer arrive at Matterhorn?",
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          "context": "Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide. Originally it appealed especially to workers, agricultural workers, and slaves.",
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              "question": "Who inspired the Methodist Church?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "John Wesley",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the inspiration for Methodism?"
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          "context": "Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009 . , it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors , especially AMD and Intel . Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices , while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company 's goal for Windows to be `` everywhere on every kind of device without compromise . '' Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed `` Jupiter '' , which would be used to make `` immersive '' applications using XAML -LRB- similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight -RRB- that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store .",
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              "question": "When did Microsoft start to create windows 8?",
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                  "text": "before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009",
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              "original_question": "When did Microsoft start creating Windows 8?"
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          "context": "West 's musical career has been defined by frequent stylistic shifts , and has seen him develop and explore a variety of different musical approaches and genres throughout his work . When asked about his musical inspirations , he has named A Tribe Called Quest , LL Cool J . , '' and named producer Puff Daddy as the `` most important cultural figure in my life . '' Early in his career , West pioneered a style of production dubbed `` chipmunk soul '' which utilized pitched-up vocal samples , usually from soul and R&B songs , along with his own drums and instrumentation . His first major release featuring his trademark soulful vocal sampling style was `` This Ca n't Be Life '' . , stating in an interview for Rolling Stone , `` All good . I got super respect for Kanye -LSB- ... -RSB- -LSB- he -RSB- is going to inspire people to be like him . '' West further developed his style on his 2004 debut album , The College Dropout . After a rough version was leaked , he meticulously refined the production , adding string arrangements , gospel choirs , and improved drum programming .",
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              "question": "Who is Kanye's greatest cultural figure?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Puff Daddy",
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              "original_question": "Who was Kanye's greatest cultural figure?"
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          "context": "This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession . The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick -LRB- 1697 -RRB- . , because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif -LRB- a kind of foreign province of the king of France -RRB- . , however , was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could -LRB- some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands -RRB- . Its language also remained overwhelmingly German : the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution . Famous students included Goethe and Herder .",
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              "question": "Who are the famous students of Luther university?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Goethe and Herder",
                  "answer_start": 730
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              "original_question": "Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15849_s",
          "context": "On 14 October . Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured . British anti-aircraft defences -LRB- General Frederick Alfred Pile -RRB- fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers . On 15 October , the bombers returned and about 900 fires were started by the mix of 415 short tons -LRB- 376 t -RRB- of high explosive and 11 short tons -LRB- 10.0 t -RRB- of incendiaries dropped . Five main rail lines were cut in London and rolling stock damaged .",
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              "question": "Who fired anti defense ammunition?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "General Frederick Alfred Pile",
                  "answer_start": 111
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              "original_question": "Who fired anti-defense rounds?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7607_s",
          "context": ". Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government . , however , the Rhodesian Prime Minister , Ian Smith , in opposition to moves toward majority rule , declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing `` loyalty and devotion '' to Elizabeth . Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration , and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia . As Britain 's ties to its former empire weakened , the British government sought entry to the European Community , a goal it achieved in 1973 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1965",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fb64080d9841400ab364f_s",
              "question": "When did Britain join the European Community?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 583
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain join the European Community?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8421_s",
          "context": "Napoleon was born in Corsica to a relatively modest family of noble Tuscan ancestry . , he saved the French government from collapse by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons . The Directory rewarded Napoleon by giving him command of the Army of Italy at age 26 , when he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies , scoring a series of decisive victories that made him famous all across Europe . He followed the defeat of the Allies in Europe by commanding a military expedition to Egypt in 1798 , invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1789",
            "1793",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572644761125e71900ae1922_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon command his Egyptian military expedition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1798",
                  "answer_start": 532
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon command his military expedition to Egypt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11638_s",
          "context": ", organic chemistry , and by the end of the 19th century , scientists were able to synthesize hundreds of organic compounds . The later part of the 19th century saw the exploitation of the Earth 's petrochemicals , after the exhaustion of the oil supply from whaling . By the 20th century , systematic production of refined materials provided a ready supply of products which provided not only energy , but also synthetic materials for clothing , medicine , and everyday disposable resources . Application of the techniques of organic chemistry to living organisms resulted in physiological chemistry , the precursor to biochemistry . The 20th century also saw the integration of physics and chemistry , with chemical properties explained as the result of the electronic structure of the atom . Linus Pauling 's book on The Nature of the Chemical Bond used the principles of quantum mechanics to deduce bond angles in ever-more complicated molecules . Pauling 's work culminated in the physical modelling of DNA , 1953 -RRB- . In the same year , that basic constituents of proteins , simple amino acids , could themselves be built up from simpler molecules .",
          "c_entity": [
            "linus pauling",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282636ff5b5019007d9e0e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about the properties of chemical bonds?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Linus Pauling",
                  "answer_start": 795
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Nature of the Chemical Bond?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6673_s",
          "context": "Finally , an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces . In Belgium , disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly -LRB- which feeds on the leaves -RRB- . Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive . The exotic organisms may be predators , parasites , or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients , water and light .",
          "c_entity": [
            "belgium",
            "eastern europe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570bc8b4ec8fbc190045baf3_s",
              "question": "Where is the thorn plum leaf?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In Belgium",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16842_s",
          "context": "In contrast . In the 2nd century BC , Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking , but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome . According to Polybius , who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century , this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt . In contrast to the west , the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries , and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill . This had some important similarities to -LRB- and important differences from -RRB- the events in Italy centuries earlier , but this time on a global scale .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc931947a6a140053ccb9_s",
              "question": "Who wants to know how Rome ruled the east of Greece?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Polybius",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8785_s",
          "context": "Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake , around 1624 . , who from 1633 extended Blake 's house and developed much of today 's garden , then known as Goring Great Garden . He did not , however , obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden . , which it needed to do for legal execution '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57260fd4271a42140099d40f_s",
              "question": "Who owns the first house in this place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir William Blake",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owned the first house built on the site?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-230_s",
          "context": "Four boarders at his parents ' apartments became Chopin 's intimates : Tytus Woyciechowski ; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu . He was friendly with members of Warsaw 's young artistic and intellectual world . In letters to Woyciechowski , he indicated which of his works , and even which of their passages , were influenced by his fascination with her ; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement -LRB- Larghetto -RRB- of his Piano Concerto No. 1 -LRB- in E minor -RRB- was secretly dedicated to her -- `` It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime -- by moonlight . '' His final Conservatory report -LRB- July 1829 -RRB- read : `` Chopin F. , third-year student , exceptional talent , musical genius . ''",
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            "stefan witwicki",
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            "chopin",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d313b559d6e41400146210_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin tell in his letter, which parts of his work were his favorite singing students?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tytus Woyciechowski",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18665_s",
          "context": "Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period . -- 91 -RRB- identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist . According to Petrarch , what was needed to remedy this situation was the careful study and imitation of the great classical authors . , whose prose became the model for both learned -LRB- Latin -RRB- and vernacular -LRB- Italian -RRB- prose .",
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              "id": "57327da60fdd8d15006c6b26_s",
              "question": "Who were the original supporters of humanism in the Renaissance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Petrarch",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was thought to be the original believer of humanism in of the Renaissance period?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15073_s",
          "context": ", and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688 , reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000 . : 86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha , and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang , tensions led to a number of conflicts . Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island , which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces. : 68 -- 74",
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            {
              "id": "572b4c90111d821400f38e36_s",
              "question": "When was smallpox popular?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1688",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16645_s",
          "context": "; none face term limits . Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September . In other words . Council elections are severed : Wards 1 , 2 , while Wards 3 , 5 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57343e54d058e614000b6b72_s",
              "question": "When does Tucson City Council begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is Tucson's city council primary?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15546_s",
          "context": "A strong consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike , even naïve , sense of wonder and faith , as attested by works such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , Hook . , these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots . In the cases when his films include children -LRB- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , Empire of the Sun , Jurassic Park , etc. -RRB- , this type of shot is more apparent , but it is also used in films like Munich , The Terminal , Minority Report , and Amistad . If one views each of his films , one will see this shot utilized by the director , notably the water scenes in Jaws are filmed from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming . In Empire of the Sun , a well-groomed and spoiled English youth , loses his innocence as he suffers through World War II China . Similarly , in Catch Me If You Can , Frank naively and foolishly believes that he can reclaim his shattered family if he accumulates enough money to support them .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who would be naive if you could catch me?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Frank",
                  "answer_start": 899
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is naive in 'Catch Me if You Can'?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6913_s",
          "context": ", she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem , being cleansed from her blood . -LSB- Leviticus 12:1-8 -RSB- They also presented Jesus -- `` As it is written in the law of the Lord . , to their own city Nazareth '' .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4097ec8fbc190045be32_s",
              "question": "Who is in the temple of Jerusalem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jesus",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8037_s",
          "context": "In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections. Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa3cb4faf5e1900b8ab92_s",
              "question": "Where is the experimental treatment research institute?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Berlin",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11743_s",
          "context": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons -LRB- called `` photoelectrons '' -RRB- from a surface when light is shone on it . It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839 , although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz . , when his predictions had been confirmed by the experimental work of Robert Andrews Millikan . The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect , rather than relativity , both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment , and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57292b05af94a219006aa14c_s",
              "question": "When was the photoelectric effect first observed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1839",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the photoelectric effect first observed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8618_s",
          "context": ". Tourism in Montevideo is centered in the Ciudad Vieja area , which includes the city 's oldest buildings , several museums , art galleries , and nightclubs . On the edge of Ciudad Vieja ; the plaza also constitutes one end of 18 de Julio Avenue , the city 's most important tourist destination outside of Ciudad Vieja . Apart from being a shopping street , the avenue is noted for its Art Deco buildings , three important public squares , the Gaucho Museum , the Palacio Municipal and many other sights . The avenue leads to the Obelisk of Montevideo ; beyond that is Parque Batlle , which along with the Parque Prado is another important tourist destination . Along the coast , the Fortaleza del Cerro , the Rambla -LRB- the coastal avenue -RRB- , 13 kilometres -LRB- 8.1 mi -RRB- of sandy beaches , and Punta Gorda attract many tourists , as do the Barrio Sur and Palermo barrios .",
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            "ciudad vieja",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c74589a1e219009abe8f_s",
              "question": "Where is the tourism industry in Montevideo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ciudad Vieja area",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is tourism in Montevideo centered in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18325_s",
          "context": "It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 19th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573248b9e17f3d14004227d9_s",
              "question": "When did evangelicals rise?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 18th and 19th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7736_s",
          "context": ". The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2 , 1967 . In this case , the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner , on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570feffa80d9841400ab3743_s",
              "question": "Who was executed on 2 June 1967?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luis Monge",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was executed on June 2, 1967?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11348_s",
          "context": "After several failed attempts , in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda . A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York , it had to land twice in the ocean : once because of darkness and again to refuel . In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57294c541d04691400779266_s",
              "question": "Who started trying to fly from Berlin to New York and stop in the Azores?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luft Hansa",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5775_s",
          "context": "Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines , and some compositions were entirely electronic , Cerrone 's `` Supernature '' -LRB- 1977 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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            "1970s",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570695a652bb891400689aa7_s",
              "question": "When was supernatural published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Cerrone's \"Supernature\" get released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-810_s",
          "context": "Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable . A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas . The plant , which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 -LRB- 51,000 sq ft -RRB- , could produce up to 22,700 L -LRB- 5,000 imp gal . Individual still designs include single-slope , double-slope -LRB- or greenhouse type -RRB- , vertical , conical , inverted absorber , multi-wick , and multiple effect . These stills can operate in passive , active , or hybrid modes . Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes , while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d0007f234ae51400d9c245_s",
              "question": "When was the first large-scale solar distillation produced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first large solar distillation plant created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5042_s",
          "context": "In 1983 , the International Telecommunication Union 's radio telecommunications sector -LRB- ITU-R -RRB- set up a working party -LRB- IWP11/6 -RRB- with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard . One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate , the world already having split into two camps , 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz , largely due to the differences in mains frequency . , not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors , which led to further developments in other areas . While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established , agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b7_s",
              "question": "When did ITU-R try to establish a single international HD TV standard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11198_s",
          "context": "Camillo di Cavour , under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia , sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers , commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora , to side with French and British forces during the war. : 111 -- 12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French . , where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "crimea",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57271960708984140094d9b1_s",
              "question": "Where did Victor Emanuel II come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Piedmont-Sardinia",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Victor Emmanuel II from?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1032_s",
          "context": "According to Capitol Record 's A&R , Joe Weinberger , he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him . Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label . , claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost , and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf637caab44d1400b891b7_s",
              "question": "Who almost caught Kanye, but in the end was affected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Weinberger",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who almost picked up Kanye but was ultimately swayed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9003_s",
          "context": "In order to enlist Stalin 's support , arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin 's home at the Black Sea . There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov , Lavrentiy Beria and Georgi Malenkov . Stalin initially agreed to send military equipment and ammunition . In a subsequent meeting , Stalin told Zhou that he would only provide China with equipment on a credit basis , and that the Soviet air force would only operate over Chinese airspace , and only after an undisclosed period of time . Stalin did not agree to send either military equipment or air support until March 1951 . Mao did not find Soviet air support especially useful . Soviet shipments of matériel , when they did arrive , were limited to small quantities of trucks , grenades , machine guns , and the like .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
            "black sea",
            "china",
            "soviet",
            "moscow",
            "yalu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cdc6708984140094d1cb_s",
              "question": "Where can Zhou Enlai and the Chinese delegation persuade Stalin to support China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Black Sea",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Zhou travel with a Chinese delegation to convince Stalin to support China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16762_s",
          "context": ", no effective antibacterial treatments were available . In 1910 , Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic , by changing dyes that selectively stained Treponema pallidum -- the spirochaete that causes syphilis -- into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen . , and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria , with his work being the basis of the Gram stain and the Ziehl -- Neelsen stain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1908",
            "the nineteenth century",
            "1910"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fed76a23a5019007fcb47_s",
              "question": "When was the first antibiotic discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 1910",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first antibiotic discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10488_s",
          "context": "In 1909 -- 10 , football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905 -- 06 to solve the problem of serious injuries . There was a mood of alarm and mistrust , and , while the crisis was developing , and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport . , and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries . Their attempts , however . The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority , but changes did reduce injuries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "princeton",
            "woodrow wilson",
            "arthur hadley",
            "harvard",
            "yale",
            "intercollegiate athletic association",
            "a. lawrence lowell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1e_s",
              "question": "Who represents Princeton in the discussion of rule change?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Woodrow Wilson",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10045_s",
          "context": "Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide . The Guinness World Records acknowledged her as the best-selling female recording artist and the fourth best-selling act of all time , behind The Beatles . , she is the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second top-selling female albums artist in the United States , with 64.5 million certified albums . Madonna is the most certified artist of all time in United Kingdom . Billboard named Madonna as the top touring female artist of all time . She is also the highest grossing solo touring artist , with over $ 1.31 billion in concert gross , starting from the Blond Ambition World Tour ; she first crossed a billion gross with The MDNA Tour . Overall , Madonna ranks third on all-time top-grossing Billboard Boxscore list . Madonna has been honored with 20 MTV Video Music Awards -- the most for any artist -- including the lifetime achievement Video Vanguard Award in 1986 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elvis presley",
            "rolling stones",
            "madonna",
            "recording industry association of america",
            "british phonographic industry",
            "michael jackson",
            "bpi",
            "riaa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572700addd62a815002e9761_s",
              "question": "Who is the best-selling rock artist of the 20th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the best selling female rock artist in the 20th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4555_s",
          "context": "Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus , the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty , monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family . However , starting from 1573 , practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish -- Lithuanian monarch . Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents -- the Pacta conventa -LRB- `` agreed pacts '' -RRB- -- a confirmation of the king 's pre-election promises , and Henrican articles -LRB- artykuły henrykowskie , named after the first freely elected king . The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth :",
          "c_entity": [
            "sigismund ii augustus",
            "henry of valois"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82fdaaef2371900625ec5_s",
              "question": "Who was the last king of the jagelons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sigismund II Augustus",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2549_s",
          "context": "The circumlunar program -LRB- Zond -RRB- , created by Vladimir Chelomey 's design bureau OKB-52 , was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1 , launched by Chelomey 's Proton UR-500 rocket . The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment , by omitting the Soyuz orbital module .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zond",
            "vladimir chelomey",
            "khruschev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fb41231d4119001ac52c_s",
              "question": "Who created the circumcision program ZOND?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir Chelomey",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the circumlunar program called Zond?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6910_s",
          "context": ". Before Mary 's conception . Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph , Mary was 12 -- 14 years old , and he was thirty years old , but such accounts are unreliable .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hannah",
            "saint anne",
            "samuel",
            "joseph",
            "temple",
            "james",
            "joachim",
            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c2b046b8089140040fba6_s",
              "question": "Who is Mary engaged to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Mary betrothed to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8835_s",
          "context": "One of the problems of the standard electric light bulb is filament notching due to evaporation of the filament. Small variations in resistivity along the filament cause \"hot spots\" to form at points of higher resistivity; a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life. These hot spots evaporate faster than the rest of the filament, which increases the resistance at that point—this creates a positive feedback that ends in the familiar tiny gap in an otherwise healthy-looking filament. Irving Langmuir found that an inert gas, instead of vacuum, would retard evaporation. General service incandescent light bulbs over about 25 watts in rating are now filled with a mixture of mostly argon and some nitrogen, or sometimes krypton. Lamps operated on direct current develop random stairstep irregularities on the filament surface which may cut lifespan in half compared to AC operation; different alloys of tungsten and rhenium can be used to counteract the effect.",
          "c_entity": [
            "irving langmuir"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726398eec44d21400f3dc5a_s",
              "question": "Who found that inert gases can slow evaporation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Irving Langmuir",
                  "answer_start": 521
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered that inert gas could slow evaporation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3752_s",
          "context": ". When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864 , a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death . Since the Taiping Rebellion began , Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender . This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zeng guofan",
            "presidential palace"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4147_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the Qing army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeng Guofan",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Qing troops?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15558_s",
          "context": "In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac . On July 15 , 2006 , Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival . The tribute to Spielberg featured a short . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "jacques chirac",
            "john williams",
            "leonard bernstein",
            "kennedy center",
            "spielberg",
            "ryan",
            "tom hanks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731d33de17f3d1400422455_s",
              "question": "Who made Spielberg a knight?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacques Chirac",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made Spielberg a knight?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7242_s",
          "context": "A fervent follower of the absolutist cause , Elío had played an important role in the repression of the supporters of the Constitution of 1812 . For this , he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting . Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued , and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade -LRB- 1823 -- 1833 -RRB- , which followed the Trienio Liberal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gaietà ripoli",
            "catholic inquisition",
            "mason",
            "elío"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3fa3b3d812140066d5df_s",
              "question": "Who helped suppress supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elío",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped repress the supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15796_s",
          "context": ", following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War , French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune . , with much bloodshed . The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution ; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners ; it was placed -LRB- and is still in place -RRB- in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin , next to his open coffin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two months",
            "1870",
            "1921"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315e0705b4da19006bd102_s",
              "question": "When did the people of the French Communist Party go to Moscow to flag the parish of the Soviet government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1921",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1965_s",
          "context": "In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.",
          "c_entity": [
            "5 february 1987"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd3_s",
              "question": "When was a study drafted to investigate women's direct participation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "5 February 1987",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16518_s",
          "context": "Over 50 % of undergraduate students live on campus . Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40 . It is the location of all the freshman buildings as well as several upperclassman buildings , which are set up in the traditional residential college system . All of the residential halls are co-ed . The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian-friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp . Bear 's Den -LRB- the largest dining hall on campus -RRB- , the Habif Health and Wellness Center -LRB- Student Health Services -RRB- , the Residential Life Office , University Police Headquarters , various student-owned businesses -LRB- e.g. the laundry service , Wash U Wash -RRB- , and the baseball , softball , and intramural fields are also located on the South 40 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "danforth campus",
            "south 40"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730107c947a6a140053d025_s",
              "question": "Where are the first-class apartments at the University of Washington?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the South 40",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are all freshman residence buildings at Washington University located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15245_s",
          "context": "Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix \"post\" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984.",
          "c_entity": [
            "reynolds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e6bacc246551400ce422f_s",
              "question": "Who defines the post punk era?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Reynolds",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3593_s",
          "context": ", the season expanded to 16 games . There were also several rule changes in this period . , players were no longer allowed to run out of bounds . The only way for a player to go out of bounds presently is if he is tackled into or deliberately contacts the side boards . In 2007 , free substitution was allowed , ending the `` iron man '' era of one-platoon football . , the `` jack '' linebacker was allowed to go sideboard to sideboard without being penalized for `` illegal defense '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "2003",
            "2005",
            "the first year",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c2_s",
              "question": "When was the free replacement rule introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year introduced the free substitution rule?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8095_s",
          "context": "Marwan was succeeded by his son , Abd al-Malik -LRB- 685 -- 705 -RRB- , who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate . The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar , which was based in Kufa . Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah , another son of Ali , to the caliphate , although Ibn al-Hanafiyyah himself may have had no connection to the revolt . The troops of al-Mukhtar engaged in battles both with the Umayyads in 686 , and with Ibn al-Zubayr in 687 , at which time the revolt of al-Mukhtar was crushed . In 691 . Ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the attack .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mecca",
            "mosul",
            "iraq",
            "khazir",
            "kufa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa39d10f8ca1400305223_s",
              "question": "Where is Mukhtar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kufa",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Al-Mukhtar based? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15184_s",
          "context": "Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment . , focus on understanding how people 's personality affects the way they interact personally , and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "howard gardner",
            "keirsey temperament sorter",
            "joseph renzulli",
            "david kolb",
            "jung",
            "dunn",
            "anthony gregorc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572bbdc7f75d5e190021feba_s",
              "question": "Who focuses on identifying stimuli that can affect learning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dunn",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who focused on identifying stimuli that can influence learning?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8103_s",
          "context": "Around 746 . In 747 , he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule , which was carried out under the sign of the black flag . He soon established control of Khurasan , expelling its Umayyad governor , Nasr ibn Sayyar , and dispatched an army westwards . Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749 , the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq , Wasit , was placed under siege . In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab , and the Umayyads were defeated . Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April , and in August .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marwan",
            "nasr ibn sayyar",
            "abu muslim",
            "abu al-abbas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa61910f8ca1400305265_s",
              "question": "Who was governor Umayyad hulasan, defeated by Abu Muslims?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasr ibn Sayyar",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-226_s",
          "context": "In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw 's Russian governor for military use . Fryderyk and his family moved to a building , which still survives , adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace . During this period , Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland , Grand Duke Constantine . Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , in his dramatic eclogue , `` Nasze Przebiegi '' -LRB- `` Our Discourses '' , attested to `` little Chopin 's '' popularity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1817",
            "march",
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            "1818"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a3_s",
              "question": "When was the Saxon palace taken over for military purposes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1817",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Saxon Palace was taken over for military use in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3753_s",
          "context": "The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 1912"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7909700c9c71400d772e1_s",
              "question": "When was the Republic of China founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1912",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Republic of China founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12532_s",
          "context": ". In December 2009 . The show featured eight a cappella groups from the United States and Puerto Rico vying for the prize of $ 100,000 and a recording contract with Epic Records/Sony Music . The show returned for a second and third season , won by Committed and Pentatonix , respectively .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nbc",
            "pentatonix",
            "contemporary a cappella society",
            "a second",
            "shawn stockman",
            "international championship of collegiate a cappella",
            "nicole scherzinger",
            "ben folds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c0a83acd2414000deba4_s",
              "question": "Who won the champion of singing off-season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pentatonix",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won The Sing-Off final season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3703_s",
          "context": ", when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts , but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period . , only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1658",
            "january 1661",
            "1640s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eed_s",
              "question": "When was Oliver Cromwell exposed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1661",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8408_s",
          "context": "Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes -LRB- c. 287 -- 212 BC -RRB- -- c. 190 BC -RRB- , and Euclid -LRB- c. 325 -- 265 BC -RRB- , whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century , built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans . Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem , for the infinitude of primes , and worked on the ﬁve Platonic solids . Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth . His calculation was remarkably accurate . He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth 's axis -LRB- again with remarkable accuracy -RRB- . Additionally , he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day . Known as the `` Father of Geography '' , Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians , based on the available geographical knowledge of the era .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the father of geomancy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eratosthenes",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Father of Geomtery?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10023_s",
          "context": "Throughout her career Madonna has been involved in writing and producing most of her own music . , her first attempts at songwriting are perceived as an important self-revelation , as Madonna said : `` I do n't know where -LSB- the songs -RSB- came from . It was like magic . I 'd write a song every day . I said ` Wow , I was meant to do this ' . '' Mark Kamins , her first producer , believed that Madonna is `` a much underrated musician and lyricist . '' . '' , Madonna 's talent for developing `` incredible '' hooks for her songs allows the lyrics to capture the attention of the audience , even without the influence of the music . As an example , just let the music set you free ; Touch my body , and move in time , now I know you 're mine . '' Madonna 's songwriting are often autobiographical over the years , dealing with various themes from love and relationships to self-respect and female empowerment . Her songs also speak about taboo and unconventional issues of their period , such as sexuality and AIDS on Erotica -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Many of her lyrics contain innuendos and double entendre , which lead to multiple interpretations among music critics and scholars . Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame twice , for 2014 and 2016 ceremony . Rolling Stone listed Madonna at number 56 on the `` 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time '' .",
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            {
              "id": "5726f21ddd62a815002e95ed_s",
              "question": "Who was Madonna's first producer?",
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                  "text": "Mark Kamins",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was Madonna's first producer?"
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          "context": "While these preparations were underway in the North , there were frequent clashes along the 38th parallel , especially at Kaesong and Ongjin , many initiated by the South . On the eve of war . For his part , Syngman Rhee repeatedly expressed his desire to conquer the North .",
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            {
              "id": "572686d25951b619008f75b6_s",
              "question": "Who wants to take over North Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Syngman Rhee",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to take over North Korea?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2901_s",
          "context": "Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle , Mark Dintenfass , Charles O. Baumann , Adam Kessel , Pat Powers , William Swanson , David Horsley , Robert H. Cochrane -LSB- a -RSB- and Jules Brulatour . , Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons . For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs , the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed . Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors , along with other patents , the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition , and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution .",
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            {
              "id": "56e14623cd28a01900c67716_s",
              "question": "When was the film trust founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created?"
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        {
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          "context": ". As the Jurchens had traditionally `` elected '' their leader through a council of nobles . A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji 's five-year-old son , Fulin .",
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            {
              "id": "57312af7497a881900248bf2_s",
              "question": "Who became the emperor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Fulin",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the emperor?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7738_s",
          "context": "In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not convicted of first-degree murder, the death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ff265b654c5140001f6db_s",
              "question": "When did Greg decide against Georgia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1976",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16307_s",
          "context": "Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States . , is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia , political science and sociologist , in March 2009 , proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who wrote the book \"Canaan state of America\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Alfred de Grazia",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the book The American State of Canaan?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6098_s",
          "context": ", and in regard to social issues . It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus . The movement originated in Eastern Europe -LRB- what is now Belarus and Ukraine -RRB- in the 18th century . Founded by Israel ben Eliezer , known as the Baal Shem Tov -LRB- 1698 -- 1760 -RRB- , it emerged in an age of persecution of the Jewish people , when a schism existed between scholarly and common European Jews . In addition to bridging this class gap , Hasidic teachings sought to reintroduce joy in the performance of the commandments and in prayer through the popularisation of Jewish mysticism -LRB- this joy had been suppressed in the intense intellectual study of the Talmud -RRB- . In a practical sense , what distinguishes Hasidic Judaism from other forms of Haredi Judaism is the close-knit organization of Hasidic communities centered on a Rebbe -LRB- sometimes translated as `` Grand Rabbi '' -RRB- , and various customs and modes of dress particular to each community . In some cases , there are religious ideological distinctions between Hasidic groups , as well . Another phenomenon that sets Hasidic Judaism apart from general Haredi Judaism is the strong emphasis placed on speaking Yiddish ; in -LRB- many -RRB- Hasidic households and communities , Yiddish is spoken exclusively .",
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              "question": "Who founded the so-called baalsheimtov?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 223
                }
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              "original_question": "Who founded what is known as the Baal Shem Tov?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11841_s",
          "context": "According to a study by Dr. Paul Brest , Hispanics or `` Latinos '' include immigrants who are descendants of immigrants from the countries comprising Central and South America . In 1991 , Mexican Americans , Puerto Ricans , and Cuban Americans made up 80 % of the Latino population in the United States . Latinos are disadvantaged compared to White Americans and are more likely to live in poverty . They are the least well educated major ethnic group and suffered a 3 % drop in high school completion rate while African Americans experienced a 12 % increase between 1975-1990 . In 1990 , they constituted 9 % of the population , but only received 3.1 % of the bachelors 's degrees awarded . At times when it is favorable to lawmakers . In other cases , according to Paul Brest , Latinos have been classified as an inferior race and a threat to white purity . Latinos have encountered considerable discrimination in areas such as employment , housing , and education . Brest finds that stereotypes continue to be largely negative and many perceive Latinos as `` lazy , unproductive , and on the dole . '' Furthermore , native-born Latino-Americans and recent immigrants are seen as identical since outsiders tend not to differentiate between Latino groups .",
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              "question": "Who has studied the origin of \"Latinos\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dr. Paul Brest",
                  "answer_start": 24
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              "original_question": "Who conducted a study about the origins of \"Latinos\"?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15257_s",
          "context": "In Germany , utilizing avant-garde noise , homemade instruments and found objects . Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party . In Brazil , Titãs , Patife Band , as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series , released in the UK , Germany and Brazil , respectively . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who else can work with members of the Einstein 252 committee?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Birthday Party",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
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              "original_question": "Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10046_s",
          "context": "Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts , including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200 . With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart , Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart . She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100 , more than any other artist in history . In 2008 , Billboard magazine ranked her at number two , behind The Beatles , on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart .",
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              "question": "Who has the most hits?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Madonna",
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              "original_question": "Who holds the record for the most number 1 hits?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18130_s",
          "context": ". The most common version of the twins ' story displays several aspects of hero myth . Their mother , Rhea Silvia , had been ordered by her uncle the king to remain a virgin , in order to preserve the throne he had usurped from her father . Through divine intervention , the rightful line was restored when Rhea Silvia was impregnated by the god Mars . She gave birth to twins , who were duly exposed by order of the king but saved through a series of miraculous events .",
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              "question": "Who is Romulus and Romulus' mother?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Rhea Silvia",
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              "original_question": "Who was the mother of Romulus and Remus?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4601_s",
          "context": "The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes -LRB- through French -RRB- . Maurus Servius Honoratus , says in his commentary -LRB- A. X 13 -RRB- that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts . The term may be common to Italo-Celtic , because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp .",
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              "id": "56f82596aef2371900625e2e_s",
              "question": "Who says all the mountains are called celten Alps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maurus Servius Honoratus",
                  "answer_start": 80
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17380_s",
          "context": "Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, \"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County\". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a \"Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story\". The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared, unattributed to Twain, in a Professor Sidgwick’s Greek Prose Composition (p. 116) under the title, \"The Athenian and the Frog\"; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's \"Jumping Frog\" story.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e6_s",
              "question": "When was Twain's comparison published?",
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                  "text": "1903",
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              "original_question": "When was Twain's back-translation published?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6870_s",
          "context": ", parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole . , who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return , went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931 . In addition -- February 1909 , the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains -LRB- via the Beardmore Glacier -RRB- , and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau . One month later .",
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              "id": "570d9c48df2f5219002ed02d_s",
              "question": "Who climbed Mount Erebus for the first time?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Edgeworth David",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6716_s",
          "context": "ASCII developed from telegraphic codes . Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services . , with the first meeting of the American Standards Association 's -LRB- ASA -RRB- X3 .2 subcommittee . The first edition of the standard was published during 1963 . Compared to earlier telegraph codes , the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting -LRB- i.e. , alphabetization -RRB- of lists , and added features for devices other than teleprinters .",
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              "question": "When was the first issue of the standard published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1963",
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              "original_question": "When was the first edition of the standard published?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18448_s",
          "context": ". For example . An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice . , Myanmar . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "id": "57323009e17f3d14004226f9_s",
              "question": "Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "on an island near Venice",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?"
            }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17570_s",
          "context": "In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation . In 2012 , Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management -LRB- IWRM -RRB- Project and the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change -LRB- PACC -RRB- Project , which are sponsored by the Global Environment Fund/SOPAC . , cleaning , community and cultural activities .",
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              "id": "573136bb497a881900248c55_s",
              "question": "When did the United Nations ask Tuvalu to come up with a plan to improve drinking water?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "July 2012",
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              "original_question": "When did the UN ask Tuvalu to come up with a plan to improve drinking water?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6425_s",
          "context": "The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When will the Elizabeth II warship be in service?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2020",
                  "answer_start": 411
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              "original_question": "When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4913_s",
          "context": "By the time of John Seller 's Atlas Maritima of 1670 , `` India Beyond the Ganges '' had become `` the East Indies '' including China , Korea , southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy 's . That `` east '' in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis , `` the land of the rising sun , '' used since Roman times for `` east . '' , shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies .",
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              "id": "56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06ac_s",
              "question": "When are John sailor and Atlas maritima together?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1670",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3450_s",
          "context": ", that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers . , whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca . Their speech was known as patuet . By 1911 , the number of Catalan speakers was around 100,000 . , almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia -LRB- as Pieds-Noirs -RRB- or Alacant .",
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              "question": "Where do the immigrants from Algiers come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Northern Catalonia and Minorca",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Algiers immigrants come from?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-655_s",
          "context": "Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents.",
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              "question": "Where is the clothing industry more prominent?",
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                  "text": "Brooklyn",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
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              "original_question": "In what borough is the garment business prominent?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "In 2002 , attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region . He based his study on statistical correlation . , though few studies point to a specific date and time .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d672d21c8504140094712a_s",
              "question": "When did Chen Xuezhong publish the earthquake research report?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Chen Xuezhong publish an earthquake study?"
            }
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          "context": "In 1682, William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants. It became a prime destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration and surpassed two million occupants by 1950.",
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            "william penn"
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            {
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              "question": "Who founded Philadelphia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Penn",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
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              "original_question": "Who founded Philadelphia?"
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    },
    {
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          "context": "Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine . Its original name Honovere may mean `` high -LRB- river -RRB- bank '' , though this is debated -LRB- cf. das Hohe Ufer -RRB- . Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads . As overland travel was relatively difficult , its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade . , so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it . , their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where was Hanover first established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "east bank of the River Leine",
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              "original_question": "Where was Hanover originally founded?"
            }
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          "context": "According to the New Jersey Press Association , several media entities refrain from using the term `` ultra-Orthodox '' , including the Religion Newswriters Association ; JTA , the global Jewish news service ; and the Star-Ledger . The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop the term . Several local Jewish papers . According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer , spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week , this leaves `` Orthodox '' as `` an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the temple Israeli community center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cliffside Park",
                  "answer_start": 426
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Temple Israel Community Center located?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "-- 88 AD -RRB- reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house . Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans . , Emperor He -LRB- r. 88 -- 105 AD -RRB- had Empress Dowager Dou -LRB- d. 97 AD -RRB- put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power . This was in revenge for Dou 's purging of the clan of his natural mother -- and then concealing her identity from him . After Emperor He 's death .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who concealed his mother's identity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Empress Dowager Dou",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who concealed the identity of Emperor He's mother?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18719_s",
          "context": "In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as a potentially undesirable foreign import. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was \"perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution.\" Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached \"the greatest degree of perfection\" in his estimation.",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Western Indian businessmen set up a police force in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1797",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5642_s",
          "context": "Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the pioneer of science?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen",
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              "original_question": "Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7947_s",
          "context": "Like most parts of the United States , government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives -LRB- allowing citizens to pass or reject laws -RRB- , referenda -LRB- allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed -RRB- , and propositions -LRB- allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people -RRB- . Federally , Seattle is part of Washington 's 7th congressional district , represented by Democrat Jim McDermott , elected in 1988 and one of Congress 's liberal members .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was McDermott elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 502
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was McDermott elected to office?"
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    {
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          "context": "The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany , which became the Soviet zone of occupation . , the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems . The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev . He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s . After the war , he became the USSR 's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer . His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War , and he was identified publicly only as `` the Chief Designer . '' In the West , his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966 .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of the Soviet missile engineering team to Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sergei Korolev",
                  "answer_start": 294
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany?"
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          "context": "Larry Christenson , a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro , California , did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans . A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis . Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influential ; especially `` Hosanna ! '' in Lakeville , and North Heights in St. Paul . The next generation of Lutheran charismatics cluster around the Alliance of Renewal Churches . , played a major role of the Lutheran understanding to the charismatic movement .",
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              "question": "Who helped the Lutheran Church understand the glamour movement of the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Larry Christenson",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "original_question": "Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s?"
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          "context": ", the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms , apparel , equipment . This contract , worth almost $ 100 million , is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA . The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports . The band , which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States , was honored by the National Music Council as a `` Landmark of American Music '' during the United States Bicentennial . , which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell . According to College Fight Songs .",
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              "question": "When was Notre Dame's military band formed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1846",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Notre Dame marching band form?"
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          "context": ". The first version was ready in 1974/5 , and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record -LRB- some of which is optional -RRB- did not have to be stored in a single large `` chunk '' . , by which time a standardized query language -- SQL -LSB- citation needed -RSB- -- had been added . Codd 's ideas were establishing themselves as both workable and superior to CODASYL , pushing IBM to develop a true production version of System R , known as SQL/DS , and , later , Database 2 -LRB- DB2 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When was the IBM System released?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was IBM's system released?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13452_s",
          "context": "The town 's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests . The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673 , an English merchant captain . , and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour . With only twenty-three men . The English government planned to expand these fortifications -LRB- Fort William -RRB- in around 1689 , but actual construction did n't begin until after the French admiral Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captured and destroyed the town in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign -LRB- 1696 -RRB- . When 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697 they found nothing but rubble where the town and fortifications had stood .",
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              "question": "Who destroyed Williamsburg in 1696?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Le Moyne",
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              "original_question": "Who destroyed Fort William in 1696?"
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          "context": "-- 1955 -RRB- . It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings , letters and papers , memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members . Like the Tribhuvan Museum , it includes his personal belongings such as decorations , stamps , coins and personal notes and manuscripts , but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber . The Hanumandhoka Palace , contains three separate museums of historic importance . These museums include the Birendra museum , which contains items related to the second-last monarch , Birendra of Nepal .",
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              "question": "When did Tribune die?",
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              "original_question": "When did Tribhuvan die?"
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          "context": "The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort. France and Austria agreed to an armistice immediately and the Treaty of Pressburg followed shortly after on 26 December. Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition while reinforcing the earlier treaties of Campo Formio and of Lunéville between the two powers. The treaty confirmed the Austrian loss of lands to France in Italy and Bavaria, and lands in Germany to Napoleon's German allies. It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Napoleon went on to say, \"The battle of Austerlitz is the finest of all I have fought.\" Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\". Vincent Cronin disagrees, stating that Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself, \"he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen\".",
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              "question": "When did presburg sign the treaty?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "26 December",
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                }
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              "original_question": "On what date was the Treaty of Pressburg signed?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17727_s",
          "context": ", using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat 's - whisker detector . Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927 . His research was distributed in Soviet , German and British scientific journals , but no practical use was made of the discovery for several decades . , explained these first light-emitting diodes in 1951 using an apparatus employing SiC crystals with a current source of battery or pulse generator and with a comparison to a variant , pure , crystal in 1953 .",
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              "question": "Who was the Soviet who created the first leader?",
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                  "text": "Oleg Losev",
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              "original_question": "Who is the Soviet man that created the first LED?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "It includes the entire Old Town , and many sites within and around it . Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland , the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers , which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town , which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland . Within the Old Town , there are eleven 16th century fountains , most attributed to Hans Gieng , that are on the list .",
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              "question": "Who is the owner of well 11 in the old city?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hans Gieng",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is attributed to the 11 fountains in Old Town?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15014_s",
          "context": ". However , Droney was re-elected and his health improved ; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry . Kerry thus decided to leave , departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm . Kerry also worked as a commentator for WCVB-TV and co-founded a bakery , Kilvert & Forbes Ltd. , with businessman and former Kennedy aide K. Dun Gifford .",
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              "question": "When did Kerry leave the prosecutor's office?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1979",
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              "original_question": "When did Kerry leave the DA's office?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9702_s",
          "context": "In 1982 , the band released the album Hot Space , a departure from their trademark seventies sound , this time being a mixture of rock , pop rock , dance , funk , and R&B . Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band 's history , and Taylor and May lamented the new sound , with both being very critical of the influence Mercury 's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer . May was also scathing of Prenter , who was Mercury 's manager from the early 1980s to 1984 , for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations , and their vital connection between the artist and the community , and for denying them access to Mercury . , as their success there had waned , although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live . Queen left Elektra Records , and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records .",
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              "question": "Where was the Queen's 1982 album recorded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Munich",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
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              "original_question": "Where did Queen record their 1982 album? "
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          "context": "Instead , the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council . Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor . A recent example when assent was refused -LRB- or , more correctly , concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark . -LRB- A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent . -RRB- In 2011 , campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent . An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent .",
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              "question": "When did parliament pass a decision setting new rules for the examination of petitions against Royal consent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "13 July 2011",
                  "answer_start": 566
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was an Order in Counil passed that laid out new rules for consideration of petitions against the royal assent?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media . The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network , founded in 1971 . WNET is the city 's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service -LRB- PBS -RRB- television programming . WNYC , has the largest public radio audience in the United States .",
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              "question": "When did Manhattan Community Network start?",
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                  "text": "1971",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin?"
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          "context": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland , both owned by members of Stirling 's family . She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship , and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so . , but such bores '' , and responding to a rumour about his involvement , answered that he was `` closer to the grave than the nuptial bed . '' . In late October 1848 , he wrote out his last will and testament -- `` a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future , if I should drop dead somewhere '' , he wrote to Grzymała .",
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              "question": "Where was Chopin invited at the end of summer?",
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                  "text": "Scotland",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where was Chopin invited to in late summer?"
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    {
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          "context": "Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.",
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              "question": "When was patient elected?",
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                  "text": "1971",
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              "original_question": "When was Patience Latting elected?"
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        {
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          "context": "Everton have a large fanbase , with the eighth highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008 -- 09 season . Everton also have many supporters ' clubs worldwide . The official supporters club is FOREVERTON , which are sold around Goodison Park on match days .",
          "c_entity": [
            "north wales",
            "england",
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            "harbour",
            "indonesia",
            "goodison park",
            "america",
            "lebanon",
            "australia",
            "singapore",
            "manchester",
            "ireland",
            "cheshire",
            "liverpool",
            "merseyside"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a84d84103511400d597fb_s",
              "question": "Where can you find fans for sale on Everton match day?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Goodison Park",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where can you find fanzines sold on Everton match days?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2404_s",
          "context": "Plymouth railway station , which opened in 1877 , is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network . Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line . , due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west , which affect Plymouth greatly . Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1877",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a4f_s",
              "question": "When did Plymouth start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1877",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Plymouth's railroad station open for service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1312_s",
          "context": "A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show . Many figures from the show 's past , made an appearance .",
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            "paula abdul",
            "simon cowell"
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            {
              "id": "56db2703e7c41114004b4e2b_s",
              "question": "Who has special respect in the final?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Cowell",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had a special tribute at the finale?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6457_s",
          "context": "In 1967 . New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT , which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president .",
          "c_entity": [
            "federal railroad administration",
            "secretary of transportation",
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            "federal aviation administration",
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            "federal aviation agency",
            "coast guard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9676d058f1900183051_s",
              "question": "Who approves the new programme and budget aspirations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DOT",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who approves new programs and budget requests?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17841_s",
          "context": "Hong Taiji 's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese , including many newly surrendered Ming officials . The Manchus ' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments . Hong Taiji 's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects . , those with less than 5 to 7 sin were treated like chattel while those with more than that amount were rewarded with property . Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in 1623 , Nurhachi , who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong , turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted ; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them , while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurchen -LRB- in Jilin -RRB- before 1619 be treated equally as Jurchens were and not like the conquered Han in Liaodong . Hong Taiji instead incorporated them into the Jurchen `` nation '' as full -LRB- if not first-class -RRB- citizens , obligated to provide military service . By 1648 , less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry . This change of policy not only increased Hong Taiji 's manpower and reduced his military dependence on banners not under his personal control . Through these and other measures Hong Taiji was able to centralize power unto the office of the Khan , which in the long run prevented the Jurchen federation from fragmenting after his death .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57312a3b05b4da19006bce10_s",
              "question": "Who took the newly conquered Ming officials back to his government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hong Taiji",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who included newly conquered Ming officials in his government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18818_s",
          "context": "Shooting as practised in Britain , as opposed to traditional hunting , requires little questing for game -- around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year , some having been factory farmed . Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns . When in position , `` beaters '' move through the areas of cover , swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out . Such events are often called `` drives '' . The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August , the so-called Glorious Twelfth .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573605726c16ec1900b92904_s",
              "question": "When does the open season of grouse begin in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "12 August",
                  "answer_start": 540
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1040_s",
          "context": "West 's life took a different direction when his mother , died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007 . Months later , West and fiancée Alexis Phifer ended their engagement and their long-term intermittent relationship , which had begun in 2002 . The events profoundly affected West , who set off for his 2008 Glow in the Dark Tour shortly thereafter . Purportedly because his emotions could not be conveyed through rapping , West decided to sing using the voice audio processor Auto-Tune , which would become a central part of his next effort . West had previously experimented with the technology on his debut album The College Dropout for the background vocals of `` Jesus Walks '' and `` Never Let Me Down . '' Recorded mostly in Honolulu , Hawaii in three weeks , West announced his fourth album , 808s & Heartbreak , at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards , where he performed its lead single , `` Love Lockdown '' . Music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of Auto-Tune , which typified the pre-release response to the record .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "donda west"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf694f4df3c31400b0d750_s",
              "question": "Who did Kanye end his long-term relationship with after losing his mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexis Phifer",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Following the loss of his mother, who did Kanye end his long-term relationship with?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2536_s",
          "context": ", 1961 . Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit , astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth , on February 20 , 1962 . His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft , and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean , after a tense reentry , due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield . As the first American in orbit , Glenn became a national hero , and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City . On February 23 , 1962 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f4db7aa994140058e811_s",
              "question": "Who was the first American to travel around the earth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Glenn",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first American to orbit around the planet was whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13808_s",
          "context": ". According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa -LRB- Latin , mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel , help ! '' / `` Thor , help ! '' -LRB- Taara a -LRB- v -RRB- ita in Estonian -RRB- or `` Taara keeper '' / `` Thor keeper '' -LRB- Taara pidaja -RRB- Taara is associated with the Scandinavian god Thor .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572846033acd2414000df845_s",
              "question": "Where was tarapita born in his legend?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on a forested mountain in Virumaa",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Tharapita born in his legend story?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2680_s",
          "context": "The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism . The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי -LRB- Notzri -- `` Nazarene '' -RRB- , a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth , today in northern Israel . Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים -LRB- Yehudim Meshihi'im -- `` Messianic Jews '' -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7c_s",
              "question": "Where is Nazareth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northern Israel",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Nazareth located?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9543_s",
          "context": ", as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns , a character from The Simpsons television show . , The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Icelandic Flock . The TV show Gilmore Girls is set -LRB- but not filmed -RRB- in New Haven and at Yale University , as are scenes in the film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 -LRB- 2008 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nick carraway",
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              "id": "5727ed00ff5b5019007d98a3_s",
              "question": "Who is a fictional graduate of Yale University who is said to have been a new haven resident in the Simpsons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "C. Montgomery Burns",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the fictional Yale University alumnus, and ostensible former resident of New Haven, featured on The Simpsons? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12504_s",
          "context": "From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems . Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding . For example , despite significant increases in population over that period .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a68c3acd2414000de8e0_s",
              "question": "When did the donation based party start to get into trouble?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "second half of the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15111_s",
          "context": "A generation later , the Irish Anglican bishop , George Berkeley -LRB- 1685 -- 1753 -RRB- . , he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge -LRB- 1710 -RRB- an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived , or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving . -LRB- For Berkeley , God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it . -RRB- , Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God . Berkeley 's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism .",
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            {
              "id": "572b3577f75d5e190021fd10_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"the treatment of the principles of human knowledge\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Berkeley",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9539_s",
          "context": ", on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension . As of late 2009 , a Pfizer drug-testing clinic , a medical laboratory building serving Yale -- New Haven Hospital , and a mixed-use structure containing parking , housing and office space , have been constructed on this corridor . A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space , and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572bc198be1ee31400cb8495_s",
              "question": "When did the first building of the second biotechnology zone open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 2009",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the opening of first building in the second biotech district?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3840_s",
          "context": ". The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade . The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship , including the opening game and the final of the tournament .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8909199e8941900975e96_s",
              "question": "Where are they playing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "PostFinance Arena",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do they play?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . Disraeli 's ministry only lasted a matter of months , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e05c0dadf01500fa1f67_s",
              "question": "Who took over after Derby resigned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benjamin Disraeli",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Derby after his resignation?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15380_s",
          "context": "From childhood , Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya ; his nation was occupied by Italy , and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops . According to later claims , Gaddafi 's paternal grandfather , Abdessalam Bouminyar , was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911 . At World War II 's end in 1945 , Libya was occupied by British and French forces . Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires . In 1951 , a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch , who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf47_s",
              "question": "Who is Gaddafi's father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abdessalam Bouminyar",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Gaddafi's father's father?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2176_s",
          "context": "The Human Development Index -LRB- HDI -RRB- is a composite statistic of life expectancy , education , and income per capita indicators , which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development . A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer , the education period is longer , and the income per capita is higher . The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq , often framed in terms of whether people are able to `` be '' and `` do '' desirable things in their life .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mahbub ul haq",
            "united nations development programme"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2c7c4396321400ee2628_s",
              "question": "Who developed HDI?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mahbub ul Haq",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the HDI?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11195_s",
          "context": "In August 1855 a Franco-British naval force captured and destroyed the Russian Bomarsund fortress on Åland Islands . In the same month . More than 1000 enemy guns tested the strength of the fortress for two days . Despite the shelling , the sailors of the 120-gun ship Rossiya , led by Captain Viktor Poplonsky , defended the entrance to the harbor . The Allies fired over 20,000 shells but failed to defeat the Russian batteries . A massive new fleet of more than 350 gunboats and mortar vessels was prepared -LSB- by whom ? -RSB- , but before the attack was launched , the war ended .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572714e2dd62a815002e98c7_s",
              "question": "Where is the Russian fort of bomasend?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Åland Islands",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Russian Bomarsund fortress at?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4936_s",
          "context": "The threat that caused Gordon, diplomat and military officer, to publish the article was resumption of work on a railway from Russia to the Persian Gulf. Gordon, a published author, had not used the term previously, but he was to use it from then on.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f8f72e9e9bad19000a0788_s",
              "question": "Who are diplomats and officers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a diplomat and military officer?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13239_s",
          "context": ", is known for his struggles in defending his kingdom against the Ghaznavids in the modern-day eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan region . Sebuk Tigin , however , defeated him , and he was forced to pay an indemnity . , lost control of the entire region between the Kabul Valley and Indus River .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "mahmud",
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            {
              "id": "5728939a2ca10214002da484_s",
              "question": "Who defeated jayapala and demanded compensation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sebuk Tigin",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Jayapala and required an indemnity payment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": "; he was 82 years old . In 1894 , without consulting the outgoing prime minister . His government was weak , and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him . Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria 's reign .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57258041cc50291900b28542_s",
              "question": "Who will succeed Lord rosberry as Prime Minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4347_s",
          "context": "Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. \"a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty\".",
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              "id": "56f719c23d8e2e1400e37352_s",
              "question": "When must reservations be included in the contract?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "at the time of signing or ratification",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When must reservations be included in a treaty?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6155_s",
          "context": "Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today. Alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was a later addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a6d794103511400d596ea_s",
              "question": "Where does abbess Hildegard live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bingen",
                  "answer_start": 562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Abbess Hildegard live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8651_s",
          "context": "The University of the Republic is the country 's largest and most important university , with a student body of 81,774 . It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo , where most of its buildings and facilities are still located . The university houses 14 faculties -LRB- departments -RRB- and various institutes and schools . Many eminent Uruguayans have graduated from this university , including Carlos Vaz Ferreira , José Luis Massera , Gabriel Paternain , Mario Wschebor , Roman Fresnedo Siri , Carlos Ott and Eladio Dieste",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "18 july 1849",
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e1ec89a1e219009ac02a_s",
              "question": "When was the University of the Republic founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 July 1849",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the University of the Republic founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10642_s",
          "context": "The assertion that the Cubist depiction of space , mass , time , and volume supports -LRB- rather than contradicts -RRB- the flatness of the canvas was made by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler as early as 1920 , but it was subject to criticism in the 1950s and 1960s . Contemporary views of Cubism are complex , formed to some extent in response to the `` Salle 41 '' Cubists . Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed . Wider views of Cubism include artists who were later associated with the `` Salle 41 '' artists , e.g. . More fundamentally . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "jacques lipchitz",
            "auguste herbin",
            "maría blanchard",
            "léger",
            "douglas cooper",
            "gino severini",
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            "marcel duchamp",
            "clement greenberg",
            "christopher green",
            "františek kupka",
            "roger de la fresnaye",
            "jacques villon",
            "diego rivera",
            "louis marcoussis",
            "léopold survage",
            "georges valmier",
            "henri laurens",
            "raymond duchamp-villon",
            "picasso",
            "joseph csaky",
            "andré lhote",
            "puteaux group",
            "daniel-henry kahnweiler",
            "braque",
            "francis picabia",
            "alexander archipenko"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269560dd62a815002e8a58_s",
              "question": "Who says tablets support Cubism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who asserted that the flat canvas supported Cubism? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4425_s",
          "context": "Tito visited India from December 22 , 1954 through January 8 , 1955 . After his return .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
            "yugoslavia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9e_s",
              "question": "Where did Tito return from and lift many restrictions on the Yugoslav church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "India",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2951_s",
          "context": "At the age of 19 , he wrote a report on his work and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis . Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany , The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bell",
            "hermann von helmholtz",
            "alexander ellis",
            "henry higgins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df80625ca0a614008f9b81_s",
              "question": "Who reads Bell's work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander Ellis",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Bell get to read his work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11945_s",
          "context": "On 20 June 1995 . More than 20,000 Southern Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta . The resolution declared that messengers , as SBC delegates are called , `` unwaveringly denounce racism , in all its forms , as deplorable sin '' and `` lament and repudiate historic acts of evil such as slavery from which we continue to reap a bitter harvest . '' It offered an apology to all African-Americans for `` condoning and/or perpetuating individual and systemic racism in our lifetime '' and repentance for `` racism of which we have been guilty , whether consciously or unconsciously . '' , this was the first time the predominantly white convention had dealt specifically with the issue of slavery .",
          "c_entity": [
            "20 june 1995",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e3d54b864d1900163f5e_s",
              "question": "When did the Southern Baptist Church decide to adopt a resolution against its racist roots?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20 June 1995",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7474_s",
          "context": "The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the \"order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy\", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order.",
          "c_entity": [
            "4 june 1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e68670dc6ce1900205033_s",
              "question": "When was the hierarchy of British constitutional monarchy established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "4 June 1917",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-586_s",
          "context": ". The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1626",
            "1624",
            "1790",
            "1785",
            "early 20th centuries",
            "1664"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf9df0234ae51400d9be27_s",
              "question": "When did the British occupy New York City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1664",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-821_s",
          "context": ". The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race , where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres -LRB- 1,877 mi -RRB- across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide . In 1987 , when it was founded . The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
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            "1987",
            "hour"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d0880f234ae51400d9c351_s",
              "question": "When did the World Solar Challenge begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The World Solar Challenge started?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4423_s",
          "context": "Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries . Tito 's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently , the Eastern Bloc . His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides . Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "tito"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c81_s",
              "question": "Who had a strong belief in self-determination and therefore opposed Stalin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11169_s",
          "context": "Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war.",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicholas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e9415951b619008f8234_s",
              "question": "Who thought Austria would be on his side because of the Hungarian Revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6785_s",
          "context": "The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s . The bureau has participated to varying degrees , which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development , to providing consultation on operations and closed cases . A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI on television are the 1993-2002 series The X-Files , which is patterned after the FBI Counterterrorism Division . The 1991 movie Point Break is based on the true story of an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated a gang of bank robbers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ctu",
            "joseph d. pistone",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c347e6b8089140040fc39_s",
              "question": "Who is the basis of the movie's turning point?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "undercover FBI agent",
                  "answer_start": 497
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the movie Point Break Based on?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15528_s",
          "context": "His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan , about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller -LRB- Tom Hanks -RRB- sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours , June 5 -- 6 , of the Normandy landing . The film was a huge box office success . The film 's graphic , realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates . Later . The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys .",
          "c_entity": [
            "stephen ambrose",
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            "ryan",
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            "miller"
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            {
              "id": "5731939a497a881900249061_s",
              "question": "Who plays Tom Hanks in Saving Private Ryan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Capt. Miller",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Tom Hanks play in 'Saving Private Ryan'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3143_s",
          "context": "Saint Helena has the international calling code +290 which , Tristan da Cunha shares . Saint Helena telephone numbers changed from 4 to 5 digits on 1 October 2013 by being prefixed with the digit `` 2 '' , i.e. 2xxxx , with the range 5xxxx being reserved for mobile numbering , and 8xxx being used for Tristan da Cunha numbers -LRB- these still shown as 4 digits -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006",
            "1 october 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e08070231d4119001ac202_s",
              "question": "When did St. Helena change her phone number?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1 October 2013",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Saint Helena change the amount of digits in their phone numbers?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14396_s",
          "context": "Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai 's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern , western-style , conscripted army in 1873 . Samurai became Shizoku -LRB- 士族 -RRB- who retained some of their salaries , but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect . , their powers , and their ability to shape the government of Japan . However , the rule of the state by the military class was not yet over . In defining how a modern Japan should be , members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany , basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige . Samurai were not a political force under the new order . , the samurai class was abolished , and a western-style national army was established . The Imperial Japanese Armies were conscripted , but many samurai volunteered as soldiers , and many advanced to be trained as officers . Much of the Imperial Army officer class was of samurai origin , and were highly motivated , disciplined , and exceptionally trained .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f2282ca10214002dab01_s",
              "question": "When was the Western army established in Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a western-style army established in Japan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16947_s",
          "context": "With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island , at sea , and in the sky . Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal . Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft . Meanwhile , Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field , in which they suffered appalling casualties . To sustain these offensives , resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys , termed the `` Tokyo Express '' by the Allies . However , the Allies were much better able to replace these losses . Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue , the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943 . , the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 1943",
            "night",
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            "the following six months",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57320f73e99e3014001e64ac_s",
              "question": "When will the Japanese stop conquering the Henderson stadium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1943",
                  "answer_start": 871
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Japanese give up trying to recapture Henderson Field?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17449_s",
          "context": "The last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great . , and Mstislav 's successor Yaropolk II of Kiev instead of focussing on the external threat of the Cumans was embroiled in conflicts with the growing power of the Novgorod Republic . In 1169 , as the Kievan Rus ' state was full of internal conflict , Andrei Bogolyubsky of Vladimir sacked the city of Kiev . The sack of the city fundamentally changed the perception of Kiev and was evidence of the fragmentation of the Kievan Rus ' . , the Kievan state became even further fragmented and had been divided into roughly twelve different principalities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the end of the 12th century",
            "1132",
            "1169"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731365ea5e9cc1400cdbcec_s",
              "question": "When did tislav die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1169",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Mstislav die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9983_s",
          "context": "Madonna 's look and style of dressing , her performances , and her music videos influenced young girls and women . Created by stylist and jewelry designer Maripol , the look consisted of lace tops , skirts over capri pants , fishnet stockings , jewelry bearing the crucifix , bracelets , and bleached hair . Madonna achieved global recognition after the release of her second studio album , Like a Virgin , in November 1984 . It topped the charts in several countries and became her first number one album on the Billboard 200 . The title track , `` Like a Virgin '' . It attracted the attention of organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values , and moralists sought to have the song and video banned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
            "november 1984",
            "weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269c15dd62a815002e8b0b_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna get worldwide recognition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1984",
                  "answer_start": 410
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna achieve global recognition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9456_s",
          "context": "In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1866"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57294d87af94a219006aa277_s",
              "question": "When did Austria and Prussia fight?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1866",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Austria and Prussia go to war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18680_s",
          "context": "Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs , interests , and abilities . , non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history . The Cult of Reason -LRB- French : Culte de la Raison -RRB- was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert , Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters . In 1793 during the French Revolution , the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a `` Temple to Reason '' and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars . , Auguste Comte , the Father of Sociology , founded Positivism , a `` religion of humanity '' . This early group was democratically organised , with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences , philosophy , and the arts . The movement 's founder , Felix Adler , a former member of the Free Religious Association , conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions . Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people 's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1793",
            "1853",
            "the 1850s",
            "1876",
            "early 20th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573287a106a3a419008acad2_s",
              "question": "When was the religious state of Notre Dame replaced by the symbol of humanism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1793",
                  "answer_start": 449
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what time was a religious state replaced in the Notre Dame cathedral with a symbol of Humanism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-308_s",
          "context": ", so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty -LRB- 1271 -- 1368 -RRB- . Van Praag writes that this conquest `` marked the end of independent China , '' which was then incorporated into the Yuan dynasty that ruled China , Tibet . Morris Rossabi , a professor of Asian history at Queens College , City University of New York , writes that `` Khubilai wished to be perceived both as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China . Though he had , by the early 1260s , become closely identified with China , he still , for a time , claimed universal rule '' , Khubilai was unable to have himself accepted as the Great Khan '' . Thus , with such limited acceptance of his position as Great Khan , Kublai Khan increasingly became identified with China and sought support as Emperor of China .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongolia",
            "korea",
            "south",
            "upper",
            "china",
            "siberia",
            "burma"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc52186d243a140015ef04_s",
              "question": "Where did chubilai seek the emperor's support?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "China",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Khubilai seek support as Emperor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5310_s",
          "context": "The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi , the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC . , an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi , introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language , with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text , which deals with matters of morphology , syntax and semantics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pāṇini",
            "shiva sutras"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc30d800a8df19004037e2_s",
              "question": "Who created ashtardehei first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pāṇini",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first composed the Ashtadhyayi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-231_s",
          "context": ", while still a student , visited Berlin with a family friend , zoologist Feliks Jarocki . On an 1829 return trip to Berlin -- himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist . , he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano , Op. 3 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wanda",
            "carl friedrich zelter",
            "gaspare spontini",
            "felix mendelssohn",
            "feliks jarocki",
            "antoni radziwiłł",
            "chopin",
            "posen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbeb396d243a140015ede8_s",
              "question": "Who did frdouble233; d2333 visit? Who was he with in September 1828?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Feliks Jarocki",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1467_s",
          "context": ", Sir Steve Redgrave , who started the relay , mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could `` see why they would like to make an issue '' of it . Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan refused to carry the torch . The pro-Tibetan Member of Parliament Norman Baker asked all bearers to reconsider . Amid pressure from both directions . '' Protests began as soon as Redgrave started the event , leading to at least thirty-five arrests . In Ladbroke Grove a demonstrator attempted to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq in a momentary struggle , and in a separate incident , a fire extinguisher was set off near the torch . , more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs , banners and Chinese flags . , displaying the Olympic slogan `` One World , One Dream '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beijing",
            "chinatown",
            "ladbroke grove",
            "downing street",
            "trafalgar square",
            "fleet street",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4ce1_s",
              "question": "Where did you take the torch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ladbroke Grove",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was an attempt made to take the torch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7913_s",
          "context": "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001 , when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities . , 720 , 727 , and 757 were assembled , and the 737 is assembled today -RRB- and Everett wide-body plant -LRB- assembly plant for the 747 , 767 , 777 , and 787 -RRB- . The company 's credit union for employees , BECU , remains based in the Seattle area .",
          "c_entity": [
            "renton",
            "seattle",
            "washington",
            "chicago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719d2674faf5e1900b8a80c_s",
              "question": "Where was Boeing before 2001?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seattle",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Before 2001, where was Boeing headquartered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14684_s",
          "context": ". However , the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany -LRB- the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany -RRB- . Following Nazi Germany 's defeat in World War II in 1945 , war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin 's insistence between the Soviet Union -LRB- the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR -RRB- and the People 's Republic of Poland -LRB- the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship -RRB- . The German population of the province was largely evacuated during the war or expelled shortly thereafter in the expulsion of Germans after World War II . An estimated 300,000 -LRB- around one fifth of the population -RRB- died either in war time bombings raids or in the battles to defend the province . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1923",
            "1871",
            "1945",
            "1946"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a17261d04691400779761_s",
              "question": "When did the Nazis fall in the second world war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10901_s",
          "context": "In 1824 , which , by manually turning switches on and off , Walter Baily demonstrated in 1879 as in effect the first primitive induction motor . In the 1880s . , a working motor model having been demonstrated by the former in 1885 and by the latter in 1887 . In 1888 . '' In 1888 : one with a four-pole rotor forming a non-self-starting reluctance motor , another with a wound rotor forming a self-starting induction motor , and the third a true synchronous motor with separately excited DC supply to rotor winding . , however , also described a shorted-winding-rotor induction motor . , Colorado in 1891 . Steadfast in his promotion of three-phase development . This type of motor is now used for the vast majority of commercial applications . However , which prompted him to persist in his three-phase work . By 1896 , later called the squirrel-cage rotor . Induction motor improvements flowing from these inventions and innovations were such that a 100 horsepower -LRB- HP -RRB- induction motor currently has the same mounting dimensions as a 7.5 HP motor in 1897 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "mikhail dolivo-dobrovolsky",
            "françois arago",
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            "george westinghouse",
            "walter baily",
            "nikola tesla",
            "galileo ferraris",
            "royal academy of science of turin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a9a8f1498d1400e8e672_s",
              "question": "Who made the first induction engine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Walter Baily",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the first induction motor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5023_s",
          "context": "In April 2008 , so they can fly by 2010 : QinetiQ will downgrade the Chinooks -- stripping out some of their more advanced equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "boeing",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158e_s",
              "question": "Who put down the Chinook?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "QinetiQ",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is downgrading the Chinook helicopters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8038_s",
          "context": "The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources . The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s . Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine , analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium , by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner , who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams , Morpheus . By the late 1880s , German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from coal tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis . The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances , and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "hoffman-la roche",
            "pfizer",
            "glaxo smith kline",
            "friedrich sertürner",
            "eli lilly and upjohn",
            "abbott laboratories",
            "merck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571cf63f5efbb31900334e5e_s",
              "question": "Who found morphine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Sertürner",
                  "answer_start": 429
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered morphine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4936_s",
          "context": "The threat that caused Gordon, diplomat and military officer, to publish the article was resumption of work on a railway from Russia to the Persian Gulf. Gordon, a published author, had not used the term previously, but he was to use it from then on.",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f72e9e9bad19000a0789_s",
              "question": "Who hasn't used the word Middle East in publications before?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had not used the term middle east previously in publications?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-222_s",
          "context": ", 46 kilometres -LRB- 29 miles -RRB- west of Warsaw , in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw , a Polish state established by Napoleon . The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810 . However , the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March , -LSB- n 2 -RSB- which is now generally accepted as the correct date .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon",
            "fridericus franciscus",
            "fryderyk chopin",
            "franciszek"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce1225aab44d1400b88431_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the establishment of the Principality of Warsaw?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5419_s",
          "context": "American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, \"In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid.\" Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706602375f01819005e7b8b_s",
              "question": "Where did they go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sudan",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were they?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5350_s",
          "context": "Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c1d_s",
              "question": "Who invented the relay computer Z2?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Konrad Zuse",
                  "answer_start": 294
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the relay computer, the Z2?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14256_s",
          "context": "Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus -LRB- / ækˈtaɪ.əkəs / ak-TY-ə-kəs ; Ἄκτιακός , literally `` Actian '' -RRB- / dɛlˈfɪniəs / del-FIN-ee-əs ; Δελφίνιος , literally `` Delphic '' -RRB- , and Pythius -LRB- / ˈpɪθiəs / PITH-ee-əs ; Πύθιος , from Πυθώ , Pythō , the area around Delphi -RRB- , two of his principal places of worship . An etiology in the Homeric hymns associated the epithet `` Delphinius '' with dolphins . He was worshipped as Acraephius -LRB- / əˈkriːfiəs / ə-KREE-fee-əs ; Ἀκραιφιος , -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- Akraiphios , literally `` Acraephian '' -RRB- or Acraephiaeus -LRB- / əˌkriːfiˈiːəs / ə-KREE-fee-EE-əs ; Ἀκραιφιαίος , literally `` Acraephian '' -RRB- in the Boeotian town of Acraephia -LRB- Ἀκραιφία -RRB- , reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus ; and as Smintheus -LRB- / ˈsmɪnθjuːs / SMIN-thews ; Σμινθεύς , `` Sminthian '' -- that is , `` of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe '' -RRB- near the Troad town of Hamaxitus . The epithet `` Smintheus '' has historically been confused with σμίνθος , `` mouse '' , in association with Apollo 's role as a god of disease . For this he was also known as Parnopius -LRB- / pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs / par-NOH-pee-əs ; Παρνόπιος , from πάρνοψ , `` locust '' -RRB- and to the Romans as Culicarius -LRB- / ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs / KEW-li-KARR-ee-əs ; from Latin culicārius , `` of midges '' -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b9362ca10214002da677_s",
              "question": "Who is Apollo's son?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Acraepheus",
                  "answer_start": 770
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Apollo's son?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5347_s",
          "context": "The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing , who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper , On Computable Numbers . He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm . He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable : in general , it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdda6219033b140034cd8f_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the paper \"about numbers\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Turing",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the paper \"On Computable Numbers\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6206_s",
          "context": ". As a result of a movement earlier in the decade , many politicians donated funds to establish the college . It was also supported by Prince Albert , who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benjamin disraeli",
            "wilhelm von hofmann",
            "royal college of chemistry",
            "william gladstone",
            "robert peel"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709d00a6d058f1900182bba_s",
              "question": "Who is the first professor of the Royal College of chemistry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August Wilhelm von Hofmann",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first professor of the Royal College of Chemistry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5027_s",
          "context": ". The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937 . , variants of which were also used by a number of other countries . , but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable . The 405-line system adopted the -LRB- at that time -RRB- revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate . The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth , an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "february 1937"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b10_s",
              "question": "When did the Baird system stop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1937",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Baird system discontinued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2492_s",
          "context": ". The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400 . When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha -LRB- a digest of all philosophies -RRB- in the 14th century , he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from , or even refer to .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nyaya sutra"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the Salva - darkosto 347?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madhavacharya",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-823_s",
          "context": "In 1974 , the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight . , the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered , fully controlled , man carrying flying machine , reaching an altitude of 40 feet -LRB- 12 m -RRB- . , the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics . The Zephyr , developed by BAE Systems , is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft . , Solar Impulse , an electric aircraft . It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1997",
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            "2010",
            "29 april 1979",
            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c360_s",
              "question": "When was the first unmanned flight completed by a solar powered aircraft?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-743_s",
          "context": ". '' , trying to break into the judge 's house . Finally , he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant . One of Jem 's arms is broken in the struggle , but amid the confusion someone comes to the children 's rescue . The mysterious man carries Jem home .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "jem",
            "bob ewell",
            "atticus",
            "boo radley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce6488aab44d1400b8873e_s",
              "question": "Who did Bob ewall attack in the story?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jem and Scout",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Bob Ewell attack during the story?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3059_s",
          "context": "Historical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent , post-WWII history . The first historical overview of Japanese comics was Seiki Hosokibara 's Nihon Manga-Shi -LSB- i -RSB- in 1924 . : The Complete Picture , -LSB- j -RSB- which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects , such as structure and a `` grammar '' of comics . The field of manga studies increased rapidly . Formal theories of manga have focused on developing a `` manga expression theory '' , -LSB- k -RSB- with emphasis on spatial relationships in the structure of images on the page , distinguishing the medium from film or literature , in which the flow of time is the basic organizing element . Comics studies courses have proliferated at Japanese universities . The publication of Frederik L. Schodt 's Manga ! Manga ! .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 19th-century",
            "and 13th centuries",
            "the 1990s",
            "2001",
            "the past",
            "1924",
            "1983",
            "1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e033fc7aa994140058e35e_s",
              "question": "When did hiragawa create the Japanese cartoon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Hosokibara create Nihon Manga-Shi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12553_s",
          "context": "Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers . Several institutions , besides those already mentioned , played important parts . Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem , open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics , which publishes the Revue Biblique . The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg , confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890 , is flourishing , and has about 250 students . The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum , opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences . In addition to the reviews above are the Revue Thomiste . Among numerous writers of the order in this period are , two esteemed philosophers , historian of the Pontifical Navy , and Heinrich Denifle . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1894",
            "1893",
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            "1905",
            "the future",
            "1908",
            "1890"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cfe42ca10214002d9722_s",
              "question": "When was the University of Freiburg run by the Dominican mission?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1890",
                  "answer_start": 407
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the University of Fribourg put into the Dominican Order's care?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8806_s",
          "context": "During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.",
          "c_entity": [
            "windsor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f5ca271a42140099d37c_s",
              "question": "Where were the Buckingham Palace valuables taken during the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Windsor",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were valuable items from Buckingham Palace taken during WWI?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13772_s",
          "context": "In addition to military efforts abroad . Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized . A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "future"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284ce5ff5b5019007da12f_s",
              "question": "When was DHS created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2002",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the DHS created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4762_s",
          "context": "In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8d8959e9bad19000a05e0_s",
              "question": "When did President Sanha die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did President Sanha die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5316_s",
          "context": "Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc3bd800a8df1900403816_s",
              "question": "When did you first see the concept of government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Government phonology first seen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16971_s",
          "context": "The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's force had begun the battle with five battleships; when he returned to Japan, only Yamato was combat-worthy. Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323af4b9d445190005e8fa_s",
              "question": "When did operation 10 start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 1945",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Operation Ten-Go occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16028_s",
          "context": "The Eastern Roman Empire -- today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire , a name not in use during its own time -- became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century - 641 -RRB- decided to make Greek the empire 's official language . Certainly from then on , but likely earlier , the Roman and Greek cultures were virtually fused into a single Greco-Roman world . Although the Latin West recognized the Eastern Empire 's claim to the Roman legacy for several centuries , king of the Franks , as the `` Roman Emperor '' on 25 December 800 , an act which eventually led to the formation of the Holy Roman Empire , the Latin West started to favour the Franks and began to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire largely as the Empire of the Greeks -LRB- Imperium Graecorum -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "heraclius",
            "pope leo iii",
            "franks",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c45_s",
              "question": "Who do those who live in the West and mainly use another well-known language prefer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Latin West started to favour the Franks",
                  "answer_start": 635
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was favored by those who lived in the west and mainly used another form of well know verbal language ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10254_s",
          "context": "In the Papal States , which existed until 1870 , Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos . , the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between `` good antisemitism '' and `` bad antisemitism '' . The `` bad '' kind promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent . This was considered un-Christian because the Christian message was intended for all of humanity regardless of ethnicity ; anyone could become a Christian . The `` good '' kind criticized alleged Jewish conspiracies to control newspapers , banks , and other institutions , to care only about accumulation of wealth , etc. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1870",
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            "20th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a0c33acd2414000de841_s",
              "question": "When was papacy founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "until 1870",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Papal States exist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3988_s",
          "context": ". The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park . The university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kansas city",
            "salina",
            "wichita",
            "university of kansas school of medicine",
            "topeka",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7812637bdd419002c4051_s",
              "question": "Where can I find the University's Edwards campus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Overland Park",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what city can KU's Edwards campus be found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8639_s",
          "context": "In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including \"El Tango supremo\", La Cumparsita\", La Milonga\", \"La Puñalada\" and \"Desde el Alma\", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1935"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d86e89a1e219009abfa1_s",
              "question": "When was the interesting bar established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1935",
                  "answer_start": 526
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Fun Fun Bar established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18290_s",
          "context": "On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, and the authority of the pope. He would later write works on the Catholic devotion to Virgin Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, the sacraments, mandatory clerical celibacy, monasticism, further on the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship between Christianity and the law, good works, and the sacraments.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wittenberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c7ade17f3d14004223da_s",
              "question": "Where is the sanctuary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wittenberg",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was All Saints' Church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6625_s",
          "context": "Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream , The Jimi Hendrix Experience . Cream , in songs like `` I Feel Free '' -LRB- 1966 -RRB- combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia , particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton . , which combined elements of jazz , blues and rock and roll . , feedback and distortion . The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and , with the track `` Helter Skelter '' , attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "eric clapton",
            "the jeff beck group",
            "stephen thomas erlewine",
            "keith richards",
            "jimi hendrix",
            "dave davies",
            "pete townshend",
            "allmusic",
            "ian macdonald"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b6d046b8089140040f94c_s",
              "question": "Who is the guitarist of the cream band?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eric Clapton",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the guitarist for the band Cream?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15647_s",
          "context": "After the Voyager 2 flyby mission , the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system , is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission . However , there have been a couple of discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner . , there was a proposal in NASA 's `` Vision Missions Studies '' for a `` Neptune Orbiter with Probes '' mission that does Cassini-level science . Another , more recent proposal was for Argo , that would visit Jupiter , Saturn , Neptune , and a Kuiper belt object . The focus would be on Neptune and its largest moon Triton to be investigated around 2029 . The proposed New Horizons 2 mission -LRB- which was later scrapped -RRB- might also have done a close flyby of the Neptunian system .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2019",
            "the late 2020s",
            "2003",
            "early 2030s",
            "2029"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eb0fd03f9891900756963_s",
              "question": "When can we expect Argo to visit Triton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2029",
                  "answer_start": 586
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When can we expect Argo to visit Triton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15418_s",
          "context": ". In February 1978 , and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe . Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the administration , and a number of western-funded opposition groups were founded by exiles . , founded in 1981 by Mohammed Magariaf , which orchestrated militant attacks against Libya 's government , while another , al-Borkan , began killing Libyan diplomats abroad . , assassinating various dissidents . Although nearby nations like Syria also used hit squads ; in June 1980 , he ordered all dissidents to return home or be `` liquidated wherever you are . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "nfsl",
            "revolutionary committees",
            "younis bilgasim",
            "mohammed magariaf",
            "jamahiriya",
            "gaddafi"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573182e9e6313a140071cff1_s",
              "question": "Who founded nfsl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohammed Magariaf",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the NFSL?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1525_s",
          "context": "The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302ed0947a6a140053d242_s",
              "question": "When was Kurt Godel's incompetence theory put forward?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6533_s",
          "context": "The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors . , a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments . Some of these experts , including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto , rather than using a tabular method , but these recommendations were not adopted . The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius -LRB- or Lilio -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1577",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b241bec8fbc190045b85e_s",
              "question": "When did Trent Council agree to amend the calendar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1563",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Council of Trent agree to the corrected calendar?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3576_s",
          "context": ". It was founded in 1987 by Jim Foster , making it the third longest-running professional football league in North America . , resulting in a faster-paced and higher-scoring game . The sport was invented in the early 1980s and patented by Foster .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afl",
            "nfl",
            "arena football league",
            "jim foster",
            "canadian football league",
            "united states football league",
            "national football league"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e67ea0de9d371400067ee3_s",
              "question": "Who founded AFL?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jim Foster",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded The AFL?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9525_s",
          "context": "Many historical sites exist throughout the city , including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Of these , nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut . The New Haven Green , one of the National Historic Landmarks , was formed in 1638 . , which is open to visitors . Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes . The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green , and includes Connecticut Hall , Yale 's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark . The Hillhouse Avenue area , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale 's campus , has been called a walkable museum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "19th-century",
            "1868",
            "17th-century",
            "1638",
            "1880"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b9576be1ee31400cb8456_s",
              "question": "When was the famous New Haven green founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1638",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the famous The New Haven Green founded?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-271_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's tombstone , featuring the muse of music , Euterpe , weeping over a broken lyre . The expenses of the funeral and monument , amounting to 5,000 francs , were covered by Jane Stirling . , preserved in alcohol , back to Poland in 1850 . -LSB- n 9 -RSB- She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin ; after 1851 these were returned to Sand , who seems to have destroyed them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ludwika",
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            "chopin",
            "clésinger"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfec4b234ae51400d9c0d0_s",
              "question": "Who pays for Chopin's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who paid for Chopin's funeral?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1065_s",
          "context": "In 2008 , following the death of West 's mother , the foundation was rechristened `` The Dr. Donda West Foundation . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d464a92ccc5a1400d8313a_s",
              "question": "When did Kanye West's mother die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-443_s",
          "context": "During this time , fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic . In return , and the Zoras of Lanayru . Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the Fused Shadows . , she ridicules him for abusing his tribe 's magic , and then leaves Midna in Hyrule to die from the world 's light . Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda , Link learns he needs the Master Sword to return to human form . Midna is moved by Zelda 's sacrifice , and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "midna",
            "zelda",
            "eldin",
            "zant",
            "faron"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd937162d2951400fa6735_s",
              "question": "Who saved midna?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zelda",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who saves Midna?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8603_s",
          "context": "After the end of hostilities , a period of growth and expansion started for the city . In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated . By Decree . , an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires . The statue of Peace , La Paz .",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 years",
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            "1853",
            "1854",
            "december 1861",
            "1866",
            "1867"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bcb089a1e219009abdb0_s",
              "question": "When was Solis teahouse completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1856",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14561_s",
          "context": ", patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process . Prior to this , only calamine could be used to produce zinc . In 1798 , Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter . , which processed even more zinc . He incorrectly thought he had discovered an ability of nerves and muscles to create electricity and called the effect `` animal electricity '' . , galvanization and cathodic protection .",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann christian ruberg",
            "william champion",
            "jean-jacques daniel dony",
            "luigi galvani",
            "john"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b5939f75d5e190021fd94_s",
              "question": "Who made the first horizontal return meter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johann Christian Ruberg",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the first horizontal retort smelter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13808_s",
          "context": "The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita . : Vironia -RRB- , mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel , help ! '' / `` Thor , help ! '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "thor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572846033acd2414000df844_s",
              "question": "Who described tarapita?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry of Latvia",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described Tharapita?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17172_s",
          "context": "Economic sanctions against Iran , such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil , have affected the economy . Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal , the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "fall",
            "2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730301cb2c2fd1400568a25_s",
              "question": "When did Iran reach a nuclear and sanctions agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2015",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did a nuclear and sanctions relief deal happen for Iran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9605_s",
          "context": ", which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country . The first department store in France , Le Bon Marché in Paris , was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH . , another upscale department store also owned by LVMH , closed in 2005 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lvmh",
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            "le printemps",
            "le bon marché",
            "bazar de l'hotel de ville",
            "bhv",
            "galeries lafayette"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572664de5951b619008f7177_s",
              "question": "Who currently owns Le Bon Marche?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LVMH",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who currently owns Le Bon Marche?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15722_s",
          "context": ". The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop , making short-staple cotton profitable . It was more easily grown in the upland areas , and cotton quickly became South Carolina 's major export commodity . The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations , to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted . Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city , working as domestics , artisans , market workers , and laborers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1786",
            "1793",
            "the post-revolutionary years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302769947a6a140053d1ae_s",
              "question": "When was the gin invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1793",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the cotton gin invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3722_s",
          "context": "The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who threw the monastery clock?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Whitechapel Bell Foundry",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who cast the abbey bells?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13327_s",
          "context": "On 8 February 1963 , a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist , who was subsequently shot dead . Abdel Salam Aref , a Nasserist , was chosen to be the new president . A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March . On 14 March . At the meeting , and asserted that he was the `` leader of the Arabs '' . A transitional unity agreement stipulating a federal system was signed by the parties on 17 April and the new union was set to be established in May 1965 . However .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who became the new president of Iraq after the coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abdel Salam Aref",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the new Iraqi president after the coup?"
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          "context": "As Universal 's main product had always been low-budget film , it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor . , starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez . , Technicolor was also used in Universal 's remake of their 1925 horror melodrama , Phantom of the Opera with Claude Rains and Nelson Eddy . With the success of their first two pictures , a regular schedule of high-budget , Technicolor films followed .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was universal's first opera ghost made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1925",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Universal's first version of the Phantom of the Opera made?"
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          "context": "Copyright infringement is reproducing, distributing, displaying or performing a work, or to make derivative works, without permission from the copyright holder, which is typically a publisher or other business representing or assigned by the work's creator. It is often called \"piracy\". While copyright is created the instance a work is fixed, generally the copyright holder can only get money damages if the owner registers the copyright.[citation needed] Enforcement of copyright is generally the responsibility of the copyright holder. The ACTA trade agreement, signed in May 2011 by the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and the EU, and which has not entered into force, requires that its parties add criminal penalties, including incarceration and fines, for copyright and trademark infringement, and obligated the parties to active police for infringement. There are limitations and exceptions to copyright, allowing limited use of copyrighted works, which does not constitute infringement. Examples of such doctrines are the fair use and fair dealing doctrine.",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When was Acta signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2011",
                  "answer_start": 575
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the ACTA trade agreement signed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16810_s",
          "context": ", the international governing body of football , that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played , the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted . On 8 June 2006 , FIFA requested that all major European leagues , including Italy 's Serie A and Spain 's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007 -- 08 season . The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction . Ultimately , the 2007 -- 08 season kicked off again with 20 teams .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who insists on reducing every local league game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "FIFA",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who insisted that the number of games played in each domestic league must be reduced?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2657_s",
          "context": "The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base . , Berkshire , and published his autobiography : An Innkeeper 's Diary -LRB- London : Chatto & Windus , 1931 -RRB- . During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay , such as H. G. Wells . , County Durham in Blair 's home constituency . This number has been declining every year , so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the hotel diary published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1931",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published?"
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          "context": "The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy . They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit . Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity . -RSB- '' .",
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              "question": "Who says that Jews bring dissent to Christianity?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Tertullian",
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              "original_question": "Who suggested that it were the Jews that brought dissension into Christianity?"
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          "context": "In September 1216 John began a fresh , vigorous attack . He marched from the Cotswolds . , probably to order further supplies from the continent . -LSB- nb 17 -RSB- In King 's Lynn , John contracted dysentery , which would ultimately prove fatal . Meanwhile , taking Carlisle in August and then marching south to give homage to Prince Louis for his English possessions ; John narrowly missed intercepting Alexander along the way . Tensions between Louis and the English barons began to increase , prompting a wave of desertions , including William Marshal 's son William and William Longespée , who both returned to John 's faction .",
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              "question": "Where does John come from?",
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              "original_question": "Where did John march from?"
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        {
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          "context": "Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick. Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the famous figure in morsang's art?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas of Verdun",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was a noted figure in Mosan art?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7545_s",
          "context": ", which began in antiquity , and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time . , and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church . Though many of these philosophical ideals were picked up by Catholics , by the 18th century the Enlightenment was the principal manifestation of the schism that began with Martin Luther .",
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              "question": "Who caused the split of the enlightenment?",
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                  "text": "Martin Luther",
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              "original_question": "Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?"
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        {
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          "context": "For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought , but exchanged little territory ; the stalemate held . , and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong . On the Chinese side , Zhou Enlai directed peace talks , and Li Kenong and Qiao Guanghua headed the negotiation team . Combat continued while the belligerents negotiated . The PVA and the KPA attempted similar operations , and later effected military and psychological operations in order to test the UN Command 's resolve to continue the war .",
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              "question": "Where are the ceasefire talks taking place?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Kaesong",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did armistice negotiations occur?"
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        {
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          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown of Monroeville , Alabama .",
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              "question": "When did the British librarian kill a robin in front of the Bible?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 354
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?"
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        {
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          "context": "MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group -LRB- MPEG -RRB- as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard . , CCETT , and others . MPEG-1 Audio -LRB- MPEG-1 Part 3 -RRB- , which included MPEG-1 Audio Layer I , II and III was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC standard in 1991 , finalised in 1992 and published in 1993 -LRB- ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 -RRB- . Backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio -LRB- MPEG-2 Part 3 -RRB- with additional bit rates and sample rates was published in 1995 -LRB- ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who designed the MP3?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Moving Picture Experts Group",
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              "original_question": "Who designed MP3?"
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        {
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          "context": "The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.",
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              "id": "5727d72bff5b5019007d96a5_s",
              "question": "When did the University of Oklahoma dance course begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
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              "original_question": "When did the University of Oklahoma's dance program begin?"
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          "context": "According to eastern homeland theory , prior to becoming known to the Roman world -- such as the Sarmatian , Hun and Gothic empires . : Huns , and later Avars and Bulgars -RRB- started the great migration of the Slavs , who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies ; and northward along the upper Dnieper river . Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa .",
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              "question": "Where do some slaves roam in the activities of the vandals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Iberia and north Africa",
                  "answer_start": 417
                }
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              "original_question": "Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?"
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          "context": "Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music -LRB- music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained , often from a purely oral tradition -RRB- . Some composers , have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work , while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins .",
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              "question": "Who uses folk music to raise certain topics?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Bartók",
                  "answer_start": 286
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              "original_question": "Who used specific themes lifted from folk-music?"
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          "context": ". During his tenure at Notre Dame , he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus ; he selected Frank H. Spearman , Jeremiah D. M. Ford , Irvin Abell , and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal , instituted in 1883 . O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to `` acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate '' Notre Dame . He wrote , `` Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother . When St. Paul said : ` Whether you eat or drink , or whatsoever else you do , do all for the glory of God , ' he included football . ''",
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              "question": "When did Notre Dame first award leta?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1883",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Which year was the Laetare Medal first given out at Notre Dame?"
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          "context": "Napoleon was born in Corsica to a relatively modest family of noble Tuscan ancestry . , and he tried to spread its ideals to Corsica but was banished from the island in 1793 . , he saved the French government from collapse by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons . The Directory rewarded Napoleon by giving him command of the Army of Italy at age 26 , when he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies , scoring a series of decisive victories that made him famous all across Europe . , invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army .",
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              "question": "When was Napoleon expelled from Corsica?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1793",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was Napoleon banished from Corsica?"
            }
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          "context": ", shot in England in the summer of 2010 . It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin , on December 25 , 2011 . The film -- the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there , as well as on Broadway . The film was released and distributed by Disney . War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture .",
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              "question": "Who sells war horses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Disney",
                  "answer_start": 292
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who distributed 'War Horse'?"
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          "context": "Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012 , as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits , Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment . Additionally . Royal Dutch Shell had invested nearly US$ 5 billion by this stage of the project .",
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              "question": "When did Arctic drilling begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2012",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In what year did drilling in the Arctic region begin?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1308_s",
          "context": ", `` No Boundaries '' which was co-written by DioGuardi . This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status , and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S. -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who wrote the coronation?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "DioGuardi",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who co-wrote the coronation song?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-823_s",
          "context": ", the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight . On 29 April 1979 , the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered , fully controlled , man carrying flying machine , reaching an altitude of 40 feet -LRB- 12 m -RRB- . , the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics . The Zephyr , developed by BAE Systems , is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft . , Solar Impulse , an electric aircraft . It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the first solo flight?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "29 April 1979",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first solar powered manned flight made?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8065_s",
          "context": "In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest. The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.",
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              "question": "When was the editorial published?",
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          "context": "After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean . Under Caesar , an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia , a large fleet was raised in the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea of Cilician pirates . During the civil war that followed , as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities .",
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              "question": "Who is ultimately responsible for the warships sent to the English Channel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caesar",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1480_s",
          "context": ", Susan Prager , is also the communication director of `` Friends of Falun Gong '' , a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr . , scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires , pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy . Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK , France and the US , the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay , involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people , including public employees and volunteers . Overall , the protests were peaceful in nature , although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame , and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom lanto",
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            "diego maradona",
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            "mark palmer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96652dc89441400fdb3e2_s",
              "question": "Who is the head of hrtr's outreach?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Susan Prager",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the outreach director of HRTR?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15356_s",
          "context": "Following the completion of his PhD in 1942 . The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project . In 1945 , he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year . His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return . , Feynman quipped , `` It 's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "uw",
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            {
              "id": "572e843cc246551400ce42a9_s",
              "question": "Who does Feynman want to teach when he gets a letter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dean Mark Ingraham",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Feyman received a letter to return to teaching from whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2290_s",
          "context": ", elements of which were dramatized ; in 1991 , he purchased the rights to the film , its outtakes , and associated still photography . , he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums . Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk , but did not win the role because of his height . Later , Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner 's alter ego . , Mickey Hargitay .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de8a8c4396321400ee29ff_s",
              "question": "When did Schwarzenegger get the right to pump iron?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film Pumping Iron?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2930_s",
          "context": "At this time , Hal B. Wallis , who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount , moved over to Universal , where he produced several films , and the equally lavish Mary , Queen of Scots -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit , both films received Academy Award nominations , and Anne was nominated for Best Picture , Best Actor -LRB- Richard Burton -RRB- , Best Actress -LRB- Geneviève Bujold -RRB- , and Best Supporting Actor -LRB- Anthony Quayle -RRB- . , which Wallis had produced at Paramount . Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne , reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film , and Katharine Hepburn , their only film together . The film was only a moderate success .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e166ffcd28a01900c67879_s",
              "question": "When was the film made by Queen Mary of Scotland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1337_s",
          "context": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, \"People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "taylor hicks"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3847159d6e414001465fd_s",
              "question": "Who won American Idol Season 5?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taylor Hicks",
                  "answer_start": 626
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won season five of American Idol? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1105_s",
          "context": "According to author Michael Carrithers , while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account , `` the outline of the life must be true : birth , maturity , renunciation , search , awakening and liberation , teaching , death . '' , `` It is obviously difficult , therefore , because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound . '' -LSB- dubious -- discuss -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "karen armstrong",
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            "siddhatta gotama",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1c3cae7d4791d0090212b_s",
              "question": "Who believes that \"the outline of life must be true\" is related to Buddhism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Carrithers",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believes \"the outline of the life must be true\" in reference to Buddha?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8914_s",
          "context": "Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012 -- 2012 -RRB- . In the period between those associations with the Chiefs the club had affiliations with the Dayton Dragons and Lansing Lugnuts . The Lugnuts were often affectionately referred to by Chip Caray as `` Steve Stone 's favorite team . '' . , on the 18th , ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726856d708984140094c8cf_s",
              "question": "When did the cubs sign a development agreement with the cairn County Lions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Cubs sign a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1498_s",
          "context": "North Korea : The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28 . It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea . A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang , some waving Chinese flags . The event was presided over by the head of the country 's parliament , Kim Yong Nam . The North , an ally of China , has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet . Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik , as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang . The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower , which commemorates the national ideology of Juche , or `` self-reliance '' , created by the country 's late founding President Kim Il Sung , father of leader Kim Jong Il , who did not attend .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d971ebdc89441400fdb480_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Pyongyang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 28",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8181_s",
          "context": "During Victoria 's first pregnancy in 1840 . Oxford fired twice , but either both bullets missed or , as he later claimed , the guns had no shot . He was tried for high treason and found guilty , but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity . In the immediate aftermath of the attack , Victoria 's popularity soared , mitigating residual discontent over the Hastings affair and the bedchamber crisis . Her daughter , also named Victoria , was born on 21 November 1840 . The Queen hated being pregnant , viewed breast-feeding with disgust , and thought newborn babies were ugly . Nevertheless , she and Albert had a further eight children : Albert Edward .",
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            {
              "id": "57255dc469ff041400e58c41_s",
              "question": "When was Queen Victoria's first daughter born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 November 1840",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Queen Victoria's first daughter born? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18841_s",
          "context": "The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple , that stood in Durbar Square . In Sanskrit , Kastha -LRB- काष्ठ -RRB- means `` wood '' and Mandap -LRB- / मण्डप -RRB- means `` covered shelter '' . This temple , also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language . The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood , and used no iron nails nor supports . According to legend , all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree . The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57359c97e853931400426a42_s",
              "question": "When was Maru Satan destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 April 2015",
                  "answer_start": 511
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16010_s",
          "context": "The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han . , they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers , and were used in pounding , threshing and polishing grain . However , there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century . Waterwheels were also used to power chain pumps that lifted water to raised irrigation ditches . The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572fa64db2c2fd14005682ad_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of this article entitled \"balanced discourse\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wang Chong",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3747_s",
          "context": "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.",
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              "question": "Who created the stem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Yongle Emperor",
                  "answer_start": 261
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the creation of the stele?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4152_s",
          "context": "Historically , major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians . Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist . The Vienna Philharmonic , for example , did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997 , far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world 's top five by Gramophone in 2008 . The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic . As late as February 1996 , Dieter Flury . In April 1996 , the orchestra 's press secretary wrote that `` compensating for the expected leaves of absence '' of maternity leave would be a problem .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56f72db03d8e2e1400e373e0_s",
              "question": "Who was the main flute player of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in 1996?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dieter Flury",
                  "answer_start": 529
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10722_s",
          "context": ". , as proposed by John Call . Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia .",
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              "id": "57269c97708984140094cbbf_s",
              "question": "Where are most of the marijuana and flax imported by the Royal Navy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Russia",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the majority of the hemp and flax used by the Royal Navy imported from?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8574_s",
          "context": "Hokkien / hɒˈkiɛn / -LRB- traditional Chinese : 福建話 ; simplified Chinese : 福建话 ; pinyin : Fújiànhuà ; Pe̍h - ōe-jī / Chinchew ; BP : Zuánziū , and by many other overseas Chinese . Hokkien originated from a dialect in southern Fujian . It is closely related to the Teochew , though mutual comprehension is difficult , and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese . Besides Hokkien , most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726266789a1e219009ac3e3_s",
              "question": "Where do Fu Jianren come from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "southern Fujian",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Hokkien originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6342_s",
          "context": "The 1960s were less successful for the club . The completion of the Camp Nou , finished in 1957 , meant the club had little money to spend on new players . , and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fairs Cup in 1966 . -- 0 in the 1968 Copa del Generalísimo final at the Bernabéu in front of Franco , a former republican pilot in the civil war . With the end of Franco 's dictatorship in 1974 , including the original letters once again .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4f18fed7b91900d45894_s",
              "question": "Who was present when Real Madrid attacked Barcelona in 1968?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franco",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was present when Barcelona beat Real Madrid in 1968?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9769_s",
          "context": "The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico -LRB- Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México -RRB- , but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America . The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico , the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572689745951b619008f7631_s",
              "question": "When was the joint reform Presbyterian Council established in Mexico?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1875",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15405_s",
          "context": "In June 1973 . Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist , thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism 's atheism . In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by China 's political leader Mao Zedong . As part of this theory .",
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              "id": "57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb6_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of the three world theory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mao Zedong",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of Three Worlds Theory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17889_s",
          "context": "In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia — then seen as a tribute nation. The office had the status of a full ministry and was headed by officials of equal rank. However, appointees were at first restricted only to candidates of Manchu and Mongol ethnicity, until later open to Han Chinese as well.",
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              "id": "573154bfa5e9cc1400cdbe96_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of ethnic minorities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lifan Yuan",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who administered the minority groups?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5557_s",
          "context": "In 2007 , the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069d6f75f01819005e7c54_s",
              "question": "When did the Japanese shrine decide to build a Peace Tower in New Delhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in new Delhi in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-271_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's tombstone , featuring the muse of music , Euterpe , weeping over a broken lyre , was designed and sculpted by Clésinger . The expenses of the funeral and monument , amounting to 5,000 francs . , preserved in alcohol , back to Poland in 1850 . -LSB- n 9 -RSB- She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin ; after 1851 these were returned to Sand , who seems to have destroyed them .",
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              "question": "Who created Chopin's tombstone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clésinger",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3702_s",
          "context": ", but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559 . In 1560 -- a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign , rather than to a diocesan bishop , a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons , headed by a dean . -RRB- .",
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              "id": "56e8df710b45c0140094cd32_s",
              "question": "Who threw Benedict out in 1559?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth I",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10697_s",
          "context": "A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely \"liberty as non-domination.\" Unlike liberals who understand liberty as \"non-interference,\" \"non-domination\" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a88e5951b619008f794f_s",
              "question": "When did republicanism and solutions emerge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the end of the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did republicanism and the capability approach arise?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9761_s",
          "context": "In England , Presbyterianism was established in secret in 1592 . Thomas Cartwright is thought to be the first Presbyterian in England . Cartwright 's controversial lectures at Cambridge University condemning the episcopal hierarchy of the Elizabethan Church led to his deprivation of his post by Archbishop John Whitgift and his emigration abroad . , a series of ordinances of the Long Parliament established Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England . Presbyterian government was established in London and Lancashire and in a few other places in England , although Presbyterian hostility to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth of England meant that Parliament never enforced the Presbyterian system in England . ; but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity , outside of the established church . , the Salter 's Hall controversy , occurred ; with the majority siding with nontrinitarian views . Thomas Bradbury published several sermons bearing on the controversy , `` An answer to the reproaches cast on the dissenting ministers who subscribed their belief of the Eternal Trinity . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267d4ef1498d1400e8e176_s",
              "question": "When was the Presbyterian Church established in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1592",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Presbyterianism church formed in England?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16635_s",
          "context": "For the past 25 years , the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson 's El Presidio Park . In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening , the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the country . All stages are within easy walking distance . Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association , volunteers make this festival possible . , Arizona 's only community radio station , is a major partner , broadcasting from the Plaza Stage throughout the weekend . In addition , there are numerous workshops , events for children , sing-alongs , and a popular singer/songwriter contest . Musicians typically play 30-minute sets , supported by professional audio staff volunteers . A variety of food and crafts are available at the festival , as well as local micro-brews . All proceeds from sales go to fund future festivals .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573437afd058e614000b6b32_s",
              "question": "Who runs Tucson folk festival?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who runs the Tucson Folk Festival?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18332_s",
          "context": "As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible , education on all levels got a strong boost . , the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent , in Scotland 65 per cent , and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write . Colleges and universities were founded . For example . , including Yale -LRB- 1701 -RRB- . Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324f09e17f3d1400422830_s",
              "question": "When was Yale University founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1701",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Yale founded?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1100_s",
          "context": "Buddhism / ˈbudɪzəm / is a nontheistic religion -LSB- note 1 -RSB- or philosophy -LRB- Sanskrit : धर्म dharma : धम्म dhamma -RRB- that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha , commonly known as the Buddha -LRB- `` the awakened one '' -RRB- . According to Buddhist tradition , the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent , present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving . Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pali",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d0d6db17492d1400aab663_s",
              "question": "Where will the Buddha live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nepal",
                  "answer_start": 452
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Buddha thought to live?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4006_s",
          "context": "KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees. About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32. Programs available at the Edwards Campus include developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, information technology, engineering management and design.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1993"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7943837bdd419002c4194_s",
              "question": "When was the University of Edwards founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Edwards Campus built?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-349_s",
          "context": "Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet , like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming , settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory . Laird writes that `` after the Mongol troops left Tibet , no Ming troops replaced them . '' Wang and Nyima state that , despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there , these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces . However , there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet . John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan . , Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals . Yet invasion went both ways ; the Ming general Qu Neng , under the command of Lan Yu .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6716_s",
              "question": "When did the emperor of Hong Kong use force in Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 14th century",
                  "answer_start": 610
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4805_s",
          "context": "On 17th Street -LRB- 40 ° 44 ′ 08 ″ N 73 ° 59 ′ 12 ″ W / 40.735532 ° N 73.986575 ° W / 40.735532 ; -73.986575 -RRB- , traffic runs one way along the street , where traffic runs in both directions . The house was razed by Beth Israel Medical Center after it received approval of a 1991 application to demolish the house and replace it with an AIDS hospice . Time Magazine was started at 141 East 17th Street .",
          "c_entity": [
            "broadway",
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            "perlman place",
            "stuyvesant square",
            "park avenue south",
            "new york"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9357a9e9bad19000a080e_s",
              "question": "Where did time start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "141 East 17th Street",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Time Magazine started?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4587_s",
          "context": "The Aeneid appears to have been a great success . Virgil is said to have recited Books 2 , 4 , and 6 to Augustus ; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus ' sister Octavia to faint . Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism , it has served as a basis for later art .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jean-baptiste wicar",
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            "augustus"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb3_s",
              "question": "Who did Virgil read Enid's book to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus",
                  "answer_start": 104
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to?"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6625_s",
          "context": "Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream , The Jimi Hendrix Experience . Cream , in songs like `` I Feel Free '' -LRB- 1966 -RRB- combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia . , which combined elements of jazz , blues and rock and roll . , Pete Townshend of The Who , feedback and distortion . The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and , with the track `` Helter Skelter '' , attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "eric clapton",
            "the jeff beck group",
            "stephen thomas erlewine",
            "keith richards",
            "jimi hendrix",
            "dave davies",
            "pete townshend",
            "allmusic",
            "ian macdonald"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b6d046b8089140040f94e_s",
              "question": "Who plays guitar at who?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pete Townshend",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who played guitar in The Who?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8481_s",
          "context": "In 1955 , the diaries of Napoleon 's valet , Louis Marchand , were published . , including deliberate arsenic poisoning . Arsenic was used as a poison during the era because it was undetectable when administered over a long period . Forshufvud . Arsenic is a strong preservative , and therefore this supported the poisoning hypothesis . Forshufvud and Weider observed that Napoleon had attempted to quench abnormal thirst by drinking large amounts of orgeat syrup that contained cyanide compounds in the almonds used for flavouring .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c96f708984140094d165_s",
              "question": "When was the diary of Napoleon's servant published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1955",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the diaries of Napoleon's valet published?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4993_s",
          "context": "Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago . , especially notable in the city of Wenzhou . In 1999 Zhejiang 's Protestant population comprised 2.8 % of the provincial population , a small percentage but higher than the national average .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98f939b226e1400dd157a_s",
              "question": "Where are the Protestants in Zhejiang particularly striking?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wenzhou",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Protestants especially notable in Zhejiang?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12066_s",
          "context": "Krispy Kreme , an international chain of doughnut stores . Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern . A regional soft drink , Cheerwine . Despite its name . Another fast-food chain , Bojangles ' , and has its corporate headquarters there . Started in 1973 . Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers . Cook Out , a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers , hot dogs , and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors . In 2013 , Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South 's `` Tastiest City . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "salisbury",
            "raleigh",
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            "new bern",
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            "rocky mount",
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            "greensboro",
            "winston-salem"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b52d2ca10214002d9477_s",
              "question": "Where was Pepsi first made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Bern",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was pepsi first produced?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18337_s",
          "context": "In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1523"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325526e17f3d140042288e_s",
              "question": "When are the newspapers that allow communities to elect or remove ministers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1523",
                  "answer_start": 677
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14808_s",
          "context": ", including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods -LRB- 0 to 9 -RRB- based on social , economic and cultural characteristics . In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a division into five periods . Natufian -LRB- 1 -RRB- between 12,000 and 10,200 BC , Khiamian -LRB- 2 -RRB- between 10,200-8,800 BC , PPNA : Sultanian -LRB- Jericho -RRB- , Mureybetian , early PPNB -LRB- PPNB ancien -RRB- -LRB- 3 -RRB- between 8,800-7,600 BC , middle PPNB -LRB- PPNB moyen -RRB- 7,600-6,900 BC , late PPNB -LRB- PPNB récent -RRB- -LRB- 4 -RRB- between 7,500 and 7,000 BC and a PPNB -LRB- sometimes called PPNC -RRB- transitional stage -LRB- PPNB final -RRB- -LRB- 5 -RRB- where Halaf and dark faced burnished ware begin to emerge between 6,900-6,400 BC . They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a1ef73f37b31900478701_s",
              "question": "When did the original ten division become five Division?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5644_s",
          "context": "Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species . The populations of Siberian cranes -LRB- Leucogeranus leucogeranus -RRB- that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route , particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia . Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in 2002 . Structures such as power lines , wind farms and offshore oil-rigs have also been known to affect migratory birds . Other migration hazards include pollution , storms , wildfires , and habitat destruction along migration routes , denying migrants food at stopover points . For example , in the East Asian -- Australasian Flyway .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1950s",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706fac590286e26004fc793_s",
              "question": "When was the last time I saw these birds in corradio National Park?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-539_s",
          "context": ". Just 90 minutes after the earthquake , Premier Wen Jiabao , who has an academic background in geomechanics , flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work . Soon afterward . On the same day . However , due to the rough terrain and close proximity of the quake 's epicenter , the soldiers found it very difficult to get help to the rural regions of the province .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cebf6aaab44d1400b889a1_s",
              "question": "Who flew to the site of the earthquake 90 minutes after the crash?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Premier Wen Jiabao",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who flew to the earthquake area 90 minutes after it hit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6235_s",
          "context": ". By the end of the nineteenth century , men 's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first `` modern '' Olympic Games in 1896 . From then on until the early 1950s , both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric , gymnastics , that would seem strange to today 's audiences and that included for example , synchronized team floor calisthenics , rope climbing , high jumping , running , and horizontal ladder . During the 1920s , women organized and participated in gymnastics events . The first women 's Olympic competition was primitive , only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field . These games were held in 1928 , in Amsterdam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "amsterdam",
            "liege"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a61_s",
              "question": "Where will the first women's Olympic Games be held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in Amsterdam",
                  "answer_start": 726
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15239_s",
          "context": "In Knoxville , the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932 . , including four Sugar Bowls , three Cotton Bowls , an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl . Meanwhile . In addition , the women 's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572cabbb2babe914003c29b9_s",
              "question": "When did the University of Tennessee begin to attend the NCAA southeast conference?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?"
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          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2679_s",
          "context": ". '' Philosopher Michael Martin , in his book The Case Against Christianity , evaluated three historical Christian creeds -LRB- the Apostles ' Creed , the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed -RRB- to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism , the Incarnation .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "michael martin"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d98e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the case against Christianity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Martin",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Case Against Christianity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10040_s",
          "context": "To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing , Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones , with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head , and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth . Because of her prominent usage , the microphone design came to be known as the `` Madonna mic '' . While her big-screen performances are panned , her live performances are critical successes . Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos . , the fact that images from Madonna 's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos . Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized . , latest technology and sound systems , Madonna 's concerts and live performances are deemed as `` extravagant show piece , a walking art show . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fd08f1498d1400e8f1ce_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to give up a music video at a concert?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is first to have reenactment of her music videos in concerts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5846_s",
          "context": "The general features of the preceding occurrence applied also to Chihuahua , although in a modified form . , who being in Sonora , was induced to remain there . In 1829 , when his term of office on the west coast expired . Although unable to resist the popular demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards , he soon quarreled with the legislature , which declared itself firmly for Guerrero , and announcing his support of Bustamante 's revolution , he suspended , in March 1830 , eight members of that body , the vice-governor , and several other officials , and expelled them from the state . , who succeeded in 1830 , stringent laws being issued against secret societies , which were supposed to be the main spring to the anti-clerical feeling among liberals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "josé isidro madero",
            "simón elías gonzalez",
            "gonzález",
            "j. j. calvo",
            "josé antonio arcé",
            "bustamante"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570713ba9e06ca38007e93a8_s",
              "question": "Who is the name of the revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bustamante",
                  "answer_start": 420
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "For whom was the revolution named?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11671_s",
          "context": "Bohemia -LRB- as Czech civilization was known by then -RRB- increased in power over the centuries , as its language did in regional importance . Here , early Czech literature -LRB- a biblical translation , hymns and hagiography -RRB- flourished . Old Czech texts , including poetry and cookbooks , were produced outside the university as well . Later in the century Jan Hus contributed significantly to the standardization of Czech orthography , advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners -LRB- particularly in religion -RRB- and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b8885be1ee31400cb841c_s",
              "question": "Who has made a significant contribution to the standardization of Czech spelling?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jan Hus",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13890_s",
          "context": "In 1954 , major Serbian and Croatian writers , linguists and literary critics , backed by Matica srpska and Matica hrvatska signed the Novi Sad Agreement , which in its first conclusion stated : `` Serbs , Croats and Montenegrins share a single language with two equal variants that have developed around Zagreb -LRB- western -RRB- and Belgrade -LRB- eastern -RRB- '' . The agreement insisted on the equal status of Cyrillic and Latin scripts , and of Ekavian and Ijekavian pronunciations . It also specified that Serbo-Croatian should be the name of the language in official contexts , while in unofficial use the traditional Serbian and Croatian were to be retained . Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska were to work together on a dictionary , and a committee of Serbian and Croatian linguists was asked to prepare a pravopis . During the sixties both books were published simultaneously in Ijekavian Latin in Zagreb and Ekavian Cyrillic in Novi Sad . Yet Croatian linguists claim that it was an act of unitarianism . The evidence supporting this claim is patchy -- which was true , but was not proof of unequal rights , but of frequency of use and prestige . , which one can view as proof of careful respect for both variants , and not of unitarism . Moreover , Croatian linguists criticized those parts of the Dictionary for being unitaristic that were written by Croatian linguists . And finally . Regardless of these facts , Croatian intellectuals brought the Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language in 1967 . On occasion of the publication 's 45th anniversary , accompanied by a critical analysis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "forum",
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            "stjepan babić"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a0efb3f37b3190047867b_s",
              "question": "Who was given the task of drafting a dictionary in the Novi Sad agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska",
                  "answer_start": 670
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was given the task of creating a dictionary in the Novi Sad Agreement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1981_s",
          "context": "Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks. Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron. In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber). Within that directorate the newly established CAF Cyber Task Force, has been tasked to design and build cyber warfare capabilities for the Canadian Armed Forces.",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df043cc65bf219000b3ed8_s",
              "question": "When was the cybernetic Council established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2011",
                  "answer_start": 699
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14716_s",
          "context": "Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans -LRB- such as Thessaloniki , Macedonia and Kosovo -RRB- were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s . On 10 November 1444 , Murad II defeated the Hungarian , Polish , the final battle of the Crusade of Varna , although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist . Four years later .",
          "c_entity": [
            "murad ii",
            "john hunyadi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a18fc1d04691400779771_s",
              "question": "Who conquered the Ottoman Empire from the 1430s to the 1450s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Murad II",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15424_s",
          "context": ", the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements , and in 1988 , Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police . In 1987 , although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons , and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons . The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition , formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group . A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled , and in turn , 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching . In October 1993 , while in September 1995 , Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi . The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists .",
          "c_entity": [
            "misrata",
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            "rabta",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731860d05b4da19006bd230_s",
              "question": "Where did the Muslim uprising take place in the 1990s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benghazi",
                  "answer_start": 701
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5004_s",
          "context": "Winston Churchill , on forming his government in 1940 , created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters . The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet . The three existing service Ministers -- the Secretary of State for War , the First Lord of the Admiralty , and the Secretary of State for Air -- remained in direct operational control of their respective services , but ceased to attend Cabinet .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd139a_s",
              "question": "When did Churchill establish his government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1940",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Winstron Churchill form his government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4216_s",
          "context": "Slavic studies began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise. As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1833"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f740d5aef2371900625a48_s",
              "question": "When was Slavic recognized as Indo European?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "As early as 1833",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8803_s",
          "context": "Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews , also designed by Nash , where the royal carriages , including the Gold State Coach , are housed . This rococo gilt coach , has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani . It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since George IV . It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II . Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f1dc271a42140099d356_s",
              "question": "When was the first time the golden national team coach was used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1762",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Gold State Coach first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": "Victoria 's father was Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn , the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom , George III . Until 1817 , Edward 's niece , Princess Charlotte of Wales , was the only legitimate grandchild of George III . Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children . , a widowed German princess with two children -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte 's widower . The Duke and Duchess of Kent 's only child , Victoria .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1818",
            "1817",
            "24 may 1819"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723fd980ba9f01400d97b08_s",
              "question": "When did Princess Charlotte of Wales die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1817",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Princess Charlotte of Wales die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10761_s",
          "context": "-- 1782 -RRB- tried to defeat the colonist rebellion by military force . , came the American Declaration of Independence . Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania . He claimed the English national character was being changed by this authoritarianism . Burke wrote : `` As to the good people of England , they seem to partake every day more and more of the Character of that administration which they have been induced to tolerate . I am satisfied . We seem no longer that eager , inquisitive , jealous , fiery people , which we have been formerly '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1770",
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            "a few years"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a652f1498d1400e8e619_s",
              "question": "When did Lord North leave office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1782",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lord North leave office?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14831_s",
          "context": ", Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively ; and he also studied philosophy , psychology , and economics . For a short time , where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells . , inspired Hayek 's first intellectual project , eventually published as The Sensory Order -LRB- 1952 -RRB- . It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels , rejecting the `` sense data '' associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists . Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3fa3af94a219006aa911_s",
              "question": "Who did Hayek start this circle with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herbert Furth",
                  "answer_start": 568
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15247_s",
          "context": "In late 1977 , music writers for Sounds first used the terms `` New Musick '' and `` post punk '' to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire , who began experimenting with sounds , lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries . Writer Jon Savage described some of these early developments as exploring `` harsh urban scrapings -LSB- , -RSB- controlled white noise '' and `` massively accented drumming '' . In January 1978 , citing his disillusionment with punk 's musical predictability and cooption by commercial interests , as well as his desire to explore more diverse interests .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jon savage",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f5b9da23a5019007fc592_s",
              "question": "Who calls post punk \"rough urban scratching\" and \"controlled white noise\" and \"strong drums\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jon Savage",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who connsidered post-punk \"harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise\" and \"massively accented drumming\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1592_s",
          "context": "Krugman 's contention -LRB- that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis -RRB- is challenged by additional analysis . After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis : `` We find limited evidence that substantial deterioration in CMBS -LSB- commercial mortgage-backed securities -RSB- loan underwriting occurred prior to the crisis . '' Other analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate . : `` The first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006 . Three years later , commercial real estate started feeling the effects . , a real estate attorney and CPA , wrote :",
          "c_entity": [
            "denice a. gierach",
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            "xudong an",
            "kimberly amadeo",
            "anthony b. sanders"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332627d058e614000b5744_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the growth of commercial housing bubble shows that the housing policy of the United States is not the root cause of the crisis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Krugman",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16808_s",
          "context": ": Arsenal . During this decade , and particularly from 2002 to 2009 , they dominated the top four spots , taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003 -- 04 to 2008 -- 09 inclusive -- 04 . In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that `` Big Four '' dominance threatened the division , `` This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world . '' , in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e7a2d058e614000b654f_s",
              "question": "Who says the big four are a threat to division?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Keegan",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that \"Big Four\" dominance was a threat to the division?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2917_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , producer Joe Pasternak , who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal 's German subsidiary , repeated his formula in America . , Three Smart Girls -LRB- 1936 -RRB- . The film was a box-office hit and reputedly restored the studio 's solvency . The success of the film led Universal to offer her a contract , which for the first five years of her career produced her most successful pictures .",
          "c_entity": [
            "deanna durbin",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1531ccd28a01900c677d1_s",
              "question": "Who made the movie three smart girls?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Pasternak",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who produced the film Three Smart Girls?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13535_s",
          "context": "In Australia , a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001 . In 1976 , a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to . However , it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house . The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house . The Governor-General revoked the first assent , before assenting to the bill which had actually passed . The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572aa244f75d5e190021fbdf_s",
              "question": "When did a similar failure occur in Australia after a bill of the same name was passed unexpectedly in 1976?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12524_s",
          "context": "A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway -LRB- theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats -RRB- only four times . The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances . , music and lyrics by Ray Leslee . The musical style of the show 's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john jiler",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727af6c3acd2414000de9a7_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the text on X Avenue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ray Leslee",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15798_s",
          "context": "The Communist Party of China , adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union , which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949 . Under Party leader Mao Zedong , the Party anthem became `` The East Is Red '' , and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a `` red sun '' . During the Cultural Revolution in China , Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards , and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies . , with eighty million members .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731639ce6313a140071cec1_s",
              "question": "When did the Chinese party in the community gain power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9683_s",
          "context": "Before forming Queen , Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile . Freddie Mercury -LRB- then known by his birth name of Farrokh `` Freddie '' Bulsara -RRB- was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques . , suggested `` Queen '' as a new band name , and adopted his familiar stage name . Queen first charted in the UK with their second album , Queen II . The latter featured `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' . , News of the World , contained `` We Will Rock You '' and `` We Are the Champions '' , which have become anthems at sporting events . , Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world . In 1991 , Mercury died of bronchopneumonia , a complication of AIDS . Since then . , Queen released a new album , Queen Forever , featuring vocals from the late Mercury .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265492f1498d1400e8dc36_s",
              "question": "When did Freddie Mercury die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 690
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Freddie Mercury die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18567_s",
          "context": "In November 1956 , French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis , receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser . Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . , and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt . , which were published in 1965 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732728be17f3d140042298b_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of Egypt in the Suez crisis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of Egypt at the time of the Suez Crisis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4765_s",
          "context": "At 36,125 square kilometres -LRB- 13,948 sq mi -RRB- . It lies at a low altitude ; its highest point is 300 metres -LRB- 984 ft -RRB- . The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east . Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot , dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara . The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fe_s",
              "question": "Where is the hot dry air from Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Sahara",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10528_s",
          "context": "Combined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning . These two things would later lead to the Protestant Reformation . Toward the end of the period , an era of discovery began -LRB- Age of Discovery -RRB- . The rise of the Ottoman Empire , eroded the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire and cut off trading possibilities with the east . Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes , leading to the expedition of Columbus to the Americas in 1492 . Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726945d708984140094cad0_s",
              "question": "When was Columbus' expedition to America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1492",
                  "answer_start": 549
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Columbus' expedition to the Americas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10044_s",
          "context": "Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry , `` achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry '' , and generating over $ 1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career . ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself . '' ; they identified her vision of success , her understanding of the music industry , her ability to recognize her own performance limits -LRB- and thus bring in help -RRB- , her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success . , manipulative , and ruthless -- somebody who wo n't stop until she gets what she wants -- and that 's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones . But that hardly mattered to her . '' ? , noted : `` Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself ; creating fashion , breaking taboos and provoking controversies . ''",
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            "estados unidos",
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            {
              "id": "5726ffd85951b619008f8457_s",
              "question": "Who is the famous business model?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is an acclaim role model business woman?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-61_s",
          "context": "At age eight . They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl 's Tyme , and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston . After seeing the group , R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search , the largest talent show on national TV at the time . Girl 's Tyme failed to win . , and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments . , only to be cut by the company . This put further strain on the family . On October 5 , 1995 . In 1996 , and shortly after .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlanta records",
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            {
              "id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c966d_s",
              "question": "Who brought Beyonce to California and joined their scouting team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arne Frager",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who brought Beyonce to California and enter her group in Star Search?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8161_s",
          "context": "Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays . In 1889 , during a stay in Biarritz , she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit . , the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable . Instead , in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war . , her second son Alfred -LRB- `` Affie '' -RRB- died ; `` Oh , God ! My poor darling Affie gone too '' , she wrote in her journal . , nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Queen Victoria first set foot in Spain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
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                }
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              "original_question": "What year did Queen Victoria first set foot in Spain?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17406_s",
          "context": "Following the war , some of these military airfields added civil facilities for handling passenger traffic . One of the earliest such fields was Paris -- Le Bourget Airport at Le Bourget , near Paris . The first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services was Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in August 1919 . , the first permanent airport and commercial terminal solely for commercial aviation was opened at Flughafen Devau near what was then Königsberg , East Prussia . The airports of this era used a paved `` apron '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "When does Hounslow heath airport start to operate regular international business services?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1919",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
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              "original_question": "When did the Hounslow Heath Aerodrome begin to operate scheduled international commercial services?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": "Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882 , then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile , the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901 , only to cast it aside again in 1935 . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , in 1959 , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
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            "annie besant",
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            {
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              "question": "Who resigned from the Freemasonry and returned to the Grand Hotel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maria Deraismes",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "original_question": "Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18068_s",
          "context": ", although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals . The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár -LRB- Alba Regia -RRB- had a mosaic decoration in the apse . It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen , executed in the first decades of the 11th century . The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century . It was executed by Venetian craftsmen .",
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            {
              "id": "5731792de6313a140071cf80_s",
              "question": "Where is the Royal Cathedral of the king of Hungary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Székesfehérvár",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings?"
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          "context": "Under New York State 's gradual abolition act of 1799 , children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties . Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves , a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan . Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay , the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children . , and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination . New York interracial abolitionist activism continued ; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1840",
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            {
              "id": "56cfbb5f234ae51400d9bf2b_s",
              "question": "When was the gradual abolition of New York established?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1799",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "The gradual abolition act in New York was formed in what year?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8150_s",
          "context": "In 1853 , Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . For example .",
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            {
              "id": "5724d4c80ba9f01400d97b87_s",
              "question": "Who is Victoria's eighth child?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leopold",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Victoria's eighth child? "
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10820_s",
          "context": "His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia , the papal civil service . , after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini , Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli , the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI . From Pius XI , whom he viewed with awe , he adopted the view , that learning is a life long process , and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini , with whom he got along well . The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939 , was a good omen for Montini , whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione . :",
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            {
              "id": "5726a578f1498d1400e8e5f5_s",
              "question": "When was pacheri elected pope?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 602
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Paccelli elected to the papacy?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3720_s",
          "context": "The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937 , then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops , and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI . The two organ cases .",
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            {
              "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9c_s",
              "question": "When was the organ made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1937",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the organ built? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-705_s",
          "context": "The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices . , 67 % of registered voters in the city are Democrats . New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924 . , Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80 % of the overall vote in New York City , sweeping all five boroughs . Party platforms center on affordable housing , education , and economic development , and labor politics are of importance in the city .",
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            "2012",
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              "id": "56d00d6d234ae51400d9c2e7_s",
              "question": "When did a Republican candidate win all four boroughs of New York City last year?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the last year that a republican candidate won all four boroughs of NYC?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14929_s",
          "context": "The first Madressa established in North America , Al-Rashid Islamic Institute , was established in Cornwall , Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz -LRB- Quran -RRB- and Ulama . The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and focuses on the traditional Hanafi school of thought and shuns Salafist / Wahabi teachings . Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a8ec3be1ee31400cb808d_s",
              "question": "When did the first religious school in North America begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1983",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first madrasa started in North America?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1493_s",
          "context": "Following the events in Olympia . Australian authorities stated that such a request , if it were to be made , would be refused . Chinese officials labeled it a rumor . Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators . , has said the ACCO would be taking `` thousands '' of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus , to support the torch relay . Zhang Rongan , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f70_s",
              "question": "Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were organizing \"peaceful display of strength\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhang Rongan",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a \"peaceful show of strength\"?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6469_s",
          "context": ", the county became increasingly urbanised , particularly the southern part . To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness , Blackburn , Bolton , Bootle , Burnley , Bury , Liverpool , Manchester , Oldham , Preston , Rochdale , Salford , and Warrington -LRB- 1900 -RRB- . The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions . The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated , with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs -- Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county , between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570ad7de4103511400d59a7e_s",
              "question": "When was Warrington allowed into Lancashire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Warrington added to Lancashire?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5792_s",
          "context": ", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago 's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs . , Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music 's classic anthems -- the seminal track `` Strings of Life '' . Transmat Records went on to have many more successful releases -LSB- citation needed -RSB- such as 1988 's `` Wiggin '' . As well , Derrick May had successful -LSB- citation needed -RSB- releases on Kool Kat Records and many remixes for a host of underground and mainstream recording artist .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5706adf975f01819005e7d1d_s",
              "question": "When was the best-selling book Viking published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 388
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "what year was the hit song \"wiggin\" released?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-451_s",
          "context": "The team worked on a Wii control scheme , adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface . A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint , but was unable to show the variety of Link 's movements . When the third-person view was restored , so the entire Wii version map was mirrored . -LSB- p -RSB- Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution , it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller . However , support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release . At E3 2006 , and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii . -LSB- p -RSB- Later , the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd9ed662d2951400fa6781_s",
              "question": "Who provided information on game control in December 2005?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "NGC Magazine",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2005?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4504_s",
          "context": ", a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees , mostly women . But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks , a process that requires half as many employees . Operating costs exceeded revenue , and the plant 's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure . But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help . After the plant closed , it was taken over by the government , which had been the guarantor of a $ 2 million loan to the business . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144c_s",
              "question": "When was the tuna file system closed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "In what year did the tuna loining plant shut down?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14423_s",
          "context": "Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century , samurai could be disloyal and treacherous -LRB- e.g. , cowardly , brave , or overly loyal -LRB- e.g. . Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors , who in turn allied themselves with higher lords . These loyalties to the higher lords often shifted ; for example , but the feudal lords under them could shift their support to Tokugawa , taking their samurai with them . There were , however , also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord or daimyo , when loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee7_s",
              "question": "Who did some feudal lords pass on their loyalty to Feng chenxiu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tokugawa",
                  "answer_start": 392
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Some feudal lords shifted loyalties from Toyotomi to whom?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7237_s",
          "context": ". The silk industry had disappeared , but there was a large production of hides and skins , wood , metals and foodstuffs , this last with substantial exports , particularly of wine and citrus . Small businesses predominated , but with the rapid mechanisation of industry larger companies were being formed . The best expression of this dynamic was in the regional exhibitions , including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda -LRB- Paseo de la Alameda -RRB- , which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry . Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the Art Nouveau style , such as the North Station -LRB- Gare du Nord -RRB- and the Central and Columbus markets .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570d257ab3d812140066d486_s",
              "question": "When did the exhibition show the progress of agriculture and industry?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was an exhibition held that showed agricultural and industrial progress?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5342_s",
          "context": "Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the \"father of the computer\", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.",
          "c_entity": [
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                  "text": "Charles Babbage",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "original_question": "Who is considered the \"father of the computer\"?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18060_s",
          "context": ". The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina , with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed , elongated angels . The Greek inscriptions , decorative patterns , and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina . The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily , dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ , was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel , the founder of the church .",
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              "id": "57316b0de6313a140071cf14_s",
              "question": "Who got the crown from Christ in the first porch mosaic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roger II",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who is receiving a crown from christ in the mosaic originally in the narthex?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11400_s",
          "context": "The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2 -- 4 km . , the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria , hinting that assets could be divested . , citing a range of issues including oil theft . , Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5726e6d6f1498d1400e8ef5c_s",
              "question": "When was the naijadertanembexi oil field discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?"
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          ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17242_s",
          "context": "In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ifab"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57305257069b531400832049_s",
              "question": "Who tries to create a winner without having to shoot 11 meters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the IFAB",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12370_s",
          "context": ", record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums , typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover . Most albums included three or four records , with two sides each , making six or eight tunes per album . When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949 , the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s , and was still often referred to as an `` album '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279e2cff5b5019007d9125_s",
              "question": "When did the record company start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 368
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the vinyl LP records Era begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8340_s",
          "context": ". Seleucus ' war elephants proved decisive . Meanwhile , Seleucus took Cilicia .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5725c25489a1e219009abe02_s",
              "question": "Who saved lusimaku in Phrygia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seleucus",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who saved Lysimachus in Phrygia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8605_s",
          "context": ". , and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur . The new building of the School of Arts and Trades . , the village of Peñarol was founded . , and in 1897 , the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1886",
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            "1889",
            "1891",
            "1888",
            "the same year",
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            "1882",
            "1890",
            "1892"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bdfa271a42140099d112_s",
              "question": "When will the main station in Montevideo be completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1897",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Central Railway Station of Montevideo inaugurated? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15441_s",
          "context": "Gaddafi was a very private individual . Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous , and asserted that he adored children . She was told by Gaddafi 's father that even as a child he had been `` always serious , even taciturn '' , a trait he also exhibited in adulthood . His father said that he was courageous , intelligent , pious , and family oriented .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "gaddafi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318f8ae6313a140071d09c_s",
              "question": "Who says Gaddafi loves children?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mirella Bianco",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14243_s",
          "context": ", the Emperor Napoleon III and the city 's first director of parks and gardens , Jean-Charles Alphand , created the Bois de Boulogne , the Bois de Vincennes , Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont , located at the four points of the compass around the city , as well as many smaller parks , squares and gardens in the Paris ' quarters . , the city has created 166 new parks . One of the newest parks , the Promenade des Berges de la Seine -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay , has floating gardens and gives a view of the city 's landmarks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "1992",
            "1987",
            "1853",
            "1997",
            "2013",
            "1870"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729068e1d04691400778f91_s",
              "question": "When was the gallery of Mount Seine built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 456
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11830_s",
          "context": ". , he met with a young black lawyer , Hobart Taylor Jr. , and gave him the task to co-author the executive order . He wanted a phrase that `` gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order . '' He was torn between the words `` positive action '' and `` affirmative action , '' and selected the later due to its alliterative quality . The term `` active recruitment '' started to be used as well . This order , albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation , in reality carried little actual power . The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors , leaving nearly $ 7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised. : 60",
          "c_entity": [
            "john f. kennedy",
            "hobart taylor jr.",
            "johnson"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572733c0dd62a815002e9986_s",
              "question": "Who is the co-author of the executive officer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hobart Taylor Jr.",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who co - authored the executive order?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13961_s",
          "context": "Among his contributions to philosophy is his claim to have solved the philosophical problem of induction. He states that while there is no way to prove that the sun will rise, it is possible to formulate the theory that every day the sun will rise; if it does not rise on some particular day, the theory will be falsified and will have to be replaced by a different one. Until that day, there is no need to reject the assumption that the theory is true. Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "popper"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b0f44b864d1900164c32_s",
              "question": "Who represents a method to solve the problem of inductive philosophy, the focus of which is counterfeiting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Popper",
                  "answer_start": 486
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2139_s",
          "context": "The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:",
          "c_entity": [
            "vitruvius"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e462c98c00841900fbaf70_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of architecture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vitruvius",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of  De architectura?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4396_s",
          "context": "Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia -- 92 . Despite being one of the founders of Cominform , soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program . Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism -LRB- sometimes referred to as `` national communism '' -RRB- . In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries . His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the `` brotherhood and unity '' of the six Yugoslav nations . , and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics . He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "the 1950s",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e3732e_s",
              "question": "When did Tito introduce the system of self-government to distinguish Yugoslavia from other socialist countries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1951",
                  "answer_start": 385
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8787_s",
          "context": "Remodelling of the structure began in 1762 . After his accession to the throne in 1820 , comfortable home . While the work was in progress , in 1826 , the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash . , and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution . The cost of the renovations grew dramatically , and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash 's designs resulted in his removal as architect . At one stage , after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "john nash",
            "edward blore",
            "king william iv",
            "george iv"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572611a9271a42140099d42e_s",
              "question": "Who is the chief architect who turned the house into a palace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Nash",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the main architect that transformed the house into the palace?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-217_s",
          "context": "Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA . Furthermore , appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor . Under this Act , FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials . , and publish the data . The FDA antibiotics labeling process , ` Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms ' or ` breakpoints ' , will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals . , senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts , `` By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets , and clarifying FDA 's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation , ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "cdc",
            "allan coukell",
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            "antibiotic development"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d91e4776f4190066134a_s",
              "question": "Who oversees the authorization of antibiotics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "FDA",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who regulates antibiotic approval?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14547_s",
          "context": "The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia , who is widely revered . On 14 July , people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino , the most important religious event of the year . The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who , it is believed , freed the city from the Black Death in 1624 . , and her remains were carried around the city three times , banishing the plague . There is a sanctuary marking the spot where her remains were found which can be reached via a scenic bus ride from the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "santa rosalia",
            "monte pellegrino"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572970446aef051400154eb2_s",
              "question": "Who is Palermo's favorite patron saint?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Santa Rosalia",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the popular patron saint of Palermo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9892_s",
          "context": ", which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada , as a solution to political unrest there . , which created the Province of Canada . , and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies . With the passage of the British North America Act , Upper and Lower Canada , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada , a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations . Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1839",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267b4add62a815002e869f_s",
              "question": "When will Australia achieve autonomy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "after 1900",
                  "answer_start": 544
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Australia achieve self-government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18590_s",
          "context": ", a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville , Dauphin County , Pennsylvania . In retirement , the former president did not completely retreat from political life ; he spoke at the 1964 Republican National Convention and appeared with Barry Goldwater in a Republican campaign commercial from Gettysburg . However , his endorsement came somewhat reluctantly because Goldwater had attacked the former president as `` a dime-store New Dealer '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mamie",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732833db9988014000c7655_s",
              "question": "Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barry Goldwater",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14249_s",
          "context": "Apollo -LRB- Attic , Ionic , and Homeric Greek : Ἀπόλλων ; Doric : Ἀπέλλων , Apellōn ; Arcadocypriot : Ἀπείλων , Apeilōn ; Aeolic : Ἄπλουν , Aploun ; Latin : Apollō -RRB- is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology . The ideal of the kouros -LRB- a beardless , athletic youth -RRB- , Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music , truth and prophecy , healing , the sun and light , plague , poetry , and more . Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto , and has a twin sister . Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "leto"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b3194b864d1900164c52_s",
              "question": "Who are Apollo's parents?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeus and Leto",
                  "answer_start": 531
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who are the parents of Apollo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2244_s",
          "context": ". Jasmine Bligh , one of the original announcers , made the first announcement , saying , ` Good afternoon everybody . How are you ? Do you remember me , Jasmine Bligh ? ' . The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later . -LSB- unreliable source ? -RSB- . -LSB- original research ? -RSB-",
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              "id": "56de7a464396321400ee293f_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to speak to the BBC when it reopened after the second world war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jasmine Bligh",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to speak on BBC when it was turned back on following World War II?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-755_s",
          "context": "In a 1964 interview . '' . When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate , Walter Cunningham , Calpurnia , their black cook , chastises and punishes her for doing so . , and later in the book even stands up to his sister , when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia . One writer notes that Scout , `` in Austenian fashion '' , satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify . : `` affirmation of order in society , obedience , courtesy , and respect for the individual without regard for status '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexandra",
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            "walter cunningham",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf477faab44d1400b88f16_s",
              "question": "Who are the scouts bullying at her house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Walter Cunningham",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13256_s",
          "context": ", the de facto ruler of the Bengal province , opposed British attempts to use these permits . This led to the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757 , led by Robert Clive . This was the first real political foothold with territorial implications that the British acquired in India . Clive was appointed by the company as its first ` Governor of Bengal ' in 1757 . This was combined with British victories over the French at Madras , along with wider British successes during the Seven Years ' War , reduced French influence in India . The British East India Company extended its control over the whole of Bengal . After the Battle of Buxar in 1764 ; this marked the beginning of its formal rule , which within the next century engulfed most of India . The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal . They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structure in Bengal , often with zamindars set in place .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bengal siraj ud daulah",
            "robert clive",
            "wandiwash",
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            "nawab",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b8862ca10214002da65a_s",
              "question": "Who appointed the East India Company governor of the state of Bengal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Clive",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the East India Company appoint as Governor of Bengal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6586_s",
          "context": ". A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security . , a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks , killing 241 Marines , killing 58 . Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon . While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant , political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "a second",
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            "october 23, 1983"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b48596b8089140040f85a_s",
              "question": "When did President Reagan withdraw from Lebanon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1984",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8888_s",
          "context": "In 1984 , each league had two divisions . The divisional winners met in a best-of-5 series to advance to the World Series , in a `` 2 -- 3 '' format , first two games were played at the home of the team who did not have home field advantage . Then the last three games were played at the home of the team , with home field advantage . Thus the first two games were played at Wrigley Field and the next three at the home of their opponents . In fact . In even numbered years . In odd numbered years .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nl"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266d49708984140094c59d_s",
              "question": "Where were the first two games of the 1984 winners?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wrigley Field",
                  "answer_start": 375
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the first two games of the 1984 division winners held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10674_s",
          "context": "The leading Cubist architects were Pavel Janák , Josef Gočár , Vlastislav Hofman , Emil Králíček and Josef Chochol . They worked mostly in Prague but also in other Bohemian towns . , Grand Café Orient . -- 1914 , Josef Chochol designed several residential houses under Vyšehrad . , designed by Emil Králíček in 1912 .",
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              "id": "5727bdf52ca10214002d953b_s",
              "question": "Where do the leading architects in Cuba work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prague",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the leading Cubist architects work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7687_s",
          "context": "In the shrinking PC industry , Dell continued to lose market share , as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world . Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo , Asus , and Acer , all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins . In addition , while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design , for instance Lenovo 's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell 's laptops , Dell 's customer service and reputation had been slipping . Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor , behind Apple Inc. 's Macintosh that took 45 percent , seven percent at Hewlett Packard , six percent at Lenovo and Asus , and one percent for Acer .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fc7d35ab6b81900390fce_s",
              "question": "When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "context": "... . the result , the logical end point , of a century-plus of pop . '' When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade , `` Why Beyoncé ? -LSB- ... -RSB- Because she made not one but two of the decade 's greatest singles , with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- , not to mention her hits with Destiny 's Child ; and this was the decade when singles -- particularly R&B singles -- regained their status as pop 's favourite medium . -LSB- ... -RSB- -LSB- She -RSB- and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years . '' In 2013 , Baz Luhrmann writing `` no one has that voice , no one moves the way she moves , no one can hold an audience the way she does , it 's an event , and it 's broadly influential . Right now , she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA -- the reigning national voice . '' In 2014 .",
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              "question": "Who says it is the voice of the dominant nation?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 606
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              "original_question": "Who said that she is the reigning national voice?"
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          "context": "Internationally , the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 -LRB- registered B-6075 -RRB- , painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games . Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause .",
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            {
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              "question": "When will Air China be the official torchbearer?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "March 2008",
                  "answer_start": 303
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              "original_question": "When was it decided that Air China would be the official torch carrier?"
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          "context": ". , King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small , comfortable home . While the work was in progress , in 1826 , the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash . Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House , and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution . The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV . The cost of the renovations grew dramatically . , his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work . At one stage , William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament .",
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              "question": "When did the king decide to turn it into a palace?",
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              "original_question": "What year did the king decide to make it into a palace?"
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          "context": ", Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman . , Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers `` in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan '' to return to Ukrainian territory . , Parliament voted overwhelmingly to shut down the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant . , it adopted a law on the economic sovereignty of the Ukrainian republic . -- 7 -- 1933 was held in Kiev . , The first `` Youth for Christ '' rally since 1933 took place held in Lviv , with 40,000 participants . -- 30 , the Green Party of Ukraine held its founding congress . , nearly 100,000 people marched in Kiev to protest against the new union treaty proposed by Gorbachev .",
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              "question": "When was the last Christian culture before the eighth meeting in September?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held?"
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          "context": ", Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin , and composed a set of variations , Souvenir de Paganini . It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études , -LRB- 1829 -- 32 -RRB- , exploring the capacities of his own instrument . On 11 August , three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory , he made his debut in Vienna . He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews -- in addition to some commenting -LRB- in Chopin 's own words -RRB- that he was `` too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists '' . In one of these concerts , he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano , Op. 2 -LRB- variations on an aria from Mozart 's opera Don Giovanni -RRB- for piano and orchestra . , where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor , Op. 21 on 17 March 1830 .",
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              "question": "Where did Chopin make his debut after graduation?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education?"
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          "context": "After his arrival in 1674 , Captain Damian de Esplana ordered the arrest of rebels who attacked the population of certain towns . Hostilities eventually led to the destruction of villages such as Chochogo , Pepura , Tumon , Sidia-Aty , Sagua , Nagan and Ninca. : 74 , the first Spanish Governor of Guam , Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions . He also ordered the construction of schools , roads and other infrastructure. : 75 -- 76 Later . He also continued the search for the rebels who had assassinated Father San Vitores , resulting in campaigns against the rebels which were hiding out in some islands , eventually leading to the death of Matapang , Hurao and Aguarin. : 77 -- 78 Quiroga brought some natives from the northern islands to Guam , ordering the population to live in a few large villages. : 78 -- 79 These included Jinapsan , Umatac , Pago , Agat and Inarajan , where he built a number of churches. , Quiroga had completed the pacification process in Guam , Rota , Tinian and Aguigan. : 85",
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          "context": "Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.",
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              "original_question": "When did Armenia remove its peacekeepers from Iraq?"
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          "context": "However , Mathews ' frustration with Whitehead 's books did not negatively affect his interest . In fact , there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago 's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications . In 1927 they invited one of America 's only Whitehead experts -- Henry Nelson Wieman -- to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead 's thought .",
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              "question": "When was Henry Nelson viman invited to Chicago seminary?",
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              "original_question": "When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?"
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          "context": "In college sports . , and annually attracts 25,000 to 30,000 fans . The University of Detroit Mercy has a NCAA Division I program , and Wayne State University has both NCAA Division I and II programs . The NCAA football Little Caesars Pizza Bowl is held at Ford Field each December .",
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              "original_question": "Where is the MAC Football Championship game played?"
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          "context": ", '' reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company 's products . While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position . , the company saw immediate changes in operations , the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company . These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards , and reduction of `` bureaucracy '' . Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty .",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Jim Schneider as Dell CFO?"
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "All Freemasons begin their journey in the `` craft '' by being progressively initiated , passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft . During these three rituals , the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols , and entrusted with grips , signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated . The initiations are part allegory and part lecture , and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon , and the artistry and death of his chief architect , Hiram Abiff . The degrees are those of Entered apprentice . While many different versions of these rituals exist , with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth , each version is recognisable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction .",
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              "question": "Who is the chief architect of the house of Solomon?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the chief architect of the Temple of Solomon?"
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          "context": "Kadamba -LRB- 345 -- 525 CE -RRB- was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka , India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district . The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions , an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers . King Mayurasharma defeated the armies of Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with help of some native tribes . The Kadamba fame reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma , a notable ruler with whom even the kings of Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital alliances . The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy . The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires , the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires , for over five hundred years during which time they branched into minor dynasties known as the Kadambas of Goa .",
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Kamdamba dynasty?"
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          "context": "Her Diamond Jubilee in 2012 marked 60 years on the throne , and celebrations were held throughout her realms , the wider Commonwealth , and beyond . In a message released on Accession Day , she stated : `` In this special year , as I dedicate myself anew to your service , I hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family , friendship and good neighbourliness ... I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart '' . She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom . On 4 June , Jubilee beacons were lit around the world . On 18 December , she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781 .",
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              "question": "Where is Elizabeth's anniversary trip?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Where did Elizabeth tour as a celebration of her jubilee?"
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          "context": "This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns.",
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                  "text": "Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie",
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              "original_question": "Who was Paris's first head of police?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6212_s",
          "context": "Imperial College Boat Club The Imperial College Boat Club was founded on 12 December 1919 . The club has been highly successful . The club has been home to numerous National Squad oarsmen and women and is open to all rowers not just students of Imperial College London .",
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              "question": "When was the rowing club established at Imperial University of technology?",
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                  "text": "12 December 1919",
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              "original_question": "Which day was the Imperial College Boat Club formed on?"
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          "context": "Bell was a British subject throughout his early life in Scotland and later in Canada until 1882 , when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States . , he characterized his status as : `` I am not one of those hyphenated Americans who claim allegiance to two countries . '' Despite this declaration , Bell has been proudly claimed as a `` native son '' by all three countries he resided in : the United States , Canada , and the United Kingdom .",
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              "question": "When did bell become a formal American?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1882",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Bell officially become an American?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5165_s",
          "context": "According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which the researchers dub the `` Ethio-Somali '' . It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis , representing the majority of their ancestry . The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component , and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago . On this basis , the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population -LRB- s -RRB- probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East . The population then likely split into two branches , with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn .",
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              "question": "Where did isio come from after Hodgson?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Near East",
                  "answer_start": 577
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              "original_question": "According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18548_s",
          "context": "President Truman , symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president , again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat . The effort was a long struggle ; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate , and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President . , who served as his campaign manager , and others succeeded in convincing him , and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time . , having won critical delegate votes from Texas . Eisenhower 's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan . -- matters in which he had once participated .",
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          "context": "After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosaics in the Basilica of San Vitale and Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo. The mosaic depicting Emperor Saint Justinian I and Empress Theodora in the Basilica of San Vitale were executed shortly after the Byzantine conquest. The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549. The anti-Arian theme is obvious in the apse mosaic of San Michele in Affricisco, executed in 545–547 (largely destroyed; the remains in Berlin).",
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              "question": "When did the greatest achievement of Christian mosaic happen?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the second half of the 6th century",
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              "original_question": "When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place?"
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        {
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          "context": "As of 2012 -LSB- update -RSB- research continued in many fields . The university president , John Jenkins , described his hope that Notre Dame would become `` one of the pre -- eminent research institutions in the world '' in his inaugural address . The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields . Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development , genome mapping , the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China , studies in fluid mechanics , computational science and engineering , and marketing trends on the Internet . As of 2013 , the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt .",
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          "context": "Formed in 1878 . Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins . , with two League Championship successes , an FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians .",
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              "question": "When was Everton founded?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Everton club founded?"
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          "context": ", co-founder of an influential Trax Records , was previously involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial and post-punk record store Wax Trax ! Records as an important connection between the ever-changing underground sounds of Chicago . As most proto-house DJs were primarily stuck to playing their conventional ensemble of dance records , two influential pioneers of house music , were known for their out-of-bounds behavior . The former , '' worked primarily with early disco music with a hint of new and different music -LRB- whether it was post-punk or post-disco -RRB- but still enjoying a variety of music , boiling with raw energy . , who would later appear with the Chicago house classic `` Move Your Body -LRB- The House-Music Anthem -RRB- .",
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              "id": "57069abf75f01819005e7c36_s",
              "question": "Who is Rachel Kane?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "co-founder of an influential Trax Records",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Rachel Cain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18227_s",
          "context": "Much of YouTube 's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos . YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue . , Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games . In February 2015 , Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2010",
            "february 2015",
            "may 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b52eb9d445190005e48c_s",
              "question": "When did Nintendo finally agree to share advertising profits with the original uploaders?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2015",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nintendo finally agree to share ad profits with the original uploaders?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4581_s",
          "context": "-- 29 BC -RRB- on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics -LRB- from Greek , `` On Working the Earth '' -RRB- which he dedicated to Maecenas . The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm . In handling this theme . The four books of the Georgics focus respectively on raising crops and trees -LRB- 1 and 2 -RRB- , livestock and horses -LRB- 3 -RRB- , and beekeeping and the qualities of bees -LRB- 4 -RRB- . Well-known passages include the beloved Laus Italiae of Book 2 , the prologue description of the temple in Book 3 , and the description of the plague at the end of Book 3 . Book 4 concludes with a long mythological narrative . Ancient scholars , conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced , at the emperor 's request , who was disgraced by Augustus , and who committed suicide in 26 BC .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018f_s",
              "question": "Who humiliated Garros?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Gallus disgraced by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8816_s",
          "context": ", employed at the time by Edison , developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes , such as the characteristic `` M '' shape of Maxim filaments . On 17 January 1882 , an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lewis latimer",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d9dd89a1e219009abfb9_s",
              "question": "Who hired Latimer when he first patented his invention?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edison",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8667_s",
          "context": "`` Poultry '' is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird , captive-raised for its utility , and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl -LRB- Galliformes -RRB- and waterfowl -LRB- Anseriformes -RRB- . `` Poultry '' can be defined as domestic fowls , including chickens , turkeys , geese and ducks , raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food . The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs -LRB- young pigeons -RRB- . In R. D. Crawford 's Poultry breeding and genetics , squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list , the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild . In his 1848 classic book on poultry , Ornamental and Domestic Poultry : Their History , and Management , guinea fowl , mute swan , turkey , various types of geese , the muscovy duck , other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams . In colloquial speech , or with `` poultry '' or even just `` bird '' , and many languages do not distinguish between `` poultry '' and `` fowl '' . Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds . Poultry can be distinguished from `` game '' , defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport , a word also used to describe the flesh of these when eaten .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edmund dixon",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c40889a1e219009abe23_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the book poultry breeding and genetics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "R. D. Crawford",
                  "answer_start": 562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14283_s",
          "context": "Coronis , was daughter of Phlegyas , King of the Lapiths . Pregnant with Asclepius , son of Elatus . A crow informed Apollo of the affair . When first informed he disbelieved the crow and turned all crows black -LRB- where they were previously white -RRB- as a punishment for spreading untruths . When he found out the truth he sent his sister , to kill Coronis -LRB- in other stories , Apollo himself had killed Coronis -RRB- . As a result , he also made the crow sacred and gave them the task of announcing important deaths . Apollo then killed him for what he did .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coronis",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dc28ff5b5019007da856_s",
              "question": "Who is furongya's daughter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Coronis",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the daughter of Phlegyas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5268_s",
          "context": "During the 11th century , developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity . There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of `` universals '' . In the late 11th and early 12th centuries cathedral schools spread throughout Western Europe , signalling the shift of learning from monasteries to cathedrals and towns . Cathedral schools were in turn replaced by the universities established in major European cities . Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism , an attempt by 12th - and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts . This movement tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason and culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas -LRB- d. 1274 -RRB- , who wrote the Summa Theologica , or Summary of Theology .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648d_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the theological summary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Aquinas",
                  "answer_start": 708
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who authored the Summa Theologica?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13444_s",
          "context": "The bank is based in Frankfurt , the largest financial centre in the Eurozone . Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty . The building is approximately 180 metres -LRB- 591 ft -RRB- tall and will be accompanied with other secondary buildings on a landscaped site on the site of the former wholesale market in the eastern part of Frankfurt am Main . The main construction began in October 2008 , and it was expected that the building will become an architectural symbol for Europe . While it was designed to accommodate double the number of staff who operate in the former Eurotower , that building has been retained since the ECB took responsibility for banking supervision and more space was hence required .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572832df4b864d19001646fe_s",
              "question": "When did the construction of the new bank begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2008",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did construction of the new bank begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1633_s",
          "context": ". The proposals address consumer protection , executive pay , bank financial cushions or capital requirements , expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives , among others . In January 2010 . The proposals were dubbed `` The Volcker Rule '' , in recognition of Paul Volcker , who has publicly argued for the proposed changes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barack obama",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338497d058e614000b5c4f_s",
              "question": "After whom is the new law known as the \"Volcker rule\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Volcker",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who were proposed new regulations called \"The Volcker Rule\" named after?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15454_s",
          "context": ". Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18 % of the population . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an `` extension of Anatolia '' by them , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece . In 1963 , which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic . , a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis , the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece . This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus , after a ceasefire collapsed , and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots . These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e7d9703f98919007566b8_s",
              "question": "When did the violence between Greeks and Cypriots take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 312
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the intercommunal violence between Greek and Cypriots occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8588_s",
          "context": ", marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan , Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development . In 1993 , Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools . , the local Taiwanese language program was further extended to all schools in Taiwan , and Taiwanese Hokkien became one of the compulsory local Taiwanese languages to be learned in schools . , Xiamen also began to implement the teaching of Hokkien dialect in its schools . , the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide . A number of universities in Taiwan also offer Hokkien degree courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents to work for the Hokkien media industry and education . Taiwan also has its own Hokkien literary and cultural circles whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry or literature in Hokkien on a regular basis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1993",
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            "2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c709f1498d1400e8eb03_s",
              "question": "When did Taiwan begin to teach Hokkaido at school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Taiwan begin teaching Hokkien in schools?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-311_s",
          "context": "As evident in his imperial edicts . Rolpe Dorje , 4th Karmapa Lama -LRB- 1340 , although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing . , one of many Buddhist monks at court , to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378 -- 1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef52_s",
              "question": "Who refused the invitation of the emperor of Hong Kong?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rolpe Dorje",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3962_s",
          "context": "In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78cf937bdd419002c4114_s",
              "question": "When was Kennedy shot?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was JFK shot?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11387_s",
          "context": ", he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992 . Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993 , with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola . , leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks . , and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726db26f1498d1400e8ed58_s",
              "question": "Who won Nigeria's general election in 1993?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11980_s",
          "context": "International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India , such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924 . This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14 , and from working in hazardous conditions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278c79dd62a815002ea00c_s",
              "question": "When was the Geneva Declaration on the rights of the child adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13449_s",
          "context": "Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map , that the St. John 's earned its name when he and his father , the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour , in the morning of 24 June 1494 -LRB- against British and French historians stating 1497 -RRB- , the feast day of Saint John the Baptist . However , the exact locations of Cabot 's landfalls are disputed . , and by 1540 French . In the Basque Country , where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John -LRB- in Spanish , and in Basque .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fe9a2ca10214002d9add_s",
              "question": "Where is pasaya Bay?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Basque Country",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Bay of Pasaia located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1518_s",
          "context": "In China , accusing the company 's major shareholder , the LVMH Group , of donating funds to the Dalai Lama . There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products . , Hefei and Wuhan , accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism . Some burned French flags , some added Swastika -LRB- due to its conotaions with Nazism -RRB- to the French flag , and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy . Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing , Wuhan , Hefei , Kunming and Qingdao , which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an , Harbin and Jinan . , and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words `` Beijing 2008 '' to show its support for the games . The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db7bd2e7c41114004b5192_s",
              "question": "Who is accused of helping the Dalai Lama?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LVMH Group",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1478_s",
          "context": "Argentina : The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires , Argentina , held on April 11 , began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur . In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer , Carlos Espínola . The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district , the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini . The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo . , which included a giant banner reading `` Free Tibet '' , and an alternative `` human rights torch '' that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take . Most of these protests were peaceful in nature , and the torch was not impeded . Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games , but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups . People showered the parade route with confetti as banks , government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame 's five-continent journey .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did the Olympic torch relay start in Buenos Aires?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 11",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Olympic torch relay begin in Buenos Aires?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2907_s",
          "context": "In 1926 , Universal opened a production unit in Germany , under the direction of Joe Pasternak . This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936 . With the advent of sound , these productions were made in the German language or , occasionally , Hungarian or Polish . In the U.S. , but at least some of them were exhibited through other , independent , foreign-language film distributors based in New York , without benefit of English subtitles .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "joe pasternak"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14a14e3433e1400422d63_s",
              "question": "Who manages Global's German production department?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Pasternak",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ran Universal's German production unit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8149_s",
          "context": "Victoria later described her childhood as `` rather melancholy '' . Her mother was extremely protective , and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called `` Kensington System '' , an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller , Sir John Conroy , who was rumoured to be the Duchess 's lover . The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable -LRB- including most of her father 's family -RRB- , and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them . , and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety . Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night , studied with private tutors to a regular timetable , Dash . Her lessons included French , German , Italian , and Latin , but she spoke only English at home .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57257bd469ff041400e58e01_s",
              "question": "Who is the chief executive of the Duchess?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir John Conroy",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11930_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with John Smyth as its pastor . Three years earlier , while a Fellow of Christ 's College , he had broken his ties with the Church of England . Reared in the Church of England , he became `` Puritan , English Separatist , and then a Baptist Separatist , '' and ended his days working with the Mennonites . -- 70 English Separatists , in the face of `` great danger . '' , separate from the established church -LRB- Anglican -RRB- . Smyth and his lay supporter , Thomas Helwys , together with those they led , broke with the other English exiles because Smyth and Helwys were convinced they should be baptized as believers . In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572792345951b619008f8ddf_s",
              "question": "Where did John Smyth go in exile?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amsterdam",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did John Smyth go into exile?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5797_s",
          "context": "One of the early anthemic tunes , `` Promised Land '' by Joe Smooth . Europeans embraced house , and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs , whose resident .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joe smooth",
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            "larry levan",
            "justin berkmann"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b03f0eeca41400aa0d23_s",
              "question": "Who published the hit show promised earth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Smooth",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who released the hit single \"promised land\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17038_s",
          "context": ", but since 2013 , the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city . There are also several minor league sports in the city , including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division -LRB- third tier of American soccer -RRB- and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball -LRB- an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants -RRB- . The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15 , 2010 . From 1966 through 2008 , the city was home to the Richmond Braves , a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball , until the franchise relocated to Georgia .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Where did the Richmond warriors go?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Georgia",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Richmond Braves move to?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5456_s",
          "context": ", the South used a colloquial term , the one-drop rule , to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry . Legally the definition varied from state to state . For instance , but , because they were born to slave mothers , they were born into slavery , according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem , which Virginia adopted into law in 1662 .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Virginia adopt the ciquette Ventron principle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1662",
                  "answer_start": 355
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6052_s",
          "context": "The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000 . Yeast , one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms , occurs naturally on the skins of grapes , leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine . The oldest winery was found in Armenia , dating to around 4000 BC . Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- and history attests to the ancient Greeks , Phoenicians , and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production -LSB- citation needed -RSB- .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the oldest known winery?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where is the oldest know winery located?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18045_s",
          "context": "Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome , gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages . The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period . Two other important 5th century mosaics are lost but we know them from 17th-century drawings . -- 472 , destroyed in 1589 -RRB- Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him , six on either side . -- 483 , destroyed in 1686 -RRB- Christ appeared in the center , flanked on either side by three Apostles . Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ . The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559 . The composition probably remained unchanged : Christ flanked by male and female saints , seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet . All three mosaics had a similar iconography .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who painted the frescoes instead of the mosaics in San sobina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taddeo Zuccari",
                  "answer_start": 716
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the artist that painted the fresco that replaced the mosaic at Santa Sobina?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10327_s",
          "context": "After HMS Sheffield was wrecked by an Argentinian attack , and the wider media queried the veracity of official information and worried about the number of casualties . `` There are traitors in our midst '' , wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May , accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian , of `` treason '' for aspects of their coverage .",
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              "question": "Who is the main character of the sun?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ronald Spark",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was lead writer of The Sun?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12840_s",
          "context": "The Second Sino-Japanese War was soon followed by the resumed Chinese Civil War , and the cities of East China fell to the Communists one after another , although it already saw some Communist activity since it was one area on the road of the Long March . Chiang Kai-Shek himself flew to Chongqing from Taiwan in November 1949 to lead the defense . But the same month Chongqing fell to the Communists , followed by Chengdu on 10 December . , but was recalled to Taiwan . Many of his soldiers made their way there as well , via Burma .",
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              "question": "Who led the Chongqing defense war in November 1949?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Chiang Kai-Shek",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the defense of Chongqing in November 1949?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12368_s",
          "context": "German record company Odeon is often said to have pioneered the album in 1909 when it released the Nutcracker Suite by Tchaikovsky on 4 double-sided discs in a specially designed package . -LRB- It is not indicated what size the records are . -RRB- However . ; however , HMV provided an album , with a pictorial cover .",
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              "question": "When was the album called the pioneer?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1909",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were albums said to be pioneered?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2754_s",
          "context": "Oklahoma City also has its share of very brutal crimes . The worst of which occurred in 1978 , when six employees of a Sirloin Stockade restaurant on the city 's south side were murdered execution-style in the restaurant 's freezer . An intensive investigation followed , and the three individuals involved , who also killed three others in Purcell , Oklahoma , were identified . One , Harold Stafford , died in a motorcycle accident in Tulsa not long after the restaurant murders . Another , Verna Stafford . Roger Dale Stafford , considered the mastermind of the murder spree .",
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            {
              "id": "56df5ca296943c1400a5d431_s",
              "question": "When were the six employees found dead in the refrigerator of a restaurant?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1978",
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              "original_question": "When were six employees found dead in a restaurants freezer?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14185_s",
          "context": ", particularly where street-front alignment , building height and building distribution is concerned . In recent developments , yet for some of the city 's more central quarters , even older building-height laws still remain in effect . A new project for La Defense , called Hermitage Plaza , launched in 2009 , proposes to build two towers , 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high , which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union , just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was Hermitage square launched?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2009",
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              "original_question": "When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?"
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          "context": "With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s , along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s , Atlantic City 's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming . Determined to expand . Nicknamed `` The Tunnel Project '' , Steve Wynn planned the proposed ` Mirage Atlantic City ' around the idea that he would connect the $ 330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles -LRB- 4.0 km -RRB- from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort . The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector , and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city 's marina district and Brigantine , New Jersey .",
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              "question": "Who did the Atlantic Urban Renewal Authority work with in 1999?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Steve Wynn",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5706_s",
          "context": "In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: \"self\" constituents (constituents of the body) do not trigger destructive immune responses, while \"nonself\" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft) trigger a destructive immune response. The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex \"two-signal\" activation of T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity and the self/nonself vocabulary have been criticized, but remain very influential.",
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              "id": "5706f93b9e06ca38007e926b_s",
              "question": "When was clone selection first proposed?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When was clonal selection theory first proposed?"
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          "context": ", wheat , barley , sugar cane , guano , sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport , the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century , continuing into the 20th century .",
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              "question": "Where is the shipyard?",
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              "original_question": "In what settlement were the dockyards located?"
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          "context": "On April 25, 2007, Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announced the settlement of their lawsuit. The Internet Archive said it \"...has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived. We recognize that Ms. Shell has a valid and enforceable copyright in her Web site and we regret that the inclusion of her Web site in the Wayback Machine resulted in this litigation.\" Shell said, \"I respect the historical value of Internet Archive's goal. I never intended to interfere with that goal nor cause it any harm.\"",
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              "original_question": "Who stated that they did not want to cause damage to the Internet Archive?"
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          "context": "In southeast Asian colonies , such as Hong Kong , child labour such as the Mui Tsai -LRB- 妹仔 -RRB- , was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities . The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with , `` it is a way to save these children from a worse fate . '' , and in exchange provided religious education , not secular education . Elsewhere , the Canadian Dominion Statutes in form of so-called Breaches of Contract Act , stipulated jail terms for uncooperative child workers .",
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              "question": "Where do British people turn a blind eye to child labor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hong Kong",
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              "original_question": "Where did the British turn a blind eye to child labour?"
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          "context": "South Tucson is actually the name of an independent , incorporated town of 1 sq mi -LRB- 2.6 km2 -RRB- , completely surrounded by the city of Tucson , sitting just south of downtown . South Tucson has a colorful , dynamic history . It was first incorporated in 1936 . The population consists of about 83 % Mexican-American and 10 % Native American residents . South Tucson is widely known for its many Mexican restaurants and the architectural styles which include bright outdoor murals , many of which have been painted over due to city policy .",
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              "question": "When was South Tucson founded?",
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                  "text": "1936",
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              "original_question": "When was South Tucson first incorporated?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12720_s",
          "context": ", Galicia has a very mild climate for the latitude and the marine influence affects most of the province to various degrees . , winters are exceptionally mild , with consistently heavy rainfall . Snow is rare due to temperatures rarely dropping below freezing . The warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C -LRB- 58.6 °F -RRB- . Due to its exposed north-westerly location , the climate is still very cool by Spanish standards . In coastal areas summers are temperered , averaging around 25 °C -LRB- 77 °F -RRB- in Vigo . Temperatures are further cooler in A Coruña , with a subdued 22.8 °C -LRB- 73.0 °F -RRB- normal . , where days above 30 °C -LRB- 86 °F -RRB- are very regular .",
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              "question": "Where is the warmest seaside station in Galicia?",
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                  "text": "Pontevedra",
                  "answer_start": 293
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Galicia's warmest coastal station?"
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          "context": ", Detroit was the capital of Michigan -LRB- first the territory , then the state -RRB- . -- 23 , 1813 -RRB- was part of a United States effort to retake the city , and American troops suffered their highest fatalities of any battle in the war . This battle is commemorated at River Raisin National Battlefield Park south of Detroit in Monroe County .",
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              "question": "When was Detroit recaptured?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1813",
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              "original_question": "In which year was Detroit recaptured?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13637_s",
          "context": "In 1873 , concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment . , included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin . , F.H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and hay fever .",
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              "question": "When was the first paper on asthma written?",
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                  "text": "In 1873",
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              "original_question": "When was the first paper written about asthma?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6228_s",
          "context": ", United Kingdom . It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum , Science Museum , Victoria and Albert Museum . , Queen Victoria , who laid the first stone . In 1907 , with a focus on science and technology . In 2004 .",
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              "question": "Who opened Imperial College of technology in 1907?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Queen Victoria",
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              "original_question": "Who opened the Imperial Institute in 1907?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16470_s",
          "context": ". , which was built in 1909 . The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s . McCabe 's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet . The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum .",
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              "id": "572f384404bcaa1900d76796_s",
              "question": "Where was the Academy Award held in the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Santa Monica Civic Auditorium",
                  "answer_start": 34
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the Academy Awards held in the 1960's?"
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          "context": "Prior to its UK release , Spectre mostly received positive reviews . , writing in The Guardian , gave the film four out of five stars , but was able to tap into audience expectations . Writing in the same publication , calling it `` inventive , intelligent and complex '' . In another five star review , The Daily Telegraph 's Robbie Collin described Spectre as `` a swaggering show of confidence ' '' , lauding it as `` a feat of pure cinematic necromancy . '' In an otherwise positive , but overall less enthusiastic review , and gave the film a 7.2 score -LRB- out of a possible 10 -RRB- , saying that `` the film falls frustratingly short of greatness . ''",
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              "id": "56ceef67aab44d1400b88ce6_s",
              "question": "Who gave the Daily Telegraph a perfect comment?",
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                  "text": "Robbie Collin",
                  "answer_start": 327
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave Spectre a perfect rating in The Daily Telegraph?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-604_s",
          "context": ", the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center , as well as by European immigration . , which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan . The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes . Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall , a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cee4d1aab44d1400b88c10_s",
              "question": "When was the Erie Canal built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Erie Canal finish building?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6653_s",
          "context": "The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to William Herschel , the astronomer , in the early 19th century . Herschel used a prism to refract light from the sun and detected the infrared , beyond the red part of the spectrum , through an increase in the temperature recorded on a thermometer . He was surprised at the result and called them `` Calorific Rays '' . The term ` Infrared ' did not appear until late in the 19th century .",
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              "id": "570b92846b8089140040f99a_s",
              "question": "Who detected infrared?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "William Herschel",
                  "answer_start": 51
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered infrared radiation?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18414_s",
          "context": "To a large extent , the minority leader 's position is a 20th-century innovation . Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized , so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader . However , various House members intermittently assumed the role of `` opposition leader . '' Some scholars suggest that Representative James Madison of Virginia informally functioned as the first `` minority leader '' because in the First Congress he led the opposition to Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton 's fiscal policies .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the position of minority leaders come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20th-century",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the minority leader position created? "
            }
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        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12454_s",
          "context": "`` Funday Night at the Movies '' was replaced in 2008 by `` Essentials Jr. '' , and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season -RRB- , which included such family-themed films as National Velvet , Captains Courageous and Yours , Mine and Ours , Jr. , The Music Box , Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much .",
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            {
              "id": "57278bc7708984140094e06a_s",
              "question": "Who started organizing essentials Jr in 2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bill Hader",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10005_s",
          "context": "In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S. , Canada , and Europe . It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004 , earning around $ 120 million and became the subject of her documentary I 'm Going to Tell You a Secret . In November 2004 , she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members , along with The Beatles , Elvis Presley , Bob Marley , and U2 . , Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song `` Imagine '' at Tsunami Aid .",
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            {
              "id": "5726dfaedd62a815002e9383_s",
              "question": "When was Madonna admitted to the British Hall of fame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2004",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Madonna inducted into the UK Hall of Fame?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2662_s",
          "context": "The Angel , Islington was formerly a coaching inn , the first on the route northwards out of London , where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man . It was mentioned by Charles Dickens , became a Lyons Corner House , and is now a Co-operative Bank .",
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              "question": "Where is the angel in London?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Islington",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what district of London is The Angel located?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17583_s",
          "context": ". It is also agreed that `` no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture '' . But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers . Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are , it is pointed out , so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual . Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as `` in every respect holy '' , `` in all things unstained '' , `` super-innocent '' , and `` singularly holy '' are applied to her ; she is compared to Eve before the fall , as ancestress of a redeemed people ; she is `` the earth before it was accursed '' . The well-known words of St. Augustine -LRB- d. 430 -RRB- may be cited : `` As regards the mother of God , '' he says , `` I will not allow any question whatever of sin . '' It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin . But his argument is that all men are sinners ; that they are so through original depravity ; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God , and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin `` of every sort '' -LRB- omni ex parte -RRB- .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is often regarded as the paragon of all holiness, not Mary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eve before the fall",
                  "answer_start": 602
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4445_s",
          "context": "His next relationship was with Herta Haas , whom he married in 1940 . , leaving Haas pregnant . In May 1941 , she gave birth to their son . All throughout his relationship with Haas , who , served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary . , his Belgrade residence .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e75_s",
              "question": "Who did Tito marry in the 1940s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herta Haas",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Tito marry in 1940?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3324_s",
          "context": "Another initiative , presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino , which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient . This , much like the green housing developments , gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communities that support the environment . The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free , in-home energy assessment .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781e_s",
              "question": "Who invented the incentives to upgrade the entire building in Boston?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mayor Thomas Menino",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12102_s",
          "context": "In December 1831 , he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist . He read Charles Lyell 's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore , found Lyell 's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes . , and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their `` centre of creation '' . The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised , degraded savages '' , and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals . As the Beagle neared England in 1836 , he noted that species might not be fixed .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5727790a708984140094de94_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the principles of geology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Lyell",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Principles of Geology?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8504_s",
          "context": ", the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture . Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period -- Victorien Sardou 's Madame Sans-Gêne -LRB- 1893 -RRB- .",
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              "id": "5726f90b5951b619008f83c8_s",
              "question": "When was Victoria Sadu's \"Mrs. sans-gvo-234\" written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1893",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1549_s",
          "context": "In addition to numerous articles on mathematics , Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject : A Treatise on Universal Algebra -LRB- 1898 -RRB- . The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians , while the latter book was intended for a larger audience , covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Whitehead write his first book?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1898",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Whitehead write his first book? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15798_s",
          "context": "The Communist Party of China , founded in 1920 , adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union . Under Party leader Mao Zedong , the Party anthem became `` The East Is Red '' , and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a `` red sun '' . During the Cultural Revolution in China , Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards , and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies . , with eighty million members .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5731639ce6313a140071cec0_s",
              "question": "When was the community Chinese party founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1920",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Community Party of China created?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1998_s",
          "context": "Each cardinal takes on a titular church , either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees . The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches . Nevertheless , cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of goods , discipline , or the service of their titular churches . , in coordination with the staff of the church . They often support their churches monetarily , and many Cardinals do keep in contact with the pastoral staffs of their titular churches .",
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              "id": "56ddeba09a695914005b96c2_s",
              "question": "Where does the cardinal work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do the cardinals work?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18093_s",
          "context": "The double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed . The tesserae are placed face-up on a medium -LRB- often adhesive-backed paper , sticky plastic or soft lime or putty -RRB- as it will appear when installed . When the mosaic is complete , a similar medium is placed atop it . The piece is then turned over , the original underlying material is carefully removed , and the piece is installed as in the indirect method described above . In comparison to the indirect method , this is a complex system to use and requires great skill on the part of the operator , to avoid damaging the work . Its greatest advantage lies in the possibility of the operator directly controlling the final result of the work , which is important e.g. when the human figure is involved . This method was created in 1989 by Maurizio Placuzzi and registered for industrial use -LRB- patent n. 0000222556 -RRB- under the name of his company , now Sicis The Art Mosaic Factory Srl .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57319138a5e9cc1400cdc0ba_s",
              "question": "Who invented the double indirect method?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Maurizio Placuzzi",
                  "answer_start": 888
                }
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              "original_question": "Who invented the double indirect method?"
            }
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          "context": "City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois -LRB- CTS -RRB- , consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km -LRB- 34.7 mi -RRB- . With more than 500 km -LRB- 311 mi -RRB- of bicycle paths . , and its predecessors , also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960 , complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962 .",
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              "question": "Who drives the Strasbourg tram?",
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                  "text": "regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who operates the Strasbourg tramway?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-453_s",
          "context": ". For the trailers , three pieces were written by different composers . Michiru Ōshima created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56d131c217492d1400aabbdb_s",
              "question": "Who designed the orchestra for the game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michiru Ōshima",
                  "answer_start": 72
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              "original_question": "Who created orchestral arrangements for the game?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9459_s",
          "context": "After World War II . Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries , developing a unique culture . Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany . Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572696a1708984140094cb0a_s",
              "question": "Where were the Germans forced to move after World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "westwards to allied-occupied Germany",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13291_s",
          "context": "On 18 June 1953 , the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared . , after assuming power , Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the `` guardians of the people 's interests '' against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day tasks of government to civilians . They asked former prime minister Ali Maher to accept reappointment to his previous position , and to form an all-civilian cabinet . , however , as the latter viewed many of Nasser 's schemes -- agrarian reform , abolition of the monarchy , reorganization of political parties -- as too radical , culminating in Maher 's resignation on 7 September . , and Nasser that of deputy prime minister . In September , the Agrarian Reform Law was put into effect . In Nasser 's eyes .",
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              "id": "5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99ac_s",
              "question": "Who did Nasser recruit as Prime Minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ali Maher",
                  "answer_start": 340
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Nasser recruit to be Prime Minister?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2997_s",
          "context": "The March 1906 Scientific American article by American pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils and hydroplanes . Based on information gained from that article he began to sketch concepts of what is now called a hydrofoil boat .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56dfb42e7aa994140058dff9_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the paper that designed the hydrofoil and water surface?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William E. Meacham",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the paper laying out hydrofoils and hydroplanes?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8329_s",
          "context": "`` Hellenistic '' is a modern word and a 19th-century concept ; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece . Although words related in form or meaning , e.g. Hellenist -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνιστής , Hellēnistēs -RRB- , have been attested since ancient times , it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century , who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus , i.e. History of Hellenism . Following Droysen , Hellenistic and related terms , e.g. Hellenism , have been widely used in various contexts , where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802574b864d19001641ff_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word \"Hellenization\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J. G. Droysen",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term \"Hellenistic?\""
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11378_s",
          "context": "The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain , the Netherlands , Portugal and private companies , as well as various African states and non-state actors . With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities , Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807 . Following the Napoleonic Wars , Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves . It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves ; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown , a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain . , deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko , helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye . British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland . , Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church .",
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              "question": "When did Britain ban the slave trade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1807",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain outlaw slave trade?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6283_s",
          "context": "-- 1900 -RRB- . James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology , psychology of religious experience/mysticism , and the philosophy of pragmatism . Lange was a Danish physician and psychologist . Working independently , they developed the James -- Lange theory , a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions . The theory states that within human beings , as a response to experiences in the world , the autonomic nervous system creates physiological events such as muscular tension , a rise in heart rate , perspiration , and dryness of the mouth . Emotions , then , are feelings which come about as a result of these physiological changes , rather than being their cause .",
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              "question": "When did Lange die?",
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                  "text": "1900",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In what year did Lange die?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6361_s",
          "context": "With the new stadium , Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup , which , consisted of the best teams of Languedoc , Midi and Aquitaine -LRB- Southern France -RRB- , the Basque Country and Catalonia ; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region . The contest was the most prestigious in that era . , Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times . Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion , managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell . The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona , which local rivals Espanyol won .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "570c9341fed7b91900d459fd_s",
              "question": "When was the last Pyrenees Cup held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 551
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14928_s",
          "context": "In 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state schools, and authorised implementation of the Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC) in private-run madaris. While there are state-recognised Islamic schools, such as Ibn Siena Integrated School in the Islamic City of Marawi, Sarang Bangun LC in Zamboanga and SMIE in Jolo, their Islamic studies programmes initially varied in application and content.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a8e06f75d5e190021fb6c_s",
              "question": "When was Maurice accepted in Mindanao?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "original_question": "When did madaris become more accepted in Mindanao?"
            }
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          "context": ", Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square . , the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury . They became Tottenham Hotspur 's nearest club , commencing the North London derby . In 2006 , they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway . -- 15 , with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football . -- 15 , Arsenal 's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world .",
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              "id": "5725caa738643c19005acd06_s",
              "question": "When did Arsenal move to Holloway?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6332_s",
          "context": "In late December , Barcelona 's appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated , leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows . On 5 January 2015 . The next month .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carles rexach",
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            {
              "id": "570c3666ec8fbc190045bdc8_s",
              "question": "Who exactly did Barcelona ask for a serious transfer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Court of Arbitration for Sport",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6614_s",
          "context": "The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s , particularly electric blues , which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style , heavy guitar riffs , string-bending blues-scale guitar solos , strong beat , thick riff-laden texture , and posturing performances . Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms , distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s , who captured a `` grittier , nastier . Other antecedents include Link Wray 's instrumental `` Rumble '' in 1958 , such as `` Let 's Go Trippin ' '' -LRB- 1961 -RRB- and `` Misirlou '' -LRB- 1962 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "willie johnson",
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            "james cotton",
            "joe hill louis"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b638b6b8089140040f911_s",
              "question": "Who recorded the rumble?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Link Wray",
                  "answer_start": 522
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recorded \"Rumble\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17669_s",
          "context": "The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.",
          "c_entity": [
            "18 september 1947"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c734_s",
              "question": "When did the air force break up with the US Army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 September 1947",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the USAF split from the US Army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16259_s",
          "context": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:",
          "c_entity": [
            "1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f714b04bcaa1900d7695b_s",
              "question": "When will Russia and the central powers sign a ceasefire agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the armistice signed between Russia and Central powers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11559_s",
          "context": "-- German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe . , for example , David Glantz opposing such claims . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a `` conspiracy to conduct war of aggression . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "mikhail meltyukhov",
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            "albert l. weeks",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e0415951b619008f80f7_s",
              "question": "Who thinks Joseph Stalin has plans to invade Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Glantz",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8640_s",
          "context": "In the early 1970s -LRB- 1973 , to be particular -RRB- when the military junta took over power in Uruguay , art suffered in Montevideo . The art studios went into protest mode , with Rimer Cardillo , one of the country 's leading artists , Montevideo a `` hotbed of resistance '' . Consequently , the learning of fine arts was only in private studios run by people who had been let out of jail , in works of printing and on paper and also painting and sculpture . It resumed much later .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rimer cardillo",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d9a889a1e219009abfb2_s",
              "question": "Who is the National Academy of fine arts?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rimer Cardillo",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the National Institute of Fine Arts?"
            }
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18640_s",
          "context": "The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters , many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa . The Pregones Theater , which produces Latin American work , opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx . Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area . However rising prices directly correlate to a housing shortage across the city and the entire metro area .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732698fb9d445190005eafc_s",
              "question": "When did the new pregan theatre open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Pregones' new theater open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11645_s",
          "context": "The discipline of ecology typically traces its origin to the synthesis of Darwinian evolution and Humboldtian biogeography , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Equally important in the rise of ecology , however , were microbiology and soil science -- particularly the cycle of life concept . The word ecology was coined by Ernst Haeckel , whose particularly holistic view of nature in general -LRB- and Darwin 's theory in particular -RRB- was important in the spread of ecological thinking . In the 1930s , which combined experimental soil science with physiological concepts of energy and the techniques of field biology . The history of ecology in the 20th century is closely tied to that of environmentalism ; the Gaia hypothesis , first formulated in the 1960s , and spreading in the 1970s , and more recently the scientific-religious movement of Deep Ecology have brought the two closer together .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis pasteur",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282cbb2ca10214002d9fe8_s",
              "question": "Who invented the word \"ecology\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ernst Haeckel",
                  "answer_start": 332
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with the word \"ecology\"?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17023_s",
          "context": "Other Fortune 500 companies , while not headquartered in the area , do have a major presence . These include SunTrust Bank -LRB- based in Atlanta -RRB- . UPS Freight , the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57344560879d6814001ca451_s",
              "question": "Where is the headquarters of sun trust bank?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Atlanta",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-56_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter -LRB- / biːˈjɒnseɪ , songwriter , record producer and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . Managed by her father , Mathew Knowles , the group became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé 's debut album , Dangerously in Love -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , which established her as a solo artist worldwide , earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Crazy in Love '' and `` Baby Boy '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d43ce42ccc5a1400d830b6_s",
              "question": "When did beyoncobc233 release her first solo album?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1300_s",
          "context": "For the finals , 2008 , along with a new on-air look . David Cook 's performance of `` Billie Jean '' on top-ten night was lauded by the judges . David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1f69e7c41114004b4da6_s",
              "question": "Who was taken to the hospital after the ninth top show?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Cook",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was taken to the hospital after the top nine show?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1285_s",
          "context": ", later known simply as `` Fantasia '' , at Top 8 was widely praised , and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show . Fantasia released as her coronation single `` I Believe '' . Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist , who placed seventh , became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barrino",
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            "fantasia",
            "hudson",
            "tamyra gray"
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            {
              "id": "56db193ce7c41114004b4cfc_s",
              "question": "Who says summer in barino is the best time of the four seasons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Cowell",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8722_s",
          "context": ". , when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares -LRB- 29.9 % -RRB- . In April 2011 , taking his shareholding to 62.89 % . As of June 2015 . Ivan Gazidis has been the club 's Chief Executive since 2009 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "farhad moshiri",
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            "alisher usmanov",
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            "nina bracewell-smith",
            "arsenal",
            "ivan gazidis"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572609bf271a42140099d3db_s",
              "question": "Who is the chief executive of Arsenal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ivan Gazidis",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Arsenal's Chief Executive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12615_s",
          "context": "In July 2015 , Eton accidentally sent emails to 400 prospective students . The email was intended for nine students , but an IT glitch caused the email to be sent to 400 additional families , who did n't necessarily have a place . In response , the school issued the following statement . We take this type of incident very seriously indeed and so a thorough investigation , overseen by the headmaster Tony Little and led by the tutor for admissions , is being carried out to find out exactly what went wrong and ensure it can not happen again . Eton College offers its sincere apologies to those boys concerned and their families . We deeply regret the confusion and upset this must have caused . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5727f8004b864d19001640d0_s",
              "question": "When did an email sent at random to potential students at Eton justify an apology to each family?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "July 2015",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was an accidental email sent to potential students of Eton that warranted a personal apology to each family?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13608_s",
          "context": "A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281f4a2ca10214002d9e58_s",
              "question": "Who was rejected as the new president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Djotodia",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was refused as new president?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3058_s",
          "context": "Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'Écho des savanes in 1972 . , such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant , even mainstream publishers took to publishing prestige-format adult comics .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56e032687aa994140058e354_s",
              "question": "When did it start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was L'Écho des savanes begun?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-491_s",
          "context": "The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015 . It received mixed reviews from critics and fans , particularly in comparison to Adele 's `` Skyfall '' . It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart . The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film , which went unused .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba3_s",
              "question": "When did the theme of the ghost appear in digital form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 September 2015",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2355_s",
          "context": "The settlement of Plympton , was also an early trading port . , meaning south town in Old English . The name Plym Mouth , meaning `` mouth of the River Plym '' was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211 . See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When was Plymouth first mentioned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1211",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "In what year was the first written reference to Plymouth made?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12292_s",
          "context": "Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak 's Atlantic Coast services , running two lines , the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star , both terminating in New York City . , MIA Mover , Tri-Rail , Miami International Airport , and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown . The station was expected to be completed by 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a84c9be1ee31400cb8074_s",
              "question": "When should Miami central station be completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Miami Central Station originally supposed to have been completed?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2155_s",
          "context": "In Renaissance Europe , from about 1400 onwards . Buildings were ascribed to specific architects -- Brunelleschi , Alberti , Michelangelo , Palladio -- and the cult of the individual had begun . There was still no dividing line between artist , architect and engineer , or any of the related vocations , and the appellation was often one of regional preference .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e48c5d39bdeb1400347982_s",
              "question": "When did the revival of classical learning begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1400 onwards",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Classical learning revival begin?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16941_s",
          "context": "In early 1942 , the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council , based in Washington . , with a subsidiary body in Washington . However , the smaller powers continued to push for an American-based body . The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington , on 1 April 1942 , with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , his key advisor Harry Hopkins , Australia . The council never had any direct operational control , and any decisions it made were referred to the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff , which was also in Washington . Allied resistance , at first symbolic , gradually began to stiffen .",
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              "question": "Where is the Joint Chiefs of staff?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Washington",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
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              "original_question": "Where was the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff located?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7482_s",
          "context": "Francis Hutcheson , a moral philosopher , described the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides , in his words , `` the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers '' . Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method -LRB- the nature of knowledge , evidence , experience .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who says virtue brings \"the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Francis Hutcheson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that virtue provides \"the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers\"? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3691_s",
          "context": "The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site . This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years . In the present era , the Fishmonger 's Company still gives a salmon every year . The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s , installed a community of Benedictine monks here .",
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            "saint peter",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8d4b899e8941900975eb9_s",
              "question": "Who would think of St. Peter on the Thames?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aldrich",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2166_s",
          "context": ", a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture . Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund , formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects . The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here . Following this lead , the Bauhaus school , founded in Weimar , redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history , viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis -- the apex -- of art , craft , and technology .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56e4b51e39bdeb14003479a4_s",
              "question": "When did the German Federation begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1907",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4906_s",
          "context": ", but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism , which saw the independence of Greece , Serbia , the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria . , Macedonia and Thrace -- 13 .",
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            {
              "id": "56f8da749b226e1400dd10f1_s",
              "question": "When did the Ottoman Empire lose its entire empire except Constantinople and East Thrace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 9
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              "original_question": "When did the Ottoman Empire lose all of it's empire except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2566_s",
          "context": "The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth , or about 723 million people . His first words when he stepped off the LM 's landing footpad were , `` That 's one small step for -LSB- a -RSB- man , one giant leap for mankind . '' . Altogether . The next day , they performed the first launch from another celestial body , and rendezvoused back with Columbia .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did they join Columbia University from the moon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The next day",
                  "answer_start": 276
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12526_s",
          "context": "The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance.",
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            {
              "id": "5727b2003acd2414000de9f8_s",
              "question": "Where is most of the transportation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the New York City subway system",
                  "answer_start": 251
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does most of In Transit take place? "
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16674_s",
          "context": "Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia.",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the Transcaucasia SFSR formed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "4 March 1922",
                  "answer_start": 168
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              "original_question": "When was the Transcaucasian SFSR formed?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-106_s",
          "context": "... . the result , the logical end point , of a century-plus of pop . '' , Llewyn-Smith wrote , `` Why Beyoncé ? -LSB- , with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- , not to mention her hits with Destiny 's Child -- particularly R&B singles -- regained their status as pop 's favourite medium . -LSB- . '' , Beyoncé made the Time 100 list , Baz Luhrmann writing `` no one has that voice , no one moves the way she moves , no one can hold an audience the way she does ... When Beyoncé does an album , when Beyoncé sings a song , when Beyoncé does anything , it 's an event , and it 's broadly influential . , she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA -- the reigning national voice . '' In 2014 , Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Beyonce return to the top 100 list?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 710
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Beyonce than appeared again on the Time 100 list in what year?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13468_s",
          "context": ". , and Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee . The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901 . Today . , c. 1795 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who received the first transatlantic radio transmission?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Guglielmo Marconi",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
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              "original_question": " Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14416_s",
          "context": "Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn -LRB- 1556 ? -RRB- , a Dutch colleague of Adams ' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde , was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu . It appears Joosten became a samurai -LSB- citation needed -RSB- and was given a residence within Ieyasu 's castle at Edo . , this area at the east exit of Tokyo Station is known as Yaesu -LRB- 八重洲 -RRB- . Yaesu is a corruption of the Dutchman 's Japanese name , Yayousu -LRB- 耶楊子 -RRB- . Also in common with Adam 's , Joostens was given a Red Seal Ship -LRB- 朱印船 -RRB- allowing him to trade between Japan and Indo-China . On a return journey from Batavia Joosten drowned after his ship ran aground .",
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              "question": "When was Jane Johnston van lodenstein born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1556",
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              "original_question": "Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born?"
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          "context": "In March 1984 , Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser , the LD-700 . It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top . , but the player , which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator , was made only in limited quantities . After Pioneer released the LD-700 , gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players , despite their advantages .",
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              "question": "When did pioneer release ld-700?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "March 1984",
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              "original_question": "When did Pioneer release the LD-700?"
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          "context": "On 11 April 1951 , Commander-in-Chief Truman relieved the controversial General MacArthur , the Supreme Commander in Korea . There were several reasons for the dismissal . , leading to major allied losses . He believed that whether or not to use nuclear weapons should be his own decision , not the President 's . , Truman was more pessimistic about his chances once involved in a land war in Asia , and felt a truce and orderly withdrawal from Korea could be a valid solution . , which determined that he had defied the orders of the President and thus had violated the U.S. Constitution . , and directed the war from the safety of Tokyo .",
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              "question": "Who doesn't believe MacArthur's claim that victory is the only respectable result?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did not have faith in MacArthur's claim that victory was the only respectable outcome?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13090_s",
          "context": "The Flying Fathers , a Canadian group of Catholic priests , regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity . One of the organization 's founders , Les Costello .",
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              "question": "Who founded the father of flying?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Les Costello",
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Flying Fathers?"
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        {
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          "context": "The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.",
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              "question": "When was the Central Cemetery built?",
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                  "text": "1835",
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              "original_question": "What year was the Central Cemetery founded?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6322_s",
          "context": "Like Maradona , Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale . However , new heroes emerged , such as Luís Figo , Patrick Kluivert , Luis Enrique and Rivaldo . In 1999 , the club celebrated its centenari , winning the Primera División title . Despite this domestic success .",
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              "question": "When did 100 year old Barcelona celebrate?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1999",
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              "original_question": "When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9931_s",
          "context": "20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who put forward the idea that cells can grow in vitro?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gottlieb Haberlandt",
                  "answer_start": 514
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              "original_question": "Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5913_s",
          "context": "Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006 , and was the first non -- English manager of England . Despite controversial press coverage of his personal life , Eriksson was consistently popular with the majority of fans . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup , and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He lost only five competitive matches during his tenure , and England rose to an No. 4 world ranking under his guidance . However .",
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              "question": "Who was the first non British to lead the English football team?",
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                  "text": "Sven-Göran Eriksson",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first non-English person to manage England's football team?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9988_s",
          "context": "In January 1989 , Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft-drink manufacturer , Pepsi . In one of her Pepsi commercials , she debuted her song `` Like a Prayer '' . The corresponding music video featured many Catholic symbols such as stigmata and cross burning , and a dream of making love to a saint , leading the Vatican to condemn the video . Religious groups sought to ban the commercial and boycott Pepsi products . Pepsi revoked the commercial and canceled her sponsorship contract . The song was included on Madonna 's fourth studio album , Like a Prayer , which was co-written and co-produced by Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray . Madonna received positive feedback for the album , with Rolling Stone writing that it was `` as close to art as pop music gets '' . Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 15 million copies worldwide , with 4 million copies sold in the U.S. alone . Six singles were released from the album , including `` Like a Prayer '' , which reached number one , and `` Express Yourself '' and `` Cherish '' , both peaking at number two . , Billboard and Musician magazine .",
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              "question": "When did Madonna sign the ad with Pepsi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1989",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna sign an endorsement deal with Pepsi?"
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          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2142_s",
          "context": "The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the \"art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them\" contributes \"to his mental health, power, and pleasure\".",
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              "question": "Who wrote the building with seven lights?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Ruskin",
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10406_s",
          "context": "Carnival celebrations , usually referred to as Mardi Gras -LRB- Fat Tuesday in French -RRB- , were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area , but now occur in many states . , all of which have celebrated for many years with street parades and masked balls .",
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              "question": "Where was the carnival first held?",
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              "original_question": "Where was Mardi Gras first celebrated?"
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          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16811_s",
          "context": ". Each club is a shareholder , with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts . The clubs elect a chairman , chief executive , and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league . The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards , who was appointed in April 1999 , appointed in November 1999 . The former chairman and chief executive . , but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league .",
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              "question": "Who is the current premier league leader?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Dave Richards",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5201_s",
          "context": "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis . It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban . Upon independence in 1960 , the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic .",
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              "question": "Who invented the Somali flag?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohammed Awale Liban",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who devised the Somali flag?"
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          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15016_s",
          "context": "On April 18 , 1985 , Kerry and Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa traveled to Nicaragua and met the country 's president . While in Nicaragua , Kerry and Harkin talked to people on both sides of the conflict . Through the senators . , but Kerry said `` I am willing ... . to take the risk in the effort to put to test the good faith of the Sandinistas . '' .",
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            {
              "id": "572abd76111d821400f38d15_s",
              "question": "Who did Kerry visit Nicaragua with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Senator Tom Harkin",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kerry visit Nicaragua with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16480_s",
          "context": ". The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail . , Silver in 2013 -RRB- by the League of American Bicyclists . Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke , a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition . Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "november 2015"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302e1c947a6a140053d227_s",
              "question": "When was the last Santa Monica bike friendly community award awarded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to Santa Monica? "
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3610_s",
          "context": "Rumors began swirling with regards to bringing the AFL back to Austin and San Antonio , Texas . , but an AFL spokesman , BJ Pickard , was quoted as saying , `` News to me . '' Announcements have yet to be made on any sort of expansion plans . An expected `` big announcement '' on Friday .",
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              "id": "56e7a48137bdd419002c42ca_s",
              "question": "Who has served as a spokesman for the AFL during this time?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "BJ Pickard",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who worked as an AFL spokesman during this period?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-250_s",
          "context": ", the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger . The composer frequently took Solange 's side in quarrels with her mother ; he also faced jealousy from Sand 's son Maurice . Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand 's radical political pursuits , while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain . As the composer 's illness progressed , Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin , whom she called her `` third child '' . In letters to third parties , she vented her impatience , referring to him as a `` child , '' a `` little angel '' , a `` sufferer '' and a `` beloved little corpse . '' In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani , whose main characters -- a rich actress and a prince in weak health -- could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin ; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin , who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer 's galleys . In 1847 he did not visit Nohant , in Sand 's words . '' The two would never meet again .",
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            {
              "id": "56d354c659d6e414001462d0_s",
              "question": "When did Chopin end his relationship with sander?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1847",
                  "answer_start": 626
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              "original_question": "When did Chopin end his relationship with Sand?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-228_s",
          "context": "During 1824 , at a number of locales . -LSB- n 4 -RSB- In 1824 and 1825 , at Szafarnia , he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski , the father of a schoolmate . Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music . His letters home from Szafarnia -LRB- to which he gave the title `` The Szafarnia Courier '' -RRB- , written in a very modern and lively Polish , amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster 's literary gift .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was Rick when he visited safania in 1824 and 1825?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dominik Dziewanowski",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18058_s",
          "context": "The great Navicella mosaic -LRB- 1305 . The giant mosaic , commissioned by Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi , was originally situated on the eastern porch of the old basilica and occupied the whole wall above the entrance arcade facing the courtyard . This extraordinary work was mainly destroyed during the construction of the new St. Peter 's in the 17th century . , and whose sail , filled by the storm , loomed over the horizon . Such a natural representation of a seascape was known only from ancient works of art .",
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              "question": "Who commissioned navisera mosaic?",
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                {
                  "text": "Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who commissioned the Navicella mosaic?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7085_s",
          "context": "Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216 , and John assembled a naval force to intercept him . Unfortunately for John , his fleet was dispersed by bad storms and Louis landed unopposed in Kent . John hesitated and decided not to attack Louis immediately , either due to the risks of open battle or over concerns about the loyalty of his own men . Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated . John saw several of his military household desert to the rebels , including his half-brother , William Longespée .",
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              "question": "When did Prince Louis land in southern England?",
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                  "text": "May 1216",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12419_s",
          "context": "Ultimately . The RCA Victor New Orthophonic curve was within the tolerances for the NAB/NARTB .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who invented the new orthopedic curve?",
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                  "text": "RCA Victor",
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              "original_question": "Who developed the New Orthophonic curve?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11198_s",
          "context": ", sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers , commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora , to side with French and British forces during the war. : 111 -- 12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French , especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter . The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea , and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya -LRB- 16 August 1855 -RRB- and in the siege of Sevastopol , allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war , where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers .",
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            {
              "id": "57271960708984140094d9af_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the soldiers sent by Camilo dicavo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Alfonso La Marmora",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the soldiers sent by Camillo di Cavour?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16300_s",
          "context": "In Canada , `` the 51st state '' is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken , Canada 's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States . Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988 , the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter , and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57307298396df9190009610b_s",
              "question": "When was the free trade agreement between Canada and the United States adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 274
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13608_s",
          "context": "A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013 , which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé , one pro-Bozizé individual , and a number representatives of civil society . , the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government . After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President , proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57281f4a2ca10214002d9e56_s",
              "question": "When will the new government come into power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 March 2013",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the new Government seated in CAR?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6465_s",
          "context": "Lancashire had a lively culture of choral and classical music , with very large numbers of local church choirs from the 17th century , leading to the foundation of local choral societies from the mid-18th century , often particularly focused on performances of the music of Handel and his contemporaries . It also played a major part in the development of brass bands which emerged in the county , particularly in the textile and coalfield areas , in the 19th century . The first open competition for brass bands was held at Manchester in 1853 , and continued annually until the 1980s . The vibrant brass band culture of the area made an important contribution to the foundation and staffing of the Hallé Orchestra from 1857 . The same local musical tradition produced eminent figures such as Sir William Walton -LRB- 1902 -- 88 -RRB- , son of an Oldham choirmaster and music teacher , Sir Thomas Beecham -LRB- 1879 -- 1961 -RRB- , who began his career by conducting local orchestras and Alan Rawsthorne -LRB- 1905 . The conductor David Atherton , co-founder of the London Sinfonietta . Lancashire also produced more populist figures , such as early musical theatre composer Leslie Stuart -LRB- 1863 -- 1928 -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "570acb424103511400d599fe_s",
              "question": "Where was the first open competition of Yeh church held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Manchester",
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              "original_question": "Where was the first open competition for brass bands held?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17863_s",
          "context": "Qianlong 's reign saw the launch of several ambitious cultural projects , including the compilation of the Siku Quanshu , or Complete Repository of the Four Branches of Literature . With a total of over 3,400 books , 79,000 chapters , and 36,304 volumes , the Siku Quanshu is the largest collection of books in Chinese history . Nevertheless , Qianlong used Literary Inquisition to silence opposition . The accusation of individuals began with the emperor 's own interpretation of the true meaning of the corresponding words . If the emperor decided these were derogatory or cynical towards the dynasty , persecution would begin . , but became a pattern under Qianlong 's rule , during which there were 53 cases of literary persecution .",
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              "id": "57313c97e6313a140071cd6c_s",
              "question": "Who created Siku Quanshu?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Qianlong",
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              "original_question": "Who created the Siku Quanshu?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2363_s",
          "context": "The 1-mile-long -LRB- 2 km -RRB- Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport ; work started in 1812 . , a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport , to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction .",
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              "question": "When did the construction of Plymouth breakwater begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1812",
                  "answer_start": 169
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did construction commence on Plymouth Sound Breakwater?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8188_s",
          "context": ". She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . Salisbury 's government only lasted a few months , however , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
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              "question": "Who replaced Gladstone?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Gladstone?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16249_s",
          "context": "In 1912 , the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President . But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai , who had effective control of the Beiyang Army . To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic , leaders agreed to Army 's demand that China be united under a Beijing government . , in Beijing , Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China .",
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              "question": "When was the Republic of China founded?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Republic of China established?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14160_s",
          "context": "By the end of the 12th century , Paris had become the political , economic , religious , and cultural capital of France . In 1163 , during the reign of Louis VII , bishop of Paris . , a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology , and later in canon law , medicine and the arts .",
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              "id": "5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d5_s",
              "question": "Who led the construction of Notre Dame cathedral?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Louis VII",
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              "original_question": "Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10472_s",
          "context": "Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath , and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton . , when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions . , and since joining the elite they have won promotion again . , when they reached the League One playoff final , but lost to Blackpool at the newly reopened Wembley Stadium . Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final . Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5726b346dd62a815002e8d4e_s",
              "question": "When will jovier qualify for the Champions League",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final",
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              "original_question": "When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17193_s",
          "context": "The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee . , this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used . Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles , Atlantic archipelago , British-Irish Isles , Britain and Ireland , UK and Ireland , and British Isles and Ireland . Owing to political and national associations with the word British , the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments , the archipelago is referred to simply as `` these islands '' . Nonetheless , British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago .",
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              "id": "5730144a04bcaa1900d7713c_s",
              "question": "When did John Dee use the name of this illegal immigrant in English?",
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                  "text": "1577",
                  "answer_start": 83
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              "original_question": "When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12443_s",
          "context": "In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival celebrates Hollywood and its movies, and features celebrity appearances, special events, and screenings of around 50 classic movies including several newly restored by the Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.",
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              "id": "57277c71dd62a815002e9e66_s",
              "question": "Where is greyman's Chinese theatre?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hollywood",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Grauman's Chinese Theater located?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18086_s",
          "context": "The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus . The mosque was built between 706 and 715 . The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building . This is evidenced by the partly Byzantine style of the decoration . The mosaics of the inner courtyard depict Paradise with beautiful trees , flowers and small hill towns and villages in the background . The mosaics include no human figures , which makes them different from the otherwise similar contemporary Byzantine works . The biggest continuous section survives under the western arcade of the courtyard , called the `` Barada Panel '' after the river Barada . It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world , at over 4 m2 . In 1893 a fire damaged the mosque extensively , and many mosaics were lost , although some have been restored since .",
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              "id": "57318af105b4da19006bd26d_s",
              "question": "Where is the Umayyad Mosque?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Damascus",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the the Umayyad Mosque located?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4438_s",
          "context": "During his life and especially in the first year after his death , several places were named after Tito . Several of these places have since returned to their original names , formerly Titovo Užice , which reverted to its original name in 1992 . , the capital , have all reverted to their original pre -- World War II and pre-communist names as well . In 2004 , Antun Augustinčić 's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion . It was subsequently repaired . Twice in 2008 , organized by a group called Circle for the Square -LRB- Krug za Trg -RRB- , with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name , while a counter-protest by Citizens ' Initiative Against Ustašism -LRB- Građanska inicijativa protiv ustaštva -RRB- accused the `` Circle for the Square '' of historical revisionism and neo-fascism . Croatian president Stjepan Mesić criticized the demonstration to change the name . , mostly in the country 's north . , and Tito 's statue in a park in front of the university campus -LRB- ex . The largest Tito monument in the world , about 10 m -LRB- 33 ft -RRB- high : Titov trg -RRB- , Slovenia . , the largest Slovenian port city .",
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            {
              "id": "56f82341aef2371900625e13_s",
              "question": "Where was Anton Augustine born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kumrovec",
                  "answer_start": 419
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the birthplace of Antun Augustincic?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6627_s",
          "context": ". , which reached number five in the UK , hit the top five in five other countries , and was a platinum-seller in the US . After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album , Fair Warning . It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track `` Jump '' . Heart , made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which hit number one and contained four Top 10 singles including their first number one hit . Among the first were ZZ Top , who mixed hard blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles , beginning with `` Gim me All Your Lovin ' '' -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads , Foreigner 's `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "570b6ef56b8089140040f958_s",
              "question": "When did zztop release the eliminator?",
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              "original_question": "In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3580_s",
          "context": "Jim Foster , a promotions manager with the National Football League , conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981 . While at the game , he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope , with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay . , where he received praise and encouragement for his concept . After solidifying the rules and a business plan , and supplemented with sketches by a professional artist , Foster presented his idea to various television networks .",
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              "id": "56e797a637bdd419002c41c9_s",
              "question": "Who was Jim Foster's employer before he founded the arena Football League?",
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                  "text": "the National Football League",
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              "original_question": "Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14389_s",
          "context": ", and again in 1597 , Toyotomi Hideyoshi , aiming to invade China -LRB- 唐入り -RRB- through Korea , mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea . -LRB- See Hideyoshi 's invasions of Korea , Chōsen-seibatsu -LRB- 朝鮮征伐 ? -RRB- . Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku period , Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea . Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory -LRB- present-day Manchuria -RRB- bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria , but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there , as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force . A few of the more famous samurai generals of this war were Katō Kiyomasa , Konishi Yukinaga , and Shimazu Yoshihiro . Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai and , despite being heavily outnumbered , near the conclusion of the campaigns . Yoshihiro was feared as Oni-Shimazu -LRB- `` Shimazu ogre '' -RRB- and his nickname spread across not only Korea but to Ming Dynasty China . In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces , ultimately the two expeditions failed -LRB- though they did devastate the Korean landmass -RRB- from factors such as Korean naval superiority -LRB- which , led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin , harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars , resulting in supply shortages on land -RRB- , the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea , Korean guerrilla actions , Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared , under-trained , and under-armed ; they were rapidly overrun , with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1597 , Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and , with the support of continued Korean naval superiority , limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea -RRB- , and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5728ef234b864d19001650c9_s",
              "question": "When was Toyoda's second time in Korea?",
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                {
                  "text": "1597",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send an army to Korea a second time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11742_s",
          "context": "The black-body problem was revisited in 1905 . These proofs are commonly known as the `` ultraviolet catastrophe '' , a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911 . The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to `` the theory of radiation and quanta '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572929766aef051400154b01_s",
              "question": "Who invented the word \"UV disaster\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Ehrenfest",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with the term, \"ultraviolet catastrophe\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-266_s",
          "context": "With his health further deteriorating , Chopin desired to have a family member with him . , and in September , supported by a loan from Jane Stirling , he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12 . After 15 October , when his condition took a marked turn for the worse , only a handful of his closest friends remained with him . ''",
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            {
              "id": "56d3823659d6e414001465b8_s",
              "question": "Who lent Chopin an apartment in September?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15459_s",
          "context": ", under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities . In a reversal from the days of Latin rule . This status ensured that the Church of Cyprus was in a position to end the constant encroachments of the Roman Catholic Church . Ottoman rule of Cyprus was at times indifferent , at times oppressive , depending on the temperaments of the sultans and local officials , and the island began over 250 years of economic decline .",
          "c_entity": [
            "church of cyprus",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f4_s",
              "question": "Who had hoped that the Church of Cyprus would end these attacks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roman Catholic Church",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Church of Cyprus hoping to end encroachments of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14402_s",
          "context": "-- 1600 -RRB- was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu . On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara , he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east . Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible . In an act of loyalty to his lord , Torii chose to remain behind , pledging that he and his men would fight to the finish . As was custom , Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive . In a dramatic last stand . In a moving last statement to his son Tadamasa , he wrote :",
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            {
              "id": "5728f45c6aef0514001548b2_s",
              "question": "When did Tori mototada die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1600",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Torii Mototada die?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10097_s",
          "context": "London 's first and only cable car , known as the Emirates Air Line , opened in June 2012 . Crossing the River Thames , linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city , the cable car is integrated with London 's Oyster Card ticketing system , although special fares are charged . Costing £ 60 million to build , it carries over 3,500 passengers every day , although this is very much lower than its capacity . Similar to the Santander Cycles bike hire scheme .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57288a124b864d1900164a83_s",
              "question": "When did the only cable car in London start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2012",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the single cable car operating in London begin service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16612_s",
          "context": "At the end of the first decade of the 21st century , downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community . The primary project was Rio Nuevo . Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south , I-10 to the west , and 6th Street to the north , and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific -LRB- formerly Southern Pacific -RRB- railroad tracks . Downtown is divided into the Presidio District , the Barrio Viejo , and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District . Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district , which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573422784776f41900661913_s",
              "question": "When did the revival of Tucson center begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "At the end of the first decade of the 21st century",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6249_s",
          "context": "In the late eighteenth - and early nineteenth-century Germany , three pioneer physical educators -- 1852 -RRB- -- created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics . Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano , was born on February 19 , 1770 in Valence and died on August 8 , 1848 in Paris . He was a Spanish colonel , and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France . , rings and high bar in international competition .",
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            {
              "id": "570cebbdb3d812140066d315_s",
              "question": "Who introduced pedagogy in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced educative gymnastics in France?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9406_s",
          "context": "The most recognizable icon of Mexico City is the golden Angel of Independence on the wide , elegant avenue Paseo de la Reforma , modeled by the order of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico after the Champs-Élysées in Paris . This avenue was designed over the Americas ' oldest known major roadway in the 19th century to connect the National Palace -LRB- seat of government -RRB- with the Castle of Chapultepec , the imperial residence . Today . , which extends 28.8 km -LRB- 17.9 mi -RRB- and is one of the longest single avenues in the world .",
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              "question": "Who created the independent angel?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the order of the Emperor Maximilian",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
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              "original_question": "Who made the Angel of Independence?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8078_s",
          "context": "Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan . Six months later in the same year , in the interest of peace , Hasan ibn Ali , highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker , and the Second Imam for the Shias , and the grandson of Muhammad , made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I . , Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure , and after his death he not establish a dynasty . This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis , and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph . Following this , with its capital in Damascus .",
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              "question": "Where is the capital of the Umayyads?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Damascus",
                  "answer_start": 651
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7149_s",
          "context": "Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser . In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role . , some -LSB- who ? -RSB- believe it is reasonable to suggest that lasers will play a major role in air defence starting in the next ten years .",
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              "id": "570d4bd6b3d812140066d653_s",
              "question": "When was it believed that lasers could play a more important role in air defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the next ten years",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do some people believe that lasers can play a more prominent role in air defence?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18760_s",
          "context": ", but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular . Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C , newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat . , when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C . , referred to as barsat , which brings relief in its wake .",
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              "question": "When did Punjab's weather patterns become unpredictable?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "since the early 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17835_s",
          "context": ". `` gold '' -RRB- state in honor both of the 12 , `` gold '' -RRB- -RRB- . His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636 . There are competing explanations on the meaning of Qīng -LRB- lit . `` clear '' or `` pure '' -RRB- . The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty -LRB- 明 -RRB- , which consists of the Chinese characters for `` sun '' -LRB- 日 -RRB- and `` moon '' -LRB- 月 -RRB- , both associated with the fire element of the Chinese zodiacal system . , both associated with the water element . This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water . The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri . The Manchu name daicing , may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means `` warrior '' . Daicing gurun may therefore have meant `` warrior state '' , a pun that was only intelligible to Manchu and Mongol people . In the later part of the dynasty , however , even the Manchus themselves had forgotten this possible meaning .",
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              "question": "Who renamed the Qing Dynasty 1363?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hong Taiji",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who renamed the Qing dynasty in 1363?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6214_s",
          "context": "In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council .",
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              "question": "Who awarded the medal of Empire?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Privy Council",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who granted Imperial degree-awarding powers?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15451_s",
          "context": "Following his defeat in the civil war , who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press . In July 2012 . , and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister . In January 2013 .",
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              "id": "57319432e6313a140071d0cd_s",
              "question": "Who was the prime minister initially appointed by the national government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mustafa A.G. Abushagur",
                  "answer_start": 126
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15711_s",
          "context": ", known as the Lords Proprietors , on March 24 , 1663 . It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions . , in 1670 . Governance , settlement , and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke .",
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              "question": "Who made the \"big model\" plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Locke",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who prepared the plan known as \"the Grand Model\"?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4426_s",
          "context": ", travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959 , though he did n't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader , Ne Win .",
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              "question": "Who followed Wu Nu to Burma?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ne Win",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded U Nu in Burma?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2496_s",
          "context": "The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book , The Essence of Christianity -LRB- 1841 -RRB- , which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man 's inward nature .",
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              "id": "56dee1f3c65bf219000b3dbf_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"the essence of Christianity\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ludwig Feuerbach",
                  "answer_start": 50
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote \"The Essence of Christianity\"?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14255_s",
          "context": "As sun-god and god of light , Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes -LRB- / əˈɡliːtiːz / ə-GLEE-teez ; Αἰγλήτης , from αἴγλη , `` light of the sun '' -RRB- / ˈhiːliəs / HEE-lee-əs ; Ἥλιος , literally `` sun '' -RRB- , Phanaeus -LRB- / fəˈniːəs / fə-NEE-əs ; Φαναῖος , Phanaios , literally `` giving or bringing light '' -RRB- / laɪˈsiːəs / ly-SEE-əs ; Λύκειος , from Proto-Greek * λύκη , `` light '' -RRB- . The meaning of the epithet `` Lyceus '' later became associated with Apollo 's mother Leto , who was the patron goddess of Lycia -LRB- Λυκία -RRB- and who was identified with the wolf -LRB- λύκος -RRB- , earning him the epithets Lycegenes -LRB- / laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz / ly-SEJ-ə-neez ; Λυκηγενής / laɪˈkɒktənəs / ly-KOK-tə-nəs ; Λυκοκτόνος , from λύκος , `` wolf '' , and κτείνειν , `` to kill '' -RRB- . As god of the sun , Apollo was called Sol -LRB- / ˈsɒl / SOL , literally `` sun '' in Latin -RRB- by the Romans .",
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              "question": "Who is the patron saint of lysia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Leto",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the patron goddess of Lycia?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5279_s",
          "context": "During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops . Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art , with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses . In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio , followed by the Trecento master Giotto -LRB- d. 1337 -RRB- , greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco . ; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces , combs , and small religious figures have survived .",
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              "question": "When did Giotto die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1337",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Giotto die?"
            }
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ". , meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor . The Lord Cowley wrote on 8 February to Burgoyne `` Your visit to Paris has produced a visible change in the Emperor 's views , and he is making every preparation for a land expedition in case the last attempt at negotiation should break down . '' : 411",
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              "question": "Where did burgorn go when people were sent to Dardanelle's?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "As men were sent to the Dardanelles, where did Burgoyne go?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18647_s",
          "context": ", working-class , urban culture . , set in Highbridge , occasionally delved into Bronx life . Paddy Chayefsky 's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life was also explored by Chayefsky in his 1956 film The Catered Affair , A Bronx Tale , centered in an Italian-American Bronx community , and Doughboys , the story of two Italian-American brothers in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother 's gambling debts .",
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            {
              "id": "57326bf10fdd8d15006c6ab7_s",
              "question": "When was extramarital affairs published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Catered Affair' released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10488_s",
          "context": "In 1909 -- 10 , football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905 -- 06 to solve the problem of serious injuries . There was a mood of alarm and mistrust , and , while the crisis was developing , the presidents of Harvard . , A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard . Their attempts , however . The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority , but changes did reduce injuries .",
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              "id": "57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1d_s",
              "question": "Who represents Harvard in the rules debate?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "A. Lawrence Lowell",
                  "answer_start": 259
                }
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              "original_question": "Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11065_s",
          "context": ", two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina 's 2nd district , the last in 1898 . George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws . They were unsuccessful . , the state legislature passed a new constitution , with voter registration rules that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites . Loss of the ability to vote disqualified black men -LRB- and later women -RRB- from sitting on juries and serving in any office , local , state or federal . The rising black middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance , and the Republican Party was no longer competitive . , sit on juries and serve in local offices .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726aec3f1498d1400e8e71a_s",
              "question": "When was the last time two black MPs were elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1898",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the last time two black congressmen were elected?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17633_s",
          "context": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger , founded 1898 . During German rule , the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority . The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat . During South African rule , the white bias continued , with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the `` South West African '' media system . Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order , critical journalists threatened .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1898",
            "1969",
            "1981"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57310c82a5e9cc1400cdbbdf_s",
              "question": "When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1898",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4507_s",
          "context": "Most of the residents are Marshallese, who are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. A minority of Marshallese have some recent Asian ancestry, mainly Japanese. About one-half of the nation's population lives on Majuro, the capital, and Ebeye, a densely populated island. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally traditional.",
          "c_entity": [
            "thousand years ago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f976e69e9bad19000a095f_s",
              "question": "When did the marshals immigrate from mainland Asia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "several thousand years ago",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From when did the Marshallese migrate from the Asian continent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17697_s",
          "context": ", under the authority , direction , and control of the Secretary of Defense .",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
            "chief of staff",
            "secretary of defense",
            "air force",
            "department of defense"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ee17497a881900248a72_s",
              "question": "Who is the air chief contacting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Secretary of Defense",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . In the 1979 film The Warriors , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "1993",
            "2007",
            "2005",
            "1974",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c89e99e3014001e679f_s",
              "question": "When was the film \"the Tramp\" published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Wanderers' movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-604_s",
          "context": ", the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center , as well as by European immigration . , which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan . The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes . Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall , a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "1811",
            "1825"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfbc57234ae51400d9bf31_s",
              "question": "When was the Erie Canal built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Erie Canal was finished being built in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16939_s",
          "context": ". Churchill wanted them diverted to Burma , but Curtin insisted on a return to Australia . In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south pacific",
            "port moresby",
            "mid-east",
            "singapore",
            "burma",
            "united states",
            "northern"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731f87ae17f3d1400422594_s",
              "question": "Where does Churchill want the Australian division to go to Singapore?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Burma",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12224_s",
          "context": "Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account : Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles , before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews . After being flogged , Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the `` King of the Jews '' , clothed in a purple robe , crowned with thorns , beaten and spat on . Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "judaea",
            "gethsemane",
            "judea",
            "rome",
            "sanhedrin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727721ef1498d1400e8f84e_s",
              "question": "Where was Jesus arrested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gethsemane",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Jesus arrested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1633_s",
          "context": ". The proposals address consumer protection , executive pay , bank financial cushions or capital requirements , expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives , among others . In January 2010 . The proposals were dubbed `` The Volcker Rule '' , in recognition of Paul Volcker , who has publicly argued for the proposed changes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barack obama",
            "paul volcker",
            "federal reserve"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338497d058e614000b5c50_s",
              "question": "Who openly advocates changing the ability of banks to participate in proprietary trading?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Volcker",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7704_s",
          "context": "Dell announced a change campaign called `` Dell 2.0 , '' reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company 's products . While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position . With the return of Michael Dell as CEO , the company saw immediate changes in operations , the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company . Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans -LRB- part of the `` Dell 2.0 '' initiative -RRB- to improve the company 's financial performance . These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards , reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12 , and reduction of `` bureaucracy '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael dell",
            "sec",
            "rollins",
            "donald carty",
            "jim schneider"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fd59c5ab6b8190039105e_s",
              "question": "Who gave up the position of chief executive in order to have a place on the board?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Dell",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who relinquished his position as CEO to take a seat on the board?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8039_s",
          "context": ", and Gerhard Domagk . This work , also based in the testing of compounds available from the German dye industry , led to the development of Prontosil , the first representative of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics . Compared to arsphenamine , the sulfonamides had a broader spectrum of activity and were far less toxic , rendering them useful for infections caused by pathogens such as streptococci . In 1939 , Domagk received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this discovery . Nonetheless , the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing , and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II .",
          "c_entity": [
            "josef klarer",
            "gerhard domagk",
            "bayer",
            "fritz mietzsch",
            "ehrlich"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aaa3310f8ca14003052ad_s",
              "question": "Who won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1939?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gerhard Domagk",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11933_s",
          "context": "Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, \"Spilsbury's cogent arguments for a gathered, disciplined congregation of believers baptized by immersion as constituting the New Testament church gave expression to and built on insights that had emerged within separatism, advanced in the life of John Smyth and the suffering congregation of Thomas Helwys, and matured in Particular Baptists.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1638"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727db044b864d1900163ea4_s",
              "question": "When did John spielsbury advocate strict diving?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1638",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John Spilsbury promote the strict practice of immersion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1506_s",
          "context": "A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated. About 2,200 police were deployed on the streets, there were no interruptions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "bureau of telecommunications regulation"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db756ce7c41114004b5141_s",
              "question": "Who denies that the closure was politically motivated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1253_s",
          "context": ", which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars . Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain . He then added other elements , such as telephone voting by the viewing public -LRB- which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest -RRB- , the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time . The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner -- the executive producer and production leader , and was a big success with the viewing public .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nigel lythgoe",
            "simon fuller",
            "simon cowell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b34_s",
              "question": "Who saw pop stars in Australia and hoped that there would be such people in Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nigel Lythgoe",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2954_s",
          "context": ". His first two pupils were `` deaf mute '' girls who made remarkable progress under his tutelage . While his older brother seemed to achieve success on many fronts including opening his own elocution school , applying for a patent on an invention , and starting a family , Bell continued as a teacher . However , in May 1870 , Melville died from complications due to tuberculosis , causing a family crisis . His father had also suffered a debilitating illness earlier in life and had been restored to health by a convalescence in Newfoundland . Bell 's parents embarked upon a long-planned move when they realized that their remaining son was also sickly . Acting decisively , Alexander Melville Bell asked Bell to arrange for the sale of all the family property , -LSB- N 8 -RSB- conclude all of his brother 's affairs -LRB- Bell took over his last student , curing a pronounced lisp -RRB- , and join his father and mother in setting out for the `` New World '' . Reluctantly , Bell also had to conclude a relationship with Marie Eccleston , who , as he had surmised .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "south",
            "kensington",
            "newfoundland",
            "london"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df82285ca0a614008f9bca_s",
              "question": "Where did Bell's father recover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newfoundland",
                  "answer_start": 531
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Bell's father go to recover from illness?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10095_s",
          "context": ". The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network , allowing Eurostar services to begin . , high-speed trains link St. Pancras International with Lille , Paris , Brussels and European tourist destinations via the High Speed 1 rail link and the Channel Tunnel . , North West England , and Yorkshire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2009",
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            "night",
            "a second",
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            "the 20th century"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572884edff5b5019007da2a2_s",
              "question": "When was the canal tunnel opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Channel Tunnel open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-265_s",
          "context": "At the end of November , Chopin returned to Paris . He passed the winter in unremitting illness , but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends . Occasionally he played , for his friends . During the summer of 1849 , his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot , out of the centre of the city , for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer , Princess Obreskoff .",
          "c_entity": [
            "delacroix",
            "jenny lind",
            "obreskoff",
            "delfina potocka",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06f_s",
              "question": "Who paid Chopin's apartment anonymously?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Princess Obreskoff",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3393_s",
          "context": "The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f8717aa994140058e847_s",
              "question": "When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Church advocated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3922_s",
          "context": ", decori urbium ' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson , who had been honorary secretary until 1839 . , when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe . The description in the 1837 by-laws was : `` gules , two lions rampant guardant or , supporting a column marked with lines chevron , proper , all standing on a base of the same , anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV ; above a mural crown proper .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eric gill",
            "joan hassall",
            "usui",
            "institute of british architects",
            "angela mace",
            "thomas leverton donaldson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0c_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for using the Usui civic decori urbium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Leverton Donaldson",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12899_s",
          "context": "During the late 19th century , several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown . Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue , which became a prime location for mansions . During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture , grand avenues in the Paris style , and for Washington Boulevard , recently electrified by Thomas Edison . The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping , shipbuilding , and manufacturing industries . Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway , Detroit emerged as a major port and transportation hub .",
          "c_entity": [
            "woodward",
            "thomas edison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bb374b864d1900163bd0_s",
              "question": "Who supplies Detroit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Edison",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who electrified Detroit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8148_s",
          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , in 1840 . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1840",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57257a9769ff041400e58df5_s",
              "question": "When did Victoria and Prince Albert get married?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1840",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17931_s",
          "context": "Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a controlled manner. Intentional burning of vegetation was used to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories. It made travel easier and facilitated the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants, which were important for both food and medicines.",
          "c_entity": [
            "4,000 years ago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731708c497a881900248edd_s",
              "question": "When did North Americans start farming?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "approximately 4,000 years ago",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the North American natives begin farming?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18061_s",
          "context": "The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy , covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae . This huge work was executed between 1176 and 1186 by the order of King William II of Sicily . Another panel shows the king offering the model of the cathedral to the Theotokos .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william ii",
            "martorana",
            "christ",
            "cefalu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316c1d05b4da19006bd128_s",
              "question": "Who commissioned the Monroe mosaic between 1176 and 1186?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King William II of Sicily",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned the Monreale mosaics between 1176 and 1186?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17874_s",
          "context": "The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit . In return for promises of support against the British and the French . The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 1870 , which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats . , France expanded control of Indochina . , France was in full control of the region and had reached the Chinese border . The Sino-French War began with a surprise attack by the French on the Chinese southern fleet at Fuzhou . After that the Chinese declared war on the French . A French invasion of Taiwan was halted and the French were defeated on land in Tonkin at the Battle of Bang Bo . However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1885",
            "1860",
            "1883",
            "1858",
            "1870"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe0e_s",
              "question": "When was the Holocaust of the tenth century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Tientsin Massacre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8787_s",
          "context": "Remodelling of the structure began in 1762 . , King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small , comfortable home . While the work was in progress , the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash . Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House , and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution . The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV . The cost of the renovations grew dramatically . , his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work . At one stage , William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1826",
            "1834",
            "1830",
            "1829",
            "1820",
            "1762"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572611a9271a42140099d42b_s",
              "question": "When did the renovation of Buckingham Palace begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1762",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1473_s",
          "context": "French police were criticised for their handling of the events , and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators . : `` The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression . The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro . '' Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so , and that they had acted on their own initiative . A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer , knocked unconscious , and had to be sent to hospital .",
          "c_entity": [
            "libération",
            "michèle alliot-marie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9d_s",
              "question": "Who says the police carry their own flag?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michèle Alliot-Marie",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said the police acted on their own in taking the flags?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7444_s",
          "context": "On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2 december 1942"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e39580b85d914000d7da0_s",
              "question": "When was the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction artificially produced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 December 1942",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15715_s",
          "context": "Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage , first as `` servants '' , then as slaves . Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof , Igbo , and other people of the Windward Coast . An estimated 40 % of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan 's Island , just off the port of Charles Town ; it is described as a `` hellish Ellis Island of sorts ... . Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench , established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "fulani",
            "malinke",
            "yoruba",
            "toni morrison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301654a23a5019007fcd47_s",
              "question": "Who pays for the simple bank on Sullivan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Toni Morrison",
                  "answer_start": 548
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18812_s",
          "context": "From early Christian times , hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics . Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici -LRB- C. ii , X , De cleric . venat . -RRB- says , `` We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds ; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons . '' The Fourth Council of the Lateran , decreed -LRB- canon xv -RRB- : `` We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics . '' : `` Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking '' -LRB- Sess . XXIV , De reform. , c. xii -RRB- , which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit , and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy -LRB- clamorosa -RRB- hunting unlawful , but not quiet -LRB- quieta -RRB- hunting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "council of trent",
            "juris canonici",
            "pope innocent iii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57344adb879d6814001ca4b8_s",
              "question": "Who can forbid the servants of God from hunting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Corpus Juris Canonici",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13877_s",
          "context": "Throughout the history of the South Slavs , the vernacular , literary , and written languages -LRB- e.g. Chakavian , Kajkavian , Shtokavian -RRB- of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently . Prior to the 19th century , they were collectively called `` Illyric '' , `` Slavic '' , `` Slavonian '' , `` Bosnian '' , `` Dalmatian '' , `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' . As such , the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824 , and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859 . At that time , Serb and Croat lands were still part of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires . Officially , the language was called variously Serbo-Croat , Croato-Serbian , Serbian and Croatian , Croatian and Serbian , Serbian or Croatian , Croatian or Serbian . Unofficially , Serbs and Croats typically called the language `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' , respectively , without implying a distinction between the two , and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina , `` Bosnian '' , `` Croatian '' , and `` Serbian '' were considered to be three names of a single official language . , claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European , but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits -LRB- ` Bosnian ' and ` Montenegrin ' -RRB- . Today , use of the term `` Serbo-Croatian '' is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match . It is still used for lack of a succinct alternative , though alternative names have been used , such as Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian -LRB- BCS -RRB- , which is often seen in political contexts such as the Hague War Crimes tribunal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dalibor brozović",
            "serbo-croatian",
            "jernej kopitar",
            "jacob grimm"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572985b41d0469140077950d_s",
              "question": "Who first used the word serbo Croatian in 1824?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacob Grimm",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8659_s",
          "context": "The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city , including Defensor Sporting , Goes , Unión Atlética . Montevideo is also a centre of rugby ; equestrianism , which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened ; golf , with the Club de Punta Carretas ; and yachting , an ideal place to moor yachts . The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas , the Rambla -LRB- Montevideo 's promenade -RRB- and the Parque Rodó -LRB- Fun Fair -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "puerto del buceo",
            "montevideo",
            "biguá",
            "malvín",
            "aguada",
            "trouville"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e80089a1e219009ac076_s",
              "question": "Where is the Uruguay Basketball League located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Montevideo",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11166_s",
          "context": "The European powers continued to pursue diplomatic avenues . The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers -- the United Kingdom , France , Austria and Prussia -- met in Vienna , where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans . ; however , Abdülmecid I rejected the proposal , feeling that the document 's poor phrasing left it open to many different interpretations . The United Kingdom , France , and Austria united in proposing amendments to mollify the Sultan , but the court of St. Petersburg ignored their suggestions. : 143 The UK and France then set aside the idea of continuing negotiations , but Austria and Prussia did not believe that the rejection of the proposed amendments justified the abandonment of the diplomatic process .",
          "c_entity": [
            "count karl von buol",
            "nicholas",
            "abdülmecid"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726df6d708984140094d43e_s",
              "question": "Who rejected the offer because of improper choice of words?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abdülmecid I",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rejected the proposal due to poor word phrasing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13549_s",
          "context": "In Canada , the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century , long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms . One result , conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada 's status as an independent kingdom , Queen Victoria , had last granted royal assent personally in the United Kingdom . , however , the alternative practice of granting assent in writing , with each house being notified separately -LRB- the Speaker of the Senate or a representative reads to the senators the letters from the governor general regarding the written declaration of Royal Assent -RRB- , was brought into force . As the act also provides , royal assent is to be signified -- by the governor general , or , more often , by a deputy , usually a Justice of the Supreme Court : for the first appropriation measure and for at least one other act , usually the first non-appropriation measure passed . However , the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 21st century",
            "1939",
            "2002",
            "85 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572aaec2111d821400f38cb2_s",
              "question": "When did Canada finally stop using the traditional consent ceremony as a routine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 21st century",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Canada finally cease to use the traditional ceremony for granting assent as regular practice?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14391_s",
          "context": "Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics , heavily used arquebuses , developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation . Consecutive victories enabled him to realize the termination of the Ashikaga Bakufu and the disarmament of the military powers of the Buddhist monks . Attacking from the `` sanctuary '' of Buddhist temples , they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions . He died in 1582 when one of his generals , Akechi Mitsuhide , turned upon him with his army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1582",
            "centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f03bff5b5019007da9a1_s",
              "question": "When did Xiaotian Xinxiao die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1582",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Oda Nobunaga die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8185_s",
          "context": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood , Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight . Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame , and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts . Through early January , she felt `` weak and unwell '' , and by mid-January she was `` drowsy ... dazed , -LSB- and -RSB- confused '' . She died on Tuesday , 22 January 1901 , at half past six in the evening , at the age of 81 . Her son and successor King Edward VII , and her eldest grandson , were at her deathbed . Her favourite pet Pomeranian , Turri , was laid upon her deathbed as a last request .",
          "c_entity": [
            "osborne house",
            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267966708984140094c749_s",
              "question": "Where does Victoria usually spend Christmas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Osborne House on the Isle of Wight",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Victoria usually spend Christmases?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10867_s",
          "context": ". After communion , the pope suffered a massive heart attack , after which he continued to live for three hours . On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo . According to his will , but in a grave in the ground . In his will , he requested to be buried in the `` true earth '' and therefore , he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave .",
          "c_entity": [
            "castel gandolfo",
            "mass",
            "saint peter",
            "vatican"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726efc85951b619008f82cb_s",
              "question": "Where did Paul live on the day he died?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Castel Gandolfo",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9512_s",
          "context": "New Haven 's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza , which has been claimed to be among the best in the country , or even in the world . New Haven-style pizza , called `` apizza '' -LRB- pronounced ah-BEETS , -LSB- aˈpitts -RSB- in the original Italian dialect -RRB- , made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana -LRB- known as Pepe 's -RRB- in 1925 . Apizza is baked in coal - or wood-fired brick ovens , and is notable for its thin crust . Apizza may be red -LRB- with a tomato-based sauce -RRB- or white -LRB- with a sauce of garlic and olive oil -RRB- , and pies ordered `` plain '' are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese -LRB- originally smoked mozzarella , known as `` scamorza '' in Italian -RRB- . A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven . Modern Apizza on State Street , is also well-known .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1925",
            "1938",
            "1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3b543f37b319004787f3_s",
              "question": "When was the New Haven pizza discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1925",
                  "answer_start": 372
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was New Haven-style pizza found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11363_s",
          "context": "In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar , which is pegged at par with the US dollar . US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes ; however , banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars . The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins , and regulates financial institutions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bermuda monetary authority",
            "elizabeth ii",
            "royal naval dockyard museum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572957101d046914007792c8_s",
              "question": "Who will supervise the expenditure of all financial institutions and funds?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bermuda Monetary Authority",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6074_s",
          "context": "Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media. In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57099ea3200fba14003681df_s",
              "question": "When did the computer emergency preparedness group 79 hacker investigate the incident of the energy company?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 554
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-258_s",
          "context": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1895"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3aab62ccc5a1400d82dec_s",
              "question": "When did Pabst record his Chopin performance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pabst record his Chopin performance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8516_s",
          "context": "The Water , Sanitation and Hygiene -LRB- WSH -RRB- program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a `` Learning Initiative , '' and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010 . , experimentation , reflection , advocacy , and field implementation . , the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor , using non-piped sanitation services -LRB- i.e. without the use of sewers -RRB- , and less on water supply . This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments , and because the Foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "2009",
            "early 2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c1c3271a42140099d13a_s",
              "question": "When will WSH become a comprehensive project",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the WSH become a full fledeged program"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1473_s",
          "context": "French police were criticised for their handling of the events , and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators . : `` The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression . The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro . '' Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so , and that they had acted on their own initiative . A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer , knocked unconscious , and had to be sent to hospital .",
          "c_entity": [
            "libération",
            "michèle alliot-marie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a3_s",
              "question": "Who is the home secretary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michèle Alliot-Marie",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Minister of the Interior?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3065_s",
          "context": ", which emphasized panel transitions and the visual -- verbal combination . No further progress was made until the 1970s . , analyzing text -- image relations , page-level image relations , and image discontinuities . In 1987 , Henri Vanlier introduced the term multicadre , or `` multiframe '' , to refer to the comics a page as a semantic unit . By the 1990s . , a medium that has taken various , equally valid forms over its history . French theory has come to give special attention to the page . Since the mid-2000s , extending beyond theory by using actual psychological and neuroscience experiments . This work has argued that sequential images and page layouts both use separate rule-bound `` grammars '' to be understood that extend beyond panel-to-panel transitions and categorical distinctions of types of layouts , and that the brain 's comprehension of comics is similar to comprehending other domains , such as language and music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "scott mccloud",
            "benoît peeters",
            "henri vanlier",
            "harry morgan",
            "töpffer",
            "pierre fresnault-deruelle",
            "neil cohn",
            "thierry smolderen",
            "thierry groensteen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e039097aa994140058e3c0_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word \"multiframe\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henri Vanlier",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the term \"multiframe\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2270_s",
          "context": "On May 20 , 1971 , his brother , died in a car accident . Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral . , and the couple had a three-year-old son . In Pumping Iron , Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father 's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest . Later , he and the film 's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger 's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film . Barbara Baker , his first serious girlfriend , has said he informed her of his father 's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother . Over time , he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father 's funeral .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gustav",
            "patrick",
            "barbara baker",
            "schwarzenegger",
            "meinhard",
            "erika knapp"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d7_s",
              "question": "Who was Schwarzenegger's first woman to take seriously?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barbara Baker",
                  "answer_start": 556
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first woman Schwarzenegger was serious about?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13443_s",
          "context": "Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations , transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive -LRB- CRD -RRB- , effective since 2008 . In essence , they forced European banks , and , more importantly , the European Central Bank itself e.g. when gauging the solvency of financial institutions , to rely more than ever on standardised assessments of credit risk marketed by two non-European private agencies : Moody 's and S&P .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572831873acd2414000df6b4_s",
              "question": "When will the New Basel Accord take effect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3451_s",
          "context": "Nowadays, France only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.",
          "c_entity": [
            "council of the pyrénées-orientales"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14538e3433e1400422d21_s",
              "question": "Who recognizes Catalan as a departmental language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recognized Catalan as a departmental language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5309_s",
          "context": "The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή , phōnḗ , `` voice , sound , '' and the suffix - logy -LRB- which is from Greek λόγος , lógos , `` word , speech , subject of discussion '' -RRB- . Definitions of the term vary . , '' as opposed to phonetics , which is `` the study of sound pertaining to the act of speech '' -LRB- the distinction between language and speech being basically Saussure 's distinction between langue and parole -RRB- . , Lass -LRB- 1998 -RRB- writes that phonology refers broadly to the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language , while in more narrow terms , `` phonology proper is concerned with the function , behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items . '' , it means the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language , or the field of linguistics studying this use .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc2fec2603e7140040a001_s",
              "question": "When did the little girl write phonology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 458
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lass write about phonology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8411_s",
          "context": "Medicine , which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition , who theorized that blood traveled through the veins . Herophilos -LRB- 335 -- 280 BC -RRB- was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body , animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system , liver and other key organs . 250 -RRB- , a student of Herophilos , a new medical sect emerged , the Empiric school , which was based on strict observation and rejected unseen causes of the Dogmatic school .",
          "c_entity": [
            "philinus",
            "praxagoras",
            "herophilos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261a8e38643c19005acff4_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to conclude by autopsy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herophilos",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14534_s",
          "context": "After dynastic quarrels however , there was a Christian reconquest in 1072 . , including Robert Guiscard and his army , who is regarded as a hero by the natives . , with the King 's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni . Much construction was undertaken during this period , such as the building of Palermo Cathedral .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572961c26aef051400154dcc_s",
              "question": "Where is the court of the kingdom of Sicily?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palazzo dei Normanni",
                  "answer_start": 200
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7358_s",
          "context": "On the French side , planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential . , flushed with anger , was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss . However , planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride , as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible . Therefore , the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point , but also left the armies unable to support each other .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa6_s",
              "question": "Who told lebov that it was impossible to exceed Sal's delivery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Wolff",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16923_s",
          "context": "The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II , which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941 , as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand . , which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier . Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang -LRB- consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively -RRB- , and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime -LRB- which controlled the coastal regions of China -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "phayap army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b7dce17f3d140042230b_s",
              "question": "Who controls the coast of China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wang Jingwei regime",
                  "answer_start": 524
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who controlled the coast of China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom . Until 1817 . Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children . In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . The Duke and Duchess of Kent 's only child , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
            "leopold",
            "edward",
            "charlotte",
            "feodora",
            "victoria of saxe-coburg-saalfeld",
            "duke of kent",
            "strathearn",
            "carl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723fd980ba9f01400d97b09_s",
              "question": "Who did the Duke of Kent marry in 1818?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Duke of kent marry in 1818?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18671_s",
          "context": "-- partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist -- advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art , so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives -LRB- c. 1493 -- 1540 -RRB- advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to improve the formal teaching of Aristotelian philosophy at the universities , helping to free them from the grip of Medieval Scholasticism . Thus , the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy , based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe , making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "leonardo da vinci"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573282b9b9988014000c764b_s",
              "question": "Who took this movement out of the scholasticism at that time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Juan Luis Vives",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-450_s",
          "context": "Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple , since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube . -LSB- o -RSB- At E3 2005 . They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii -LRB- then codenamed `` Revolution '' -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12fb517492d1400aabba1_s",
              "question": "When will Nintendo announce that Zelda will appear on the Wii?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "At E3 2005",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the Wii?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3979_s",
          "context": "During World War II , to monitor Nazi U-boats -LRB- which were required to maintain radio contact -RRB- and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean . The first Administrator , Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley , was appointed by the British government during this time .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "e.j.s. woolley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7c43300c9c71400d77595_s",
              "question": "Who was the chief executive of the island during World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the administrator during World War II for the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4145_s",
          "context": ", a modified member of the horn family , and others . Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's ballet Swan Lake . Unless these instruments are played by members doubling on another instrument -LRB- for example , a trombone player changing to euphonium for a certain passage -RRB- , orchestras will use freelance musicians to augment their regular rosters .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "richard wagner",
            "anton bruckner",
            "claude debussy",
            "nibelungen",
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            "pyotr ilyich tchaikovsky",
            "béla bartók"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f72650711bf01900a449ec_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the ballet swan lake?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-516_s",
          "context": "-LRB- The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30 . See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "panzhihua"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa68a2_s",
              "question": "Where will you look for more details?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008 Panzhihua earthquake",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where should you look for more details?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10391_s",
          "context": "In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella (Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry), Duc de ximples i corrumputs (Duke of Fools and the Corrupt), Marquès de la bona mamella (Marquis of the lovely breast), Comte de tots els barruts (Count of the Insolent), Baró de les Calaverades (Baron of Nocturnal Debaucheries), and Senyor de l'alt Plàtan florit, dels barraquers i gamberrades i artista d'honor dalt del llit (Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed).",
          "c_entity": [
            "catalonia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572781a9708984140094df83_s",
              "question": "Where do people wear masks and costumes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Catalonia",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do people dress in masks and costume?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-220_s",
          "context": "All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics. His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only after his death. Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.",
          "c_entity": [
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1cf80e7d4791d00902215_s",
              "question": "Where is Chopin often invited?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris salons",
                  "answer_start": 705
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Of what venue was Chopin an often invited guest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18669_s",
          "context": ". Terence , an African and a former slave , was well placed to preach the message of universalism , of the essential unity of the human race , that had come down in philosophical form from the Greeks , but needed the pragmatic muscles of Rome in order to become a practical reality . The influence of Terence 's felicitous phrase on Roman thinking about human rights can hardly be overestimated . Two hundred years later Seneca ended his seminal exposition of the unity of humankind with a clarion-call :",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732813857eb1f1400fd2d4b_s",
              "question": "Who can spread the idea of equality among all people through his words?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Terence",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all through his words?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15470_s",
          "context": "On 15 July 1974 , the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus , to unite the island with Greece . In response to the coup , five days later , on 20 July 1974 , the Turkish army invaded the island , citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee .",
          "c_entity": [
            "makarios iii",
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            "nikos sampson"
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              "id": "572e87d3c246551400ce42e5_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of cleaning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dimitrios Ioannides",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lead the coup d'etat attempt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4771_s",
          "context": "Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0655_s",
              "question": "Who said Guinea Bissau could become a \"drug country\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a United Nations official",
                  "answer_start": 220
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16174_s",
          "context": "The thermionic triode , a vacuum tube invented in 1907 , enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony . The triode , however , was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power . Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor -LRB- FET -RRB- in Canada in 1925 , which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode . Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928 . However , Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype . Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away , Lilienfeld 's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s , even if such a device had been built . In 1934 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "julius edgar lilienfeld",
            "oskar heil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edbc103f9891900756a97_s",
              "question": "Who applied for the patent of FET?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld",
                  "answer_start": 197
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7740_s",
          "context": "As of November 2008 , there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder . Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of `` kidnapping with bodily injury . '' Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur . Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia , raped in Tennessee , and murdered in Kentucky . Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky , but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for `` kidnapping with bodily injury . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "gloria ann wilbur",
            "demarcus sears"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ff55ab654c5140001f6f0_s",
              "question": "Who did DeMarcus Sears kidnap?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gloria Ann Wilbur",
                  "answer_start": 312
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Demarcus Sears kidnap?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18294_s",
          "context": "The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement . Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles , gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way -LRB- via media -RRB- between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions . The English Reformation followed a particular course . The different character of the English Reformation came primarily from the fact that it was driven initially by the political necessities of Henry VIII . King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome . In 1534 , the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England . , under Thomas Cromwell , the policy known as the Dissolution of the Monasteries was put into effect . Following a brief Roman Catholic restoration during the reign of Mary I , a loose consensus developed during the reign of Elizabeth I . The Elizabethan Religious Settlement largely formed Anglicanism into a distinctive church tradition . The compromise was uneasy and was capable of veering between extreme Calvinism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cbb4b9d445190005e56c_s",
              "question": "When was the rule passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1534",
                  "answer_start": 695
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Act of Supremacy passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6571_s",
          "context": "Memories and lessons from the war are still a major factor in American politics . One side views the war as a necessary part of the Containment policy , which allowed the enemy to choose the time and place of warfare . Others note the U.S. made major strategic gains as the Communists were defeated in Indonesia , at the expense of their allies in Hanoi . Critics see the conflict as a `` quagmire '' -- an endless waste of American blood and treasure in a conflict that did not concern US interests . Fears of another quagmire have been major factors in foreign policy debates ever since . The draft became extremely unpopular , and President Nixon ended it in 1973 , forcing the military -LRB- the Army especially -RRB- to rely entirely upon volunteers . That raised the issue of how well the professional military reflected overall American society and values ; the soldiers typically took the position that their service represented the highest and best American values .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3c086b8089140040f81d_s",
              "question": "When will the project be completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 662
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the draft end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2236_s",
          "context": "Baird Television Ltd. made Britain 's first television broadcast , London , via the BBC 's London transmitter , using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird . This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines -- just enough resolution for a close-up of one person , and with a bandwidth low enough to use existing radio transmitters . , by using the BBC 's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park . , after BBC radio went off the air . Baird broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "tuesdays",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de62fc4396321400ee286c_s",
              "question": "When did Baird stop broadcasting his program on the BBC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1932",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12194_s",
          "context": "On August 19 , 1989 . On September 2 , 1989 : 50,000 in Lviv , 40,000 in Kiev , 10,000 in Zhytomyr , 5,000 each in Dniprodzerzhynsk and Chervonohrad , and 2,000 in Kharkiv . From September 8 -- 10 , 1989 , writer Ivan Drach was elected to head Rukh , at its founding congress in Kiev . On September 17 , between 150,000 and 200,000 people marched in Lviv , demanding the legalization of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . On September 21 , 1989 , exhumation of a mass grave begins in Demianiv Laz , a nature preserve south of Ivano-Frankivsk . On September 28 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "russian orthodox parish of saints peter",
            "communist party",
            "volodymyr shcherbytsky",
            "people's movement of ukraine",
            "vladimir ivashko",
            "ivan drach",
            "brezhnev",
            "autocephalous orthodox church",
            "ukrainian greek catholic church",
            "paul"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572820d23acd2414000df519_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the Ukrainian people's movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ivan Drach",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was put in charge of the People's Movement of Ukraine?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10690_s",
          "context": "The Marxist critique of capitalism -- developed with Friedrich Engels -- was , alongside liberalism and fascism , one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century . The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought . Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society . During this same period , the socialist movement began to form . In the mid-19th century , Marxism was developed , and socialism in general gained increasing popular support , mostly from the urban working class . Without breaking entirely from the past . , which was `` standing on its head '' , `` the right side up again '' . By the late 19th century , socialism and trade unions were established members of the political landscape . In addition , the various branches of anarchism , and syndicalism also gained some prominence . In the Anglo-American world , anti-imperialism and pluralism began gaining currency at the turn of the 20th century .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a284708984140094cc83_s",
              "question": "Who developed Marxist criticism of capitalism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Engels",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism?"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11742_s",
          "context": ", when Rayleigh and Jeans -LRB- on the one hand -RRB- and Einstein -LRB- on the other hand -RRB- independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum . These proofs are commonly known as the `` ultraviolet catastrophe '' , a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911 . They contributed greatly -LRB- along with Einstein 's work on the photoelectric effect -RRB- to convincing physicists that Planck 's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism . The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to `` the theory of radiation and quanta '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729636c3f37b31900478309_s",
              "question": "When was the first Solvay meeting held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Solvay Conference held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9179_s",
          "context": ", initially a music associated with the lower classes , later -LRB- and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey -RRB- reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished , sometimes to the point of unrecognizability . It was the base of the later laïkó -LRB- song of the people -RRB- . The leading performers of the genre include Apostolos Kaldaras .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rebetiko",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726859bf1498d1400e8e290_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the main artists of the Lyceum school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Apostolos Kaldaras",
                  "answer_start": 421
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18656_s",
          "context": "Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy -- or kindness and benevolence toward one 's fellow human being . Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong , and that model writers of Latin , used the word only to mean what we might call `` humane '' or `` polite '' learning , or the Greek equivalent Paideia . Gellius became a favorite author in the Italian Renaissance , and , in fifteenth-century Italy , teachers and scholars of philosophy , poetry , and rhetoric were called and called themselves `` humanists '' . Modern scholars , however -- 43 BCE -RRB- , who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas , in fact frequently used the word in both senses , as did his near contemporaries . , a lawyer , what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech , which , allied to reason , could -LRB- and should -RRB- enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law . Thus humanitas included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative , humanism , which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to scholarship .",
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            {
              "id": "57327819e99e3014001e67cb_s",
              "question": "Who disagrees with the meaning of the word?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gellius",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5352_s",
          "context": "Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents , at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog . The engineer Tommy Flowers , began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange . , converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system , using thousands of vacuum tubes . In the US , John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff -- Berry Computer -LRB- ABC -RRB- in 1942 , the first `` automatic electronic digital computer '' . This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes , with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fde2cb761e401900d28c31_s",
              "question": "When was atanasovberry computer invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1942",
                  "answer_start": 558
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-608_s",
          "context": ", the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn -LRB- until then a separate city -RRB- , the County of New York -LRB- which then included parts of the Bronx -RRB- , the County of Richmond , and the western portion of the County of Queens . The opening of the subway in 1904 , first built as separate private systems , helped bind the new city together . , the city became a world center for industry , commerce , and communication .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfcffa234ae51400d9bf5f_s",
              "question": "When was the New York subway first opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1904",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The subway of New York was first available in what year?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18233_s",
          "context": "YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate , and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site 's terms of service . In July 2008 , and argued that `` proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content '' . YouTube responded by stating :",
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            {
              "id": "5731ba99e99e3014001e620f_s",
              "question": "Who checks if the tagged video has unauthorized content?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a YouTube employee",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who checks the flagged videos for unauthorized content?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7933_s",
          "context": "Seattle 's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies , and `` new economy '' Internet and technology companies , service , design and clean technology companies . , making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States . The Port of Seattle , which also operates Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport , is a major gateway for trade with Asia and cruises to Alaska , and is the 8th largest port in the United States in terms of container capacity . Though it was affected by the Great Recession , Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy , and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses , especially in green building and clean technologies : it was ranked as America 's No. 1 `` smarter city '' based on its government policies and green economy . , the city government committed Seattle to becoming North America 's first `` climate neutral '' city , with a goal of reaching zero net per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 .",
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            {
              "id": "571a076110f8ca1400304ee0_s",
              "question": "When does Seattle want to be listed as a climate neutral city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2030",
                  "answer_start": 965
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does Seattle want to be rated as a climate neutral city?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4250_s",
          "context": "The city walls include God 's House Tower , built in 1417 , the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England . , the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board . , it housed the Museum of Archaeology . , but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83f77aef2371900625f40_s",
              "question": "When was the church tower built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1417",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the God's House Tower built?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7018_s",
          "context": "John , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands . Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174 , however . He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent . , John was a potential heir to the throne . Despite this , John was proclaimed King of England .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4f4cfed7b91900d4589b_s",
              "question": "Who is Henry's favorite child?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Henry's favorite child?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11830_s",
          "context": ", which was chaired by Vice President Johnson . At Johnson 's inaugural ball in Texas , he met with a young black lawyer , and gave him the task to co-author the executive order . He wanted a phrase that `` gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order . '' He was torn between the words `` positive action '' and `` affirmative action , '' and selected the later due to its alliterative quality . The term `` active recruitment '' started to be used as well . This order , albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation , in reality carried little actual power . The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors , leaving nearly $ 7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised. : 60",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572733c0dd62a815002e9985_s",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the committee established by the chief executive 10925?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vice President Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who chaired the committee created by Executive Order 10925?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2130_s",
          "context": "The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power . , a firm believer in a strong executive , vetoed seven bills . None of the first six Presidents , however , used the veto to direct national policy . It was Andrew Jackson , the seventh President , who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon . During his two terms in office , he vetoed twelve bills -- more than all of his predecessors combined . Furthermore ; he stated -LRB- perhaps apocryphally -RRB- . Now let him enforce it ! ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "george washington",
            "john quincy adams",
            "andrew jackson",
            "john adams",
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            "supreme court",
            "james madison",
            "james monroe"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4529cffd8e1900b4b760_s",
              "question": "Who is the seventh president of the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andrew Jackson",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the seventh President of the United States?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4942_s",
          "context": "This view reveals a somewhat less than altruistic Christian intent of the British Empire ; however , it was paradoxical from the beginning . The Ottomans were portrayed as the slavers , but even as the American and British fleets were striking at the Barbary pirates on behalf of freedom , their countries were promulgating a vigorous African slave trade of their own . Charles George Gordon is known as the saint of all British colonial officers . A dedicated Christian , he spent his time between assignments living among the poor and donating his salary on their behalf . He won Ottoman confidence as a junior officer in the Crimean War . In his later career he became a high official in the Ottoman Empire , working as Governor of Egypt for the Ottoman khedive for the purpose of conducting campaigns against slavers and slavery in Egypt and the Sudan .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f8fab19b226e1400dd121d_s",
              "question": "Who is the sage of all the British colonial officials?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles George Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is known as the saint of all British colonial officers?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5190_s",
          "context": "Growing out of the Somali people 's rich storytelling tradition , the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s , immediately after independence . , the local film scene began to expand rapidly . The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA 's representative in Rome . , popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry . Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit , facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks . Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film , The Somali Darwish -LRB- The Somalia Dervishes -RRB- , devoted to the Dervish State . , a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged . Referred to as Somaliwood , this upstart , youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines , marketing strategies and production techniques . The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630265_s",
              "question": "When was the first Somali feature film made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960s",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what decade were the first Somali feature films made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18361_s",
          "context": "A series of low-lying annexes -LRB- largely hidden -RRB- flank both ends . Also in the square are the glass-faced Planalto Palace housing the presidential offices , and the Palace of the Supreme Court . Farther east , on a triangle of land jutting into the lake , is the Palace of the Dawn -LRB- Palácio da Alvorada ; the presidential residence -RRB- . Between the federal and civic buildings on the Monumental Axis is the city 's cathedral , considered by many to be Niemeyer 's finest achievement -LRB- see photographs of the interior -RRB- . The parabolically shaped structure is characterized by its 16 gracefully curving supports , which join in a circle 115 feet -LRB- 35 meters -RRB- above the floor of the nave ; stretched between the supports are translucent walls of tinted glass . The nave is entered via a subterranean passage rather than conventional doorways . , the National Theater , and several foreign embassies that creatively embody features of their national architecture . The Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx designed landmark modernist gardens for some of the principal buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5731df190fdd8d15006c65d6_s",
              "question": "Where does the president of Brazil live, Portuguese?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palácio da Alvorada",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where does Brazil's president live, in Portuguese?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6930_s",
          "context": "In Methodism . As such , although they , reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception . John Wesley , the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England . , during . In addition .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cd692b3d812140066d2b0_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of methodology movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Wesley",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Methodist movement?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6574_s",
          "context": "In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3f0fec8fbc190045b910_s",
              "question": "When will the United States send troops to the Philippines to fight against terrorists?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2002",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4751_s",
          "context": ". The first multi-party elections were held in 1994 . , and Kumba Ialá was elected president .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 1999",
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            "1984",
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            "may 1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd0_s",
              "question": "When was the first multiparty election held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the first multi-party elections held?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18675_s",
          "context": ". The approach emphasizes an individual 's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity . Psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced a positive , humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis in the early 1960s . Other sources include the philosophies of existentialism and phenomenology .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573284fdb3a91d1900202e07_s",
              "question": "Who talked to Carl Rogers about humanistic physiology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abraham Maslow",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wotked with Carl Rogers on humanistic phycology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8179_s",
          "context": "At the start of her reign Victoria was popular , but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother 's ladies-in-waiting , developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy . She hated Conroy , and despised `` that odious Lady Flora '' , because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System . At first , until in mid-February she eventually agreed , and was found to be a virgin . Conroy . , the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen . At public appearances .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726706bdd62a815002e84dd_s",
              "question": "Who is Mrs. flor's \"baby\" father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir John Conroy",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was believed to be the father of Lady Flor's \"baby\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14343_s",
          "context": "IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance -LRB- 1934 -RRB- . , the employee magazine Think was created . , IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals . , IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka , Kansas . , and soon the company was asked to join the President 's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped . , the company hired its first black salesman . , IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees . A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5729cb183f37b3190047855d_s",
              "question": "When did IBM begin to offer group life insurance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-474_s",
          "context": "In November 2014 . Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre , claiming that the film was over budget , detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf3cd2aab44d1400b88ec9_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the first draft of the play for the ghost?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Logan",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the early drafts of the script for Spectre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5646_s",
          "context": "Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706099a52bb8914006897e9_s",
              "question": "When was the first commercial hotel in Atlantic City built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1853",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15444_s",
          "context": "Gaddafi married his first wife , Fatiha al-Nuri . She was the daughter of General Khalid , a senior figure in King Idris ' administration , and was from a middle-class background . Although they had one son , Muhammad Gaddafi -LRB- b. 1970 -RRB- , their relationship was strained , and they divorced in 1970 . Gaddafi 's second wife was Safia Farkash , née el-Brasai , a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda . , following his ascension to power , when he was hospitalized with appendicitis ; he claimed that it was love at first sight . The couple remained married until his death . Together they had seven biological children . He also adopted two children , Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1982",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a8_s",
              "question": "When was Gaddafi's son born by fatiha Nuri?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17113_s",
          "context": "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine , including the subjects of anatomy and physiology , nervous and circulatory systems , who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation . Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi -LRB- also known as Abulcasis -RRB- contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif -LRB- `` Book of Concessions '' -RRB- , a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries . Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffb3ea23a5019007fcc05_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Kitab tasliff?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8178_s",
          "context": "By 1836 , the Duchess 's brother , who had been King of the Belgians since 1831 , hoped to marry his niece to his nephew , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . William IV , however , disapproved of any match with the Coburgs , and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands , second son of the Prince of Orange . According to her diary . After the visit she wrote ; his hair is about the same colour as mine ; his eyes are large and blue , and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth ; but the charm of his countenance is his expression , which is most delightful . '' Alexander , on the other hand , was `` very plain '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266dcf5951b619008f727c_s",
              "question": "Who is William IV suitable for Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Alexander of the Netherlands",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did William IV feel was a suitable husband for Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15531_s",
          "context": ", about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games , was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world -LRB- the first being Schindler 's List -RRB- . The film is based on Vengeance . The film received strong critical praise , but underperformed at the U.S. and world box-office . Munich received five Academy Awards nominations , including Best Picture , Film Editing , Original Music Score -LRB- by John Williams -RRB- , Best Adapted Screenplay .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731949b497a881900249083_s",
              "question": "Who composes for Munich?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Williams",
                  "answer_start": 454
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who composed music for 'Munich'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11135_s",
          "context": "Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health. It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis, and was popularized by Michael Pollan. Since nutrients are invisible, policy makers rely on nutrition experts to advise on food choices. Because science has an incomplete understanding of how food affects the human body, Pollan argues, nutritionism can be blamed for many of the health problems relating to diet in the Western World today.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572710d0f1498d1400e8f2f0_s",
              "question": "Where in the world can Bolen claim that their health problems can be traced back to nutrition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Western World",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which region of the world does Pollan claim could trace their health problems back to nutritionism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15933_s",
          "context": "Medieval thought experiments into the idea of a vacuum considered whether a vacuum was present , if only for an instant , between two flat plates when they were rapidly separated . There was much discussion of whether the air moved in quickly enough as the plates were separated , or , whether a ` celestial agent ' prevented the vacuum arising . The commonly held view that nature abhorred a vacuum was called horror vacui . Speculation that even God could not create a vacuum if he wanted to was shut down -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- by the 1277 Paris condemnations of Bishop Etienne Tempier , which required there to be no restrictions on the powers of God , which led to the conclusion that God could create a vacuum if he so wished .",
          "c_entity": [
            "walter burley",
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            "jean buridan"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ebaa3cb0c0d14000f14d4_s",
              "question": "Who hasn't asked to limit God's power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bishop Etienne Tempier",
                  "answer_start": 576
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who required no restrictions regarding God's power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-951_s",
          "context": "The country bounced between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model . Land reform and nationalizations were enforced ; the Portuguese Constitution -LRB- approved in 1976 -RRB- was rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles . , the constitution was a highly charged ideological document with numerous references to socialism , the rights of workers , and the desirability of a socialist economy . Portugal 's economic situation after its transition to democracy , obliged the government to pursue International Monetary Fund -LRB- IMF -RRB- -- 85 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733c8a94776f41900661227_s",
              "question": "When was Portugal's Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Portuguese Constitution approved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4749_s",
          "context": "Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973 . , which overthrew Lisbon 's Estado Novo regime .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0496_s",
              "question": "When was independence proclaimed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "24 September 1973",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was independence declared?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8213_s",
          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore , wrote of attending lodges there in 1715 , two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London . The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731 , based in Pennsylvania . , the Grand Lodge of Scotland , and the Grand Lodge of Ireland . Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
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              "question": "Who was the collector of Pennsylvania harbor in 1715?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Moore",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1715?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10792_s",
          "context": "Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams . , `` The Samoans were also known to engage in ` headhunting ' , a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader , thus proving his bravery . '' However , who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894 , wrote in A Footnote to History : Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa , '' ... the Samoans are gentle people . ''",
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              "id": "5726a5daf1498d1400e8e608_s",
              "question": "Who was Samoa's first missionary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Williams",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first missionary in Samoa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3001_s",
          "context": ", applying their knowledge of kites to gliders . Moving to Hammondsport , the group then designed and built the Red Wing , framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine . On March 12 , 1908 , over Keuka Lake , the biplane lifted off on the first public flight in North America . -LSB- N 24 -RSB- -LSB- N 25 -RSB- The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder -LRB- later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control -RRB- . , a practical wingtip form of the aileron , was to become a standard component on all aircraft . -LSB- N 26 -RSB- The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908 , over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished . However . Lt. Selfridge had also become the first person killed in a powered heavier-than-air flight in a crash of the Wright Flyer at Fort Myer , Virginia , on September 17 , 1908 .",
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            {
              "id": "56dfb726231d4119001abcd7_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to die in a plane crash?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Selfridge",
                  "answer_start": 797
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to die in a plane crash?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10745_s",
          "context": "Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island . Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island . All visitors to Norfolk Island , including Australians , are recommended to purchase travel insurance . Although the hospital can perform minor surgery , serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia . Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$ 30,000 . For serious emergencies , medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force .",
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              "id": "5726c314708984140094d0c8_s",
              "question": "Who is in Norfolk for emergency medical treatment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Royal Australian Air Force",
                  "answer_start": 545
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16082_s",
          "context": "It 's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon . In many of these verses the study of nature is `` encouraged and highly recommended , '' and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran . , experimental knowledge and rationality '' are the primary tools with which humanity can achieve the goals laid out for it in the Quran . Ziauddin Sardar built a case for Muslims having developed the foundations of modern science , by highlighting the repeated calls of the Quran to observe and reflect upon natural phenomenon . `` The ` scientific method , ' as it is understood today , along with numerous other Muslim scientists .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14bb_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the Koran inspired the first practitioners of the scientific methods we use today?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ziauddin Sardar",
                  "answer_start": 450
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the Quran inspired the first practitioners of the scientific method we use today?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13340_s",
          "context": ", the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory . On 9 June , Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt 's citizens of their country 's defeat . , and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin , who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post . Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation , chanting , `` We are your soldiers , Gamal ! '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57282f18ff5b5019007d9eab_s",
              "question": "When did Nasser declare the defeat of Egypt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9 June",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What day did Nasser announce Egypt's defeat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11368_s",
          "context": "Bermuda 's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies . Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms -LRB- 290 lb -RRB- police officer named Dwayne Leverock . But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International -LRB- ODI -RRB- . Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup . , holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery . The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George 's Garrison -LRB- the original army headquarters in Bermuda -RRB- on Barrack Hill , St. George 's .",
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            "st george"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295a761d04691400779302_s",
              "question": "Who is Bermuda's most popular cricketer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dwayne Leverock",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10689_s",
          "context": "John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government . In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation . The theory of the divine right of kings became a passing fancy , exposed to the type of ridicule with which John Locke treated it . , Locke believes man 's mind comes into this world as tabula rasa . For Locke , knowledge is neither innate , revealed nor based on authority but subject to uncertainty tempered by reason , tolerance and moderation . According to Locke , for natural law is based on reason and seeking peace and survival for man .",
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            {
              "id": "5726a213f1498d1400e8e572_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the government's two papers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Locke",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the work Two Treatises of Government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15563_s",
          "context": "In 1852 , Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator , which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke . The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today . A governor device engages knurled roller -LRB- s -RRB- , locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed . , death-defying presentation in 1854 , and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23 , 1857 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e88edcb0c0d14000f126c_s",
              "question": "Who invented the safety elevator in 1852?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elisha Otis",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the safety elevator in 1852?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4180_s",
          "context": "Shawn Vancour argues that the commercialization of classical music in the early 20th century served to harm the music industry through inadequate representation.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7529fa6d7ea1400e171af_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the commercialization of classical music is harmful to the music industry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shawn Vancour",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5684_s",
          "context": "The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city , Chelsea , Bader Field , and Gardner 's Basin . Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district , including several in the city 's northern end . Gardner 's Basin , was initially left out of the tourism district , while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries , owing to complaints from the city . Also , who cast the lone `` no '' vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706d3592eaba6190074ad1f_s",
              "question": "Where is the residential area removed from the last border of the area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chelsea",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the residential neighborhood that was removed from the final boundaries of the district?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14861_s",
          "context": "With regard to a safety net , Hayek advocated `` some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation , be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy . '' As referenced in the section on `` The economic calculation problem , '' Hayek wrote that `` there is no reason why ... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance . '' Summarizing on this topic , enforced , if not directly provided , by the state . '' Bernard Harcourt says that `` Hayek was adamant about this . '' In the 1973 Law , Legislation , and Liberty , Hayek wrote :",
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            {
              "id": "572a88adbe1ee31400cb8088_s",
              "question": "Who says Hayek's belief in social security and safety nets is particularly strong?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bernard Harcourt",
                  "answer_start": 537
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the claim that Hayek was particularly determined regarding his beliefs on social insurance and a safety net?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4752_s",
          "context": "In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being \"unable to solve the problems\". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ialá"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d1_s",
              "question": "Who arrested the army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ialá",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the military arrest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13186_s",
          "context": "Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e60bff5b5019007d97e8_s",
              "question": "Who has to approve the tribal constitution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the United States Congress",
                  "answer_start": 598
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who must approve tribal constitutions?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on \"Top 40\" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.",
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                  "text": "the early 1970s",
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          "context": "The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6 . The Manchus . However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists , pretenders and rebels . The last Ming pretender , sought refuge with the King of Burma , who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662 .",
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              "question": "Who are Manchurians fighting with?",
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          "context": "The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians ; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic , and the proprietors of Perth Amboy , New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers . The Province of West Jersey had declared , that there should be no religious test for office . An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope , which may or may not have been applied during the Revolution . That law was replaced by 1799 .",
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              "question": "When was the pledge to restrain the militias from withdrawing the Pope's statement replaced?",
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                  "text": "1799",
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          "context": "The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San , Damara , and Namaqua . , the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa , which imposed its laws and , from 1948 , its apartheid policy .",
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              "question": "When did South Africa segregate Namibia?",
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          "context": "In March 2012 , the newspaper El Mundo published a story according to which FGV had instructed employees who were to testify at the crash commission investigation , providing a set of possible questions and guidelines to prepare the answers . , the television program Salvados questioned the official version of the incident as there were indications that the Valencian Government had tried to downplay the accident , which coincided with the visit of the pope to Valencia , or even to hide evidence , as the book of train breakdowns was never found . , which received extensive media coverage , several voices called for the reopening of the investigation .",
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          "context": "New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes . Wealthy business magnates in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions , that would become internationally established . The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions , and in the 1880s , New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical . Strongly influenced by the city 's immigrants , productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart , and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition .",
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          "context": ": `` Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines '' . , it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems . , his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone . He starred in Sabotage , and appeared in The Expendables 3 . He starred in the fifth Terminator movie Terminator Genisys in 2015 and will reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan .",
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          "context": "From 1792 , when the Mint Act was passed , the dollar was defined as 371.25 grains -LRB- 24.056 g -RRB- of silver . Many historians -LSB- who ? -RSB- erroneously assume gold was standardized at a fixed rate in parity with silver ; however , there is no evidence of Congress making this law . This has to do with Alexander Hamilton 's suggestion to Congress of a fixed 15:1 ratio of silver to gold , respectively . The gold coins that were minted however , were not given any denomination whatsoever and traded for a market value relative to the Congressional standard of the silver dollar . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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          "context": "Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk , tea . In the late 1700s . To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium , the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal . , the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans , so the usual way of payment was through silver . The Daoguang Emperor , concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects , ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade . Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839 .",
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          "context": "The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx.",
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          "context": "The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.",
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              "question": "When did slaves first appear in Byzantine records?",
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          "context": "Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been reconstructed, with initial relocation of 25 townships, including Beichuan and Wenchuan, two of the most devastated areas. The government spent $441 billion on relief and reconstruction efforts.",
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          "context": ", and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the Champions League . , thus completing the sextuple , comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . -- 15 season , Barcelona won another historic treble , making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice .",
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              "question": "When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble?",
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          "context": ". During his army service , he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest . : `` Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I did n't carefully think through the consequences . '' He won another bodybuilding contest in Graz , at Steirer Hof Hotel -LRB- where he had placed second -RRB- . He was voted best built man of Europe , which made him famous . `` The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America -- the land of opportunity , where I could become a star and get rich . '' Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966 , attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London . He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition , not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton .",
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          "context": "One of the early anthemic tunes , was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council . Europeans embraced house , and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs , whose resident .",
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          "context": "The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand — this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.",
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          "context": ", John Ruskin , in his Seven Lamps of Architecture , published 1849 , was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture . Architecture was the `` art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them '' contributes `` to his mental health , power , and pleasure '' .",
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          "context": "At a December 2008 press conference in New Zealand, West spoke about his mother's death for the first time. \"It was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that\", he told reporters.",
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          "context": "Yet controlling the `` Mandate of Heaven '' was a daunting task . The vastness of China 's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers . In addition , three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty , ennobled as feudal princes -LRB- 藩王 -RRB- , and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China . The chief of these was Wu Sangui , who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou .",
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          "context": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross -LRB- albeit not its official headquarters , which are in Rome -RRB- . Its main seminary , Moreau Seminary . Old College , houses undergraduate seminarians . Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House -LRB- a former retreat center -RRB- , Holy Cross House , as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto . The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner . While not Catholic .",
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          "context": "In 2006 , after almost 80 years , along with the rights to the character himself , back to Disney . In return . However .",
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          "context": "After completing filming on Ready Player One , while it is in its lengthy , effects-heavy post-production , he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer 's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara . , where he was raised and trained as a priest , causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation . , the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance , as Pope Pius IX . , before Ready Player One is completed and released in 2018 .",
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          "context": ", John Wanamaker opened the United State 's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia . Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination -LRB- 1878 -RRB- . Subsequent department stores founded in Philadelphia included Strawbridge and Clothier , Gimbels , Lit Brothers , and Snellenbergs .",
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          "context": ", -LSB- a -RSB- Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System , a redesigned version of the Super Famicom , in North America for US$ 199 . Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design , except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads . The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil , although PAL , uses the North American design . Both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic , a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente .",
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          "context": "The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy , as steps toward modernization . By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 , there were many calls , to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China . There were attempts to incorporate democracy , republicanism , and industrialism into Chinese philosophy , notably by Sun Yat-Sen -LRB- Sūn yì xiān . Mao Zedong -LRB- Máo zé dōng -RRB- added Marxist-Leninist thought . When the Communist Party of China took over power , previous schools of thought , excepting notably Legalism , were denounced as backward , and later even purged during the Cultural Revolution .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the revolution of 1911 begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Xinhai Revolution begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3163_s",
          "context": "Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wahgi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e047177aa994140058e41d_s",
              "question": "Where is the consonant drawn into the last position?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wahgi",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18862_s",
          "context": "The fire service , known as the Barun Yantra Karyalaya , opened its first station in Kathmandu in 1937 with a single vehicle . An iron tower was erected to monitor the city and watch for fire . As a precautionary measure , firemen were sent to the areas which were designated as accident-prone areas . , the fire service was extended to the neighboring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur . , a fire service was established in Kathmandu airport . , a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu 's fire service . The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization , the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal -LRB- FAN -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1966",
            "2000",
            "1937",
            "1975",
            "1944"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735b2a8dc94161900571f37_s",
              "question": "When was the fire station in Kathmandu established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1937",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year saw the founding of Kathmandu's fire department?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8329_s",
          "context": "`` Hellenistic '' is a modern word and a 19th-century concept ; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece . Although words related in form or meaning , e.g. Hellenist -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνιστής , Hellēnistēs -RRB- , have been attested since ancient times , who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus , i.e. History of Hellenism . , Hellenistic and related terms , e.g. Hellenism , have been widely used in various contexts ; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold , where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "matthew arnold",
            "alexander"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b74c271a42140099d089_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about culture and anarchy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matthew Arnold",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16885_s",
          "context": ". The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling . Eventually , the triumvirate was renewed at Lucca . Crassus led an ill-fated expedition with legions led by his son , against the Kingdom of Parthia . This resulted in his defeat and death at the Battle of Carrhae . Finally , died in childbirth .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301e6bb2c2fd14005688c1_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the exploration of the kingdom of Parthia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Crassus",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5437_s",
          "context": "Isidore of Seville , writing in the 7th century , μαύρον , which is the Greek word for black . Indeed , by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies , the word Maurus or `` Moor '' had become an adjective in Latin , `` for the Greeks call black , mauron '' . `` In Isidore 's day , Moors were black by definition ... ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "maurus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706bfe52eaba6190074acdc_s",
              "question": "Who says Maurice is a Greek Maosen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isidore of Seville",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8355_s",
          "context": "Ptolemy , a somatophylax , one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great 's generals and deputies . In 305 BC , he declared himself King Ptolemy I , later known as `` Soter '' -LRB- saviour -RRB- for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes . , especially in the region of the Faiyum . , a major center of Greek culture and trade , became his capital city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexandria",
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            "mediterranean"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d3b8ec44d21400f3d655_s",
              "question": "Where did Ptolemy put most of the veterans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Faiyum",
                  "answer_start": 312
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Ptolemy settle his most of his veterans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11020_s",
          "context": "By 26 March , the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult , and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement . That afternoon , Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president . As a consequence , opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "moussa traoré",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c67d708984140094d12b_s",
              "question": "Who reported on the radio that the president was arrested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-227_s",
          "context": ", where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year . , studying music theory , figured bass and composition . -LSB- n 3 -RSB- Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw . He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ , the `` eolomelodicon '' . , who was visiting Warsaw ; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring . At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825 , Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1 . This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf63b4aab44d1400b891bd_s",
              "question": "Who taught Chopin to play the organ?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm Würfel",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who taught Chopin to play the organ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8659_s",
          "context": "The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1894"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e80089a1e219009ac077_s",
              "question": "When was Punta carletta golf club founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4651_s",
          "context": "Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny. In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e58_s",
              "question": "When did Emerson find dinosaur footprints?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17943_s",
          "context": "Morales began work on his `` indigenous autonomy '' policy , which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3 , 2009 , making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves . , the President called it `` a historic day for the peasant and indigenous movement '' , saying that , though he might make errors , he would `` never betray the fight started by our ancestors and the fight of the Bolivian people '' . A vote on further autonomy will take place in referendums which are expected to be held in December 2009 . The issue has divided the country .",
          "c_entity": [
            "morales",
            "santa cruz department"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317b1d497a881900248f71_s",
              "question": "Who has formulated an independent policy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Morales",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with a policy for indigenous autonomy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14417_s",
          "context": "In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in the castle town of Wakamatsu, a Japanese wife, and retainers. In many contemporary references, he is portrayed wearing a Japanese kimono, overcoat, and swords, with Western riding trousers and boots.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wakamatsu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fb8a6aef051400154940_s",
              "question": "Where does Edward Snell live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wakamatsu",
                  "answer_start": 340
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Edward Schnell live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8878_s",
          "context": "In 1914 , advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club 's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise . Lasker brought in a wealthy partner . As principal owners , the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park , which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier , where they remain to this day . , where they played a part in another team 's curse , Boston 's last Series championship until 2004 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles weeghman",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f926ec44d21400f3d7bb_s",
              "question": "Who acquired a majority stake in cube in 1914?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Lasker",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14241_s",
          "context": "Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water . From 1809 , the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital . From 1857 , the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand , oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital 's highest points of elevation . From then on , the new reservoir system became Paris ' principal source of drinking water , and the remains of the old system , pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs , were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris ' streets . This system is still a major part of Paris ' modern water-supply network . Today Paris has more than 2,400 km -LRB- 1,491 mi -RRB- of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris ' liquid wastes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon iii",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572905aeaf94a219006a9f76_s",
              "question": "Who created the Paris reservation system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eugène Belgrand",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created Paris' reservoir system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10317_s",
          "context": ", employing some of its former journalists . , it was given a new look , with a new typeface . , an average of 28,650 over those of its rival : 1,497,855 to 1,469,195 . Roy Greenslade issued some caveats over the May 2015 figures .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2016",
            "26 february 2012",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267a9b5951b619008f7400_s",
              "question": "When did the sales figures of the Sunday post exceed those of the sun?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2015",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Sunday Mail overtake The Sun in sales numbers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2426_s",
          "context": ", is located in the city 's central quarter . Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen , the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University 's Arts faculty . It has been consistently considered one of the UK 's most beautiful university buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df81045ca0a614008f9b95_s",
              "question": "Who designed Roland levensky's building?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henning Larsen",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Roland Levinsky building?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9888_s",
          "context": "When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853 , fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities . -- 56 -RRB- , which involved new techniques of modern warfare , and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica , was a resounding defeat for Russia . , Kazakhstan , and Turkmenistan . For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable . -- 05 also limited its threat to the British .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267801dd62a815002e860e_s",
              "question": "When did Russia conquer the Turkish Balkans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1853",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10038_s",
          "context": "Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for \"Like a Prayer\". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her \"The Greatest Music Video Star Ever\" and said that \"Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fbec708984140094d7ae_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna win the prize?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Madonna awarded the accolade?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7539_s",
          "context": "Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought . Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought . Scientific progress during the Enlightenment included the discovery of carbon dioxide -LRB- fixed air -RRB- by the chemist Joseph Black . , from the Château de la Muette , near the Bois de Boulogne .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "lavoisier",
            "joseph black"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710dd62a58dae1900cd6afd_s",
              "question": "Who found carbon dioxide or solid air?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "chemist Joseph Black",
                  "answer_start": 417
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered carbon dioxide or fixed air?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9465_s",
          "context": ". , among others . Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays , an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 . The Walhalla temple for `` laudable and distinguished Germans '' , features a number of scientists , and is located east of Regensburg , in Bavaria .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hermann von helmholtz",
            "david hilbert",
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            "werner heisenberg",
            "erwin schrödinger",
            "gabriel daniel fahrenheit",
            "wilhelm conrad röntgen",
            "joseph von fraunhofer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572954806aef051400154cfd_s",
              "question": "Who won the first Nobel Prize in physics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8785_s",
          "context": "Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake , around 1624 . , who from 1633 extended Blake 's house and developed much of today 's garden , then known as Goring Great Garden . He did not , however , obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden . , which it needed to do for legal execution '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c53d89a1e219009abe54_s",
              "question": "Who built the first house on the construction site?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir William Blake",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the first house on the site?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9616_s",
          "context": ", set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise . It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class , gender , and ethnic lines . , as well as democratizing consumption for workers and peasants nationwide . GUM became a major propaganda purveyor , with advertising and promotional campaigns that taught Russians the goals of the regime and attempted to inculcate new attitudes and behavior . In trying to create a socialist consumer culture from scratch , GUM recast the functions and meanings of buying and selling , turning them into politically charged acts that could either contribute to or delay the march toward utopian communism . By the late 1920s , however , who instead learned a culture of complaint and entitlement . GUM 's main function became one of distributing whatever the factories sent them , regardless of consumer demand or quality .",
          "c_entity": [
            "state department stores",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267609f1498d1400e8e064_s",
              "question": "Who founded the American department store, also known as gum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lenin",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who formed the State Department Stores, AKA GUM? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6868_s",
          "context": "Integral to the story of the origin of the name \"Antarctica\" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction:",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d9730df2f5219002ecff3_s",
              "question": "When did Flinders write his discovery book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1814",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Flinders write his book of discovery?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4432_s",
          "context": "In 1971 , Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time . In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based . The amendments provided for a collective presidency , a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces . The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics . When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation , the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree . The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces . The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs , defense , internal security , monetary affairs , free trade within Yugoslavia , and development loans to poorer regions . Control of education , healthcare , and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who elected Tito president in 1971?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Federal Assembly",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who elected Tito president in 1971?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13818_s",
          "context": "After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 . The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River . After the Soviets were driven out from Estonia , German troops disarmed all the partisan groups .",
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            {
              "id": "5728b0db2ca10214002da5d8_s",
              "question": "When did the Germans attack the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 June 1941",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7086_s",
          "context": "John 's first wife , Isabel , Countess of Gloucester , was released from imprisonment in 1214 ; she remarried twice . John 's second wife , Isabella of Angoulême , left England for Angoulême soon after the king 's death ; she became a powerful regional leader , but largely abandoned the children she had had by John . John had five legitimate children , all by Isabella . His eldest son , Henry III . Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire . Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort . Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II . His youngest daughter , Eleanor , married William Marshal 's son , also called William , and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort . John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses , including nine sons -- Richard , Oliver , John , Geoffrey , Henry , Osbert Gifford , Eudes , Bartholomew and probably Philip -- and three daughters -- Joan , Maud and probably Isabel . Of these , Joan became the most famous , marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570c6a8cb3d812140066d1ed_s",
              "question": "When did Isabel get out of jail?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1214",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Isabel released from imprisonment?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-307_s",
          "context": "Starting in 1236 -- 1294 , was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior , Ögedei Khan . Karma Pakshi , 2nd Karmapa Lama -LRB- 1203 -- 1283 -RRB- -- the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism -- 1280 -RRB- , who came to his court in 1253 . , which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies .",
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            "khagan",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc50756d243a140015eef8_s",
              "question": "Who is Prince Kublai Khan's superior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ögedei Khan",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the superior of prince Kublai?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9729_s",
          "context": "In 1963 , the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special , which was purposely designed to feedback . Sonic experimentation figured heavily in Queen 's songs . , Mercury . Some of the ground work for the development of this sound can be attributed to their former producer Roy Thomas Baker , and their engineer Mike Stone . Besides vocal harmonies , Queen were also known for multi-tracking voices to imitate the sound of a large choir through overdubs . For instance , according to Brian May , there are over 180 vocal overdubs in `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' . The band 's vocal structures have been compared with the Beach Boys .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d45d708984140094d2a2_s",
              "question": "When was Brian May's signature guitar made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Brian May's signature guitar made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5909_s",
          "context": "The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events , the governing body for football in England . England are one of the two oldest national teams in football ; alongside Scotland , whom they played in the world 's first international football match in 1872 . England 's home ground is Wembley Stadium , London , and the current team manager is Roy Hodgson .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570985de200fba1400368133_s",
              "question": "Who is the current team manager of the British football team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roy Hodgson",
                  "answer_start": 471
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current team manager of England's football team?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17230_s",
          "context": "The growth in women 's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions . Women 's football has faced many struggles . The FIFA Women 's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57303e14947a6a140053d31a_s",
              "question": "When was the first FIFA Women's world championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the FIFA Women's first World cup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10339_s",
          "context": "The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990 , despite the party 's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Poll tax -LRB- officially known as the Community Charge -RRB- . This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper , despite widespread opposition , -LRB- some from Conservative MPs -RRB- , which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher 's own downfall . The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major , whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically , believing he was a radical Thatcherite -- despite the economy having entered recession at this time .",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "57269deaf1498d1400e8e504_s",
              "question": "Who took over Thatcher?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Major",
                  "answer_start": 524
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over for Thatcher?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10043_s",
          "context": "Madonna 's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism . : An Encyclopedia of Issues , Viewpoints , and Voices , Volume 1 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations , social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit , sexual imagery and lyrics , religious symbolism , and otherwise `` irreverent '' behavior in her live performances . ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex , nudity , style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice . '' , of sexuality , and of one 's social relations . In Doing Gender in Media , Art and Culture -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , the authors noted that Madonna , as a female celebrity , performer , and pop icon , is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates . , as powerful , and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women . Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as `` an almost sacred feminist icon . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5726ff29f1498d1400e8f1fc_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that Madonna was an almost frightened feminist idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Professor Sut Jhally",
                  "answer_start": 945
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that Madonna is an almost scared feminist icon?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18072_s",
          "context": "The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is enriched with many naturalistic features, like animals, fishing boats, bridges and palm trees",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317cf3e6313a140071cfa5_s",
              "question": "When was the map of Mamba rediscovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Madaba Map rediscovered? "
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          "context": "The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function , though , came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani , who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract . Since that time , each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation . Until the early years of the 20th century , the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells . Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain , which -LRB- when correctly used -RRB- stains only a small fraction of neurons , but stains them in their entirety , including cell body , dendrites , and axon . Without such a stain , brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers , in which it is impossible to determine any structure . , the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons , each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity .",
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              "question": "Who found that the exposed nerves of electrocuted frogs could cause contractions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luigi Galvani",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11562_s",
          "context": "In October 1745 , Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania , Germany , found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar . Von Kleist 's hand and the water acted as conductors , and the jar as a dielectric -LRB- although details of the mechanism were incorrectly identified at the time -RRB- . Von Kleist found that touching the wire resulted in a powerful spark , much more painful than that obtained from an electrostatic machine . The following year . He also was impressed by the power of the shock he received , writing , `` I would not take a second shock for the kingdom of France . ''",
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              "question": "Who first discovered the basic characteristics of capacitors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ewald Georg von Kleist",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16973_s",
          "context": "On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro , a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations , in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon . On 9 January 1945 , on the south shore of Lingayen Gulf on the western coast of Luzon , General Krueger 's Sixth Army landed his first units . Almost 175,000 men followed across the twenty-mile -LRB- 32 km -RRB- beachhead within a few days . With heavy air support , Army units pushed inland , 40 miles -LRB- 64 km -RRB- northwest of Manila , in the last week of January .",
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              "question": "Who leads the Sixth Army?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "General Krueger",
                  "answer_start": 312
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              "original_question": "Who led the Sixth Army?"
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          "context": "Burke's last publications were the Letters on a Regicide Peace (October 1796), called forth by negotiations for peace with France by the Pitt government. Burke regarded this as appeasement, injurious to national dignity and honour. In his Second Letter, Burke wrote of the French Revolutionary Government: \"Individuality is left out of their scheme of government. The State is all in all. Everything is referred to the production of force; afterwards, everything is trusted to the use of it. It is military in its principle, in its maxims, in its spirit, and in all its movements. The State has dominion and conquest for its sole objects—dominion over minds by proselytism, over bodies by arms\".",
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              "question": "When was Burke last released?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "October 1796",
                  "answer_start": 64
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              "original_question": "When was Burke's final publication?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6041_s",
          "context": "Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message. Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being, another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096466ed30961900e84073_s",
              "question": "Who said we should investigate the impact of mail on recipients?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilbur Schram",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that we should examine the impact a message has on the recipient of the message?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8161_s",
          "context": ". In 1889 , during a stay in Biarritz . By April 1900 . Instead , in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war . In July , her second son Alfred -LRB- `` Affie '' -RRB- died ; `` Oh , God ! My poor darling Affie gone too '' , she wrote in her journal . `` It is a horrible year , nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another . ''",
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              "question": "Where did Victoria live in Spain in 1889?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Victoria stay in Spain in 1889? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17709_s",
          "context": "The first USAF dress uniform , in 1947 , developed at the former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company . , consists of a three-button , pocketless coat , similar to that of a men 's `` sport jacket '' -LRB- with silver `` U.S. '' pins on the lapels , with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members -RRB- , matching trousers , and either a service cap or flight cap , `` Air Force Blue '' -LRB- a darker purplish-blue -RRB- . Enlisted members wear sleeve insignia on both the jacket and shirt , while officers wear metal rank insignia pinned onto the coat , and Air Force Blue slide-on epaulet loops on the shirt . USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear , for certain occasions , a modified version of the standard service dress uniform , but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers , with the addition of a ceremonial belt -LRB- if necessary -RRB- , wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device , and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement .",
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              "id": "57310deca5e9cc1400cdbbf9_s",
              "question": "When was the first uniform of the air force introduced?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1947",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12669_s",
          "context": "The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR -LRB- of which Russia was governed as part -RRB- . It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union , with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects -LRB- while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "572837e7ff5b5019007d9f48_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the reform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boris Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge when the reforms was going on? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18755_s",
          "context": "The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths , mainly comprising Hinduism -LSB- citation needed -RSB- , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712 , by defeating Raja Dahir . The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad . It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty , whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams , the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph . Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- In the 11th century . The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region .",
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            {
              "id": "5733fcd74776f41900661662_s",
              "question": "Where did the Umayyads conquer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sindh and Southern Punjab",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where did the Umayyads conquer?"
            }
          ]
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    },
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9184_s",
          "context": "The Greek national football team , ranking 12th in the world in 2014 -LRB- and having reached a high of 8th in the world in 2008 and 2011 -RRB- , were crowned European Champions in Euro 2004 in one of the biggest upsets in the history of the sport and became one of the most successful national teams in European football . The most successful are Olympiacos .",
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              "id": "57268b01708984140094c991_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the most successful teams in the Greek Premier League?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Olympiacos",
                  "answer_start": 348
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is one of the most successful teams in the Greek Super League?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5839_s",
          "context": "and Camargo . , and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site . The Spanish society that developed in the region replaced the sparse population of indigenous peoples . The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self-dependent , creative people that defended their European heritage . , but returned to Santa Fe in 1692 after Diego de Vargas recaptured the city and vicinity . , Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City ; shortly after , the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cuéllar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain , Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez , Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cuéllar .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707107390286e26004fc88b_s",
              "question": "When did the residents of Santa Fe return home from their flight?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1692",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did Sante Fe inhabitants return home from seeking refuge?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18734_s",
          "context": "Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a description of how these transnational information and intelligence exchanges are transformed into police case-work . The study showed that transnational police information sharing was routinized in the cross-Channel region from 1968 on the basis of agreements directly between the police agencies and without any formal agreement between the countries concerned . , with the signing of the Schengen Treaty , which formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union , there were worries that much , if not all , of this intelligence sharing was opaque , raising questions about the efficacy of the accountability mechanisms governing police information sharing in Europe -LRB- Joubert and Bevers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "1996",
            "2002",
            "1968"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b7fbcc179a14009dac2a_s",
              "question": "When did regular cross-border policing work be established in the Straits?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 439
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Channel region establish routine cross-border policing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12567_s",
          "context": "Although Dominic and the early brethren had instituted female Dominican houses at Prouille and other places by 1227 , some of the brethren of the order had misgivings about the necessity of female religious establishments in an order whose major purpose was preaching , a duty in which women could not traditionally engage . In spite of these doubts . Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women , such as Beguines , that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure . A number of these houses became centers of study and mystical spirituality in the 14th century . There were one hundred and fifty-seven nunneries in the order by 1358 . In that year , the number lessened due to disasters like the Black Death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "prouille",
            "italy",
            "europe",
            "france",
            "poland",
            "germany",
            "spain",
            "bohemia",
            "hungary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e5a4ff5b5019007d97db_s",
              "question": "Where is the house in Dominica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prouille",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was one female Dominican house located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13886_s",
          "context": "The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists -LSB- citation needed -RSB- is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language , but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history . However . In the discussion , she shows that linguistic criteria such as mutual intelligibility , huge overlap in linguistic system , and the same dialectic basis of standard language provide evidence that Croatian , Serbian , Bosnian and Montenegrin are four national variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language . Igor Mandić states : `` During the last ten years , it has been the longest , the most serious and most acrid discussion -LRB- ... -RRB- in 21st-century Croatian culture '' . Inspired by that discussion , a monograph on language and nationalism has been published .",
          "c_entity": [
            "književna",
            "igor mandić",
            "snježana kordić"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572999813f37b319004784e8_s",
              "question": "Who says that the debate between multi center or double standard classification is \"the longest, most serious and sharpest discussion in Croatian culture in the 21st century\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Igor Mandić",
                  "answer_start": 548
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that the argument between pluricentric or dual standard classifications has been the \"longest, most serious, and most acrid discussion in 21st century Croatian culture?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2133_s",
          "context": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency . , for instance , claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law -- in direct contrast to his immediate successor . , the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers . , another separation of powers case . Such a plan -LRB- which was defeated in Congress -RRB- would have seriously undermined the judiciary 's independence and power .",
          "c_entity": [
            "franklin roosevelt",
            "congress",
            "william howard taft",
            "theodore roosevelt",
            "franklin delano roosevelt",
            "schechter poultry corp.",
            "ryan",
            "supreme court"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de485ccffd8e1900b4b789_s",
              "question": "Who gave Franklin Roosevelt power during the great depression?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Congress",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13751_s",
          "context": "On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Operation Infinite Reach, a bombing campaign in Sudan and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted were associated with WIFJAJC, although others have questioned whether a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan was used as a chemical warfare plant. The plant produced much of the region's antimalarial drugs and around 50% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs. The strikes failed to kill any leaders of WIFJAJC or the Taliban.",
          "c_entity": [
            "7 august 1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572843362ca10214002da1e2_s",
              "question": "When did al Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "7 August 1998",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did al-Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8994_s",
          "context": "Soon after the war began , but the Pentagon opposed him . When authorized . , Commander , consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division . By 15 September : military intelligence , psychological warfare , guerrilla reconnaissance , and protracted bombardment facilitated a relatively light battle . However , the bombardment destroyed most of the city of Incheon .",
          "c_entity": [
            "general macarthur",
            "marine corps",
            "u.s. army",
            "x corps",
            "kpa",
            "edward almond",
            "rok army",
            "7th infantry division",
            "pentagon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bee85951b619008f7ce3_s",
              "question": "Who opposed General MacArthur's original landing plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Pentagon",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who initially opposed General MacArthur's landing plan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15717_s",
          "context": ", Charles Town had become a bustling trade center , the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies . Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia , in part because of the lucrative slave trade . By 1770 , it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies , after Boston , New York , and Philadelphia , with a population of 11,000 -- slightly more than half of them slaves . , the majority of the colony 's population was slaves .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1770",
            "the mid-18th century",
            "the future",
            "the early 20th century",
            "1708"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301f89a23a5019007fcdda_s",
              "question": "When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1770",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17410_s",
          "context": "Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated `` movement areas '' , except the traffic on runways . This includes planes , baggage trains , snowplows , grass cutters , fuel trucks , stair trucks , airline food trucks , conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles . , which runway they will use -LRB- in the case of planes -RRB- , where they will park , and when it is safe to cross runways . When a plane is ready to takeoff it will stop short of the runway . After a plane has landed , it will depart the runway and be returned to Ground Control .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tower control",
            "ground control"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57309157069b531400832196_s",
              "question": "Who guides the car in which taxi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ground Control",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who instructs vehicles on which taxiways to use?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5017_s",
          "context": "The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "defence infrastructure organisation"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f980059e9bad19000a09dc_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Defence Infrastructure Organisation",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who manages the defence estate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7503_s",
          "context": ", respectively . While quite different works , Hobbes , and Rousseau agreed that a social contract , in which the government 's authority lies in the consent of the governed , is necessary for man to live in civil society . ; in which all men are born equal and with the right to life , liberty and property . However , when one citizen breaks the Law of Nature , both the transgressor and the victim enter into a state of war , from which it is virtually impossible to break free . Therefore , such as courts , to appeal to . Contrastingly , Rousseau 's conception relies on the supposition that `` civil man '' is corrupted , while `` natural man '' has no want he can not fulfill himself . Natural man is only taken out of the state of nature when the inequality associated with private property is established . Rousseau said that people join into civil society via the social contract to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom . This is embodied in the sovereignty of the general will , the moral and collective legislative body constituted by citizens .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rousseau",
            "locke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571087b8b654c5140001f95b_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about inequality?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rousseau",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Discourse on Inequality?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18036_s",
          "context": "In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration.",
          "c_entity": [
            "64 ad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731408a05b4da19006bcf43_s",
              "question": "When was the palace of Oria built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "64 AD",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Domus Aurea constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3839_s",
          "context": "Bern was the site of the 1954 Football -LRB- Soccer -RRB- World Cup Final , a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team , who were beaten 3 -- 2 by West Germany . The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1954",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8904199e8941900975e8d_s",
              "question": "When was the final of the Berne World Cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13121_s",
          "context": ". It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation . The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner , the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler . In March 1942 , Germany . His last words will be : `` If I have to die , I shall die but with a pure heart '' . From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft . While the First World War had not notably damaged the city , Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake . In August 1944 , several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs , particularly the Palais Rohan . On 23 November 1944 . He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers , after the decisive Capture of Kufra . With the Oath of Kuffra , they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leclerc",
            "old town",
            "gestapo",
            "years old",
            "old customs house",
            "marcel weinum",
            "ancienne douane",
            "robert wagner",
            "2nd french armoured division",
            "hitler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803362ca10214002d9b6b_s",
              "question": "Who is Hitler's Supreme Commander?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gauleiter Robert Wagner",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the highest commander that is under Hitler?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9574_s",
          "context": "All students and faculty , regardless of religion , are required to agree to adhere to an honor code . Maeser created the `` Domestic Organization '' , which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity , profanity , smoking , and alcohol consumption . The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940 , and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty . : rules regarding chastity , dress , grooming , drugs , and alcohol . A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process , and must be adhered by all students , faculty , and staff . Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council . In certain cases , students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure . Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance . Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay , and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1957",
            "about 1940",
            "today",
            "the days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a7b83acd2414000dfc04_s",
              "question": "When was BYU code created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "about 1940",
                  "answer_start": 394
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the BYU Honor Code actually created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3099_s",
          "context": "The UK government has spent £ 250 million in the construction of the island 's airport . Expected to be fully operational early 2016 , it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development , reducing dependence on British government aid . The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry , with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually .",
          "c_entity": [
            "august, 2015",
            "early 2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e065a0231d4119001ac08f_s",
              "question": "When should the airport be fully operational?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 2016",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the airport expected to be fully functional?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10863_s",
          "context": "On 24 April 2014 , it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014 . This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved , and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that . The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pope francis",
            "causes of saints"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726eae2708984140094d5e7_s",
              "question": "Who should sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Francis",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12030_s",
          "context": "Spanish explorers traveling inland in the 16th century met Mississippian culture people at Joara . Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540 . Pardo made a winter base at Joara . , while Pardo traveled further , and built and garrisoned five other forts . In the spring of 1568 , natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior . Although the Spanish never returned to the interior . A 16th-century journal by Pardo 's scribe Bandera and archaeological findings since 1986 at Joara have confirmed the settlement .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cuenca",
            "morganton",
            "parris island",
            "florida",
            "san juan",
            "santa elena",
            "fort",
            "joara",
            "juan pardo",
            "mexico",
            "united states",
            "south carolina"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278177708984140094df6f_s",
              "question": "Where did Spanish researchers meet cultural people in Mississippi in the 16th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joara",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In the 16th century, where did Spanish explorers meet Mississipian cultureal people?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14754_s",
          "context": "The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure . The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East , thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient . The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used . , the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vasco da gama",
            "christopher columbus",
            "marco polo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a4f691d046914007798f3_s",
              "question": "Who once controlled the Ottoman Empire with the spice route?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marco Polo",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9401_s",
          "context": "The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city , as a number of businesses , including banks and airlines , were privatized . He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement -LRB- NAFTA -RRB- . This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City 's economic base , from manufacturing to services , as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico , or more commonly to the northern border . By contrast , corporate office buildings set their base in the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carlos salinas de gortari",
            "nafta"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268c7fdd62a815002e8939_s",
              "question": "Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Carlos Salinas de Gortari",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3449_s",
          "context": "Shortly after the French Revolution (1789), the French First Republic prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the nonstandard languages of France (patois), such as Catalan, Alsatian, Breton, Occitan, Flemish, and Basque.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1789"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e13c8acd28a01900c676d9_s",
              "question": "When is Catalonia banned in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1789",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did France outlaw Catalan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18057_s",
          "context": "The last great period of Roman mosaic art was the 12th -- 13th century when Rome developed its own distinctive artistic style , free from the strict rules of eastern tradition and with a more realistic portrayal of figures in the space . Well-known works of this period are the floral mosaics of the Basilica di San Clemente , the façade of Santa Maria in Trastevere and San Paolo fuori le Mura . The beautiful apse mosaic of Santa Maria in Trastevere -LRB- 1140 -RRB- depicts Christ and Mary sitting next to each other on the heavenly throne , the first example of this iconographic scheme . A similar mosaic , the Coronation of the Virgin . -- 94 were thoroughly restored in 1884 . , the greatest Roman painter of the 13th century . These mosaics are praised for their realistic portrayal and attempts of perspective . There is an interesting mosaic medaillon from 1210 above the gate of the church of San Tommaso in Formis showing Christ enthroned between a white and a black slave . The church belonged to the Order of the Trinitarians which was devoted to ransoming Christian slaves .",
          "c_entity": [
            "santa maria maggiore",
            "jacopo da camerino",
            "pietro cavallini",
            "jacopo torriti",
            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731671005b4da19006bd11e_s",
              "question": "Who does the facade of St. Mary's church stand for?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christ and Mary",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does the facade at the Santa Maria church depict?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11968_s",
          "context": "What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up in rural areas would work on farms doing physical labour, working with animals, and selling crops. Of all the child workers, the most serious cases involved street children and trafficked children due to the physical and emotional abuse they endured by their employers. To address the issue of child labour, the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act was implemented in 1959. Yet due to poverty, lack of education and ignorance, the legal actions were not/are not wholly enforced or accepted in Africa.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1959"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277eae708984140094df27_s",
              "question": "When did the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child come into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 708
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act implemented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8426_s",
          "context": "Napoleon 's noble , moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time . In January 1779 . In May , he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château . His first language was Corsican , and he always spoke French with a marked Corsican accent and never learned to spell French properly . He was teased by other students for his accent and applied himself to reading . An examiner observed that Napoleon `` has always been distinguished for his application in mathematics . He is fairly well acquainted with history and geography ... This boy would make an excellent sailor . '' -LSB- note 3 -RSB-",
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            {
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              "question": "Where was the first place to visit Napoleon's military academy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brienne-le-Château",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first military academy Napoleon attended located?"
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          "context": "In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site .",
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            {
              "id": "56e6f3ac6fe0821900b8ec5c_s",
              "question": "When did this historic ancient city in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage site?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16852_s",
          "context": "The past century had seen the Greek world dominated by the three primary successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great 's empire , Macedonia and the Seleucid Empire . In 202 BC , thereby disrupting the power balance among the successor states . Fearing this increasingly unstable situation . The delegation succeeded . Our primary source about these events , the surviving works of Polybius . , beginning the Second Macedonian War . , Philip 's army buckled under the pressure from the Roman-Greek army . In 197 BC , the Romans decisively defeated Philip at the Battle of Cynoscephalae , and Philip was forced to give up his recent Greek conquests . The Romans declared the `` Peace of the Greeks '' , believing that Philip 's defeat now meant that Greece would be stable . They pulled out of Greece entirely , maintaining minimal contacts with their Greek allies .",
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              "question": "Where did the Romans withdraw after Philip's death?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 745
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Romans remove their troops from after Philip's loss?"
            }
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          "context": ", however , Demetrius , who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet , invaded Macedon , seized the Macedonian throne -LRB- 294 -RRB- and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece -LRB- 293-291 -RRB- . , and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves . Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese . He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him . After initial successes , he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity . , who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself , was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium , near Sardis . , who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon . , his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy . Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls . He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years .",
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              "question": "Who caught Demetrius?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who captured Demetrius?"
            }
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          "context": "Gorbachev 's inability to alleviate any of Armenia 's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence . In May 1990 , the New Armenian Army -LRB- NAA -RRB- was established , serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army . The violence resulted in the deaths of five Armenians killed in a shootout with the MVD at the railway station . Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting .",
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              "question": "When was NAA formed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "May 1990",
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              "original_question": "When was the NAA formed?"
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          "context": ", while Perdiccas , the leading cavalry commander . After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon , a compromise was arranged , assuming that it was a boy -LRB- as it was . Perdiccas himself would become regent -LRB- epimeletes -RRB- of the empire . Soon , however , Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered , and assumed full control . The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire , but Perdiccas ' position was shaky , because , `` everyone was suspicious of him , and he of them '' .",
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              "question": "Who killed Melanie?",
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              "original_question": "Who order the death of Meleager?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1551_s",
          "context": "; it ended up taking them ten years . To add insult to injury , when it came time for publication , the three-volume work was so massive -LRB- more than 2,000 pages -RRB- and its audience so narrow -LRB- professional mathematicians -RRB- that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds , 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press . Despite the initial loss , today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica .",
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              "question": "Who paid to publish the principles of mathematics?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica?"
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          "context": "In November 1844 , the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation , written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers , widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species . Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time . , and it ignored adaptation . , and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology , but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists , attacked its morality and scientific errors . Vestiges had significant influence on public opinion , and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated Origin by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream . While few naturalists were willing to consider transmutation .",
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              "question": "Who wrote \"the remains of the creation of natural history\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Robert Chambers",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation?"
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          "context": ". The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- as a members of the National League -LRB- NL -RRB- Central division ; the team plays its home baseball games at Wrigley Field . ; the other is the Chicago White Sox , who are a member of the American League -LRB- AL -RRB- Central division . The team is currently owned by Thomas S. Ricketts , son of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts .",
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              "question": "Where does the Chicago Cubs play at home?",
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              "original_question": "Where do the Chicago Cubs play their home games?"
            }
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          "context": "Chopin 's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane , as did the number of his pupils , and this , together with the political strife and instability of the time , caused him to struggle financially . In February 1848 , with the cellist Auguste Franchomme , he gave his last Paris concert , which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65 .",
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              "question": "Who did Chopin play with last time?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Auguste Franchomme",
                  "answer_start": 241
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              "original_question": "Who did Chopin last perform with?"
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          "context": ". Ptolemaic queens , some of whom were the sisters of their husbands , were usually called Cleopatra . The most famous member of the line was the last queen , Cleopatra VII . Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest .",
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              "question": "Who is the last and most famous Queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Cleopatra VII",
                  "answer_start": 159
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              "original_question": "Who was the last and most famous queen of the Ptolemy dynasty?"
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          "context": "The earth deity had power over the ghostly world , and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle . The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated . , `` womb '' -RRB- , and a male serpent Typhon -LRB- τύφειν , `` to smoke '' -RRB- , the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy , who the narrators confused with Python . Python was the good daemon -LRB- ἀγαθὸς δαίμων -RRB- of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion , but she was represented as a dragon , as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East .",
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              "question": "Who is depicted as Jackie Chan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Python",
                  "answer_start": 354
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              "original_question": "Who was represented as a dragon?"
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          "context": "Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems , looked at from the basis of the structure of societies . Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies , a new development started from the 1960s , and is still unfolding : anthropologists started increasingly to study more `` complex '' social settings in which the presence of states , bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena . The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels . First of all , anthropologists continued to study political organization and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere -LRB- as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization -RRB- . Second of all , anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions -LRB- and of course on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions -RRB- . An anthropology of the state developed . Geertz ' comparative work on `` Negara '' , the Balinese state is an early , famous example .",
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              "id": "5733e009d058e614000b6489_s",
              "question": "When did the new development of stateless society come into being?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the 1960s",
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              "original_question": "When did the new development of a stateless society come about?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5856_s",
          "context": "General Aguirre moved to the deserts of the southeastern portion of the state and defeated the French forces in Parral , led by Colonel Cottret . By the middle of 1866 ; Parral was the last French stronghold within the state . On June 17 , 1866 , 1866 . , President Juárez passed ordinances regarding the rights of adjudication of property and nationalized the property of the clergy . The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War , led by General Negrete , to reorganize the state 's national guard into the Patriotic Battalion of Chihuahua . Disillusioned with the liberal political views of Maximilian , the Mexican conservatives abandoned him , and in 1867 the last of the Emperor 's forces were defeated . Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court ; despite national and international pleas for amnesty , Juárez refused to commute the sentence . Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19 , 1867 .",
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              "question": "Where did Aguirre defeat the French army?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where did Aguirre defeat the French forces?"
            }
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          "context": "In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25 , 1991 , Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR -- or , as he put it . '' He declared the office extinct , and all of its powers -LRB- such as control of the nuclear arsenal -RRB- were ceded to Yeltsin . A week earlier , Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union 's dissolution . On the same day , '' showing that it was now a sovereign state .",
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              "question": "Who controlled the situation after Gorbachev left?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was given control after Gorbachev left?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12241_s",
          "context": "Some Christian writers considered the possibility that pagan commentators may have mentioned this event , mistaking it for a solar eclipse - although this would have been impossible during the Passover , which takes place at the full moon . , who lived in the 2nd century AD , as having written `` with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar , and the great earthquakes which then took place ''",
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              "question": "Who ruled Rome during the crucifixion?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Tiberius Caesar",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reigned Rome during the Crucifixion of Jesus?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8184_s",
          "context": "Through the 1860s , Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland , John Brown . Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print , and the Queen was referred to as `` Mrs. Brown '' . The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown . , and Victoria published a book , Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands , which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly .",
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              "question": "Who is Victoria's most loyal ally?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8479_s",
          "context": "Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned against him . Realizing his position was untenable , he abdicated on 22 June in favour of his son . Even as Napoleon travelled to Paris , with the stated intent on restoring Louis XVIII to the French throne .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where did Napoleon come back to find that the people and the government betrayed him?",
              "answers": [
                {
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                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Napoleon return and find that the populace and government had turned against him?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6291_s",
          "context": "Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570a65b56d058f1900182e02_s",
              "question": "Who discussed the concept of collective exploitation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emilé Durkheim",
                  "answer_start": 56
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-233_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him , and on 2 November 1830 , he set out , `` into the wide world , with no very clearly defined aim , forever . '' With Woyciechowski , he headed for Austria , intending to go on to Italy . Later that month , in Warsaw , the November 1830 Uprising broke out , and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist . Chopin , now alone in Vienna , was nostalgic for his homeland , and wrote to a friend , `` I curse the moment of my departure . '' When in September 1831 he learned , while travelling from Vienna to Paris , that the uprising had been crushed , he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal : `` Oh God ! ... You are there , and yet you do not take vengeance ! '' , present and future of his native Poland . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d778_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin go to Austria with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Woyciechowski",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15125_s",
          "context": "Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term \"radical empiricism\" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed \"directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support\", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's \"radical empiricism\" is thus not radical in the context of the term \"empiricism\", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term \"empirical\". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572b4537f75d5e190021fd56_s",
              "question": "Who invented radical empiricism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William James",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with 'radical empiricism'?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7587_s",
          "context": "During the war , plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales . Proposals , were abandoned for various reasons , which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd , at a time when Britain was at war . Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday . Home Secretary , Herbert Morrison supported the idea , but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent . In 1946 , she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales .",
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              "id": "570f8a9f80d9841400ab35af_s",
              "question": "Who would call Elizabeth the princess of Wales?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herbert Morrison",
                  "answer_start": 393
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to name Elizabeth Princess of Wales?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7151_s",
          "context": "The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain -LRB- ADGB -RRB- was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925 . However , arrangements in the UK were also called ` anti-aircraft ' , abbreviated as AA . After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by ` Light ' or ` Heavy ' -LRB- LAA or HAA -RRB- to classify a type of gun or unit . Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA , AAA or triple-A , an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery ; `` ack-ack '' -LRB- from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of `` AA '' -RRB- ; and archie -LRB- a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey 's line `` Archibald , certainly not ! '' -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When was adgb founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
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                }
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              "original_question": "What year was the ADGB created?"
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          "context": ". , a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931 . , including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency . Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s . Built in the 1940s , to house government employees , was the last residential areas built by the British Raj .",
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            {
              "id": "5705e82775f01819005e7740_s",
              "question": "Where was the housing built for employees in the 1920s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gole Market area",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8499_s",
          "context": "Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike. His role in the Haitian Revolution and decision to reinstate slavery in France's oversea colonies are controversial and have an impact on his reputation.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who ended the lack of justice and chaos after the French Revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who put a stop to the lack of law and presence of disorder in post-Revolutionary France?"
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        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14507_s",
          "context": "Lester Brown states that the market \"does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems\". It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited concern for future generations. Tax and subsidy shifting can help overcome these problems, though is also problematic to combine different international normative regimes regulating this issue.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who believes that the market does not appreciate the services of nature enough?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lester Brown",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8008_s",
          "context": "In the 1980s , parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children . , the response from the public was mostly negative . Some African-American organizations , and African-American political leaders , such as Congresswoman Diane Watson and Congressman Augustus Hawkins , were particularly vocal in their rejection of the category , as they feared the loss of political and economic power if African Americans reduced their numbers by self-identification .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dea26b64a571400c71df8_s",
              "question": "When did multiracial people start to organize more inclusive racial identity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did multiracial people start to organize for more inclusive racial identifiers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2414_s",
          "context": "Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club . Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby . They play at the Brickfields . Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League -- the top tier of British basketball . They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983 . Plymouth cricket club was formed in 1843 , the current 1st XI play in the Devon Premier League . Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League . , the Plymouth Admirals until 2010 . Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club , with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df782356340a1900b29be7_s",
              "question": "Where do Plymouth attackers play their home game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Plymouth Pavilions",
                  "answer_start": 397
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do the Plymouth Raiders play their home games?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11834_s",
          "context": ". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs . Philadelphia was selected as the test case because , as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained , `` The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws ... openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle . '' The order included definite `` goals and timetables . '' , `` We would not impose quotas , but would require federal contractors to show ` affirmative action ' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment . ''",
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              "question": "Who holds the post of deputy minister of labor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arthur Fletcher",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who held the position of Assistant Secretary of Labor?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7144_s",
          "context": "From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain. Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft. However, the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d96_s",
              "question": "Where is the surveillance video?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Britain",
                  "answer_start": 247
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Observer Corps based?"
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16456_s",
          "context": "There are 13 universities in Hyderabad : two private universities , two deemed universities , six state universities and three central universities . The central universities are the University of Hyderabad , Maulana Azad National Urdu University and the English and Foreign Languages University . Osmania University , established in 1918 . The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University , is the first distance learning open university in India .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc145a23a5019007fc986_s",
              "question": "When was Osman university founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Osmania University formed?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12024_s",
          "context": ", the Reconstruction Era began . The United States abolished slavery without compensation to slaveholders or reparations to freedmen . A Republican Party coalition of black freedmen . The white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1870 , in part by Ku Klux Klan violence and terrorism at the polls , to suppress black voting . , when the Red Shirts , helped suppress black voting .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727772ff1498d1400e8f8df_s",
              "question": "When did the white people's party regain control of state legislation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did white Democrats regain control of the state legislature?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16001_s",
          "context": "In the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a significant portion of its land tax revenue. To eliminate the influence of such private entrepreneurs, Emperor Wu nationalized the salt and iron industries in 117 BC and allowed many of the former industrialists to become officials administering the monopolies. By Eastern Han times, the central government monopolies were repealed in favor of production by commandery and county administrations, as well as private businessmen.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who allows industrialists to become officials in newly approved industries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Wu",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who allowed industrialists to become officials in the newly state sanctioned industries?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9891_s",
          "context": "With French . The scramble continued into the 1890s . A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896 , and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898 . , but a British colony in reality .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where did France try to invade in 1898?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fashoda",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did France try to invade in 1898?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7347_s",
          "context": "General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen regularly outdistancing their Prussian counterparts in the skirmishing around Saarbrücken. However the Prussians resisted strongly, and the French suffered 86 casualties to the Prussian 83 casualties. Saarbrücken also proved to be a major obstacle in terms of logistics. Only one railway there led to the German hinterland but could be easily defended by a single force, and the only river systems in the region ran along the border instead of inland. While the French hailed the invasion as the first step towards the Rhineland and later Berlin, General Le Bœuf and Napoleon III were receiving alarming reports from foreign news sources of Prussian and Bavarian armies massing to the southeast in addition to the forces to the north and northeast.",
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              "id": "570d567ffed7b91900d45ec1_s",
              "question": "When will the troops of frosad and bazaar cross the German border?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 August",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date did Frossard's and Bazaines's troops cross the German border?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2926_s",
          "context": "In the 1950s , many starring Tony Curtis . , although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become . , Tony Curtis .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e58_s",
              "question": "Who has seen many fantastic movies of globegroup international?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Tony Curtis",
                  "answer_start": 29
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18245_s",
          "context": "Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated . Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency . Madison issued four religious proclamations while President , but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment . On the other hand , both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol . Years before the ratification of the Constitution , Madison contended `` Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large , still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body . '' After retiring from the presidency , Madison wrote of `` total separation of the church from the state . '' '' , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both . '' In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded , `` We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts . do better without Kings & Nobles than with them . The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity , without than with the aid of Govt . '' , as well as the Federal Government , from an establishment of religion , but the House did not pass them . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b79a0fdd8d15006c6490_s",
              "question": "Where did Jefferson and Madison go to church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "at the Capitol",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did both Jefferson and Madison attend religious services?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8420_s",
          "context": "Napoléon Bonaparte -LRB- / nəˈpoʊliən , - ˈpoʊljən / ; French : -LSB- napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt -RSB- , born Napoleone di Buonaparte . As Napoleon I , and again in 1815 . He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles , building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815 . Often considered one of the greatest commanders in history , his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide . He also remains one of the most celebrated and controversial political figures in Western history . In civil affairs , Napoleon had a major long-term impact by bringing liberal reforms to the territories that he conquered , especially the Low Countries , Switzerland , and large parts of modern Italy and Germany . He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- His lasting legal achievement , the Napoleonic Code , from Japan to Quebec .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263f11ec44d21400f3dcbd_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon Bonaparte finally break up his empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon Bonaparte's empire finally collapse?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4462_s",
          "context": ". However . In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands , which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate . In World War II , the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign . Along with other Pacific Islands , the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US . , under a Compact of Free Association with the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56f952ba9b226e1400dd1315_s",
              "question": "When was the South Pacific mission formulated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18327_s",
          "context": ", a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro , California , did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans . A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis . Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influential ; especially `` Hosanna ! '' in Lakeville , and North Heights in St. Paul . The next generation of Lutheran charismatics cluster around the Alliance of Renewal Churches . Richard A. Jensen 's Touched by the Spirit published in 1974 , played a major role of the Lutheran understanding to the charismatic movement .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324a780fdd8d15006c691d_s",
              "question": "Who wrote it and was touched by the Holy Spirit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard A. Jensen",
                  "answer_start": 482
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Touched by the Spirit?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3252_s",
          "context": "Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who published the Internet Explorer browser?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Microsoft",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who released the Internet Explorer browser?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7618_s",
          "context": "In 1997 , Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris . The Queen was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral . Diana 's two sons by Charles -- Princes William and Harry . After that single public appearance , but the royal family 's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay . Pressured by the hostile reaction . In the broadcast , she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings `` as a grandmother '' for the two princes . As a result , much of the public hostility evaporated .",
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              "id": "57100daba58dae1900cd6823_s",
              "question": "When did Diana die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Diana die?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15189_s",
          "context": "At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling. Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572bc3cf111d821400f38f7c_s",
              "question": "Who strongly influenced the literature on how income relates to school education?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacob Mincer",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Literature on how earnings and how it relates to schooling was greatly influenced by who?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9607_s",
          "context": ". , poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols , which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return . Other international department stores include Debenhams and Marks & Spencer . Galeries Lafayette also joins the Indonesian market in 2013 inside Pacific Place Mall . This department store is targeting middle up market with price range from affordable to luxury , poised to be the largest upscale department store . , Debenhams , Harvey Nichols , Marks & Spencer . Mitra Adiperkasa .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "galeries lafayette"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266ad8f1498d1400e8df20_s",
              "question": "Where did Dafeng hotel open in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pacific Place Mall",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Galeries Lafayette open in 2013, inside Indonesia? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": "; he was 82 years old . In 1894 , without consulting the outgoing prime minister . His government was weak , and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him . Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria 's reign .",
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            {
              "id": "5724d7b50a492a1900435643_s",
              "question": "Who replaced Lord rosenberry after only a year in office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5442_s",
          "context": "Indigenous Australians have been referred to as `` black people '' in Australia since the early days of European settlement . While originally related to skin colour .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706cb470eeca41400aa0e31_s",
              "question": "When did Australians begin to call themselves black?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "since the early days of European settlement",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13249_s",
          "context": "The empire went into decline thereafter . The Mughals suffered several blows due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans . During the decline of the Mughal Empire , several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline . In 1737 . Under the general Amir Khan Umrao Al Udat , the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers . Baji Rao , however , easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled . In 1737 , in the final defeat of Mughal Empire , the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army , Nizam-ul-mulk , was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army . This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire . In 1739 , Nader Shah , defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal . After this victory , carrying away many treasures , including the Peacock Throne . The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757 . The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , also called the 1857 War of Independence , and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bhopal",
            "iran",
            "delhi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a97f3acd2414000dfc40_s",
              "question": "Where was the last Mughal battle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bhopal",
                  "answer_start": 649
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the site of the final battle for the Mughals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16413_s",
          "context": "Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah . , Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty , known as the Nizams of Hyderabad . The Nizam 's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj , with the city serving as its capital . The Nizami influence can still be seen in the culture of the Hyderabadi Muslims . , and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act . , the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "winter",
            "1948",
            "1956",
            "2025",
            "1591",
            "nearly a century",
            "1724",
            "150 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572efb57dfa6aa1500f8d517_s",
              "question": "When was Hyderabad founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Established in 1591",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Hyderabad established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8471_s",
          "context": "The Russians avoided Napoleon's objective of a decisive engagement and instead retreated deeper into Russia. A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a series of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance. The Russians again avoided battle, although in a few cases this was only achieved because Napoleon uncharacteristically hesitated to attack when the opportunity arose. Owing to the Russian army's scorched earth tactics, the French found it increasingly difficult to forage food for themselves and their horses.",
          "c_entity": [
            "smolensk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b6b4f1498d1400e8e885_s",
              "question": "Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and be defeated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Smolensk",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and get defeated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10899_s",
          "context": "In 1886 , a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads . Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution -LRB- prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison -RRB- , allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid , provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole , and provided controls systems for electric operations . This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887 -- 88 in Richmond VA , the electric elevator and control system in 1892 , and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars , which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the `` L '' . , while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor , which would become much more widespread . The development of electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of a relatively small air gap between rotor and stator . Efficient designs have a comparatively small air gap . -LSB- a -RSB- The St. Louis motor , long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles , is extremely inefficient for the same reason , as well as appearing nothing like a modern motor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas edison",
            "frank julian sprague"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a6ba5951b619008f7921_s",
              "question": "Who does Sprague work for in his career?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Edison",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Sprague work for early in his career?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5034_s",
          "context": ", the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio . The system , known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal , required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution -LRB- 1080i/1125 lines -RRB- . Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989 , which featured commercial and NHK programming .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "1991",
            "1979",
            "november 25, 1994"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b39_s",
              "question": "When did the high vision satellite test begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 414
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14216_s",
          "context": "The first book printed in France , Epistolae -LRB- `` Letters '' -RRB- , by Gasparinus de Bergamo -LRB- Gasparino da Barzizza -RRB- , was published in Paris in 1470 by the press established by Johann Heynlin . Since then , Paris has been the centre of the French publishing industry , the home of some of the world 's best-known writers and poets , and the setting for many classic works of French literature . Almost all the books published in Paris in the Middle Ages were in Latin , rather than French . , with authors such as Boileau , Corneille , La Fontaine , Molière , Racine , several coming from the provinces , and the foundation of the Académie française . , the literary life of Paris revolved around the cafés and salons , and was dominated by Voltaire , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Pierre de Marivaux , and Beaumarchais .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 18th century",
            "the 17th century",
            "1470"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f7636aef0514001548f8_s",
              "question": "When was the letter published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1470",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Epistolae published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2443_s",
          "context": "Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found \"vehemently suspect of heresy\", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to \"abjure, curse and detest\" those opinions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "galileo galilei"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7126cffd8e1900b4b8e8_s",
              "question": "Who was brought to the Inquisition for heresy, but gave up his faith, and was kept under house arrest for life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galileo Galilei",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was brought before the Inquisition for heresy but renounced his beliefs and thus remained under house arrest for life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4897_s",
          "context": "The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were well preserved due to the climate found inside the cave.",
          "c_entity": [
            "armenia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98c609e9bad19000a0a99_s",
              "question": "Where was the oldest brain found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Armenia",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the oldest brain that was found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1483_s",
          "context": "  Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the \"most sensitive leg\" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad, but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding \"militant threats or anti-China protests\", and replaced by an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium. In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks, the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors. Although the relay was behind closed doors, thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame. As a consequence, no incidents arose.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 16"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d967bbdc89441400fdb3fe_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Islamabad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 16",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Islamabad?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7242_s",
          "context": "A fervent follower of the absolutist cause . For this , he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting . Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued , and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade -LRB- 1823 -- 1833 -RRB- , which followed the Trienio Liberal . The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gaietà ripoli",
            "catholic inquisition",
            "mason",
            "elío"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3fa3b3d812140066d5e3_s",
              "question": "Who was the last person killed by the inquisition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gaietà Ripoli",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18060_s",
          "context": "The Martorana church (decorated around 1143) looked originally even more Byzantine although important parts were later demolished. The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina, with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed, elongated angels. The Greek inscriptions, decorative patterns, and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina. The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily, dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ, was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel, the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia, the founder of the church.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1143"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316b0de6313a140071cf10_s",
              "question": "When was the Church of matolana decorated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "around 1143",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Martorana church decorated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15524_s",
          "context": "In 1985 , an adaptation of Alice Walker 's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name , about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America . The film received eleven Academy Award nominations . However , much to the surprise of many .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oprah winfrey",
            "whoopi goldberg",
            "roger ebert",
            "alice walker",
            "spielberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731920ce6313a140071d0ae_s",
              "question": "Who wrote purple?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alice Walker",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'The Color Purple'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6354_s",
          "context": "Prior to the 2011 -- 2012 season . On 14 July 2006 . , Jaime Gil-Aluja . The idea was to set up a foundation that could attract financial sponsorships to support a non-profit sport company . In 2004 , a company could become one of 25 `` Honorary members '' by contributing between £ 40,000 -- 60,000 -LRB- £ 54,800 -- 82,300 -RRB- per year . There are also 48 associate memberships available for an annual fee of £ 14,000 -LRB- £ 19,200 -RRB- and an unlimited number of `` patronages '' for the cost of £ 4,000 per year -LRB- £ 5,500 -RRB- . It is unclear whether the honorary members have any formal say in club policy , it is `` unlikely that Honorary Membership would not involve at least some informal influence over the club '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "un international aid target",
            "anthony king",
            "jaime gil-aluja",
            "fc barcelona foundation",
            "economical-statutory committee",
            "unicef"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c78d9fed7b91900d459de_s",
              "question": "Who proposed the Barcelona foundation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jaime Gil-Aluja",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recommended setting up the FC Barcelona Foundation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9881_s",
          "context": "During his voyage , Cook also visited New Zealand , first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642 . Initially , interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods . , with numerous trading stations established , especially in the North . , the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand . , Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi . This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand 's founding document , but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1770",
            "6 february 1840",
            "1839",
            "1642",
            "the early decades of the 19th century",
            "1769"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266fd6708984140094c5f7_s",
              "question": "When did the Netherlands Discover New Zealand?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1642",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was New Zealand discovered by the Dutch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-472_s",
          "context": "The ownership of the Spectre organisation -- originally stylised `` SPECTRE '' as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence , Terrorism , Revenge and Extortion -- and its characters . The dispute began after Fleming incorporated elements of an undeveloped film script written by McClory and screenwriter Jack Whittingham -- including characters and plot points -- into Thunderball , which McClory contested in court , claiming ownership over elements of the novel . In 1963 , Fleming settled out of court with McClory , in an agreement which awarded McClory the film rights . -- with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman as executive producers -- and the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again , an updated remake of Thunderball . Under the terms of the 1963 settlement , the literary rights stayed with Fleming , allowing the Spectre organisation and associated characters to continue appearing in print .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000 a.d.",
            "1965",
            "the 1990s before",
            "1983",
            "a second",
            "1961",
            "1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdd33262d2951400fa68c4_s",
              "question": "When did McCrory and Fleming reach an agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did McClory and Fleming reach an agreement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8730_s",
          "context": ", it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . , a mutually intelligible daughter language -LSB- n 3 -RSB- which is spoken to some degree by at least 16 million people . -LSB- n 4 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "cape",
            "namibia",
            "france",
            "suriname",
            "indonesia",
            "germany",
            "canada",
            "caribbean",
            "southern africa",
            "south africa",
            "australia",
            "united states",
            "low countries",
            "aruba"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ba9aec44d21400f3d47d_s",
              "question": "Where do most people say \"name\" in Dutch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Suriname",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what place with the word \"name\" in it do most people speak Dutch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7257_s",
          "context": "The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos . From 1609 through 1614 , the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa . They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon , where they constituted a fifth of the population , and the Valencia area specifically , where they were roughly a third of the total population . The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613 . The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles , who had lost much of their agricultural labour force ; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come . Later , during the so-called Catalan Revolt -LRB- 1640 -- 1652 -RRB- , resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "isabella",
            "ferdinand",
            "valencia",
            "moriscos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d5aabfed7b91900d45f05_s",
              "question": "Who is a Muslim convert?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moriscos",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What people group was descended from Muslim converts to Christianity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9124_s",
          "context": "In the aftermath of the First World War , Greece attempted further expansion into Asia Minor -- 1922 , contributing to a massive flight of Asia Minor Greeks . These events overlapped , with both happening during the Greek genocide -LRB- 1914-1922 -RRB- , a period during which , according to various sources , Ottoman and Turkish officials contributed to the death of several hundred thousand Asia Minor Greeks . The resultant Greek exodus from Asia Minor was made permanent , and expanded , in an official Population exchange between Greece and Turkey . The exchange was part of the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne which ended the war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1914-1922",
            "1919",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572644675951261400b5196d_s",
              "question": "When did the Greek massacre happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914-1922",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what time period did the genocide of Greeks take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1439_s",
          "context": "In Greek mythology , Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades . In Norse mythology , a bloody , four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim . In Persian mythology , two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge . In Philippine mythology , god of thunder , is responsible for lightning . In Welsh mythology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kimat",
            "cerberus",
            "cŵn annwn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8a9_s",
              "question": "Who are the three dogs guarding hell?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cerberus",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the three headed watchdog guarding Hades?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8044_s",
          "context": "On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing doctors, and promoting medicines for uses for which they were not licensed. The drugs involved were Paxil, Wellbutrin, Advair, Lamictal, and Zofran for off-label, non-covered uses. Those and the drugs Imitrex, Lotronex, Flovent, and Valtrex were involved in the kickback scheme.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2 july 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ab82810f8ca140030531b_s",
              "question": "When is GlaxoSmithKline guilty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 July 2012",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did GlaxoSmithKline plead guilty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-212_s",
          "context": "In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war.",
          "c_entity": [
            "rene dubos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d4c24776f41900661307_s",
              "question": "Who found tyramine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rene Dubos",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered tyrothricin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16674_s",
          "context": "Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan , it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR -LRB- TSFSR -RRB- on 4 March 1922 . With this annexation . In the agreement , Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars , Ardahan , and Iğdır , all of which were part of Russian Armenia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bolshevist russia",
            "alexandropol"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb156947a6a140053cb97_s",
              "question": "Who annexed Armenia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bolshevist Russia",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who annexed Armenia?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2223_s",
          "context": ", and along with Mussolini 's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War . Following the Allied victory in the Second World War , Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain . The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states . Yugoslavia was neutal .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4d554396321400ee27b8_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of Italy at the beginning of World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mussolini",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15126_s",
          "context": "John Dewey -LRB- 1859 . The role of sense experience in Dewey 's theory is crucial , in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated . Dewey 's basic thought . Therefore . The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically , in physical sciences as in ethics . Thus , ideas in Dewey 's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori .",
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              "question": "When was Dewey born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1859",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Dewey born?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10344_s",
          "context": "Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government 's policies . For the 2005 general election , despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration . However , it did speak of its hope that the Conservatives -LRB- led by Michael Howard -RRB- would one day be fit for a return to government .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who led the conservative party then?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Howard",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was leading the Conservatives at this time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18455_s",
          "context": "From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities and churches were built during this time, including a new capital at Lake Van and a new Cathedral on Akdamar Island to match. The Cathedral of Ani was also completed during this dynasty. It was during this time that the first major monasteries, such as Haghpat and Haritchavank were built. This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573243d40fdd8d15006c68a9_s",
              "question": "When was Armenian architecture revived?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "From the 9th to 11th century",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was there an Armenian architecture revival?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16660_s",
          "context": "In the next centuries , Armenia was in the Persian Empire 's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I , the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia , which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia . Throughout its history , the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires . Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples , including the Assyrians -LRB- under Ashurbanipal , at around 669 -- 627 BC , the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains -RRB- , Medes , Achaemenid Persians , Greeks , Parthians , Romans , Sassanid Persians , Byzantines , Arabs , Seljuks , Ottomans , successive Iranian Safavids , Afsharids , and Qajars , and the Russians .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572f8802947a6a140053ca36_s",
              "question": "Who ruled the Assyrians between 669 and 627 B.C?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ashurbanipal",
                  "answer_start": 508
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled the Assyrians between 669-627 BC?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1360_s",
          "context": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show . Usher , a mentor on the show , bemoaning the loss of the `` true art form of music '' , thought that shows like American Idol made it seem `` so easy that everyone can do it , and that it can happen overnight '' , and that `` television is a lie '' . , while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers , said that American Idol `` is n't really about music . It 's about all the bad aspects of the music business -- the arrogance of commerce , this sense of ` I know what will make this person a star ; artists themselves do n't know . ' '' That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry . LeAnn Rimes . It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others . , who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol , commenting on talent shows in general , said that `` there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carrie underwood",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who said Carrie won the prize without paying off her debts?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LeAnn Rimes",
                  "answer_start": 785
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that Carrie had not paid her dues to win that award?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14404_s",
          "context": "-- 1552 -RRB- : `` There is no nation in the world which fears death less . '' Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people : `` I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese , for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger . '' . He also observed : `` The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China , Korea , Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5728f514af94a219006a9e61_s",
              "question": "When did St. Francis Xavier die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1552",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "original_question": "When did St. Francis Xavier die?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12712_s",
          "context": "From 1990 to 2005 , former minister and ambassador in the Franco dictature , presided over the Galician autonomous government , the Xunta de Galicia . , Spain 's main national conservative party -RRB- since its founding . In 2002 , when the oil tanker Prestige sank and covered the Galician coast in oil . In the 2005 Galician elections , though remaining -LRB- barely -RRB- the largest party in the parliament , with 43 % of the total votes . As a result , a federal sister-party of Spain 's main social-democratic party . As the senior partner in the new coalition , the PSdeG nominated its leader , with Anxo Quintana , the leader of BNG , as its vice president .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c829ff5b5019007d9523_s",
              "question": "Who then led the political coalition to pass power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anxo Quintana",
                  "answer_start": 607
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Power then passed a political coalition headed by who?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2249_s",
          "context": "In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2973_s",
              "question": "When was the first time Tom and Jerry were on the BBC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first broadcast of Tom and Jerry on BBC One?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3991_s",
          "context": "The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread , which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson . Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre -LRB- 16 ha -RRB- site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere . The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $ 10,000 of the necessary endowment fund , and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney . , Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university . , which is the event that KU dates its founding from . , and the first class graduated in 1873 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d77221_s",
              "question": "When did the first batch of students graduate from university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 637
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the year in which KU's first roster of students graduated?"
            }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14415_s",
          "context": "The English sailor and adventurer William Adams -LRB- 1564 -- 1620 -RRB- was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai . The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai , a samurai , was born . Adams also received the title of hatamoto -LRB- bannerman -RRB- , a high-prestige position as a direct retainer in the Shogun 's court . He was provided with generous revenues : `` For the services that I have done and do daily , being employed in the Emperor 's service , the Emperor has given me a living '' -LRB- Letters -RRB- . He was granted a fief in Hemi -LRB- 逸見 -RRB- within the boundaries of present-day Yokosuka City , `` with eighty or ninety husbandmen , that be my slaves or servants '' -LRB- Letters -RRB- . His estate was valued at 250 koku . He finally wrote `` God hath provided for me after my great misery '' , -LRB- Letters -RRB- by which he meant the disaster-ridden voyage that initially brought him to Japan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fab36aef05140015492a_s",
              "question": "Who was the first Western warrior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Adams",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first Western samurai?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12141_s",
          "context": "Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology , and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley . Despite this , Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution ; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species , and questioned if Darwin 's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation . Huxley wanted science to be secular , without religious interference , praising Darwin for `` extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has , as yet , hardly penetrated '' and coining the term `` Darwinism '' as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science . Huxley gained influence , which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism , shaping much of late Victorian science . Later .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who supported Darwin's theories of evolution, though they had little impact on his own research?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Henry Huxley",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who supported Darwin's theories on evolution despite it having little impact on his own research?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17633_s",
          "context": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger . , TV in 1981 . During German rule , the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority . The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat . During South African rule , the white bias continued , with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the `` South West African '' media system . Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order , critical journalists threatened .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1898",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57310c82a5e9cc1400cdbbe1_s",
              "question": "When will Namibia introduce television?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was TV introduced in Namibia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4489_s",
          "context": "The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature, the Nitijela. (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators.) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9608b9b226e1400dd13e2_s",
              "question": "When was the recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 652
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14342_s",
          "context": ". In 1914 , CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams , hosting family outings , and furnishing a company band . , which recognizes employees with 25 years of service , was published . In 1925 , the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club , convened in Atlantic City , New Jersey .",
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              "question": "Who was the chief executive in 1914?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas J. Watson",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the CEO in 1914?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2781_s",
          "context": ", the Oklahoma City Skate Park at Wiley Post Park was renamed the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park to recognize Mat Hoffman , an Oklahoma City area resident and businessman that was instrumental in the design of the skate park and is a 10-time BMX World Vert champion . In March 2009 , the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park was named by the National Geographic Society Travel Guide as one of the `` Ten Best . ''",
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              "id": "56df771d5ca0a614008f9ace_s",
              "question": "When was Matt Hoffman sports park named one of the best sports parks by the National Geographic Society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2009",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
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              "original_question": "When was Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park considered one of the best by National Geographic Society?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15193_s",
          "context": ", including rock and roll , blues , country , and rockabilly . -LSB- not verified in body -RSB- Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues , with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909 . -LSB- not verified in body -RSB- Memphis is also home to Sun Records , where musicians such as Elvis Presley , Johnny Cash , Carl Perkins , Jerry Lee Lewis , Roy Orbison , and Charlie Rich began their recording careers , and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s . : the Memphis Rock N ' Soul Museum . Moreover , the Rockabilly Hall of Fame . -LSB- not verified in body -RSB-",
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              "question": "Where is Memphis where Bruce was born?",
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                  "answer_start": 96
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              "original_question": "What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-571_s",
          "context": "However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.",
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              "question": "Where will the Chinese conduct security checks?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "schools across China",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
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              "original_question": "Where are the Chinese going to perform safety checks?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16930_s",
          "context": "Japan sponsored several puppet governments, one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei. However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.",
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              "id": "572fcc4ba23a5019007fca04_s",
              "question": "When did the cooperation between the Communist Party and the Nationalist forces end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1941",
                  "answer_start": 489
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did cooperation between communist and nationalist forces end?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1321_s",
          "context": "Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week , and the judges decided to use their `` save '' option on her , making her the first female recipient of the save . The following week , unlike previous seasons . Sanchez later made the final two , the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale .",
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              "question": "Who is the recipient of the rescue?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the recipient of the Judges' Save?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16044_s",
          "context": "The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue . Where Census figures are available , they show around 3 million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus . Estimates provided by the SAE - World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide . , the number is closer to just below 5 million . Integration , intermarriage , and loss of the Greek language influence the self-identification of the Omogeneia . Important centres of the New Greek Diaspora today are London , New York , Melbourne and Toronto . In 2010 . This law was later repealed in early 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "world council of hellenes abroad",
            "sorbonne university",
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            "hellenic parliament"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57307352069b5314008320ec_s",
              "question": "Who gave the contradiction to the Greeks abroad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "World Council of Hellenes Abroad",
                  "answer_start": 222
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided the contradictory  population numbers for Greeks abroad ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10650_s",
          "context": "There was a distinct difference between Kahnweiler 's Cubists and the Salon Cubists . Prior to 1914 , Picasso , Braque , Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler , who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works . Kahnweiler sold only to a small circle of connoisseurs . His support gave his artists the freedom to experiment in relative privacy . Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912 , while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5726c394f1498d1400e8ea91_s",
              "question": "Where were Blake and Grice before the end of World War I?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Montmartre",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6320_s",
          "context": "On 14 June 1925 , the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March . As a reprisal . This coincided with the transition to professional football , and , in 1926 , for the first time , to operate a professional football club . On 3 July 1927 , against the Spanish national team . To kick off the match . In 1928 , victory in the Spanish Cup was celebrated with a poem titled `` Oda a Platko '' , which was written by a member of the Generation of ' 27 , Rafael Alberti . On 23 June 1929 . A year after winning the championship , on 30 July 1930 .",
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            "barcelona",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aaeff6d058f1900183075_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the poem \"APto ODA\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rafael Alberti",
                  "answer_start": 452
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the poem titled \"Oda a Platko\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11613_s",
          "context": "Astronomy , religious literature of India . : `` One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence , the configuration of the universe , the spherical self-supporting earth , and the year of 360 days divided into 12 equal parts of 30 days each with a periodical intercalary month . '' . The first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani , written by Bhāskara in the 12th century , cover topics such as : mean longitudes of the planets ; true longitudes of the planets ; the three problems of diurnal rotation ; syzygies ; lunar eclipses ; solar eclipses ; latitudes of the planets ; risings and settings ; the moon 's crescent ; conjunctions of the planets with each other ; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars ; and the patas of the sun and moon . The 13 chapters of the second part cover the nature of the sphere , as well as significant astronomical and trigonometric calculations based on it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sarma",
            "bhāskara",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572705155951b619008f84b8_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the first twelve chapters of \"the West dalanta\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bhāskara",
                  "answer_start": 401
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4935_s",
          "context": "The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia. In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of the Middle East, which began:",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1206_s",
              "question": "Who published the Middle East issue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Edward Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The problem of the Middle East was published by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11153_s",
          "context": "The Crimean War was one of the first conflicts to use modern technologies such as explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs.(Preface) The war was one of the first to be documented extensively in written reports and photographs. As the legend of the \"Charge of the Light Brigade\" demonstrates, the war quickly became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. The reaction in the UK was a demand for professionalization, most famously achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering modern nursing while treating the wounded.",
          "c_entity": [
            "florence nightingale"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b882dd62a815002e8e21_s",
              "question": "Who is recognized as the pioneer of modern wounded care?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Florence Nightingale",
                  "answer_start": 491
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was recognized for treating the wounded while pioneering modern nursing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11608_s",
          "context": "The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) produced the first systematic star catalog. The level of achievement in Hellenistic astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150-100 BC), an analog computer for calculating the position of planets. Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not reappear until the 14th century, when mechanical astronomical clocks appeared in Europe.",
          "c_entity": [
            "samos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fa9cdd62a815002e96bc_s",
              "question": "Who created the sun centered model of the solar system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aristarchus of Samos",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the sun-centered model of the solar system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11822_s",
          "context": ", color or creed '' , , Harold L. Ickes . , where contractors were required to employ a fixed percentage of Black workers , : 14FDR 's largest contribution to affirmative action , however , lay in his Executive Order 8802 which prohibited discrimination in the defense industry or government. : 22 The executive order promoted the idea that if taxpayer funds were accepted through a government contract , then all taxpayers should have an equal opportunity to work through the contractor. : 23 -- 4 To enforce this idea : 22",
          "c_entity": [
            "harold l. ickes",
            "fdr",
            "clark foreman",
            "harry hopkins.",
            "interior",
            "public works administration",
            "roosevelt",
            "robert c. weaver"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572728d1f1498d1400e8f430_s",
              "question": "Who are the real supporters of the foundations of affirmative action?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harold L. Ickes",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the true backer of the cause of affirmative action?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3276_s",
          "context": ", the Massachusetts Bay Colony 's first governor , John Winthrop , led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement , a key founding document of the city . Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history ; America 's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635 . , the city participated in four French and Indian Wars , until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1629",
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            "the mid 18th century",
            "the next 130 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675ce_s",
              "question": "When was the first American public school founded in Boston?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1635",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12505_s",
          "context": "In the United Kingdom , it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds . Famously , Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages . To prevent such corruption in the future . Thus the outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act . However , some benefactors are alleged to have attempted to circumvent this by cloaking their contributions as loans , giving rise to the ` Cash for Peerages ' scandal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lloyd george",
            "parliament",
            "house of lords"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a7852ca10214002d92ff_s",
              "question": "Who was found selling aristocratic clothes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lloyd George",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was discovered to be selling peerages?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2803_s",
          "context": "On December 2009 , Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3 , which will include funding -LRB- appx $ 130M -RRB- for an estimated 5-to-6-mile -LRB- 8.0 to 9.7 km -RRB- modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "7-year",
            "december 2009",
            "2017"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df89684a1a83140091eb02_s",
              "question": "When was map 3 delivered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was MAPS 3 passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15111_s",
          "context": "A generation later , the Irish Anglican bishop , George Berkeley -LRB- 1685 -- 1753 -RRB- . , he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge -LRB- 1710 -RRB- an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived , or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving . -LRB- For Berkeley , God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it . -RRB- , Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God . Berkeley 's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "george berkeley",
            "locke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b3577f75d5e190021fd14_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"alsiveren\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Berkeley",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'Alciphron'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-278_s",
          "context": "Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers . , named for its compiler , the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska .",
          "c_entity": [
            "krystyna kobylańska",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff0c3234ae51400d9c123_s",
              "question": "Who is the name of the directory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Krystyna Kobylańska",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6870_s",
          "context": ". Douglas Mawson , who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return , went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931 . In addition -- February 1909 , the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains -LRB- via the Beardmore Glacier -RRB- , and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau . One month later .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "edgeworth david",
            "axel heiberg glacier",
            "roald amundsen",
            "ernest shackleton",
            "douglas mawson",
            "scott expedition"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d9c48df2f5219002ed02e_s",
              "question": "Who led the expedition to find the magnetic pole?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Douglas Mawson",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8020_s",
          "context": "Colonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales , and plantation records in all the former colonies , often have much more information about slaves , from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories . Genealogists have begun to find plantation records , court records , land deeds and other sources to trace African-American families and individuals before 1870 . As slaves were generally forbidden to learn to read and write , black families passed along oral histories , which have had great persistence . Similarly , Native Americans did not generally learn to read and write English , although some did in the nineteenth century . Until 1930 , census enumerators used the terms free people of color and mulatto to classify people of apparent mixed race . When those terms were dropped , as a result of the lobbying by the Southern Congressional bloc , the Census Bureau used only the binary classifications of black or white , as was typical in segregated southern states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "southern congressional",
            "census bureau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dfb4e55697319006390e1_s",
              "question": "Who told the Census Bureau not to let people of color and mixed race use these terms?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Southern Congressional bloc",
                  "answer_start": 855
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who caused the Census Burea to drop the terms free people of color and mulatto?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4561_s",
          "context": "The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland , the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1795",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f832afa6d7ea1400e17481_s",
              "question": "When does aristocracy's sovereignty end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1795",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the sovereignty of szlachta end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3201_s",
          "context": "Compounds of hydrogen are often called hydrides , a term that is used fairly loosely . The term `` hydride '' suggests that the H atom has acquired a negative or anionic character , denoted H − , and is used when hydrogen forms a compound with a more electropositive element . The existence of the hydride anion , suggested by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for group I and II salt-like hydrides , producing a stoichiometry quantity of hydrogen at the anode . For hydrides other than group I and II metals , the term is quite misleading , considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen . An exception in group II hydrides is BeH 2 , which is polymeric . In lithium aluminium hydride , the AlH − 4 anion carries hydridic centers firmly attached to the Al -LRB- III -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "moers",
            "gilbert n. lewis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e090e27aa994140058e5ee_s",
              "question": "Who knows the existence of hydrated ions? Is the hydrogen atom a hydride?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gilbert N. Lewis",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10768_s",
          "context": "Immediately after reading Price 's sermon , Burke wrote a draft of what eventually became , Reflections on the Revolution in France . , a notice in the press said that shortly , Burke would publish a pamphlet on the Revolution and its British supporters . Priced at five shillings , it was more expensive than most political pamphlets , it had gone through ten printings and sold approximately 17,500 copies . , Pierre-Gaëton Dupont , wrote to Burke saying 2,500 copies had already been sold . The French translation ran to ten printings by June 1791 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "30 november",
            "1 november",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726aba15951b619008f7993_s",
              "question": "When is the tenth pressure on French translation of reflection on the French Revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1791",
                  "answer_start": 541
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the tenth printing of the French translation of 'Reflections on the Revolution in France'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10008_s",
          "context": "While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country . While there . The adoption raised strong public reaction , which Madonna did not do . She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show , saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption . She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him . Banda 's biological father , Yohane , commented , `` These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day , threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing ... . They want me to support their court case , a thing I can not do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband . '' The adoption was finalized in May 2008 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 2008",
            "one year",
            "october 2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e267dd62a815002e93e2_s",
              "question": "When was the adoption finalized?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2008",
                  "answer_start": 820
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the adoption finalized?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-701_s",
          "context": "Manhattan Island is linked to New York City 's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well . , which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan , is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world . The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan 's piers . The Holland Tunnel , connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City , New Jersey , was the world 's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927 . The Queens-Midtown Tunnel , built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn , was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940 . President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "red hook",
            "hugh l. carey tunnel",
            "lincoln tunnel",
            "queens-midtown tunnel",
            "franklin d. roosevelt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d11bca17492d1400aab9a5_s",
              "question": "Who drove through the tunnel in downtown queens in front of the others?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 822
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who drove through the Queens-Midtown Tunnel before anyone else?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18605_s",
          "context": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages . In 1873 , the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge , West Farms and Morrisania to New York ; the three towns were abolished in the process . , Queens and Staten Island , the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River , were annexed to the city . City Island , a nautical community .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "1894",
            "three years",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573251c0b9d445190005ea39_s",
              "question": "When did New York City take over Kingsbridge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8156_s",
          "context": "In 1839 , Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories -LRB- both of whom Victoria detested -RRB- voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica . The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery . The Queen commissioned a Tory , Sir Robert Peel , to form a new ministry . , it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household , who were usually his political allies and their spouses . Many of the Queen 's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs , and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories . In what became known as the bedchamber crisis , Victoria , advised by Melbourne , objected to their removal . Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen , and consequently resigned his commission , allowing Melbourne to return to office .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1839",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723d6630dadf01500fa1f45_s",
              "question": "When did Melbourne quit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1839",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Melbourne resign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6240_s",
          "context": "By 1954 , Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format , and uniform grading structures -LRB- including a point system from 1 to 15 -RRB- had been agreed upon . At this time , Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances , setting a precedent that continues . The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics . Both men 's and women 's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest , and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent . Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score , at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal , Canada . She was coached in Romania by coach , -LRB- Hungarian ethnicity -RRB- . , two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise . Even with Nadia 's perfect scores , the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union . Nevertheless .",
          "c_entity": [
            "béla károlyi",
            "comaneci",
            "nadia comăneci"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ce418fed7b91900d45a90_s",
              "question": "Who got the first full mark?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nadia Comăneci",
                  "answer_start": 589
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recieved the first perfect score?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16948_s",
          "context": "In mainland China , the Japanese 3rd , 6th , and 40th Divisions massed at Yueyang and advanced southward in three columns and crossed the Xinqiang River , and tried again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha . In January 1942 , Chinese forces got a victory at Changsha which was the first Allied success against Japan . , the Japanese army conducted a massive sweep through Zhejiang and Jiangxi of China , now known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign , with the goal of searching out the surviving American airmen , applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them and destroying air bases . This operation started on 15 May 1942 with 40 infantry battalions and 15 -- 16 artillery battalions but was repelled by Chinese forces in September . During this campaign , typhoid , plague and dysentery pathogens . Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians . Around 1,700 Japanese troops died out of a total 10,000 Japanese soldiers who fell ill with disease when their own biological weapons attack rebounded on their own forces . On 2 November 1943 , Isamu Yokoyama , deployed the 39th , 58th , 13th , 3rd , 116th and 68th divisions , a grand total of around 100,000 troops , to attack Changde of China . During the seven-week Battle of Changde , the Chinese forced Japan to fight a costly war of attrition . Although the Japanese army initially successfully captured the city , the Chinese 57th division was able to pin them down long enough for reinforcements to arrive and encircle the Japanese . The Chinese army then cut off the Japanese supply lines , forcing them into retreat , whereupon the Chinese pursued their enemy . During the battle , in an act of desperation , Japan used chemical weapons . In the aftermath of the Japanese conquest of Burma , there was widespread disorder in eastern India , and a disastrous famine in Bengal , which ultimately caused up to 3 million deaths . In spite of these , and inadequate lines of communication , British and Indian forces attempted limited counter-attacks in Burma in early 1943 . An offensive in Arakan failed , but was publicized to bolster Allied morale . It also provoked the Japanese to mount major offensives themselves the following year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "doolittle raid",
            "imperial japanese 11th army",
            "orde wingate",
            "imperial japanese army",
            "isamu yokoyama"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57321329e17f3d140042266d_s",
              "question": "Who commanded the 11th army of the Japanese Empire in November 1943?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isamu Yokoyama",
                  "answer_start": 1068
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the Imperial Japanese 11th Army on November, 1943?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-86_s",
          "context": "In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, \"that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality\". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling \"We should all be feminists\", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a TEDxEuston conference in April 2013, in her song \"Flawless\", released later that year. She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign, which uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vogue"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfafdba10cfb140055123d_s",
              "question": "Where is Beyonce cited as a modern feminist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vogue",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Beyonce quoted as saying that she is a modern-day feminist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6480_s",
          "context": "- Parbold -RRB- , Sir Peter Maxwell Davies -LRB- 1934 - , Salford -RRB- , Sir Harrison Birtwistle -LRB- 1934 - , Gordon Crosse -LRB- 1937 - , Bury -RRB- , John McCabe -LRB- 1939-2015 , Roger Smalley -LRB- 1943-2015 , Swinton -RRB- , Nigel Osborne -LRB- 1948 - , Steve Martland -LRB- 1954-2013 , Liverpool -RRB- , Simon Holt -LRB- 1958 - , Bolton -RRB- and Philip Cashian -LRB- 1963 - . It merged with the Northern College of Music -LRB- formed in 1920 -RRB- to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "salford",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b03246b8089140040f6d1_s",
              "question": "Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davis born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Salford",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4536_s",
          "context": "The Orthodox nobles' rights were nominally equal to those enjoyed by Polish and Lithuanian nobility, but there was a cultural pressure to convert to Catholicism, that was greatly eased in 1596 by the Union of Brest. See for example careers of Senator Adam Kisiel and Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1596"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f909a6d7ea1400e17346_s",
              "question": "When was the Brest union founded",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1596",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the union of brest"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17889_s",
          "context": "In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia — then seen as a tribute nation. The office had the status of a full ministry and was headed by officials of equal rank. However, appointees were at first restricted only to candidates of Manchu and Mongol ethnicity, until later open to Han Chinese as well.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who rules the territory of Tibet and Mongolia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lifan Yuan",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4324_s",
          "context": "Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8d4b69e9bad19000a05b6_s",
              "question": "When did the Southampton London train open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1840",
                  "answer_start": 434
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the rail route from Southampton to London open?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1279_s",
          "context": "Following the success of season one , the second season was moved up to air in January 2003 . The number of episodes increased , as did the show 's budget and the charge for commercial spots . Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db08b8e7c41114004b4c9b_s",
              "question": "Who is the second season reporter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kristin Adams",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a correspondent for season two?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10751_s",
          "context": "In 1744 , Burke started at Trinity College Dublin , a Protestant establishment , did not permit Catholics to take degrees . , he set up a debating society , `` Edmund Burke 's Club '' , which , merged with TCD 's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society ; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world . Burke 's father wanted him to read Law , where he entered the Middle Temple , before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe . After eschewing the Law , he pursued a livelihood through writing .",
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            {
              "id": "57269f33dd62a815002e8b3a_s",
              "question": "When did Burke start studying at 31 college in Dublin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1744",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Burke begin attending Trinity College Dublin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14423_s",
          "context": "Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century , samurai could be disloyal and treacherous -LRB- e.g. , Akechi Mitsuhide -RRB- , cowardly , brave , or overly loyal -LRB- e.g. . Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors , who in turn allied themselves with higher lords . These loyalties to the higher lords often shifted ; for example , taking their samurai with them . There were , however , also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord or daimyo , when loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee5_s",
              "question": "Who is the example of the disloyal warrior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akechi Mitsuhide",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was an example of a disloyal samurai?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18142_s",
          "context": "Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi (\"gods below\"), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as \"the living cannot share a meal with the dead\". Ceres and other underworld goddesses of fruitfulness were sometimes offered pregnant female animals; Tellus was given a pregnant cow at the Fordicidia festival. Color had a general symbolic value for sacrifices. Demigods and heroes, who belonged to the heavens and the underworld, were sometimes given black-and-white victims. Robigo (or Robigus) was given red dogs and libations of red wine at the Robigalia for the protection of crops from blight and red mildew.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b0b30fdd8d15006c645b_s",
              "question": "When did the gods and the dead downstairs celebrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "nighttime",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the gods below and the dead celebrated?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3047_s",
          "context": ". New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular , American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan , as well as some American comic strips . 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper -- the first use of the word `` manga '' in its modern sense , and where , Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip . , comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls ' and boys ' magazine and collected into hardback volumes .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf77_s",
              "question": "When did Gigi make its debut?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Jiji Manga debut?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-306_s",
          "context": ", raided as far as Lhasa . During his attack in 1240 -- 1251 -RRB- , leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism , to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China . , Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun -LRB- 1241 -- 1246 -RRB- . , stating that `` this investiture had little real impact '' but it was significant in that it established the unique `` Priest-Patron '' relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeee_s",
              "question": "Who is the ruler of the Mongol Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Töregene Khatun",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-665_s",
          "context": "Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold.",
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            {
              "id": "56cf57c2aab44d1400b89095_s",
              "question": "Who owns the Waldorf hotel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anbang Insurance Group",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owns the Waldorf Astoria?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8455_s",
          "context": ". In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign , Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré -LRB- ` square battalion ' -RRB- . In the bataillon-carré system , the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance . If any single corps was attacked . Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops , rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale . As in previous campaigns , his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war . Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army , the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force . At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt , fought on 14 October , the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties . With several major commanders dead or incapacitated , the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army , which began to quickly disintegrate . In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the `` peak of Napoleonic warfare , '' according to historian Richard Brooks , the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers , over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons . Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces : `` Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered . '' Despite their overwhelming defeat , the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight .",
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            {
              "id": "57269bdadd62a815002e8b01_s",
              "question": "When was the battle between Jena and olsted going on?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "14 October",
                  "answer_start": 824
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " On what date were the battles of Jena and Auerstedt fought?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3707_s",
          "context": ". , Princess of Wales , was held at the Abbey . On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benedict xvi",
            "sergei fyodorov",
            "diana"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8e77a99e8941900975ef7_s",
              "question": "Who was the first Pope to enter the monastery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Benedict XVI",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4433_s",
          "context": "Tito 's greatest strength , in the eyes of the western communists , had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country . It was Tito 's call for unity , and related methods , that held together the people of Yugoslavia . This ability was put to a test several times during his reign , notably during the Croatian Spring -LRB- also referred as the Masovni pokret , maspok . Despite this suppression , much of maspok 's demands were later realized with the new constitution , heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- On 16 May 1974 , the new Constitution was passed , and the aging Tito was named president for life , a status which he would enjoy for five years .",
          "c_entity": [
            "communist party",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173bc_s",
              "question": "Who became permanent president of Yugoslavia in 1974?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1318_s",
          "context": ", both teenage country singers . McCreery won the competition on May 25 , being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol . McCreery released his first single , `` I Love You This Big '' , as his coronation song , and Alaina released `` Like My Mother Does '' . McCreery 's debut album , and he became the youngest male artist to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db29dae7c41114004b4e7d_s",
              "question": "When is the end of the idol season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 25",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the season finale of Idol?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16915_s",
          "context": "Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors . Some of the earliest works we possess are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome . As the republic expanded , authors began to produce poetry , comedy , history , and tragedy . Virgil represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry . , in his On the Nature of Things , attempted to explicate science in an epic poem . The genre of satire was common in Rome , and satires were written by , among others . -RSB- to be some of the best bodies of correspondence recorded in antiquity . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573057fc2461fd1900a9cd96_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the epic \"Enid\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virgil",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8459_s",
          "context": "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government , Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal . On 17 October 1807 , 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon 's orders . This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War . , French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs , attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family . , secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country . Napoleon appointed his brother , Joseph Bonaparte . The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population . Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5726a0d85951b619008f782f_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon begin to invade Portugal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 October 1807",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon's invasion of Portugal begin?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8170_s",
          "context": "Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723f4900dadf01500fa1fba_s",
              "question": "When did Victoria's father die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1820",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Victorias Father die?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4417_s",
          "context": "Tito 's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration -LRB- ECA -RRB- , the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan . Still , he did not agree to align with the West . After Stalin 's death in 1953 , relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON . In this way , Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage . Instead of choosing sides , he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement , which would function as a ` third way ' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f733f53d8e2e1400e3745a_s",
              "question": "When did Stalin die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Stalin die?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1505_s",
          "context": " Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events)",
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              "id": "56db74aae7c41114004b512d_s",
              "question": "When was the torch relay held in Macao?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 3",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the torch relay event held in Macao?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7083_s",
          "context": "Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years , as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king . Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England ; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as `` the Northerners '' . , and many of them owed large sums of money to John ; the revolt has been characterised as `` a rebellion of the king 's debtors '' . Many of John 's military household joined the rebels , particularly amongst those that John had appointed to administrative roles across England ; their local links and loyalties outweighed their personal loyalty to John . , where opposition to the 1211 treaty between John and Llywelyn was turning into open conflict . For some the appointment of Peter des Roches as justiciar was an important factor , as he was considered an `` abrasive foreigner '' by many of the barons . The failure of John 's French military campaign in 1214 was probably the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John 's final years as king ; James Holt describes the path to civil war as `` direct .",
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            {
              "id": "570c695efed7b91900d459bf_s",
              "question": "Where do many angry barons come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "north of England",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did many of the disaffected barons come from?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10369_s",
          "context": "Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form of any human countenance.\" Germania 40: mox vehiculum et vestis et, si credere velis, numen ipsum secreto lacu abluitur – \"Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "tacitus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57275d775951b619008f88cd_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Germanic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tacitus",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Germania?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2947_s",
          "context": "His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution : his grandfather , Alexander Bell , his uncle in Dublin , and his father , were all elocutionists . His father published a variety of works on the subject , several of which are still well known , especially his The Standard Elocutionist -LRB- 1860 -RRB- . In this treatise , his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes -LRB- as they were then known -RRB- to articulate words and read other people 's lip movements to decipher meaning . Bell 's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound . Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father 's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities . He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language , including Latin , Scottish Gaelic , and even Sanskrit , accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dublin",
            "edinburgh",
            "london",
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b37_s",
              "question": "Where does bell live with his uncle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dublin",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Bell's uncle live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7226_s",
          "context": ". The `` All-India Sanskrit Festival '' -LRB- since 2002 -RRB- holds composition contests . The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit . Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres . The Mattur village in central Karnataka claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population . Inhabitants of all castes learn Sanskrit starting in childhood and converse in the language . Even the local Muslims converse in Sanskrit . Historically , the village was given by king Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire to Vedic scholars and their families , while people in his kingdom spoke Kannada and Telugu . Another effort concentrates on preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "krishnadevaraya",
            "samskrita bharati",
            "vedas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e6e890b85d914000d7ee9_s",
              "question": "Who initially gave it to the Sanskrit scholars of matpur village?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "king Krishnadevaraya",
                  "answer_start": 537
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who originally gave Mattur village to Sanskrit scholars?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17346_s",
          "context": ", the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982 . , making him the longest ruling monarch in history . A regency followed his death . Mswati III , the son of Ntfombi .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1982",
            "1973",
            "61 years",
            "1984",
            "25 april 1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302590b2c2fd140056896f_s",
              "question": "When did king sobhaza II die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did King Sobhuza II die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2974_s",
          "context": "The patent examiner , Zenas Fisk Wilber , with whom he had served in the Civil War .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gray",
            "zenas fisk wilber",
            "bell",
            "marcellus bailey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df93a338dc421700152078_s",
              "question": "Who claims to be an alcoholic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zenas Fisk Wilber",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who declared himself an alcoholic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13754_s",
          "context": "Subsequently , in October 2001 . On 7 October 2001 . , fell by mid-November . In December . It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afghanistan",
            "tora bora",
            "kabul",
            "pakistan",
            "uk",
            "u.s."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572844774b864d190016486e_s",
              "question": "Where did bin Laden escape in December 2001?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pakistan",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2466_s",
          "context": "-- February 1954 . Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government , under conditions of withdrawal of the four powers armies and German neutrality , but all were refused by the other foreign ministers , Dulles -LRB- USA -RRB- . Proposals for the reunification of Germany were nothing new : earlier on 20 March 1952 , talks about a German reunification , initiated by the socalled ` Stalin Note ' , ended after the United Kingdom , France . , affirmed that `` the object should be to avoid discussion with the Russians and to press on the European Defense Community '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "european defence community",
            "eden",
            "john gaddis",
            "james dunn",
            "nato",
            "bidault",
            "molotov",
            "robert schuman",
            "adenauer",
            "cdu",
            "rolf steininger"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df03473277331400b4d8ab_s",
              "question": "Who is the Minister of the Soviet Union who proposed the reunification of Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Molotov",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13825_s",
          "context": "In 1989 , during the `` Singing Revolution '' , in a landmark demonstration for more independence , more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia , called the Baltic Way . All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence . , Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow , reconstituting the pre-1940 state . The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia 's reclaimed independence was Iceland .",
          "c_entity": [
            "6 september 1991",
            "31 august 1994",
            "20 august 1991",
            "1989",
            "16 november 1988"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b55c2ca10214002da628_s",
              "question": "When was the singing revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Singing Revolution occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1416_s",
          "context": "Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog gives quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d627261c85041400946f3f_s",
              "question": "When was the study completed to show that people benefited from hunting dogs with them?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10056_s",
          "context": "By the 11th century , London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England . , rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor , was one of the grandest churches in Europe . , but from this time on , London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war . : `` It had the resources , and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "westminster abbey",
            "edward",
            "frank stenton",
            "winchester"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e856ff5b5019007d981a_s",
              "question": "Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Edward the Confessor",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11217_s",
          "context": "`` The roots of all our modern academic fields can be found within the pages of literature . '' Literature in all its forms can be seen as written records , whether the literature itself be factual or fictional , it is still quite possible to decipher facts through things like characters ' actions and words or the authors ' style of writing and the intent behind the words . The plot is for more than just entertainment purposes ; within it lies information about economics , psychology , science , religions , politics , cultures , and social depth . Studying and analyzing literature becomes very important in terms of learning about our history . This can even help us to understand references made in more modern literature because authors often make references to Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments . Not only is there literature written on each of the aforementioned topics themselves , and how they have evolved throughout history -LRB- like a book about the history of economics or a book about evolution and science , for example -RRB- but we can also learn about these things in fictional works . Authors often include historical moments in their works , like when Lord Byron talks about the Spanish and the French in `` Childe Harold 's Pilgrimage : Canto I '' and expresses his opinions through his character Childe Harold . Through literature we are able to continuously uncover new information about history . It is easy to see how all academic fields have roots in literature . Information became easier to pass down from generation to generation once we began to write it down . Eventually everything was written down , from things like home remedies and cures for illness , or how to build shelter to traditions and religious practices . From there people were able to study literature , improve on ideas , further our knowledge , and academic fields such as the medical field or trades could be started .",
          "c_entity": [
            "once",
            "past",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c60d5951b619008f7dbc_s",
              "question": "When what does our society do, intergenerational information transmission becomes easy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "once we began to write it down",
                  "answer_start": 1597
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Passing information down through generations was made easier when our society did what?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1329_s",
          "context": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.",
          "c_entity": [
            "sam woolf"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db30ede7c41114004b4f0c_s",
              "question": "Who saved the judges this season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sam Woolf",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who received the Judges' Save this season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2719_s",
          "context": "On October 11 , 2011 . In January 2012 , Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dennis kooker",
            "doug morris",
            "universal motown republic group",
            "mel lewinter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df24ce3277331400b4d9a6_s",
              "question": "Who became president of global digital business and U.S. sales in 2012?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dennis Kooker",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16662_s",
          "context": ", the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia . Soon , the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well . The Byzantine rule was short lived , establishing the Seljuk Empire . To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative , Gagik II , King of Ani , an Armenian named Roupen , went with some of his countrymen into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia . The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under King Leo I , a descendant of Prince Roupen .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1071",
            "1045",
            "6 january 1198"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8ba7b2c2fd14005681e1_s",
              "question": "When was Silesia founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "6 January 1198",
                  "answer_start": 563
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Cilicia founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-245_s",
          "context": "On 3 December , Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca : `` Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead ; the second said I was dying ; and the third said I was about to die . '' He also had problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him . It finally arrived from Paris in December . Chopin wrote to Pleyel in January 1839 : `` I am sending you my Preludes -LSB- -LRB- Op. 28 -RRB- -RSB- . I finished them on your little piano , which arrived in the best possible condition in spite of the sea , the bad weather and the Palma customs . '' Chopin was also able to undertake work on his Ballade No. 2 , Op. 38 ; two Polonaises , Op. 40 ; and the Scherzo No. 3 , Op. 39 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pleyel",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d347fb59d6e414001462a0_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin send his pioneers to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pleyel",
                  "answer_start": 274
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin send his Preludes to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18843_s",
          "context": "The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends . , present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names `` Nagdaha '' as it was full of snakes . The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land . After sometimes , a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake . , killed Banasur and again drained out water .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bodhisatwa manjusri",
            "swayambhu purana",
            "bhuktaman",
            "krishna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57359d61e853931400426a54_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of manjopatan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bodhisatwa Manjusri",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of Manjupattan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8180_s",
          "context": "In 1870 , republican sentiment in Britain , fed by the Queen 's seclusion , was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic . A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria 's removal , and Radical MPs spoke against her . , she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm , which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray . , at the height of the republican movement , the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever , the disease that was believed to have killed his father , and Victoria was fearful her son would die . As the tenth anniversary of her husband 's death approached , her son 's condition grew no better , and Victoria 's distress continued . To general rejoicing , he pulled through . , and republican feeling subsided .",
          "c_entity": [
            "27 february 1872",
            "august",
            "september 1871",
            "late november 1871",
            "1870",
            "thanksgiving"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724041d0ba9f01400d97b19_s",
              "question": "When was the Third French Republic founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Third French Republic established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12014_s",
          "context": "In winter , the Piedmont is colder than the coast , with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s -- lower 50s °F -LRB- 8 . The region averages around 3 -- 5 in -LRB- 8 -- 13 cm -RRB- of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area , and slightly more north toward the Virginia border . The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain . Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines . Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast , but even at its lowest .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the day",
            "night",
            "year",
            "winter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572766c4dd62a815002e9c3c_s",
              "question": "When is the foothills colder than the coast in a year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "winter",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Piedmont is colder than the coast in what season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15932_s",
          "context": "In the medieval Middle Eastern world , the physicist and Islamic scholar , 872 -- 950 -RRB- , conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum , in which he investigated handheld plungers in water . -LSB- unreliable source ? -RSB- He concluded that air 's volume can expand to fill available space , and he suggested that the concept of perfect vacuum was incoherent . However , 965 , and they supported the existence of a void . Using geometry . , Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī also states that `` there is no observable evidence that rules out the possibility of vacuum '' . The suction pump later appeared in Europe from the 15th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nader el-bizri",
            "abū rayhān al-bīrūnī",
            "aristotle",
            "al-farabi",
            "ahmad dallal",
            "ibn al-haytham",
            "alhazen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eb66fdfa6aa1500f8d2f1_s",
              "question": "Who says there is no evidence to eliminate the vacuum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who stated that there was no evidence to rule out a vacuum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18342_s",
          "context": "Also , other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants . For example , torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740 , Harriet Beecher Stowe , Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants -RRB- . Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law . The Geneva Convention , an important part of humanitarian international law , was largely the work of Henry Dunant , a reformed pietist . He also founded the Red Cross .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1834",
            "1740",
            "1865"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325b510fdd8d15006c6a19_s",
              "question": "When did Prussia stop torturing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1740",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prussia stop torture?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5648_s",
          "context": "The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies . Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season . Because of its effectiveness and popularity , the boardwalk was expanded in length and width . The historic length of the boardwalk , was about 7 miles -LRB- 11 km -RRB- and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport , through Ventnor and Margate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "years",
            "1870",
            "1944"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57060d1275f01819005e78fc_s",
              "question": "When was the first corridor of Atlantic City built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14149_s",
          "context": "In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement. The history of misuse of racial categories to impact adversely one or more groups and/or to offer protection and advantage to another has a clear impact on debate of the legitimate use of known phenotypical or genotypical characteristics tied to the presumed race of both victims and perpetrators by the government.",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572942763f37b319004781b7_s",
              "question": "Where is racial profiling listed as unconstitutional?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17964_s",
          "context": "Genetic studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Amerindians and some Siberian and Central Asian peoples also revealed that the gene pool of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Siberia such as Altaians, Khakas, Shors and Soyots, living between the Altai and Lake Baikal along the Sayan mountains, are genetically closest to Amerindians.[citation needed] This view is shared by other researchers who argue that \"the ancestors of the American Indians were the first to separate from the great Asian population in the Middle Paleolithic. 2012 research found evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and indigenous Altaians based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome analysis. The paternal lineages of Altaians mostly belong to the subclades of haplogroup P-M45 (xR1a 38-93%; xQ1a 4-32%).",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731ac2fe17f3d14004222e4_s",
              "question": "When did the study find evidence of the common ancestry of indigenous and ancient peoples?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 529
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did research find evidence for a common ancestry between Native Americans and Altaians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8803_s",
          "context": ", where the royal carriages , including the Gold State Coach , are housed . This rococo gilt coach , designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760 . Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f1dc271a42140099d355_s",
              "question": "Who designed the golden national coach?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir William Chambers",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Gold State Coach?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4937_s",
          "context": ", Alfred Thayer Mahan , concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean , commented in 1902 :",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f77f9e9bad19000a078f_s",
              "question": "When did Alfred tell Mahan comment on the trade route?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1902",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Alfred Thayer Mahan comment on the trade routes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4626_s",
          "context": "Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m -LRB- 328 ft -RRB- per year , more rapidly in the middle than at the edges . , devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f893a2a6d7ea1400e1777d_s",
              "question": "Where did Agassi study in the 1840s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Unteraar Glacier",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-108_s",
          "context": "Her debut single , `` Crazy in Love '' was named VH1 's `` Greatest Song of the 2000s '' , earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million copies . The music video for `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' , which achieved fame for its intricate choreography and its deployment of jazz hands . In 2013 , Drake released a single titled `` Girls Love Beyoncé '' , which featured an interpolation from Destiny Child 's `` Say My Name '' and discussed his relationship with women . In January 2012 , a species of horse fly found in Northern Queensland , Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly 's unique golden hairs on its abdomen . In July 2014 . The black leotard from the `` Single Ladies '' video and her outfit from the Super Bowl half time performance are among several pieces housed at the museum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rolling stone",
            "nme",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4eaca2ccc5a1400d83347_s",
              "question": "Who sang \"girl loves Beyonce cabo 233\" in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Drake",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sang \"Girls Love Beyoncé\" in 2013?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6382_s",
          "context": "On 16 June 2006, it was announced that Everton had entered into talks with Knowsley Council and Tesco over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby. The club took the unusual move of giving its supporters a say in the club's future by holding a ballot on the proposal, finding a split of 59% to 41% in favour. Opponents to the plan included other local councils concerned by the effect of a large Tesco store being built as part of the development, and a group of fans demanding that Everton should remain within the city boundaries of Liverpool.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a87f76d058f1900182f5a_s",
              "question": "Where did a group of fans ask Everton to stay in the city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Liverpool",
                  "answer_start": 587
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did a group of fans demand that Everton remain within the city boundaries of?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5860_s",
          "context": "Despite the internal stability (known as the paz porfiriana), modernization, and economic growth in Mexico during the Porfiriato from 1876 to 1910, many across the state became deeply dissatisfied with the political system. When Díaz first ran for office, he committed to a strict “No Re-election” policy in which he disqualified himself to serve consecutive terms. Eventually backtracking on many of his initial political positions Díaz became a de facto dictator. Díaz became increasingly unpopular due to brutal suppression of political dissidents by using the Rurales and manipulating the elections to solidify his political machine. The working class was frustrated with the Díaz regime due to the corruption of the political system that had increased the inequality between the rich and poor. The peasants felt disenfranchised by the policies that promoted the unfair distribution of land where 95% of the land was owned by the top 5%.",
          "c_entity": [
            "díaz"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707199590286e26004fc8f7_s",
              "question": "Who promised strict \"no re-election\" in the election campaign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Díaz",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who committed to a strict \"No Re-election\" policy when running for office?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9451_s",
          "context": "A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating \"the Germans\" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum \"King of the Germans\" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher (\"a German\") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572937f96aef051400154b82_s",
              "question": "Who will use Rex Teton first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Gregory VII",
                  "answer_start": 468
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first used rex teutonicum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3942_s",
          "context": "In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. \"The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe—even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes,\" said RIBA president Jack Pringle.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771bc_s",
              "question": "Who was in charge of the Royal Institute of architects in 2007?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jack Pringle",
                  "answer_start": 497
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17738_s",
          "context": "The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines , doctoral students in materials science and engineering . , where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work . , his RCA colleagues Pankove and Ed Miller demonstrated the first blue electroluminescence from zinc-doped gallium nitride , though the subsequent device Pankove and Miller built , the first actual gallium nitride light-emitting diode , emitted green light . , Cree introduced the first commercially available blue LED based on the indirect bandgap semiconductor , silicon carbide -LRB- SiC -RRB- . SiC LEDs had very low efficiency , no more than about 0.03 % , but did emit in the blue portion of the visible light spectrum . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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            {
              "id": "5731085e497a881900248b1c_s",
              "question": "When was the first blue purple led developed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first blue-violet LED developed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10876_s",
          "context": "Because of his stammer , Albert dreaded public speaking . After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925 , one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners , he began to see Lionel Logue , an Australian-born speech therapist . , and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently . Subsequently , he was able to speak with less hesitation . With his delivery improved , Australia , during a tour of the empire in 1927 . His journey by sea to Australia , New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica , where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man , which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572815fbff5b5019007d9ccd_s",
              "question": "Who helped Albert improve himself in public?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lionel Logue",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-556_s",
          "context": ". Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought , May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shuangliu international airport",
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            "taoyuan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d613011c85041400946f00_s",
              "question": "Where did the Red Cross delegation from Taiwan last go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chengdu",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Red Cross team from Taiwan land?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15646_s",
          "context": "Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune . The spacecraft 's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989 . Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit , it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton , regardless of the consequences to the trajectory , similarly to what was done for Voyager 1 's encounter with Saturn and its moon Titan . The images relayed back to Earth from Voyager 2 became the basis of a 1989 PBS all-night program .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eb077c246551400ce4519_s",
              "question": "When is the nearest spacecraft to Neptune?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 August 1989",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a spacecraft get closest to Neptune?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3017_s",
          "context": "The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities . , a process was set in place towards public , commercial use of the Internet . The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfba2a7aa994140058e09a_s",
              "question": "When did the remaining restrictions on the Internet be lifted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1471_s",
          "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags , and remained there for a peaceful protest , never approaching the torch relay itself . Among them was Jane Birkin . Also present was Thupten Gyatso , President of the French Tibetan community , who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to `` remain calm , non-violent , peaceful '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8e40fdc89441400fdb390_s",
              "question": "Where are hundreds of Pro Tibetan demonstrators meeting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Trocadéro",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4586_s",
          "context": "Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues . The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate ; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime , while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty . Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the Augustan regime , and some scholars see strong associations between Augustus and Aeneas , the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome . A strong teleology , or drive towards a climax , has been detected in the poem . , the deeds of Augustus , his ancestors , and famous Romans , and the Carthaginian Wars ; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus ' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII in 31 BC . A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas . As the protagonist of the poem , Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome ; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas ' emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the `` pious '' and `` righteous '' Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01af_s",
              "question": "When did Augustus beat Mark Antony and theopatra VII?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 BC",
                  "answer_start": 747
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Ceopatra VII occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14972_s",
          "context": ". Shooting incidents peaked in 2006 when 1,857 shootings were recorded . Similarly . , the number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent to a total of 68,815 . Violent crimes , which include homicide , rape , aggravated assault , and robbery . Based on the rate of violent crimes per 1,000 residents in American cities with 25,000 people or more .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572abb9d34ae481900deac91_s",
              "question": "When did the town shooting start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did shootings peak in the city?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8360_s",
          "context": "The vast Seleucid Empire was , like Egypt , mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite . The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece . , the other cities of the Syrian tetrapolis . These cities retained traditional Greek city state institutions such as assemblies , councils and elected magistrates , but this was a facade for they were always controlled by the royal Seleucid officials . Apart from these cities , there were also a large number of Seleucid garrisons -LRB- choria -RRB- , military colonies -LRB- katoikiai -RRB- and Greek villages -LRB- komai -RRB- which the Seleucids planted throughout the empire to cement their rule . The rest of the army was made up of native troops . After being defeated by Ptolemy IV 's forces at Raphia -LRB- 217 -RRB- , Parthia , Ariana , Sogdiana , Gedrosia and Drangiana . He was successful , bringing back most of these provinces into at least nominal vassalage and receiving tribute from their rulers . After the death of Ptolemy IV -LRB- 204 -RRB- , Antiochus took advantage of the weakness of Egypt to conquer Coele-Syria in the fifth Syrian war -LRB- 202-195 -RRB- . He then began expanding his influence into Pergamene territory in Asia and crossed into Europe . In the Treaty of Apamea which ended the war , Antiochus lost all of his territories in Anatolia west of the Taurus and was forced to pay a large indemnity of 15,000 talents .",
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            {
              "id": "5725d86eec44d21400f3d694_s",
              "question": "Who defeated Antiochus III in Raphael?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ptolemy IV",
                  "answer_start": 790
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Antiochus III at Raphia?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2259_s",
          "context": "In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online.",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de85214396321400ee29de_s",
              "question": "When did the full coverage of the standard BBC programme begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2008",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was full coverage of the BBC's standard programming launched in online stream format?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15526_s",
          "context": "After two forays into more serious dramatic films . The film earned generally positive reviews and was another box office success , becoming the highest grossing film worldwide that year ; its total box office receipts even topped those of Tim Burton 's much-anticipated film Batman , which had been the bigger hit domestically . Also in 1989 , about a daredevil pilot who extinguishes forest fires . , Always was only a moderate success and had mixed reviews .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "573192cde6313a140071d0c5_s",
              "question": "Who directed Batman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tim Burton",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed 'Batman'?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5655_s",
          "context": "In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some \"salt water taffy\" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706195175f01819005e797a_s",
              "question": "When was toffee pregnant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1883",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was salt water taffy conceived?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8048_s",
          "context": "Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ac3f89499d21900609aff_s",
              "question": "Who limits the executive power of the federal government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Supreme Court",
                  "answer_start": 1118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12450_s",
          "context": ", in which most , if not all , feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night 's schedule . Hosted by Robert Osbourne , the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor 's birthday -LRB- either antemortem or posthumously -RRB- or recent death with day - or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist 's best , earliest or least-known pictures ; by effect , marathons scheduled in honor of an actor 's passing -LRB- which are scheduled within a month after their death -RRB- pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "jules feiffer",
            "turner classic movies",
            "regis philbin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278768708984140094e00a_s",
              "question": "Who is the host of the best star movie of the month?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Osbourne",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who hosts the Star of the Month films?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5335_s",
          "context": "The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest mechanical analog `` computer '' , according to Derek J. de Solla Price . It was designed to calculate astronomical positions . It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera , and has been dated to circa 100 BC . Devices of a level of complexity comparable to that of the Antikythera mechanism would not reappear until a thousand years later .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc6e7761e401900d28be0_s",
              "question": "Where was the antikeithera mechanism discovered in 1901?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14476_s",
          "context": "In 2004, NIST researchers presented evidence that an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase (dubbed \"q-glass\") could be grown from the melt. This phase is the first phase, or \"primary phase,\" to form in the Al-Fe-Si system during rapid cooling. Interestingly, experimental evidence indicates that this phase forms by a first-order transition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the q-glass nucleates from the melt as discrete particles, which grow spherically with a uniform growth rate in all directions. The diffraction pattern shows it to be an isotropic glassy phase. Yet there is a nucleation barrier, which implies an interfacial discontinuity (or internal surface) between the glass and the melt.",
          "c_entity": [
            "nist"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57296d396aef051400154e6a_s",
              "question": "Who proved that Q glass can be made from melt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "NIST researchers",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who showed that q-glass could be produced from a melt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17690_s",
          "context": ", which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments . Prior to 1947 , and the Marine Corps -LRB- for close air support of infantry operations -RRB- . The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well . In 1947 , beginning a new era of aeronautics in America .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marine corps",
            "navy",
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            "chuck yeager",
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            "the 1940s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730e860b54a4f140068ccdd_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of air support for infantry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marine Corps",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is in charge of closed air support of infantry operations? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11325_s",
          "context": ". Its spin-off , the Somers Isles Company . At that time , the company 's charter was revoked , and the English Crown took over administration . The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England , which created the Kingdom of Great Britain . , when Newfoundland became part of Canada , Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory . , it is the most populous Territory . Its first capital , St. George 's .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1684",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bc235951b619008f7c6b_s",
              "question": "When did Bermuda enter British rule?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1707",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7619_s",
          "context": ", and celebrations were held throughout her realms , the wider Commonwealth , and beyond . , she stated , as I dedicate myself anew to your service , I hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family , friendship and good neighbourliness . She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom , while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf . , Jubilee beacons were lit around the world . , she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "60 years",
            "2012",
            "4 june",
            "1781",
            "18 december",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57101abda58dae1900cd6892_s",
              "question": "When was the last time a monarch attended a peace conference?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1781",
                  "answer_start": 610
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the last time that a sovereign attended a peacetime cabinet meeting? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3854_s",
          "context": "New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6fd9cde9d371400068112_s",
              "question": "Who suggests daylight saving?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Hudson",
                  "answer_start": 14
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first suggested daylight saving?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1100_s",
          "context": "Buddhism / ˈbudɪzəm / is a nontheistic religion -LSB- note 1 -RSB- or philosophy -LRB- Sanskrit : धर्म dharma : धम्म dhamma -RRB- that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha , commonly known as the Buddha -LRB- `` the awakened one '' -RRB- . According to Buddhist tradition , the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent , present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving . Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pali",
            "nepal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff91b234ae51400d9c1bd_s",
              "question": "Where does the Buddha live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "present-day Nepal",
                  "answer_start": 440
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Buddha live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3489_s",
          "context": "In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in La Franja.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1b4decd28a01900c67a8f_s",
              "question": "When did the Aragorn government make language regulations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the government of Aragon  degree the establishment of a language regulator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7160_s",
          "context": ", designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors , but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance . In response Krupp 's engineers presented a new 88 mm design , the FlaK 36 . First used in Spain during the Spanish Civil War , the gun proved to be one of the best anti-aircraft guns in the world , as well as particularly deadly against light , medium , and even early heavy tanks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "spain",
            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d6b2bb3d812140066d8ba_s",
              "question": "Where was the first time anti-aircraft gun 36 was used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spain",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first place the FlaK 36 was used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18561_s",
          "context": "In 1954 , Eisenhower articulated the domino theory in his outlook towards communism in Southeast Asia and also in Central America . He believed that if the communists were allowed to prevail in Vietnam , this would cause a succession of countries to fall to communism , from Laos through Malaysia and Indonesia ultimately to India . Likewise . , but he remained optimistic in his opposition to the spread of communism , saying `` Long faces do n't win wars '' . As he had threatened the French in their rejection of EDC , he afterwards moved to restore West Germany , as a full NATO partner .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326b2be99e3014001e678c_s",
              "question": "When was Eisenhower's EDC rejected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Eisenhower's EDC rejected?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10339_s",
          "context": "The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990 . This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper , despite widespread opposition , -LRB- some from Conservative MPs -RRB- , which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher 's own downfall . The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major , whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically , believing he was a radical Thatcherite -- despite the economy having entered recession at this time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1990",
            "the previous year",
            "fall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269deaf1498d1400e8e502_s",
              "question": "When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1990",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12486_s",
          "context": "The first political factions , cohering around a basic , if fluid , set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England . The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories , originating in the Royalist -LRB- or `` Cavalier '' -RRB- faction of the English Civil War , were conservative royalist supporters of a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the republican tendencies of Whigs , who were the dominant political faction for most of the first half of the 18th century . The leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole , who maintained control of the government in the period 1721 -- 1742 -- 1754 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727817ddd62a815002e9efe_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the Whig party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Walpole",
                  "answer_start": 598
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader if the Whigs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2579_s",
          "context": "A pub / pʌb / , or public house is , despite its name , a private house , but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public . , Canada . In many places , especially in villages , a pub can be the focal point of the community .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb4987aa994140058e006_s",
              "question": "Where are the bars in North America except America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Canada",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18056_s",
          "context": "The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316587e6313a140071ceda_s",
              "question": "Where is the biggest mosaic of the Renaissance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Chora Church in Constantinople",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3726_s",
          "context": "The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement . A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England . It later became a meeting place of the King 's Great Council and the Commons , predecessors of Parliament .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 13th century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8f9f90b45c0140094cdae_s",
              "question": "When can one of the doors in the remains be traced back?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1050",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A door in the vestible dates back to when?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9219_s",
          "context": "The company , which benefited from the imperial patronage , soon expanded its commercial trading operations , eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia , which had established bases in Goa , Chittagong , and Bombay , which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza . The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China , which helped secure their ports in China . , Bombay -LRB- 1668 -RRB- . , the company had 23 factories , each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen , and 90 employees in India . The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal , Fort St George in Madras , and Bombay Castle .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262779271a42140099d5ed_s",
              "question": "When was the Mumbai trade station established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1668",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was the bombay trading post established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7274_s",
          "context": "Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid . Here , on 17 April , General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King 's disposition . The king abolished the Constitution of 1812 . He followed this act by dissolving the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May . Thus began six years -LRB- 1814 -- 1820 -RRB- of absolutist rule , but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal -- 1823 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d7049b3d812140066d93b_s",
              "question": "Where is Ferdinand better than Madrid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Valencia",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Ferdinand go rather than Madrid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18637_s",
          "context": "The Bronx 's evolution from a hot bed of Latin jazz to an incubator of hip hop was the subject of an award-winning documentary , produced by City Lore and broadcast on PBS in 2006 , `` From Mambo to Hip Hop : A South Bronx Tale '' . , where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732643e0fdd8d15006c6a79_s",
              "question": "When was PBS's documentary on the history of Bronx music filmed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a PBS documentary air about the Bronx's music history?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8544_s",
          "context": "Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees . The board , delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university . Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history -LRB- excluding interim presidents -RRB- , the current president , an economist , 2009 . The president has a staff of vice presidents , directors , and other assistants for administrative , financial , faculty , and student matters . , provost since September 2007 , serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school , leaders of cross-disciplinary units , and chairs of the standing faculty committee report .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry bienen",
            "daniel i. linzer",
            "william a. osborn",
            "morton o. schapiro",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ee953acd2414000df01f_s",
              "question": "Who rules the northwest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "an appointed Board of Trustees",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who governs Northwestern?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14992_s",
          "context": "In his 2004 presidential campaign , Kerry criticized George W. Bush for the Iraq War . He and his running mate , North Carolina Senator John Edwards , lost the election , finishing 35 electoral votes behind Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney . Kerry returned to the Senate . , Kerry was nominated by President Barack Obama to succeed outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and then confirmed by the U.S. Senate .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a98e6111d821400f38c1e_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry run for president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry run for president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15017_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , Kerry 's staff began their own investigations and , on October 14 , issued a report that exposed illegal activities on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North . In effect . Kerry 's staff investigation , based on a year-long inquiry and interviews with fifty unnamed sources , is said to raise `` serious questions about whether the United States has abided by the law in its handling of the contras over the past three years . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572abde9f75d5e190021fc8c_s",
              "question": "Who disclosed Kerry's employees in a report on October 14?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kerry's staff expose in an Oct 14 report?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7877_s",
          "context": "Athanasius recounts being a student . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- This persecution was most severe in the East . Peter of Alexandria , the 17th archbishop of Alexandria , was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution , and may have been one of those teachers . His successor as bishop of Alexandria , Alexander of Alexandria -LRB- 312 -- 328 -RRB- was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius . , Bishop Alexander `` invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary . He had been well educated , and was versed in grammar and rhetoric , and had already , while still a young man , and before reaching the episcopate , given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen '' . Athanasius 's earliest work , Against the Heathen -- On the Incarnation -LRB- written before 319 -RRB- , bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought -LRB- such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle 's Organon -RRB- but in an orthodox way . Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools , and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism . Ultimately , Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the `` entirely allegorical interpretation of the text '' . Still , in later works , Athanasius quotes Homer more than once -LRB- Hist . Ar . 68 , Orat . iv . 29 -RRB- . In his letter to Emperor Constantius , he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a8edb10f8ca1400305135_s",
              "question": "Where is the most serious persecution of Christianity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the East",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11283_s",
          "context": "By the late Eastern Han period , an early form of semi-cursive script appeared , developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script -LSB- c -RSB- and simple cursive . -- 188 AD , -LSB- d -RSB- although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rather than to their actual inventors , since the scripts generally evolved into being over time . Qiu gives examples of early semi-cursive script .",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5726da9b708984140094d3a7_s",
              "question": "Who showed the early examples of semi cursive writing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Qiu",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1254_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks . However , Rupert Murdoch , who was a fan of the British show . The show was renamed American Idol : The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002 . , it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year . The show , with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting , grew into a phenomenon . By 2004 , it had become the most-watched show in the U.S. , a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "simon jones",
            "cowell",
            "elisabeth",
            "lythgoe",
            "rupert murdoch",
            "fox",
            "fuller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56daeed2e7c41114004b4b3d_s",
              "question": "Who is the boss of fox's parent company?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rupert Murdoch",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the head of Fox's parent company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8255_s",
          "context": "Following the 1967 war and the `` three nos '' resolution of the Arab League , during the 1967 -- 1970 War of Attrition Israel faced attacks from the Egyptians in the Sinai , and from Palestinian groups targeting Israelis in the occupied territories , in Israel proper , and around the world . Most important among the various Palestinian and Arab groups was the Palestinian Liberation Organization -LRB- PLO -RRB- , established in 1964 , which initially committed itself to `` armed struggle as the only way to liberate the homeland '' . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , Palestinian groups launched a wave of attacks against Israeli and Jewish targets around the world , including a massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich . The Israeli government responded with an assassination campaign against the organizers of the massacre .",
          "c_entity": [
            "munich",
            "lebanon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725baec38643c19005acbf5_s",
              "question": "Where did the massacre of Israeli athletes take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972 Summer Olympics in Munich",
                  "answer_start": 723
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the massacre of the Israeli athletes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-65_s",
          "context": "In July 2002 , Austin Powers in Goldmember , which spent its first weekend atop the US box office and grossed $ 73 million . , Norway , and Belgium . In 2003 , Jr. . The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $ 30 million in the U.S. Beyoncé released `` Fighting Temptation '' as the lead single from the film 's soundtrack album , with Missy Elliott , and Free which was also used to promote the film . , `` Summertime '' , fared better on the US charts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lilly",
            "mc lyte",
            "beyoncé",
            "gooding",
            "missy elliott",
            "mike myers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be8fdf3aeaaa14008c90dd_s",
              "question": "Who is Beyonce's leading role in the movie the battle of temptation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Missy Elliott",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Beyonce record the lead single with in the movie \"The Fighting Temptations\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8376_s",
          "context": "According to Strabo , the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes -LRB- Strabo , XI.XI.I -RRB- . Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks , and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism . , son and successor of Euthydemus , invaded north-western India in 180 BC , after the destruction of the Mauryan empire there ; the Mauryans were probably allies of the Bactrians -LRB- and Seleucids -RRB- . The exact justification for the invasion remains unclear , but by about 175 BC , the Greeks ruled over parts of north-western India . This period also marks the beginning of the obfuscation of Greco-Bactrian history . ; numismatic evidence suggest the existence of several other kings shortly thereafter . It is probable that at this point that the Greco-Bactrian kingdom split into several semi-independent regions for some years , often warring amongst themselves . , his power collapsing in the face of central Asian tribal invasions -LRB- Scythian and Yuezhi -RRB- , by about 130 BCE . However , Greek urban civilisation seems to have continued in Bactria after the fall of the kingdom , having a hellenising effect on the tribes which had displaced Greek-rule . The Kushan empire which followed continued to use Greek on their coinage and Greeks continued being influential in the empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "demetrius",
            "strabo",
            "heliocles"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ebb089a1e219009ac0a6_s",
              "question": "Who says Greco Bactrian camels are connected by the Silk Road?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Strabo",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5966_s",
          "context": ". It was most prevalent in Alexandria , where alchemy is thought to have begun . , copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment . Ancient Egyptians -LRB- ~ 2400 BC -RRB- used copper for sterilizing wounds and drinking water , and later on for headaches , burns , and itching . , with copper cylinders soldered to lead , dates back to 248 BC to AD 226 and resembles a galvanic cell , leading people to believe this was the first battery ; the claim has not been verified .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jerusalem",
            "india",
            "alexandria",
            "baghdad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709595eefce8f15003a7e12_s",
              "question": "Where do archaeologists think alchemy was first practiced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandria",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do archeologists believe that alchemy was first practiced? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9992_s",
          "context": "In September 1993 , Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour , in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers . In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island 's flag between her legs on stage , resulting in outrage among the audience . , she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman , using profanity that required censorship on television , and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it . The releases of her sexually explicit films , albums and book , and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade . Critics and fans reacted negatively , who commented that `` she had gone too far '' and that her career was over .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1994",
            "september 1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cf30f1498d1400e8ebe2_s",
              "question": "When is the girl show world tour?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1993",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The Girlie Show World Tour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11005_s",
          "context": "Skiing , the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities . Winter sports are practiced by the natives and tourists since the second half of the 19th century with the invention of bobsleigh in St. Moritz . The latter town hosted the second Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and the fifth edition in 1948 . Among the most successful skiers and world champions are Pirmin Zurbriggen and Didier Cuche .",
          "c_entity": [
            "st. moritz",
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            "mürren"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bc974b864d1900163bef_s",
              "question": "Where did Bob invent it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "St. Moritz",
                  "answer_start": 216
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the bobsleigh invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15806_s",
          "context": "In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground-support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter-service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f5af4947a6a140053c8b5_s",
              "question": "When did Weaver die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1936",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Wever die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6281_s",
          "context": "Social sciences often examine emotion for the role that it plays in human culture and social interactions . In sociology , emotions are examined for the role they play in human society , social patterns and interactions , and culture . In anthropology , the study of humanity , scholars use ethnography to undertake contextual analyses and cross-cultural comparisons of a range of human activities . Some anthropology studies examine the role of emotions in human activities . In the field of communication sciences , critical organizational scholars have examined the role of emotions in organizations , from the perspectives of managers , employees , and even customers . A focus on emotions in organizations can be credited to Arlie Russell Hochschild 's concept of emotional labor . , an e-mail distribution list representing a network of academics that facilitates scholarly discussion of all matters relating to the study of emotion in organizational settings . The list was established in January 1997 and has over 700 members from across the globe .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of queensland",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a5c404103511400d59665_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the concept of emotional work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arlie Russell Hochschild",
                  "answer_start": 730
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the concept of emotional labor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18328_s",
          "context": "In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts -LRB- charismata -RRB- of the Spirit . Generally , however , Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional , such as Word of Faith . Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA , in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement , which leading figure is Terry Virgo .",
          "c_entity": [
            "terry virgo",
            "toronto blessing",
            "brownsville revival"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324b720fdd8d15006c6923_s",
              "question": "Who is running the border movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Terry Virgo",
                  "answer_start": 614
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17597_s",
          "context": "Further claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching . In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , published in 1788 , Edward Gibbon wrote : `` The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception of his virgin mother . '' That he was speaking of her immaculate conception by her mother , is shown by his footnote . '' In the aftermath of the definition of the dogma in 1854 , this charge was repeated : `` Strange as it may appear , that the doctrine which the church of Rome has promulgated , with so much pomp and ceremony , ` for the destruction of all heresies , and the confirmation of the faith of her adherents ' , should have its origin in the Mohametan Bible ; yet the testimony of such authorities as Gibbon , and Sale , leave no doubt as to the marvellous fact . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573108b205b4da19006bcd01_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the Scriptures in part five of the Roman Catholic Church anthology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward Gibbon",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the author of the texts entailed in the fifth part of the the collection about the Roman Catholic Church ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10010_s",
          "context": "Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, in April 2008. Containing R&B and urban pop influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate \"Danja\" Hills. The album debuted at number one in thirty seven countries and on the Billboard 200. Don Shewey from Rolling Stone complimented it as an \"impressive taste of her upcoming tour.\" It received generally positive reviews worldwide though some critics panned it as \"an attempt to harness the urban market\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e512708984140094d514_s",
              "question": "When was the hard sugar released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 2008",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Hard Candy released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3720_s",
          "context": "The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937 , then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops . Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme . The two organ cases , were re-instated and coloured in 1959 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john loughborough pearson",
            "harrison & harrison",
            "george vi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8f5740b45c0140094cd9b_s",
              "question": "Who made the organ?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harrison & Harrison",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the organ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14164_s",
          "context": ". His successor , and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine , Georges-Eugène Haussmann , launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards , a new opera house , a central market , new aqueducts , sewers , and parks . In 1860 , expanding Paris to its current limits .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis-philippe",
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            "bois de boulogne",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c1482ca10214002da71c_s",
              "question": "Who are Napoleon and governor Siena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georges-Eugène Haussmann",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Napoleon III's prefect of the Siene?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11862_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , claiming that his race played a role in their decision to reject his application for admission and seeking the suspension of federal financial assistance to the university until it `` discontinues discrimination against Asian Americans in all forms '' by eliminating race and legacy preferences . Princeton Dean of Admissions Janet Rapelye responded to the claims in the November 30 , 2006 , issue of the Daily Princetonian by stating that `` the numbers do n't indicate -LSB- discrimination -RSB- . '' . '' . , saying that his placement on the waitlist undermines Rapelye 's claim . `` Princeton had initially waitlisted my application . `` So if it were not for a yield which was higher than expected , the admissions office very well may have admitted a candidate whose `` outside activities were not all that outstanding '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "princeton university",
            "yale university",
            "jian li",
            "janet rapelye",
            "office for civil rights"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57276ad1dd62a815002e9c8c_s",
              "question": "Who was the dean of admissions at Princeton University at the time of the complaint?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Janet Rapelye",
                  "answer_start": 336
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Dean of Admissions at Princeton University at the time of the complaint?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12214_s",
          "context": "On December 12 , the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty . The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . The legality of this action was questionable , since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies . However , no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected . Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect , since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December . In effect , the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union . Later that day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gorbachev",
            "sfsr"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283f713acd2414000df7b6_s",
              "question": "Who approved the agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ratified the Accords?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2906_s",
          "context": ", he was an extremely cautious studio chief . He also financed all of his own films , refusing to take on debt . This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor-director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films Blind Husbands -LRB- 1919 -RRB- and Foolish Wives -LRB- 1922 -RRB- , but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers . , appearing steadily in dramas . His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame -LRB- 1923 -RRB- and The Phantom of the Opera -LRB- 1925 -RRB- . Promoted to studio chief . Without his guidance Universal became a second-tier studio , and would remain so for several decades .",
          "c_entity": [
            "laemmle",
            "lon chaney",
            "marcus loew",
            "irving thalberg",
            "erich von stroheim",
            "universal",
            "mgm",
            "william fox",
            "adolph zukor",
            "louis b. mayer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d58_s",
              "question": "Who leads the blind?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Erich von Stroheim",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed Blind Husbands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2736_s",
          "context": ". , more than 100 nearby buildings suffered severe damage , and 168 people were killed . The site has been commemorated as the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum . Since its opening in 2000 , over three million people have visited . , survivors , families and friends return to the memorial to read the names of each person lost .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "april 19, 1995",
            "every year on"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df4aa88bc80c19004e4a1c_s",
              "question": "When was the monument first opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the memorial first opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8845_s",
          "context": "Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp , and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections . Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires . , manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases . General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909 . This standard was soon adopted across the US . , intermediate , or standard or mogul sizes , or double contact bayonet base . Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81 .67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes , to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer 's products . Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration . A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1909",
            "the late 19th century",
            "current",
            "today",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264a04708984140094c178_s",
              "question": "When was the standard basic size of incandescent lamps introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 420
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were standard base sizes introduced for incandescent lamps?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15002_s",
          "context": "James Rassmann , was knocked overboard when , according to witnesses and the documentation of the event , a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat . According to the documentation for the event , Kerry 's arm was injured when he was thrown against a bulkhead during the explosion . Kerry received the Bronze Star Medal with Combat `` V '' for `` heroic achievement '' , for his actions during this incident ; he also received his third Purple Heart .",
          "c_entity": [
            "green beret",
            "james rassmann",
            "pcf",
            "kerry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572aab9634ae481900deac10_s",
              "question": "Who fell off Kerry's boat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Rassmann",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who fell overboard from Kerry's boat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18533_s",
          "context": ", President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower -- not Marshall -- would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe . He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord , the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following month",
            "supreme allied commander of the allied expeditionary force",
            "may 1945",
            "june 1944",
            "december 1943"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324b820fdd8d15006c6931_s",
              "question": "When did the overlord take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1944",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Operation Overlord take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1623_s",
          "context": "The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan , who instead spoke of the Great Moderation . A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis , with varying arguments . Examples of other experts who gave indications of a financial crisis have also been given . Not surprisingly , the Austrian economic school regarded the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded but inevitable effect of an artificial , manufactured laxity in monetary supply .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael hudson",
            "jakob brøchner madsen",
            "nouriel roubini",
            "jens kjaer sørensen",
            "fed",
            "kurt richebächer",
            "peter schiff",
            "raghuram rajan",
            "robert shiller",
            "eric janszen",
            "alan greenspan",
            "congressional",
            "dirk bezemer",
            "dean baker",
            "steve keen",
            "wynne godley",
            "fred harrison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733612b4776f41900660932_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the only mainstream economists to predict the financial crisis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Raghuram Rajan",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the only mainstream economist to predict the financial crisis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14934_s",
          "context": "Before Europeans arrived . The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government . , exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts . Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases , mainly smallpox , and violent conflict with Europeans . Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape . Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin . In the 1860s . In the 21st century .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a92c9111d821400f38bff_s",
              "question": "Where did Lenape go after he was driven out of Philadelphia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "upper Ohio River basin",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Lenape go after being pushed out of the Philidelphia area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18877_s",
          "context": ". It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings , letters and papers , memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members . Like the Tribhuvan Museum , it includes his personal belongings such as decorations , stamps , coins and personal notes and manuscripts , but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber . The Hanumandhoka Palace , a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar , contains three separate museums of historic importance . These museums include the Birendra museum , which contains items related to the second-last monarch , Birendra of Nepal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "medieval",
            "1955",
            "1906",
            "1972",
            "1920"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735c0d8e853931400426b4d_s",
              "question": "When was the palace of hanumandoka built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "medieval",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9370_s",
          "context": "Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Mexican Revolution. Originally the monument was to be the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall, but when the revolution erupted only the dome of the senate hall and its supporting pillars were completed, this was subsequently seen as a symbol by many Mexicans that the Porfirian era was over once and for all and as such, it was turned into a monument to victory over Diaz.",
          "c_entity": [
            "diaz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265ece708984140094c3da_s",
              "question": "Who is behind the modernization of Mexico City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Diaz",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15820_s",
          "context": "In addition to the dead and wounded , government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society . A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing , implying three to four million psychiatric patients . Winston Churchill told Parliament in 1934 , `` We must expect that , at least three or four million people would be driven out into the open country around the metropolis . '' Panicked reactions during the Munich crisis , such as the migration by 150,000 to Wales , contributed to fear of societal chaos .",
          "c_entity": [
            "munich",
            "london",
            "wales"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fd_s",
              "question": "Where did 150000 people move during the Munich crisis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wales",
                  "answer_start": 621
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did 150,000 migrate during the Munich crisis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4508_s",
          "context": "Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f977339e9bad19000a0969_s",
              "question": "When was the first mosque in Majuro opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2012",
                  "answer_start": 680
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first mosque in Majuro open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6117_s",
          "context": "Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion , possibly as early as 1 billion years ago . Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms , like metazoans , roughly as large -LRB- about 5 mm wide -RRB- and complex as earthworms . During the beginning of the Tonian period around 1 billion years ago , there was a decrease in Stromatolite diversity , which may indicate the appearance of grazing animals , since stromatolite diversity increased when grazing animals went extinct at the End Permian and End Ordovician extinction events , and decreased shortly after the grazer populations recovered .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1 billion years ago",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57099a75200fba14003681cc_s",
              "question": "When did the tonian period begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "around 1 billion years ago",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the beginning of the Tonian period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8899_s",
          "context": ", going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906 -- 08 . The team recorded their 10,000 th win in April , while establishing an early division lead . , and tied the league record with eight representatives to the All-Star game , including catcher Geovany Soto . On September 14 , in a game moved to Miller Park due to Hurricane Ike , and six days later the team clinched by beating St. Louis at Wrigley . The club ended the season with a 97 -- 64 record and met Los Angeles in the NLDS . Chicago committed numerous critical errors and were outscored 20 -- 6 in a Dodger sweep , which provided yet another sudden ending .",
          "c_entity": [
            "reed johnson",
            "orioles",
            "james loney",
            "ryan dempster",
            "geovany soto",
            "rookie of the year",
            "oakland athletics",
            "jim edmonds",
            "rich harden",
            "cubs",
            "zambrano",
            "kosuke fukudome",
            "astros",
            "brian roberts",
            "chunichi dragons"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572676f0dd62a815002e85e2_s",
              "question": "Who became rookie of the year in 2008?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Geovany Soto",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named Rookie of the Year in 2008?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8802_s",
          "context": "State banquets also take place in the Ballroom . On these occasions , for up to 170 guests in formal `` white tie and decorations '' , including tiaras , the dining table is laid with the Grand Service , a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales , later George IV . On this grand occasion , all the state rooms are in use , as the royal family proceed through them , beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery . As Nash had envisaged , all the large , double-mirrored doors stand open , reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces , creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november",
            "1811",
            "evening"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f0ec271a42140099d34c_s",
              "question": "When was the grand ceremony held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1811",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Grand Service made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-242_s",
          "context": "Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other , their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship . , showmanship and success . , and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller , `` I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies . '' However , at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all , forcing an apology . Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other , although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as `` my friend Liszt '' . Some commentators point to events in the two men 's romantic lives which led to a rift between them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hiller",
            "liszt",
            "george sand",
            "harold c. schonberg",
            "marie d'agoult",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3227259d6e41400146281_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Chopin to show that he wanted to deprive an actress of the ability to play music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hiller",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin write to displaying his desire to take away a performers ability to play his music?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3583_s",
          "context": "Following the successes of his trial-run games . , godfather of the `` run and shoot '' and modern pro offenses , as executive director of football operations . Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league 's original wide-open offensive playbooks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pittsburgh gladiators",
            "washington commandos",
            "denver dynamite",
            "foster",
            "darrel",
            "arena football league",
            "davis",
            "chicago bruisers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e798c537bdd419002c41e1_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for recruiting the first trainers of AFL Team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Davis",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for hiring the first coaches of the AFL teams?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8226_s",
          "context": "In Italy , Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge -LRB- a.k.a. P2 -RRB- . This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877 , as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges . , in the late 1970s . However , by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "licio gelli",
            "grande oriente",
            "vatican bank"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b29708984140094c558_s",
              "question": "Who rents the propaganda house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Grande Oriente d'Italia",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Propaganda Due Lodge was chartered by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17856_s",
          "context": "Faced with the stripping of their powers , Wu Sangui , later joined by Geng Zhongming and by Shang Kexi 's son Shang Zhixin , felt they had no choice but to revolt . Wu attempted , ultimately in vain , to fire the embers of south China Ming loyalty by restoring Ming customs , ordering that the resented queues be cut , and declaring himself emperor of a new dynasty . At the peak of the rebels ' fortunes , they extended their control as far north as the Yangtze River , nearly establishing a divided China . Wu then hesitated to go further north , not being able to coordinate strategy with his allies , and Kangxi was able to unify his forces for a counterattack led by a new generation of Manchu generals . By 1681 . Manchu Generals and Bannermen were initially put to shame by the better performance of the Han Chinese Green Standard Army , who fought better than them against the rebels and this was noted by Kangxi , leading him to task Generals Sun Sike , Wang Jinbao , and Zhao Liangdong to lead Green Standard Soldiers to crush the rebels . The Qing thought that Han Chinese were superior at battling other Han people and so used the Green Standard Army as the dominant and majority army in crushing the rebels instead of Bannermen . Similarly , in northwestern China against Wang Fuchen , the Qing used Han Chinese Green Standard Army soldiers and Han Chinese Generals such as Zhang Liangdong , Wang Jinbao , and Zhang Yong as the primary military forces . This choice was due to the rocky terrain , which favoured infantry troops over cavalry , to the desire to keep Bannermen in the reserves , and , again , to the belief that Han troops were better at fighting other Han people . These Han generals achieved victory over the rebels . Also due to the mountainous terrain , with Manchus only participating in dealing with logistics and provisions . 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers and 150,000 Bannermen served on the Qing side during the war . 213 Han Chinese Banner companies , and 527 companies of Mongol and Manchu Banners were mobilized by the Qing during the revolt . 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eight years",
            "1680",
            "several decades",
            "1681"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731388f497a881900248c7d_s",
              "question": "When did the Qing Dynasty resume its rule over South China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1681",
                  "answer_start": 714
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Qing regain power over southern China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5848_s",
          "context": "The state seemed at relative calm compared to the rest of the country due to its close ties to the United States until 1841 . In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas . Supplies of weapons were sent to fully equip the military and took steps to improve efficiency at the presidios . Later : light cavalry , four squads of two brigades , and a small force of 14 men and 42 officials at the price of 160,603 pesos per year . During the beginning of the 1840s , private citizens took it upon themselves to stop the commercial caravans of supplies from the United States , but being so far away from the large suppliers in central Mexico the caravan was allowed to continue in March 1844 . Continuing to anticipate a war , the state legislature on July 11 , 1846 by decree enlisted 6,000 men to serve along the border ; during that time Ángel Trías quickly rose to power by portraying zealous anti-American rhetoric . Trías took the opportunity to dedicate important state resources to gain economic concessions from the people and loans from many municipalities in preparation to defend the state ; he used all the money he received to equip and organize a large volunteer militia . Ángel Trías took measures for state self-dependence in regards to state militia due to the diminishing financial support from the federal government .",
          "c_entity": [
            "border",
            "ángel trías"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570714959e06ca38007e93bd_s",
              "question": "Who has taken measures to promote self-reliance at the national level as a result of reduced federal financial support?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ángel Trías",
                  "answer_start": 947
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took measures to the state level for self-dependence due to diminishing financial support from the federal government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13752_s",
          "context": "On the morning of 11 September 2001 , 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California . Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners , they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met -- no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history . The hijackers . Both buildings collapsed within two hours from fire damage related to the crashes , destroying nearby buildings and damaging others . , after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane . No flights had survivors . A total of 2,977 victims and the 19 hijackers perished in the attacks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "capitol",
            "new york city",
            "county",
            "california",
            "washington",
            "white house",
            "arlington",
            "virginia",
            "d.c.",
            "pennsylvania",
            "u.s.",
            "shanksville",
            "hamburg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572843933acd2414000df805_s",
              "question": "Where did the 9 / 11 plane first go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "California",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the 9/11 planes originally going?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4756_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 2009 , however , Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff . Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday , 1 March 2009 , target of an assassination . Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vieira",
            "national assembly",
            "raimundo pereira",
            "malam bacai sanhá",
            "batista tagme na wai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd1047_s",
              "question": "Who was murdered on March 2?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vieira",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7185_s",
          "context": "Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of these devices during an air raid is suspected to have caused the Bethnal Green disaster in 1943. Facing the threat of Japanese Kamikaze attacks the British and US developed surface-to-air rockets like British Stooge or the American Lark as counter measures, but none of them were ready at the end of the war. The Germans missile research was the most advanced of the war as the Germans put considerable effort in the research and development of rocket systems for all purposes. Among them were several guided and unguided systems. Unguided systems involved the Fliegerfaust (literally \"aircraft fist\") as the first MANPADS. Guided systems were several sophisticated radio, wire, or radar guided missiles like the Wasserfall (\"waterfall\") rocket. Due to the severe war situation for Germany all of those systems were only produced in small numbers and most of them were only used by training or trial units.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1943"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d9bebdf2f5219002ed024_s",
              "question": "When did Bernal's green disaster happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1943",
                  "answer_start": 412
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Bethnal Green disaster occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16523_s",
          "context": ", receiving information from military intelligence organizations , and cooperating on field activities . The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA , and each branch of the service has its own Director . The Associate Director of military affairs , a senior military officer , manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands , who produce regional/operational intelligence and consume national intelligence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cia",
            "executive office",
            "executive director"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f4bcd04bcaa1900d76821_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the day-to-day operations of the CIA?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Executive Director",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5340_s",
          "context": "The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location.",
          "c_entity": [
            "william thomson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdca0319033b140034cd76_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first tide predictor in 1872?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir William Thomson",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13440_s",
          "context": "The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt . In response to the crisis of 2010 . , a collective guarantee of the member states ' solvency would be necessary . -LSB- b -RSB- But the German government has resisted this proposal , and other analyses indicate that `` the sickness of the euro '' is due to the linkage between sovereign debt and failing national banking systems . If the European central bank were to deal directly with failing banking systems sovereign debt would not look as leveraged relative to national income in the financially weaker member states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "european central bank",
            "us treasury"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728283a4b864d19001645fe_s",
              "question": "Who started to increase coverage of weaker debt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The European Central Bank",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16174_s",
          "context": "The thermionic triode , a vacuum tube invented in 1907 , enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony . The triode , however , was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power . , which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode . However , Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype . , even if such a device had been built . , German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1907",
            "1930s",
            "the 1920s",
            "1928",
            "1926",
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            "1925"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edbc103f9891900756a95_s",
              "question": "When was the thermionic triad invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1907",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the thermionic triode invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15371_s",
          "context": "Feynman traveled to Brazil, where he gave courses at the BCPF (Brazilian Center for Physics Research) and near the end of his life schemed to visit the Russian land of Tuva, a dream that, because of Cold War bureaucratic problems, never became reality. The day after he died, a letter arrived for him from the Soviet government, giving him authorization to travel to Tuva. Later Feynman's daughter Michelle would realize this journey. Out of his enthusiastic interest in reaching Tuva came the phrase \"Tuva or Bust\" (also the title of a book about his efforts to get there), which was tossed about frequently amongst his circle of friends in hope that they, one day, could see it firsthand. The documentary movie, Genghis Blues, mentions some of his attempts to communicate with Tuva and chronicles the successful journey there by his friends. Responding to Hubert Humphrey's congratulation for his Nobel Prize, Feynman admitted to a long admiration for the then vice president.",
          "c_entity": [
            "tuva"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e916a03f98919007567bc_s",
              "question": "Where does Feynman want to go instead of going in Russia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tuva",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which place in Russia could Feynman not visit, but wished to do so?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5853_s",
          "context": "Under threat from the conservative forces , Governor Terrazas was deposed . In response . Meanwhile , a younger brother of the Emperor of Austria . , which would go into effect in 1865 when his term expired , and last until 1867 . At the same time , the state liberals and conservatives compromised to allow the popular Ángel Trías take the governorship ; by this time the French forces had taken control over the central portions of the country and were making preparations to invade the northern states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jesús josé casavantes",
            "congress",
            "napoleon iii",
            "benito juárez",
            "josé maría patoni",
            "terrazas",
            "maximilian von habsburg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570716b490286e26004fc8e3_s",
              "question": "Who was deported under the threat of conservatives?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Governor Terrazas",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was deposed under threat from conservative forces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6012_s",
          "context": "Erik Erikson -LRB- 1902-1994 -RRB- became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity . The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity , known as the ego identity -LRB- sometimes identified simply as `` the self '' -RRB- ; the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next , known as the personal identity ; and the collection of social roles that a person might play , known as either the social identity or the cultural identity . Erikson 's work , in the psychodynamic tradition , aimed to investigate the process of identity formation across a lifespan . Progressive strength in the ego identity , for example , can be charted in terms of a series of stages in which identity is formed in response to increasingly sophisticated challenges . The process of forming a viable sense of identity for the culture is conceptualized as an adolescent task . On some readings of Erikson , the development of a strong ego identity , along with the proper integration into a stable society and culture , lead to a stronger sense of identity in general . Accordingly , p. 22 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cote & levine 2002",
            "erik erikson",
            "weinreich & saunderson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57097fbb200fba140036809b_s",
              "question": "Who was one of the first psychologists interested in identity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Erik Erikson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11633_s",
          "context": "The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics . Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos . , which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits , with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse . Galileo -LRB- `` Father of Modern Physics '' -RRB- also made use of experiments to validate physical theories , a key element of the scientific method .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicolaus copernicus",
            "johannes kepler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f92b4b864d19001640f9_s",
              "question": "Who makes the heliocentric model popular?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicolaus Copernicus",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the heliocentric model popular?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16878_s",
          "context": "In 118 BC . He was succeeded by two legitimate sons , and an illegitimate son . , however , turned on his brothers . , and initially Rome mediated a division of the country between the two brothers . Eventually , leading to a long and inconclusive war with Rome . He also bribed several Roman commanders , and at least two tribunes , before and during the war . His nemesis , Gaius Marius , a legate from a virtually unknown provincial family , returned from the war in Numidia and was elected consul in 107 BC over the objections of the aristocratic senators . Marius invaded Numidia and brought the war to a quick end . , and the brilliance of Marius , had been put on full display . The populares party took full advantage of this opportunity by allying itself with Marius .",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
            "jugurtha",
            "king micipsa",
            "gaius marius",
            "adherbal",
            "hiempsal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730124ca23a5019007fcd00_s",
              "question": "Who are juguta and his rivals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gaius Marius",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Jugurtha's rival?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": ", then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body , she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual . Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile , the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901 . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1882",
            "1901",
            "1959",
            "1935"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264e55f1498d1400e8dba1_s",
              "question": "When was Maoren cottage built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1901",
                  "answer_start": 504
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was an all-female masonic lodge created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18079_s",
          "context": "The craft has also been popular in early medieval Rus , inherited as part of the Byzantine tradition . , the Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus ' built a large cathedral in his capital , Kiev . It was built mainly by Byzantine master craftsmen , sent by Constantine Monomachos , between 1037 and 1046 . Naturally the more important surfaces in the interior were decorated with golden mosaics . Between the 12 windows of the drum were apostles and the four evangelists on the pendentives . The apse is dominated by an orant Theotokos with a Deesis in three medallions above . Below is a Communion of the Apostles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "constantine monomachos",
            "saint sophia cathedral",
            "pantokrator",
            "yaroslav"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318320497a881900248fa5_s",
              "question": "Who sent the Byzantine craftsmen to build Jaroslaw cathedral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Constantine Monomachos",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sent the Byzantine craftsmen that built Yaroslav's cathedral?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18483_s",
          "context": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in \"woe\" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of \"signs\". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as \"coming\" when referring to Christ—as \"presence\". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the \"second coming\" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans.",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1914"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324b00e99e3014001e6652_s",
              "question": "When did the witnesses of the Lord believe that Jesus Christ became king in the kingdom of God?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1914",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus Christ began his rule as a king in God's kingdom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7274_s",
          "context": "Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid . Here , General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King 's disposition . The king abolished the Constitution of 1812 . , but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "three years",
            "17 april",
            "1812",
            "six years",
            "1814",
            "1820",
            "1823",
            "10 may"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d7049b3d812140066d93e_s",
              "question": "When was the constitution repealed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1812",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Constitution abolished?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6453_s",
          "context": ", the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology . This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth , however . , the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities , but progress proved disappointing . In 1994 , the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach that has provided controllers with advanced equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-1970s",
            "the following year",
            "1981",
            "1978",
            "1994"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa95a6d058f190018303d_s",
              "question": "When does FAA begin to gradually provide more advanced equipment to air traffic controllers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4425_s",
          "context": "Tito visited India from December 22 , 1954 through January 8 , 1955 . After his return .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
            "yugoslavia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f171aef2371900625c9f_s",
              "question": "Where did Tito go from 1954 to 1955?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "India",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-213_s",
          "context": ", penicillin G , in 1942 , but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945 . Later . The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945 . Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans . Furthermore , its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus , unlike the synthetic sulfonamides . The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented , and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety . For their successful development of penicillin , as a therapeutic drug .",
          "c_entity": [
            "howard florey",
            "ernst chain",
            "dorothy crowfoot hodgkin",
            "dubos",
            "fleming",
            "norman heatley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d5f24776f41900661318_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-79_s",
          "context": "On December 13 , 2013 . The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart . This made her the first woman in the chart 's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one . , selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days , unexpected release as significant . Musically an electro-R & B album , it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work , such as `` bulimia , postnatal depression -LSB- and -RSB- the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood '' . The single `` Drunk in Love '' , featuring Jay Z , peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . In April 2014 , after much speculation in the weeks before . It served as the couple 's first co-headlining stadium tour together . On August 24 , 2014 , she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards . : Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for `` Pretty Hurts '' , as well as best collaboration for `` Drunk in Love '' . In November -- earning $ 115 million in the year , more than double her earnings in 2013 . : as an extended play , a box set , as well as a full platinum edition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york times",
            "jay z",
            "forbes",
            "beyoncé",
            "knowles"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfa5b3a10cfb14005511f9_s",
              "question": "Who joined Beyonce's tour?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jay Z",
                  "answer_start": 540
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who joined Beyonce on her On The Run Tour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18732_s",
          "context": "The terms international policing , transnational policing , 1993 -RRB- , -LRB- Sheptycki . These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that , in some sense , transcend national borders . This includes a variety of practices , but international police cooperation , criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states , and police development-aid to weak , failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1990s",
            "1995",
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b2a0328d981900602011_s",
              "question": "When did neelman write about police work around the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nadelmann write about global policing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10525_s",
          "context": ", one of the oldest universities in the United States , is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds , alumni , and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture . For example , Owen Johnson 's novel , the model for all later juvenile sports fiction , plays football , baseball , crew . The narrator .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dink stover",
            "yale university",
            "frank merriwell",
            "yale news",
            "owen johnson",
            "f. scott fitzgerald",
            "nick carraway",
            "tom buchanan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f9485951b619008f83df_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the novel \"stover\" at Yale?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Owen Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the novel Stover at Yale?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8258_s",
          "context": "On 11 March 1978 , a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre . Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River . Most PLO fighters withdrew , but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over . The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel . , the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border . Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground .",
          "c_entity": [
            "11 march 1978",
            "the next few years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bbb338643c19005acc0b_s",
              "question": "When did the coastal road massacre happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 March 1978",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-273_s",
          "context": ". , yet Mozartian , piano technique . He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook . , and others . Less direct in the earlier period are the influences of Polish folk music and of Italian opera . Much of what became his typical style of ornamentation -LRB- for example , his fioriture -RRB- is taken from singing . His melodic lines were increasingly reminiscent of the modes and features of the music of his native country , such as drones .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ignaz moscheles",
            "haydn",
            "clementi",
            "bach",
            "hummel",
            "friedrich kalkbrenner",
            "beethoven",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d38d6559d6e41400146750_s",
              "question": "Who told Chopin that the two most important composers were influenced by his own music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bach and Mozart",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4446_s",
          "context": "His best known wife was Jovanka Broz . Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday , while she was 27 , when they finally married in April 1952 . At that time , she was in her early 20s and Tito , objecting to her energetic personality . Not one to be discouraged easily , Jovanka continued working at Beli Dvor . Since Jovanka was the only female companion he married while in power , she also went down in history as Yugoslavia 's first lady . Their relationship was not a happy one , however . It had gone through many , often public , ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'état by the latter pair . Certain unofficial reports suggest Tito and Jovanka even formally divorced in the late 1970s , shortly before his death . However , during Tito 's funeral she was officially present as his wife , and later claimed rights for inheritance . The couple did not have any children .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tito",
            "aleksandar ranković",
            "zinka kunc",
            "jovanka broz",
            "ivan krajacic"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82ae4a6d7ea1400e1744d_s",
              "question": "Who is Tito's most famous wife?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jovanka Broz",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Tito's best known wife?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16855_s",
          "context": "In 179 BC Philip died . His talented and ambitious son , Perseus , took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece . With her Greek allies facing a major new threat , Rome declared war on Macedonia again , starting the Third Macedonian War . Perseus initially had some success against the Romans . However , Rome responded by sending a stronger army . This second consular army decisively defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC and the Macedonians duly capitulated , ending the war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "philip",
            "perseus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572feac7a23a5019007fcb36_s",
              "question": "Who was next in line when Philip died?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Perseus",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was next in line to the throne at the time of Philip's death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18060_s",
          "context": ". The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina , elongated angels . The Greek inscriptions , decorative patterns , and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina . , was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel , the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia , the founder of the church .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martorana",
            "roger ii",
            "christ",
            "georgios"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316b0de6313a140071cf13_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of the Church of matolana?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georgios of Antiochia",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Martorana church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-909_s",
          "context": "Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association 's annual meeting in 1993 . The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science . Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built , specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985",
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e0d64776f419006613fd_s",
              "question": "When did the branch of robot anthropology come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8895_s",
          "context": "After losing an extra-inning game in Game 1 . -- 0 lead into the 8th inning and it was at this point when a now-infamous incident took place . Several spectators attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Luis Castillo . , of Northbrook , Illinois . , and after the game stated that he would have caught the ball . , saying he would not have been able to make the play . Interference was not called on the play , as the ball was ruled to be on the spectator side of the wall . Castillo was eventually walked by Prior . Two batters later , and to the chagrin of the packed stadium , loading the bases and leading to eight Florida runs and a Marlin victory . , and failed to reach the World Series .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kerry wood",
            "luis castillo",
            "moisés alou",
            "mark prior",
            "alex gonzalez",
            "steve bartman",
            "chicago cubs",
            "wild card florida marlins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572672e5dd62a815002e8534_s",
              "question": "Who played the ball that several spectators wanted to catch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luis Castillo",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who hit the foul ball that several spectators attempted to catch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9805_s",
          "context": "The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions : universities and polytechnics -LRB- Fachhochschule -RRB- . The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia 's four universities and offers nearly every discipline . The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students , which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics . The University of Erfurt . The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia 's smallest university , specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts . It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany 's leading art school during the inter-war period , the Bauhaus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1860",
            "1894",
            "1392",
            "today",
            "1558"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268eb85951b619008f768b_s",
              "question": "When was Weimar Bauhaus University founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1860",
                  "answer_start": 611
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4257_s",
          "context": "Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.",
          "c_entity": [
            "west quay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f86358aef2371900626039_s",
              "question": "Where does Southampton have a special bathing pool?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "West Quay",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18456_s",
          "context": "During Soviet rule , Armenian athletes rose to prominence winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions . The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan , who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki . In football .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573245c9e99e3014001e6618_s",
              "question": "Who won Armenia's first Olympic medal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hrant Shahinyan",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won Armenia's first Olympic medal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15457_s",
          "context": "Following the death in 1473 of James II , the last Lusignan king , the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island , while the late king 's Venetian widow , Queen Catherine Cornaro , reigned as figurehead . , following the abdication of Catherine . The Venetians fortified Nicosia by building the Venetian Walls , and used it as an important commercial hub . Throughout Venetian rule , the Ottoman Empire frequently raided Cyprus . , the Venetians also fortified Famagusta and Kyrenia .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572e7f8003f98919007566db_s",
              "question": "When did James II die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1473",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did James II die?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16082_s",
          "context": "It 's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon . In many of these verses the study of nature is `` encouraged and highly recommended , '' and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran . Mohammad Hashim Kamali has the stated that `` scientific observation , experimental knowledge and rationality '' are the primary tools with which humanity can achieve the goals laid out for it in the Quran . , by highlighting the repeated calls of the Quran to observe and reflect upon natural phenomenon . `` The ` scientific method , ' as it is understood today , along with numerous other Muslim scientists .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14ba_s",
              "question": "Who recommends science as a way to achieve the goals of the Koran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohammad Hashim Kamali",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recommended science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15389_s",
          "context": "Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building , Gaddafi dominated the RCC , although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses . Gaddafi remained the government 's public face , with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970 . All young men from -LRB- typically rural -RRB- working and middle-class backgrounds , none had university degrees ; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When were the members of the RCC announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 January 1970",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date were the members of the RCC announced?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11879_s",
          "context": ", one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final -LRB- in 2007 -RRB- . For the first decade of the competition . , semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England ; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final , chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel . , between 1991 and 2000 -LRB- the last held there -RRB- . In 2005 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572783c7f1498d1400e8fa62_s",
              "question": "Where was the semi-final held before?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the semi finals take place before then? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16486_s",
          "context": "Santa Monica is featured in the video games True Crime , Vampire : The Masquerade - Santa Maria Beach , Destroy All Humans ! , Grand Theft Auto V -LRB- 2013 -RRB- as a fictional district -- Del Perro , Call of Duty : Ghosts -LRB- 2013 -RRB- as a fictional U.S. military base -- Fort Santa Monica",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57303a4904bcaa1900d773da_s",
              "question": "When did the car theft end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Grand theft Auto V was released in what year?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10323_s",
          "context": "The editor , with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley -LRB- 1972 -- 75 -RRB- was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative . An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period . Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s -- the so-called `` Spanish practices '' of the print unions -- The Sun was very profitable .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726808c708984140094c833_s",
              "question": "Who temporarily replaced Larry lamb?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bernard Shrimsley",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9899_s",
          "context": "In 1919 , the frustrations caused by delays to Irish home rule led members of Sinn Féin , to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin , at which Irish independence was declared . The Irish Republican Army simultaneously began a guerrilla war against the British administration . , creating the Irish Free State , a Dominion within the British Empire , with effective internal independence but still constitutionally linked with the British Crown . Northern Ireland , immediately exercised its option under the treaty to retain its existing status within the United Kingdom .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did Ireland set up its own conference?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Ireland establish their own assembly?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18473_s",
          "context": "The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972 , with appointments made from headquarters -LRB- and later , also by branch committees -RRB- . It was announced that , appointments would be made by traveling overseers . , the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished , with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body . , both members of the Governing Body , not a member of the Governing Body .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324509e17f3d14004227a9_s",
              "question": "When was the office of the witness conference restored?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the offices of restored to the Witness congregations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4158_s",
          "context": "The dates are generalizations , since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary , to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice `` era '' comprising baroque , classical , and romantic `` periods '' . For example , the use of counterpoint and fugue , which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era -LRB- or period -RRB- , who is classified as typical of the Classical era . Beethoven , who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era , who is classified as Romantic , also used counterpoint and fugue , but other characteristics of their music define their era .",
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            {
              "id": "56f732a2711bf01900a44a5c_s",
              "question": "Who is called the founder of romance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beethoven",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-227_s",
          "context": ", where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year . , studying music theory , figured bass and composition . -LSB- n 3 -RSB- Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw . He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ , the `` eolomelodicon '' . , who was visiting Warsaw ; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring . At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825 , Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1 . This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press .",
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              "question": "Who taught Chopin to play the organ?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Wilhelm Würfel",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16501_s",
          "context": ". North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop . Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location . Renovations are still ongoing ; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company , the University 's on-campus food provider , completed during spring semester 2007 , operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010 .",
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              "id": "572fb0d1947a6a140053cb8e_s",
              "question": "Who is the food supplier on the campus of Washington University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bon Appétit Management Company",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who is Washington University's food provider on campus?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10623_s",
          "context": "Expansive interior light has been a feature of Gothic cathedrals since the first structure was opened. The metaphysics of light in the Middle Ages led to clerical belief in its divinity and the importance of its display in holy settings. Much of this belief was based on the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, a sixth-century mystic whose book, The Celestial Hierarchy, was popular among monks in France. Pseudo-Dionysius held that all light, even light reflected from metals or streamed through windows, was divine. To promote such faith, the abbot in charge of the Saint-Denis church on the north edge of Paris, the Abbot Suger, encouraged architects remodeling the building to make the interior as bright as possible.",
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              "question": "Who believes that all light, including reflected light from walls and surfaces, is sacred?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pseudo-Dionysius",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who held the belief that all light, including light reflected from walls and surfaces was divine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-270_s",
          "context": "; Chopin 's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played . The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély . The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery . , Franchomme . At the graveside , the Funeral March from Chopin 's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played .",
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              "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146704_s",
              "question": "Who is the organizer of Chopin's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Lefébure-Wély",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the organist for Chopin's funeral?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7078_s",
          "context": ", with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household : the Chancery kept written records and communications ; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively ; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice around the kingdom . , this trend towards improved record keeping continued into his reign . Like previous kings , dealing with both local and national matters as he went . , but by the 13th century the volume of administrative work had greatly increased , which put much more pressure on a king who wished to rule in this style . , which made his rule more personal than that of previous kings , particularly in previously ignored areas such as the north .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of income and expenditure?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Treasury and the Exchequer",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who dealt with income and expenditure?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4410_s",
          "context": "On 7 March 1945 , the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia -LRB- Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija , DFY -RRB- was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito , while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy . This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile , among others Ivan Šubašić . In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile , post-war elections were held to determine the form of government . In November 1945 , Tito 's pro-republican People 's Front , led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia , won the elections with an overwhelming majority , the vote having been boycotted by monarchists . During the period . The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation , while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance , and the common Yugoslav goal . After the overwhelming electoral victory , Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY . , SFRY -RRB- . On 29 November 1945 , King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly . The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards .",
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              "id": "56f72d2e3d8e2e1400e373d2_s",
              "question": "Where is the interim government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Yugoslavia meeting?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Belgrade",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": "In 1957 , she made a state visit to the United States , where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth . On the same tour , she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament , becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session . , solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada , she revisited the United States and toured Canada . , she toured Cyprus , India , Pakistan , Nepal , and Iran . , she dismissed fears for her safety , even though her host , President Kwame Nkrumah , who had replaced her as head of state , was a target for assassins . Harold Macmillan wrote , `` The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed ` the heart and stomach of a man ' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen . '' , the press reported that extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth 's assassination . No attempt was made , but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal ; the Queen 's `` calmness and courage in the face of the violence '' was noted .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570fa56680d9841400ab35f9_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth address the UN General Assembly?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1957",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth address the UN General Assembly?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14401_s",
          "context": "Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era . -- 1598 -RRB- . In a handbook he addressed to `` all samurai , regardless of rank '' he told his followers that a warrior 's only duty in life was to '' ... grasp the long and the short swords and to die '' . He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics , especially those related to loyalty and filial piety . He is best known for his quote : `` If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily , it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death . Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one 's mind well . ''",
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              "question": "When did Japan stop conquering Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1598",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Japan finish invading Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8994_s",
          "context": "Soon after the war began . When authorized . , led by General Edward Almond , Commander , consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division . By 15 September : military intelligence , psychological warfare , guerrilla reconnaissance , and protracted bombardment facilitated a relatively light battle . However , the bombardment destroyed most of the city of Incheon .",
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              "question": "Who coordinated the efforts of the Korean army, the Marine Corps and the US Army to make the fight a success?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "General Edward Almond",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coordinated the efforts of the ROK Army, Marine Corps and the US Army to stage a successful battle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15402_s",
          "context": "On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of \"poisonous\" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731799c497a881900248f55_s",
              "question": "When did Gaddafi announce the beginning of the \"people's revolution\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16 April 1973",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a \"Popular Revolution\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16039_s",
          "context": "In Homer 's Iliad , the names Danaans -LRB- or Danaoi : Δαναοί -RRB- and Argives -LRB- Argives : Αργείοι -RRB- are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans . The myth of Danaus , whose origin is Egypt , is a foundation legend of Argos . His daughters Danaides , were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom . This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled -LRB- Sisyphos -RRB- and the name can be derived from the PIE root * danu : `` river '' . There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin . Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen , one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III -LRB- 1187-1156 BCE -RRB- . The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans . These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim , the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash -LRB- or Weshesh -RRB- who may be Achaeans . Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da : - : `` flow , river '' , da : - nu : `` any moving liquid , drops '' , da : navo `` people living by the river , Skyth . , fem.Da : nu primordial goddess -RRB- , Egypt . Danuna '' . It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek . A country Danaja with a city Mukana -LRB- propaply , Thutmosis III -LRB- 1437 BC -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Where did Argos' story come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Egypt",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5151_s",
          "context": ", sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners . , which were part of the Berberi civilization . , and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "red sea",
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            "somalia",
            "zeila"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa01e88f12f31900630064_s",
              "question": "Where was Islam born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Arabian Peninsula",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what location was Islam born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14222_s",
          "context": "Immediately after the War The Saint-Germain-des-Pres quarter and the nearby Saint-Michel quarter became home to many small jazz clubs, mostly found in cellars because of a lack of space; these included the Caveau des Lorientais, the Club Saint-Germain, the Rose Rouge, the Vieux-Colombier, and the most famous, Le Tabou. They introduced Parisians to the music of Claude Luter, Boris Vian, Sydney Bechet Mezz Mezzrow, and Henri Salvador. Most of the clubs closed by the early 1960s, as musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll. ",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fb541d04691400778eef_s",
              "question": "When do most jazz clubs close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960s",
                  "answer_start": 475
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did most of the jazz clubs close down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11390_s",
          "context": ", with executive power exercised by the president . It is influenced by the Westminster System model -LSB- citation needed -RSB- in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature . The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive ; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms . In the March 28 , 2015 presidential election , defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jonathan",
            "federal republic",
            "muhammadu buhari"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dda25951b619008f808d_s",
              "question": "Who lost the presidential election in Niger in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Goodluck Jonathan",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lost the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8886_s",
          "context": "The team 's commitment to contend was complete when Green made a midseason deal on June 15 to shore up the starting rotation due to injuries to Rick Reuschel -LRB- 5 -- 5 -RRB- and Sanderson . Sutcliffe -LRB- 5 -- 5 with the Indians -RRB- immediately joined Sanderson -LRB- 8 -- 5 3.14 -RRB- , Eckersley -LRB- 10 -- 8 3.03 -RRB- , Steve Trout -LRB- 13 -- 7 3.41 -RRB- and Dick Ruthven -LRB- 6 -- 10 5.04 -RRB- in the starting rotation . Sutcliffe proceeded to go 16 -- 1 for Cubs and capture the Cy Young Award .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572669f2f1498d1400e8deee_s",
              "question": "When did green make a deal to promote rotation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 15",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12030_s",
          "context": ", a regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton . Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540 . , which he renamed Cuenca . His expedition built Fort San Juan and left a contingent of 30 men there , while Pardo traveled further , and built and garrisoned five other forts . He returned by a different route to Santa Elena on Parris Island , South Carolina , then a center of Spanish Florida . , natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior , including the one at Fort San Juan . Although the Spanish never returned to the interior , this effort marked the first European attempt at colonization of the interior of what became the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "winter",
            "the spring of 1568",
            "1986",
            "16th-century",
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            "1540"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278177708984140094df73_s",
              "question": "When did Hernando de Soto arrive at Jolla?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1540",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did hernando de Soto arrive in Joara?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6131_s",
          "context": "A microbrewery , or craft brewery , produces a limited amount of beer . The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority , though is usually around 15,000 barrels -LRB- 1.8 megalitres . A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment . The highest density of breweries in the world , most of them microbreweries , exists in the German Region of Franconia , especially in the district of Upper Franconia , which has about 200 breweries . The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria , Germany . The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040 , and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a30f74103511400d595b6_s",
              "question": "When was Benedikt Koerting Wiens Pan Blau Ray first licensed as a winery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1040",
                  "answer_start": 665
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9806_s",
          "context": ", Jena -LRB- 5,000 students -RRB- . In addition , there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students . Finally , there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field -LRB- Berufsakademie -RRB- at Eisenach -LRB- 600 students -RRB- and Gera -LRB- 700 students -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gotha",
            "nordhausen",
            "erfurt",
            "gera",
            "weimar",
            "thuringia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268f21dd62a815002e899a_s",
              "question": "Where is mayor Thuringia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gotha",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the civil service college of Thuringia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6902_s",
          "context": "There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the possibility of life on Europa. On 7 February 2008, a NASA team embarked on a mission to Lake Untersee, searching for extremophiles in its highly alkaline waters. If found, these resilient creatures could further bolster the argument for extraterrestrial life in extremely cold, methane-rich environments.",
          "c_entity": [
            "7 february 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e13df0b85d914000d7ca8_s",
              "question": "When did NASA explore the sea floor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "7 February 2008",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3340_s",
          "context": "Various LGBT publications serve the city 's large LGBT -LRB- lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender -RRB- community such as The Rainbow Times , the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine . Founded in 2006 , The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new",
            "england",
            "boston"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16dafcd28a01900c67914_s",
              "question": "Where is rainbow times headquarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boston",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2926_s",
          "context": "In the 1950s . The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland . , although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jack arnold",
            "universal-international",
            "douglas sirk",
            "william alland",
            "audie murphy",
            "john gavin",
            "tony curtis",
            "rock hudson",
            "ross hunter",
            "jeff chandler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1636ce3433e1400422e59_s",
              "question": "Who made monsters and science fiction movies for globegroup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Alland",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9427_s",
          "context": "Other popular sites for pop-artist performances include the 3,000-seat Teatro Metropolitan , the 15,000-seat Palacio de los Deportes , where popular international artists perform on a regular basis . The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe , in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city . There are numerous venues for smaller musical ensembles and solo performers . These include the Hard Rock Live , Foro Scotiabank . , the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center , and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arena ciudad de",
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            "lunario"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bdde708984140094cffb_s",
              "question": "Where is Cirque du Soleil in Mexico City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carpa Santa Fe",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Cirque du Soleil go in Mexico City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15515_s",
          "context": "In 1958 . , Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer , `` My dad 's still-camera was broken , so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father 's movie camera . He said yes , and I got an idea to do a Western . I made it and got my merit badge . That was how it all started . '' At age thirteen , while living in Phoenix , using a cast composed of other high school friends . That motivated him to make 15 more amateur 8 mm films. , at age sixteen , Spielberg wrote and directed his first independent film , which would later inspire Close Encounters . The film was made for $ 500 , most of which came from his father , which earned back its cost .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318c2ca5e9cc1400cdc029_s",
              "question": "When was Spielberg with the boy scouts?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg join the Boy Scouts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9880_s",
          "context": ", transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain . , the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia . , but there was no attempt to colonise it . , claimed the continent for Britain , and named it New South Wales . , Joseph Banks , Cook 's botanist on the voyage , presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement , and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail . The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold , mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria , making its capital Melbourne the richest city in the world and the largest city after London in the British Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266e705951b619008f7285_s",
              "question": "When did the first British prisoners fly to Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1787",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10719_s",
          "context": "In 1906 , precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm . Precipitation hardening alloys , such as certain alloys of aluminium , titanium , and copper , are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched -LRB- cooled quickly -RRB- , and then harden over time . After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium , copper , and magnesium , Wilm discovered that the alloy increased in hardness when left to age at room temperature . , duralumin was one of the first `` age hardening '' alloys to be used , and was soon followed by many others . Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight , these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry , including the construction of modern aircraft .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1919",
            "1906"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bf09f1498d1400e8e9fb_s",
              "question": "When was the accelerator alloy discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1906",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were precipitation hardening alloys discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5936_s",
          "context": "; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year . Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines ' largest airline hub . In early 2007 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chicago",
            "bush intercontinental",
            "intercontinental airport",
            "houston"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a83e04103511400d597e5_s",
              "question": "Where is the biggest hub of United Airlines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bush Intercontinental",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is United Airlines' largest air hub?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12187_s",
          "context": "In a new and effective tactic , the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia , which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia 's freight came from Azerbaijan . Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions . On September 25 , they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law , the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade . Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered . , Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad , wounding dozens .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 29",
            "october 4",
            "september 25"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572814fa3acd2414000df40a_s",
              "question": "When was the sovereign bill passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 25",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the sovereignty law passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18296_s",
          "context": "The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland. The Reformation in Scotland culminated ecclesiastically in the establishment of a church along Reformed lines, and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France. John Knox is regarded as the leader of the Scottish Reformation. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 repudiated the pope's authority by the Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560, forbade the celebration of the Mass and approved a Protestant Confession of Faith. It was made possible by a revolution against French hegemony under the regime of the regent Mary of Guise, who had governed Scotland in the name of her absent daughter.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1560"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cd690fdd8d15006c6553_s",
              "question": "When was religious reform in Scotland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1560",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Scottish Reformation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5222_s",
          "context": "In 376 , the Ostrogoths , fleeing from the Huns , received permission from Emperor Valens -LRB- r. 364 -- 378 -RRB- to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans . The settlement did not go smoothly , and when Roman officials mishandled the situation , the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder . -LSB- D -RSB- Valens , attempting to put down the disorder , was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378 . As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north , internal divisions within the empire , especially within the Christian Church , caused problems . In 400 , the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and , although briefly forced back from Italy , in 410 sacked the city of Rome . In 406 the Alans , Vandals . The Migration Period began , where various people , initially largely Germanic peoples , moved across Europe . , and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles , Saxons . In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire -- 453 -RRB- led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447 , and Italy in 452 . , when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart . These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "valens",
            "suevi",
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            "franks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c200_s",
              "question": "Who invited the Dongge to settle in the Roman Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Valens",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3276_s",
          "context": "In 1629 , the Massachusetts Bay Colony 's first governor , John Winthrop , led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement , a key founding document of the city . Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history . , the city participated in four French and Indian Wars , until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1629",
            "1635",
            "the mid 18th century",
            "the next 130 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11b94cd28a01900c675cd_s",
              "question": "When was the Cambridge agreement signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1629",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17936_s",
          "context": "Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the sixteenth century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573174bc05b4da19006bd1c1_s",
              "question": "When will local scholars be taught to use Latin letters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the sixteenth century",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were indigenous scribes taught to use Latin letters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5450_s",
          "context": "By the 1900s , nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States . In its stead , the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms . After the African-American Civil rights movement , the terms colored and negro gave way to `` black '' . Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive . This term was accepted as normal , including by people classified as Negroes , until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s . One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King , Jr. of his own race as `` Negro '' in his famous speech of 1963 , I Have a Dream . During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s , some African-American leaders in the United States , objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery , segregation , and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens , or worse . , but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martin luther king",
            "malcolm x"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706fb6190286e26004fc79f_s",
              "question": "Who led the civil rights movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Reverend Martin Luther King",
                  "answer_start": 591
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Civil Rights movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18338_s",
          "context": "Politically , Calvin favoured a mixture of aristocracy and democracy . He appreciated the advantages of democracy : `` It is an invaluable gift , if God allows a people to freely elect its own authorities and overlords . '' Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up against God . To further protect the rights of ordinary people , Calvin suggested separating political powers in a system of checks and balances -LRB- separation of powers -RRB- . Thus he and his followers resisted political absolutism and paved the way for the rise of modern democracy . Besides England , the Netherlands were , under Calvinist leadership , the freest country in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . Hugo Grotius was able to teach his natural-law theory and a relatively liberal interpretation of the Bible .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baruch spinoza",
            "hugo grotius",
            "pierre bayle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573255dfb9d445190005ea4e_s",
              "question": "Who is allowed to teach free Bible distribution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hugo Grotius",
                  "answer_start": 761
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was allowed to teach a liberal Bible interpretation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11495_s",
          "context": "When it turned out that there would not be enough uranium-235 to make more than one bomb . Implosion was the only method that could be used with the plutonium-239 that was available from the Hanford Site . He established the design of the explosive lenses required , but there remained concerns about `` edge effects '' and imperfections in the explosives . His calculations showed that implosion would work if it did not depart by more than 5 % from spherical symmetry . After a series of failed attempts with models , this was achieved by George Kistiakowsky , and the construction of the Trinity bomb was completed in July 1945 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "von neumann",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283cc13acd2414000df789_s",
              "question": "Who made the Trinity bomb?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Kistiakowsky",
                  "answer_start": 541
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who constructed Trinity bomb?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15247_s",
          "context": ", music writers for Sounds first used the terms `` New Musick '' and `` post punk '' to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire , who began experimenting with sounds , lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries . Writer Jon Savage described some of these early developments as exploring `` harsh urban scrapings -LSB- , -RSB- controlled white noise '' and `` massively accented drumming '' . In January 1978 , singer John Lydon -LRB- then known as Johnny Rotten -RRB- announced the break-up of his pioneering punk band the Sex Pistols , citing his disillusionment with punk 's musical predictability and cooption by commercial interests , as well as his desire to explore more diverse interests .",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 1978",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e83e003f9891900756704_s",
              "question": "When did the sex pistol end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1978",
                  "answer_start": 458
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Sex Pistols break up?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15784_s",
          "context": "Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections . It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime -LRB- next to orange -RRB- , when green is the most visible color . Red also stands out more clearly against a cool natural backdrop of blue sky , green trees or gray buildings . But it was mostly chosen as the color for stoplights and stop signs because of its universal association with danger and warning .",
          "c_entity": [
            "twilight",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314cbca5e9cc1400cdbe2f_s",
              "question": "When is red the brightest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "daytime",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what time is red at its brightest?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7256_s",
          "context": ", and on 26 -- 28 June . He failed to take the city in two assaults and retreated to Madrid . Marshal Suchet began a long siege of the city in October 1811 , and after intense bombardment forced it to surrender on 8 January 1812 . After the capitulation , the French instituted reforms in Valencia , which became the capital of Spain when the Bonapartist pretender to the throne . The disaster of the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813 obliged Suchet to quit Valencia , and the French troops withdrew in July .",
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            {
              "id": "570d5673b3d812140066d6f7_s",
              "question": "Who led the successful attack on Valencia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Suchet",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
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              "original_question": "Who led the successful attack against Valencia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2697_s",
          "context": "In 1929 , ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies , which , ultimately , transformed into one enterprise known as SME . In the depths of the Great Depression .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df12bcc65bf219000b3f2b_s",
              "question": "When was arc formed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1929",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did ARC form?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9889_s",
          "context": ". Britain formally acquired the colony , following the invasion of the Netherlands by France . , and pushed thousands of Boers , resentful of British rule , northwards to found their own -- mostly short-lived -- independent republics . In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British , who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities , including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations . Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan -- 77 -- 1902 -RRB- . In 1902 Britain occupied both republics -- 1902 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267897dd62a815002e8638_s",
              "question": "When did the second neighborhood war end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1902",
                  "answer_start": 553
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Second Boer War end?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15048_s",
          "context": "Over the years , the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times . The Mughal Empire continued to weaken , and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century , Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas . The Marathas , who were Hindus from the state of what is now Maharashtra , ruled Rajputana for most of the eighteenth century . The Maratha Empire , was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is marassas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the state of what is now Maharashtra",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
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              "original_question": "Where were the Marathas from?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13715_s",
          "context": "Accounts of the use of leeches for the medically dubious practise of blood-letting have come from China around 30 AD . In the 19th century medical demand for leeches was so high that some areas ' stocks were exhausted and other regions imposed restrictions or bans on exports , and Hirudo medicinalis is treated as an endangered species by both IUCN and CITES . More recently leeches have been used to assist in microsurgery , and their saliva has provided anti-inflammatory compounds and several important anticoagulants , one of which also prevents tumors from spreading .",
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              "question": "Where are leeches used to bleed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "China",
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              "original_question": "Where did leeches begin being used for blood-letting?"
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          "context": "At the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social structure was characterized both by syncretising with the native cultures of northern India, but also eventually by the excluding of indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure. During this period, many of the previous small tribal units and chiefdoms began to coalesce into monarchical, state-level polities.",
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            {
              "id": "572843dd2ca10214002da1ed_s",
              "question": "Where does Aryan culture spread?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "western Ganges plain",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Into what area did the Aryan culture expand?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": ", with `` Flash '' as the theme song , with `` A Kind of Magic '' , `` Who Wants to Live Forever '' , and the theme `` Princes of the Universe '' , which was also used as the theme of the Highlander TV series -LRB- 1992 . In the United States , `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne 's World . The single subsequently reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 -LRB- with `` The Show Must Go On '' as the first track on the single -RRB- and helped rekindle the band 's popularity in North America .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726dff0dd62a815002e938c_s",
              "question": "When was Bohemian Rhapsody reissued in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Bohemian Rhapsody re-released in the US?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14427_s",
          "context": "Created by Takashi Okazaki , or manga series , which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo . , 2010 -RRB- . The series was produced for American viewers which `` embodies the trend ... comparing hip-hop artists to samurai warriors , 2009 -RRB- . The storyline keeps in tone with the perception of a samurais finding vengeance against someone who has wronged him . , `` Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic , yet , still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father '' -LRB- King 2008 -RRB- . Due to its popularity . Not only has the samurai culture been adopted into animation and video games , it can also be seen in comic books .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572900303f37b31900477f51_s",
              "question": "Who created the African warrior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Takashi Okazaki",
                  "answer_start": 11
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created Afro Samurai?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-106_s",
          "context": "... . the result , the logical end point , of a century-plus of pop . '' , Llewyn-Smith wrote , `` Why Beyoncé ? -LSB- , with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- , not to mention her hits with Destiny 's Child -- particularly R&B singles -- regained their status as pop 's favourite medium . -LSB- . '' In 2013 , Beyoncé made the Time 100 list , Baz Luhrmann writing `` no one has that voice , no one moves the way she moves , no one can hold an audience the way she does ... When Beyoncé does an album , when Beyoncé sings a song , when Beyoncé does anything , it 's an event , and it 's broadly influential . , she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA -- the reigning national voice . '' , Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551307_s",
              "question": "When did Beyonce enter the top 100 for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyonce first make the Time 100 List?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10161_s",
          "context": "Political unification returned in the mid-16th century , due to the efforts of Taungoo , a former vassal state of Ava . -- Hanthawaddy War -LRB- 1534 -- 41 -RRB- . His successor Bayinnaung went on to conquer a vast swath of mainland Southeast Asia including the Shan states , Lan Na , Manipur , the Ayutthaya Kingdom . However , the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia unravelled soon after Bayinnaung 's death in 1581 , completely collapsing by 1599 . , and Portuguese mercenaries established Portuguese rule at Thanlyin -LRB- Syriam -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "tabinshwehti"
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            {
              "id": "57269ba4708984140094cb8d_s",
              "question": "Who is the ruler of the largest kingdom in Southeast Asia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bayinnaung",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the ruler of the largest kingdom in Southeast Asia ?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15246_s",
          "context": "During the initial punk era , a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels , including Rough Trade -LRB- founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis -RRB- and Factory -LRB- founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson -RRB- . By 1977 , groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks ' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572d3ee8b297151900c7ce8f_s",
              "question": "When was the distribution of music really popular?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15536_s",
          "context": ", a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident , and focusing on James B. Donovan 's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory . The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan , as well as Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan , and Alan Alda , with a script by the Coen brothers . , Berlin and Wroclaw , Poland -LRB- which doubled for East Berlin -RRB- . Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5731c386e17f3d14004223a1_s",
              "question": "When was the spy bridge built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'Bridge of Spies' set?"
            }
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ", Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation , which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide . Though Universal did produce occasional hits , and a big box-office success which restored the company 's fortunes . , MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations . However , CIC decided to merge UA 's international units with MGM and reformed as United International Pictures . , but the film business was financially unpredictable . UIP began distributing films by start-up studio DreamWorks in 1997 , due to connections the founders have with Paramount , Universal , and Amblin Entertainment . , MGM dropped out of the UIP venture .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did United International begin to release films for DreamWorks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 596
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did United International Pictures start distributing films for DreamWorks?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13107_s",
          "context": "The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île -LRB- Cardo , Decumanus . The outline of the Roman `` castrum '' is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile . , the road that led to Argentoratum , in the suburb of Kœnigshoffen . This was where the largest burial places were situated , as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp . , Strasbourg was the seat of the Bishopric of Strasbourg -LRB- made an Archbishopric in 1988 -RRB- . , considered to be the oldest church in Alsace . It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5727d1683acd2414000ded30_s",
              "question": "When did bishop Strasbourg become Archbishop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 496
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Bishopric of Strasbourg made an Archbishopric?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7616_s",
          "context": "In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57100918b654c5140001f77b_s",
              "question": "When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to hold a parliamentary election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1974",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election?"
            }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7483_s",
          "context": "The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment . Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery , while other poems were written directly about scientific topics . Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation . After Newton 's death in 1727 . , '' which mourned the loss of Newton , but also praised his science and legacy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ed0690dc6ce1900205108_s",
              "question": "When did Newton die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1727",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Newton's death?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6206_s",
          "context": ". As a result of a movement earlier in the decade , many politicians donated funds to establish the college . It was also supported by Prince Albert , who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a49376d058f1900182d38_s",
              "question": "Who is the first professor in the university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August Wilhelm von Hofmann",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first professor of the college?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9925_s",
          "context": "-- 1544 -RRB- authored a botanically and pharmacologically important herbal Historia Plantarum in 1544 and a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance , the Dispensatorium in 1546 . -- c. 1611 -RRB- published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants . -- 1605 -RRB- was considered the father of natural history , which included the study of plants . In 1665 , using an early microscope , Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells , a term he coined , in cork , and a short time later in living plant tissue .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57267c29708984140094c7a8_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word cell?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Hooke",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term cells?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9708_s",
          "context": ", Barcelona -RRB- , the band released The Miracle in 1989 . The album continued the direction of A Kind of Magic , using a pop-rock sound mixed with a few heavy numbers . It spawned the European hits `` I Want It All '' , `` Breakthru '' , `` The Invisible Man '' , `` Scandal '' , and `` The Miracle '' . The Miracle also began a change in direction of Queen 's songwriting philosophy . Since the band 's beginning , nearly all songs had been written by and credited to a single member , with other members adding minimally . With The Miracle , the band 's songwriting became more collaborative , and they vowed to credit the final product only to Queen as a group .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5726af65f1498d1400e8e737_s",
              "question": "When did the queen publish the miracle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Queen release The Miracle?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10030_s",
          "context": "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them . This would later raise Madonna 's interest in poetry . Later , Madonna commented : `` We were all wounded in one way or another by -LSB- her death -RSB- , and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else . The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something . If I had n't had that emptiness , I would n't have been so driven . Her death had a lot to do with me saying -- after I got over my heartache -- I 'm going to be really strong if I ca n't have my mother . I 'm going to take care of myself . '' , no doubt because of the devastation she felt , Madonna would never again allow herself , or even her daughter , to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died . `` Her death had taught -LSB- Madonna -RSB- a valuable lesson , that she would have to remain strong for herself because , she feared weakness -- particularly her own -- and wanted to be the queen of her own castle . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "sylvia plath",
            "anne sexton",
            "taraborrelli"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f6ce708984140094d72c_s",
              "question": "Who thinks mother's death is the motive force of her success?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt that her mother death was the driving force behind her success?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5921_s",
          "context": "In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of \"Best Places for Business and Careers\" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations. Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709c252200fba14003682b1_s",
              "question": "When was Houston the first business district in Texas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18869_s",
          "context": "Believers in Pashupatinath -LRB- mainly Hindus -RRB- are allowed to enter the temple premises . The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka . This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankaracharya who sought to unify the states of Bharatam -LRB- Unified India -RRB- by encouraging cultural exchange . This procedure is followed in other temples around India , which were sanctified by Adi Shankaracharya .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adi shankaracharya",
            "yaksha malla",
            "non-hindu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735bca5dc94161900571f7a_s",
              "question": "Who is said to have encouraged the use of Brahmin priests in the temple of pashpatinat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adi Shankaracharya",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who supposedly encouraged the usage of Karnataka Brahmin priests at Pashupatinath Temple?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-232_s",
          "context": ", Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin , and composed a set of variations , Souvenir de Paganini . It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études -- 32 -RRB- , exploring the capacities of his own instrument . , he made his debut in Vienna . He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews -- in addition to some commenting -LRB- in Chopin 's own words -RRB- that he was `` too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists '' . In one of these concerts , he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano , Op. 2 -LRB- variations on an aria from Mozart 's opera Don Giovanni -RRB- for piano and orchestra . , where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor , Op. 21 on 17 March 1830 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "17 march 1830",
            "september 1829",
            "11 august",
            "three weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbedde6d243a140015edf6_s",
              "question": "When was frco2233d233ric's first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 March 1830",
                  "answer_start": 768
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Frédéric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11810_s",
          "context": "The bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, was identified and described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection. Later, the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced by the invention of the pasteurization process. Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a \"remedy\" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it \"tuberculin\". While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis. The World Tuberculosis Day was established on 24 March for this reason.",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert koch"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c7343acd2414000dec23_s",
              "question": "Who found Mycobacterium tuberculosis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Koch",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered M. tuberculosis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10569_s",
          "context": ", the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics . Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement , as well as the student movement . , the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War . , many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city . During their time on the council , HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances , measures decriminalizing marijuana possession , and a rent-control ordinance ; many of these remain in effect in modified form . Alongside these liberal and left-wing efforts , a small group of conservative institutions were born in Ann Arbor . , a charismatic inter-denominational movement ; and the Thomas More Law Center -LRB- established in 1999 -RRB- , a religious-conservative advocacy group .",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 years",
            "1965",
            "1999",
            "mid-1970s",
            "1967",
            "the 1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273eadf1498d1400e8f518_s",
              "question": "When was Thomas Moore law center founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 903
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Thomas More Law center established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2415_s",
          "context": "Plymouth is an important centre for watersports , especially scuba diving and sailing . The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world , and has been held regularly since 1823 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nine days",
            "september 2011",
            "1823"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df785856340a1900b29bee_s",
              "question": "When was the first port of Plymouth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1823",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Port of Plymouth Regatta?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7439_s",
          "context": ". There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water . In 2012 , ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap which performs surface retention of solid or gas molecules , atoms or ions and also effectively removes toxic metals from water , according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
            "present",
            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e36e30dc6ce1900204e81_s",
              "question": "When was it announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was HiCap announced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16446_s",
          "context": "In the past , architects and men of letters from different parts of the world through patronage . The resulting ethnic mix popularised cultural events such as mushairas -LRB- poetic symposia -RRB- . , which are among the earliest available manuscripts in Urdu . , a book compiled in the 15th century at Qutb Shahi courts , contains erotic paintings with diagrams for secret medicines and stimulants in the eastern form of ancient sexual arts . The reign of the Nizams saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court , administration and education . In 1824 , named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa , authored by Mah Laqa Bai -- the first female Urdu poet to produce a Diwan -- was published in Hyderabad .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mah laqa bai",
            "urdu ghazal",
            "qutb shahi",
            "diwan",
            "lazzat un nisa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa631b2c2fd14005682a5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Gulzar mahlaka?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mah Laqa Bai",
                  "answer_start": 626
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8214_s",
          "context": ", when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . , and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923 . However , the position changed following the revolution . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1923",
            "1917",
            "1965",
            "the 1950s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265d965951b619008f70ab_s",
              "question": "When was the first Scottish Freemasonry founded in Iraq?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13340_s",
          "context": "During the first four days of the war , the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory . On 9 June , Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt 's citizens of their country 's defeat . He announced his resignation on television later that day , and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin , who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post . Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation , chanting , `` We are your soldiers ! '' Nasser retracted his decision the next day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gamal",
            "nasser",
            "zakaria mohieddin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282f18ff5b5019007d9ead_s",
              "question": "Who rejected Nasser's offer to become a new president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zakaria Mohieddin",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6192_s",
          "context": "The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold , and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency . The Federal Reserve , however , continued to increase the money supply , resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s . , and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign . Between 1965 and 1981 , the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value .",
          "c_entity": [
            "phillips",
            "federal reserve"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709cbff6d058f1900182baf_s",
              "question": "Who has the responsibility to protect the value of the dollar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal Reserve",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who's duty did it become to maintain the value of the U.S. currency?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": ", then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body . Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile , the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901 , only to cast it aside again in 1935 . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , in 1959 , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annie besant",
            "georges martin",
            "maria deraismes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572512df0a492a19004356e0_s",
              "question": "Who brought mixed messages to the Eucharist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Annie Besant",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8615_s",
          "context": "As the capital of Uruguay , Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country . Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city . , including two of Uruguay 's most important buildings -- the World Trade Center Montevideo -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the headquarters of Uruguay 's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL , increasing the city 's integration into the global marketplace .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1990s",
            "1998",
            "2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c4d8271a42140099d174_s",
              "question": "When was the Montevideo World Trade Center built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10022_s",
          "context": ". Robert M. Grant , author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . As a vocalist , musician , dancer , songwriter , or actress . '' , and that her personal relationships have served as cornerstones to the numerous reinventions in the longevity of her career . '' Her musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim . Grant concluded that `` having established herself as the queen of popular music , but continued re-inventing . '' . Her pieces explore various ways of constituting identities that refuse stability , that remain fluid , that resist definition . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert m. grant",
            "madonna",
            "susan mcclary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f140f1498d1400e8f09b_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of contemporary strategic analysis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert M. Grant",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the author of Contemporary Strategic Analysis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9482_s",
          "context": "For over a century , New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces , as in the French and Indian War . As the American Revolution approached , General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion . On 23 April 1775 , which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day , the Second Company , Governor 's Foot Guard , of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament . , they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge , Massachusetts . Contemporary reports , from both sides , remark on the New Haven volunteers ' professional military bearing , including uniforms .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george washington",
            "benedict arnold",
            "david wooster"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727423f708984140094db75_s",
              "question": "Who is the influential new haven general who wants to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution approaches?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General David Wooster",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8243_s",
          "context": "The first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine , known as the First Aliyah , began in 1881 , as Jews fled pogroms in Eastern Europe . Although the Zionist movement already existed in practice , Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl is credited with founding political Zionism , a movement which sought to establish a Jewish state in the Land of Israel , thus offering a solution to the so-called Jewish Question of the European states , in conformity with the goals and achievements of other national projects of the time . In 1896 , offering his vision of a future Jewish state .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "der judenstaat",
            "theodor herzl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b701ec44d21400f3d439_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of political Zionism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Theodor Herzl",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited as founding political Zionism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2949_s",
          "context": ", in 1863 , took his sons to see a unique automaton . The rudimentary `` mechanical man '' simulated a human voice . , published in German , and had laboriously translated it , he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head . Their father , highly interested in their project , offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a `` big prize '' if they were successful . While his brother constructed the throat and larynx . His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could `` speak '' , albeit only a few words . The boys would carefully adjust the `` lips '' and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe , a very recognizable `` Mama '' ensued , to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baron wolfgang von kempelen",
            "charles wheatstone",
            "bell",
            "melville"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4d_s",
              "question": "Who did bell use to build his own vending machine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Melville",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Bell built his own automaton with who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-575_s",
          "context": "Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance. On May 14, UNICEF reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 14"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d660e91c850414009470d4_s",
              "question": "When will China formally ask for international assistance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 14",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did China formally ask for help from the international community?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8331_s",
          "context": "While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b96289a1e219009abd78_s",
              "question": "Where was Polibius taken hostage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rome",
                  "answer_start": 533
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Polybius forced to go as hostage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11100_s",
          "context": "In 1896 . In 1897 , Christiaan Eijkman worked with natives of Java , who also suffered from beriberi . Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact . Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice , discovering that food can cure disease . Over two decades later , nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1 , also known as thiamine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eugen baumann",
            "christiaan eijkman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b4a9f1498d1400e8e82a_s",
              "question": "Who worked with the local people to solve their nutritional problems?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christiaan Eijkman",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who worked with the natives to help solve their dietary issues?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16392_s",
          "context": "The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants. That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda, and directly addresses Darwin's \"abominable mystery.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "darwin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572efc3503f9891900756b17_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word \"terrible secret\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Darwin",
                  "answer_start": 475
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term \"abominable mystery\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1494_s",
          "context": "Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event , explaining that she wished to express concern about China 's human rights record .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lin hatfield dodds",
            "stephen smith"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db6be6e7c41114004b50d1_s",
              "question": "Who retired from the torchbearer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lin Hatfield Dodds",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who withdrew from the torch event?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14732_s",
          "context": "The Crimean War -LRB- 1853 . The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854 . The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars . Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars , resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey . -LSB- page needed -RSB- Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers , totaling 1 -- 1.5 million deported or killed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "caucasus",
            "turkey",
            "ottoman empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a332b1d0469140077983f_s",
              "question": "Where did cherries go when they left their home in the Caucasus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Turkey",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Circassians settle to when leaving their homes in the Caucasus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14224_s",
          "context": "Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world 's global cities , with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment . French cinema comes a close second . European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated . On 2 February 2000 , Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe , in Paris .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dlp cinema",
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            "luc besson",
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            "claude zidi",
            "claude lelouch",
            "jean-luc godard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fc371d04691400778eff_s",
              "question": "Who implemented the first digital film project in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philippe Binant",
                  "answer_start": 292
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16673_s",
          "context": "In 1920 , Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east . The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920 . The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces , cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres , and to give up all the `` Wilsonian Armenia '' granted to it at the Sèvres treaty . Simultaneously , under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze , invaded Armenia at Karavansarai -LRB- present-day Ijevan -RRB- on 29 November . By 4 December , Ordzhonikidze 's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "grigoriy ordzhonikidze",
            "kazım karabekir",
            "eleventh army",
            "gyumri"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fae41a23a5019007fc87f_s",
              "question": "Who led the 11th army of the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze",
                  "answer_start": 447
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17145_s",
          "context": "By the 1500s , Ismail I from Ardabil , established the Safavid Dynasty , with Tabriz as the capital . Beginning with Azerbaijan , he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories , and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions , reasserting the Iranian identity within large parts of the Greater Iran . Iran was predominantly Sunni , but Ismail instigated a forced conversion to the Shia branch of Islam , by which the Shia Islam spread throughout the Safavid territories in the Caucasus , Iran , and Mesopotamia . As a result , thereof , the modern-day Iran is the only official Shia nation of the world , with it holding an absolute majority in Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan , having there the 1st and 2nd highest number of Shia inhabitants by population percentage in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ismail",
            "anatolia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730083f04bcaa1900d7703f_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Safavid dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ismail I from Ardabil",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the Safavid Dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8462_s",
          "context": "After four years on the sidelines , Austria sought another war with France to avenge its recent defeats . Austria could not count on Russian support because the latter was at war with Britain , Sweden , and the Ottoman Empire in 1809 . Frederick William of Prussia initially promised to help the Austrians , but reneged before conflict began . A report from the Austrian finance minister suggested that the treasury would run out of money by the middle of 1809 if the large army that the Austrians had formed since the Third Coalition remained mobilized . , a stance that landed him in the so-called `` peace party , '' he did not want to see the army demobilized either . On 8 February 1809 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "imperial government",
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            "frederick william",
            "charles"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a5335951b619008f78d5_s",
              "question": "Who was the ruler of Prussia, who initially claimed to help Austria fight France, but later refused?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick William",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Prussian ruler who at first  claimed he would help Austria in its battle with France, but later refused to?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2332_s",
          "context": ", Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland -LRB- later Barbara Outland Baker -RRB- . : `` Basically it came down to this : she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary , solid life , and I was not a well-balanced man , and hated the very idea of ordinary life . '' Baker has described Schwarzenegger as '' -LSB- a -RSB- joyful personality , totally charismatic , adventurous , and athletic '' but claims towards the end of the relationship he became `` insufferable -- classically conceited -- the world revolved around him '' . Baker published her memoir in 2006 , entitled Arnold and Me : In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak . Although Baker , at times , painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover , Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword . Baker claims , for example , that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split , and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life . Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ . -- their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television . , and having little money , or have barbecues in the back yard . Although Baker claims that when she first met him , he had `` little understanding of polite society '' and she found him a turn-off , she says , `` He 's as much a self-made man as it 's possible to be -- he never got encouragement from his parents , his family , his brother . He just had this huge determination to prove himself , and that was very attractive ... I 'll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ded3dac65bf219000b3d5b_s",
              "question": "When did Schwarzenegger's ex girlfriend Barbara Holland Baker publish her memoirs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 561
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Schwarzenegger's former girlfriend Barbara Outland Baker publish her memoir?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12834_s",
          "context": "The existence of the early state of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China . It was , however , referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou . Accounts of Shu exist mainly as a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends recorded in local annals such as the Chronicles of Huayang compiled in the Jin dynasty -LRB- 265 -- 420 -RRB- , with folk stories such as that of Emperor Duyu -LRB- 杜宇 -RRB- who taught the people agriculture and transformed himself into a cuckoo after his death . , Sichuan . This site , believed to be an ancient city of Shu , was initially discovered by a local farmer in 1929 who found jade and stone artefacts . , gold , earthenware , and stone . This and other discoveries in Sichuan contest the conventional historiography that the local culture and technology of Sichuan were undeveloped in comparison to the technologically and culturally `` advanced '' Yellow River valley of north-central China .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1929",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ae5f4b864d1900163a3a_s",
              "question": "When was this place discovered by Shu people? Who discovered it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a local farmer in 1929",
                  "answer_start": 628
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the site believed to be ancient city of Shu discovered, and by whom?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8032_s",
          "context": "The figure of the \"tragic octoroon\" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's \"The Quadroons\" (1842), a short story. This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier. The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571e05c9b64a571400c71e69_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to use tragic October?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lydia Maria Child",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8467_s",
          "context": "The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory . Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal , and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers . Nevertheless , while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm , France received Carinthia , Carniola , and the Adriatic ports , while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians . Austria lost over three million subjects , about one-fifth of her total population , as a result of these territorial changes . Although fighting in Iberia continued .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next three years",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ae81708984140094cdbd_s",
              "question": "When was the Middle East cooperation agreement signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1809",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Schönbrunn signed?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16295_s",
          "context": "Washington , D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood . In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers , James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the `` seat of government '' found in the United States Constitution . Although he noted potential conflicts of interest , and the need for a `` municipal legislature for local purposes , '' Madison did not address the district 's role in national voting . , due to its status as the seat of government of the United States , which Article I ; depending on the interpretation of this text , admission of the full District as a state may require a Constitutional amendment , which is much more difficult to enact . However , the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District . Its size has already changed once before , when Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac . So the constitutional requirement for a federal district can be satisfied by reducing its size to the small central core of government buildings and monuments , giving the rest of the territory to the new state .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573047ca947a6a140053d396_s",
              "question": "Who has considered defining government seats in the Constitution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Madison",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who considered the implications of the definition of the seat of government in the Constitution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15259_s",
          "context": "Until recently , in most critical writing the post-punk era was `` often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk 's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties '' . Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary , asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own . Simon Reynolds described the period as `` a fair match for the sixties in terms of the sheer amount of great music created , the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it , and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era '' . , open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves , united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral , concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience , or making them think , as in making a pop song '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "simon reynolds",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f80b8947a6a140053c9d4_s",
              "question": "Who says that post punk sports competed on the screen of great music in the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Reynolds",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that the post-punk movement rivaled the Sixties in the shear amount of great music produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16297_s",
          "context": "This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party , a political party ; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party . , when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment . , local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state . , voters ratified the constitution of the state , which was to be called New Columbia . The drive for statehood stalled in 1985 , however , when the Washington .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two years later in 1980",
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            {
              "id": "57304ae58ab72b1400f9c3f8_s",
              "question": "When did the desire to build a country fail?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the drive for statehood falter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1314_s",
          "context": "Season ten of the series premiered on January 19 , 2011 . Many changes were introduced this season , from the format to the personnel of the show . Jimmy Iovine , the new partner of American Idol , acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "kara dioguardi",
            "interscope geffen a&m",
            "ellen degeneres",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db27dfe7c41114004b4e49_s",
              "question": "Who is the janitor this season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jimmy Iovine",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the in-house mentor this season?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12659_s",
          "context": "In Brazil , headed by Deodoro da Fonseca . Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa , Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree , but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution since 1891 , although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles . , for example , granted the federal government the authority to appoint State Governors -LRB- called interventors -RRB- at will , thus centralizing power in the hands of President Getúlio Vargas . Brazil also uses the Fonseca system to regulate interstate trade . Brazil is one of the biggest federal governments .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282bf93acd2414000df62b_s",
              "question": "When is federalism in Brazil?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1891",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Brazil adopt federalism? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9592_s",
          "context": ", ribbons , sheets , mattresses , buttons , umbrellas and other assorted goods . It originally had four departments , twelve employees , and a floor space of three hundred meters . The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852 , and changed the marketing plan , instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds , advertising , and a much wider variety of merchandise . The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860 . In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank , and enlarged the store again in 1872 , creator of the Eiffel Tower . The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut 's death in 1877 . The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand , and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879 . Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations ; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped ; extensive newspaper advertising ; entertainment for children ; and six million catalogs sent out to customers . By 1880 half the employees were women ; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264da2dd62a815002e8107_s",
              "question": "Who became a partner in the store in 1852 and dramatically changed the business?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aristide Boucicaut",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11388_s",
          "context": "Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dbeadd62a815002e92ef_s",
              "question": "Who won the Nigeria election in 1999?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Olusegun Obasanjo",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the 1999 Nigerian election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2355_s",
          "context": ", further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth , was also an early trading port , but the river silted up in the early 11th century and forced the mariners and merchants to settle at the current day Barbican near the river mouth . At the time this village was called Sutton , meaning south town in Old English . , meaning `` mouth of the River Plym '' was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211 . The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de68a54396321400ee28a0_s",
              "question": "Who ruled Plymouth, the former city of Sutton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Henry VI",
                  "answer_start": 471
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During whose reign was the former town of Sutton referred to as Plymouth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5910_s",
          "context": "To begin with , England had no permanent home stadium . Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground . The relationship between England and FIFA became strained . As a result , in which they were beaten in a 1 -- 0 defeat by the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709867ced30961900e8427e_s",
              "question": "When did Wembley open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Wembley Stadium open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15530_s",
          "context": ", Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds -LRB- a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks -RRB- , based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name -LRB- Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film -RRB- . It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning , and , Industrial Light & Magic -LRB- ILM -RRB- provided the visual effects . Unlike E.T. and Close Encounters of the Third Kind , which depicted friendly alien visitors , War of the Worlds featured violent invaders . The film was another huge box office smash , grossing over $ 591 million worldwide .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731944605b4da19006bd2f0_s",
              "question": "When was the first movie \"World War\" published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first 'War of the Worlds' movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8250_s",
          "context": ". Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation , but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries , particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe , where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult . Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953 . , many of whom faced persecution in their original countries . The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1953",
            "1940s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b95a38643c19005acbdd_s",
              "question": "When did Mossad lilier's bet break up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 397
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Mossad LeAliyah Bet disband?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16867_s",
          "context": "However , civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian , Lepidus and Mark Antony failed . The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony . At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece , Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra . Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole `` imperium '' within the city of Rome , permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory . In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names `` Augustus '' and `` Princeps '' , indicating his primary status above all other Romans , and he adopted the title `` Imperator Caesar '' making him the first Roman Emperor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2b_s",
              "question": "When was Octavian first allowed to use the names of Augustus and the prince?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 BC",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Octavian first allowed to use the names Augustus and Princeps?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10778_s",
          "context": ". , describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham , as `` the sole affair I have much heart in '' . Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there , as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris . Dundas did not follow Burke 's advice , however .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b119708984140094ce00_s",
              "question": "Where does Burke think ravendi will hold the parade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3141_s",
          "context": "SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars.",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 2011"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f3_s",
              "question": "When was the first fiberglass network installed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2011",
                  "answer_start": 147
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first fibre-optic network installed?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1546_s",
          "context": "Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolmasters, but that his grandfather was the more extraordinary man. Whitehead's mother was Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster. Whitehead was apparently not particularly close with his mother, as he never mentioned her in any of his writings, and there is evidence that Whitehead's wife, Evelyn, had a low opinion of her.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57331bdad058e614000b5705_s",
              "question": "When was Whitehead born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Whitehead born?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17073_s",
          "context": "San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires . In October 2003 , San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire . The fire burned 280,000 acres -LRB- 1,100 km2 -RRB- , killed 15 people , and destroyed more than 2,200 homes . In addition to damage caused by the fire , smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma , respiratory problems , eye irritation , and smoke inhalation . , particularly within the communities of Rancho Bernardo , Rancho Santa Fe , and Ramona .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300c6a04bcaa1900d77099_s",
              "question": "When was the biggest wildfire in California this century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2003",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did California's largest wildfire of the century take place?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5325_s",
          "context": "Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc89bbb53dbe1900755129_s",
              "question": "When did theoretical linguists reject the traditional concept of phonemes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did theoretical linguists turn away traditional phoneme concepts?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4062_s",
          "context": "Transparency International , an anti-corruption NGO , pioneered this field with the CPI , first released in 1995 . This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and forcing the issue of corruption into high level development policy discourse . , updated annually : a CPI -LRB- based on aggregating third-party polling of public perceptions of how corrupt different countries are -RRB- ; a Global Corruption Barometer -LRB- based on a survey of general public attitudes toward and experience of corruption -RRB- ; and a Bribe Payers Index , looking at the willingness of foreign firms to pay bribes . The Corruption Perceptions Index is the best known of these metrics , though it has drawn much criticism and may be declining in influence . This index evaluates the risk of corruption in countries ' military sector .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2013",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56eaac850030b61400a3502c_s",
              "question": "When was the CPI first announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the CPI first released?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15519_s",
          "context": ", a thriller-horror film based on the Peter Benchley novel about an enormous killer shark . Despite the film 's ultimate , enormous success , it was nearly shut down due to delays and budget over-runs . It was an enormous hit , winning three Academy Awards -LRB- for editing , original score and sound -RRB- and grossing more than $ 470 million worldwide at the box office . It also set the domestic record for box office gross , leading to what the press described as `` Jawsmania . '' , allowing him a great deal of autonomy for his future projects. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "peter benchley",
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            {
              "id": "57318e2fa5e9cc1400cdc06c_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"great white shark\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Benchley",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the 'Jaws' book?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5315_s",
          "context": "In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc3b342603e7140040a037_s",
              "question": "Who founded automatic segmental phonology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Goldsmith",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded autosegmental phonology?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17101_s",
          "context": "The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world , starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622 . The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad . During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid -LRB- 786 to 809 -RRB- , the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world 's knowledge into Arabic . The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths , such as `` the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr , '' that stressed the value of knowledge . The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad , and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science , philosophy , medicine , and education . During this period , the Muslim world was a collection of cultures ; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek , Persian , Chinese , Indian , Egyptian , and Phoenician civilizations .",
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              "id": "572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ed1_s",
              "question": "Where is the house of wisdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baghdad",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the House of Wisdom held?"
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          "context": ", going back to the first parks masterplan . , some sections of which no longer exist . Will Rogers Park is home to the Lycan Conservatory , all built in the WPA era . , which houses a large collection of highly decorated banjos from the early 20th century and exhibits on the history of the banjo and its place in American history . Concerts and lectures are also held there .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56df76b656340a1900b29bb8_s",
              "question": "Where is the Lycan Conservatory of music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Will Rogers Park",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Lycan Conservatory located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10751_s",
          "context": ", Burke started at Trinity College Dublin , a Protestant establishment , did not permit Catholics to take degrees . , he set up a debating society , `` Edmund Burke 's Club '' , which , merged with TCD 's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society ; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world . Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748 . Burke 's father wanted him to read Law , where he entered the Middle Temple , before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe . After eschewing the Law , he pursued a livelihood through writing .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Edmund Burke graduate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1748",
                  "answer_start": 348
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Edmund Burke graduate?"
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        {
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          "context": "Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water . From 1809 , the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital . From 1857 , under Napoleon III , oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital 's highest points of elevation . From then on , the new reservoir system became Paris ' principal source of drinking water , and the remains of the old system , pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs , were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris ' streets . This system is still a major part of Paris ' modern water-supply network . Today Paris has more than 2,400 km -LRB- 1,491 mi -RRB- of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris ' liquid wastes .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572905aeaf94a219006a9f74_s",
              "question": "Who is Eugene Bergland under?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Eugene Belgrand under?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18548_s",
          "context": ", symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president , again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat . The effort was a long struggle ; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate , and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President . Henry Cabot Lodge , who served as his campaign manager , and others succeeded in convincing him , and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time . , having won critical delegate votes from Texas . Eisenhower 's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan . -- matters in which he had once participated .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325614e17f3d14004228af_s",
              "question": "Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Cabot Lodge",
                  "answer_start": 384
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17207_s",
          "context": "Viking invasions began in the 9th century , followed by more permanent settlements , particularly along the east coast of Ireland , the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man . , their influence remained in the cities of Dublin , Limerick , Waterford and Wexford . England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD , and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark . The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy , in northern France , lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066 . The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy , which conquered England , remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day . , partially under the French Crown . , the Angevins invaded Ireland in 1169 . Though initially intended to be kept as an independent kingdom , as King of England , to rule as effective monarch under the title of Lord of Ireland .",
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              "id": "57302f4004bcaa1900d7730b_s",
              "question": "Who attacked Ireland in 1169?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Angevins",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 1169, Ireland was invaded by which people?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18291_s",
          "context": "Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope , the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland , Scotland , Hungary , Germany and elsewhere . , and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel , Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the `` fallen city '' of Geneva . , Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement , providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries . The faith continued to spread after Calvin 's death in 1563 .",
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              "id": "5731c848b9d445190005e541_s",
              "question": "When did John Calvin die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1563",
                  "answer_start": 693
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John Calvin die?"
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          "context": "Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola , a Polish state established by Napoleon . The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810 , and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus -LRB- in Polish , he was Fryderyk Franciszek -RRB- . However , the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March , -LSB- n 2 -RSB- which is now generally accepted as the correct date .",
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              "question": "Where was Chopin born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Żelazowa Wola",
                  "answer_start": 28
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Where was Chopin born?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8179_s",
          "context": "At the start of her reign Victoria was popular , but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother 's ladies-in-waiting , developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy . She hated Conroy , and despised `` that odious Lady Flora '' , because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System . At first , until in mid-February she eventually agreed , and was found to be a virgin . Conroy . , the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen . At public appearances .",
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              "question": "Who will be the father of flora Hastings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir John Conroy",
                  "answer_start": 241
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              "original_question": "Who was rumored to be the father of Flora Hastings \"pregnancy\"?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16967_s",
          "context": "Kurita 's `` Center Force '' consisted of five battleships , 12 cruisers and 13 destroyers . It included the two largest battleships ever built : Yamato and Musashi . , and U.S. submarines sank two cruisers . On 24 October , as Kurita 's force entered the Sibuyan Sea , USS Intrepid and USS Cabot launched 260 planes , which scored hits on several ships . A third wave , from USS Enterprise and USS Franklin hit Musashi with 11 bombs and eight torpedoes .",
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              "question": "When did kurta's army enter the sibyan sea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "24 October",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Kurita's force enter the Sibuyan Sea?"
            }
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          "context": "In the late 19th century . In the late nineteenth century , a European-American woman from New England . , who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571debb355697319006390b4_s",
              "question": "Who is the doctor's relative married to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sioux woman",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the relative of the doctor marry?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4240_s",
          "context": "Conversely , some Slavs were assimilated into other populations . Although the majority continued south , a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population . There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania . -LSB- better source needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f762fbaef2371900625b90_s",
              "question": "Where are the slaves who were assimilated into Mazar or Romanian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carpathian basin",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15309_s",
          "context": "In early 1757 , hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces . After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757 , in which both forces suffered major casualties , the Prussians forced the Austrians back into the fortifications of Prague . The Prussian army then laid siege to the city . Following the battle at Prague . Austrian Marshal Daun arrived too late to participate in the battle of Prague , but picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle . With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague . The Prussian army was too weak to simultaneously besiege Prague and keep Daun away , and Frederick was forced to attack prepared positions . , his first military defeat .",
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              "question": "Where did the Austrians retreat from 1757 in May?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the fortifications of Prague",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Austrians retreat in May of 1757?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7448_s",
          "context": "The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth . While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789 , Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound -LRB- likely sodium diuranate -RRB- by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide . Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder , which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself -LRB- in fact , that powder was an oxide of uranium -RRB- . He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus , -LRB- named after the primordial Greek god of the sky -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e437d0dc6ce1900204eed_s",
              "question": "When was uranium discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1789",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the discovery of uranium occur?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17698_s",
          "context": "The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization , equipping , and training of aerospace units for operational missions . When required to support operational missions . In the case of AFSPC , AFSOC , PACAF , forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR . Likewise , AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR .",
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              "id": "5730f811a5e9cc1400cdbb50_s",
              "question": "For whom do AMC forces usually maintain the integrity of their components?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "USTRANSCOM",
                  "answer_start": 392
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9131_s",
          "context": "The Pindus range continues through the central Peloponnese , in the island of Crete where it eventually ends . Pindus is characterized by its high , steep peaks , often dissected by numerous canyons and a variety of other karstic landscapes . The spectacular Vikos Gorge , is listed by the Guinness book of World Records as the deepest gorge in the world . , atop which have been built medieval Greek Orthodox monasteries .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where is the end of Pingdu mountain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the island of Crete",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
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              "original_question": "Where does the Pindus mountain range end?"
            }
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          "context": "The cult centers of Apollo in Greece , date from the 8th century BCE . The Delos sanctuary was primarily dedicated to Artemis , Apollo 's twin sister . , Apollo was venerated as the slayer of Pytho . For the Greeks , Apollo was all the Gods in one and through the centuries he acquired different functions which could originate from different gods . In archaic Greece he was the prophet , the oracular god who in older times was connected with `` healing '' . In classical Greece he was the god of light and of music , but in popular religion he had a strong function to keep away evil . , which he termed `` a Dorian-northwest Greek component , a Cretan-Minoan component , and a Syro-Hittite component . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "To whom is the Delos shrine dedicated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Artemis",
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              "original_question": "To whom was the Delos sanctuary dedicated?"
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          "context": "In 1578 . That year , but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic . In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt , on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England , although no settlers were left behind . , and was succeeded by his half-brother , Walter Raleigh . Later that year , Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina , but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who are Humphrey and his half brother?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Walter Raleigh",
                  "answer_start": 309
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              "original_question": "Who was Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother?"
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          "context": "The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox . DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale . ; instead , the two finalists each released a cover song , and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin 's `` Up to the Mountain '' . This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales .",
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              "original_question": "When was the finale held?"
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          "context": "Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water . Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation . Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town . They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth . A watercourse , was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy . The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard . It was fed by three Dartmoor rivers , Cowsic and Blackabrook . It seems to have been carrying water since 1797 , but it was officially completed in 1801 . It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town , but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir , which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth . Burrator Reservoir is located about 5 miles -LRB- 8 km -RRB- north of the city and was constructed in 1898 and expanded in 1928 .",
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              "question": "Who sent water to Plymouth before 1973?",
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              "original_question": "Who provided Plymouth's water prior to 1973?"
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          "context": ", Karl Renner Prize -LRB- 1978 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When did Popper win the Carl Reiner prize?",
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                  "text": "1978",
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              "original_question": "In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize?"
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          "context": "Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration , usually to the English-speaking world because of the island 's colonization by the British Empire . Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 , while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration , war losses , and a temporary decline in fertility . After the ethnic cleansing of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974 , there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving , which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s . Today more than two-thirds of the Greek population in Cyprus is urban .",
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              "question": "Where are the new residents welcome?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Turkish invasion of Cyprus",
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              "original_question": "Whee these new inhabitants welcomed ?"
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          "context": "-- this name was given to Australia instead , and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia . Explorer Matthew Flinders , in particular , has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia . :",
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          "context": "At the end of May 1942 , to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England , Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney . He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment , stating he had an `` uneasy feeling '' about Chaney and his staff . On June 23 , 1942 , he returned to London as Commanding General , Kingston upon Thames , and replaced Chaney . He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7 .",
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              "question": "Who directed the English drama in May 1942?",
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                  "text": "James E. Chaney",
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              "original_question": "Who commanded the English theater in May 1942?"
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          "context": "Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period . These people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn , beans , and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting . The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage . The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "When did the hohockans live in Tucson?",
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          "context": "Some important texts were created and studied by scholars . Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong -LRB- 53 BC -- 18 AD -RRB- -- 28 AD -RRB- -- 100 AD -RRB- . -- 86 BC -RRB- established the standard model for all of imperial China 's Standard Histories -- 54 AD -RRB- -- 92 AD -RRB- -- 116 AD -RRB- . -- c. 147 AD -RRB- and the Fangyan by Yang Xiong . Biographies on important figures were written by various gentrymen . Han dynasty poetry was dominated by the fu genre .",
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              "question": "Who wrote this dictionary?",
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              "original_question": "Who had written the dictionary Fangyan?"
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          "context": "West 's middle-class background , flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers . Early in his career , he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop . The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent 's Curtis and West 's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold . , because it `` highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade ; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties . '' , `` establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap -LSB- ... -RSB- '' , and called him `` as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced -- a rapper who mastered , upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game , a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators , a flashy , free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college , culture and economics , an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up . '' His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release , but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically , as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection , including Frank Ocean , The Weeknd , Future , Kid Cudi , Childish Gambino , and Soulja Boy . , West effectively led a new wave of artists , who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing .",
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              "question": "Who did Kanye West compete with during his graduation?",
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          "context": "On February 29 , 2012 , the beta version of Windows 8 , build 8250 . Alongside other changes , the build removed the Start button from the taskbar for the first time since its debut on Windows 95 ; according to Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen , the Start button was removed to reflect their view that on Windows 8 , the desktop was an `` app '' itself , and not the primary interface of the operating system . The day after its release , Windows 8 Consumer Preview had been downloaded over one million times . Like the Developer Preview , the Consumer Preview expired on January 15 , 2013 .",
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          "context": "A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court , while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the `` length and arduousness of the journey '' to China as another reason not to make an appearance . , but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413 , this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian -LRB- 候顯 , which was again refused by Tsongkhapa . Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court -- the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet . This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning , or to have given its holder any power , at Tsongkhapa 's Ganden Monastery . Wylie notes that this -- like the Karma Kargyu -- can not be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices .",
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              "question": "When did the Ming Dynasty make a second request to zongkaba?",
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                  "text": "1413",
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          "context": "The Chalukya Empire -LRB- Kannada . During this period , they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties . The earliest dynasty , known as the `` Badami Chalukyas '' . The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II . The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka . The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas . A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers . The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration , overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called `` Chalukyan architecture '' . The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750 , and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190 .",
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              "original_question": "When was the second reign of Chalukyans?"
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          "context": ", when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . , and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923 . However , the position changed following the revolution . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
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              "question": "When was the Scottish hut built in Iraq?",
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              "original_question": "When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq?"
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          "context": "In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism , a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah , but also wanted to defend the classic , traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition . , as reflected in the booklet `` Ele Divrei HaBerit '' . , Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifesto entitled `` Shlomei Emunei Yisrael '' in German and Hebrew , having 177 Rabbis sign on . At this time the first Orthodox Jewish periodical , `` Der Treue Zions Waechter '' , was launched with the Hebrew supplement `` Shomer Zion HaNe'eman '' -LSB- 1845 - 1855 -RSB- . In later years it was Rav Ettlinger 's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry . Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854 :",
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              "question": "Where is Raphael khirabi Samson?",
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              "original_question": "Where was Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch from?"
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          "context": "As the memory of the \"Charge of the Light Brigade\" demonstrates, the war became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. Public opinion in the UK was outraged at the logistical and command failures of the war; the newspapers demanded drastic reforms, and parliamentary investigations demonstrated the multiple failures of the Army. However, the reform campaign was not well organized, and the traditional aristocratic leadership of the Army pulled itself together, and blocked all serious reforms. No one was punished. The outbreak of the Indian Revolution in 1857 shifted attention to the heroic defense of British interest by the army, and further talk of reform went nowhere. The demand for professionalization was, however, achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering and publicizing modern nursing while treating the wounded.:469–71",
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          "context": "During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs ; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops , . This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language , the Valencian Renaissance , a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions , began to gain ascendancy . , and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart , founder of the still extant cultural society , which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture .",
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          "context": "Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces, and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace. In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation.",
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              "original_question": "When did Louis march into the city unopposed and proclaimed its annexation?"
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          "context": ". Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C , newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat . Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993 , when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C . , referred to as barsat , which brings relief in its wake .",
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              "question": "When was Multan's record high temperature?",
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                  "text": "June 1993",
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              "original_question": "When was the record heat spike in Multan?"
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          "context": "According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians -LRB- 1 Cor . 15:4 -RRB- , appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven . The account given in Acts of the Apostles , appears to differ from the account in the Gospel of Luke , which makes no clear distinction between the events of Easter Sunday and the Ascension . However , most biblical scholars agree that St. Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles as a follow-up volume to his Gospel account , and the two works must be considered as a whole .",
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                  "text": "St. Luke",
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          "context": "The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe . Although the aim of the tour was mainly political , to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war , the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public . The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor , Edward VIII , was dispelled . , New York . A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour , which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281cf44b864d19001644b7_s",
              "question": "Who was George's predecessor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward VIII",
                  "answer_start": 413
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was George's predecessor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15871_s",
          "context": "From the German point of view . , including 12 major and three heavy attacks . The electronic war intensified but the Luftwaffe flew major inland missions only on moonlit nights . Ports were easier to find and made better targets . To confuse the British , radio silence was observed until the bombs fell . X . Rapid frequency changes were introduced for X-Gerät , whose wider band of frequencies and greater tactical flexibility ensured it remained effective at a time when British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the last minute",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57304755b2c2fd1400568b66_s",
              "question": "When did the air force fly inland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "only on moonlit nights",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Luftwaffe fly inland missions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12696_s",
          "context": ", and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC . It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age , with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era . Geographically , it corresponds to the people Roman called Gallaeci , which were composed by a large series of nations or tribes , among them the Artabri , Bracari , Limici , Albiones and Lemavi . They were capable fighters , while Appian mentions their warlike spirit , noting that the women bore their weapons side by side with their men , frequently preferring death to captivity . According to Pomponius Mela all the inhabitants of the coastal areas were Celtic people .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727aa364b864d19001639ef_s",
              "question": "Who says the people who live by the sea are \"Celts\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pomponius Mela",
                  "answer_start": 615
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was it that described people living on the coast as \"Celtic\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-246_s",
          "context": "Although this period had been productive , the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin 's health that Sand determined to leave the island . To avoid further customs duties , Sand sold the piano to a local French couple , the Canuts . -LSB- n 8 -RSB- The group traveled first to Barcelona , then to Marseilles , where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced . , where they spent most summers until 1846 . He frequently visited Sand in the evenings , but both retained some independence . In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans , living in adjacent buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfb8_s",
              "question": "Where did the group go to Barcelona?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marseilles",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16881_s",
          "context": "In 77 BC , the senate sent one of Sulla 's former lieutenants , Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus -LRB- `` Pompey the Great '' -RRB- , to put down an uprising in Spain . By 71 BC . Around the same time , another of Sulla 's former lieutenants , Marcus Licinius Crassus . Upon their return , Pompey and Crassus found the populares party fiercely attacking Sulla 's constitution . They attempted to forge an agreement with the populares party . If both Pompey and Crassus were elected consul in 70 BC , they would dismantle the more obnoxious components of Sulla 's constitution . The two were soon elected , and quickly dismantled most of Sulla 's constitution .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573018e604bcaa1900d7717d_s",
              "question": "Where did the uprising take place in 77 B.C?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spain",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where in the year 77 BC was an uprising?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2872_s",
          "context": "In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0a24e7aa994140058e67c_s",
              "question": "When was Karachi autonomous region built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1943",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5878_s",
          "context": "During the Mexican Revolution , Álvaro Obregón invited a group of Canadian German-speaking Mennonites to resettle in Mexico . By the late 1920s , almost all from Canada , only a few from the U.S. and Russia . Today , Mexico accounts for about 42 % of all Mennonites in Latin America . Mennonites in the country stand out because of their light skin , hair , and eyes . They are a largely insular community that speaks a form of German and wear traditional clothing . They own their own businesses in various communities in Chihuahua , and account for about half of the state 's farm economy , excelling in cheese production .",
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            {
              "id": "5707217c90286e26004fc931_s",
              "question": "Who invited Canadians to settle in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Álvaro Obregón",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invited Canadians to resettle in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "context": ". A Royal Ordnance Factory , ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War , to manufacture explosives . The site was decommissioned and closed in July 2008 . Templecombe has Thales Underwater Systems , which became part of Thales Optics . It has been announced twice , in 2006 and 2007 , but the trade unions and Taunton Deane District Council are working to reverse or mitigate these decisions . Other high-technology companies include the optics company Gooch and Housego . There are Ministry of Defence offices in Bath , and Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the Royal Marine Corps located",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines",
                  "answer_start": 545
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What area is home to royal marines "
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5285_s",
          "context": "These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death . -LSB- AC -RSB- The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe , about one-third of the population . Towns were especially hard-hit because of their crowded conditions . -LSB- AD -RSB- Large areas of land were left sparsely inhabited , and in some places fields were left unworked . Wages rose as landlords sought to entice the reduced number of available workers to their fields . Further problems were lower rents and lower demand for food , both of which cut into agricultural income . Urban workers also felt that they had a right to greater earnings , and popular uprisings broke out across Europe . Among the uprisings were the jacquerie in France , the Peasants ' Revolt in England , and revolts in the cities of Florence in Italy and Ghent and Bruges in Flanders . The trauma of the plague led to an increased piety throughout Europe , manifested by the foundation of new charities , the self-mortification of the flagellants , and the scapegoating of Jews . ; it continued to strike Europe periodically during the rest of the Middle Ages .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb879b8ddada1400cd64cf_s",
              "question": "When did the Black Death begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1347",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Black Death start?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9993_s",
          "context": ". With her sixth studio album , Bedtime Stories -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Madonna employed a softer image to try to improve the public perception . The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and produced four singles , including `` Secret '' and `` Take a Bow '' , the latter topping the Hot 100 for seven weeks , the longest period of any Madonna single . At the same time , she became romantically involved with fitness trainer Carlos Leon . Something to Remember , a collection of ballads , was released in November 1995 . The album featured three new songs : `` You 'll See '' , `` One More Chance '' .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d075dd62a815002e911a_s",
              "question": "Who is the fitness coach Madonna met?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carlos Leon",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2262_s",
          "context": ", until its name reverted to Television in 2013 . It is responsible for the commissioning , producing , and is led by Danny Cohen .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de86914396321400ee29fa_s",
              "question": "Who is the current head of BBC TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Danny Cohen",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current head of BBC Television?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2873_s",
          "context": ". The first Constitution was adopted in 1918 .",
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            "november 7, 1917"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e611_s",
              "question": "When was the Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Constitution adopted?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6465_s",
          "context": ", with very large numbers of local church choirs from the 17th century , leading to the foundation of local choral societies from the mid-18th century . It also played a major part in the development of brass bands which emerged in the county , particularly in the textile and coalfield areas , in the 19th century . The first open competition for brass bands was held at Manchester in 1853 , and continued annually until the 1980s . The vibrant brass band culture of the area made an important contribution to the foundation and staffing of the Hallé Orchestra from 1857 , the oldest extant professional orchestra in the United Kingdom . -- 88 -RRB- -- 1961 -RRB- , born in St. Helens -- 71 -RRB- born in Haslingden . , was born in Blackpool in 1944 . , such as early musical theatre composer Leslie Stuart -LRB- 1863 -- 1928 -RRB- , born in Southport , who began his musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "william walton",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570acb424103511400d59a02_s",
              "question": "Who started his music career at Salford cathedral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leslie Stuart",
                  "answer_start": 794
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began their musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12814_s",
          "context": ", many of the world 's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed an EC-sponsored Memorandum of Understanding -LRB- MoU -RRB- , agreeing to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply -LRB- EPS -RRB- . The EU 's common EPS specification -LRB- EN 62684:2010 -RRB- references the USB Battery Charging standard and is similar to the GSMA/OMTP and Chinese charging solutions . In January 2011 , the International Electrotechnical Commission -LRB- IEC -RRB- released its version of the -LRB- EU 's -RRB- common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fecbff5b5019007d9a7a_s",
              "question": "When did IEC issue the general EPS Standard IEC 62684:2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2011",
                  "answer_start": 446
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the IEC release its version of the common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-363_s",
          "context": "Sonam Gyatso , departed for Tibet . Before he left -- 1582 -RRB- , which arrived on March 12 , 1579 . Sometime in August or September of that year -- 1620 -RRB- , who also conferred upon Sonam Gyatso a title ; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China . However , even though he was only 400 km -LRB- 250 mi -RRB- from Beijing . '' Although not recorded in any official Chinese records , Sonam Gyatso 's biography states that Wanli again conferred titles on Sonam Gyatso in 1588 , and invited him to Beijing for a second time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dalai lama",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88620_s",
              "question": "Who was given this great title?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sonam Gyatso",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was given the grandiose title?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15643_s",
          "context": "Neptune has 14 known moons . Triton is the largest Neptunian moon , comprising more than 99.5 % of the mass in orbit around Neptune , -LSB- e -RSB- and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal . Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself . Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System , Triton has a retrograde orbit , indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place ; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt . It is close enough to Neptune to be locked into a synchronous rotation , and it is slowly spiralling inward because of tidal acceleration . It will eventually be torn apart , in about 3.6 billion years , when it reaches the Roche limit . In 1989 , Triton was the coldest object that had yet been measured in the Solar System , with estimated temperatures of 38 K -LRB- − 235 °C -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2af_s",
              "question": "Who found Triton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Lassell",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered Triton? "
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8295_s",
          "context": "Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725cb6c271a42140099d1e6_s",
              "question": "When was mashaf founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 446
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was MASHAV established?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8652_s",
          "context": "The process of founding the country 's public university began on 11 June 1833 with the passage of a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga . It called for the creation of nine academic departments ; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation . In 1836 , the House of General Studies was formed , housing the departments of Latin , philosophy , mathematics , theology and jurisprudence . On 27 May 1838 . That decree had few practical effects , given the institutional instability of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay at that time .",
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              "id": "5725e2ad38643c19005ace2e_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the law to start the process of national university funding?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed the law that began the process of funding the country's public university?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12161_s",
          "context": "On the next day , December 18 , protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops , volunteers , militia units , and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation . The clashes could only be controlled on the third day . The Almaty events were followed by smaller protests and demonstrations in Shymkent , Pavlodar , Karaganda , and Taldykorgan . Reports from Kazakh SSR authorities estimated that the riots drew 3,000 people . Other estimates are of at least 30,000 to 40,000 protestors with 5,000 arrested and jailed , and an unknown number of casualties . According to the Kazakh SSR government , there were two deaths during the riots , including a volunteer police worker and a student . Both of them had died due to blows to the head . About 100 others were detained and several others were sentenced to terms in labor camps . ; some accounts estimate casualties at more than 1,000 . The writer Mukhtar Shakhanov claimed that a KGB officer testified that 168 protesters were killed , but that figure remains unconfirmed .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the KGB official's statement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mukhtar Shakhanov",
                  "answer_start": 920
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote about the KGB officer's testimony?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12638_s",
          "context": "The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern , state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops . Department stores cater for all budgets , with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available . Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork 's suburbs , including Blackpool , Ballincollig , Douglas , Ballyvolane , Wilton and Mahon Point . Others are available in the city centre . -RSB- completed development of two large malls The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street , and new the retail street called `` Opera Lane '' off St. Patrick 's Street/Academy Street . The Grand Parade scheme , on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex , was planning-approved for 60,000 square feet -LRB- 5,600 m2 -RRB- of retail space , with work commencing in 2016 . Cork 's main shopping street is St. Patrick 's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. metre after Dublin 's Grafton Street . , with many retail spaces available for let . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade . Cork is also home to some of the country 's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores being laid in the city . Outside the city centre is Mahon Point Shopping Centre .",
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              "id": "5727c9e62ca10214002d9643_s",
              "question": "When will the March start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2016",
                  "answer_start": 811
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When will work on the Grand Parade begin?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15670_s",
          "context": "Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy . Italy was the major user , for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976 . , which were electrified in 1901 and 1902 .",
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            {
              "id": "572f52bc04bcaa1900d7684b_s",
              "question": "Where does Italy start to use air conditioning system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the mountainous regions of northern Italy",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where did Italy start using the AC system?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16502_s",
          "context": "The West Campus is located about one mile -LRB- 1.6 km -RRB- to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton , Missouri , and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space . The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990 , when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations . , the basement level houses the West Campus Library , the University Archives , the Modern Graphic History Library , and conference space . The ground level still remains a retail space . The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts , portions of alumni and development , and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses . There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor . The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies -LRB- CAIT -RRB- , which provides IT training services .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd15da23a5019007fca37_s",
              "question": "When did the University acquire the land of the west campus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 328
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10637_s",
          "context": "In France, simultaneously, the towering figure of the Gothic Revival was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who outdid historical Gothic constructions to create a Gothic as it ought to have been, notably at the fortified city of Carcassonne in the south of France and in some richly fortified keeps for industrial magnates. Viollet-le-Duc compiled and coordinated an Encyclopédie médiévale that was a rich repertory his contemporaries mined for architectural details. He effected vigorous restoration of crumbling detail of French cathedrals, including the Abbey of Saint-Denis and famously at Notre Dame de Paris, where many of whose most \"Gothic\" gargoyles are Viollet-le-Duc's. He taught a generation of reform-Gothic designers and showed how to apply Gothic style to modern structural materials, especially cast iron.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the protagonist of French Gothic rebirth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eugène Viollet-le-Duc",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the main figure of the Gothic Revival in France?"
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          "context": "The Nazis , led by Adolf Hitler , attempted to unite all the people they claimed were `` Germans '' -LRB- Volksdeutsche -RRB- into one realm , including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe , many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands . This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland , Austria , Poland . The Swiss resisted the idea . They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who led the Nazis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adolf Hitler",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who headed the Nazis?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8183_s",
          "context": "Napoleon III , since the Crimean War Britain 's closest ally , visited London in April 1855 . Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris . , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles .",
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              "question": "Who is the closest to the British since the Crimean War?",
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                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "original_question": "who was britains closest ally since the Crimean war?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16667_s",
          "context": "The Ottoman Empire began to collapse , and in 1908 , the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid . , the Adana massacre occurred in the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire resulting in the deaths of as many as 20,000 -- 30,000 Armenians . The Armenians living in the empire hoped that the Committee of Union and Progress would change their second-class status .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was Sultan Hamid released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Sultan Hamid unseated?"
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          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6336_s",
          "context": ", the number of supporters had surpassed 20,000 and by lending money to the club , Barça was able to build the larger Camp de Les Corts , which had an initial capacity of 20,000 spectators . After the Spanish Civil War the club started attracting more members and a larger number of spectators at matches . This led to several expansion projects , and finally the northern stand in 1950 . After the last expansion , Les Corts could hold 60,000 spectators .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the last expansion of Les Corts?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the last expansion of Les Corts?"
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          "context": "There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution , including Karl von Nägeli 's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection . Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics . His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson -LRB- later awarded the title Lord Kelvin -RRB- . Darwin accepted blending inheritance , but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits , natural selection could not accumulate useful traits . Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition . Mivart supported directed evolution , and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection . In response , Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition . The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When was the problem of the earth and heritage solved?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When were the problems of the earth and heredity resolved?"
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          "context": "In 1870 , Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , to study the Bible . During the course of his ministry , Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul , hellfire , predestination , the fleshly return of Jesus Christ , the Trinity , and the burning up of the world . , Russell met Nelson H. Barbour , which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy . The book taught that God 's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally , each ending with a `` harvest , '' at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God 's kingdom on earth . , Russell began publishing the magazine Zion 's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ 's Presence , '' and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent .",
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              "question": "When did Charles TAZ Russell form the team?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?"
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          "context": "Frédéric François Chopin -LRB- / ˈʃoʊpæn / ; French pronunciation : -LSB- fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃ -RSB- ; 22 February or 1 March 1810 -- 17 October 1849 -RRB- , born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin , -LSB- n 1 -RSB- was a Polish and French -LRB- by citizenship and birth of father -RRB- composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era , who wrote primarily for the solo piano . He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era , whose `` poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation . '' Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw , and grew up in Warsaw , which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland . A child prodigy , less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising .",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In what area was Frédéric born in?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9399_s",
          "context": "The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories . They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars , which reduces the emissions released . Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas -LRB- LPG -RRB- . Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion . , that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women . Due to these initiatives and others , the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "When did the underground railway system start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1968",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the underground rail system begin construction?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3216_s",
          "context": "The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy 's Navigation technology satellite-2 -LRB- NTS-2 -RRB- . For example , the ISS , Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries . In the dark part of its orbit , the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries .",
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              "id": "56e176a2cd28a01900c6797b_s",
              "question": "When was the first time to use a NiMH battery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8199_s",
          "context": "The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal -LRB- Continental -RRB- strand to be Irregular , and thus withhold recognition . For the Continental lodges , however , having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties . In 1961 , an umbrella organisation , Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg -LRB- CLIPSAS -RRB- was set up . Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories , including mixed and women 's organisations . The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions , and expects its allies to follow suit . This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572644d81125e71900ae193b_s",
              "question": "When was clipas founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1961",
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              "original_question": "The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?"
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        {
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          "context": "In 2004 , West had his first of a number of public incidents during his attendance at music award events . At the American Music Awards of 2004 , West stormed out of the auditorium after losing Best New Artist to country singer Gretchen Wilson . He later commented , `` I felt like I was definitely robbed -LSB- ... -RSB- I was the best new artist this year . '' After the 2006 Grammy nominations were released , saying , `` I do n't care what I do , I do n't care how much I stunt -- you can never take away from the amount of work I put into it . I do n't want to hear all of that politically correct stuff . '' On November 2 , 2006 . Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst . On November 7 , 2006 , West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane . He later spoofed the incident on the 33rd season premiere of Saturday Night Live in September 2007 .",
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              "question": "Who did Kanye lose the best Rookie Award in 2004?",
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                  "text": "Gretchen Wilson",
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              "original_question": "To who did Kanye lose the Best New Artist award in 2004?"
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        {
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          "context": ". Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on . , there were about a hundred local converts in the Guge kingdom . Later on , Christianity was introduced to Rudok , Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom .",
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              "question": "When did the Portuguese missionaries first arrive in Western Tibet?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1624",
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              "original_question": "When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?"
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          "context": ". The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures . The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral . , Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces ; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor . In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni . Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor ; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo . Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state , but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state . The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree . The state elected General Luis Terrazas , a liberal leader , as governor .",
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              "question": "When did the conservative movement take place?",
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                  "text": "1858",
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                }
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              "original_question": "The conservative movement occurred during which year?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18401_s",
          "context": "Energy production in Greece is dominated by the Public Power Corporation -LRB- known mostly by its acronym ΔΕΗ , or in English DEI -RRB- . In 2009 DEI supplied for 85.6 % of all energy demand in Greece , while the number fell to 77.3 % in 2010 . , a drop from the 51.6 % in 2009 . Another 12 % comes from Hydroelectric power plants and another 20 % from natural gas . Between 2009 and 2010 , independent companies ' energy production increased by 56 % , from 2,709 Gigawatt hour in 2009 to 4,232 GWh in 2010 .",
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              "question": "Who controls Greece's energy production?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Public Power Corporation",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who dominates energy production in Greece?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13035_s",
          "context": "In Thailand , a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932 , the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice . , Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Thailand first try to overthrow the government led by the king?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king?"
            }
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          "context": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods , insights and discoveries of the sciences . -- 1970 -RRB- a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal , logically perfect , language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language . This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions . By combining Frege 's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein 's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies , they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions : the analytic -LRB- a priori -RRB- and the synthetic -LRB- a posteriori -RRB- . On this basis , they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not : the so-called verification principle . Any sentence that is not purely logical , or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning . As a result , most metaphysical , ethical , aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems .",
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              "question": "When did Bertrand Russell die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Bertrand Russell die?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7591_s",
          "context": "A year later , at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis , the Australian Prime Minister , was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr . She declined , stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general . The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who fired Whelan as Prime Minister of Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Governor-General Sir John Kerr",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4232_s",
          "context": "On the other hand , I2a1b1 -LRB- P41 .2 -RRB- is typical of the South Slavic populations , being highest in Bosnia-Herzegovina -LRB- > 50 % -RRB- . Haplogroup I2a2 is also commonly found in north-eastern Italians . There is also a high concentration of I2a2a in the Moldavian region of Romania , Moldova and western Ukraine . According to original studies , subsequently spreading from the Balkans through Central Russian Plain . Recently , Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2 into two clades -- N -LRB- northern -RRB- and S -LRB- southern -RRB- , in relation where they arose compared to Danube river . He proposes that N is slightly older than S . He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f75a5faef2371900625b47_s",
              "question": "Who divides i2a2 into two disguises?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ken Nordtvedt",
                  "answer_start": 441
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has split I2a2 into two clades?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-118_s",
          "context": ", Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop . The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance , fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bed3e63aeaaa14008c94e1_s",
              "question": "When should Beyonce and top stores sell their first products in stores?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "autumn 2015",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Beyonce and Topshops first products were to be sold in stores when?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16015_s",
          "context": "Evidence found in Chinese literature , and archaeological evidence , show that cartography existed in China before the Han . Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb . The general Ma Yuan created the world 's first known raised-relief map from rice in the 1st century AD .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fad40b2c2fd1400568323_s",
              "question": "Who created the first relief card?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ma Yuan",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual created the very first raised relief map?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3991_s",
          "context": ". The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $ 10,000 of the necessary endowment fund . On November 2 , 1863 , and the following year the university was officially organized . , which is the event that KU dates its founding from . Work on the first college building began later that year . The university opened for classes on September 12 , 1866 , and the first class graduated in 1873 .",
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              "id": "56e7853900c9c71400d7721f_s",
              "question": "Who uses most of the money to keep Kansas University safe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amos Adams Lawrence",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided the majority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11812_s",
          "context": "In Europe , when it caused nearly 25 % of all deaths . , mortality had decreased nearly 90 % . Improvements in public health began significantly reducing rates of tuberculosis even before the arrival of streptomycin and other antibiotics , although the disease remained a significant threat to public health such that when the Medical Research Council was formed in Britain in 1913 , its initial focus was tuberculosis research .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the medical research committee established?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1913",
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                }
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              "original_question": "What year was the Medical Research Council created?"
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          "context": "Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime . One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group : W1 -LRB- White-British -RRB- , W2 -LRB- White-Irish -RRB- , W9 -LRB- Any other white background -RRB- ; M1 -LRB- White and black Caribbean -RRB- , M2 -LRB- White and black African -RRB- , M3 -LRB- White and Asian -RRB- , M9 -LRB- Any other mixed background -RRB- ; A1 -LRB- Asian-Indian -RRB- , A2 -LRB- Asian-Pakistani -RRB- , A3 -LRB- Asian-Bangladeshi -RRB- , A9 -LRB- Any other Asian background -RRB- ; B1 -LRB- Black Caribbean -RRB- , B2 -LRB- Black African -RRB- , B3 -LRB- Any other black background -RRB- ; O1 -LRB- Chinese -RRB- , O9 -LRB- Any other -RRB- . The other is categories used by the police when they visually identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group : White -- North European -LRB- IC1 -RRB- , White -- South European -LRB- IC2 -RRB- , Black -LRB- IC3 -RRB- , Asian -LRB- IC4 -RRB- , Chinese , Japanese , or South East Asian -LRB- IC5 -RRB- , Middle Eastern -LRB- IC6 -RRB- , and Unknown -LRB- IC0 -RRB- . `` IC '' stands for `` Identification Code ; '' these items are also referred to as Phoenix classifications . Officers are instructed to `` record the response that has been given '' even if the person gives an answer which may be incorrect ; their own perception of the person 's ethnic background is recorded separately . , as part of its Equality Data Review ; one problem cited was the number of reports that contained an ethnicity of `` Not Stated . ''",
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              "question": "When was the person identified as belonging to a particular ethnic group?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 2001 Census",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did individuals self-identify as belonging to a particular ethnic group?"
            }
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          "context": "In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system.",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the Beidou system begin to enter global reporting?",
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              "original_question": "When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?"
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          "context": "In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already \"ten years out of date\". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003.",
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              "original_question": "Where was TR2 built?"
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          "context": "At the 29 August Arab League summit in Khartoum , Nasser 's usual commanding position had receded as the attending heads of state expected Saudi King Faisal to lead . Nasser cut relations with the US following the war , and , according to Aburish , his policy of `` playing the superpowers against each other '' ended . In November , Nasser accepted UN Resolution 242 . , while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence .",
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              "question": "Where is the Arab League summit held?",
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              "original_question": "Where was the Arab League summit held?"
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          "context": "Strasbourg 's historic city centre , the Grande Île -LRB- Grand Island -RRB- , the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre . Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history , especially through the University of Strasbourg , and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture . The largest Islamic place of worship in France , the Strasbourg Grand Mosque , was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012 .",
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              "question": "When did the Great Mosque of Strasbourg open?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated?"
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          "context": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons -LRB- called `` photoelectrons '' -RRB- from a surface when light is shone on it . It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839 , who published the first thorough investigation in 1887 . The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect , rather than relativity , both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment , and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real .",
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              "question": "Who was the first to observe the photoelectric effect?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Alexandre Edmond Becquerel",
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              "original_question": "Who first observed the photoelectric effect?"
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          "context": ", keeping to himself , and not bothering to read staff memos . '' . When asked whether he was traveling too much , he responded , `` Hell no . I 'm not slowing down . '' . However . After a year . , the Foreign Policy Magazine 's 2014 Ivory Tower survey of international relations scholars asked , `` Who was the most effective U.S. Secretary of State in the past 50 years ? '' .",
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              "question": "Who published an investigation into the ivory tower?",
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              "original_question": "Who published the Ivory Tower Survey?"
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          "context": "For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate , Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea 's Hellenised elite . Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them . Early Italian synagogues have left few traces ; but one was dedicated in Ostia around the mid-1st century BC and several more are attested during the Imperial period . Judaea 's enrollment as a client kingdom in 63 BC increased the Jewish diaspora ; in Rome , this led to closer official scrutiny of their religion . Their synagogues were recognised as legitimate collegia by Julius Caesar . By the Augustan era , the city of Rome was home to several thousand Jews . In some periods under Roman rule , Jews were legally exempt from official sacrifice , under certain conditions .",
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              "question": "Who recognized that synagogues were legal in Rome?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who recognized the Jewish synagogues as being legitimate in Rome?"
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          "context": "The city 's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles -LRB- 6 km -RRB- north of the city centre . The airport was home to the local airline Air Southwest , which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland . It concluded that the best option for the south-west was to close Plymouth City Airport and expand Exeter International Airport and Newquay Cornwall Airport , although it did conclude that this was not the best option for Plymouth . , it was announced that the airport would close . However , FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by 2018 , which will provide daily services to various destinations including London .",
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              "question": "When will the airport reopen?",
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              "original_question": "By what year is the city airport planned to reopen?"
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          "context": "The university first offered graduate degrees , in the form of a Master of Arts -LRB- MA -RRB- . The program expanded to include Master of Laws -LRB- LL.M . -RRB- and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth , before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees . This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees , including offering Doctorate -LRB- PhD -RRB- degrees . Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs , while a professional Master of Divinity -LRB- M.Div . -RRB- program also exists . All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs , except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies . The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture , while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs . The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs . It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program . Additionally , middle schools .",
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              "question": "When was the doctorate awarded at Notre Dame?",
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              "original_question": "The granting of Doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at Notre Dame?"
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          "context": ", ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg , moved his residence to Hanover . The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692 , and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708 . Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg : House of Hanover -RRB- . Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain -LRB- and from 1801 , of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland -RRB- . , who acceded to the British throne in 1714 . Semi-Salic law , which required succession by the male line if possible , forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover . Her descendants , however , bore her husband 's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha . Three kings of Great Britain , or the United Kingdom , were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover .",
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              "question": "Who confirmed the investigation of the Duke of Brunswick in 1708?",
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              "original_question": "Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?"
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          "context": "Parallel to events in Germany , a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . Zwingli was a scholar and preacher , who in 1518 moved to Zurich . Although the two movements agreed on many issues of theology , some unresolved differences kept them separate . A meeting was held in his castle in 1529 , which has become infamous for its failure . The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine .",
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              "question": "Who launched the Protestant movement in Switzerland?",
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                  "text": "Huldrych Zwingli",
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              "original_question": "Who began the Protestant movement in Switzerland?"
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          "context": "The group 's second LP , Queen II , was released in 1974 , and features rock photographer Mick Rock 's iconic image of the band on the cover . This image would be used as the basis for the 1975 `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' music video production . The album reached number five on the British album chart and became the first Queen album to chart in the UK . The Freddie Mercury-written lead single `` Seven Seas of Rhye '' reached number ten in the UK , giving the band their first hit . The album is the first real testament to the band 's distinctive layered sound , and features long complex instrumental passages , fantasy-themed lyrics , and musical virtuosity . Aside from its only single , the album also included the song `` The March of the Black Queen '' , a six-minute epic which lacks a chorus . The Daily Vault described the number as `` menacing '' . Critical reaction was mixed , while praising the band 's debut album , described Queen II as a `` over-produced monstrosity '' . , and it is the first of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .",
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              "question": "Who designed the cover of the Queen's second album?",
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              "original_question": "Who designed the cover of Queen's second album?"
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          "context": "Primarily starting in the mid-1960s , London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture , exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King 's Road . The role of trendsetter was revived during the punk era . During The Troubles in Northern Ireland , London was subjected to bombing attacks by the Provisional IRA . Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot .",
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              "question": "Who is responsible for the London bombings?",
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                  "text": "the Provisional IRA",
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              "original_question": "During \"The Troubles\", who waged assaults via bombings on London?"
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          "context": "Israeli cuisine includes local dishes as well as dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from the diaspora . Since the establishment of the State in 1948 , an Israeli fusion cuisine has developed . Roughly half of the Israeli-Jewish population attests to keeping kosher at home . Kosher restaurants , perhaps reflecting the largely secular values of those who dine out . Hotel restaurants are much more likely to serve kosher food . The non-kosher retail market was traditionally sparse . Together with non-kosher fish , rabbits and ostriches , pork -- often called `` white meat '' in Israel -- is produced and consumed , though it is forbidden by both Judaism and Islam .",
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              "question": "When was Israel fusion kitchen developed?",
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              "original_question": "When was Israeli fusion cuisine first developed?"
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          "context": "The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda -LRB- which lies due east of South Carolina , although at 1,030 km or 640 mi , it is closest to Cape Hatteras , North Carolina -RRB- , under the leadership of governor William Sayle , on the west bank of the Ashley River , a few miles northwest of the present-day city center . It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury , one of the Lords Proprietors , to become a `` great port towne '' , a destiny the city quickly fulfilled . In 1680 . Not only was this location more defensible , but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor .",
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              "question": "Who was Charleston's first governor?",
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                  "text": "William Sayle",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first governor of Charleston?"
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          "context": "The first known use of the word `` computer '' was in 1613 in a book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwait , and the best Arithmetician that euer breathed , and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number . '' It referred to a person who carried out calculations , or computations . The word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century . From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning , a machine that carries out computations .",
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              "question": "Who is the author of this book, the collection of young people?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the author of the book, The Yong Mans Gleanings?"
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          "context": "In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow , indeed . In fact .",
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              "question": "Who is believed to be loyal to Moscow?",
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              "original_question": "Who was considered loyal to Moscow?"
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          "context": "Madonna 's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism . : An Encyclopedia of Issues , Viewpoints , and Voices , Volume 1 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations , social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit , sexual imagery and lyrics , religious symbolism , and otherwise `` irreverent '' behavior in her live performances . ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex , nudity , style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice . '' , of sexuality , and of one 's social relations . In Doing Gender in Media , Art and Culture -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , the authors noted that Madonna , as a female celebrity , performer , and pop icon , is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates . , as powerful , and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women . ''",
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              "original_question": "Who is regarded as a feminist during her time?"
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          "context": "On 29 October 1956 , Israeli forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula , overwhelmed Egyptian army posts , and quickly advanced to their objectives . Two days later , British and French planes bombarded Egyptian airfields in the canal zone . Moreover , he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said , Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces . Amer strongly disagreed , insisting that Egyptian tanks meet the Israelis in battle . The two had a heated exchange on 3 November , and Amer conceded .",
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              "question": "Who wants the Egyptian armed forces to fight Israel?",
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                  "text": "Amer",
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              "original_question": "Who wanted the Egyptian armored units to fight the Israelis?"
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          "context": "Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause . For example , in 2013 , which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time . In 2004 , while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users ; the case was settled for US$ 50 million . Major anti-piracy organizations , like the BSA , conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance .",
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              "question": "Who are the role models of major anti piracy organizations?",
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                  "text": "the BSA",
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              "original_question": "Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-617_s",
          "context": ", Donald Trump , leading in the polls , vigorously defended his city . The National Review , a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley , Jr. in 1955 , commented , `` By hearkening back to New York 's heart after 9/11 , for a moment Trump transcended politics . How easily we forget , New York was America . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the national review established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1955",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the National Review founded?"
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1733_s",
          "context": ". During Massamba-Débat 's term in office the regime adopted `` scientific socialism '' as the country 's constitutional ideology . , Congo established relations with the Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , North Korea and North Vietnam . Nevertheless , Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional , tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56dcec399a695914005b9480_s",
              "question": "When did the Masamba dispute lose power in Congo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1968",
                  "answer_start": 443
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6575_s",
          "context": "The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3fc26b8089140040f82f_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of Saratoga fought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1777",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the battle of Saratoga fought?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18288_s",
          "context": "In the late 1130s , Arnold of Brescia , an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church . After his death , his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists , and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans , though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation . In the early 1170s . He advocated an interpretation of the Gospel that led to conflicts with the Roman Catholic Church . By 1215 , the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to persecution . Despite that , the movement continues to exist to this day in Italy , as a part of the wider Reformed tradition .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was one of the first to reform Catholicism?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Arnold of Brescia",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was one of the first to try to reform the Catholic Church?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9158_s",
          "context": "Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic -- speaking groups , locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking , most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks . Their dialects can be linguistically classified as forms of either Macedonian Slavic or Bulgarian . It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923 , Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers . , today maintained only by a few thousand speakers . Other notable minority languages include Armenian , Georgian , and the Greco-Turkic dialect spoken by the Urums .",
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            {
              "id": "57266d3edd62a815002e8480_s",
              "question": "Where are the Slavs generally?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northern Greek borders",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Slavic speaking groups generally found?"
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          "context": "Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (\"the awakened one\"). According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[note 1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving. Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56d0d6db17492d1400aab664_s",
              "question": "When is the Buddha still alive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE",
                  "answer_start": 420
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When approximately was Buddha alive?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "His next relationship was with Herta Haas . , leaving Haas pregnant . , she gave birth to their son , Aleksandar `` Mišo '' Broz . All throughout his relationship with Haas , Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović , who , under the codename `` Zdenka '' , served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary . The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946 . Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor , his Belgrade residence .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did Davao die of tuberculosis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1946",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15645_s",
          "context": "Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth , its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds , the smallest of the Solar System planets . Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually . Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope -LRB- HST -RRB- and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics -LRB- AO -RRB- . The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics , was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii . , with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence . Combined with technological advancements , ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet . , with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example . , five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2cb_s",
              "question": "When was Neptune first observed from the ground?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 517
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10358_s",
          "context": "On 6 February 2015 . Two days earlier , Marks had emailed counsel for the defendants telling them : `` It has been decided -LRB- not by me but by my elders and betters -RRB- that I am not going to be doing the retrial '' . : `` Wide is the only judge so far to have presided in a case which has seen a conviction of a journalist in relation to allegations of unlawful payments to public officials for stories . The journalist , who can not be named for legal reasons , is appealing the verdict '' . Defence counsel for the four journalists threatened to take the decision to judicial review , Nigel Rumfitt QC , saying : `` The way this has come about gives rise to the impression that something has been going on behind the scenes which should not have been going on behind the scenes and which should have been dealt with transparently '' . He added that the defendants were `` extremely concerned '' and `` entitled '' to know why Marks was being replaced by Wide .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is Farrow's lawyer?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nigel Rumfitt QC",
                  "answer_start": 593
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was Pharo's lawyer in the case?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18024_s",
          "context": "The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture . Egyptian blue , also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years . It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment . The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings . Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal pyramids , temples and monumental tombs . Well-known examples are the Pyramid of Djoser designed by ancient architect and engineer Imhotep , the Sphinx . Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e1dce17f3d14004224f8_s",
              "question": "Who designed the Jos é pyramid?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Imhotep",
                  "answer_start": 561
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Pyramid of Djoser?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6626_s",
          "context": "In the United States , macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School 's Out -LRB- 1972 -RRB- . , demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre . Montrose , released their first album in 1973 . Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona , achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive ! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era . , which reached number 11 in the American album chart , and Rocks -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , which peaked at number three . Blue Öyster Cult , formed in the late 60s , picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , followed by their first platinum album , Agents of Fortune -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , containing the hit single '' -LRB- Do n't Fear -RRB- The Reaper '' , which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts . Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album . In the same year . While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound , the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock . , having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit `` Journey to the Center of the Mind '' -LRB- 1968 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b6da3ec8fbc190045ba14_s",
              "question": "Who recorded the album and the school was out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alice Cooper",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recorded the album School's Out?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15746_s",
          "context": ", The Citadel , The Military College of South Carolina , and the Medical University of South Carolina . The city is also home to private universities , including the Charleston School of Law . , and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region 's technical school , Trident Technical College . , The American College of the Building Arts . , located downtown on North Market Street , opened in 2007 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57304f4f8ab72b1400f9c425_s",
              "question": "Where is the Charleston School of art?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "downtown on North Market Street",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5655_s",
          "context": "In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some \"salt water taffy\" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who is the creator of saltwater tofu?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "David Bradley",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the creator of salt water taffy?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13435_s",
          "context": ", the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright . The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities . In these facilities , bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions : repurchase agreements , or collateralised loans . These two transactions are similar , i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans , the difference being of legal nature . In the repos the ownership of the collateral changes to the ECB until the loan is repaid .",
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              "question": "Who will protect the property before paying off the debt?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "ECB",
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              "original_question": "Who retains ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-248_s",
          "context": "During the summers at Nohant , particularly in the years 1839 -- 43 , productive days during which he composed many works , including his Polonaise in A-flat major , Op. 53 . Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842 :",
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              "question": "Who wrote a letter about living in nohan?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Delacroix",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15350_s",
          "context": "He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a PhD from Princeton in 1942; his thesis advisor was John Archibald Wheeler. Feynman's thesis applied the principle of stationary action to problems of quantum mechanics, inspired by a desire to quantize the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory of electrodynamics, laying the groundwork for the \"path integral\" approach and Feynman diagrams, and was titled \"The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics\".",
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              "question": "When did he get his doctorate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1942",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
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              "original_question": "When did he receive his PhD?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16215_s",
          "context": "The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era . Born on Corsica as the French invaded , this brilliant commander , controlled a French Empire that , at its height . , and old Empires and Kingdoms fell apart as a result of the mighty and `` Glorious '' surge of Republicanism .",
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              "question": "Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Corsica",
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              "original_question": "Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?"
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        {
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          "context": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens -LRB- despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations -RRB- -- the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law . The law created three categories of citizenship : citizenship , associate citizenship , and naturalised citizenship . Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin , Kayah -LRB- Karenni -RRB- , Karen , Chin , Burman , Rakhine , Shan , Kaman , or Zerbadee . , but can prove they have one grandparent , or pre-1823 ancestor , who was a citizen of another country . The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them -- this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma , while the Rohingya people have been described as `` among the world 's least wanted '' and `` one of the world 's most persecuted minorities . '' But the origin of ` most persecuted minority ' statement is unclear .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Rohingya lose civil rights in Myanmar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Rohingya lose citizenship rights in Burma?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.",
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            {
              "id": "57269254708984140094ca7e_s",
              "question": "When did Britain decide to name its territory British overseas territory?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2002",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Britain decide to call its territories the British Overseas Territories?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11463_s",
          "context": "Von Neumann 's habilitation was completed on December 13 , 1927 , and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928 . By the end of 1927 , von Neumann had published twelve major papers in mathematics , and by the end of 1929 , thirty-two papers , at a rate of nearly one major paper per month . His reputed powers of speedy , massive memorization and recall allowed him to recite volumes of information , and even entire directories , with ease . In 1929 , he briefly became a privatdozent at the University of Hamburg , where the prospects of becoming a tenured professor were better .",
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              "id": "5728115c3acd2414000df39b_s",
              "question": "Where did von Neumann begin his lecture in the 1920s?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "University of Berlin",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
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              "original_question": "Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17104_s",
          "context": "A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance -LRB- love -RRB- is Layla and Majnun , dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century . , which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent . Ferdowsi 's Shahnameh , the national epic of Iran , is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history . , which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction .",
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            {
              "id": "572fef5e947a6a140053ce28_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about shahna?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ferdowsi",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Shahnameh?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12436_s",
          "context": "In 2014 artist Jack White sold 40,000 copies of his second solo release , Lazaretto , on vinyl . The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991 . , Vitalogy , which sold 34,000 copies in one week in 1994 . In 2014 , the sale of vinyl records was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year . Sales of other mediums including individual digital tracks , digital albums and compact discs have fallen , the latter having the greatest drop-in-sales rate .",
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              "id": "572803754b864d1900164224_s",
              "question": "Who has made the latest record since 1991?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jack White",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whom set the most recent sales record of vinyl records since 1991?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11644_s",
          "context": "Perhaps the most prominent . , including humans , were shaped by natural processes over long periods of time . The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology . Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society , and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of `` man 's place in the universe '' . In the early 20th century , the study of heredity became a major investigation after the rediscovery in 1900 of the laws of inheritance developed by the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel in 1866 . Mendel 's laws provided the beginnings of the study of genetics , which became a major field of research for both scientific and industrial research . By 1953 , the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms . In the late 20th century , the possibilities of genetic engineering became practical for the first time .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who rediscovered the heritage law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moravian monk Gregor Mendel",
                  "answer_start": 572
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rediscovered the laws of inheritance?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17577_s",
          "context": "While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu 's population to Australia , New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji -- 2006 -RRB- said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated . , the prime minister of Tuvalu , said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise `` should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself . For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the -LSB- rest of -RSB- world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573142d9e6313a140071cd9a_s",
              "question": "When did Prime Minister Mattia TOFA comment on not leaving Tuvalu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu? "
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18768_s",
          "context": "The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs . They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint . On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint . Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy . The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing . It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages . The most important urs are : urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore , urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore , urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan , urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore , urs of Hazrat Imam Bari -LRB- Bari Shah Latif -RRB- at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri -LRB- the murrshad of Bulleh Shah -RRB- in Lahore .",
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            "jhang",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the shrine of bukesh?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lahore",
                  "answer_start": 460
                }
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              "original_question": "Where is Buksh's shrine?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18080_s",
          "context": "The apse mosaic of the Gelati Monastery is a rare example of mosaic use in Georgia . , the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels . The use of mosaic in Gelati attests to some Byzantine influence in the country and was a demonstration of the imperial ambition of the Bagrationids . The mosaic covered church could compete in magnificence with the churches of Constantinople . , lesser known sites . The destroyed 6th century mosaic floors in the Pitsunda Cathedral have been inspired by Roman prototypes . In Tsromi the tesserae are still visible on the walls of the 7th-century church but only faint lines hint at the original scheme . Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the central theme of the tsrumi mosaic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christ",
                  "answer_start": 683
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the central theme of the mosaics at Tsromi?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10193_s",
          "context": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens -LRB- despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations -RRB- -- the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law . The law created three categories of citizenship : citizenship , associate citizenship , and naturalised citizenship . Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin , Kayah -LRB- Karenni -RRB- , Karen , Chin , Burman , Rakhine , Shan , Kaman , or Zerbadee . , but can prove they have one grandparent , or pre-1823 ancestor , who was a citizen of another country . The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them -- this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma , while the Rohingya people have been described as `` among the world 's least wanted '' and `` one of the world 's most persecuted minorities . '' But the origin of ` most persecuted minority ' statement is unclear .",
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            {
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              "question": "When does Myanmar's citizenship law come into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the citizenship laws placed into effect in Burma ?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9984_s",
          "context": ". She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake , wearing a wedding dress and white gloves . The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history . , Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance . The next hit was `` Material Girl '' promoted by her video . While filming this video , Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. . They married on her birthday in 1985 . Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide . , according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough , Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone , but he rejected her .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When did Madonna marry Sean Penn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on her birthday in 1985",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Madonna married Sean Penn?"
            }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3379_s",
          "context": "The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N.",
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              "question": "Where will Beidou system 2 start to provide services in 2012?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Asia-Pacific region",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services in 2012?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-55_s",
          "context": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields . Alumni working in political fields include state governors . A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus . A number of university heads are alumni . Additionally , many alumni are in the media . With the university having high profile sports teams itself , a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university , including professional baseball , basketball , football , and ice hockey players .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who won the Nobel Prize in Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Eric F. Wieschaus",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which Notre Dame alum from the College of Science won a Nobel Prize?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10961_s",
          "context": "The Federal Constitution adopted in 1848 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state . It is among the oldest constitutions in the world . , but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure . It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs , divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority . There are three main governing bodies on the federal level : the bicameral parliament -LRB- legislative -RRB- , the Federal Council -LRB- executive -RRB- and the Federal Court -LRB- judicial -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When was the Swiss Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When was Switzerland's Federal Constitution adopted?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-769_s",
          "context": "One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover , Virginia , in 1966 : a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral . Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers , which ranged from amusement to fury ; those letters expressing the most outrage , however , complained about Mayella Ewell 's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape . Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book 's appropriateness for the classroom , Harper Lee sent $ 10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of `` the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice '' . -- after Little Black Sambo .",
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              "question": "When was the first big controversy in this book?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 87
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              "original_question": "When was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12255_s",
          "context": ", Julia Tuttle '' , a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native . In the late 19th century , reports described the area as a promising wilderness . '' The Great Freeze of 1894 . Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler , a railroad tycoon . '' , 1896 with a population of just over 300 .",
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              "question": "Where was Julia Tuttle born?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where was Julia Tuttle born?"
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          "context": "Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube 's running costs , and YouTube 's revenues in 2007 were noted as `` not material '' in a regulatory filing . In June 2008 , noting progress in advertising sales . In January 2012 , it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site , in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical U.S. citizen watching television . In 2012 , YouTube 's revenue from its ads program was estimated at 3.7 billion . , others estimated 4.7 billion ,",
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              "question": "Who doesn't report YouTube's financial documents?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7588_s",
          "context": ". They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world . Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war , Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown , which was designed by Norman Hartnell . In post-war Britain , it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh 's German relations , including his three surviving sisters , to be invited to the wedding . The Duke of Windsor , was not invited either .",
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              "question": "Who designed Elizabeth's wedding dress?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Norman Hartnell",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "Subsequently , it became one of Britain 's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey . The practice spread to include generals , admirals , politicians , buried on 4 April 1727 , buried 26 April 1882 . Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations , buried on 3 August 1833 . Wilberforce was buried in the north transept , close to his friend , the former Prime Minister , William Pitt . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?",
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              "original_question": "Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?"
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          "context": "Subsequently , in October 2001 , U.S. forces -LRB- with UK and coalition allies -RRB- invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime . On 7 October 2001 , the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets . Kabul , the capital city of Afghanistan , fell by mid-November . The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan , mainly Tora Bora . , Coalition forces -LRB- the U.S. and its allies -RRB- fought within that region . It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle .",
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              "question": "When did the U.S. begin air strikes on Afghanistan?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When did the US begin airstrikes on Afghanistan?"
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          "context": ". This position is currently held by former foreign minister Nabil el-Araby . , but it later returned to Cairo in 1989 . Gulf monarchies , including the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia , have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome its economic difficulties since the July 2013 coup .",
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              "question": "Who is the leader of the League of Arabia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nabil el-Araby",
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              "original_question": "Who is the leader of Arab League?"
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          "context": "During the 19th century , Paris was the home and subject for some of France 's greatest writers , Mérimée . Victor Hugo 's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting , the Notre-Dame de Paris . Another of Victor Hugo 's works , written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire , described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s . One of the most popular of all French writers .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the bells for Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Victor Hugo",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame?"
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          "context": ". Armenia later became a vassal state of the Seleucid Empire , but it maintained a considerable degree of autonomy , retaining its native rulers . Towards the end 212 BC the country was divided into two kingdoms , Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene including Commagene or Armenia Minor . The kingdoms became so independent from Seleucid control that Antiochus III the Great waged war on them during his reign and replaced their rulers .",
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              "id": "5725df1cec44d21400f3d705_s",
              "question": "Who attacked them when Armenia was too far away from Seleucid rule?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antiochus III the Great",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
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              "original_question": "Who attacked Armenia when they became too distant from Seleucid rule?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4929_s",
          "context": "If Norman was apparently attempting to change British policy , it was perhaps William Miller -LRB- 1864 -- 1945 -RRB- , who did the most in that direction . In essence , he signed the death warrant , so to speak , of the Age of Empires . , 1898 , 1894 , 1896 , 1897 and 1898 , and to be , in essence . Apart from the fact that he attended Oxford and played Rugby not many biographical details have been promulgated . He was in effect -LRB- whatever his formal associations if any -RRB- a point man of British near eastern intelligence .",
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              "question": "Where does Miller study?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Miller attend school?"
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          "context": "The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction : the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule -- Boltzmann law -LRB- 1879 -- 84 -RRB- . But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature , so that `` white hot '' is hotter than `` red hot '' . Nevertheless , Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures , by using the principle of adiabatic invariance . At each different temperature , the curve is moved over by Wien 's displacement law -LRB- 1893 -RRB- . Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object , which was correct at high frequencies -LRB- short wavelength -RRB- but not at low frequencies -LRB- long wavelength -RRB- . It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has -LRB- see diagram -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who found the mathematical relationship between the peak value and the light curve at different temperatures?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm Wien",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11374_s",
          "context": "Since 2002 , the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram , an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law . At the same time , neighbouring countries , Benin , Chad , Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries .",
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            {
              "id": "5726be4ddd62a815002e8f23_s",
              "question": "When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 6
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              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-909_s",
          "context": ". Donna Haraway 's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term . Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built , specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "american anthropological association"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e0d64776f419006613ff_s",
              "question": "Who made a declaration on cyborgs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Donna Haraway",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published a Cyborg Manifesto?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12354_s",
          "context": "The phonautograph, patented by Léon Scott in 1857, used a vibrating diaphragm and stylus to graphically record sound waves as tracings on sheets of paper, purely for visual analysis and without any intent of playing them back. In the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008. Along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound.",
          "c_entity": [
            "léon scott"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572778755951b619008f8aba_s",
              "question": "Who applied for the patent of the phonograph?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Léon Scott",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "By whom was the phonautograms patented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12923_s",
          "context": "Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods . In April 2008 , the city announced a $ 300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods , financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15 % of the wagering tax . The city 's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois , Brightmoor , East English Village , Grand River/Greenfield , North End . Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts . Additionally , the city has cleared a 1,200-acre -LRB- 490 ha -RRB- section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction , which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan . In 2011 , Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods .",
          "c_entity": [
            "osborn",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d2c1ff5b5019007d9619_s",
              "question": "Who was mayor of Detroit in 2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mayor Bing",
                  "answer_start": 717
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-72_s",
          "context": "At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year for I Am , Record of the Year for `` Halo '' , and Song of the Year for `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' , among others . She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist . In 2010 . The song topped the US Pop Songs chart . `` Telephone '' received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nielsen top",
            "mariah carey",
            "lauryn hill",
            "lady gaga",
            "beyoncé",
            "sasha fierce"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b5_s",
              "question": "Who is Beyonce nominated the most in a year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lauryn Hill",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3455_s",
          "context": "In Andorra, Catalan has always been the sole official language. Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several Andorranization policies have been enforced, like Catalan medium education.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e15083e3433e1400422dab_s",
              "question": "When was Andorra's constitution drafted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Andorran constitution produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10534_s",
          "context": "Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382 . Instead , he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg . The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim , and the result was an internal war . Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád . Both palaces were rebuilt and improved , and were considered the richest of the time in Europe . Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire , Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary , but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "11 years old",
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            "the beginning of the 15th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727299f708984140094da8d_s",
              "question": "When did Louis die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1382",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Louis die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4580_s",
          "context": "Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues -LRB- probably before 37 BC -RRB- . , in whose poetry he is often mentioned , and Varius Rufus , who later helped finish the Aeneid .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4a_s",
              "question": "Who helped end Enid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Varius Rufus",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped finish the Aeneid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1790_s",
          "context": "Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet . In the United Kingdom , for example . Prior to then , it was the entire government that made the request . Similarly , though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1937",
            "earlier 1922",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9561_s",
              "question": "When was the power to dissolve parliament given to the prime minister in Ireland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1937",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15776_s",
          "context": "Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960 . -- neon laser was invented , and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography , and in education . Red helium -- neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players . The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players , which use a 660 nm laser diode technology . , red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers . Portable , high-powered versions are also available for various applications . , 671 nm diode-pumped solid state -LRB- DPSS -RRB- lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems , particle image velocimetry , Raman spectroscopy , and holography .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960",
            "recently",
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            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573140efa5e9cc1400cdbdc7_s",
              "question": "When was the first ruby laser invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first ruby laser invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-223_s",
          "context": "Fryderyk 's father . , and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska , a poor relative of the Skarbeks , one of the families for whom he worked . Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday , 23 April 1810 , in the same church where his parents had married , in Brochów . His eighteen-year-old godfather , for whom he was named . Fryderyk was the couple 's second child and only son ; he had an elder sister -- 55 -RRB- , and two younger sisters -- 27 -RRB- . , and insisted on the use of the Polish language in the household .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "justyna krzyżanowska",
            "ludwika",
            "fryderyk skarbek",
            "emilia",
            "lorraine",
            "izabela"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89113_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin marry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Justyna Krzyżanowska",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Chopin's father married who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8168_s",
          "context": "On 17 March 1883 , she fell down some stairs at Windsor , which left her lame until July ; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter . Brown died 10 days after her accident , and to the consternation of her private secretary . , who had both seen early drafts , advised Victoria against publication , on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair . The manuscript was destroyed . In early 1884 , a sequel to her earlier book , which she dedicated to her `` devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown '' . On the day after the first anniversary of Brown 's death , Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son , had died in Cannes . He was `` the dearest of my dear sons '' , she lamented . The following month . After a year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
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            "beatrice",
            "rhine",
            "henry of battenberg",
            "prince louis of battenberg",
            "randall davidson",
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            "henry ponsonby",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724f58b0ba9f01400d97be4_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Queen Victoria a never published biography?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Brown",
                  "answer_start": 549
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Queen Victoria write a biography about that was never published? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13821_s",
          "context": "In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut. On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree \"on the expulsion and deportation\" from Baltic states of \"all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists\", and others.",
          "c_entity": [
            "12 january 1949"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b2d64b864d1900164c4b_s",
              "question": "When did the Council of Ministers issue a statement calling for the expulsion of Estonian indigenous people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "12 January 1949",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4470_s",
          "context": "A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed . In 1834 , Captain DonSette and his crew were killed . Similarly , in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship . Later that year a whaler 's boat crew were killed . The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft , which was a common practice . In 1857 , two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon , living among the natives through at least 1870 . : 3",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ebon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a084d_s",
              "question": "Where have missionaries lived since 1857?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ebon",
                  "answer_start": 508
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did missionaries live as of 1857?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1330_s",
          "context": "Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "caleb johnson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3823359d6e414001465ad_s",
              "question": "Who won season 13 American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caleb Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won season 13 of American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10685_s",
          "context": "One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli 's The Prince , written between 1511 -- 12 and published in 1532 , after Machiavelli 's death . That work , as well as The Discourses , a rigorous analysis of the classical period , did much to influence modern political thought in the West . At any rate , Machiavelli presents a pragmatic and somewhat consequentialist view of politics , whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end -- i.e. , the secure and powerful state . , well known for his theory of the social contract , goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance . , they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual . It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269e71dd62a815002e8b26_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the prince?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Niccolò Machiavelli",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The  Prince?"
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13426_s",
          "context": ", was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012 . The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña , Finland , and Slovenia were put forward and no decision made by May . After a long political battle .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572807653acd2414000df29d_s",
              "question": "Who is Spaniard and who wants to take over the board seat of jospar 233 Manuel Gonz combe 225lez-p2225?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3091_s",
          "context": "In 1858 , in the name of the French government . It is still French property , administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e03a4d231d4119001abffa_s",
              "question": "Who has the right to control Longwood building?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "French Ministry of Foreign Affairs",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has authority over Longwood house?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6966_s",
          "context": ". Growing building activity culminated in a `` land boom '' which , reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value . As a result of the boom , large commercial buildings , coffee palaces , terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city . , resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings ; most notably the APA Building , amongst the world 's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889 . This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e5daf0dc6ce1900204fae_s",
              "question": "When was APA building built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 470
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the APA Building completed?"
            }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1573_s",
          "context": "The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California , a spin-off of Countrywide Financial . Before its failure . , 2008 , was the fourth largest bank failure in United States history up until the crisis precipitated even larger failures , and the second largest failure of a regulated thrift .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "indymac bank",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733679bd058e614000b5a4f_s",
              "question": "Who are the Indians of southern California?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Countrywide Financial",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15407_s",
          "context": "In September 1975 , Gaddafi purged the army , arresting around 200 senior officers , and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution . In 1976 , student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi , and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students . , and introduced compulsory national service for young people . , who were persecuted as anti-revolutionary . In January 1977 , two dissenting students and a number of army officers were publicly hanged ; Amnesty International condemned it as the first time in Gaddafist Libya that dissenters had been executed for purely political crimes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "amnesty international",
            "muslim brotherhood",
            "rcc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317c2b497a881900248f7f_s",
              "question": "Who criticized the political execution of students and officers in January 1977?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amnesty International",
                  "answer_start": 498
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who criticized the political execution of students and military officers that occurred in January 1977?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18674_s",
          "context": ", F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work `` humanism '' but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James . In 1929 , Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley , John Dewey , Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann . , Clara Cook Potter , published Humanism : A New Religion . , Potter was an advocate of such liberal causes as , women 's rights , access to birth control , `` civil divorce laws '' , and an end to capital punishment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1929",
            "the 1930s",
            "the early 1920s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573284c406a3a419008acac8_s",
              "question": "When was the first humanist public organization founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1929",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first public group for Humanist founded?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10953_s",
          "context": "Switzerland was the last Western republic to grant women the right to vote . , after resistance . After obtaining suffrage at the federal level , women quickly rose in political significance , with the first woman on the seven member Federal Council executive being Elisabeth Kopp , and the first female president being Ruth Dreifuss in 1999 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1999",
            "1984",
            "1990",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727860fdd62a815002e9f78_s",
              "question": "When did Ruth Dreyfus become president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Ruth Dreifuss become president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8960_s",
          "context": "After the first two months of the conflict , South Korean forces were on the point of defeat , forced back to the Pusan Perimeter . In September 1950 , and cut off many of the North Korean attackers . , or into the mountainous interior . At this point , in October 1950 . Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951 . After these dramatic reversals of fortune , the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition , with the front line close to the 38th parallel . The war in the air , however , was never a stalemate . Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history , and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57260be6271a42140099d3ed_s",
              "question": "Where was the South Korean army pushed at the beginning of the conflict?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pusan Perimeter",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At the beginning of the conflict, where were South Korean forces pushed back to?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10822_s",
          "context": "At the request of the pope , he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees , which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million -LRB- 9891497 -RRB- information requests and produced over eleven million -LRB- 11.293.511 -RRB- answers about missing persons . , and meddling in politics , but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican . In 1944 . Montini 's admiration was almost filial , when he described Pope Pius XII :",
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            "montini",
            "luigi maglione",
            "pius xii",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a975708984140094cd38_s",
              "question": "Who does Montini want to have a brother with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Pius XII",
                  "answer_start": 469
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12760_s",
          "context": "In the 18th and 19th century , green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art . The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature , suitable for decorating bedrooms . Green was contrasted to the smoky grays and blacks of the Industrial Revolution .",
          "c_entity": [
            "goethe",
            "jean-jacques rousseau",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a1d5e6aef0514001552ab_s",
              "question": "Who is a French philosopher advocating natural virtues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a French philospher that celebrated the virtues of nature?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8156_s",
          "context": "In 1839 , Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories -LRB- both of whom Victoria detested -RRB- voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica . The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery . The Queen commissioned a Tory , Sir Robert Peel , to form a new ministry . , it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household , who were usually his political allies and their spouses . Many of the Queen 's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs , and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories . In what became known as the bedchamber crisis , Victoria , advised by Melbourne , objected to their removal . Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen , and consequently resigned his commission , allowing Melbourne to return to office .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1839",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722d0bdf6b826140030fc5f_s",
              "question": "When did Melbourne quit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1839",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Melbourne resign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13631_s",
          "context": "The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication. Early pet exposure may be useful. Results from exposure to pets at other times are inconclusive and it is only recommended that pets be removed from the home if a person has allergic symptoms to said pet. Dietary restrictions during pregnancy or when breast feeding have not been found to be effective and thus are not recommended. Reducing or eliminating compounds known to sensitive people from the work place may be effective. It is not clear if annual influenza vaccinations effects the risk of exacerbations. Immunization; however, is recommended by the World Health Organization. Smoking bans are effective in decreasing exacerbations of asthma.",
          "c_entity": [
            "world health organization"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728cf512ca10214002da864_s",
              "question": "Who reports immunization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "World Health Organization",
                  "answer_start": 880
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recoomends immunizations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8504_s",
          "context": ", following the collapse of militaristic Boulangism in the late 1880s , the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture . Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1900",
            "1893",
            "1880s",
            "1913",
            "2005",
            "1897"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f90b5951b619008f83c7_s",
              "question": "When did the militarism of brownism collapse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the late 1880s",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did militaristic Boulangism collapse?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6300_s",
          "context": "Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways . In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue . In the Aristotelian view all emotions -LRB- called passions -RRB- corresponded to appetites or capacities . During the Middle Ages , the Aristotelian view was adopted and further developed by scholasticism and Thomas Aquinas in particular . There are also theories of emotions in the works of philosophers such as René Descartes . In the 19th century emotions were considered adaptive and were studied more frequently from an empiricist psychiatric perspective .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baruch spinoza",
            "thomas aquinas",
            "david hume",
            "niccolò machiavelli",
            "aristotle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a6f996d058f1900182e5f_s",
              "question": "Who are the outstanding scholars and thinkers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Aquinas",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a notable scholastic thinker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16804_s",
          "context": "At the close of the 1991 season , a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall . The Founder Members Agreement , signed on 17 July 1991 by the game 's top-flight clubs , established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League . The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League , giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements .",
          "c_entity": [
            "17 july 1991",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e473d058e614000b64f3_s",
              "question": "When was the founding member agreement signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 July 1991",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which day was the Founder Members Agreement signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17850_s",
          "context": "Although his support had been essential to Shunzhi 's ascent , Dorgon had through the years centralised so much power in his hands as to become a direct threat to the throne . : 義皇帝 -RRB- , the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu `` prince of the blood '' -LRB- Chinese : 親王 -RRB- was so honored . Two months into Shunzhi 's personal rule , Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles , but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated . -LSB- b -RSB- to atone for multiple `` crimes '' , one of which was persecuting to death Shunzhi 's agnate eldest brother . More importantly , Dorgon 's symbolic fall from grace also signaled a political purge of his family and associates at court , thus reverting power back to the person of the emperor . After a promising start , Shunzhi 's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yi",
            "xuanye",
            "dorgon",
            "shunzhi",
            "hooge",
            "kangxi emperor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731338e05b4da19006bcea6_s",
              "question": "Who threatened the throne of Shunzhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dorgon",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a threat to Shunzhi's throne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12977_s",
          "context": "Immanuel Kant -LRB- 1724 -- 1804 -RRB- has formulated an individualist definition of `` enlightenment '' similar to the concept of bildung : `` Enlightenment is man 's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity . '' He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding , but from a lack of courage to think independently . Against this intellectual cowardice , Kant urged , `` Dare to be wise ! '' In reaction to Kant -- 1803 -RRB- argued that human creativity , which necessarily takes unpredictable and highly diverse forms , is as important as human rationality . Moreover : `` For Herder , and sense of common destiny , to a people . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann gottfried herder",
            "sapere",
            "bildung",
            "immanuel kant"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f60f3acd2414000df0e1_s",
              "question": "Who said the following? Enlightenment is the rise of human beings from their own immaturity.",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Immanuel Kant",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said the following statement? \"Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity\"."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-261_s",
          "context": "In April , he left for London , where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses . This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister . Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding .",
          "c_entity": [
            "london",
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c015_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin go during the 1848 revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "London",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18057_s",
          "context": "The last great period of Roman mosaic art was the 12th , free from the strict rules of eastern tradition and with a more realistic portrayal of figures in the space . Well-known works of this period are the floral mosaics of the Basilica di San Clemente , the façade of Santa Maria in Trastevere and San Paolo fuori le Mura . , the first example of this iconographic scheme . A similar mosaic , the Coronation of the Virgin , decorates the apse of Santa Maria Maggiore . The apse mosaic of San Crisogono is attributed to Pietro Cavallini . These mosaics are praised for their realistic portrayal and attempts of perspective . There is an interesting mosaic medaillon from 1210 above the gate of the church of San Tommaso in Formis showing Christ enthroned between a white and a black slave . The church belonged to the Order of the Trinitarians which was devoted to ransoming Christian slaves .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1290",
            "the 13th century",
            "1295",
            "order of the trinitarians",
            "1140",
            "1288",
            "1884",
            "1210"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731671005b4da19006bd120_s",
              "question": "When was the badge on the front door of the Church of Santo Tomasso?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1210",
                  "answer_start": 672
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the medallion above the gate of the church of San Tommaso?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16223_s",
          "context": "The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner . Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner 's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available `` rock oil '' -LRB- `` petr-oleum '' -RRB- seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka . In 1854 , Benjamin Silliman , was the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation . These discoveries rapidly spread around the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "krosno",
            "galicia",
            "new haven",
            "bóbrka"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f1de804bcaa1900d76753_s",
              "question": "Where was the first petroliferous mine built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bóbrka",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1493_s",
          "context": "Following the events in Olympia . Australian authorities stated that such a request , if it were to be made , would be refused . Chinese officials labeled it a rumor . Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators . , has said the ACCO would be taking `` thousands '' of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus , to support the torch relay . , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to `` turn up and put a point of view '' , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhang rongan",
            "chinese students and scholars association",
            "australian council of chinese organisations",
            "tony goh",
            "people's liberation army",
            "stephen smith",
            "chinese australian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb458_s",
              "question": "Who is the foreign minister who says he will agree to protest as long as the protest is peaceful?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stephen Smith",
                  "answer_start": 661
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7093_s",
          "context": "As for Mac OS , as well as memory addressing , networking , and co-operative multitasking . Also during this time , the Macintosh began to shed the `` Snow White '' design language , along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign . , becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products .",
          "c_entity": [
            "frogdesign",
            "apple industrial design group",
            "pascal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ce1a4b3d812140066d2d8_s",
              "question": "Who did Apple pay an expensive consulting fee to before doing its own work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frogdesign",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Apple pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16675_s",
          "context": "The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936 , when it was divided up into three separate entities -LRB- Armenian SSR , Azerbaijan SSR , and Georgian SSR -RRB- . Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule . They received medicine , food , and other provisions from Moscow , and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire . The situation was difficult for the church , which struggled under Soviet rule . After the death of Vladimir Lenin , Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vladimir lenin",
            "joseph stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb217947a6a140053cb9c_s",
              "question": "Who follows Vladimir Lenin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 519
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded Vladimir Lenin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6971_s",
          "context": ", with compensation paid to members of the association . , Governor Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales , and commissioned the first plan for the city , the Hoddle Grid , in 1837 . The settlement was named Batmania after Batman . However , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne , whose seat was Melbourne Hall in the market town of Melbourne , Derbyshire . On 13 April 1837 the settlement 's general post office officially opened with that name .",
          "c_entity": [
            "13 april 1837",
            "year",
            "1836",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e66100dc6ce190020500f_s",
              "question": "When did the official position begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "13 April 1837",
                  "answer_start": 424
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did the official general post office open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16607_s",
          "context": "From 1877 to 1878 , the area suffered a rash of stagecoach robberies . Most notable , however , were the two holdups committed by masked road-agent William Whitney Brazelton . Brazelton held up two stages in the summer of 1878 near Point of Mountain Station approximately 17 mi -LRB- 27 km -RRB- northwest of Tucson . , of Tombstone , Arizona fame was one of the passengers . Brazelton was eventually tracked down and killed on Monday August 19 , 1878 . Brazelton had been suspected of highway robbery not only in the Tucson area , New Mexico area as well . Fort Lowell , then east of Tucson , was established to help protect settlers from Apache attacks . In 1882 . , killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john clum",
            "frederick bode",
            "morgan earp",
            "prescott",
            "frank stilwell",
            "cowboy pete spence",
            "john j. valentine",
            "charles a. shibell",
            "florentino",
            "william whitney brazelton",
            "wells, fargo & co.",
            "virgil earp",
            "santa cruz",
            "benson",
            "bob paul",
            "marietta",
            "wyatt earp"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57340aabd058e614000b6858_s",
              "question": "Who is Tucson's most famous stagecoach robber?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Whitney Brazelton",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most famous stagecoach robber in the Tucson area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13717_s",
          "context": "The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period , which began 65 million years ago , and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous . Body fossils going back to the mid Ordovician , have been tentatively classified as oligochaetes , but these identifications are uncertain and some have been disputed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "251 to 245",
            "130 to 90",
            "472 to 461",
            "present",
            "65 million years ago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572833674b864d1900164704_s",
              "question": "When did the tertiary begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "65 million years ago",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Tertiary period begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10329_s",
          "context": "The Sun , during the Miners ' strike of 1984 -- 85 , and in particular the union 's president , Arthur Scargill . On 23 May 1984 , The Sun prepared a front page with the headline `` Mine Führer '' and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air , a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute . The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US , which was launched from British bases . Several civilians were killed during the bombing . , Right Maggie '' . That year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "clare short",
            "arthur scargill",
            "labour",
            "num",
            "the sun",
            "ron",
            "parliament",
            "thatcher"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726893c5951b619008f7626_s",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the miners' Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arthur Scargill",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was president of the Miners' union?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2169_s",
          "context": ", trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms , celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution , including steel-frame construction , which gave birth to high-rise superstructures . By mid-century , Modernism had morphed into the International Style , an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York 's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mies van der rohe",
            "marcel breuer",
            "minoru yamasaki",
            "philip johnson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e4c33039bdeb14003479c0_s",
              "question": "Who designed the twin towers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Minoru Yamasaki",
                  "answer_start": 410
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Twin Towers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2509_s",
          "context": "The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals , the Soviet Union -LRB- USSR -RRB- and the United States -LRB- US -RRB- , for supremacy in spaceflight capability . It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II , enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel . The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security , and symbolic of ideological superiority . The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites , unmanned space probes of the Moon , and Mars , and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon . The competition began on August 2 , 1955 , when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year , by declaring they would also launch a satellite `` in the near future '' . The Soviet Union beat the US to this , with the October 4 , and later beat the US to the first human in space , Yuri Gagarin , on April 12 , 1961 . The Space Race peaked with the July 20 , 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11 . The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions , and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations . A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo -- Soyuz Test Project , resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yuri gagarin",
            "sputnik",
            "venus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de9ed2cffd8e1900b4ba39_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to enter space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yuri Gagarin",
                  "answer_start": 1087
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first human in space?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-254_s",
          "context": ". The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer . Other film treatments have included : La valse de l'adieu -LRB- France ; Impromptu -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; La note bleue -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; and Chopin : Desire for Love -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george sand",
            "cornel wilde",
            "henry roussel",
            "hugh grant",
            "pierre blanchar",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e25_s",
              "question": "Who put Chopin in a song for people to remember?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cornel Wilde",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9195_s",
          "context": "The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs , a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon . At the end of the Carboniferous period . The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids -- sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles -- before giving rise to the proto-mammals -LRB- Therapsida -RRB- in the early Mesozoic era . The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era , after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago .",
          "c_entity": [
            "66 million years ago",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726224738643c19005ad070_s",
              "question": "When did non bird dinosaurs die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "66 million years ago",
                  "answer_start": 558
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3079_s",
          "context": ". The first governor , Captain John Dutton , arrived in 1659 , making Saint Helena one of Britain 's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean . A fort and houses were built . , the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island . The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown , in honour of the Duke of York , later James II of England .",
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          "context": "On February 8 , 2015 , at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards , making everyone think he was joking around . After the awards show , he should have given his award to Beyoncé '' . On February 26 , 2015 .",
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          "context": ", Lucas Place , and Locust Street . By the 1890s , owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings , the University began to move west . The University Board of Directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted , Olmsted & Eliot of Boston . A committee of Robert S. Brookings , Henry Ware Eliot , and William Huse found a site of 103 acres -LRB- 41.7 ha -RRB- just beyond Forest Park , located west of the city limits in St. Louis County . The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of `` Hilltop '' campus .",
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              "question": "When did Washington University begin to expand to the west?",
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          "context": "As one of the most successful teams in the country , Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain . They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related films . The film centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side , one of whose players is poisoned while playing . Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves and manager George Allison was given a speaking part . , the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby 's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular . Published in 1992 . The book was twice adapted for the cinema -- 89 title win .",
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          "context": ", however , early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s . , housed in the Fitzpatrick , Cushing , and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering , includes five departments of study -- aerospace and mechanical engineering , chemical and biomolecular engineering , civil engineering and geological sciences , computer science and engineering , and electrical engineering -- with eight B.S. degrees offered . Additionally , respectively .",
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              "question": "When did the Academy of science begin to offer engineering courses at Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the 1870s",
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              "original_question": "The College of Science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at Notre Dame?"
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          "context": "Various music journalists , critical theorists , and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time . , Madonna has transcended the term ` pop star ' to become a global cultural icon . '' , years before the Internet was massively used . Madonna was everywhere ; in the almighty music television channels , ` radio formulas ' , magazine covers and even in bookshops . A pop dialectic , never seen since The Beatles 's reign , which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality . '' : Women Writers on the Queen of Pop -LRB- 2012 -RRB- wrote that `` really , Madonna changed everything the musical landscape , the '80s look du jour , and most significantly , what a mainstream female pop star could -LRB- and could n't -RRB- say , do , or accomplish in the public eye . '' , has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to . '' Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art , the likes of which we will never see again .",
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                  "text": "Alan McGee from The Guardian",
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          "context": "In 1970 , the New Haven Black Panther trials took place , the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history . Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant . , the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters , college students , and New Left activists -LRB- including Jean Genet , Benjamin Spock , Abbie Hoffman , Jerry Rubin , and John Froines -RRB- , who amassed on the New Haven Green , across the street from where the trials were being held . Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred , and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals . The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration .",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the New Haven Black Panther trials take place in New Haven?"
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          "context": "These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835 . ; housing for them was developed south of South Street , and was later occupied by succeeding immigrants . They established a network of Catholic churches and schools . Anti-Irish . , immigrants from Russia , Eastern Europe and Italy ; and African Americans from the southern U.S. settled in the city . , the African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559 .",
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              "original_question": "When did the strike take place?"
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          "context": "Prior to Mendel 's work , the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance , which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring . Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis , which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction . Although Mendel 's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866 , Hugo de Vries , Carl Correns , and Erich von Tschermak , who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research .",
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              "question": "When was Mendel's work first published?",
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                  "text": "1866",
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              "original_question": "What year was Mendel's work first published?"
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          "context": "In the wake of the United States ' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states -LRB- including Delaware , Maryland , New York , and Pennsylvania -RRB- ; the Revel , which was Atlantic City 's second-newest casino ; and Trump Plaza , which originally opened in 1984 , and was the poorest performing casino in the city .",
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              "question": "When was trump square first opened?",
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                  "text": "1984",
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              "original_question": "What year did Trump Plaza originally open?"
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          "context": "The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002 . , firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces . In February 2010 . Peace talks are also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces . In September 2014 . , and the Obama Administration viewing it as a victory . In December 2014 , ISAF encasing its colors .",
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              "question": "Where did the Taliban rally in 2002?",
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                  "text": "western Pakistan",
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              "original_question": "Where did the Taliban regroup in 2002?"
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          "context": ". This meant that as frequency increased in the treble , recording amplitude decreased . Conversely , in the bass as frequency decreased , recording amplitude increased . Therefore , it was necessary to attenuate the bass frequencies below about 250 Hz , the bass turnover point , in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head . Otherwise , bass modulation became excessive and overcutting took place into the next record groove . When played back electrically with a magnetic pickup having a smooth response in the bass region , a complementary boost in amplitude at the bass turnover point was necessary . G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records , the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form .",
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              "question": "Who found that they made the instrument sound more natural and that there was an improvement in loudspeakers at the point of sale?",
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                  "text": "G. H. Miller",
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          "context": "Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner . Out of a total of 24 million votes . This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through . In an interview prior to season five .",
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          "context": "Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions . To the east of the highlands are the hot , arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country . The cooler , more fertile highlands , reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat . The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country , Emba Soira , is located in the center of Eritrea , at 3,018 meters -LRB- 9,902 ft -RRB- above sea level .",
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              "original_question": "Where is Emba Soira located?"
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          "context": "In 1661 another Jesuit , Johann Grueber , before heading on to Nepal . He was followed by others who actually built a church in Lhasa . These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri , who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture , language and Buddhism .",
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          "context": "On May 1 , 1960 . The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East -- West summit conference , which had been scheduled in Paris , 15 days later . Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out of his aircraft and was captured after parachuting down onto Russian soil . Four days after Powers disappeared . It speculated that the pilot might have fallen unconscious while the autopilot was still engaged , and falsely claimed that `` the pilot reported over the emergency frequency that he was experiencing oxygen difficulties . ''",
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          "context": "On the other hand , I2a1b1 -LRB- P41 .2 -RRB- is typical of the South Slavic populations . Haplogroup I2a2 is also commonly found in north-eastern Italians . According to original studies , Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen in the west Balkans sometime after the LGM , subsequently spreading from the Balkans through Central Russian Plain . Recently , Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2 into two clades -- N -LRB- northern -RRB- and S -LRB- southern -RRB- . He proposes that N is slightly older than S . He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians .",
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              "question": "Where is the origin of Hg i2a2 considered?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "west Balkans",
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              "original_question": "Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen where?"
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          "context": ". Initially receiving mixed reviews . They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll -LRB- 1974 -RRB- and Black and Blue -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . The latter included the track `` Stairway to Heaven '' , which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio . Deep Purple continued to define hard rock , particularly with their album Machine Head -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , which included the tracks `` Highway Star '' and `` Smoke on the Water '' . In 1975 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left , going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of the band the next year . 1970 saw The Who release Live at Leeds , often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album , and the following year they released their highly acclaimed album Who 's Next , which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers . Subsequent albums , including Quadrophenia -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , built on this sound before Who Are You -LRB- 1978 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who is the deep purple guitarist?",
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              "original_question": "Who was Deep Purple's guitarist?"
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          "context": "New sequencing technologies , such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool . A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson , one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA .",
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              "question": "Who recorded the complete genetic information in 2007?",
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                  "text": "James D. Watson",
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              "original_question": "Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?"
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          "context": "The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term \"Near East\" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or \"Far East,\" derived ultimately from Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\" The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. \"India This Side of the Ganges\" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as \"the Near East\" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term.",
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          "context": "In 1941 , Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3 , the world 's first working electromechanical programmable , fully automatic digital computer . , implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5 -- 10 Hz . Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard . It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects , pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers . Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system -LRB- used in Charles Babbage 's earlier design -RRB- by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse 's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable , given the technologies available at that time . The Z3 was Turing complete .",
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              "question": "When did Conrad Zul invent the Z3 computer?",
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              "original_question": "When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?"
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          "context": ". It is the highest judicial instance . The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem . The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State . A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court , other than the Supreme Court itself . The Israeli supreme court is both an appellate court and the high court of justice . As an appellate court , the Supreme Court considers cases on appeal -LRB- both criminal and civil -RRB- on judgments and other decisions of the District Courts . It also considers appeals on judicial and quasi-judicial decisions of various kinds , such as matters relating to the legality of Knesset elections and disciplinary rulings of the Bar Association . As the High Court of Justice -LRB- Hebrew : Beit Mishpat Gavoha Le'Zedek בית משפט גבוה לצדק ; also known by its initials as Bagatz בג `` ץ -RRB- , the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance , primarily in matters regarding the legality of decisions of State authorities : Government decisions , those of local authorities and other bodies and persons performing public functions under the law , and direct challenges to the constitutionality of laws enacted by the Knesset . The court has broad discretionary authority to rule on matters in which it considers it necessary to grant relief in the interests of justice , and which are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal . The High Court of Justice grants relief through orders such as injunction , mandamus and Habeas Corpus , as well as through declaratory judgments . The Supreme Court can also sit at a further hearing on its own judgment . In a matter on which the Supreme Court has ruled - whether as a court of appeals or as the High Court of Justice - with a panel of three or more justices , it may rule at a further hearing with a panel of a larger number of justices . A further hearing may be held if the Supreme Court makes a ruling inconsistent with a previous ruling or if the Court deems that the importance , difficulty or novelty of a ruling of the Court justifies such hearing . The Supreme Court also holds the unique power of being able to order `` trial de novo '' -LRB- a retrial -RRB- .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jerusalem",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
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              "original_question": "Where is Israel's Supreme Court located?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15033_s",
          "context": "In a speech before the Organization of American States in November 2013, Kerry remarked that the era of the Monroe Doctrine was over. He went on to explain, \"The relationship that we seek and that we have worked hard to foster is not about a United States declaration about how and when it will intervene in the affairs of other American states. It's about all of our countries viewing one another as equals, sharing responsibilities, cooperating on security issues, and adhering not to doctrine, but to the decisions that we make as partners to advance the values and the interests that we share.\"",
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            {
              "id": "572ac813111d821400f38d6a_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry talk to the organization of American States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in November 2013",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry speak to the OAS?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12027_s",
          "context": "As in the rest of the former Confederacy , North Carolina had become a one-party state , dominated by the Democratic Party . Impoverished by the Civil War , the state continued with an economy based on tobacco , cotton and agriculture . Towns and cities remained few in the east . A major industrial base emerged in the late 19th century in the western counties of the Piedmont , based on cotton mills established at the fall line . Railroads were built to connect the new industrializing cities . The state was the site of the first successful controlled , powered and sustained heavier-than-air flight , by the Wright brothers , 1903 . In the first half of the 20th century , many African Americans left the state to go North for better opportunities , in the Great Migration . Their departure changed the demographic characteristics of many areas .",
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            {
              "id": "57277abc5951b619008f8ae8_s",
              "question": "Where is the industrial base in North Carolina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "western counties of the Piedmont",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
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              "original_question": "Where did the major industrial base appear in North Carolina?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5832_s",
          "context": "In consequence to the Reform War , the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain , England , and France . On July 17 , 1861 . Spain , England , and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico , 1861 in which they agreed to take possession of several custom stations within Mexico as payment . , Manuel Doblado . , but the French delegation refused .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57070b9290286e26004fc847_s",
              "question": "Who is the foreign minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manuel Doblado",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Foreign Affairs Minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8471_s",
          "context": "The Russians avoided Napoleon's objective of a decisive engagement and instead retreated deeper into Russia. A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a series of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance. The Russians again avoided battle, although in a few cases this was only achieved because Napoleon uncharacteristically hesitated to attack when the opportunity arose. Owing to the Russian army's scorched earth tactics, the French found it increasingly difficult to forage food for themselves and their horses.",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the Russian defeated in Smolensk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what month were the Russians defeated at Smolensk?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2330_s",
          "context": "In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means \"little treasure,\" colloquial for \"honey\" or \"darling\" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.",
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              "question": "Where is Schwarzenegger's restaurant?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Santa Monica",
                  "answer_start": 60
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located?"
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          "context": "It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America . The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement , Nicolaus Zinzendorf , the Moravian Church , Lutheran pietism , Presbyterianism and Puritanism .",
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              "question": "Who is concerned with the beginning of evangelism?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nicolaus Zinzendorf",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2219_s",
          "context": "The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa , the Americas , and Asia , while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe , which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia . The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees , which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years ' War . An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700 . Observers at the time , and many historians since , have argued that wars caused the revolutions . , invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system . Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who is in charge of making the first radio?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Guglielmo Marconi",
                  "answer_start": 882
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for creating the first radio?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-594_s",
          "context": "A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 -- making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States -- with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island . In 1625 , construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island . The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan . The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie , a small band of the Lenape , in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders -LRB- about $ 1000 in 2006 -RRB- ; a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $ 24 worth of glass beads .",
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            {
              "id": "56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b12_s",
              "question": "Who bought Manhattan from the Canary Islands for the Dutch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Minuit",
                  "answer_start": 489
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-390_s",
          "context": "Many accessories have been made for the iPod line . A large number are made by third party companies , although many , such as the iPod Hi-Fi . Some accessories add extra features that other music players have , such as sound recorders , FM radio tuners , wired remote controls , and audio/visual cables for TV connections . Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike + iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector . Other notable accessories include external speakers , wireless remote controls , protective case , screen films , and wireless earphones . , Monster Cable , and SendStation .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56ce8d5daab44d1400b88875_s",
              "question": "Who makes pedal accessories for the iPod?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nike",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8150_s",
          "context": ", Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child , Beatrice , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control . For example .",
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            {
              "id": "5723b340f6b826140030fc82_s",
              "question": "When was Victoria's last child born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1857",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Victoria give birth to her final child?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13_s",
          "context": "The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928 . This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria . Though others had taken up this idea , their research was short lived and inconclusive . Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively , that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations . But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur 's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research . In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master 's degree accompanied the research program . , but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b2fe4776f41900661090_s",
              "question": "When did Notre Dame's aseptic life research begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4264_s",
          "context": "A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton . Southampton acquired city status .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f86ea1a6d7ea1400e1761a_s",
              "question": "When was the Royal Charter of Southampton named?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1952",
                  "answer_start": 19
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6885_s",
          "context": "Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent . , giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres -LRB- 180 and 900 per million square miles -RRB- at these times . Many of the stations are staffed year-round . An Orthodox church -- Trinity Church , opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station -- is manned year-round by one or two priests , who are similarly rotated every year .",
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              "id": "570def870b85d914000d7c09_s",
              "question": "When did the Trinity Church begin to work at Mount belline station?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2004",
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              "original_question": "When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14034_s",
          "context": "The word \"insect\" comes from the Latin word insectum, meaning \"with a notched or divided body\", or literally \"cut into\", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare, \"to cut into, to cut up\", from in- \"into\" and secare \"to cut\"; because insects appear \"cut into\" three sections. Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ἔντομος (éntomos) or \"insect\" (as in entomology), which was Aristotle's term for this class of life, also in reference to their \"notched\" bodies. \"Insect\" first appears documented in English in 1601 in Holland's translation of Pliny. Translations of Aristotle's term also form the usual word for \"insect\" in Welsh (trychfil, from trychu \"to cut\" and mil, \"animal\"), Serbo-Croatian (zareznik, from rezati, \"to cut\"), Russian (насекомое nasekomoje, from seč'/-sekat', \"to cut\"), etc.",
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              "id": "572913d3af94a219006aa044_s",
              "question": "When did the word \"insect\" appear in the document?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1601",
                  "answer_start": 583
                }
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              "original_question": "In what year did the word \"insect\" appear in a document?"
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          "context": "The 1980s ushered in the age of desktop computing . The dBASE product was lightweight and easy for any computer user to understand out of the box . C. Wayne Ratliff the creator of dBASE stated : `` dBASE was different from programs like BASIC , C , FORTRAN , and COBOL in that a lot of the dirty work had already been done . The data manipulation is done by dBASE instead of by the user , so the user can concentrate on what he is doing , rather than having to mess with the dirty details of opening , reading , and closing files , and managing space allocation . '' dBASE was one of the top selling software titles in the 1980s and early 1990s .",
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              "original_question": "Who created dBASE?"
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          "context": "In terms of impact on events , it was more than Napoleon 's personality that took effect . He reorganized France itself to supply the men and money needed for great wars . Above all he inspired his men -- Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers , for he inspired confidence from privates to field marshals . He also unnerved the enemy . At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806 , King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000 ; however , when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command , he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout . The force of his personality neutralized material difficulties as his soldiers fought with the confidence that with Napoleon in charge they would surely win .",
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              "id": "5726e200708984140094d4ad_s",
              "question": "Who led the Prussian army to overtake Napoleon in the battle of orstat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Frederick William III",
                  "answer_start": 408
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Prussian forces that outnumbered Napoleon at the Battle of Auerstadt?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3724_s",
          "context": ", between about 1245 and 1253 . It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872 . The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above .",
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              "id": "56e8f8170b45c0140094cda7_s",
              "question": "Who repaired Zhangwu in 1872?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir George Gilbert Scott",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who restored the chapter house in 1872?"
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        {
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          "context": ", for whom the City of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 . , the main campus is a 240-acre -LRB- 97 ha -RRB- parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools are located on a 25-acre -LRB- 10 ha -RRB- campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5727c22d4b864d1900163c95_s",
              "question": "When did the teaching of Northwest University begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1855",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did instruction begin at Northwestern?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom . Until 1817 , Princess Charlotte of Wales . , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte 's widower . , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who did Princess Charlotte marry before she died?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Leopold",
                  "answer_start": 231
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Princess Charlotte married to until her death? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8596_s",
          "context": "A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires , organized by the Spanish governor of that city . On 22 January 1724 , the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city , initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals `` guanches '' , `` guanchos '' or `` canarios '' . There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues .",
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            {
              "id": "5725b711271a42140099d083_s",
              "question": "Who are the important Italian residents?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jorge Burgues",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one significant early italian resident? "
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12814_s",
          "context": "In June 2009 , many of the world 's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed an EC-sponsored Memorandum of Understanding -LRB- MoU -RRB- , agreeing to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply -LRB- EPS -RRB- . The EU 's common EPS specification -LRB- EN 62684:2010 -RRB- references the USB Battery Charging standard and is similar to the GSMA/OMTP and Chinese charging solutions . , the International Electrotechnical Commission -LRB- IEC -RRB- released its version of the -LRB- EU 's -RRB- common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fecbff5b5019007d9a78_s",
              "question": "When did many of the biggest handset manufacturers sign a memorandum of understanding sponsored by the European Community?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "June 2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              "original_question": "When did many of the largest mobile phone manufacturers sign an EC-sponsored MoU?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12609_s",
          "context": "In 1995 the National Lottery granted money for a £ 4.6 m sports complex , 30 cricket squares , 24 football , rugby and hockey pitches and a gym . The College paid £ 200,000 and contributed 4.5 hectares of land in return for exclusive use of the facilities during the daytime only . , while the bursar claimed that Windsor . , director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit , described the decision as `` staggering '' given the background of a substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country , a matter over which , however , neither the College nor the UK Sports Council , had any control . The facility , which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre , opened in April 1999 .",
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              "id": "5727d8cc4b864d1900163e6e_s",
              "question": "Who built a sports center for Eton in 1995?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the National Lottery",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who granted money to Eton for a sports complex in 1995?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7996_s",
          "context": "Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially -LRB- cf. the one-drop rule -RRB- . , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dd9035569731900639063_s",
              "question": "When will people stop concealing these ancient cultural heritages?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-20th century",
                  "answer_start": 769
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did people stop hiding mutliracial heritage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17449_s",
          "context": "The last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great . After his death in 1132 the Kievan Rus ' fell into recession and a rapid decline . In 1169 . The sack of the city fundamentally changed the perception of Kiev and was evidence of the fragmentation of the Kievan Rus ' . By the end of the 12th century , the Kievan state became even further fragmented and had been divided into roughly twelve different principalities .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "kievan rus",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731365ea5e9cc1400cdbceb_s",
              "question": "Who was the last rouler to unite the region?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mstislav the Great",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last ruller to keep the region united?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18363_s",
          "context": "After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded \"the same air of elegant monotony,\" and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of \"humanized\" spaciousness. Although not fully accomplished, the \"Brasília utopia\" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the superquadras) flanked by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafes; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731dff4e99e3014001e638c_s",
              "question": "Who complains that Brazil is too monotonous?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simone de Beauvoir",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who complained that Brasilia was monotonous?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16576_s",
          "context": "The relational model , first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd , departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content , rather than by following links . The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables , each used for a different type of entity . Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems -LRB- DBMSs plus applications -RRB- . By the early 1990s , however , relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications , and as of 2015 -LSB- update -RSB- they remain dominant , Oracle . The dominant database language , standardised SQL for the relational model , has influenced database languages for other data models . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "ibm",
            "edgar f. codd",
            "microsoft"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f61e8b2c2fd1400568093_s",
              "question": "Who created the DBMS relational model?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edgar F. Codd",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the relational model of DBMS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14350_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , IBM launched Secure Blue , encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors . A year later , IBM unveiled Project Big Green , a re-direction of $ 1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency . On November 2008 , IBM 's CEO , Sam Palmisano , during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations , outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet . On March 1 , 2011 , IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet . On Aug 18 , 2011 , as part of its effort in cognitive computing , IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses . , and they consume less memory and power .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ibm",
            "sam palmisano",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729d6d76aef0514001550b3_s",
              "question": "Who was the IBM manager in November 2008?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sam Palmisano",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1519_s",
          "context": "In response to the demonstrations , the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation . State media and commentaries began to call for calm , such as an editorial in the People 's Daily which urged Chinese people to `` express -LSB- their -RSB- patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally , and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner '' . The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com , with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed . , evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott 's efforts online became even more evident , including barring searches of words related to the French protests , but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour 's stores at Beijing , Changsha , Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d98a32dc89441400fdb525_s",
              "question": "When did people protest against Carrefour's business in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10617_s",
          "context": "The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a \"chevet\". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726afd2dd62a815002e8cf7_s",
              "question": "Who is a prominent women's chapel dedicated to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Virgin Mary",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8117_s",
          "context": "The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans . , when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen . , the exploitation rights were granted to the Ottoman government and in 1912 , they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa . , the management passed to a French company , which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1912",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b0a5532177014007ea019_s",
              "question": "When was the power of the Ottoman Empire granted to Sima?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Ottoman rights given to the Simsa company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10766_s",
          "context": "Initially . In a letter of 9 August 1789 : `` England gazing with astonishment at a French struggle for Liberty and not knowing whether to blame or to applaud ! The thing indeed , though I thought I saw something like it in progress for several years , has still something in it paradoxical and Mysterious . The spirit it is impossible not to admire ; but the old Parisian ferocity has broken out in a shocking manner '' . The events of 5 -- 6 October 1789 , when a crowd of Parisian women marched on Versailles to compel King Louis XVI to return to Paris . In a letter to his son , dated 10 October he said , and a world of Monsters to be produced in the place of it ; and the late Grand Monarch makes a figure as ridiculous as pitiable '' . , requesting that he endorse the Revolution . : `` You may have subverted Monarchy , but not recover 'd freedom '' . In the same month he described France as `` a country undone '' . :",
          "c_entity": [
            "pitt",
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            "parliament",
            "louis xvi",
            "richard burke",
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            "laurence",
            "fox"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a993dd62a815002e8c53_s",
              "question": "Who wants Parisian women back in Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Louis XVI",
                  "answer_start": 522
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Parisian women want to return to Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15444_s",
          "context": ", in 1969 . She was the daughter of General Khalid , and was from a middle-class background . Although they had one son , their relationship was strained , and they divorced in 1970 . , née el-Brasai . They met in 1969 , following his ascension to power , when he was hospitalized with appendicitis ; he claimed that it was love at first sight . The couple remained married until his death . Together they had seven biological children -- 2011 -RRB- -- 2011 -RRB- -- 2011 -RRB- . He also adopted two children .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hannibal muammar gaddafi",
            "ayesha gaddafi",
            "khamis gaddafi",
            "fatiha al-nuri",
            "khalid",
            "safia farkash",
            "muhammad gaddafi",
            "saif al-arab gaddafi",
            "saif al-islam gaddafi",
            "idris",
            "obeidat",
            "hanna gaddafi",
            "milad gaddafi",
            "al-saadi gaddafi",
            "mutassim gaddafi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a7_s",
              "question": "Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Khalid",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4012_s",
          "context": "KU football dates from 1890 , and has played in the Orange Bowl three times . , under the leadership of Mark Mangino , the # 7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game , the FedEx Orange Bowl , with a 24 -- 21 victory over the # 3 Virginia Tech Hokies . This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history , in which the Jayhawks went 12 -- 1 -LRB- .923 -RRB- . The team plays at Memorial Stadium , adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field , weight room , and new locker room .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
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            "1890"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77365_s",
              "question": "When did you start playing on the football team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1890",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did KU start fielding a football team?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5276_s",
          "context": "In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, from which the term \"Romanesque\" is derived. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe. Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults. The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of façades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals. According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, \"virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings\", of which few survive. Simultaneous with the development in church architecture, the distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare.",
          "c_entity": [
            "c. r. dodwell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb8371b28b3419009f1dc8_s",
              "question": "Who noticed the spread of frescoes in Western churches in this period?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "C. R. Dodwell",
                  "answer_start": 905
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16482_s",
          "context": "Historical aspects of the Expo line route are noteworthy . Service was discontinued in 1953 but diesel-powered freight deliveries to warehouses along the route continued until March 11 , 1988 . The abandonment of the line spurred concerns within the community and the entire right-of-way was purchased from Southern Pacific by Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority . The line was built in 1875 as the steam-powered Los Angeles and Independence Railroad to bring mining ore to ships in Santa Monica harbor and as a passenger excursion train to the beach .",
          "c_entity": [
            "santa monica air line",
            "los angeles metropolitan transportation authority"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57303380a23a5019007fcf6b_s",
              "question": "Who bought the Expo route from the South Pacific?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Southern Pacific by Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought the Expo line from Southern Pacific?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16761_s",
          "context": "Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 , using a single-lens microscope of his own design . He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London . Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek 's most remarkable microscopic discovery . They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and , in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science . Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria -- as opposed to his famous `` animalcules '' -LRB- spermatozoa -RRB- -- taken seriously .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572febaaa23a5019007fcb3f_s",
              "question": "When was the first observation of bacteria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1676",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first time bacteria were observed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4751_s",
          "context": "The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kumba ialá"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c7fa9b226e1400dd0fd3_s",
              "question": "Who was elected president in the 21st election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kumba Ialá",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected president in the 2000 election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18680_s",
          "context": "Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs , interests , and abilities . Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of `` humanism '' until the late 19th and early 20th centuries , non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history . The Cult of Reason -LRB- French : Culte de la Raison -RRB- was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert . In 1793 during the French Revolution . In the 1850s , founded Positivism , a `` religion of humanity '' . This early group was democratically organised , with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences , philosophy , and the arts . The Ethical Culture movement was founded in 1876 . The movement 's founder , conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions . Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people 's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "father of sociology",
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            "pierre gaspard chaumette"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573287a106a3a419008acad1_s",
              "question": "Who founded religion based on deism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacques Hébert",
                  "answer_start": 530
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded a religion whose cornerstone was deism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5855_s",
          "context": "After running imperial military affairs in the states of Coahuila and Durango . On July 8 , heading toward Chihuahua . On the same day . Meanwhile , General Villagran surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo de Parral ; after a short two-hour battle . At the Battle of Parral , the French lost 55 men to the Republican forces . On August 13 , 1865 , the French forces with an estimated 2,500 men arrived at the outskirts of Chihuahua City , and on August 15 , 1865 , taking control of the state capital . Fearing the French would continue their campaign to El Paso del Norte , a secluded place in the mountains near El Paso del Norte , in August 1865 , . , but they feared altercations with American forces . , but his request was denied . , the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces . The French left the state on October 29 , 1865 . , 1865 and remained in the city until December 9 , 1865 when he returned to El Paso del Norte . Shortly after the president left Chihuahua City , 1865 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "terrazas",
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            "ciudad jiménez",
            "pyot",
            "ciudad juárez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570717a99e06ca38007e9409_s",
              "question": "Who does the Republican government declare responsible for the anti imperialist struggle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Villagran",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Republican government declared who in charge of the fight against the imperialists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12348_s",
          "context": "In 1988, with that preliminary phase of the project completed, Professor Skousen took over as editor and head of the FARMS Critical Text of the Book of Mormon Project and proceeded to gather still scattered fragments of the Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon and to have advanced photographic techniques applied to obtain fine readings from otherwise unreadable pages and fragments. He also closely examined the Printer’s Manuscript (owned by the Community of Christ—RLDS Church in Independence, Missouri) for differences in types of ink or pencil, in order to determine when and by whom they were made. He also collated the various editions of the Book of Mormon down to the present to see what sorts of changes have been made through time.",
          "c_entity": [
            "skousen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a65f4b864d190016396b_s",
              "question": "Who took over after the preparatory stage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Professor Skousen",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over after the preliminary phase?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9900_s",
          "context": "A similar struggle began in India when the Government of India Act 1919 failed to satisfy demand for independence . Concerns over communist and foreign plots following the Ghadar Conspiracy ensured that war-time strictures were renewed by the Rowlatt Acts . This led to tension , particularly in the Punjab region , where repressive measures culminated in the Amritsar Massacre . In Britain public opinion was divided over the morality of the event , between those who saw it as having saved India from anarchy , and those who viewed it with revulsion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next 25 years",
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            "march 1922"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684975951b619008f7549_s",
              "question": "When was the government bill passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Government of India Act passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15246_s",
          "context": "During the initial punk era , a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels . By 1977 , groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks ' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles . These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tony wilson",
            "buzzcocks",
            "geoff travis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572d3ee8b297151900c7ce90_s",
              "question": "Who put spiral scratches on their own labels?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buzzcocks",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16512_s",
          "context": "The school has many nationally and internationally acclaimed scholars in social security , health care , health disparities , communication , social and health policy , and individual and family development . Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health . The school 's current dean is Edward F. Lawlor . , with specific emphasis on : children , youth , and families ; gerontology ; health ; mental health ; social and economic development ; family therapy ; and management . The library maintains subscriptions to over 450 academic journals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "institute of public health",
            "edward f. lawlor",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffca0a23a5019007fcc0b_s",
              "question": "Who is the current Dean of brown school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward F. Lawlor",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Brown School's current Dean? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18645_s",
          "context": ", including The Bronx News , Parkchester News , City News , The Riverdale Press , Riverdale Review , The Bronx Times Reporter , Inner City Press -LRB- which now has more of a focus on national issues -RRB- and Co-Op City Times . Four non-profit news outlets , Norwood News , Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough 's poorer communities . The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press , Bernard Stein . -LRB- Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959 . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "city times",
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            "mount",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326b24b9d445190005eb11_s",
              "question": "Where does Stan study?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Bronx High School of Science",
                  "answer_start": 459
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Stein graduate from?"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14191_s",
          "context": "The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014 . , following London , Berlin , Madrid and Rome . , places Paris -LRB- 6.5 million people -RRB- second behind London -LRB- 8 million -RRB- and ahead of Berlin -LRB- 3.5 million -RRB- . The Paris Urban Area , or `` unité urbaine '' , is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city . It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region . According to INSEE , the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census , and third most populous in Europe , behind Istanbul and Moscow .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728da082ca10214002da985_s",
              "question": "Who created Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "INSEE",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created The Paris Urban Area?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2565_s",
          "context": ". After achieving orbit , named Eagle , began their descent . After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position , and a slight downrange error , Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters -LRB- 590 ft -RRB- , July 20 , 1969 -LRB- 3:17:04 pm CDT -RRB- . The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft . , July 21 -LRB- 9:56 pm CDT July 20 -RRB- , Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who was the first man to go to the moon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Armstrong",
                  "answer_start": 200
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1498_s",
          "context": ". , some waving Chinese flags . The event was presided over by the head of the country 's parliament , Kim Yong Nam . The North . Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik . The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower , which commemorates the national ideology of Juche , or `` self-reliance '' , created by the country 's late founding President Kim Il Sung , father of leader Kim Jong Il , who did not attend .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where does the relay start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Juche Tower",
                  "answer_start": 247
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the relay start?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1484_s",
          "context": "  India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.",
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          ],
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              "id": "56d96856dc89441400fdb408_s",
              "question": "When will torch visit New Delhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 17",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch visit New Delhi?"
            }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2351_s",
          "context": "Plymouth 's early history extends to the Bronze Age , when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten . , now called Plymouth . In 1620 , the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony . During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646 .",
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              "question": "Where is the earliest settlement near Plymouth?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mount Batten",
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              "original_question": "What was the location of the earliest settlement near Plymouth?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-206_s",
          "context": "Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as other US agencies. An NGO campaign group is Keep Antibiotics Working. In France, an \"Antibiotics are not automatic\" government campaign started in 2002 and led to a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, especially in children.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733cb484776f41900661258_s",
              "question": "When did the French overuse antibiotics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 654
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7562_s",
          "context": "Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that \"as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment.\" For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions.",
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            {
              "id": "57110273b654c5140001fab2_s",
              "question": "Who believes that avoidance of themes and inheritance systems allows for free interpretation of works and makes them an example of Egypt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Porset",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed the avoidance of thematic and heirarhical systems allowed free interpretation of the works and caused them to beomce an example of eglitarianism?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8617_s",
          "context": ", mainly for its banking sector and stability , although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate . , based in Montevideo . Almost 20 private banks , most of them branches of international banks , operate in the country -LRB- Banco Santander , ABN AMRO , Citibank , Lloyds TSB , among others -RRB- . There are also a myriad of brokers and financial-services bureaus , among them Ficus Capital , Galfin Sociedad de Bolsa , Europa Sociedad de Bolsa , Darío Cukier , GBU , Hordeñana & Asociados Sociedad de Bolsa , etc. .",
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              "question": "Where is the Bank of the Republic?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Montevideo",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Banco Republica based in?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10494_s",
          "context": "The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle . Norman Holmes Pearson , in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty . Popular among undergraduates , the program sought to instruct them in the fundamentals of American civilization and thereby instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose . Also during the 1940s and 1950s . ''",
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              "id": "5726b49d708984140094ce69_s",
              "question": "Who was the first professor of the American program?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Norman Holmes Pearson",
                  "answer_start": 91
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first professor for the American studies program?"
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          "context": "John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a \"powerful, barrel-chested body\" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou. John enjoyed reading and, unusually for the period, built up a travelling library of books. He enjoyed gambling, in particular at backgammon, and was an enthusiastic hunter, even by medieval standards. He liked music, although not songs. John would become a \"connoisseur of jewels\", building up a large collection, and became famous for his opulent clothes and also, according to French chroniclers, for his fondness for bad wine. As John grew up, he became known for sometimes being \"genial, witty, generous and hospitable\"; at other moments, he could be jealous, over-sensitive and prone to fits of rage, \"biting and gnawing his fingers\" in anger.[nb 3]",
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              "question": "Who became a jewelry expert?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "John",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became a connoisseur of jewels?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12454_s",
          "context": "`` Funday Night at the Movies '' was replaced in 2008 by `` Essentials Jr. '' , then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011 , which included such family-themed films as National Velvet , Captains Courageous and Yours , Mine and Ours , Jr. , The Music Box , Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278bc7708984140094e069_s",
              "question": "Who presided over essentials Jr from 2009 to 2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Lithgow",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7899_s",
          "context": "Two years later , the Emperor Valens , who favored the Arian position , in his turn exiled Athanasius . This time however , Athanasius simply left for the outskirts of Alexandria , where he stayed for only a few months before the local authorities convinced Valens to retract his order of exile . Some early reports state that Athanasius spent this period of exile at his family 's ancestral tomb in a Christian cemetery . It was during this period , the final exile , that he is said to have spent four months in hiding in his father 's tomb . -LRB- Soz. , `` Hist . Eccl . '' , xii ; Soc. , `` Hist . Eccl . '' , IV , xii -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where was Athanasius last exiled?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "outskirts of Alexandria",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Athanasius during his latest exile?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16417_s",
          "context": "Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE . The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda -LRB- Golla Konda - `` shepherd 's hill '' -RRB- , and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE . , whose seat of power was at Warangal , 148 km -LRB- 92 mi -RRB- northeast of modern Hyderabad .",
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              "id": "572f6b6104bcaa1900d7690f_s",
              "question": "When did the chaluki dynasty rule the Hyderabad area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "624 CE to 1075 CE",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8788_s",
          "context": "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837 , on the accession of Queen Victoria , who was the first monarch to reside there ; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion . While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour , the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious . For one thing , it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down , and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence . Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled , and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps , there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors . It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty . , her husband , Prince Albert , concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff , and with the design faults of the palace . However .",
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              "id": "5726129e38643c19005acfb1_s",
              "question": "When did Buckingham Palace officially become the Royal headquarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1837",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3145_s",
          "context": "ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0815f231d4119001ac221_s",
              "question": "Where are several public WiFi points available to the public?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jamestown",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8273_s",
          "context": ", over 300,000 Israeli citizens lived in West Bank settlements such as Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel , in cities such as Hebron and Gush Etzion . , there were 250,000 Jews living in East Jerusalem . 20,000 Israelis live in Golan Heights settlements . The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 -LRB- 6.5 % of the Israeli population -RRB- . Approximately 7,800 Israelis lived in settlements in the Gaza Strip , until they were evacuated by the government as part of its 2005 disengagement plan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c3d389a1e219009abe1e_s",
              "question": "When did the Israelis withdraw from the Gaza Strip?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 473
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were Israelis evacuated from Gaza Strip?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10043_s",
          "context": "Madonna 's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism . : An Encyclopedia of Issues , Viewpoints , and Voices , Volume 1 -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations , social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit , sexual imagery and lyrics , religious symbolism , and otherwise `` irreverent '' behavior in her live performances . ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex , nudity , style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice . '' , of sexuality , and of one 's social relations . In Doing Gender in Media , Art and Culture -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , the authors noted that Madonna , as a female celebrity , performer , and pop icon , is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates . , as powerful , and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women . ''",
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              "id": "5726ff29f1498d1400e8f1fb_s",
              "question": "Who launched a women's music revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started a revolution in music with women?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9615_s",
          "context": "The site where the Saint Petersburg Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city 's foundation in the early 18th century . , Schukin Dvor , Apraksin Dvor -RRB- until 1846 , when Count Essen-Stenbock-Fermor acquired the grounds to build an elite shopping mall for the Russian nobility and wealthy bourgeoisie . Stenbock-Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall , but also as a cultural and social centre for the people of St Petersburg . The edifice contained coffee-houses , confectioneries , panorama installations , an anatomical museum , a wax museum , and even a small zoo , or Passage through the Passage '' . Parenthetically , the Passage premises have long been associated with the entertainment industry and still remains home to the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre .",
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              "id": "5726751a5951b619008f732c_s",
              "question": "Who set up a shopping center for the social elite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Count Essen-Stenbock-Fermor",
                  "answer_start": 190
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded a shopping mall reserved for the most elites of society? "
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18326_s",
          "context": ", Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement 's seminal influence . , Colin Urquhart , Michael Harper , David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments . The Massey conference in New Zealand , 1964 was attended by several Anglicans , including the Rev. Ray Muller , who went on to invite Bennett to New Zealand in 1966 , and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars . Other Charismatic movement leaders in New Zealand include Bill Subritzky .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where was the Macy's meeting held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Zealand",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Massey conference held?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3419_s",
          "context": ", including Radio Garowe , Radio Daljir , Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug . Radio Gaalkacyo , formerly known as Radio Free Somalia , operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province . Additionally .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1c042cd28a01900c67b24_s",
              "question": "Where does gaalkacyo work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galkayo",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10877_s",
          "context": ". , 145 Piccadilly . They were a close and loving family . One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister , considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931 , J. H. Thomas .",
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            {
              "id": "57281684ff5b5019007d9cdd_s",
              "question": "Who suggested that the Duke be governor of Canada?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J. H. Thomas",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who advised against the Duke becoming the Governor General of Canada? "
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13032_s",
          "context": "James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that , `` Laws may be unjust , may be unwise , may be dangerous , may be destructive ; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect . '' George Mason agreed that judges `` could declare an unconstitutional law void . But with regard to every law , however unjust , oppressive or pernicious , which did not come plainly under this description , they would be under the necessity as judges to give it a free course . '' : `` When its existence as law is denied , that existence can not be proved by showing what are the qualities of a law . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d3cf3acd2414000ded7d_s",
              "question": "When was the Philadelphia conference held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1787",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Philadelphia Convention?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8965_s",
          "context": "On 8 September 1945 , U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel . Appointed as military governor -- 48 -RRB- . He established control by restoring to power the key Japanese colonial administrators , but in the face of Korean protests he quickly reversed this decision . The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People 's Republic of Korea -LRB- PRK -RRB- because it suspected it was communist .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states army military government",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572627b689a1e219009ac3f2_s",
              "question": "Who accepted Japan's surrender?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gen. John R. Hodge",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who accepted Japan's surrender?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4225_s",
          "context": ", Krashovans -LRB- in Romania -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "austria",
            "italy",
            "romania",
            "czech republic",
            "vojvodina",
            "burgenland",
            "kosovo",
            "hungary",
            "bačka",
            "slavonia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7488caef2371900625ab1_s",
              "question": "Where is clachovan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Romania",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Krashovans located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15889_s",
          "context": "The brief success of the Communists also fed into the hands of the British Union of Fascists (BUF). Anti-Semitic attitudes became widespread, particularly in London. Rumours that Jewish support was underpinning the Communist surge were frequent. Rumours that Jews were inflating prices, were responsible for the Black Market, were the first to panic under attack (even the cause of the panic), and secured the best shelters via underhanded methods, were also widespread. Moreover, there was also racial antagonism between the small Black, Indian and Jewish communities. However, the feared race riots did not transpire despite the mixing of different peoples into confined areas.",
          "c_entity": [
            "london"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57305a8e396df9190009609d_s",
              "question": "Where do anti Semitic attitudes first spread?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "particularly in London",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did anti-semitic attitude spread primarily?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13737_s",
          "context": "Likewise . In line with this reasoning , psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups , they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality . In small groups , morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation . However , it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups . Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits , humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups .",
          "c_entity": [
            "émile durkheim",
            "matt rossano"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c0541dfb02c14005c6b67_s",
              "question": "Who doubts that human beings create gods to create morality in social groups?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matt Rossano",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8884_s",
          "context": "After over a dozen more subpar seasons , in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise . One of his early GM moves brought in a young Phillies minor-league 3rd baseman named Ryne Sandberg , along with Larry Bowa for Iván DeJesús . -- 91 under Lee Elia , who was fired before the season ended by Green . Green continued the culture of change and overhauled the Cubs roster . , with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980",
            "1983",
            "1981",
            "1984"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572667e6708984140094c4f7_s",
              "question": "When did the cubs hire general Dallas green?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1439_s",
          "context": "In Greek mythology . In Norse mythology , a bloody , four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim . In Persian mythology , two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge . In Philippine mythology , Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan , god of thunder , is responsible for lightning . In Welsh mythology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kimat",
            "cerberus",
            "cŵn annwn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8ac_s",
              "question": "Who is tadakram's pet in charge of lightning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kimat",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5528_s",
          "context": "On 12 December 1911 , during the Delhi Durbar , then Emperor of India , while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy 's residence in the Coronation Park . , during their imperial visit . Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens -LRB- Sir Edwin from 1918 -RRB- , who first visited Delhi in 1912 , both leading 20th-century British architects . Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931 . , the Viceroy . Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain 's imperial aspirations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sobha singh",
            "consort",
            "george v",
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            "irwin",
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            "kingsway camp",
            "queen mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e3dd75f01819005e76fd_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the design of most of New Delhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edwin Lutyens",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for designing large parts of New Delhi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7031_s",
          "context": "; war recommenced in the aftermath of John 's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême . In order to remarry , John first needed to abandon Isabel , Countess of Gloucester , his first wife ; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place -- as a cousin . It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême . Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella , and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful , if rather young , girl . On the other hand , the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John : by marrying Isabella , John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony , which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine . -LSB- nb 5 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c54a7b3d812140066d11c_s",
              "question": "When did John decide to marry Isabella?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1200",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was John's decision to marry Isabella?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14826_s",
          "context": "In 1984 . He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush . In 2011 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hanns martin schleyer",
            "american economic review",
            "elizabeth ii",
            "margaret thatcher",
            "george h. w. bush"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a38cb1d04691400779866_s",
              "question": "Who gave Hayek the medal of freedom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President George H. W. Bush",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11243_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , he had written to Abu Ya ` far , the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan , offering his services . The new emir of Hamadan , hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding , incarcerated him in a fortress . War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn ; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and its towns , expelling the Tajik mercenaries . When the storm had passed , Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan , and carried on his literary labors . Later , however , accompanied by his brother , a favorite pupil , and two slaves , Ibn Sina escaped from the city in the dress of a Sufi ascetic . After a perilous journey , they reached Isfahan , receiving an honorable welcome from the prince .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c8445951b619008f7df1_s",
              "question": "Where will Ibn Sina escape to Hamadan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "city of Isfahan",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8150_s",
          "context": ", Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child , Beatrice , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control . For example .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about a month",
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            "1853"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724125f0ba9f01400d97b62_s",
              "question": "When was Victoria's last child born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1857",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was victorias final child born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9474_s",
          "context": "Pan-Germanism 's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars . The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution . Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes . Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries , ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs . Germans , for the most part , had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states . The new German nationalists , sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German -LRB- Volksdeutsche -RRB- people .",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann tillmann",
            "habsburgs"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295f556aef051400154da9_s",
              "question": "Who ruled central and Eastern Europe in the 19th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Romanovs and the Habsburgs",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17952_s",
          "context": "The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous indigenous civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores: The Olmecs, who flourished from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE in the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; the Maya in the Yucatan (and into neighbouring areas of contemporary Central America); the Purépecha in present-day Michoacán and surrounding areas, and the Aztecs/Mexica, who, from their central capital at Tenochtitlan, dominated much of the centre and south of the country (and the non-Aztec inhabitants of those areas) when Hernán Cortés first landed at Veracruz.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1200"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318658e6313a140071d02b_s",
              "question": "When will Olmec prosper?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Olmecs flourish?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3434_s",
          "context": ". During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon , and was widely used all over the Mediterranean . The union of Aragon with the other territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language . -- 39 -RRB- . However -- 75 -RRB- banned the language again .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
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            "1479",
            "19th-century",
            "1913",
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            "1659"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10bc0e3433e1400422b30_s",
              "question": "When did the decline of Catalan begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1479",
                  "answer_start": 220
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year started the decline of Catalan as a main language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11971_s",
          "context": "Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22 , 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral . Work that many children took part in was not always visible , legal , or paid . Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood . Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is , there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period . Due to this lack of documentation , it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century . The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits . , for example , died in November 1913 whilst still very young , a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked . Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278262dd62a815002e9f1d_s",
              "question": "Who colonized Brazil?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who colonized Brazil?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-512_s",
          "context": "Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo -LRB- 耿庆国 -RRB- . Geng , while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community , believed that `` the bigger the earthquake , the easier it is to predict . '' Geng had long attempted to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes ; Premier Zhou Enlai reportedly took an interest in Geng 's work . Geng 's drought-earthquake correlation theory was first released in 1972 . The same Yazhou Zhoukan article pointed out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes . In response , an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that `` earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint . '' The official also denied that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1976",
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            "10 days",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdce0b62d2951400fa685b_s",
              "question": "When was Geng's theory on dry earthquakes published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 575
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16671_s",
          "context": "Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I , their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 . , Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia , Georgia , and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic . This federation , however , when all three parties decided to dissolve it . As a result .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 1918",
            "28 may",
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            "1917"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fab15b2c2fd14005682f3_s",
              "question": "When was the Bolshevik revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Bolshevik Revolution? "
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7874_s",
          "context": ". Translated into several languages , it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity . Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth , the biography also resembles the life of his biographer Athanasius . It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a8a964faf5e1900b8aa4d_s",
              "question": "Who does Anthony look like in life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Athanasius",
                  "answer_start": 347
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose life did Anthony's resemble?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13346_s",
          "context": "Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids , artillery shelling and air strikes . This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal 's western bank . Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses , while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states . The war resumed in March 1969 . , Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november",
            "march 1969"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572832e92ca10214002da07f_s",
              "question": "When did the war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1969",
                  "answer_start": 385
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the war start up again?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10827_s",
          "context": ", where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate . , he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations , representing 42 national organizations . He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951 . : `` Apostolate means love . We will love all , but especially those , who need help ... We will love our time , our technology , our art , our sports , our world . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1957",
            "1951",
            "previously"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b1fcdd62a815002e8d1f_s",
              "question": "When was Montini's first meeting with the Catholic non religious association?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1951",
                  "answer_start": 254
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7990_s",
          "context": ", the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census , reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity , but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s . With a changing society , more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry . The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity . Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects , as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data . According to the Census Bureau , over 75 % of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s",
            "2002",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dda9db64a571400c71da5_s",
              "question": "When will the law allow more immigrants?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did laws allow for more immigrants?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3708_s",
          "context": ", coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey . In 1216 , and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral . This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper , and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220 . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry iii",
            "canterbury",
            "william the conqueror",
            "harold",
            "louis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8e8bf0b45c0140094cd5b_s",
              "question": "Who is usually the priest of the coronation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Archbishop of Canterbury",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1905_s",
          "context": ", Duke of Anjou to lead them , the duke left the Netherlands again . After the assassination of William of Orange -LRB- 10 July 1584 -RRB- , both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty . However , the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England -LRB- Treaty of Nonsuch , and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general . The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1585",
            "10 july 1584",
            "1583",
            "1588",
            "1582",
            "1648"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dddd6766d3e219004dad43_s",
              "question": "When was William murdered by orange?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 July 1584",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was William of Orange assassinated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7473_s",
          "context": ". John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order : `` Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE -LSB- status -RSB- received theirs for heroism in the war -- for killing people ... We received ours for entertaining other people . I 'd say we deserve ours more . '' Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests . Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs ; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e67880dc6ce190020502b_s",
              "question": "When did John Lennon return his MBE badge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 November 1969",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14536_s",
          "context": "After the Treaty of Utrecht -LRB- 1713 -RRB- , but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession . Charles had new houses built for the growing population , while trade and industry grew as well . However , by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples . Charles ' son Ferdinand , though disliked by the population . When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572963fb3f37b3190047831a_s",
              "question": "Where did the capital move in 1817?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Naples",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the capital city move in 1817?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9866_s",
          "context": "In 1578 , Elizabeth I granted a patent to Humphrey Gilbert for discovery and overseas exploration . , Gilbert sailed for the West Indies with the intention of engaging in piracy and establishing a colony in North America , but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic . , on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England , although no settlers were left behind . Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England , and was succeeded by his half-brother , Walter Raleigh . , Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina , but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572663c1dd62a815002e8368_s",
              "question": "When did Humphrey Gilbert first sail to the West Indies?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1578",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Humphrey Gilbert first set sail for the West Indies?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3088_s",
          "context": "Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "six years",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e038637aa994140058e3ad_s",
              "question": "When is it forbidden to import slaves into St. Helena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1792",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18663_s",
          "context": "In the 6th century BCE . The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV .24 , is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural . Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics , e.g. , Ji Liang says , `` People is the zhu -LRB- master , lord , dominance , owner or origin -RRB- of gods . So , to sage kings , people first , gods second '' , `` Gods , clever , righteous and wholehearted , comply with human . '' Taoist and Confucian secularism contain elements of moral thought devoid of religious authority or deism however they only partly resembled our modern concept of secularism .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327c59b9d445190005eb4b_s",
              "question": "Who can claim that human beings are essentially gods?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ji Liang",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12394_s",
          "context": "Through the 1960s , 1970s , and 1980s , various methods to improve the dynamic range of mass-produced records involved highly advanced disc cutting equipment . These techniques , marketed , to name two , were used to reduce inner-groove distortion . RCA Victor introduced another system to reduce dynamic range and achieve a groove with less surface noise under the commercial name of Dynagroove . Two main elements were combined : another disk material with less surface noise in the groove and dynamic compression for masking background noise . Sometimes this was called `` diaphragming '' the source material and not favoured by some music lovers for its unnatural side effects . Both elements were reflected in the brandname of Dynagroove , described elsewhere in more detail . It also used the earlier advanced method of forward-looking control on groove spacing with respect to volume of sound and position on the disk . Lower recorded volume used closer spacing ; higher recorded volume used wider spacing , especially with lower frequencies . Also , the higher track density at lower volumes enabled disk recordings to end farther away from the disk center than usual , helping to reduce endtrack distortion even further .",
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            {
              "id": "5727c9d34b864d1900163d1f_s",
              "question": "Who developed the dynarove format?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "RCA Victor",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the Dynagroove format?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4552_s",
          "context": "On 23 October 1501 , at Mielnik Polish -- Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik -LRB- Polish : unia mielnicka , unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka -RRB- . It was there that the tradition of the coronation Sejm -LRB- Polish : `` Sejm koronacyjny '' -RRB- was founded . Once again the middle nobility -LRB- middle in wealth , not in rank -RRB- attempted to reduce the power of the magnates with a law that made them impeachable before the Senate for malfeasance . The nobles were given the right to disobey the King or his representatives -- in the Latin , `` non praestanda oboedientia '' -- and to form confederations , an armed rebellion against the king or state officers if the nobles thought that the law or their legitimate privileges were being infringed .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8b_s",
              "question": "Where was the crown of Congress established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Union of Mielnik",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the  coronation Sejm founded?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14872_s",
          "context": "However , for his part . In his later life , he said , `` I am becoming a Burkean Whig . '' However . His essay has served as an inspiration to other liberal-minded economists wishing to distinguish themselves from conservative thinkers , for example James M. Buchanan 's essay `` Why I , Too , Am Not a Conservative : The Normative Vision of Classical Liberalism '' .",
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            {
              "id": "572abb9a34ae481900deac89_s",
              "question": "Who wrote an article in Hayek's why am I not conservative?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James M. Buchanan",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote an essay as a result of Hayek's \"Why I Am Not a Conservative\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11935_s",
          "context": "Both Roger Williams and John Clarke , his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom , are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America . In 1639 , Williams established a Baptist church in Providence , Rhode Island , and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport , Rhode Island . According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively . Exact records for both congregations are lacking . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727dcc53acd2414000dee4a_s",
              "question": "When was the first American Baptist church founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1639",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first American Baptist church established?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5808_s",
          "context": "In England . The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with `` repetitive beats '' . There were a number of abortive `` Kill the Bill '' demonstrations . The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten was probably the nail in the coffin for illegal raves , and forced through the bill , which became law , in November 1994 . The music continued to grow and change , as typified by Leftfield with `` Release the Pressure '' , which introduced dub and reggae into the house sound , although Leftfield had prior releases .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5706b81c0eeca41400aa0d99_s",
              "question": "When did the law become law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1994",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when did the bill become a law? "
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8791_s",
          "context": "Widowed in 1861 , the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle , Balmoral Castle and Osborne House . , even neglected . , a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace , saying : `` These commanding premises to be let or sold , in consequence of the late occupant 's declining business . '' Eventually , public opinion forced the Queen to return to London , though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible . Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle , presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725dba389a1e219009abfda_s",
              "question": "When did Prince Albert die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When year did Prince Albert die?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9140_s",
          "context": ", the Minister for Foreign Affairs . The current minister is Nikos Kotzias . According to the official website , the main aims of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs are to represent Greece before other states and international organizations ; safeguarding the interests of the Greek state and of its citizens abroad ; the promotion of Greek culture ; the fostering of closer relations with the Greek diaspora ; and the promotion of international cooperation . Additionally , due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe , Asia , the Middle East and Africa , Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance and is considered to be a middle power and has developed a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans , the Mediterranean , and the Middle East .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57265844708984140094c338_s",
              "question": "Who is the current foreign minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikos Kotzias",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
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              "original_question": "Who is the present Minister of Foreign Affairs?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-736_s",
          "context": "Born in 1926 , Alabama , where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote . -- 45 -RRB- -- 49 -RRB- . While attending college , she wrote for campus literary magazines . At both colleges , she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice , a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time . In 1950 ; there , she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville . Hoping to be published . , who bought the manuscript , advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing . Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab954_s",
              "question": "Who is Li, a famous writer, closely related to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman Capote",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the famous writer Lee became close friends with?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-116_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon. House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era. The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfe2a2a10cfb140055136a_s",
              "question": "When did Beyonce and her mother start to be Dylan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Beyonce and her mother start Dereon?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8195_s",
          "context": "In 1799 , English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation . In the wake of the French Revolution , the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation . The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt -LRB- who was not a Freemason -RRB- and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work . As a result , Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act , provided that each private lodge 's Secretary placed with the local `` Clerk of the Peace '' a list of the members of his lodge once a year .",
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            {
              "id": "5724f8f90a492a190043569e_s",
              "question": "Who do the masters call to explain that free masonry is not an illegal society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prime Minister William Pitt",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Grand Masters call upon to explain that Freemasonry was not an unlawful society?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10057_s",
          "context": "Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings , William , was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066 . William constructed the Tower of London , the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone , in the southeastern corner of the city , to intimidate the native inhabitants . In 1097 , William II began the building of Westminster Hall , close by the abbey of the same name . The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727eb304b864d190016401d_s",
              "question": "Who built Westminster Hall?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William II",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
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              "original_question": "Who built Westminster Hall?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8262_s",
          "context": "In 1992 , Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel 's neighbors . The following year . In 1994 , the Israel -- Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed , making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel . Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints , and the deterioration of economic conditions . Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks . Finally , while leaving a peace rally in November 1995 , Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mahmoud abbas",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bcfc38643c19005acc2b_s",
              "question": "Who became prime minister in the 1990s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yitzhak Rabin",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the Prime Minister in 1992?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4633_s",
          "context": "The rivers form lakes . In Germany , accessible only by boat or by climbing over the abutting peaks .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8a2749e9bad19000a0225_s",
              "question": "Where is the Medieval Church of Saint Bartholomew?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-348_s",
          "context": "While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet , it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north . '' However , after Altan Khan -LRB- 1507 -- 1582 -RRB- -- made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571 , he persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573 . ; it was also a relief to the Ming . , Chinese historians argue that he was simply a loyal Chinese citizen . By 1578 , Altan Khan formed a formidable Mongol-Tibetan alliance with the Gelug that the Ming viewed from afar without intervention .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cd8d2962d2951400fa66e9_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of tcosto252med Mongols?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Altan Khan",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16197_s",
          "context": ". to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment -LRB- 1800 -RRB- -LRB- when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form -RRB- . It is important to note that these terms stem from European history . In usage in other parts of the world , such as in Asia , and in Muslim countries , the terms are applied in a very different way , but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discovery .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572ef585cb0c0d14000f169e_s",
              "question": "When did the late enlightenment begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1800",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time period is referred to as The Late Enlightenment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7149_s",
          "context": "Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser . Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s . In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role . , some -LSB- who ? -RSB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4bd6b3d812140066d650_s",
              "question": "When did the staff start using lasers in combat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the late 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14321_s",
          "context": "At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6 , a motion was made contesting Ohio 's electoral votes . , election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion . , the motion was supported by 31 Democrats . It was opposed by 178 Republicans , 88 Democrats and one independent . Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats . , and one seat was vacant . In the Senate , it was supported only by its maker , Senator Boxer , with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting . During the debate , no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote . Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome , but to `` shed the light of truth on these irregularities . ''",
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              "id": "5729649b6aef051400154df0_s",
              "question": "Who is the only supporter of the Senate motion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Senator Boxer",
                  "answer_start": 447
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8998_s",
          "context": "On 27 September , no announcements of intended entry , nor a threat to counter our operations militarily . On 30 September , Defense Secretary George Marshall sent an eyes-only message to MacArthur : `` We want you to feel unhampered tactically and strategically to proceed north of the 38th parallel . '' During October , the ROK police executed people who were suspected to be sympathetic to North Korea , and similar massacres were carried out until early 1951 .",
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            "macarthur",
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            {
              "id": "5726c47d708984140094d0e3_s",
              "question": "Who sent MacArthur a message authorizing him to cross the 38th parallel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Defense Secretary George Marshall",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sent a message to MacArthur giving him the authority to proceed past the 38th parallel?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7575_s",
          "context": "In 1896 , sleepiness increases and decreases with a period of approximately 24 hours . In 1918 , J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light and changes in temperature . In the early 20th century , circadian rhythms were noticed in the rhythmic feeding times of bees . , the first discovered genetic determinant of behavioral rhythmicity . However , recent studies show that deletion of clock does not lead to a behavioral phenotype -LRB- the animals still have normal circadian rhythms -RRB- , which questions its importance in rhythm generation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ingeborg beling",
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            "auguste forel",
            "seymour benzer",
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            "gilbert",
            "ron konopka"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f44b95ab6b81900390ebe_s",
              "question": "Who proved that animals can keep moving without changing the light and temperature?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J.S. Szymanski",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who showed the animals could maintain activity in the absence of light and temperature changes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8034_s",
          "context": "While highly effective , the requirement for injection limited the use of norepinephrine -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- and orally active derivatives were sought . A structurally similar compound , ephedrine . , academic chemist Gordon Alles synthesized amphetamine and tested it in asthma patients in 1929 . The drug proved to have only modest anti-asthma effects , but produced sensations of exhilaration and palpitations . Amphetamine was eventually developed for the treatment of narcolepsy , post-encepheletic parkinsonism , and mood elevation in depression and other psychiatric indications .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eli lilly",
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            "george barger",
            "smith",
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            "gordon alles"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a7b594faf5e1900b8a9d2_s",
              "question": "Who synthesized amphetamine to treat asthma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gordon Alles",
                  "answer_start": 231
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who synthesized Amphetamine for asthma?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1500_s",
          "context": "Vietnam : The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29 . Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route . Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China -LRB- and other countries -RRB- for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands ? -RSB- following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories . However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay , with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that `` hostile forces '' may try to disrupt the torch relay .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "april 29"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d972eadc89441400fdb48e_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Vietnam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 29",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Vietnam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2399_s",
          "context": ", which opened in October 2006 . It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already `` ten years out of date '' . In contrast , the Theatre Royal 's production and education centre , TR2 , which was built on wasteland at Cattedown , was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "david mackay",
            "charles cross"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df6e3756340a1900b29b26_s",
              "question": "Who said about the Drake circus shopping center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Mackay",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-228_s",
          "context": "During 1824 -- 28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw , at a number of locales . -LSB- n 4 -RSB- In 1824 and 1825 , at Szafarnia , he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski , the father of a schoolmate . Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music . His letters home from Szafarnia -LRB- to which he gave the title `` The Szafarnia Courier '' -RRB- , written in a very modern and lively Polish , amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster 's literary gift .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chopin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf64e34df3c31400b0d6f9_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin spend his holidays with during the holidays of 1824 and 1825?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dominik Dziewanowski",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8178_s",
          "context": "By 1836 , the Duchess 's brother , who had been King of the Belgians since 1831 , hoped to marry his niece to his nephew , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . William IV , however , disapproved of any match with the Coburgs , second son of the Prince of Orange . According to her diary . After the visit she wrote ; his hair is about the same colour as mine ; his eyes are large and blue , and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth ; but the charm of his countenance is his expression , which is most delightful . '' , on the other hand , was `` very plain '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
            "william iv",
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            "duke of saxe-coburg",
            "ernest",
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            "alexander"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725231f0a492a190043570a_s",
              "question": "Who refused to marry Victoria and Albert?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William IV",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16678_s",
          "context": ". In May 1990 . The violence resulted in the deaths of five Armenians killed in a shootout with the MVD at the railway station . Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mvd",
            "gorbachev",
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            "soviet internal security forces",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb50004bcaa1900d76c21_s",
              "question": "Who started the fight between MVD and NAA in 1918?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the MVD",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started the fight between the MVD and the NAA in 1918?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14921_s",
          "context": "`` The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam . '' `` When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese , he would invite scholars from the Islamic world -- for example , Murad II brought scholars from Persia , such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fakhr al-Dīn who helped enhance the reputation of the Ottoman medrese '' . This reveals that the Islamic world was interconnected in the early modern period as they travelled around to other Islamic states exchanging knowledge . This sense that the Ottoman Empire was becoming modernised through globalization is also recognised by Hamadeh who says . '' İnalcık also mentions that while scholars from for example Persia travelled to the Ottomans in order to share their knowledge , Ottomans travelled as well to receive education from scholars of these Islamic lands , such as Egypt , Persia and Turkestan . Hence , individuals from the early modern society travelled abroad to receive education and share knowledge and that the world was more interconnected than it seems . Also . Examples of Ottoman madaris are the ones built by Mehmed the Conqueror . He built eight madaris that were built `` on either side of the mosque where there were eight higher madaris for specialised studies and eight lower medreses , which prepared students for these . '' The fact that they were built around , or near mosques reveals the religious impulses behind madrasa building and it reveals the interconnectedness between institutions of learning and religion . The students who completed their education in the lower medreses became known as danismends . , the Ottomans ' educational system involved different kinds of schools attached to different kinds of levels . For example , there were lower madaris and specialised ones , and for one to get into the specialised area meant that he had to complete the classes in the lower one in order to adequately prepare himself for higher learning .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a84d3f75d5e190021fb3c_s",
              "question": "When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1331",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-246_s",
          "context": "Although this period had been productive , the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin 's health that Sand determined to leave the island . To avoid further customs duties , Sand sold the piano to a local French couple , the Canuts . , where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced . In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand 's estate at Nohant , where they spent most summers until 1846 . He frequently visited Sand in the evenings , but both retained some independence . In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans , living in adjacent buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cfde92234ae51400d9bfb9_s",
              "question": "Where is Sander's house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nohant",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Sand's home?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17871_s",
          "context": "The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fight the rebels. In 1854, Britain tried to re-negotiate the Treaty of Nanjing, inserting clauses allowing British commercial access to Chinese rivers and the creation of a permanent British embassy at Beijing.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573145e5497a881900248d37_s",
              "question": "When did Britain try to change the Nanjing Treaty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1854",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the British try to redo the Treaty of Nanjing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1335_s",
          "context": "Since the show 's inception in 2002 , ten of the fourteen Idol winners , including its first five , have come from the Southern United States . A large number of other notable finalists during the series ' run have also hailed from the American South , including Clay Aiken , Kellie Pickler , and Chris Daughtry , who are all from North Carolina . , an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48 % have some connection to the Southern United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3841059d6e414001465f0_s",
              "question": "When did American Idol start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did American Idol begin? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-638_s",
          "context": "New York City is home to Fort Hamilton , the U.S. military 's only active duty installation within the city . Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution , it is one of America 's longest serving military forts . It also houses the 1179th Transportation Brigade , the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron , and a military entrance processing station . Other formerly active military reservations still utilized for National Guard and military training or reserve operations in the city include Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island and Fort Totten in Queens .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf3297aab44d1400b88e12_s",
              "question": "When was Hamilton Fort founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Fort Hamilton founded?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8890_s",
          "context": "In the NLCS . With wins of 13 -- 0 and 4 -- 2 , the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series . After being beaten in Game 3 7 -- 1 , with the game tied 5 -- 5 . In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3 -- 0 lead into the 6th inning , and a 3 . Then . -- 3 . The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs , one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "tony gwynn",
            "cubs",
            "steve garvey",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266ef3dd62a815002e84aa_s",
              "question": "Who easily won the first two national college basketball leagues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": ", the Cubs",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who easily won the first two games in the NLCS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16413_s",
          "context": "Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah . In 1724 , known as the Nizams of Hyderabad . , and remained so for 150 years , with the city serving as its capital . The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948 , and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act , 1956 . Since 1956 , Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of the President of India . In 2014 , the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states , a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2025 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mughals",
            "nizami",
            "asif jah",
            "raj",
            "muhammad quli qutb shah"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572efb57dfa6aa1500f8d518_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of Hyderabad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the person that established Hyderabad?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3044_s",
          "context": "The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II , while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated , such as romance , westerns , crime , horror , and humour . , the content of comic books -LRB- particularly crime and horror -RRB- was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies , which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body . Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s . Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult . , often experimental content in non-superhero genres .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the century",
            "the 1980s",
            "the early 1950s",
            "1970s",
            "1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02191231d4119001abf54_s",
              "question": "When did superheroes become popular again in comics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960s",
                  "answer_start": 558
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did super heroes become popular again in comic books?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-97_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama -LRB- also the name of a song in B'Day -RRB- which includes bassists , drummers , guitarists , horn players , keyboardists and percussionists . Her background singers , The Mamas , consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell , Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick . They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for `` Irreplaceable '' and `` Green Light '' . The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "2007",
            "2010",
            "2009",
            "2013",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4e17f2ccc5a1400d832e5_s",
              "question": "When did moms come out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 2006 BET Awards",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did The Mamas make their debut?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4227_s",
          "context": "Note : Besides ethnic groups , Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live . Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include : Zagorci in northern Croatia , Istrijani in westernmost Croatia , Dalmatinci in southern Croatia , Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia , Slavonci in eastern Croatia , but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia , most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers , and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence , Sandžaklije -LRB- Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border -RRB- , Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "srbijanci",
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            "upper thracian lowlands",
            "dobrudzhantsi",
            "trakiytsi",
            "adriatic",
            "kosovo",
            "herzegovina",
            "sremci",
            "dalmatia",
            "blagoevgrad",
            "serbia",
            "miziytsi",
            "balkandzhii",
            "central balkan mountains",
            "mazuria",
            "bosnia",
            "hercegovci",
            "vojvodina",
            "kosovci",
            "boduli",
            "montenegro",
            "banat",
            "warmiaks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f74dbdaef2371900625ad9_s",
              "question": "Where is Vladimir?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "hinterland of Dalmatia",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Vlaji located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16145_s",
          "context": "Occasional severe flooding is experienced . There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 . Localized flooding can , however , occur anywhere , and mudslides from heavy rain can cause problems in any mountainous area , particularly the Southwest . Large stretches of desert shrub in the west can fuel the spread of wildfires . , while Nor'Easter snowstorms can bring activity to a halt throughout the Northeast -LRB- although heavy snowstorms can occur almost anywhere -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1982-1983",
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            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed0fadfa6aa1500f8d3f9_s",
              "question": "When did the great Mississippi River appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1927",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Great Mississippi occurred during what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9169_s",
          "context": "At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after. In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, odes, pastorals, elegies, epigrams; dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy; historiography, rhetorical treatises, philosophical dialectics, and philosophical treatises all arose in this period. The two major lyrical poets were Sappho and Pindar. The Classical era also saw the dawn of drama.",
          "c_entity": [
            "800 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267d1fdd62a815002e86f5_s",
              "question": "When did Homer write Iliad and Odyssey?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "800 BC",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4001_s",
          "context": "The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited , public engineering school located on the main campus . , although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1891"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7906100c9c71400d772da_s",
              "question": "When did Kansas University begin to graduate from engineering?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3153_s",
          "context": ". Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912 . Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa . The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell 's book entitled African Adventures .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lady baden-powell",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac265_s",
              "question": "Who visited the boy scouts who came back from Africa in 1937?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord and Lady Baden-Powell",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16684_s",
          "context": "Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide . Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia -LRB- the 3rd republic -RRB- after its independence from the USSR in 1991 . Despite this , relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey 's refusal to establish them for numerous reasons . During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason . It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 20th century",
            "1993",
            "1991",
            "early 21st century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbf52947a6a140053cc42_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia become independent of the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia gain independence from the USSR?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8123_s",
          "context": "The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was ` Cassell 's patent asphalte or bitumen ' in 1834 . , Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt -LRB- patent # 7849 -RRB- , for use in asphalte pavement , having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms , who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain . Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father , Samuel Ryland Phipson , a friend of Claridge . Indeed , but without success .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1834",
            "25 november 1837",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b1d449499d21900609c13_s",
              "question": "When was the first patent for asphalt in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1834",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17914_s",
          "context": "Application of the term `` Indian '' originated with Christopher Columbus , who , thought that he had arrived in the East Indies . This led to the names `` Indies '' and `` Indian '' . This unifying concept , codified in law , religion , and politics , was not originally accepted by indigenous peoples but has been embraced by many over the last two centuries . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Even though the term `` Indian '' does not include the Aleuts , Inuit , or Yupik peoples .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
            "caribbean sea",
            "east indies",
            "americas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57312489497a881900248bac_s",
              "question": "Where does Columbus think he is?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "East Indies",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Columbus believe he had arrived?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16301_s",
          "context": "The phrase is usually used in local political debates , in polemic writing or in private conversations . It is rarely used by politicians themselves in a public context , although at certain times in Canadian history political parties have used other similarly loaded imagery . In the 1988 federal election , the Liberals asserted that the proposed Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada -- notably , the party ran an ad in which Progressive Conservative -LRB- PC -RRB- strategists , upon the adoption of the agreement , slowly erased the Canada-U.S. border from a desktop map of North America . , however , the PCs responded with an ad which featured the border being drawn back on with a permanent marker , as an announcer intoned `` Here 's where we draw the line . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730730a069b5314008320e4_s",
              "question": "When did the movement take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the 1988 federal election",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was this campaign ran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10894_s",
          "context": ". The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field , Ampère 's force law , was discovered later by André-Marie Ampère in 1820 . A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury , on which a permanent magnet -LRB- PM -RRB- was placed . When a current was passed through the wire , the wire rotated around the magnet , showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire . This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments , brine substituting for toxic mercury . , these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael faraday",
            "barlow",
            "andré-marie ampère",
            "andrew gordon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a114708984140094cc4a_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the principle of magnetoelectric interaction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "André-Marie Ampère",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric interactions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6151_s",
          "context": "The brewing industry is a global business , consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries . The history of breweries has been one of absorbing smaller breweries in order to ensure economy of scale . In 2002 South African Breweries bought the North American Miller Brewing Company to found SABMiller , becoming the second largest brewery , after North American Anheuser-Bush . They merged into InBev , becoming the largest brewery . , SABMiller surpassed InBev and Anheuser-Bush when it acquired Royal Grolsch . , InBev -LRB- the second-largest -RRB- bought Anheuser-Busch -LRB- the third largest -RRB- , the new Anheuser-Busch InBev company became again the largest brewer in the world . , with SABMiller second , and Heineken International third .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
            "2004",
            "2007",
            "year",
            "2015",
            "2006",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a681e4103511400d596de_s",
              "question": "When was Samuel founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the brewing Company SABMiller founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2595_s",
          "context": ", to sell beer or cider in his home -LRB- usually the front parlour -RRB- and even to brew his own on his premises . The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines , and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined . Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays . The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room . Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in , turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1830",
            "today",
            "sundays"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5_s",
              "question": "When does the beer shop close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sundays",
                  "answer_start": 330
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what day were beer houses closed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12190_s",
          "context": "In late February , large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws , Volodymyr Scherbytsky , lampooned as `` the mastodon of stagnation . '' . On February 26 , 1989 , between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gorbachev",
            "volodymyr scherbytsky",
            "taras shevchenko",
            "communist party of ukraine",
            "congress of people's deputies"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572816e43acd2414000df43a_s",
              "question": "Who do the protesters want to resign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Volodymyr Scherbytsky",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the protesters want to resign? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9513_s",
          "context": ", which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895 . Though fiercely debated , the restaurant 's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich . Louis ' Lunch broils hamburgers , that hold the meat in place while it cooks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
            "1898",
            "a second",
            "1895"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727afea2ca10214002d93cd_s",
              "question": "When did Louis start his lunch in new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Louis' Lunch begin serving fast food in New Haven?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9386_s",
          "context": "In response to the demands , with the elaboration the first Statute of Government -LRB- Estatuto de Gobierno -RRB- , and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives . , this autonomy was further expanded and , starting from 1997 , residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly -LRB- which succeeded the previous Assembly -RRB- by popular vote .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1990s",
            "1987",
            "1997"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267cbe708984140094c7c2_s",
              "question": "When do citizens have the right to elect a federal president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7733_s",
          "context": "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin -LRB- the only state with only one execution -RRB- , Rhode Island -LRB- although later reintroduced , it was unused and abolished again -RRB- , Maine , North Dakota , Minnesota , West Virginia , Iowa , and Vermont . The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty ; it was last used in 1957 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1957",
            "1964",
            "1984",
            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fe7425ab6b819003910b4_s",
              "question": "When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3079_s",
          "context": "In 1657 . The first governor , Captain John Dutton , arrived in 1659 . A fort and houses were built . After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660 . , in honour of the Duke of York .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james fort",
            "john dutton",
            "james ii",
            "saint helena",
            "english east india company",
            "oliver cromwell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02e807aa994140058e305_s",
              "question": "Who was the first governor of St. Helena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Captain John Dutton",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first governor of Saint Helena?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8978_s",
          "context": "On 27 June , Rhee evacuated from Seoul with some of the government . On 28 June , at 2 am . The bridge was detonated while 4,000 refugees were crossing the bridge , and hundreds were killed . Destroying the bridge also trapped many South Korean military units north of the Han River . In spite of such desperate measures , Seoul fell that same day . A number of South Korean National Assemblymen remained in Seoul when it fell , and forty-eight subsequently pledged allegiance to the North .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rhee",
            "north korean",
            "south korean army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268a0ff1498d1400e8e332_s",
              "question": "Who fled South Korea with members of the South Korean government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rhee",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who, along with members of the South Korean government, fled South Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9315_s",
          "context": ", when Mildred Burke won the original World Women 's title . , although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956 . The NWA , however . , The Fabulous Moolah , was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "1954",
            "1964",
            "1956",
            "1937",
            "the early 1950s",
            "1958"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572670f2708984140094c618_s",
              "question": "When did Mildred Burke retire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Mildred Burke retire? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9864_s",
          "context": ". Cabot sailed in 1497 , and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland -LRB- mistakenly believing , like Christopher Columbus , there was no attempt to found a colony .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "asia",
            "americas",
            "scotland",
            "north atlantic",
            "spain",
            "newfoundland",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726627bf1498d1400e8ddd3_s",
              "question": "Where did Cabot land?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newfoundland",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Cabot make landfall?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2510_s",
          "context": "The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany . , during the last stages of the Weimar Republic , German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets . The head of the German Army 's Ballistics and Munitions Branch , Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker , gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen , to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles ' ban on research and development of long-range cannons . Wernher von Braun , a young engineering prodigy , was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932 . Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets , and did not initially see the military value in missile technology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "one day",
            "beginning in the 1930s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0796b231d4119001ac199_s",
              "question": "When did a secret military installation in the west of kummersdorf begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
                  "answer_start": 666
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4204_s",
          "context": "The relationship between the Slavs and a tribe called the Veneti east of the River Vistula in the Roman period is uncertain. The name may refer both to Balts and Slavs.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vistula"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7211e3d8e2e1400e3737f_s",
              "question": "Where are the tribes of Venice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "east of the River Vistula",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Veneti tribe was located where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-574_s",
          "context": "In January 2010 , Hong Kong-based English newspaper The Standard reported that writer Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "2007",
            "january 2010"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cee1e4aab44d1400b88be1_s",
              "question": "When was the article on the case published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2010",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the article published about the case?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18658_s",
          "context": ", and by 1836 the word `` humanism '' had been absorbed into the English language in this sense . The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856 , when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism , the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning , a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations , especially Italy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "georg voigt",
            "friedrich immanuel niethammer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732793be99e3014001e67de_s",
              "question": "Who was responsible for the further definition of Philosophy in 1856?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georg Voigt",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2828_s",
          "context": "At the same conference , Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled , `` Notes on the Original Affluent Society '' , in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as `` solitary , poor , nasty , brutish and short . According to Sahlins , and they still ate well . Their `` affluence '' came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense . Later , in 1996 , Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin 's view . The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies , and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies . Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work , on average .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1651",
            "about 6.5 hours",
            "1996",
            "8.8 hours",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa704231d4119001abc49_s",
              "question": "When did Ross sacker study time and energy for the hunting community?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14427_s",
          "context": ", or manga series , which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo . , 2010 -RRB- . The series was produced for American viewers which `` embodies the trend ... comparing hip-hop artists to samurai warriors , 2009 -RRB- . The storyline keeps in tone with the perception of a samurais finding vengeance against someone who has wronged him . Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson , `` Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic , yet , still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father '' -LRB- King 2008 -RRB- . Due to its popularity . Not only has the samurai culture been adopted into animation and video games , it can also be seen in comic books .",
          "c_entity": [
            "takashi okazaki",
            "denison",
            "spike tv",
            "solomon",
            "samuel l. jackson",
            "afro samurai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572900303f37b31900477f55_s",
              "question": "Who is the star singer of African warrior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel L. Jackson",
                  "answer_start": 401
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17286_s",
          "context": ", additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports . These sanctions were lifted in 2006 . Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war , Liberia maintains a large account deficit .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
            "2003",
            "1997",
            "2010",
            "2006",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302bbda23a5019007fcee5_s",
              "question": "When were the sanctions on Liberia's forest exports lifted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 2006",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the timber export sanctions lifted for Liberia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1635_s",
          "context": "It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions , which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments , but stock markets still dropped worldwide . In many areas , the housing market also suffered , resulting in evictions , foreclosures and prolonged unemployment . The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses , declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars -- 2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis . The active phase of the crisis , which manifested as a liquidity crisis , when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing `` a complete evaporation of liquidity '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "august 9, 2007",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573257950fdd8d15006c69ee_s",
              "question": "When did the global recession end after the financial crisis in 2007?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4665_s",
          "context": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty , banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons . , writing of his experiences in The Prelude . After the end of the Napoleonic Wars , the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets , artists , and musicians , as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature .",
          "c_entity": [
            "goethe",
            "wordsworth",
            "jean-jacques rousseau",
            "schiller",
            "turner",
            "william tell",
            "albrecht von haller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0484_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to imagine the Alps as a beautiful and charming place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10218_s",
          "context": "The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ministry of education"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572908166aef0514001549c8_s",
              "question": "Who manages the school system in Myanmar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Ministry of Education",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who runs the school system in Myanmar ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3112_s",
          "context": "Other Christian denominations on the island include , Salvation Army -LRB- since 1884 -RRB- , in more recent times , New Apostolic and Jehovah 's Witnesses -LRB- of which one in 35 residents is a member , the highest ratio of any country -RRB- . The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1884",
            "1949",
            "1852",
            "1845"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f4_s",
              "question": "When did the Salvation Army appear in St. Helena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9725_s",
          "context": "On 25 and 26 April , May and Taylor appeared on the eleventh series of American Idol at the Nokia Theatre , performing a Queen medley with the six finalists on the first show , and the following day performed `` Somebody to Love '' with the ` Queen Extravaganza ' band . Queen were scheduled to headline Sonisphere at Knebworth on 7 July 2012 with Adam Lambert before the festival was cancelled . Queen 's final concert with Freddie Mercury was in Knebworth in 1986 . Brian May commented , `` It 's a worthy challenge for us , and I 'm sure Adam would meet with Freddie 's approval . '' Queen expressed disappointment at the cancellation and released a statement to the effect that they were looking to find another venue . It was later announced that Queen + Adam Lambert would play two shows at the Hammersmith Apollo . Both shows sold out within 24 hours of tickets going on open sale . On 30 June .",
          "c_entity": [
            "knebworth",
            "kiev",
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            "municipal stadium",
            "los angeles",
            "poland",
            "wroclaw",
            "moscow",
            "london",
            "olympic stadium"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cff25951b619008f7eae_s",
              "question": "Where was the last concert between the queen and Freddie Mercury in 1986?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Knebworth",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Queen's final concert with Freddie Mercury held in 1986?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12056_s",
          "context": "In addition to professional team sports , with Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord hosting two Sprint Cup Series races every year . , while Concord is the home of several top-flight racing teams , including Hendrick Motorsports , Roush Fenway Racing , Richard Petty Motorsports , Stewart-Haas Racing , and Chip Ganassi Racing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charlotte motor speedway",
            "concord",
            "north carolina"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727aba14b864d19001639ff_s",
              "question": "Where is the Charlotte express?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Concord",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Charlotte motor Speedway located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16949_s",
          "context": ". , its training , morale and health greatly improved . The American General Joseph Stilwell , directed aid to China and prepared to construct the Ledo Road to link India and China by land .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william slim",
            "wavell",
            "winston churchill",
            "south east asia command",
            "louis mountbatten",
            "joseph stilwell",
            "indian fourteenth army",
            "china burma india theater",
            "seac",
            "british india command"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573215140fdd8d15006c6773_s",
              "question": "Who is the deputy commander of montbarton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Joseph Stilwell",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was deputy commander to Mountbatten?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2036_s",
          "context": ". Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878 , and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan -LRB- Iranian -RRB- and Indo-Aryan -LRB- Indic -RRB- . Some recent scholarship , primarily in German , has revived this convention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1878",
            "1836"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ee_s",
              "question": "When was the first time Iran Aryan was used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1878",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the phrase Irano-Aryan first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7599_s",
          "context": "In 1977 . Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth . The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen 's popularity . In 1978 , the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania 's communist dictator , and his wife , though privately she thought they had `` blood on their hands '' . The following year brought two blows : one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt , as a communist spy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicolae ceaușescu",
            "elizabeth",
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            "margaret",
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            "provisional irish republican army",
            "elena"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fa75480d9841400ab3616_s",
              "question": "Who was found to be a communist spy in 1979?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anthony Blunt",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4653_s",
          "context": "In 1991 a mummy of a neolithic body, known as Ötzi the Iceman, was discovered by hikers on the Similaun glacier. His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of Ötzi, has shown that he belongs to the K1 subclade which cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade. The new subclade has provisionally been named K1ö for Ötzi.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b4f09b226e1400dd0e80_s",
              "question": "When was Oates discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 1991",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Otzi the Iceman found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1461_s",
          "context": "China : In China . , accusing the company 's major shareholder , the LVMH Group , of donating funds to the Dalai Lama . There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products . According to the Washington Times on April 15 , however , the Chinese government was attempting to `` calm the situation '' through censorship . '' , Hefei and Wuhan , accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism . Some burned French flags , some added Nazism 's Swastika to the French flag , and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy . , only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles . , Wuhan , Hefei , Kunming and Qingdao .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cpc",
            "politburo standing committee",
            "zhou yongkang",
            "carrefour",
            "hu jintao",
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            "state",
            "lvmh group",
            "liu yandong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db02f4e7c41114004b4c38_s",
              "question": "Who will give the Dalai Lama money?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the LVMH Group",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was said to have given money to the Dalai Lama?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7255_s",
          "context": ". During the War of the Spanish Succession , Valencia sided with Charles of Austria . On 24 January 1706 , Charles Mordaunt , 3rd Earl of Peterborough , 1st Earl of Monmouth , led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona , capturing the nearby fortress at Sagunt , and bluffing the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "24 january 1706",
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            "1709"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d5555b3d812140066d6db_s",
              "question": "When did the British cavalry arrive in Valencia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "24 January 1706",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did English cavalry enter Valencia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5277_s",
          "context": "Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick. Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1205"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb8410b28b3419009f1dd1_s",
              "question": "When was Nicholas killed by Verdun?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1205",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12225_s",
          "context": "Once at Golgotha , Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink . He was then crucified and hung between two convicted thieves . According to some translations from the original Greek , the thieves may have been bandits or Jewish rebels . , he endured the torment of crucifixion for some six hours from the third hour , at approximately 9 am , until his death at the ninth hour , corresponding to about 3 pm . The soldiers affixed a sign above his head stating `` Jesus of Nazareth , King of the Jews '' in three languages , divided his garments and cast lots for his seamless robe . The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus ' legs , as they did to the other two men crucified -LRB- breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process -RRB- , as Jesus was dead already . Each gospel has its own account of Jesus ' last words , seven statements altogether . In the Synoptic Gospels , various supernatural events accompany the crucifixion , including darkness , an earthquake , and -LRB- in Matthew -RRB- the resurrection of saints . Following Jesus ' death , his body was removed from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea and buried in a rock-hewn tomb .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572772c2f1498d1400e8f86a_s",
              "question": "Who saved Jesus from the cross?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph of Arimathea",
                  "answer_start": 1097
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who removed Jesus from the cross?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4225_s",
          "context": "^ 9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci -LRB- in Bačka -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "austria",
            "italy",
            "romania",
            "czech republic",
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            "bačka",
            "slavonia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7488caef2371900625aad_s",
              "question": "Where is bunievic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bačka",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Bunjevci located?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12156_s",
          "context": "In May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction of rationing. Unlike most forms of rationing intended to conserve scarce goods, this was done to restrict sales with the overt goal of curtailing drunkenness. Gorbachev's plan also included billboards promoting sobriety, increased penalties for public drunkenness, and to censor drinking scenes from old movies. Although this program was not a direct copycat of Tsar Nicholas II's outright prohibition during World War I, Gorbachev faced the same adverse economic reaction as did the last Tsar. The disincentivization of alcohol consumption was a serious blow to the state budget according to Alexander Yakovlev, who noted annual collections of alcohol taxes decreased by 100 billion rubles. Alcohol production migrated to the black market, or through moonshining as some made \"bathtub vodka\" with homegrown potatoes. Poorer, less educated Russians resorted to drinking unhealthy substitutes such as nail polish, rubbing alcohol or men's cologne, which only served to be an additional burden on Russia's healthcare sector due to the subsequent poisoning cases. The purpose of these reforms, however, was to prop up the existing centrally planned economy, unlike later reforms, which tended toward market socialism.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277b69dd62a815002e9e28_s",
              "question": "When was Gorbachev's speech on alcoholism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1985",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Gorbachev's speech addressing alcohol abuse?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12367_s",
          "context": ", Milt Gabler started recording for his new label , Commodore Records , and to allow for longer continuous performances , he recorded some 12-inch records . Eddie Condon explained : `` Gabler realized that a jam session needs room for development . '' The first two 12-inch recordings did not take advantage of the extra length ; `` Carnegie Jump '' . But at the second session , the two 12-inch recordings were longer ; `` Serenade to a Shylock '' . Another way around the time limitation was to issue a selection on both sides of a single record . Vaudeville stars Gallagher and Shean recorded `` Mr. Gallagher and Mr. Shean '' , written by Irving and Jack Kaufman . An obvious workaround for longer recordings was to release a set of records . , when HMV in England made the first complete recording of an opera , Verdi 's Ernani , on 40 single-sided discs . , Commodore released Eddie Condon and his Band 's recording of `` A Good Man Is Hard to Find '' in four parts , issued on both sides of two 12-inch 78s . , in 1948 . In popular music , this time limitation of about 3:30 on a 10-inch 78 rpm record meant that singers usually did not release long pieces on record . One exception is Frank Sinatra 's recording of Rodgers and Hammerstein 's `` Soliloquy '' , from Carousel . , longer than both sides of a standard 78 rpm 10-inch record , it was released on Columbia 's Masterwork label -LRB- the classical division -RRB- as two sides of a 12-inch record . The same was true of John Raitt 's performance of the song on the original cast album of Carousel .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "about 3:30"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279b65ff5b5019007d90db_s",
              "question": "When was the typical recording time of a song in 1948?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "about 3:30",
                  "answer_start": 1071
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was a typical recording time of a song in 1948?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8641_s",
          "context": ". It is located in front of Constitution Square . Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style , with a series of Doric and Ionic columns , it became a National Heritage Site in 1975 . In 1958 , the Municipal Historic Museum and Archive was inaugurated here . It features three permanent city museum exhibitions , as well as temporary art exhibitions , cultural events , seminars , symposiums and forums .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725da80271a42140099d2a4_s",
              "question": "Where is the Montevideo cottage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "front of Constitution Square",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Montevideo Cabildo located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1338_s",
          "context": "For five consecutive seasons , starting in season seven , the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar -- a trend that Idol pundits call the `` White guy with guitar '' or `` WGWG '' factor . Just hours before the season eleven finale , where Phillip Phillips was named the winner , author of the book American Idol : The Untold Story , said , `` You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it , not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio , but as ... . who 's the nicest guy in a popularity contest , '' he says , `` And that has led to this dynasty of four , and possibly now five , consecutive , affable , very nice , good-looking white boys . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "phillip phillips",
            "richard rushfield"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d384b059d6e41400146604_s",
              "question": "Who won American Idol Season 11?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phillip Phillips",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won season eleven of American Idol? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1482_s",
          "context": "  Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 14"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9670fdc89441400fdb3f8_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Muscat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 14",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Muscat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8164_s",
          "context": "At the time of her accession , who relied on him for advice . Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was `` passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one '' , and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure . Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey . Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations . She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £ 385,000 per year . Financially prudent , she paid off her father 's debts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles greville",
            "victoria",
            "queen",
            "lord melbourne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724eebf0ba9f01400d97bc8_s",
              "question": "Who would have thought Melbourne would see Victoria as his daughter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Greville",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-947_s",
          "context": "As the King 's confidence in de Melo increased , the King entrusted him with more control of the state . By 1755 , Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister . Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador , he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal . He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India ; reorganized the army and the navy , and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of coimbra",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573357944776f4190066085e_s",
              "question": "Who ended discrimination against Christian denominations in Portugal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sebastião de Melo",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15966_s",
          "context": "Wang Mang initiated a series of major reforms that were ultimately unsuccessful. These reforms included outlawing slavery, nationalizing land to equally distribute between households, and introducing new currencies, a change which debased the value of coinage. Although these reforms provoked considerable opposition, Wang's regime met its ultimate downfall with the massive floods of c. 3 AD and 11 AD. Gradual silt buildup in the Yellow River had raised its water level and overwhelmed the flood control works. The Yellow River split into two new branches: one emptying to the north and the other to the south of the Shandong Peninsula, though Han engineers managed to dam the southern branch by 70 AD.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wang mang"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ecec0cb0c0d14000f15b4_s",
              "question": "Who tried to ban slavery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wang Mang",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who tried to outlaw slavery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8046_s",
          "context": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that \"it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred\". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.",
          "c_entity": [
            "federal trade commission"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571abee110f8ca1400305339_s",
              "question": "Who published the report in 1958?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal Trade Commission",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who issued the report in 1958?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12343_s",
          "context": "Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie . Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893 . , Crane agreed to remove profanity , but he also made stylistic revisions . , but to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher 's intention rather than his own . There were , however , intermediate cases that could reasonably have been attributed to either intention , and some of Bowers 's choices came under fire -- both as to his judgment , and as to the wisdom of conflating readings from the two different versions of Maggie .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1893",
            "1896"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279d21ff5b5019007d9112_s",
              "question": "When was Maggie first published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1893",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
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          "context": ". In 1980 Yerevan State Medical University was awarded one of the main rewards of the former USSR -- the Order of Labor red Banner for training qualified specialists in health care and valuable service in the development of Medical Science . Mkhitar Heratsi was the founder of Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia . The great doctor played the same role in Armenian Medical Science as Hippocrates in Western , Galen in Roman , Ibn Sīnā in Arabic medicine .",
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          "context": "In late 2002 . An error message stated that this was in response to a `` request by the site owner . '' Later , it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed .",
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          "context": "The mosaics of St. Peter 's often show lively Baroque compositions based on designs or canvases from like Ciro Ferri , Guido Reni , Domenichino , Carlo Maratta , and many others . Raphael is represented by a mosaic replica of this last painting , the Transfiguration . Many different artists contributed to the 17th , including Giovanni Battista Calandra , and Pietro Paolo Cristofari -LRB- died 1743 -RRB- . Works of the Fabbrica were often used as papal gifts .",
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          "context": ", under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia , sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers , to side with French and British forces during the war. : 111 -- 12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French , especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter . The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea , and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya -LRB- 16 August 1855 -RRB- and in the siege of Sevastopol , allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war , where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers .",
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          "context": "John met the rebel leaders at Runnymede , near Windsor Castle , on 15 June 1215 . Langton 's efforts at mediation created a charter capturing the proposed peace agreement ; it was later renamed Magna Carta , or `` Great Charter '' . The charter went beyond simply addressing specific baronial complaints , and formed a wider proposal for political reform , albeit one focusing on the rights of free men , not serfs and unfree labour . It promised the protection of church rights , protection from illegal imprisonment , access to swift justice , new taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage and other feudal payments . , whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king .",
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          "context": "In 1827 , soon after the death of Chopin 's youngest sister Emilia , the family moved from the Warsaw University building , adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace , to lodgings just across the street from the university , in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście . -LSB- n 6 -RSB- Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students . , including the first known portrait of the composer . -LSB- n 7 -RSB-",
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          "context": "In the 1772 First Partition of Poland , the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia , i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania -LRB- Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia -RRB- , Malbork , Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia , thereby bridging the `` Polish Corridor '' between his Prussian and Farther Pomeranian lands and cutting remaining Poland off the Baltic Coast . The territory of Warmia was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia , which . The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond the Vistula River together with Malbork and Chełmno Land formed the Province of West Prussia with its capital at Marienwerder -LRB- Kwidzyn -RRB- . , whereafter Frederick officially went on to call himself a King `` of '' Prussia .",
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          "context": ", 393 U.S. 97 -LRB- 1968 -RRB- , '' or `` to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches '' this theory in any school or university that received public funds . The court 's opinion , written by Justice Abe Fortas , ruled that the Arkansas law violated `` the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . The overriding fact is that Arkansas ' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine ; that is , with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group . '' The court held that the Establishment Clause prohibits the state from advancing any religion , and that '' -LSB- T -RSB- he state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them . ''",
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          "context": "Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal . This industry started around 1950 , as the country 's political makeup changed and ended the country 's isolation from the rest of the world . , air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway , between Kathmandu and Raxaul -LRB- at India 's border -RRB- , was started . Separate organizations were created in Kathmandu to promote this activity ; some of these include the Tourism Development Board , the Department of Tourism and the Civil Aviation Department . Furthermore , Nepal became a member of several international tourist associations . Establishing diplomatic relations with other nations further accentuated this activity . The hotel industry , travel agencies , training of tourist guides , and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal , and in Kathmandu in particular .",
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          "context": "Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile . , repeats Aristotle 's observations .",
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          "context": "In 1952 , Thomas J. Watson , Jr. , published the company 's first written equal opportunity policy letter . , IBM 's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex , national origin , and age . , IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors , the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists , engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements .",
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          "context": "Other regions host festivities of smaller extent , focused on the reenactment of traditional carnevalic customs . Tyrnavos holds an annual Phallus festival , a traditional `` phallkloric '' event in which giant , gaudily painted effigies of phalluses made of papier maché are paraded , and which women are asked to touch or kiss . Their reward for so doing is a shot of the famous local tsipouro alcohol spirit . Every year , from 1 to 8 January , Carnival fiestas and festivals erupt . The best known is the Kastorian Carnival or `` Ragoutsaria '' -LRB- Gr . `` Ραγκουτσάρια '' -RRB- -LSB- tags : Kastoria , Kastorian Carnival , Ραγκουτσαρια , Καστοριά -RSB- . It takes place from 6 to 8 January with mass participation serenaded by brass bands , pipises , Macedonian and grand casa drums . It is an ancient celebration of nature 's rebirth -LRB- fiestas for Dionysus -LRB- Dionysia -RRB- and Kronos -LRB- Saturnalia -RRB- -RRB- , which ends the third day in a dance in the medieval square Ntoltso where the bands play at the same time .",
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          "context": ". The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century . The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant ` Apollinare in Classe were made around 549 . , executed in 545 -- 547 -LRB- largely destroyed ; the remains in Berlin -RRB- .",
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          "context": "Beginning in April 1985 , Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America , The Virgin Tour , with the Beastie Boys as her opening act . She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas . At that time she released two more hit singles from the album , `` Angel '' and `` Dress You Up '' . , Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna . , and was paid as little as $ 25 a session . The publication of the photos caused a media uproar , but Madonna remained `` unapologetic and defiant '' . The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $ 100,000 . She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert . ''",
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          "context": ", von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute 's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through . He remained a mathematics professor there until his death , although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor at large at the University of California . His mother , brothers and in-laws followed John to the United States in 1939 . Von Neumann anglicized his first name to John , keeping the German-aristocratic surname of von Neumann . His brothers changed theirs to `` Neumann '' and `` Vonneumann '' . , and immediately tried to become a lieutenant in the United States Army 's Officers Reserve Corps . He passed the exams easily , but was ultimately rejected because of his age . His prewar analysis is often quoted . Asked about how France would stand up to Germany he said `` Oh , France wo n't matter . ''",
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          "context": "In 1882 . Around 1899 . In 1931 , Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene . Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936 .",
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          "context": "On 17 March 1883 , she fell down some stairs at Windsor ; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter . , and to the consternation of her private secretary , Sir Henry Ponsonby , Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown . Ponsonby and Randall Davidson , Dean of Windsor , who had both seen early drafts , advised Victoria against publication , on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair . The manuscript was destroyed . , Victoria did publish More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands , a sequel to her earlier book , which she dedicated to her `` devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown '' . , Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son , Leopold , had died in Cannes . He was `` the dearest of my dear sons '' , she lamented . , Victoria 's youngest child , Beatrice , met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria 's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry 's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg . Beatrice and Henry planned to marry , but Victoria opposed the match at first , wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion . , she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice 's promise to remain living with and attending her .",
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          "context": "Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland. Members of the szlachta had the personal obligation to defend the country (pospolite ruszenie), thereby becoming the kingdom's most privileged social class. Inclusion in the class was almost exclusively based on inheritance.",
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          "context": "Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs , but was unable to do so as only one son , Louis the Pious -LRB- r. 814 -- 840 -RRB- , was still alive by 813 . Just before Charlemagne died in 814 , he crowned Louis as his successor . Louis 's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous divisions of the empire among his sons and , after 829 , civil wars between various alliances of father and sons over the control of various parts of the empire . Eventually . , his youngest son . , comprising both banks of the Rhine and eastwards . Louis the German -LRB- d. 876 -RRB- , the middle child , who had been rebellious to the last , was allowed to keep Bavaria under the suzerainty of his elder brother . The division was disputed . , the emperor 's grandson , rebelled in a contest for Aquitaine , while Louis the German tried to annex all of East Francia . Louis the Pious died in 840 , with the empire still in chaos .",
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          "context": "The Allies offered peace terms in the Frankfurt proposals in November 1813 . Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France , but it would be reduced to its `` natural frontiers . '' That meant that France could retain control of Belgium , while giving up control of all the rest , including all of Spain and the Netherlands , and most of Italy and Germany . Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer ; after further victories , the terms would be harsher and harsher . Metternich 's motivation was to maintain France as a balance against Russian threats , while ending the highly destabilizing series of wars .",
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              "question": "Who told Napoleon that the Frankfurt proposal might be the best offer from the allies?",
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          "context": ", Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria . Shortly thereafter , however , the new Roman Emperor Constantius II , renewed the order for Athanasius 's banishment in 338 . Athanasius went to Rome , where he was under the protection of Constans , the Emperor of the West . During this time , usurping the absent Athanasius . Athanasius did , however , remain in contact with his people through his annual Festal Letters , in which he also announced on which date Easter would be celebrated that year .",
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          "context": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages . In 1873 , the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge , West Farms and Morrisania to New York ; the three towns were abolished in the process . , Queens and Staten Island , the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River , were annexed to the city . City Island , a nautical community .",
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              "question": "When did New York City Annex western farm?",
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          "context": ". After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession -LRB- 1247 , the western half became independent under the name of `` Hesse '' , never to become a part of Thuringia again . Most of the remaining Thuringia came under the rule of the Wettin dynasty of the nearby Margraviate of Meissen , the nucleus of the later Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony . , Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family , which subsequently subdivided the area into a number of smaller states , according to the Saxon tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs . These were the `` Saxon duchies '' , consisting , among others , of the states of Saxe-Weimar , Saxe-Eisenach , Saxe-Jena , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg , and Saxe-Gotha ; Thuringia became merely a geographical concept .",
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              "question": "When did the west half turn Hessian?",
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          "context": "Louis XVI translated the Reflections `` from end to end '' into French . , but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues . : `` I have received from the Duke of Portland , Lord Fitzwilliam , and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution '' . The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him , he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed .",
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              "question": "Who translated these ideas into French?",
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              "original_question": "Who re-translated the Reflections into French?"
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          "context": "Many scripts , have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms . The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex , which became the proof of concept for OpenType -LRB- by Adobe and Microsoft -RRB- , Graphite -LRB- by SIL International -RRB- .",
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          "context": ", Charles Kenzie Steele , Jr. , CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said , and not really attacking , to that degree , her husband ? Because he has no slave blood in him . '' He later claimed his comment was intended to be `` provocative '' but declined to expand on the subject . , said `` descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start , and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that . '' She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African Americans and instead prefers the term `` black '' or `` white '' .",
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          "context": "A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.",
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                  "text": "Samuel Pepys",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13813_s",
          "context": "The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were now conducted in the vernacular instead of in Latin, previously used. During the Livonian War in 1561, northern Estonia submitted to Swedish control. In the 1560s two voivodeships of present-day southern Estonia, Dorpat Voivodeship (Tartu region) and Parnawa Voivodeship (Pärnu region), became the autonomous Duchy of Livonia within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under joint control of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy. In 1629, mainland Estonia came entirely under Swedish rule. Estonia was administratively divided between the provinces of Estonia in the north and Livonia in southern Estonia and northern Latvia. This division persisted until the early twentieth century.",
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              "question": "Who led the reformation in Europe?",
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              "original_question": "Who led the The Reformation in Europe?"
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          "context": "Throughout the Industrial Revolution , Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port , handling imports and passengers from the Americas , and exporting local minerals -LRB- tin , copper , lime , china clay and arsenic -RRB- while the neighbouring town of Devonport became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town . , viz. , the county borough of Plymouth , the county borough of Devonport , and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough . The combined town took the name of Plymouth which , achieved city status . The city 's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II , an act known as the Plymouth Blitz . After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967 .",
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              "question": "When was plymstock founded?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was Plymstock incorporated?"
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          "context": "Following the hardliners ' takeover , the September 30 , 1990 elections -LRB- runoffs on October 14 -RRB- were characterized by intimidation , two were murdered , and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers . The election results reflected the threatening environment ; out of the 350 members , 280 were Communists . In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed .",
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              "original_question": "Who was elected to be Chairman in May?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-38_s",
          "context": "; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame . From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust -LRB- 1907 -- 1982 -RRB- in classics and law , and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent . Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast , Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler . Ivan Meštrović -LRB- 1883 -- 1962 -RRB- , a renowned sculptor , brought Croatian culture to campus , 1955 -- 62 . Yves Simon -LRB- 1903 -- 61 -RRB- , brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy ; his own teacher Jacques Maritain -LRB- 1882 -- 73 -RRB- was a frequent visitor to campus .",
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              "question": "Where did Anton Herman kloster come to Notre Dame?",
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              "original_question": "From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?"
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          "context": "From around 750 , during the Abbasid Caliphate , women `` became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty '' . In particular , many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music , dancing and poetry . Mahbuba was one of these . Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud , `` a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy , medicine , law , philosophy , music , history , Arabic grammar , literature , theology and chess '' . Moreover , among the most prominent feminine figures was Shuhda who was known as `` the Scholar '' or `` the Pride of Women '' during the 12th century in Baghdad . Despite the recognition of women 's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty .",
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              "question": "Where does Shuda go to school?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Shuhda attend school?"
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          "context": "The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo , Cementerio del Cerro , and Cementerio Paso Molino . The British Cemetery Montevideo -LRB- Cementerio Británico -RRB- is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay , located in the Buceo neighborhood . Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there . However , in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth . A section of the cemetery , known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors , contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities , although the majority are of British descent . One United States Marine , Henry de Costa , is buried here .",
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              "question": "When will the government compensate the British for moving the graveyard to boucho?",
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                  "text": "1884",
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              "original_question": "When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9061_s",
          "context": "The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as `` piracy '' predates statutory copyright law . , received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter . The term `` piracy '' has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying , distribution and selling of works in copyright . , stating `` Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection . '' Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights -LRB- TRIPs -RRB- requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of `` willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale . '' Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain , copyright holders have described online copyright infringement , particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks , as `` piracy . ''",
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              "question": "When was the agreement on trade related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights adopted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 533
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?"
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          "context": "Unlike the Baroque style that it replaced, which was mostly used for palaces and churches, and had little representation in the British colonies, simpler Georgian styles were widely used by the upper and middle classes. Perhaps the best remaining house is the pristine Hammond-Harwood House (1774) in Annapolis, Maryland, designed by the colonial architect William Buckland and modelled on the Villa Pisani at Montagnana, Italy as depicted in Andrea Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura (\"Four Books of Architecture\").",
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                  "text": "1774",
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              "original_question": "What year was the Hammond-Harwood House built?"
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        {
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          "context": ", then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops . Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme . The two organ cases , designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson , were re-instated and coloured in 1959 .",
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              "question": "Who designed these two accordion bags?",
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          "context": ", the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force , granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands -LRB- RMI -RRB- its sovereignty . The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll . The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990 , when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683 .",
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              "question": "When will the trust of the United Nations in the Marshall Islands end?",
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                  "text": "1990",
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              "original_question": "When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?"
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          "context": "The 19th century also saw the use of red in art to create specific emotions , not just to imitate nature . It saw the systematic study of color theory , and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other . These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh . Describing his painting , The Night Cafe , Van Gogh wrote : `` I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions . The hall is blood red and pale yellow , with a green billiard table in the center , and four lamps of lemon yellow , with rays of orange and green . Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens . ''",
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              "original_question": "Who painted the Night Cafe?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3960_s",
          "context": "The National Archives Building in downtown Washington holds record collections such as all existing federal census records, ships' passenger lists, military unit records from the American Revolution to the Philippine–American War, records of the Confederate government, the Freedmen's Bureau records, and pension and land records.",
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          "context": "In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary \"thaw\" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing \"race\" began to subside.",
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          "context": "Spielberg followed with War Horse , shot in England in the summer of 2010 . It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin , on December 25 , 2011 . The film , based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982 , follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I . The film was released and distributed by Disney , with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009 . War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture .",
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              "question": "Where was \"war horse\" filmed?",
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              "original_question": "Where was 'War Horse' filmed?"
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          "context": "Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May -LRB- 2010 -RRB- as the starting shortstop . However , the club played poorly in the early season , finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June . In addition , who called the conduct `` unacceptable . '' On August 22 , who had already announced his retirement at the end of the season . , the best record in baseball during that 37 game stretch .",
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              "question": "Who first made a brief stop as a start in early May 2010?",
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          "context": "With his health further deteriorating , Chopin desired to have a family member with him . In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter , supported by a loan from Jane Stirling , he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12 . , when his condition took a marked turn for the worse , only a handful of his closest friends remained with him , although Viardot remarked sardonically that `` all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "When did his sister get to Chopin?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6155_s",
          "context": ", and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale . The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today . Alongside the basic starch source , the early European beers might contain fruits , honey , numerous types of plants , spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs . What they did not contain was hops , as that was a later addition , first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen .",
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            {
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Abbess Hildegard",
                  "answer_start": 468
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              "original_question": "Who was believed to have added hops to beer in 1067?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15529_s",
          "context": "Spielberg and actor Tom Cruise collaborated for the first time for the futuristic neo-noir Minority Report . The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92 % approval rating , reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive . The film earned over $ 358 million worldwide . Roger Ebert , who named it the best film of 2002 .",
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              "question": "When was the minority report published?",
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                  "text": "2002",
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              "original_question": "When was Minority Report released?"
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          "context": "During this era of Porfirian rule, the city underwent an extensive modernization. Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage utilities by 1908. While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue. Many of Mexico City's major attractions and landmarks were built during this era in this style.",
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                  "text": "by 1908",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6373_s",
          "context": ". Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins . , with two League Championship successes , an FA Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians .",
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              "question": "When was Everton's last trophy?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1995",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was Everton's most recent trophy awarded?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11911_s",
          "context": "During the First World War , to avoid ground fights between brothers , many Alsatians served as sailors in the Kaiserliche Marine and took part in the Naval mutinies that led to the abdication of the Kaiser in November 1918 , which left Alsace-Lorraine without a nominal head of state . The sailors returned home and tried to found a republic . While Jacques Peirotes , at this time deputy at the Landrat Elsass-Lothringen and just elected mayor of Strasbourg , proclaimed the forfeiture of the German Empire and the advent of the French Republic , a self-proclaimed government of Alsace-Lorraine declared independence as the `` Republic of Alsace-Lorraine '' . French troops entered Alsace less than two weeks later to quash the worker strikes and remove the newly established Soviets and revolutionaries from power . At the arrival of the French soldiers , many Alsatians and local Prussian/German administrators and bureaucrats cheered the re-establishment of order -LRB- which can be seen and is described in detail in the reference video below -RRB- . , France tolerated no plebiscite , because Alsatians were considered by the French public as fellow Frenchmen liberated from German rule . Germany ceded the region to France under the Treaty of Versailles .",
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              "question": "Who is the mayor who announced Alsace Lorraine's secession from the German Empire?",
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                {
                  "text": "Jacques Peirotes",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the mayor that proclaimed independence from the German Empire for  Alsace-Lorraine?"
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          "context": "In a book called Science Versus Crime : it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like `` for every metal , there is a temperature at which it will melt . '' The hypothesis can not be falsified by any possible observation , for there will always be a higher temperature than tested at which the metal may in fact melt , yet it seems to be a valid scientific hypothesis . These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel . Hempel came to acknowledge that Logical Positivism 's verificationism was untenable , but argued that falsificationism was equally untenable on logical grounds alone . The simplest response to this is that , because Popper describes how theories attain , maintain and lose scientific status , individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge , and both of Hempel 's examples fall under this category . For instance , atomic theory implies that all metals melt at some temperature .",
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              "question": "Who thinks that Popper's falsification is logically unsustainable as the truth of logical positivism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carl Gustav Hempel",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that Popper's falsificationism was just as logically untenable as Logical Positivism's verificationism?"
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          "context": ", the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation , where 96 % of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis . Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected . In 1955 the EOKA organisation was founded , seeking union with Greece through armed struggle . At the same time the Turkish Resistance Organisation -LRB- TMT -RRB- , calling for Taksim , or partition , was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight . Woodhouse , a British official in Cyprus , revealed that then British Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan `` urged the Britons in Cyprus to stir up the Turks in order to neutralise Greek agitation '' . British officials also tolerated the creation of the Turkish underground organisation T.M.T. .",
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              "question": "When was ioka founded?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the EOKA organization founded?"
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          "context": ", instead using PortalPlayer 's reference platform based on two ARM cores . The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system . PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones . , to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs . As development progressed . Starting with the iPod Mini . Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans , Myriad . iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars , and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock . In 2007 , in most cases , splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork , photos , or videos on the right -LRB- whichever was appropriate for the selected item -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who oversees the design and implementation of the iPod user interface?",
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              "original_question": "Who supervised the design and implementation of the iPod user interface?"
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          "context": "In the years that followed . This was due to North Vietnam 's support of `` uprisings '' in the south and concern the nation would fall . In May 1957 Diem , then President of South Vietnam , made a state visit to the United States for ten days . , and a parade was held in Diem 's honor in New York City . Although Diem was publicly praised , in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives .",
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              "question": "Who was Secretary of state in 1957?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "John Foster Dulles",
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              "original_question": "Who was Secretary of State in 1957?"
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          "context": ", Strasbourg was a prosperous community , and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523 . Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region . As a result , Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories . On the other hand , Mömpelgard -LRB- Montbéliard -RRB- to the southwest of Alsace , belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397 , remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793 .",
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                  "text": "Martin Bucer",
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              "original_question": "Who was known as a reformer in Strasbourg?"
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          "context": "Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season 's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo , who both encouraged fans to vote for him . However , on April 18 , Sanjaya was voted off .",
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              "question": "When was sanjaya Malakal eliminated by American Idol?",
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                  "text": "April 18",
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          "context": "Until this time the British , at RAF insistence , continued their World War I use of machine guns , and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD . The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch . However , in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell . , being much lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom . The Predictor AA No 3 , was introduced with it .",
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              "question": "Who wants Britain to continue to use machine guns in World War I?",
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                  "text": "RAF",
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              "original_question": "Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?"
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          "context": ", to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession . In March , her second son , Prince Andrew , Duke of York , and his wife , Sarah , separated , her daughter , Princess Anne , divorced Captain Mark Phillips , angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her ; and , a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle , one of her official residences . The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny . In an unusually personal speech , the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism , but suggested it be done with `` a touch of humour , gentleness and understanding '' . , the Prime Minister , John Major , and a reduction in the civil list . , Prince Charles and his wife , Diana , formally separated . The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £ 200,000 to charity .",
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              "question": "When did price Andrew break up with his wife?",
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              "original_question": "When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?"
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          "context": "Following the highly publicized incident , West took a brief break from music and threw himself into fashion , only to hole up in Hawaii for the next few months writing and recording his next album . Importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording . Noah Callahan-Bever , a writer for Complex , was present during the sessions and described the `` communal '' atmosphere as thus : `` With the right songs and the right album , he can overcome any and all controversy , and we are here to contribute , challenge , and inspire . '' A variety of artists contributed to the project , including close friends Jay-Z , Kid Cudi and Pusha T , as well as off-the-wall collaborations , such as with Justin Vernon of Bon Iver .",
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              "original_question": "Where did Kanye base himself to create his next album?"
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          "context": "By the late 80s , Los Angeles . Los Angeles saw a huge explosion of underground raves and DJs , notably DJs Marques Wyatt and Billy Long , who spun at Jewel 's Catch One . In 1989 , former EBN-OZN singer/rapper Robert Ozn started indie house label One Voice Records , releasing the Mike `` Hitman '' Wilson remix of Dada Nada 's `` Haunted House . The record shot up to Number Five on the Billboard Club Chart , the moniker for Ozn 's solo act , released in 1990 , what has become a classic example of jazz-based Deep House , the Frankie Knuckles and David Morales remix of Dada Nada 's `` Deep Love '' -LRB- One Voice Records/US , Polydor/UK -RRB- , featuring Ozn 's lush , crooning vocals and muted trumpet improvisational solos , underscoring Deep House 's progression into a genre that integrated jazz and pop songwriting structures -- a feature which continued to set it apart from Acid House and Techno .",
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              "original_question": "where did DJs marques wyatt and billy long become successful?"
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          "context": "A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state . Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations . Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system .",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?"
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          "context": "Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto \"Més que un club\" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.16 billion, and the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €560.8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the \"Cant del Barça\", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs.",
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              "original_question": "When was Barcelona founded?"
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          "context": "The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system. In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.",
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                  "text": "December 2007",
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              "original_question": "When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility?"
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          "context": ". The population rose to some 400 million , but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate , virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis . Corruption set in , rebels tested government legitimacy , and ruling elites did not change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system . Following the Opium War , European powers imposed unequal treaties , free trade , extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control . -- 77 -RRB- in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people . In spite of these disasters , Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers . The initial gains in the Self-Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 , in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan . New Armies were organized , a ruthless but capable leader . When , in response to the violently anti-foreign Yihetuan -LRB- `` Boxers '' -RRB- , foreign powers invaded China , the Empress Dowager declared war on them , leading to defeat and the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an .",
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              "original_question": "When was the first Sino-Japanese War?"
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          "context": "Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends , but when Roncalli , as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council , Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua : `` This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up . '' He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961 . During the Council , his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican . He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues . His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo , to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent , an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope 's recent knowledge that he had cancer .",
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          "context": "In 1902 , the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament . These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures . Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon , the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports . The metal filament had the property of gradually shortening in use ; the filaments were installed with large loops that tightened in use . This made lamps in use for several hundred hours quite fragile . Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding , though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament . General Electric bought the rights to use tantalum filaments and produced them in the US until 1913 .",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12444_s",
          "context": "Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service , with the only advertisements on the network being shown between features -- which advertise TCM products , and featurettes about classic film actors and actresses . In addition to this , extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects -- from series such as The Passing Parade , Crime Does Not Pay , Pete Smith Specialties , and Robert Benchley -- under the banner name TCM Extras -LRB- formerly One Reel Wonders -RRB- . In 2007 , some of the short films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCM 's website . Partly to allow these interstitials : 15 , : 30 or .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277cf95951b619008f8b32_s",
              "question": "When did the short film of traditional Chinese medicine begin to flow to the website of traditional Chinese medicine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 563
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4549_s",
          "context": "In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes -LRB- Polish : `` statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie '' -RRB- , clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks -LRB- local parliaments -RRB- . The king could promulgate new laws , raise taxes , or call for a levée en masse -LRB- pospolite ruszenie -RRB- only with the consent of the sejmiks , and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses . The Nieszawa Statutes also curbed the power of the magnates , as the Sejm -LRB- national parliament -RRB- received the right to elect many officials , including judges , voivods and castellans .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17405_s",
              "question": "When was the nizeva decree approved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1454",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8188_s",
          "context": ". She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . Salisbury 's government only lasted a few months , however , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who beat Gladstone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Gladstone yet again in the general elction?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5806_s",
          "context": "Influential gospel/R & B-influenced Aly-us released `` Time Passes On '' in 1993 -LRB- Strictly Rhythm -RRB- , then later , `` Follow Me '' which received radio airplay as well as being played in clubs . Another U.S. hit which received radio play was the single `` Time for the Perculator '' by Cajmere , which became the prototype of ghetto house subgenre . Cajmere started the Cajual and Relief labels -LRB- amongst others -RRB- . By the early 1990s artists such as Cajmere himself -LRB- under that name as well as Green Velvet and as producer for Dajae -RRB- , Glenn Underground and others did many recordings . The 1990s saw new Chicago house artists emerge such as DJ Funk , who operates a Chicago house record label called Dance Mania . Ghetto house and acid house were other house music styles that were also started in Chicago .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b74a0eeca41400aa0d84_s",
              "question": "Who published the hit single \"time of the spy\" in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cajmere",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who released the hit single \"time for the perculator\" in the us?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3984_s",
          "context": ", fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island . , new generators were installed and uninterrupted power was restored . This fire was devastating to the island because fishing is a mainstay of the economy . While a new factory was being planned and built , M/V Kelso came to the island and acted as a factory ship . The new facility was ready in July 2009 , for the start of the 2009 -- 10 fishing season .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f3_s",
              "question": "When can the new fishing ground be deployed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 2009",
                  "answer_start": 394
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was the new fishing factory ready for use?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5266_s",
          "context": "The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187.[Z] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader states had been captured or forced from the mainland, although a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem survived on the island of Cyprus for several years afterwards.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d8f_s",
              "question": "Who occupied Jerusalem in 1187?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saladin",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took Jerusalem in 1187?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-221_s",
          "context": ", in France , where he composed most of his works , and beyond , Chopin 's music , his status as one of music 's earliest superstars , his association -LRB- if only indirect -RRB- with political insurrection , his love life and his early death have made him , in the public consciousness , a leading symbol of the Romantic era . His works remain popular , and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "poland"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5a5aaab44d1400b890dd_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin create most of his works?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "France",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin create most of his works?"
            }
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1328_s",
          "context": "The thirteenth season premiered on January 15 , 2014 , with Ryan Seacrest returning as host . , Jr. joined Urban on the panel . Also .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "louis j. horvitz",
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            "jesse ignjatovic",
            "nicki minaj",
            "jennifer lopez"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d380a459d6e41400146588_s",
              "question": "Who is the host of \"American Idol\" season 13?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ryan Seacrest",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the host of American idol in its thirteenth season?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-772_s",
          "context": ", Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her , granting interviews , visiting schools , and attending events honoring the book . , it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize , stunning Lee . Starting in 1964 , Lee began to turn down interviews , complaining that the questions were monotonous , and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought . Since the , she declined talking with reporters about the book . She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction : `` Introductions inhibit pleasure , they kill the joy of anticipation , they frustrate curiosity . The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come . Mockingbird still says what it has to say . ''",
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              "id": "56cf572daab44d1400b89074_s",
              "question": "When did Harper Lee begin to refuse interviews and questions about the book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1440_s",
          "context": "In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bronze dog figurines.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b2_s",
              "question": "Who has two Four Eyed dogs in Indian mythology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yama",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owns two dogs with four eyes each in Hindu mythology?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": ", and after a brief ministry led by Russell , Derby returned to power . , Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert 's death . , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . Victoria found Gladstone 's demeanour far less appealing ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
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              "id": "5726341a271a42140099d751_s",
              "question": "When did Derby resign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1868",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Derby resign?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7761_s",
          "context": "Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57101911b654c5140001f7e0_s",
              "question": "Who was the last person to be hanged in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Marshall",
                  "answer_start": 437
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5733_s",
          "context": "The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it \"music piracy\". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57062ef375f01819005e7a48_s",
              "question": "Who is the record company's target?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napster",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the target of the record companies?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8158_s",
          "context": "On 14 January 1858 . The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government . Derby was reinstated as prime minister . , in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere . On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one . Derby 's ministry did not last long .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "victoria"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722d2050dadf01500fa1f0d_s",
              "question": "Where is osini from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Britain",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Orsini from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7786_s",
          "context": ", gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES 's dominance . Instead , the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan , outselling the newer and more powerful NEC PC Engine and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin . The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993 , when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted . The final Famicom game released in Japan is Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV -LRB- Adventure Island IV -RRB- , while in North America , Wario 's Woods is the final licensed game . In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new software titles . However , attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "late 1993",
            "the 1990s",
            "september 25, 2003",
            "the first year",
            "october 31, 2007",
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57111975a58dae1900cd6c29_s",
              "question": "When does the need for new NES software expire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1993",
                  "answer_start": 414
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the demand for new NES software dry up?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13349_s",
          "context": "Following the announcement of Nasser 's death , Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock . Nasser 's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners . His flag-draped coffin was attached to a gun carriage pulled by six horses and led by a column of cavalrymen . All Arab heads of state attended , with the exception of Saudi King Faisal . A few major non-Arab dignitaries were present .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572835783acd2414000df6fb_s",
              "question": "Who is the only Arab leader who did not attend Nasser's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saudi King Faisal",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only Arab leader not to attend Nasser's funeral?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10874_s",
          "context": "In October 1919 , Cambridge , where he studied history , economics and civics for a year . On 4 June 1920 . He began to take on more royal duties . He represented his father , and toured coal mines , factories , and railyards . Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the `` Industrial Prince '' . His stammer , and his embarrassment over it , together with his tendency to shyness , caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother , Edward . However , he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis . , losing in the first round . He developed an interest in working conditions . His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572814934b864d1900164406_s",
              "question": "Who is Albert's brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward",
                  "answer_start": 459
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Albert's older brother?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4160_s",
          "context": "Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f738413d8e2e1400e37494_s",
              "question": "Who helped compile the symbol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pythagoras",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped codify musical notation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13131_s",
          "context": "The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as \"City Hall\" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out \"...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman.\"",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281d803acd2414000df4d4_s",
              "question": "When was the old library destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1871",
                  "answer_start": 298
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the previous library destroyed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18736_s",
          "context": "Police development-aid to weak , failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention . , especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict -LRB- Goldsmith and Sheptycki , 2007 -RRB- With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark and there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions -LRB- Hills , 2009 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732baf1328d981900602037_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about police development assistance in 2007?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Goldsmith and Sheptycki",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote about police development-aid in 2007?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2934_s",
          "context": "To raise money , including cable network USA , to Barry Diller -LRB- these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices -RRB- . In June 2000 , which owned StudioCanal . Afterward . , such as Love Actually -LRB- an $ 40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $ 246 million worldwide -RRB- . In late 2000 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16960cd28a01900c678a4_s",
              "question": "Who bought CNN from higland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barry Diller",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9625_s",
          "context": ". His descendants built Southdale Center in 1956 . Dayton 's grew to 19 stores under the Dayton 's name plus five other regional names acquired by Dayton-Hudson . , but expanded its other retail operations . , Dayton 's and Hudson 's were consolidated into the Marshall Field 's name . In 2005 , May Department Stores acquired all of the Marshall Field 's stores and shortly thereafter .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1902",
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            "1956",
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            "1990"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267d63708984140094c7e3_s",
              "question": "When did nangu Center open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Southdale Center opened? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10694_s",
          "context": "In Anglo-American academic political philosophy , the publication of John Rawls 's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone . Rawls used a thought experiment , the original position , in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance . Rawls also offered a criticism of utilitarian approaches to questions of political justice . , State , and Utopia , which won a National Book Award , responded to Rawls from a libertarian perspective and gained academic respectability for libertarian viewpoints .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a5d15951b619008f78f3_s",
              "question": "When was the theory of justice published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was A Theory of Justice published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11557_s",
          "context": "Regarding the timing of German rapprochement , whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany , removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany . '' , association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain , and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin , his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany . -LSB- f -RSB- Likewise . The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany . '' , 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany , but rather was Stalin 's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man , namely Molotov . , but that they did not abandon British -- French talks . -- French talks .",
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            "carr",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dfa9708984140094d44c_s",
              "question": "Who ordered the expulsion of Jews from the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 628
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4757_s",
          "context": "On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f8cfb29e9bad19000a056e_s",
              "question": "Who controlled the country after the coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mamadu Ture Kuruma",
                  "answer_start": 197
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7090_s",
          "context": "Apple spent $ 2.5 million purchasing all 39 advertising pages in a special , and ran a `` Test Drive a Macintosh '' promotion , in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards . While 200,000 people participated , dealers disliked the promotion , the supply of computers was insufficient for demand , and many were returned in such a bad condition that they could no longer be sold . This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from US$ 1,995 to US$ 2,495 -LRB- about $ 5,200 when adjusted for inflation in 2010 -RRB- . The computer sold well , nonetheless . By April 1984 the company sold 50,000 Macintoshes , and hoped for 70,000 by early May and almost 250,000 by the end of the year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "apple",
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            {
              "id": "570cd5d7b3d812140066d2a9_s",
              "question": "Who was Apple's CEO during the test drive of the Macintosh?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Sculley",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7159_s",
          "context": ", designed by John M. Browning . It was standardised in 1927 as the T9 AA cannon , but trials quickly revealed that it was worthless in the ground role . However , while the shell was a bit light -LRB- well under 2 lbs -RRB- it had a good effective ceiling and fired 125 rounds per minute ; an AA carriage was developed and it entered service in 1939 . The Browning 37 mm proved prone to jamming . , but none were acquired before 1939 . Also . It proved unsuccessful and was abandoned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "us army",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d67fafed7b91900d46012_s",
              "question": "Who designed this gun?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John M. Browning",
                  "answer_start": 14
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed this cannon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-106_s",
          "context": "... . the result , the logical end point , of a century-plus of pop . '' When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade , `` Why Beyoncé ? -LSB- ... -RSB- Because she made not one but two of the decade 's greatest singles , with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- , not to mention her hits with Destiny 's Child ; and this was the decade when singles -- particularly R&B singles -- regained their status as pop 's favourite medium . -LSB- ... -RSB- -LSB- She -RSB- and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years . '' In 2013 , Baz Luhrmann writing `` no one has that voice , no one moves the way she moves , no one can hold an audience the way she does , it 's an event , and it 's broadly influential . Right now , she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA -- the reigning national voice . '' In 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baz luhrmann",
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            {
              "id": "56d4e91b2ccc5a1400d83333_s",
              "question": "Who says beyocommit233 is a famous woman in America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baz Luhrmann",
                  "answer_start": 606
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8936_s",
          "context": ", British , and French administration -RRB- created in the aftermath of World War II . Initially , in 1949 , the states of the Federal Republic were Baden , Bavaria -LRB- in German : Bayern -RRB- , Bremen , Hamburg , Hesse -LRB- Hessen -RRB- , Lower Saxony -LRB- Niedersachsen -RRB- , North Rhine Westphalia -LRB- Nordrhein-Westfalen -RRB- , Rhineland-Palatinate -LRB- Rheinland-Pfalz -RRB- , Schleswig-Holstein , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern . West Berlin , while officially not part of the Federal Republic , was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e330708984140094d4d5_s",
              "question": "When was the Federal Republic of Germany founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Federal Republic of Germany formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1732_s",
          "context": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15 , 1960 . Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country 's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9473_s",
              "question": "Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fulbert Youlou",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14725_s",
          "context": "During his brief majority reign . The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice , whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem 's murder in 1651 . , effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family . The Köprülü Vizierate saw renewed military success with authority restored in Transylvania , and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a28cdaf94a219006aa83f_s",
              "question": "When was k246 murdered?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1651",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was Kösem murdered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11405_s",
          "context": "NigComSat-1 , was Nigeria 's third satellite and Africa 's first communication satellite . , from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China . The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency , NASRDA . On 11 November 2008 , NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array . It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus , and carries a variety of transponders : 4 C-band ; 14 Ku-band ; 8 Ka-band ; and 2 L-band . It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa , and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e9d2dd62a815002e94f9_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria lose the power of its third satellite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 November 2008",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria's third satellite run out of power?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10018_s",
          "context": "By 2013 , Madonna 's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $ 400,000 . When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013 , President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity , accusing her of exaggerating her charity 's contribution . Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors . `` I have no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations , '' she added . Later , it was confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released written by her press team and was `` incandescent with anger '' over the mix-up .",
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            {
              "id": "5726edb4dd62a815002e957a_s",
              "question": "Who criticized Madonna's philanthropy for exaggerating her contribution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President of Malawi Joyce Banda",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13404_s",
          "context": "According to Martin Heidegger we do not exist inside time, we are time. Hence, the relationship to the past is a present awareness of having been, which allows the past to exist in the present. The relationship to the future is the state of anticipating a potential possibility, task, or engagement. It is related to the human propensity for caring and being concerned, which causes \"being ahead of oneself\" when thinking of a pending occurrence. Therefore, this concern for a potential occurrence also allows the future to exist in the present. The present becomes an experience, which is qualitative instead of quantitative. Heidegger seems to think this is the way that a linear relationship with time, or temporal existence, is broken or transcended. We are not stuck in sequential time. We are able to remember the past and project into the future—we have a kind of random access to our representation of temporal existence; we can, in our thoughts, step out of (ecstasis) sequential time.",
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            {
              "id": "5728076e4b864d1900164282_s",
              "question": "Who proposed that human beings do not exist in time, but in time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Heidegger",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suggested that humankind does not exist inside time, but is time?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9719_s",
          "context": "Between 2005 and 2006 , Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour , which was the first time Queen toured since their last tour with Freddie Mercury in 1986 . The band 's drummer Roger Taylor commented ; `` We never thought we would tour again , Paul -LSB- Rodgers -RSB- came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry . Paul is just such a great singer . He 's not trying to be Freddie . '' The first leg was in Europe . , on 25 May 2006 . The Foo Fighters paid homage to the band in performing `` Tie Your Mother Down '' to open the ceremony before being joined on stage by May , Taylor , and Paul Rodgers , who played a selection of Queen hits .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726c910708984140094d15e_s",
              "question": "Where was the first stage for the queen and Paul Rogers in the mid-2000s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 424
                }
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              "original_question": "Where was the first leg of Queen's mid 2000s tour with Paul Rodgers?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8174_s",
          "context": "On 29 May 1842 , Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall , London ; he escaped . The following day , though faster and with a greater escort . As expected , but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen , and convicted of high treason . On 3 July , but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge . Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail . In a similar attack in 1849 , London . In 1850 , the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer , Robert Pate . , Pate struck her with his cane , crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5724fd9a0ba9f01400d97c1f_s",
              "question": "Who received a seven-year traffic ticket for hitting Victoria on the head with a stick?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Pate",
                  "answer_start": 513
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What person recieved a seven year transportation sentence for striking Victoria on the head with his cane? "
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14316_s",
          "context": ". During the debate , slated to focus on foreign policy , saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia . , `` Well , actually , he forgot Poland . '' Later , a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively , strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign . In the days after .",
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              "id": "572956463f37b31900478284_s",
              "question": "Who is considered the winner of the debate?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Kerry",
                  "answer_start": 279
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was considered to have been the winner of the debate?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6447_s",
          "context": "1 STOBAR carrier : Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov : 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier . Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi . Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conventional bombing strikes . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Officially designated an aircraft carrying cruiser , she is unique in carrying a heavy cruiser 's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles . The P-700 systems will be removed in the coming refit to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities as well as upgrading her defensive systems .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570b09a96b8089140040f701_s",
              "question": "When did Admiral sowetkovo launch the Soyuz Kuznetsov for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1985",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10635_s",
          "context": "In England , partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of ` high church ' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century , neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical , civic and institutional architecture . , in Britain , is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic -RRB- , gradually widened to encompass `` low church '' as well as `` high church '' clients . This period of more universal appeal , is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5726d4dfdd62a815002e919a_s",
              "question": "When did the new Goths begin to be popular with influential people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "during the second quarter of the 19th century",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was neo-Gothic popularized by influential figures?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4013_s",
          "context": "The KU men 's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898 . The team has won five national titles , 1988 , and 2008 . The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070 -- 806 through the 2011 -- 12 season . Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain , who played in the 1950s . In addition .",
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            {
              "id": "56e79bf200c9c71400d7739a_s",
              "question": "Who is considered the most famous basketball graduate of the university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilt Chamberlain",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is considered the most famous basketball alumnus of KU?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-670_s",
          "context": "New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media . The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network , founded in 1971 . WNET is the city 's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service -LRB- PBS -RRB- television programming . WNYC , has the largest public radio audience in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cffbdd234ae51400d9c1f4_s",
              "question": "When was the Manhattan Community network established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15721_s",
          "context": ". American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight . Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias , the `` Swamp Fox '' . The British retained control of the city until December 1782 . After the British left , the city 's name was officially changed to Charleston in 1783 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "charles towne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730261da23a5019007fce70_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the U.S. Army defending Charles Townsend?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Benjamin Lincoln",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the American forces defending Charles Towne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14932_s",
          "context": ", Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas . As a result , the economic base of Philadelphia , which had historically been manufacturing , declined significantly . In addition , consolidation in several American industries -LRB- retailing , financial services and health care in particular -RRB- reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia . The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia 's tax base and the resources of local government . Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes , coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city . The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s . , with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8e0834ae481900deab82_s",
              "question": "When did the city go bankrupt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 827
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the city near bankruptcy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-97_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama -LRB- also the name of a song in B'Day -RRB- which includes bassists , drummers , guitarists , horn players , keyboardists and percussionists . Her background singers , The Mamas , consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell , Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick . They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for `` Irreplaceable '' and `` Green Light '' . The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2009",
            "2013",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec29b3aeaaa14008c9382_s",
              "question": "When was Mom's first performance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Mamas first appearance was when?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16495_s",
          "context": ". , the University was the target of critical editorials in the local African American press , letter-writing campaigns by churches and the local Urban League , and legal briefs by the NAACP intended to strip its tax-exempt status . , a Washington University student group , the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes -LRB- SCAN -RRB- , began campaigning for full racial integration . In May 1952 , the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the school 's undergraduate divisions .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "spring 1949"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f9b7f947a6a140053cac4_s",
              "question": "When did the foundation board of directors pass a resolution desecrating the undergraduate Department of the University of Washington?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1952",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Board of Trustees pass a resolution to desegregate the Washington University undergraduate division? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2418_s",
          "context": "Her Majesty 's Courts Service provide a Magistrates ' Court and a Combined Crown and County Court in the city . The Plymouth Borough Police , formed in 1836 . , Crownhill , Greenbank . The Royal National Lifeboat Institution have an Atlantic 85 class lifeboat and Severn class lifeboat stationed at Millbay Docks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "crownhill",
            "devon",
            "camel",
            "plympton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c1f_s",
              "question": "Where is the police headquarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Crownhill",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the police divisional headquarters located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8816_s",
          "context": "Lewis Latimer , developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes , such as the characteristic `` M '' shape of Maxim filaments . On 17 January 1882 , Latimer received a patent for the `` Process of Manufacturing Carbons '' , an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments . Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lewis latimer",
            "edison",
            "united states electric light company"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d9dd89a1e219009abfb6_s",
              "question": "Who invented a heat treatment method that can form carbon wire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lewis Latimer",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1144_s",
          "context": "In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself.",
          "c_entity": [
            "buddha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1f2b4e7d4791d009025b0_s",
              "question": "Who should go beyond the scope and scope of thought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buddha",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3569_s",
          "context": "Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces formic, acetic, lactic and oxalic acids.",
          "c_entity": [
            "library of congress"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7671700c9c71400d770b9_s",
              "question": "Who sponsored tests that showed all papers were acid etched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Library of Congress",
                  "answer_start": 216
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17662_s",
          "context": "The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish). The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. (See also: vowel reduction in Russian.)",
          "c_entity": [
            "st. petersburg phonological school"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f38405b4da19006bcc74_s",
              "question": "Who says Russian has six vowels?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "St. Petersburg Phonological School",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who says Russian has 6 vowels?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3251_s",
          "context": "In 1993 , browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic , `` the world 's first popular browser '' , which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person . The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 -- one of the first graphical web browsers -- led to an explosion in web use . Andreessen , soon started his own company , which quickly became the world 's most popular browser , accounting for 90 % of all web use at its peak -LRB- see usage share of web browsers -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andreesen",
            "netscape navigator",
            "marc andreessen",
            "ncsa",
            "national center for supercomputing applications"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f3_s",
              "question": "Who released the mosaic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marc Andreessen",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who released Mosaic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2440_s",
          "context": "Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor , the first Christian heretic to be executed , was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery , and put to death with four or five followers . However , but `` believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil '' . For some years after the Reformation , Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics , including Catholics . The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826 . The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various `` ecclesiastical authorities '' -LSB- note 1 -RSB- is not known . But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma , and they will be ruled heretically '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ambrose",
            "nag hammadi",
            "peter",
            "priscillian",
            "pope siricius",
            "cayetano ripoll"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de70e54396321400ee28ea_s",
              "question": "Who was the last person to be sentenced to death for heresy in the Roman Catholic Church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cayetano Ripoll",
                  "answer_start": 578
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7688_s",
          "context": "Dell 's manufacturing process covers assembly , software installation , functional testing -LRB- including `` burn-in '' -RRB- , and quality control . Throughout most of the company 's history , Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house . The company 's approach has changed , as cited in the 2006 Annual Report , which states , `` We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships . '' The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that `` Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell '' their plants . By the late 2000s , Dell 's `` configure to order '' approach of manufacturing -- delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wall street journal",
            "dell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fc88e80d9841400ab3680_s",
              "question": "Who reported that Dell sold their production equipment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Wall Street Journal",
                  "answer_start": 543
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported that Dell was offering to sell their manufacturing plants?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13268_s",
          "context": ". The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation , civil disobedience and economic resistance . However , revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle . All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1935",
            "15 august 1947",
            "1920"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728cd672ca10214002da829_s",
              "question": "When did India gain independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 August 1947",
                  "answer_start": 497
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did India gain its independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1639_s",
          "context": "Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.",
          "c_entity": [
            "late 2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573263d4b9d445190005eadb_s",
              "question": "When did the law enforcement epidemic begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 2006",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15450_s",
          "context": "International reactions to Gaddafi 's death were divided . Contrastingly , Gaddafi would `` enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations '' , while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as `` a great fighter , a revolutionary and a martyr . '' , praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance . Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa , for instance , a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone . , Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship , and that he was `` a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa . '' The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi , this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was `` martyr or villain . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "nelson mandela",
            "african national congress",
            "barack obama",
            "fidel castro",
            "david cameron",
            "hugo chávez",
            "daily times of nigeria",
            "gaddafi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fb_s",
              "question": "Who called Gaddafi a martyr?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hugo Chávez",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7891_s",
          "context": ". That council also anathematized Arius . Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians , in 335 . There . On 6 November . At that meeting . He was found guilty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "augusta treverorum",
            "lycopolis",
            "meletius",
            "athanasius",
            "constantine",
            "arians",
            "first council of nicaea",
            "first synod of tyre"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571adf0732177014007e9f72_s",
              "question": "Who was he accused of hurting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arians and Meletians",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was he accused of harming?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16503_s",
          "context": "Tyson Research Center is a 2,000-acre -LRB- 809 ha -RRB- field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River . Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963 . It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2010",
            "summer",
            "1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd2e504bcaa1900d76d8e_s",
              "question": "When did Washington University acquire the property of the Tyson research center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Washington University acquire the property for Tyson Research Center?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6995_s",
          "context": "Television shows are produced in Melbourne , most notably Neighbours , Kath & Kim , Winners and Losers , Offspring , Underbelly , House Husbands , along with national news-based programs such as The Project , Insiders and ABC News Breakfast . ; productions such as Million Dollar Minute , Millionaire Hot Seat and Family Feud are all based in Melbourne . Reality television productions such as Dancing with the Stars , MasterChef , The Block and The Real Housewives of Melbourne are all filmed in and around Melbourne .",
          "c_entity": [
            "australia",
            "miss",
            "melbourne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e7c160b85d914000d7f3e_s",
              "question": "Where are we shooting dance with stars, chef and this movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in and around Melbourne",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Dancing with the Stars, MasterChef, and The Block filmed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18610_s",
          "context": "Since the late 1980s , significant development has occurred in the Bronx , first stimulated by the city 's `` Ten-Year Housing Plan '' and community members working to rebuild the social , economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing . The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos ' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx . The IRT White Plains Road Line -LRB- 2 5 trains -RRB- began to show an increase in riders . , Staples , and Target opened stores in the Bronx . More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole -LRB- rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007 -RRB- , although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods , while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nehemiah homes",
            "marshalls",
            "nos quedamos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573253910fdd8d15006c69ac_s",
              "question": "Who led the Melrose commons project?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nos Quedamos",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Melrose Commons project?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11937_s",
          "context": "In May 1845 , the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions . The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries . The split created the Southern Baptist Convention . The Methodist Episcopal Church , South had recently separated over the issue of slavery , and southern Presbyterians would do so shortly thereafter .",
          "c_entity": [
            "home mission society",
            "southern baptist convention",
            "american baptist churches usa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727de03ff5b5019007d9719_s",
              "question": "Who stopped slave owners from becoming missionaries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Home Mission Society",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who prevented slaveholders from being appointed missionaries?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4472_s",
          "context": "Subsequently . The Germans erected a sign declaring a `` Imperial German Protectorate '' at Jaluit . It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain , which almost provoked a war , was in fact `` a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands '' , despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia . Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1884",
            "november 1",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9586b9b226e1400dd1378_s",
              "question": "When did Germany buy the marshal from Spain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Germany buy the Marshalls from Spain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4404_s",
          "context": "On 21 December 1941 , the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade -LRB- commanded by Koča Popović -RRB- and on 1 March 1942 , Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade . In liberated territories , the Partisans organised People 's Committees to act as civilian government . -- 27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943 . In the two sessions , the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country , deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations . In Jajce , a 67-member `` presidency '' was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation -LRB- five communist members -RRB- as a de facto provisional government . Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bihać",
            "jajce"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71e4d711bf01900a4499d_s",
              "question": "Where is the 67 year old \"President\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jajce",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the 67-member \"presidency\" located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18451_s",
          "context": "The Armenians collective has , at times , constituted a Christian `` island '' in a mostly Muslim region . There is , however , a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims , known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race , while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years . Later on , the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin , the original seat of the Catholicosate . In 1441 , while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia . Therefore , since 1441 , there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges , and with their respective jurisdictions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kirakos virapetsi",
            "krikor moussapegiants",
            "european crusader states",
            "kingdom of cilicia",
            "catholicosate of cilicia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573237dcb9d445190005e8e8_s",
              "question": "Who is still a philanthropic Catholic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Krikor Moussapegiants",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11605_s",
          "context": "The earliest Greek philosophers , known as the pre-Socratics , provided competing answers to the question found in the myths of their neighbors : `` How did the ordered cosmos in which we live come to be ? '' The pre-Socratic philosopher Thales -LRB- 640-546 BC -RRB- , dubbed the `` father of science '' , was the first to postulate non-supernatural explanations for natural phenomena , for example , that land floats on water and that earthquakes are caused by the agitation of the water upon which the land floats , rather than the god Poseidon . , which investigated mathematics for its own sake , and was the first to postulate that the Earth is spherical in shape . Leucippus -LRB- 5th century BC -RRB- introduced atomism , the theory that all matter is made of indivisible , imperishable units called atoms . This was greatly expanded by his pupil Democritus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thales",
            "pythagoras of samos"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f75ddd62a815002e9674_s",
              "question": "Who is called \"the father of science\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thales",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named \"the father of science\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5653_s",
          "context": "The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk . Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house , the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions . By 1914 , the hotel 's owner , Daniel White , taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim . Rising 16 stories , the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city 's best-known landmarks . The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mclanahan",
            "daniel white"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706160975f01819005e7968_s",
              "question": "Who owns the traymore hotel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel White",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the owner of The Traymore Hotel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4090_s",
          "context": "A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.",
          "c_entity": [
            "heinz kloss"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8242300c9c71400d775d3_s",
              "question": "Who developed the language of abstention and the concept of language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Heinz Kloss",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17386_s",
          "context": "In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. The Tangut Empire was especially efficient in such efforts; exploiting the then newly invented block printing, and with the full support of the government (contemporary sources describe the Emperor and his mother personally contributing to the translation effort, alongside sages of various nationalities), the Tanguts took mere decades to translate volumes that had taken the Chinese centuries to render.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573076138ab72b1400f9c50a_s",
              "question": "Where does Buddhism spread?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Buddhism spread?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
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          "context": "By 326 BC , Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent . There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes -LRB- near modern-day Jhelum , Pakistan -RRB- and conquered much of the Punjab . His army , exhausted and frightened by the prospect of facing larger Indian armies at the Ganges River , mutinied at the Hyphasis -LRB- modern Beas River -RRB- and refused to march further East . Alexander , after the meeting with his officer , Coenus , and learning about the might of Nanda Empire , was convinced that it was better to return .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did Alexander the great arrive in India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "326 BC",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Alexander the Great reach India?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1311_s",
          "context": ". That week , Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor , the first Idol alum to do so . Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21 , 2010 , and raised $ 45 million .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37bf859d6e414001464f5_s",
              "question": "Who was the first American Idol candidate to return to the show as a mentor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adam Lambert",
                  "answer_start": 14
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first American Idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12898_s",
          "context": "Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War , which fought with distinction and suffered 82 % casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 . , DC ! '' George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the `` Wolverines '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ba3c2ca10214002d94cd_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of Wolverine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Armstrong Custer",
                  "answer_start": 200
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Wolverine Brigade?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8704_s",
          "context": "Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger 's first eleven seasons at the club , although on no occasion were they able to retain the title . , they were one of only five teams , the others being Manchester United , Blackburn Rovers , Chelsea , and Manchester City , to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992 . -- 06 , in which they were beaten 2 -- 1 by Barcelona . , they moved into the Emirates Stadium .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725dd19ec44d21400f3d6e4_s",
              "question": "When was the Premier League established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Premier League created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7590_s",
          "context": ". In a magazine , which he owned and edited , Lord Altrincham accused her of being `` out of touch '' . Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments . , in 1963 , Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister , advice that she followed . The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister . , the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader , thus relieving her of involvement .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f8ec180d9841400ab35c1_s",
              "question": "When did Macmillan resign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Macmillan resign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6301_s",
          "context": ". In his theory , known as `` emotion . '' To account for different types of emotional experiences , which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain . The Danish psychologist Carl Lange also proposed a similar theory at around the same time -- Lange theory . , `` the perception of bodily changes , as they occur , is the emotion . '' , angry because we strike , afraid because we tremble , and neither we cry , strike , nor tremble because we are sorry , angry , or fearful , as the case may be . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "Who put forward a theory like James?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carl Lange",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed a theory similar to that of James?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9614_s",
          "context": "In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hypermarkets operating under their names. Retailers Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue also have plans to come to the Mall of San Juan, a new high-end retail project with over 100 tenants. The mall is set to open in March 2015.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726746a708984140094c6b8_s",
              "question": "When does San Juan shopping center open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2015",
                  "answer_start": 531
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the Mall of San Juan expected to open? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15019_s",
          "context": "During their investigation of Noriega , Kerry 's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International -LRB- BCCI -RRB- had facilitated Noriega 's drug trafficking and money laundering . This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI , and as a result , banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991 . , Kerry and Senator Hank Brown , a Republican from Colorado , released The BCCI Affair , a report on the BCCI scandal . The report showed that the bank was crooked and was working with terrorists , including Abu Nidal . It blasted the Department of Justice , the Department of the Treasury , the Customs Service , the Federal Reserve Bank , as well as influential lobbyists and the CIA .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac034f75d5e190021fc9e_s",
              "question": "When did BCCI close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was BCCI shut down?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9916_s",
          "context": "In September 1982 , Prime minister Margaret Thatcher travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government on the future of Britain 's last major and most populous overseas territory , Hong Kong . Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking , Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity , but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories , which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898 , due to expire in 1997 . Thatcher , seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands , initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty , though this was rejected by China . A deal was reached in 1984 -- under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration , Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People 's Republic of China , maintaining its way of life for at least 50 years . The handover ceremony in 1997 marked for many , Prince of Wales , who was in attendance , `` the end of Empire '' .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269184f1498d1400e8e406_s",
              "question": "Who was the British Prime Minister in 1982?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Margaret Thatcher",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was the British Prime Minister in 1982?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15147_s",
          "context": "-- 1830 -RRB- is the interrelation between individual humans , which he conceives in terms of `` mutual recognition . '' However , what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement , is that Hegel , in the Philosophy of Right , believed the best solution was to surrender one 's individuality to the customs of the State , identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality . Individual human will ought , at the State 's highest level of development , to properly coincide with the will of the State . Submitting one 's will to the State denies personal freedom , choice , and responsibility .",
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              "question": "Who should Hegel rule the will of the individual?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "State",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
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              "original_question": "Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": ", England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal 's monopoly of trade with Asia , forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages -- the English , later British , East India Company and the Dutch East India Company . The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade , an effort focused mainly on two regions ; the East Indies archipelago , and an important hub in the trade network , India . There , they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other . Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power . , bringing peace between the Netherlands and England . A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England , but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability , and by 1720 , in terms of sales , the British company had overtaken the Dutch .",
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              "question": "When did the British East India Company outsource the Dutch East India Company?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1720",
                  "answer_start": 869
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had the British East India Company overtaken the Dutch East India Company in sales?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ". Hugo Preuss , the father of the Weimar Constitution , drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states . His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government . Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles : Three fifth of the votes handed in , and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory . In fact , whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria , Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922 . Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms .",
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              "question": "When did pimont join Prussia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 543
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pyrmont join Prussia?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7679_s",
          "context": "In the paper \"Who's Gay? Does It Matter?\", Ritch Savin-Williams proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated. For example:",
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              "question": "Who wrote the paper and who was gay? Does it matter?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ritch Savin-Williams",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the paper \"Whos Gay? Does It Matter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14725_s",
          "context": "During his brief majority reign , Murad IV -LRB- 1612 -- 1640 -RRB- reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq -LRB- 1639 -RRB- from the Safavids . The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya . The Sultanate of women -LRB- 1648 -- 1656 -RRB- was a period in which the mothers of young sultans exercised power on behalf of their sons . , whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem 's murder in 1651 . During the Köprülü Era -LRB- 1656 -- 1703 -RRB- . , the conquest of Crete completed in 1669 , and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine , with the strongholds of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia ceding to Ottoman control in 1676 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who won Iraq in 1639?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Murad IV",
                  "answer_start": 34
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recaptured Iraq in 1639?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12046_s",
          "context": "The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina , in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861 . At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 . During the Battle of Chickamauga . , a cavalry unit . For many years , North Carolinians proudly boasted that they had been `` First at Bethel , Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga , and Last at Appomattox . ''",
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              "question": "Who was the first Confederate soldier to die in the civil war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Private Henry Wyatt",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the first confederate soldier to be killed in the civil war?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "context": "Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly , MC5 , Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge . San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran 's classic `` Summertime Blues '' , from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum , that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound . The same month , including `` Born to Be Wild '' , which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider -LRB- 1969 -RRB- . Iron Butterfly 's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida -LRB- 1968 -RRB- , with its 17-minute-long title track , using organs and with a lengthy drum solo , also prefigured later elements of the sound .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570b5fef6b8089140040f8e0_s",
              "question": "Where is the blue flag band?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "San Francisco",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the band Blue Cheer from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-330_s",
          "context": "A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court , while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the `` length and arduousness of the journey '' to China as another reason not to make an appearance . This first request by the Ming was made in 1407 , this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian -LRB- 候顯 , which was again refused by Tsongkhapa . Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court -- the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet . This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning , or to have given its holder any power , at Tsongkhapa 's Ganden Monastery . Wylie notes that this -- like the Karma Kargyu -- can not be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices .",
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              "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa6569_s",
              "question": "When did the Ming Dynasty first ask zongkaba to appear in court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1407",
                  "answer_start": 288
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2308_s",
          "context": "Schwarzenegger then went against the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat , Susan Kennedy , as his Chief of Staff . Schwarzenegger gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position , determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56debe573277331400b4d705_s",
              "question": "Who did Schwarzenegger choose as chief of staff?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Susan Kennedy",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Schwarzenegger choose as Chief of Staff?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12832_s",
          "context": "USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0 that eliminates the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB. It was adopted as a standard by the USB Implementers Forum in 2007. The HSIC physical layer uses about 50% less power and 75% less board area compared to traditional USB 2.0. HSIC uses two signals at 1.2 V and has a throughput of 480 Mbit/s. Maximum PCB trace length for HSIC is 10 cm. It does not have low enough latency to support RAM memory sharing between two chips.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728089f2ca10214002d9c14_s",
              "question": "When USB 2.0 high-speed chip is adopted as standard by USB implementer Forum",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip adopted as the standard by the USB Implementers Forum"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9112_s",
          "context": "In the 14th century , much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Byzantine Empire at first to the Serbs and then to the Ottomans . By the beginning of the 15th century , the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to its then-largest city , Thessaloniki , and the Peloponnese -LRB- Despotate of the Morea -RRB- . After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 . However , this , too , fell to the Ottomans in 1460 , completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece . With the Turkish conquest , many Byzantine Greek scholars , who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge , fled to the West , taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262f3689a1e219009ac51e_s",
              "question": "Who defeated Constantinople in 1453?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Ottomans",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Constantinople was overcome by who in 1453?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8033_s",
          "context": ", setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs . The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock , and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance . , which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt . Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state , and licensed the technology to Parke Davis . Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin . Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks , and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 -LRB- Primatene Mist -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a79d910f8ca1400305085_s",
              "question": "When is adrenaline no longer available in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 874
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did epinephrine stop being available in the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9423_s",
          "context": "The Museo Soumaya , named after the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim , has the largest private collection of original Rodin sculptures outside Paris . It also has a large collection of Dalí sculptures , Velázquez , Picasso and Canaletto . The museum inaugurated a new futuristic-design facility in 2011 just north of Polanco , while maintaining a smaller facility in Plaza Loreto in southern Mexico City . The Colección Júmex is a contemporary art museum located on the sprawling grounds of the Jumex juice company in the northern industrial suburb of Ecatepec . It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists . The Museo de San Ildefonso . Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle , Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck . The National Museum of Art -LRB- Museo Nacional de Arte -RRB- is also located in a former palace in the historic center .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bc21f1498d1400e8e965_s",
              "question": "When did the new design of the museum open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the new design of the museum open?"
            }
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2036_s",
          "context": "The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen . , and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan -LRB- Iranian -RRB- and Indo-Aryan -LRB- Indic -RRB- . Some recent scholarship , primarily in German , has revived this convention .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ea_s",
              "question": "When was the first time to use the Iranian language family?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1836",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11167_s",
          "context": "The Russians sent a fleet to Sinop in northern Anatolia . Public opinion in the UK and France was outraged and demanded war . Sinop provided the United Kingdom and France with the casus belli -LRB- `` cause for war '' -RRB- for declaring war against Russia . On 28 March 1854 , after Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities , the UK and France formally declared war .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e159708984140094d495_s",
              "question": "When did Russia ignore the ultimatum to leave the Danube princess?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "28 March 1854",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Russia disregard the ultimatum to leave the Danubian Principalities?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6639_s",
          "context": "The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920 . Several hundred thousand square miles -LRB- several hundred thousand square kilometers -RRB- of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile -LRB- 2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer -RRB- -- the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier `` closed '' in 1893 . Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile -LRB- 0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer -RRB- . There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone . This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region . In addition , the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities . The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable , and there has been a proposal - the `` Buffalo Commons '' - to return approximately 139,000 square miles -LRB- 360,000 km2 -RRB- of these drier parts to native prairie land .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570b8145ec8fbc190045ba3d_s",
              "question": "Who declared the U.S. border \"closed\" in 1893?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick Jackson Turner",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who declated the American frontier \"closed\" in 1893?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3112_s",
          "context": "Other Christian denominations on the island include : Roman Catholic -LRB- since 1852 -RRB- , in more recent times , New Apostolic and Jehovah 's Witnesses -LRB- of which one in 35 residents is a member , the highest ratio of any country -RRB- . The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f3_s",
              "question": "When did Roman Catholics begin to appear on the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1852",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Roman Catholics start to appear on the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4939_s",
          "context": "Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted , but they were not always seen as distinct . Bertram Lenox Simpson , a colonial officer killed eventually in China , uses the terms together in his 1910 book , The Conflict of Color , as `` the Near and Middle East . '' The total super-region consisted of `` India , Afghanistan , Persia , Arabistan , Asia Minor , and last , but not least , Egypt . '' Simpson -LRB- under his pen-name -- in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided . '' His own term revives `` the Nearer East '' as opposed to `` the Far East . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f8f96c9e9bad19000a0794_s",
              "question": "Who were the colonial officials killed in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bertram Lenox Simpson",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the colonial officer killed in China?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7027_s",
          "context": "Under mounting political pressure , John finally negotiated terms for a reconciliation , and the papal terms for submission were accepted in the presence of the papal legate Pandulf Verraccio in May 1213 at the Templar Church at Dover . As part of the deal : 700 marks -LRB- £ 466 -RRB- for England and 300 marks -LRB- £ 200 -RRB- for Ireland , as well as recompensing the church for revenue lost during the crisis . The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea , or Golden Bull . This resolution produced mixed responses . Although some chroniclers felt that John had been humiliated by the sequence of events , there was little public reaction . Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem , but John probably gained more , as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign , backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues . Innocent immediately turned against Philip , calling upon him to reject plans to invade England and to sue for peace . John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church , leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid ; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5350fed7b91900d458bf_s",
              "question": "When did the Pope pass the conditions of obedience?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1213",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the papal terms for submission accepted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8338_s",
          "context": ". He began removing and appointing satraps as if he were king and also raided the royal treasuries in Ectabana , Persepolis and Susa , making off with 25,000 talents . , and Cassander . He then invaded Phoenicia , laid siege to Tyre , stormed Gaza and began building a fleet . , in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia , and the eastern satrapies . In 310 , ending the Argead Dynasty which had ruled Macedon for several centuries .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5725c0cfec44d21400f3d4d0_s",
              "question": "Who ordered the death of King Alexander IV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cassander",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the death of King Alexander IV?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5524_s",
          "context": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V , Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76e8_s",
              "question": "Who laid the foundation for New Delhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George V",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who laid the foundation stone of New Delhi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17327_s",
          "context": "The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.)",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573047b604bcaa1900d77467_s",
              "question": "When was the x86 second generation created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 595
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was x86 2nd generation created?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2322_s",
          "context": ". They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states . Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference . The plan took effect in 2009 . In addition to using his political power to fight global warming , the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint . Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels . He has also installed solar panels to heat his home .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56decc79c65bf219000b3d37_s",
              "question": "When did the greenhouse gas initiative come into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Greenhouse Gas Initiative go into effect?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10615_s",
          "context": "At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the flying buttresses which enabled the insertion of large clerestory windows.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726acd3708984140094cd8f_s",
              "question": "When did Saint Denis finish the western line?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1140",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13138_s",
          "context": "The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma , literally meaning red people . Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory , in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs . Equivalent to the English word Indian , okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole . Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cc384b864d1900163d50_s",
              "question": "When was the name of Oklahoma proposed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1866",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the name Oklahoma suggested?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10015_s",
          "context": "Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line , which she designed with her daughter , Lourdes . , was released under the Macy 's label . Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness . In November 2011 , underclothing , and accessories . She also directed her second feature film , W.E. , a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson ; it was co-written with Alek Keshishian . Critical and commercial response to the film was negative . Madonna contributed the ballad `` Masterpiece '' for the film 's soundtrack , which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726ea905951b619008f825a_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna take off her second suit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2011",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna released her second clothing line?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1053_s",
          "context": "With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house. Towards this end, West retracted much of the live instrumentation that characterized his previous album and replaced it with heavy, gothic synthesizers, distorted synth-chords, rave stabs, house beats, electro-disco rhythms, and a wide array of modulated electronic noises and digital audio-effects. In addition, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d113b717492d1400aab8b2_s",
              "question": "When was Kanye West's third album released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "What year was Kanye West's third album released?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17832_s",
          "context": "The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria . In the late sixteenth century , Nurhaci , originally a Ming vassal , began organizing Jurchen clans into `` Banners '' , military-social units . , the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu people . By 1636 , the Qing . In 1644 . Rather than serve them , who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing . -- 1722 -RRB- . While the early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their official title was Emperor they were known as khans to the Mongols and patronized Tibetan Buddhism , they governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government . They retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus . They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in international relations , and in places such as Taiwan , the Qing so-called internal foreign policy closely resembled colonial policy and control .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc25_s",
              "question": "Who established the Manchu Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started the Manchun dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13768_s",
          "context": "In September 2009 , a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri , a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda . Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants . On 8 July 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bruce riedel",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284af44b864d19001648d0_s",
              "question": "Who killed an American drone in September 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ilyas Kashmiri",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12153_s",
          "context": "The dissolution of the Soviet Union was formally enacted on December 26 , 1991 , as a result of the declaration no. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . , although five of the signatories ratified it much later or not at all . On the previous day , the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union , resigned , declared his office extinct , and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin . That evening at 7:32 p.m. , the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57276dd7708984140094dd54_s",
              "question": "Who will become president of Russia after Gorbachev leaves office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boris Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became president of Russia after Gorbachev left office?"
            }
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ", and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace -LRB- today the rectorate of Warsaw University -RRB- . Fryderyk and his family moved to a building , which still survives . During this period , Grand Duke Constantine ; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him . Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , in his dramatic eclogue , `` Nasze Przebiegi '' -LRB- `` Our Discourses '' , 1818 -RRB- , attested to `` little Chopin 's '' popularity .",
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            {
              "id": "56cf61d3aab44d1400b891a4_s",
              "question": "Where did Warsaw middle school move?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kazimierz Palace",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Warsaw Lyceum was moved to where?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15439_s",
          "context": "Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of \"divine mission\", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals \"no matter what the cost\". Raised within the Sunni branch of Islam, Gaddafi called for the implementation of sharia within Libya. He desired unity across the Islamic world, and encouraged the propagation of the faith elsewhere. On a 2010 visit to Italy, he paid a modelling agency to find 200 young Italian women for a lecture he gave urging them to convert. He also funded the construction and renovation of two mosques in Africa, including Uganda's Kampala Mosque. He nevertheless clashed with conservative Libyan clerics as to his interpretation of Islam. Many criticised his attempts to encourage women to enter traditionally male-only sectors of society, such as the armed forces. Gaddafi was keen to improve women's status, though saw the sexes as \"separate but equal\" and therefore felt women should usually remain in traditional roles.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57318ea405b4da19006bd2a7_s",
              "question": "When did Gaddafi visit Italy in particular?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Gaddafi notably visit Italy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4621_s",
          "context": ", most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century ; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism . Karl Blodig -LRB- 1859 -- 1956 -RRB- was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks . He completed his series of ascents in 1911 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e17751_s",
              "question": "Who is the first person to climb the 4000 meter summit successfully?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karl Blodig",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1359_s",
          "context": "Some of the later writers about the show were more positive , again of Entertainment Weekly , thought that `` for all its bloated , synthetic , product-shilling , money-making trappings , Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today 's music business . '' , who was later to act as a mentor on the show , however took the view that the show `` undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism '' . , `` led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture '' , and connects `` the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future . '' Others focused on the personalities in the show , that `` Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him . '' , suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56d389de59d6e414001466ac_s",
              "question": "Who is accused of being mean and cruel to American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Cowell",
                  "answer_start": 707
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2759_s",
          "context": ", Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most `` recession proof city in America '' . The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment , one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy , agriculture and manufacturing . However , Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1980s",
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            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df5fc18bc80c19004e4b4e_s",
              "question": "When did Pennsylvania square bank go bankrupt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 377
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14713_s",
          "context": "Ertuğrul , the father of Osman I -LRB- founder of the Ottoman Empire -RRB- . After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century , mostly Turkish states . One of the emirates was led by Osman I -LRB- 1258 -- 1326 -RRB- , from whom the name Ottoman is derived . Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire . It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a15493f37b319004786c9_s",
              "question": "Who is the father of Osman I?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ertuğrul",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the father of Osman I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-912_s",
          "context": "Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were \"a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition\". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the \"Third World\" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of \"specialists in 'other cultures'\" closer to their homes. There are two principle approaches in urban anthropology: by examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ulf hannerz"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e44a4776f4190066143f_s",
              "question": "Who likes to quote comments from the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ulf Hannerz",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14800_s",
          "context": "The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with them). A perdurantist on the other hand holds that for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality, and that when we consider the thing as a whole we must consider an aggregate of all its \"temporal parts\" or instances of existing. Endurantism is seen as the conventional view and flows out of our pre-philosophical ideas (when I talk to somebody I think I am talking to that person as a complete object, and not just a part of a cross-temporal being), but perdurantists have attacked this position. (An example of a perdurantist is David Lewis.) One argument perdurantists use to state the superiority of their view is that perdurantism is able to take account of change in objects.",
          "c_entity": [
            "david lewis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3caeaf94a219006aa901_s",
              "question": "Who is the example of the stubborn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Lewis",
                  "answer_start": 878
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is an example of a perdurantist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10823_s",
          "context": "As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents , parishes , seminaries , and in ecclesiastical schools . At the request of the pope , which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter , food and other material assistance . In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944 . The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees . Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone . At the request of Pius XII , Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum , providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers , who had escaped from Axis prison camps , Jews , anti-Fascists , Socialists , Communists , and after the liberation of Rome , German soldiers , partisans and other displaced persons . After the war and later as pope , into the major charity , Caritas Italiana . -LSB- b -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "montini",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726abd7f1498d1400e8e6b6_s",
              "question": "Who put Montini in the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pius XII",
                  "answer_start": 564
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9837_s",
          "context": "Timely 's first publication , Marvel Comics # 1 -LRB- cover dated Oct. 1939 -RRB- , included the first appearance of Carl Burgos ' android superhero the Human Torch , and the first appearances of Bill Everett 's anti-hero Namor the Sub-Mariner , among other features . The issue was a great success , combined , nearly 900,000 copies . While its contents came from an outside packager , Funnies , Inc. . The company 's first true editor , writer-artist Joe Simon , teamed with artist and emerging industry notable Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes , Captain America . It , too , proved a hit , with sales of nearly one million . Goodman formed Timely Comics , Inc. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following month",
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            "oct. 1939",
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            "a second",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572663b25951b619008f713d_s",
              "question": "When is the cover date of miracle comics (1)?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oct. 1939",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the cover date on Marvel Comics #1?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11643_s",
          "context": "In 1847 . This discovery predated the germ theory of disease . However , who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis . Lister 's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur . Pasteur was able to link microorganisms with disease , revolutionizing medicine . He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine , when in 1880 he produced a vaccine against rabies . Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization , to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis pasteur",
            "ignác fülöp semmelweis",
            "joseph lister"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282afc4b864d190016464a_s",
              "question": "Who supported Joseph Lister in his work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Pasteur",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Joseph Lister base his work off of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-599_s",
          "context": ". In 1754 , Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King 's College in Lower Manhattan .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1765",
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            "the next ten years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cede40aab44d1400b88b73_s",
              "question": "When was the map drawn by Columbia University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1754",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Columbia University chartered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10630_s",
          "context": "The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace , alongside the Royal palace of Olite . The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture . Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge 's Palace of Venice , the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona , built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon , or the famous Conciergerie , former palace of the kings of France , in Paris .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 15th century",
            "and 14th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cda3708984140094d1c5_s",
              "question": "When was the Palau hotel built in Barcelona?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "built in the 15th century",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13229_s",
          "context": "From the 8th to the 10th century , three dynasties contested for control of northern India , and the Rashtrakutas of the Deccan . The Sena dynasty would later assume control of the Pala Empire , and the Gurjara Pratiharas fragmented into various states . These were the first of the Rajput states . The first recorded Rajput kingdoms emerged in Rajasthan in the 6th century , and small Rajput dynasties later ruled much of northern India . , was known for bloody conflicts against the advancing Turkic sultanates . Lalitaditya Muktapida -LRB- r. 724 CE -- 760 CE -RRB- was an emperor of the Kashmiri Karkoṭa dynasty , which exercised influence in northwestern India from 625 CE until 1003 . He is known primarily for his successful battles against the Muslim and Tibetan advances into Kashmiri-dominated regions . He broke into the Uttarapatha and defeated the rebellious tribes of the Kambojas , Tukharas -LRB- Turks in Turkmenistan and Tocharians in Badakhshan -RRB- . His campaign then led him to subjugate the kingdoms of Pragjyotisha . , northern Pakistan , and Kashmir from the mid-7th century to the early 11th century .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "rajendra chola",
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            "raja raja chola"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57287bee2ca10214002da3ca_s",
              "question": "Who is the emperor of the karkota Dynasty in Kashmir?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lalitaditya Muktapida",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was emperor of the Kashmiri  Karkota dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6703_s",
          "context": "DEC operating systems -LRB- OS/8 , RT-11 , RSX-11 , RSTS , TOPS-10 , etc. -RRB- used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device -LRB- originally Teletype machines -RRB- would work . By the time so-called `` glass TTYs '' -LRB- later called CRTs or terminals -RRB- came along , the convention was so well established that backward compatibility necessitated continuing the convention . Until the introduction of PC DOS in 1981 . IBM 's PC DOS -LRB- also marketed as MS-DOS by Microsoft -RRB- inherited the convention by virtue of being a clone of CP/M , and Windows inherited it from MS-DOS .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1970s",
            "1981",
            "dec"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570bd3ceec8fbc190045bb3e_s",
              "question": "When was PC DOS launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 447
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the introduction of PC DOS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4188_s",
          "context": "Its written transmission, along with the veneration bestowed on certain classical works, has led to the expectation that performers will play a work in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer. During the 19th century the details that composers put in their scores generally increased. Yet the opposite trend—admiration of performers for new \"interpretations\" of the composer's work—can be seen, and it is not unknown for a composer to praise a performer for achieving a better realization of the original intent than the composer was able to imagine. Thus, classical performers often achieve high reputations for their musicianship, even if they do not compose themselves. Generally however, it is the composers who are remembered more than the performers.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f75ad1aef2371900625b4e_s",
              "question": "When did the composer add details to the score?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 19th century",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did details that composers put in their scores increase?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1296_s",
          "context": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 23"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3762f59d6e4140014647b_s",
              "question": "When did American Idol air his sixth final?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 23",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5782_s",
          "context": "Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings \"Mystery of Love\" (1985) and \"Can You Feel It?\" (1986). According to author Richie Unterberger, it moved house music away from its \"posthuman tendencies back towards the lush\" soulful sound of early disco music.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069c2652bb891400689adb_s",
              "question": "Where do producers come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where was producer mr. fingers' from?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4985_s",
          "context": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang 's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history . Tan Zhenlin -LRB- term 1949-1952 -RRB- , the inaugural Party Secretary . , the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , China 's top anti-corruption body . Of Zhejiang 's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949 , none were native to the province .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a81_s",
              "question": "When will tan Zhenlin be the party secretary of Zhenjiang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949-1952",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Tan Zhenlin's term as Zhenjiang's Communist Party Secretary?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10592_s",
          "context": ", a Lutheran liberal-arts institution , a private business school . In 2000 , a Roman Catholic law school established by Domino 's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan , opened in northeastern Ann Arbor , but the school moved to Ave Maria , Florida in 2009 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas m. cooley law school",
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            "ave maria school of law",
            "concordia university ann arbor",
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            "tom monaghan",
            "cleary university"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727837f5951b619008f8bd6_s",
              "question": "Who started domino pizza?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tom Monaghan",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded Domino's pizza?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13753_s",
          "context": ". It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations , organizations , or persons he determines planned , authorized , committed , or harbored such organizations or persons , organizations or persons . Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5 -LRB- b -RRB- of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572843fc4b864d1900164865_s",
              "question": "When was the military resolution passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the War Powers Resolution passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14184_s",
          "context": "Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that , contrary to many other of the world 's capitals , has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war . , Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- At its origin , before the Middle Ages , the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine ; of those : the île Saint-Louis , the île de la Cité ; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes . : many of modern Paris ' busiest streets . Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts , distinctive cream-grey `` Paris stone '' building ornamentation , aligned top-floor balconies , and tree-lined boulevards . The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d235ff5b5019007da75c_s",
              "question": "When was the elax Swan born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1827",
                  "answer_start": 486
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was ile aux Cygnes created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-928_s",
          "context": "On 1 February 1908 , were murdered in Lisbon . Under his rule , Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt -- on 14 June 1892 , and again on 10 May 1902 -- causing social turmoil , economic disturbances , protests , revolts and criticism of the monarchy . Manuel II of Portugal became the new king , but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution , which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal . Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic . , 28 May 1926 coup d'état .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dom carlos",
            "duke of braganza",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b5944776f419006610f3_s",
              "question": "Who replaced King Carlos I as king?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manuel II of Portugal",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7599_s",
          "context": "In 1977 , Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession . Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth , many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours . The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen 's popularity , despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret 's separation from her husband . , the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania 's communist dictator , Nicolae Ceaușescu , and his wife , Elena , though privately she thought they had `` blood on their hands '' . : one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt , former Surveyor of the Queen 's Pictures , as a communist spy ; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fa75480d9841400ab3614_s",
              "question": "When did Princess Margaret break up with her husband?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4909_s",
          "context": ". It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast , de facto independent since the 18th century . Formerly part of the empire at its apogee . It is now generally used only in historical contexts . There is , in short , no universally understood fixed inventory of nations , languages or historical assets defined to be in it .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ottoman porte",
            "balkan",
            "iran",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8dfe39b226e1400dd1159_s",
              "question": "Where did the robbers come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barbary Coast",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the piratical kingdoms from? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1872_s",
          "context": "Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities . A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases `` Institute of Technology '' , `` Polytechnic Institute '' , `` Polytechnic University '' , or similar phrasing in their names ; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering , science and technology . The earliest and most famous of these institutions are , respectively , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute -LRB- RPI , 1824 -RRB- . Conversely , schools dubbed `` technical colleges '' or `` technical institutes '' generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields , focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1824",
            "1854",
            "1861",
            "the mid-19th century",
            "the first two years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de5e5b4396321400ee285d_s",
              "question": "When was Rensselaer Polytechnic founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1824",
                  "answer_start": 486
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9151_s",
          "context": "Greece 's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete -LRB- Heraklion -RRB- , the Thessaloniki Technology Park , the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park , the Science and Technology Park of Epirus -LRB- Ioannina -RRB- . Having formally applied for full membership in 2003 . As member of the ESA , Greece participates in the agency 's telecommunication and technology activities , and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003",
            "1994",
            "the early 1990s",
            "16 march 2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572663205951b619008f712d_s",
              "question": "When will Greece apply to join ESA?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 330
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
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          "context": "As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society.",
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              "question": "When can people understand the true meaning of culture?",
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          "context": "Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.",
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              "question": "When was the Charleston School of art opened?",
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          "context": "Darwin continued to research and extensively revise his theory while focusing on his main work of publishing the scientific results of the Beagle voyage . He tentatively wrote of his ideas to Lyell in January 1842 ; then in June he roughed out a 35-page `` Pencil Sketch '' of his theory . , and by July had rounded out his `` sketch '' into a 230-page `` Essay '' , to be expanded with his research results and published if he died prematurely .",
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          "context": "The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface , originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing . , Times Modern . , but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport . The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet .",
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          "context": "Since the end of the World Wars, the term \"great power\" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and according to him, there were three superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But by the mid-1950s the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers.[nb 2] The term middle power has emerged for those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs. Regional powers are those whose influence is generally confined to their region of the world.",
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          "context": "On May 30 , 2006 , Taylor Hicks was named American Idol .",
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          "context": ". , in Plymouth , the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans . As it had done elsewhere , the virus wiped out entire population groups of Native Americans . , and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679 . , smallpox killed at least 30 % of the West Coast Native Americans .",
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          "context": "The next three popes , were created cardinals by him . His immediate successor , was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973 . Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977 , Africa . , he replied `` Kings can abdicate , Popes can not . '' -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who was appointed cardinal by Paul VI on June 27, 1977?",
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          "context": "The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings , joining the National League -LRB- NL -RRB- as a charter member . Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players , such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes , Deacon White , and Adrian `` Cap '' Anson , to join the team prior to the N.L. 's first season . The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds , against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league 's top teams . , which at the time was the game 's top prize .",
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          "context": "Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus , including 12 official a cappella groups . The Pikers , an all-male group , is the oldest such group on campus . The Greenleafs , an all-female group is the oldest -LRB- and only -RRB- female group on campus . The Mosaic Whispers , founded in 1991 , is the oldest co-ed group on campus . They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums , including Ben Folds ' Ben Folds Presents : University A Cappella ! The Amateurs , who also appeared on this album , is another co-ed a cappella group on campus , founded in 1991 . They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively . It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording -LRB- CARA -RRB- awards . The Ghost Lights , is the campus 's newest and only Broadway , Movies , and Television soundtrack group .",
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              "question": "When was the earliest partner of the Capella group founded by the University of Washington?",
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          "context": ". The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788 , which subsequently established six , eventually self-governing , colonies there . , self-governing `` Commonwealth '' within the British Empire . When all the colonies voted in favour of federation , the Federation of Australia commenced . The model of Australian federalism adheres closely to the original model of the United States of America , although it does so through a parliamentary Westminster system rather than a presidential system .",
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          "context": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the mid-18th century . , as did the preachers ' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery , which had been part of the 18th-century teachings . Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent .",
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          "context": "On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construction would be ambitious and may resort to eminent domain.",
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          "context": ". This belief persisted as late as 1878 . Even the `` highly observant '' Gilbert White , in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selborne , quoted a man 's story about swallows being found in a chalk cliff collapse `` while he was a schoolboy at Brighthelmstone '' , though the man denied being an eyewitness . However , he also writes that `` as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country , I never heard any such account worth attending to '' , and that if early swallows `` happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time -- a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration '' , since he doubts they would `` return for a week or two to warmer latitudes '' .",
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          "context": "Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s , including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza , and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury . , out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge . , often playing ballrooms , concert halls and clubs , among them the Beatles . After their national success from 1962 , a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts , including Gerry & the Pacemakers , the Searchers and Cilla Black . , or managed by Brian Epstein , were Freddie and the Dreamers , who were based in Manchester , as were Herman 's Hermits and the Hollies . Led by the Beatles , which made a major contribution to the development of rock music .",
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              "question": "Where are Herman's hermits and holly trees?",
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          "context": "The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC . Passing over his own son , Cassander , Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent . Cassander rose in revolt against Polyperchon -LRB- who was joined by Eumenes -RRB- and was supported by Antigonus , Lysimachus and Ptolemy . In 317 , Cassander invaded Macedonia , attaining control of Macedon , sentencing Olympias to death and capturing the boy king Alexander IV , and his mother . In Asia .",
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          "context": "One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism . , and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality . , one of the founders of pragmatism . Today , Nicholas Rescher is one example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism .",
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          "context": "The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978). The term became widely known with the public after the commercial success of Maus, Watchmen, and The Dark Knight Returns in the mid-1980s. In the 21st century graphic novels became established in mainstream bookstores and libraries and webcomics became common.",
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          "context": "In April 1979 . The government violently suppressed the protests , killing 100 children and teenagers . In September 1979 . , in turn , was again overthrown in a coup by General André Kolingba on 1 September 1981 .",
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          "context": "The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way , The Roads and Coconut Grove . , and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets . Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami 's City Hall in Dinner Key , the Coconut Grove Playhouse , CocoWalk , many nightclubs , bars , restaurants and bohemian shops , and as such , is very popular with local college students . It is a historic neighborhood with narrow , winding roads , and a heavy tree canopy . Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya , The Kampong , The Barnacle Historic State Park , and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates .",
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          "context": "On 1 August , the British fleet under Horatio Nelson captured or destroyed all but two French vessels in the Battle of the Nile . His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt , though it faced repeated uprisings . In early 1799 , he moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus -LRB- Syria and Galilee -RRB- . , Gaza , Jaffa , and Haifa . The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal . , ostensibly on parole , so he ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to save bullets . Men , women , and children were robbed and murdered for three days .",
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          "context": ". Though Process and Reality has been called `` arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century , '' it has been little-read and little-understood , partly because it demands -- as Isabelle Stengers puts it -- `` that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus . '' , but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions .",
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                  "text": "Isabelle Stengers",
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          "context": "In 1937 , the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931 , beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War -LRB- often considered a theatre of World War II -RRB- . Even children , the elderly , and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army . The total death toll , was between 300,000 and 350,000 . The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre . The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event .",
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          "context": "As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family , Brazilian administrative , civic , economical , military , educational , and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized . However , which started in Porto .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where did the free revolution of 1820 begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Porto",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12296_s",
          "context": "In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts \"Bike Miami\", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami. This is the longest-running such event in the US. In October 2009, the city also approved an extensive 20-year plan for bike routes and paths around the city. The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.",
          "c_entity": [
            "manny diaz"
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            {
              "id": "572a86b0f75d5e190021fb4e_s",
              "question": "Who is mayor of Miami recently?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manny Diaz",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a recent mayor of Miami?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14428_s",
          "context": ". The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance , 2013 -RRB- . , the character is playable in several video games . In 2013 . Ten years before the Wolverine debuted , another film helped pave the way to ensure the samurai were made known to American cinema : A film released in 2003 titled The Last Samurai , starring Tom Cruise , is inspired by the samurai way of life . In the film , Cruise 's character finds himself deeply immersed in samurai culture . The character in the film , is a fictional contrivance to make nineteenth-century Japanese history less foreign to American viewers '' . , 2010 -RRB- After being captured by a group of samurai rebels , he becomes empathetic towards the cause they fight for . Taking place during the Meiji Period , who travels to Japan to train a rookie army in fighting off samurai rebel groups . Becoming a product of his environment . `` By the end of the film , he has clearly taken on many of the samurai traits , such as zen-like mastery of the sword , and a budding understanding of spirituality '' . , 2006 -RRB-",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729009aaf94a219006a9f10_s",
              "question": "Who was the last warrior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tom Cruise",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in The Last Samurai?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2936_s",
          "context": "In late 2005 . Universal 's long time chairperson . On October 5 , 2009 . Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson . In 2009 . In September 2013 , promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman . In addition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dreamworks skg",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c1_s",
              "question": "Who became president of global pictures in September 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Donna Langley",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8180_s",
          "context": "In 1870 , republican sentiment in Britain , fed by the Queen 's seclusion , was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic . , and Radical MPs spoke against her . In August and September 1871 , she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm , which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray . In late November 1871 , at the height of the republican movement , the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever , the disease that was believed to have killed his father . As the tenth anniversary of her husband 's death approached , her son 's condition grew no better , and Victoria 's distress continued . To general rejoicing , he pulled through . Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul 's Cathedral on 27 February 1872 , and republican feeling subsided .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724041d0ba9f01400d97b1d_s",
              "question": "Who cut and treated the abscess on Queen Victoria's arm?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Lister",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lanced and treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4771_s",
          "context": "Beginning around 2005 , drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau , along with several neighboring West African nations , as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine . The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a `` narco-state '' . The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0652_s",
              "question": "When did drug traffickers start using Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-363_s",
          "context": ", after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan , departed for Tibet . Before he left -- 1582 -RRB- , which arrived on March 12 , 1579 . Sometime in August or September of that year -- 1620 -RRB- ; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China . However , even though he was only 400 km -LRB- 250 mi -RRB- from Beijing . '' Although not recorded in any official Chinese records , and invited him to Beijing for a second time .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88621_s",
              "question": "Who gave Sonam jassohn this magnificent title?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Altan Khan",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-89_s",
          "context": ", calculating that the $ 80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008 , for her music , tour , films and clothing line made her the world 's best-paid music personality at the time . They placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009 and ninth on the `` Most Powerful Women in the World '' list in 2010 . The following year , having earned $ 35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals . In 2012 , twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $ 40 million in the past year for her album 4 , clothing line and endorsement deals . In the same year , for collectively earning $ 78 million . The couple made it into the previous year 's Guinness World Records as the `` highest-earning power couple '' for collectively earning $ 122 million in 2009 . For the years 2009 to 2011 , and earned $ 40 million in 2012 . In 2013 . That year . MTV estimated that by the end of 2014 ; she succeeded to do so in April 2014 . In June 2014 , earning an estimated $ 115 million throughout June 2013 -- June 2014 . This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date . As of May 2015 , her net worth is estimated to be $ 250 million .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4d8702ccc5a1400d83297_s",
              "question": "Who predicted that beyoncopos 233 would become the highest paid black artist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "MTV",
                  "answer_start": 890
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who predicted that Beyoncé would become the highest paid black entertainer?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16605_s",
          "context": "Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692 . A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River , near the base of what is now `` A '' mountain . , the founding father of the city of Tucson , Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location , Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón , on August 20 , 1775 -LRB- near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse -RRB- . During the Spanish period of the presidio , attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches . Eventually the town came to be called `` Tucson '' and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 .",
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            {
              "id": "572feb4a04bcaa1900d76eab_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Church of St. Xavier?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eusebio Francisco Kino",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18531_s",
          "context": ". He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns . In February 1943 , commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57324af4b9d445190005e9c9_s",
              "question": "Who commands the Eighth Army of the United Kingdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bernard Montgomery",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4467_s",
          "context": "On September 21 , 1529 , Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida , on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands . He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship . These islands , which he named `` Los Pintados '' . On October 1 , he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days , exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water . These islands , which he named `` Los Jardines '' , may have been Enewetak or Bikini Atoll .",
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            {
              "id": "56f955b19b226e1400dd1342_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the Florida ship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the ship named Florida?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-767_s",
          "context": ", an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus , saying that as liberal as Atticus was , he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered . The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero . Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb . However , in 1997 , the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville , marking his existence as the `` first commemorative milestone in the state 's judicial history '' . , Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who `` has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5472aab44d1400b88ff8_s",
              "question": "When was the statue of Atticus in Alabama built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 473
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was a statue of Atticus build in Alabama?"
            }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3153_s",
          "context": "There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island . Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912 . The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell 's book entitled African Adventures .",
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            {
              "id": "56e08645231d4119001ac264_s",
              "question": "When was the scouts founded in St. Helena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14220_s",
          "context": "In the late 12th-century , a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame . A group of Parisian aristocrats , known as Trouvères , became known for their poetry and songs . Troubadors were also popular . During the reign of Francois I , the lute became popular in the French court , and a national musical printing house was established . During the Renaissance era , the French Boleroroyals `` disported themselves in masques , ballets , allegorical dances , recitals , and opera and comedy '' . Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully , Jean-Philippe Rameau , and François Couperin and were popular . The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795 . By 1870 , Paris had become an important centre for symphony , ballet and operatic music . Romantic-era composers -LRB- in Paris -RRB- include Hector Berlioz -LRB- La Symphonie fantastique -RRB- , Charles Gounod -LRB- Faust -RRB- , Camille Saint-Saëns -LRB- Samson et Delilah -RRB- , Léo Delibes -LRB- Lakmé -RRB- and Jules Massenet -LRB- Thaïs -RRB- , among others . Georges Bizet 's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875 . Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon ; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy -LRB- -LRB- La Mer -RRB- and Maurice Ravel -LRB- Boléro -RRB- also made significant contributions to piano -LRB- Clair de lune , Miroirs -RRB- , orchestra , opera -LRB- Palléas et Mélisande -RRB- , and other musical forms . Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence . They include Frédéric Chopin -LRB- Poland -RRB- .",
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              "id": "5728fa29af94a219006a9ea7_s",
              "question": "Where is Frederick Chopin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Poland",
                  "answer_start": 1639
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Frederic Chopin from?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3453_s",
          "context": "In parallel , however . This period starts with Aribau 's Ode to the Homeland -LRB- 1833 -RRB- , and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer -LRB- poetry -RRB- , Oller -LRB- realist novel -RRB- , and Guimerà -LRB- drama -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d80_s",
              "question": "When did Ali Bao write \"Ode to hometown\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1833",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11402_s",
          "context": ". , Innoson Motors , which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses , Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars . Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox , the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets -LRB- like tablet PCs -RRB- manufacturers . In 2013 , Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country . In this regard , some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria . , as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there , followed by Lagos .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e8285951b619008f8213_s",
              "question": "When will Nigeria change its import policy to encourage local producers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria change its import policies to encourage local manufacturers?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12178_s",
          "context": "The Partyja BPF -LRB- Belarusian Popular Front -RRB- was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence . , the Belarusian Popular Front 's first leader , gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus . It claimed that the NKVD performed secret killings in Kurapaty . Initially the Front had significant visibility because its numerous public actions almost always ended in clashes with the police and the KGB .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e3e82ca10214002d98b9_s",
              "question": "Where was the grave found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kurapaty",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the graves found?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9860_s",
          "context": "The British Empire comprised the dominions , colonies , protectorates , mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom . At its height , it was the largest empire in history and , was the foremost global power . By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people , and covered more than 13,000,000 sq mi -LRB- 33,670,000 km2 -RRB- . As a result , its political , legal , linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread . At the peak of its power , the phrase `` the empire on which the sun never sets '' was often used to describe the British Empire , because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265f11f1498d1400e8dd80_s",
              "question": "When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13208_s",
          "context": "Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent . Some of these kings were hereditary ; other states elected their rulers . Early `` republics '' such as the Vajji -LRB- or Vriji -RRB- confederation centered in the city of Vaishali , existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE . The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit . Many of the sixteen kingdoms had coalesced to four major ones by 500/400 BCE , by the time of Gautama Buddha . These four were Vatsa , and Magadha . The Life of Gautam Budhha was mainly associated with these four kingdoms .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284c3d4b864d19001648ec_s",
              "question": "Where is the Waji alliance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vaishali",
                  "answer_start": 290
                }
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              "original_question": "Where was the Vajji confederation located?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14402_s",
          "context": "-- 1600 -RRB- was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu . On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara . In an act of loyalty to his lord , pledging that he and his men would fight to the finish . As was custom . In a dramatic last stand . , he wrote :",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728f45c6aef0514001548b0_s",
              "question": "For whom does Tori mototada serve?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Torii Mototada serve?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12643_s",
          "context": ", featuring eight stations at various times . The main route , still much the same today . Originally terminating on the city 's outskirts at Blackpool . Now a through station . , until the 1980s . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ddb73acd2414000dee72_s",
              "question": "Where is the initial destination?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Blackpool",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the original end of the line?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5459_s",
          "context": ", Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch , considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony . An indentured servant , he was `` bound for life '' in 1640 after trying to escape . The story of him and his descendants is that of multi-racial America since it appeared he and his sons married or had unions with white women , likely indentured servants and working-class like them . Their multi-racial children were free because they were born to free English women . Over time , Obama 's line of the Bunch family -LRB- as they became known -RRB- were property owners and continued to `` marry white '' ; they became part of white society .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070e0c9e06ca38007e9343_s",
              "question": "When did punch come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1640",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Punch indentured?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1494_s",
          "context": ", explaining that she wished to express concern about China 's human rights record . Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was `` a very good example of peacefully making a point '' .",
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          "context": ", Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin , and composed a set of variations , Souvenir de Paganini . It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études , -LRB- 1829 -- 32 -RRB- , exploring the capacities of his own instrument . On 11 August , three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory , he made his debut in Vienna . He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews -- in addition to some commenting -LRB- in Chopin 's own words -RRB- that he was `` too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists '' . In one of these concerts , he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano , Op. 2 -LRB- variations on an aria from Mozart 's opera Don Giovanni -RRB- for piano and orchestra . , where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor , Op. 21 on 17 March 1830 .",
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              "question": "Where did Chopin make his debut after studying?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-277_s",
          "context": "The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65 , allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor . He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed . At the request of the composer 's mother and sisters , however , his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers -LRB- Opp . 66 -- 73 -RRB- . In 1857 , 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74 , though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition .",
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          "context": "In December 1994 , after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act . For 16 years , he remained at large . For 12 of those years . Beginning in 1997 , the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal , state . The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI . In 2002 . In 2008 . In 2014 , that conviction was overturned on a technicality .",
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          "context": ". This belief persisted as late as 1878 , when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows . , in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selborne , quoted a man 's story about swallows being found in a chalk cliff collapse `` while he was a schoolboy at Brighthelmstone '' , though the man denied being an eyewitness . However , he also writes that `` as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country , I never heard any such account worth attending to '' , and that if early swallows `` happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time -- a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration '' , since he doubts they would `` return for a week or two to warmer latitudes '' .",
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          "context": ". In a break with tradition , Queen Mary attended the ceremony in a show of support for her son . , as had occurred for his father , as the cost would have been a burden to the government of India . Rising Indian nationalism made the welcome that the royal couple would have received likely to be muted at best , and a prolonged absence from Britain would have been undesirable in the tense period before the Second World War . Two overseas tours were undertaken , to France and to North America , both of which promised greater strategic advantages in the event of war .",
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              "original_question": "Who attended the coronation that was a break from tradition?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8205_s",
          "context": "Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans . , an African-American named Prince Hall , along with fourteen other African-Americans , was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland , having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston . When the military Lodge left North America , those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge , but not to initiate Masons . In 1784 , these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England -LRB- GLE -RRB- and formed African Lodge , Number 459 . , all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls . Thus , separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge , African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge , Number 1 -- and became a de facto `` Grand Lodge '' -LRB- this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa -RRB- . As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry , Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state .",
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              "question": "When was the African cabin 459 built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1784",
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              "original_question": "When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?"
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          "context": "As of 2009 -LSB- update -RSB- ; the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month . The data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies .",
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                  "text": "Capricorn Technologies",
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              "original_question": "Who makes PetaBox rack systems?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18248_s",
          "context": ". Jefferson 's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill , chiefly supported by Patrick Henry , which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination , but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it . Similarly , the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that `` no subject shall be hurt , molested , or restrained , in his person , liberty , or estate , for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience ... provided he doth not disturb the public peace , or obstruct others in their religious worship , '' -LRB- Article II -RRB- but also that :",
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              "question": "Who are the main advocates of the bill that prompted Jefferson to draft his statute?",
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                  "text": "Patrick Henry",
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              "original_question": "Who was the chief supporter of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17388_s",
          "context": ", which showed the weaknesses of an underdeveloped English prose . Only at the end of the 15th century did the great age of English prose translation begin with Thomas Malory 's Le Morte Darthur -- an adaptation of Arthurian romances so free that it can , in fact , hardly be called a true translation . The first great Tudor translations are , accordingly -- 25 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When did the era of great English prose begin?",
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              "original_question": "When did the age of great English prose translation begin?"
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          "context": "The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895 , when it was first investigated . Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed . , between Dublin and Holyhead , by British engineering firm Symonds . Either tunnel , at 50 mi -LRB- 80 km -RRB- , would be by far the longest in the world , and would cost an estimated £ 15 billion or € 20 billion . , estimated the cost of building a bridge from County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway in Scotland at £ 3.5 bn -LRB- € 5bn -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When was the first time that the Irish subsea tunnel was planned?",
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              "original_question": "The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year?"
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          "context": "Parallel to the military developments emerged also a constantly more elaborate chivalric code of conduct for the warrior class . This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy , and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin . The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new -LRB- secular -RRB- type of chivalric orders ; the first of these was the Order of St. George , founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325 , while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter .",
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              "question": "Who founded the Knights of Saint George?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Charles I of Hungary",
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Order of St. George?"
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          "context": "A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes , arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel `` La Anunciada '' and charted the mouth of the Hudson River , which he named Rio de San Antonio . Heavy ice kept him from further exploration , and he returned to Spain in August . The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously , the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real , was informed by Gomes ' expedition .",
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              "question": "Who conducted the Spanish expedition?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Estêvão Gomes",
                  "answer_start": 36
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              "original_question": "Who commanded the Spanish expedition?"
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        {
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          "context": "In 1821 , Mexico won its independence from Spain , and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California . In 1822 , Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California . The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned , while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill . The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833 . The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo , and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde -LRB- `` municipal magistrate '' -RRB- . -LRB- See , List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego . -RRB- However , San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents . Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy .",
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              "question": "Who was elected the mission's first municipal judge?",
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              "original_question": "Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-815_s",
          "context": ", photovoltaics -LRB- PV -RRB- , also known as solar PV , has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source . A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect . , Dr Bruno Lange , developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide . Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1 % of incident light into electricity , both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery . , researchers Gerald Pearson , Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954 . These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5 -- 6 % .",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-239_s",
          "context": "In the spring of 1834 . After the festival , the three visited Düsseldorf . , playing and discussing music at his piano . , where he spent time with his parents ; it was the last time he would see them . On his way back to Paris , he met old friends from Warsaw , the Wodzińskis . , when she was eleven . This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden , when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig . The sixteen-year-old girl 's portrait of the composer is considered . In October he finally reached Leipzig , and who considered him `` a perfect musician '' . , whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle . , and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor , Op. 27 , No. 1 .",
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              "question": "Who is Mary's mother?",
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                  "text": "Countess Wodzińska",
                  "answer_start": 606
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              "original_question": "Who was Maria's mother?"
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          "context": "After receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School , Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney . He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January . On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee -- Contra affair . Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990 , 1996 , 2002 and 2008 . In 2002 , Kerry voted to authorize the President `` to use force , if necessary , to disarm Saddam Hussein '' , but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war .",
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              "original_question": "Where was Kerry an Lt. Gov.?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2157_s",
          "context": "Nunzia Rondanini stated, \"Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote social development.'",
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              "original_question": "Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function?"
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          "context": "Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779.",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded?"
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          "context": "The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing , who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper , On Computable Numbers . , replacing Gödel 's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines . He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm . He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable : in general , it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt .",
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              "original_question": "When did Alan Turing write the paper, \"On Computable Numbers\"?"
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          "context": "From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals , which culminated on 12 January 1848 , with a popular insurrection , the first one in Europe that year . A parliament and constitution were proclaimed . The first president was Ruggero Settimo . The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849 . The famous general entered Palermo with his troops -LRB- the `` Thousands '' -RRB- on 27 May 1860 . After the plebiscite later that year Palermo , along with the rest of Sicily , became part of the new Kingdom of Italy -LRB- 1861 -RRB- .",
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          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , and after a brief ministry led by Russell , Derby returned to power . , Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert 's death . , though she was not in favour of votes for women . , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . Victoria found Gladstone 's demeanour far less appealing ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
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              "question": "When did Palmerston die?",
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              "original_question": "What year did Pamerston die? "
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        {
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          "context": "In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d93fff5b5019007d96ca_s",
              "question": "Where is the rule of law more like a theory than a life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thailand",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6235_s",
          "context": ". , men 's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first `` modern '' Olympic Games in 1896 . , both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric , gymnastics , synchronized team floor calisthenics , rope climbing , high jumping , running , and horizontal ladder . , women organized and participated in gymnastics events . The first women 's Olympic competition was primitive , only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field . , in Amsterdam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1920s",
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            "the early 1950s",
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            "1896"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5f_s",
              "question": "When will gymnastics be admitted to the Olympic Games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1896",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14998_s",
          "context": "Kerry received his second Purple Heart for a wound received in action on the Bồ Đề River on February 20 , 1969 . The plan had been for the Swift boats to be accompanied by support helicopters . On the way up the Bo De , however , the helicopters were attacked . , Kerry 's boat was hit by a B-40 rocket -LRB- rocket propelled grenade round -RRB- , and a piece of shrapnel hit Kerry 's left leg , wounding him . Thereafter . Kerry continues to have shrapnel embedded in his left thigh because the doctors that first treated him decided to remove the damaged tissue and close the wound with sutures rather than make a wide opening to remove the shrapnel . Though wounded like several others earlier that day , Kerry did not lose any time off from duty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cửa lớn",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572aa6d4be1ee31400cb8110_s",
              "question": "Where did Kerry's second purple heart come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on the Bồ Đề River",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Kerry earn his 2nd Purple Heart?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3927_s",
          "context": "RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7248d37bdd419002c3daa_s",
              "question": "When will the Royal Society and ARB agree on a common standard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2112_s",
          "context": "During the Age of Enlightenment , philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings , whereas others , strongly opposed it . Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature , the executive , and the judiciary . His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "john locke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de33fc4396321400ee2694_s",
              "question": "Who is in favor of decentralization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Locke",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was an advocate of separation of powers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13783_s",
          "context": ". , who had taken a leading role in getting the party established , the Leader -RRB- , although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fabian society",
            "taff vale",
            "keir hardie",
            "the labour party",
            "parliamentary labour party",
            "independent labour party",
            "david shackleton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284d303acd2414000df8d4_s",
              "question": "Who is Kiel's opponent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Shackleton",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-851_s",
          "context": "Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of Tajikistan continually since November 1994. The Prime Minister is Kokhir Rasulzoda, the First Deputy Prime Minister is Matlubkhon Davlatov and the two Deputy Prime Ministers are Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova.",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1994"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b38fd058e614000b60ae_s",
              "question": "When was Emomali rahmon elected president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1994",
                  "answer_start": 348
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-747_s",
          "context": ", although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models . , his sentence was commuted to life in prison . He died there of tuberculosis in 1937 . , in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence . However , in 2005 , although the Scottsboro case served `` the same purpose '' to display Southern prejudices . Emmett Till , a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom robinson",
            "civil rights movement",
            "scottsboro boys",
            "lee",
            "emmett till",
            "walter lett"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12cb517492d1400aabb55_s",
              "question": "Who is the fuse of the civil rights movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emmett Till",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who's death was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-612_s",
          "context": "Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1952"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cee873aab44d1400b88c75_s",
              "question": "When was the construction of the United Nations headquarters completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1952",
                  "answer_start": 332
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was construction finished on the United Nations Headquarters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2119_s",
          "context": "Judicial power -- the power to decide cases and controversies . The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate , hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office . If a court 's judges do not have such attributes , the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States . Courts exercising the judicial power are called `` constitutional courts . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
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            "supreme court"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de307c4396321400ee2668_s",
              "question": "Who has to approve the presidential candidate in the Supreme Court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Senate",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6386_s",
          "context": ", having played 751 first-team matches between 1981 and 1997 , and previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season -LRB- 15 -RRB- . During the 2008 -- 09 season , this record was beaten by American goalkeeper Tim Howard -LRB- 17 -RRB- . , having played 534 times . , both sides of the Second World War , making a total of 495 appearances . The club 's top goalscorer , with 383 goals in all competitions . Dean still holds the English national record of most goals in a season , with 60 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "dixie dean",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a8ca86d058f1900182f89_s",
              "question": "Who currently has the record of not losing goals in most leagues in a season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tim Howard",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who currently holds the record for the most league clean sheets during a season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8788_s",
          "context": "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c996ec44d21400f3d580_s",
              "question": "Who died before the palace was built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William IV",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who died before the palace was completed?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3803_s",
          "context": "In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e860fd00c9c71400d77676_s",
              "question": "When did the center of Berne become a UNESCO World Heritage site?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the centre of Bern become the UNESCO World Heritage Site?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7512_s",
          "context": "In Germany . The Marperger Curieuses Natur - , Kunst - , Berg - . , and underscored technical subjects rather than scientific theory . For example , over five columns of text were dedicated to wine , while geometry and logic were allocated only twenty-two and seventeen lines , respectively . The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica -LRB- 1771 -RRB- was modelled along the same lines as the German lexicons .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the first edition of Encyclopedia Britannica published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1771",
                  "answer_start": 348
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              "original_question": "In what year was the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica published?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15112_s",
          "context": "The Scottish philosopher David Hume -LRB- 1711 , as well as other differences between early modern philosophers , and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism . Hume argued in keeping with the empiricist view that all knowledge derives from sense experience , but he accepted that this has implications not normally acceptable to philosophers . He wrote for example , `` Locke divides all arguments into demonstrative and probable . On this view , we must say that it is only probable that all men must die or that the sun will rise to-morrow , because neither of these can be demonstrated . But to conform our language more to common use , we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations , proofs , and probabilities -- by ` proofs ' meaning arguments from experience that leave no room for doubt or opposition . '' And ,",
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              "question": "When was Hume born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1711",
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              "original_question": "When was Hume born?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5423_s",
          "context": "Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4a_s",
              "question": "Who is the skin in the movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sandra Laing",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was featured in the movie \"Skin\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3106_s",
          "context": "Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659 , and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants , mainly descended from people from Britain -- settlers -LRB- `` planters '' -RRB- and soldiers -- and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement -- initially from Africa -LRB- the Cape Verde Islands , Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records -RRB- , then India and Madagascar .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e06979231d4119001ac0c7_s",
              "question": "When did St. Helena begin to settle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1659",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Saint Helena first settled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13792_s",
          "context": "Foot resigned and was replaced as leader by Neil Kinnock . The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies . The miners strike of 1984 -- 85 over coal mine closures , and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party , and negative coverage in most of the press . Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of ` extra-parliamentary ' militants in local government .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "roy hattersley",
            "neil kinnock"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728720dff5b5019007da22a_s",
              "question": "Who changed their feet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Neil Kinnock",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Foot replaced by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7055_s",
          "context": ", Ivanhoe , which presented `` an almost totally unfavourable picture '' of the king . , which in turn established John as the principal villain within the traditional Robin Hood narrative . During the 20th century , John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood . , starting a trend for films to depict John as an `` effeminate ... arrogant and cowardly stay-at-home '' . , who is usually the `` swashbuckling villain '' opposing Robin . An extreme version of this trend can be seen in the Disney cartoon version , for example , which depicts John , as a `` cowardly , thumbsucking lion '' . Popular works that depict John beyond the Robin Hood legends , The Lion in Winter , set in 1183 , commonly present him as an `` effete weakling '' , or as a tyrant , `` King John 's Christmas '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "shakespeare",
            "howard pyle",
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            "richard",
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            "henry ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5e65fed7b91900d4594f_s",
              "question": "Who does John take a picture with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robin Hood",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was John depicted alongside?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8086_s",
          "context": ", the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr . , the grandson of Umayya . He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr . The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims , as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans . After the battle , taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat . Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud , however . , as did their son -LRB- the future caliph Muawiyah I -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "walid ibn utbah",
            "utba ibn rabi'ah",
            "muhammad",
            "abd al-muttalib",
            "hashimites"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa1474faf5e1900b8ab60_s",
              "question": "Who is the son of Abu suphia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muawiyah I",
                  "answer_start": 492
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4466_s",
          "context": "Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526 , commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria , the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition . , he sighted an island -LRB- probably Taongi -RRB- at 14 ° N that he named `` San Bartolome '' .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd133a_s",
              "question": "When was the first European visit to the Marshall Islands?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1526",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the first European view the Marshall Islands?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-265_s",
          "context": "At the end of November , Chopin returned to Paris . He passed the winter in unremitting illness , but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends . Occasionally he played , or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka , for his friends . During the summer of 1849 , his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot , out of the centre of the city , for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer .",
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              "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06d_s",
              "question": "Who does Chopin play for when he sings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Delfina Potocka",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin play for while she sang?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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          "context": "Great Britain : The torch relay leg held in London , on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium , passed through the City of London , and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city . , and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters , prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus , which was then briefly halted by protestors . Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards . The Chinese officials , seen manhandling protesters , were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe , chairman of the London Olympic Committee as `` thugs '' . A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £ 750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance , despite the Mayor stating , `` We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services . Had I known so , we would have said no . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did the torch route start in London?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "April 6",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the torch route begin in London?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-125_s",
          "context": "Montana 's motto , Oro y Plata , Spanish for `` Gold and Silver '' , recognizing the significant role of mining , was first adopted in 1865 , when Montana was still a territory . A state seal with a miner 's pick and shovel above the motto , surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River -- 65 . The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana . The state flower , the bitterroot , which formed after Montana 's Women 's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization 's state flower . , save for Montana 's newest symbol , the state butterfly , the mourning cloak , and the state lullaby , `` Montana Lullaby '' .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d858d058e614000b63c9_s",
              "question": "When was the motto adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1865",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the motto adopted?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15043_s",
          "context": ", while the earliest known record of `` Rajputana '' as a name for the region is in George Thomas 's 1800 memoir Military Memories . John Keay , in his book India : A History , John Briggs , translating Ferishta 's history of early Islamic India , used the phrase `` Rajpoot -LRB- Rajput -RRB- princes '' rather than `` Indian princes '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1829",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a9a1cbe1ee31400cb80a2_s",
              "question": "When was George Thomas' memoir called military relief?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1800",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16697_s",
          "context": ", 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education , a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average . , and 14 % had a higher education . , the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students . Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students , and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities . In addition , 35 % of eligible children attended preschools . , Yerevan State University , had eighteen departments , including ones for social sciences , sciences , and law . Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students . The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
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            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd34a947a6a140053cd18_s",
              "question": "When did the National University of technology of Armenia open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1933",
                  "answer_start": 779
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open?"
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-734_s",
          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan . Since 1990 , Alabama .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert mulligan",
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            "mary mcdonough murphy",
            "horton foote"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b8855a_s",
              "question": "Who is the director of the film?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Mulligan",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the director of the adaptation of the movie?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6618_s",
          "context": "The term `` retro-metal '' has been applied to such bands as Texas based The Sword , California 's High on Fire , Sweden 's Witchcraft and Australia 's Wolfmother . , topped the UK charts , going quintuple platinum . The follow-up , One Way Ticket to Hell , reached number 11 , before the band broke up in 2006 . Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal . A more serious attempt to revive glam metal was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden , including Vains of Jenna , Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet .",
          "c_entity": [
            "'70s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b66566b8089140040f92e_s",
              "question": "When did the band end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the band The Darkness break up?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14655_s",
          "context": "In the late 17th century : vis viva , or living force , which defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared ; he believed that total vis viva was conserved . To account for slowing due to friction , a view shared by Isaac Newton , although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted . The modern analog of this property , kinetic energy , differs from vis viva only by a factor of two .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gottfried leibniz",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e5f76aef0514001550e2_s",
              "question": "Who agrees with Leibniz that heat energy is made up of the random motion of material components?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Isaac Newton",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who shared Leibniz's view that thermal energy consisted of random motion of the constituent parts of matter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14308_s",
          "context": "In the race for individual contributions . , until the final quarter of the primary season . As of the April 15 filing , of those who have given cumulatively , $ 200 or more , and 2744 for Gephardt .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john kerry",
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            {
              "id": "57291e601d04691400779077_s",
              "question": "Who has received the least personal donations since April 15?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gephardt",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who earned the fewest individual contributions as of the April 15th filing date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12697_s",
          "context": "Gallaeci lived in castros . These were usually annular forts , with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls , with a trench in front of each one . They were frequently located at hills , or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas . Some well known castros can be found , in the seashore , Baroña and O Neixón , Borneiro , and Viladonga . Some other distinctive features , such as temples , baths , reservoirs , warrior statues and decorative carvings have been found associated to this culture , together with rich gold and metalworking traditions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "borneiro",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727abe34b864d1900163a08_s",
              "question": "Where is the national fortress?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Borneiro",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14123_s",
          "context": "Many social scientists have replaced the word race with the word \"ethnicity\" to refer to self-identifying groups based on beliefs concerning shared culture, ancestry and history. Alongside empirical and conceptual problems with \"race\", following the Second World War, evolutionary and social scientists were acutely aware of how beliefs about race had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery, and genocide. This questioning gained momentum in the 1960s during the U.S. civil rights movement and the emergence of numerous anti-colonial movements worldwide. They thus came to believe that race itself is a social construct, a concept that was believed to correspond to an objective reality but which was believed in because of its social functions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57292506af94a219006aa0f1_s",
              "question": "When did the civil rights movement take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 459
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the civil rights movement take place?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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          "context": "On July 6 , John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate , shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston , held later that month . Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate , Kerry gave a short list of three candidates : Sen John Edwards . Heading into the convention , the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan -- a promise to make America `` stronger at home and more respected in the world . '' Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention . In accepting the nomination , he began his speech with , `` I 'm John Kerry and I 'm reporting for duty . '' He later delivered what may have been the speech 's most memorable line when he said , `` the future does n't belong to fear , it belongs to freedom '' , a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement .",
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              "question": "Who did John Kerry choose as his potential vice president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Edwards",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?"
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18253_s",
          "context": "Others , such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut , believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers , which did not include establishing a national religion . However , the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64cd_s",
              "question": "Where is Senator Roger Sherman from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Connecticut",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1881_s",
          "context": "After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc6_s",
              "question": "Who noticed that pages not saved in open directory are still saved, but only released when the archive is redeclared?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jeff Kaplan",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18342_s",
          "context": "Also , other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants . For example , torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740 - against Southern Protestants -RRB- . The Geneva Convention , an important part of humanitarian international law , was largely the work of Henry Dunant , a reformed pietist . He also founded the Red Cross .",
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            {
              "id": "57325b510fdd8d15006c6a1c_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Red Cross?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Dunant",
                  "answer_start": 263
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Red Cross?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18517_s",
          "context": "After golf , oil painting was Eisenhower 's second hobby . Eisenhower painted about 260 oils during the last 20 years of his life to relax , their grandchildren . Wendy Beckett stated that Eisenhower 's work , `` simple and earnest , rather cause us to wonder at the hidden depths of this reticent president '' . A conservative in both art and politics , loaded with paint , has been driven over it . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5732452ee99e3014001e6604_s",
              "question": "Who said Eisenhower's art was \"simple and serious\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wendy Beckett",
                  "answer_start": 163
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called Eisenhower's art \"simple and earnest\"?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11209_s",
          "context": "The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first \"live\" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell. Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustre condition of British forces deployed in Crimea. Additionally, the telegraph reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London due to such rapid communications. Newspaper readership informed public opinion in the United Kingdom and France as never before. It was the first European war to be photographed.",
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              "id": "5727279cf1498d1400e8f427_s",
              "question": "Who gave the first actual report?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Howard Russell",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
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              "original_question": "Who gave the first live war report?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16994_s",
          "context": "In 1775 . On April 18 , 1780 , the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond , to provide a more centralized location for Virginia 's increasing westerly population , as well as to isolate the capital from British attack . The latter motive proved to be in vain , and in 1781 , Richmond was burned by British troops , led by Sampson Mathews , defended the city .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57341bc54776f41900661890_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the militia defending Richmond?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sampson Mathews",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the militia that defended Richmond?"
            }
          ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17383_s",
          "context": "Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history . A prime example is La Malinche , Malinalli and Doña Marina , an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast . As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango , and thus had become bilingual . Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards , acting as interpreter , adviser , intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés .",
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              "id": "573072ae396df91900096114_s",
              "question": "Where was lamarinch, the slave dealer, sold?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Xicalango",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
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              "original_question": "Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17057_s",
          "context": "In 1846 , the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California . At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego , but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back . Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles , the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846 . Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24 , 1846 , when the Americans recaptured it . For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo . Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night . Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him . Their joint command of 150 men , returning to San Diego . In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual , fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego , the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign . Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego , rescuing Kearny 's battered and blockaded command .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572fdc72b2c2fd1400568527_s",
              "question": "Who hired captain Archibald Gillespie to lead fifty men North on horseback?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Commodore Robert F. Stockton",
                  "answer_start": 671
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1729_s",
          "context": "The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza 's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke . This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo . , France organized French Equatorial Africa -LRB- AEF -RRB- , comprising Middle Congo , Gabon , Chad , and Oubangui-Chari -LRB- the modern Central African Republic -RRB- . The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital . The methods were often brutal : construction of the Congo -- Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "56dcddb066d3e219004dab47_s",
              "question": "When did France take control of northern Congo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1880",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11389_s",
          "context": ", when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted . , having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast , to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party , which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast . The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud , in contrast to previous elections .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the candidate of the Communist Party of China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammadu Buhari",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the CPC's 2011 candidate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11603_s",
          "context": "In Babylonian astronomy , records of the motions of the stars , planets , and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes . Even today , astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month . Only a few astronomers ' names are known , such as that of Kidinnu , a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician . Babylonian astronomy was `` the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena . '' According to the historian A. Aaboe , `` all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy , in the Hellenistic world , in India , in Islam , and in the West -- if not indeed all subsequent endeavour in the exact sciences -- depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5726f50add62a815002e9633_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the Greek world depends on Babylonian astronomy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "A. Aaboe",
                  "answer_start": 594
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believes that the Hellenistic world relies on Babylonian astronomy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10806_s",
          "context": "Samoans ' religious adherence includes the following : Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8 % , Roman Catholic 19.4 % , Methodist 15.2 % , Assembly of God 13.7 % , Mormon 7.6 % , Seventh-day Adventist 3.9 % , Worship Centre 1.7 % , other Christian 5.5 % , other 0.7 % , none 0.1 % , unspecified 0.1 % -LRB- 2011 estimate -RRB- . The Head of State until 2007 , His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II , was a Bahá ' í convert . ; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State , it is located in Tiapapata .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "apia"
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            {
              "id": "5726d4285951b619008f7f43_s",
              "question": "Where is the place of worship in Samoa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tiapapata",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Bahá'í place of worship located in Samoa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7699_s",
          "context": ". , the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its `` Recycling Works '' award for efforts to promote producer responsibility . The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds -LRB- nearly 40,000 tons -RRB- of IT equipment from customers in 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "july 19, 2007",
            "seven years earlier",
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            "2009",
            "2006"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fcfe65ab6b8190039103a_s",
              "question": "When was Dell's device recycled?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was 78 million pounds of Dell equipment recycled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8817_s",
          "context": "On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725de3489a1e219009abff5_s",
              "question": "When did just and Hanaman get the bulb patent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "13 December 1904",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Just and Hanaman receive their patent for the tungsten filament lamp?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5019_s",
          "context": "Henry VIII 's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall , is in the basement of Main Building , and is used for entertainment . The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet -LRB- 5.8 m -RRB- deeper in 1949 , when construction was resumed at the site after World War II . This was carried out without any significant damage to the structure .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the basement move?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the cellar relocated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18650_s",
          "context": "The 1981 film Fort Apache , The Bronx is another film that used the Bronx 's gritty image for its storyline . The movie 's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx which was nicknamed `` Fort Apache '' . Also from 1981 is the horror film Wolfen making use of the rubble of the Bronx as a home for werewolf type creatures . Knights of the South Bronx , a true story of a teacher who worked with disadvantaged children . , an Italian B-movie best known for its appearance on the television series Mystery Science Theatre 3000 . The plot revolves around a sinister construction corporation 's plans to depopulate , destroy and redevelop the Bronx , and a band of rebels who are out to expose the corporation 's murderous ways and save their homes . The film is memorable for its almost incessant use of the phrase , `` Leave the Bronx ! '' Many of the movie 's scenes were filmed in Queens , substituting as the Bronx . , another which popularised the Bronx to international audiences . Last Bronx , where crime and gang warfare is rampant .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57326cc2e17f3d1400422979_s",
              "question": "When was Apache Castle released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'Fort Apache' released?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16621_s",
          "context": ", with the distinction of being Tucson 's first suburb , established in the late 1940s . Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza -LRB- built in 1948 -RRB- . The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords , 2011 , occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes . The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes .",
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            {
              "id": "5734291d4776f419006619d6_s",
              "question": "Who almost got murdered in Casa adobes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Representative Gabrielle Giffords",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was nearly assassinated in Casas Adobes?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7989_s",
          "context": ", the first federal population census was taken in the United States . Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or `` other . '' Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850 . Native Americans were included among `` Other ; '' in later censuses , they were included as `` Free people of color '' if they were not living on Indian reservations . Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery . In later censuses , people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto -LRB- which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African -RRB- or black .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dd9b9b64a571400c71d9b_s",
              "question": "When were all budget members appointed in the census?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1850",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what point were all members of the household named on a census?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7422_s",
          "context": "In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II , Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea , a colony of the Kingdom of Italy . In the Treaty of Wuchale -LRB- It . , King Menelik of Shewa , a southern Ethiopian kingdom , recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals ' lands of Bogos , Hamasien , Akkele Guzay , and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition . His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II -LRB- r. 1889 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e39f50dc6ce1900204eb2_s",
              "question": "When was the contract signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2778_s",
          "context": ", WPA era architecture and landscaping , and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater . Frontier City is an ` Old West ' - themed amusement park . Frontier City also hosts a national concert circuit at its amphitheater during the summer . , Remington Park , which hosts both Quarter horse -LRB- March -- June -RRB- and Thoroughbred -LRB- August -- December -RRB- seasons .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56df72ab5ca0a614008f9a7a_s",
              "question": "Where are the racetracks and casinos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Remington Park",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6889_s",
          "context": ", the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica . A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region , led largely by Greenpeace International , which established its own scientific station -- World Park Base -- in the Ross Sea region and conducted annual expeditions to document environmental effects of humans on Antarctica . In 1988 , the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources -LRB- CRAMRA -RRB- was adopted . , however , Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention , rendering it dead for all intents and purposes . They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place . The Madrid Protocol bans all mining in Antarctica , designating Antarctica a `` natural reserve devoted to peace and science '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following year",
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            "14 january 1998"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570df5ec0dc6ce1900204d75_s",
              "question": "When was the agreement to regulate mining reached?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 460
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15025_s",
          "context": ". The committee 's report , which Kerry endorsed , stated there was `` no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia . '' In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution , sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain , that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam ; it was intended to pave the way for normalization . , President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac437111d821400f38d3e_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry support the resolution to resume trade with Vietnam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 177
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry sponsor a resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15521_s",
          "context": "Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and , with financial backing from Columbia Pictures , released Close Encounters : The Special Edition in 1980 . For this , at the behest of Columbia , and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film , shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film -LRB- a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery -RRB- . Nevertheless , the re-release was a moderate success .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318fb805b4da19006bd2b6_s",
              "question": "When did Spielberg release intimacy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg re-release Close Encounters?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6324_s",
          "context": "Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga , it is also the most unbalanced , with Barcelona overwhelmingly dominant . In the primera división league table . Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6 -- 0 in 1951 , while Barcelona 's biggest win was 5 . Espanyol achieved a 2 -- 09 season , becoming the first team to defeat Barcelona at Camp Nou in their treble-winning season .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c119e6b8089140040fb16_s",
              "question": "When did the Spaniard earn a 6-0 profit margin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1951",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Espanyol's margin win of 6-0?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-366_s",
          "context": ", as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased , culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642 , the Ming emperors `` viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet . '' He adds that the Ming court 's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and `` fill once more the political vacuum in that country . '' , though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists . ''",
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              "question": "Who has increased its presence in Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
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              "original_question": "Who's presence increased in Tibet?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9386_s",
          "context": "In response to the demands , in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy , with the elaboration the first Statute of Government -LRB- Estatuto de Gobierno -RRB- , and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives . , this autonomy was further expanded and , residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly -LRB- which succeeded the previous Assembly -RRB- by popular vote .",
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              "id": "57267cbe708984140094c7c1_s",
              "question": "When did the Federal District gain more power?",
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                {
                  "text": "1987",
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              "original_question": "When did the Federal District receive more power? "
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          "context": "Though the state is deficient in food grains, it has gained a lot in other spheres of agricultural production such as seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig. Seed potato is mostly grown in the Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul areas. Special efforts are being made to promote cultivation of crops like olives, figs, hops, mushrooms, flowers, pistachio nuts, sarda melon and saffron. Solan is the largest vegetable producing district in the state. The district of Sirmaur is also famous for growing flowers, and is the largest producer of flowers in the state.",
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              "question": "Who is the largest vegetable producer in the state?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Solan",
                  "answer_start": 432
                }
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              "original_question": "Who is the largest vegetable producing district in the state?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3422_s",
          "context": "In the early 2000s , print media in Somalia reached a peak in activity . Around 50 newspapers were published in Mogadishu alone during this period , including Qaran , Sana'a , Ayaamaha , Mandeeq , Sky Sport , Goal , The Nation , Dalka . In 2003 , as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate , advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers . A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations , as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution . In 2012 . According to Issa Farah , a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet .",
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              "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b40_s",
              "question": "Who is the former editor of delka broadsheet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Issa Farah",
                  "answer_start": 636
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whos is a former editor with The Delka Broadsheet?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1729_s",
          "context": "The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza 's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke . This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo , then as Middle Congo in 1903 . In 1908 , comprising Middle Congo , Gabon , Chad , and Oubangui-Chari -LRB- the modern Central African Republic -RRB- . The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital . Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction . The methods were often brutal : construction of the Congo .",
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              "question": "Who reached an agreement with the makoko people?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pierre de Brazza",
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              "original_question": "Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?"
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          "context": "American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller , which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars . Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain . Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition . He then added other elements , the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time . The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner -- the executive producer and production leader -- and Simon Cowell as one of the judges , and was a big success with the viewing public .",
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              "id": "56daedd8e7c41114004b4b36_s",
              "question": "When will pop idols premiere in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4126_s",
          "context": "The term `` classical music '' did not appear until the early 19th century , in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age .",
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            {
              "id": "56f6e9dd711bf01900a44862_s",
              "question": "When did the word \"classical music\" appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 19th century",
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          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore , wrote of attending lodges there in 1715 . , based in Pennsylvania . , which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army . , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
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              "question": "Where is the earliest cabin in America?",
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              "original_question": "Where were the earliest lodges in America?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4435_s",
          "context": "After the constitutional changes of 1974 , Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state . He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors , going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist . In turn . In 1978 . , Serb and Albanian groups .",
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              "question": "Where did Tito go in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leaders?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beijing",
                  "answer_start": 183
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17878_s",
          "context": "From 1889 , when Guangxu began to rule in his own right , to 1898 , the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement , spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace . On November 1 , 1897 . In response . The occupation prompted a `` scramble for concessions '' in 1898 .",
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              "question": "Where does the queen spend most of her time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Summer Palace",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Empress Dowager spend most of her time?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-506_s",
          "context": "A sequel to Spectre will begin development in spring 2016. Sam Mendes has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film. Christoph Waltz has signed on for two more films in the series, but his return depends on whether or not Craig will again portray Bond.",
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              "id": "56cef706aab44d1400b88d50_s",
              "question": "When will the ghost be followed?",
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                {
                  "text": "spring 2016",
                  "answer_start": 46
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will work being on the follow-up to Spectre?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-236_s",
          "context": ". , Julian Fontana , had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England , who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure . '' Fontana was to become .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee1b_s",
              "question": "Who is called the boy of all walks of life serving frdouden233; D2233; ric?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Julian Fontana",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Frédéric?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4575_s",
          "context": ". His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day . , the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy -- in Roman mythology the founding act of Rome .",
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              "question": "Who is Enid's main character?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aeneas",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the main character in the Aeneid?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18366_s",
          "context": "The city 's planned design included specific areas for almost everything , including accommodation , Hotels Sectors North and South . New hotel facilities are being developed elsewhere , such as the hotels and tourism Sector North . , pensions and hostels to larger international chain hotels . The city 's restaurants cater to a wide range of foods from local and regional Brazilian dishes to international cuisine .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5731e152b9d445190005e5ff_s",
              "question": "Where is the hotel in Brasilia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hotels Sectors North and South",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Brasilia place hotels?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-262_s",
          "context": "In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street . At his first engagement , on 15 May at Stafford House , the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . , who was himself a talented musician , moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin 's technique . Chopin was also sought after for piano lessons , for which he charged the high fee of one guinea -LRB- £ 1.05 in present British currency -RRB- per hour , and for private recitals for which the fee was 20 guineas . At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot , who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56d372e959d6e41400146405_s",
              "question": "Who sang Chopin's songs on July 7 that year in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Viardot",
                  "answer_start": 526
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sang chopin arrangements on July 7 of the year Chopin was in London?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13057_s",
          "context": "Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs , while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region , reinforced by the rare military intervention . This existed as a `` diarchic structure '' under the Yuan emperor , with power primarily in favor of the Mongols . , whose seat became the capital of Tibet . , founder of the Yuan dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d1da2ca10214002d974f_s",
              "question": "Who manages structure and administrative rules?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who managed structural and administrative rule?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15150_s",
          "context": "Pluralistic idealism such as that of Gottfried Leibniz takes the view that there are many individual minds that together underlie the existence of the observed world and make possible the existence of the physical universe . Unlike absolute idealism , pluralistic idealism does not assume the existence of a single ultimate mental reality or `` Absolute '' . Leibniz ' form of idealism , known as Panpsychism , views `` monads '' as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception . The monads are `` substantial forms of being '' , elemental , individual , subject to their own laws , non-interacting , each reflecting the entire universe . Monads are centers of force , which is substance while space , matter and motion are phenomenal and their form and existence is dependent on the simple and immaterial monads . There is a pre-established harmony established by God , the central monad , between the world in the minds of the monads and the external world of objects . Leibniz 's cosmology embraced traditional Christian Theism . , interacting for mutual self - betterment .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b7982be1ee31400cb83bd_s",
              "question": "Who is the outstanding representative of pluralistic idealism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gottfried Leibniz",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1331_s",
          "context": "The fourteenth season premiered on January 7 , 2015 . , Jr. returned for their respective fourth , third and second seasons as judges . Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "randy jackson",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3174e7c41114004b4f1c_s",
              "question": "Who replaced urban in the New York audition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adam Lambert",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took Urban's spot at the New York auditions?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8588_s",
          "context": "In the 1990s , marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan , Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development . , Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools . , the local Taiwanese language program was further extended to all schools in Taiwan , and Taiwanese Hokkien became one of the compulsory local Taiwanese languages to be learned in schools . , Xiamen also began to implement the teaching of Hokkien dialect in its schools . , the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide . A number of universities in Taiwan also offer Hokkien degree courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents to work for the Hokkien media industry and education . Taiwan also has its own Hokkien literary and cultural circles whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry or literature in Hokkien on a regular basis .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c709f1498d1400e8eb02_s",
              "question": "When did Hokkaido in Taiwan change rapidly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the 1990s",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Taiwanese Hokkien have a fast change in development?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10030_s",
          "context": "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them . This would later raise Madonna 's interest in poetry , with Sylvia Plath being her favourite . Later , Madonna commented : `` We were all wounded in one way or another by -LSB- her death -RSB- , and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else . The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something . If I had n't had that emptiness , I would n't have been so driven . Her death had a lot to do with me saying -- after I got over my heartache -- I 'm going to be really strong if I ca n't have my mother . I 'm going to take care of myself . '' , no doubt because of the devastation she felt , Madonna would never again allow herself , or even her daughter , to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died . `` Her death had taught -LSB- Madonna -RSB- a valuable lesson , that she would have to remain strong for herself because , she feared weakness -- particularly her own -- and wanted to be the queen of her own castle . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who is Madonna's favorite poet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sylvia Plath",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Madonna's favorite poet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2851_s",
          "context": ", advocates close attention to population concerns , and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development . Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df578c8bc80c19004e4ae2_s",
              "question": "Who took over the management of the fund in January 2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr. Osotimehin",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18652_s",
          "context": "Penny Marshall 's 1990 film Awakenings , which was nominated for several Oscars . Robin Williams played the physician ; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic -LRB- frozen -RRB- state . The home of Williams ' character was shot not far from Sacks ' actual City Island residence . , were also based on Sacks ' book .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did \"wake up\" come out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did \"Awakenings\" come out?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7789_s",
          "context": "The Nintendo Entertainment System -LRB- also abbreviated as NES -RRB- is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo . It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer -LRB- Japanese : ファミリーコンピュータ , Hepburn : Famirī Konpyūta ? -RRB- -LRB- also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom -LRB- ファミコン , Famikon ? -RRB- , and Australia in 1987 . In South Korea , it was known as the Hyundai Comboy -LRB- 현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi -RRB- and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics . It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57111b3aa58dae1900cd6c49_s",
              "question": "When was it published in Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 385
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was it released in Australia?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8340_s",
          "context": ". Seleucus ' war elephants proved decisive , Antigonus was killed . Meanwhile .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c25489a1e219009abe03_s",
              "question": "Who lost in the battle of ipses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antigonus",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lost in the Battle of Ipsus?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-475_s",
          "context": "Despite being an original story . , a background character in the short story `` Octopussy '' from the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection , and who is named in the film as having been a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond in 1983 . Similarly , Charmian Bond is shown to have been his full-time guardian . With the acquisition of the rights to Spectre and its associated characters .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christoph waltz",
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            "quantum of solace",
            "neal purvis"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf3e29aab44d1400b88ed0_s",
              "question": "Who has to do with full-time security?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charmian Bond",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Bond's full time guardian?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-112_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star -LRB- singing a cover version of `` Wishing on a Star '' -RRB- and True Star Gold . Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance . The commercial , was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyoncé appearing to lie naked in a room . , Beyoncé launched her second fragrance , Heat Rush . Beyoncé 's third fragrance , Pulse . In 2013 , The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released . The six editions of Heat are the world 's best-selling celebrity fragrance line , with sales of over $ 400 million .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bed1243aeaaa14008c94b6_s",
              "question": "When was the limited edition of Mrs. Carter show published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 437
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition was released in what year?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-471_s",
          "context": ", Q ; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online . , telling him she can not be part of a life involving espionage , and is subsequently kidnapped . On the way , but the rest still proceed with the plan . After Q succeeds in preventing the Nine Eyes from going online , a brief struggle between M and C ends with the latter falling to his death . Meanwhile , which is scheduled for demolition , and frees himself . Moving throughout the ruined labyrinth , he encounters a disfigured Blofeld . Bond shoots down Blofeld 's helicopter , which crashes onto Westminster Bridge . As Blofeld crawls away from the wreckage .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who is meeting at MI6?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Blofeld",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Bond meet in the MI6 building?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3777_s",
          "context": "The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation , which mainly consists of bus , taxi and metro systems . The bus network , provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas . Nanjing Metro Line 1 , with 16 stations and a length of 21.72 km . , Nanjing has a metro system with a grand total of 223.6 kilometers -LRB- 138.9 mi -RRB- of route and 121 stations . They are Line 1 , Line 2 , Line 3 , Line 10 , Line S1 and Line S8 . The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 3, 2005",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7abd937bdd419002c4307_s",
              "question": "When is Nanjing expected to arrive at the light rail?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2030",
                  "answer_start": 551
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1360_s",
          "context": "Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show . Usher , a mentor on the show , bemoaning the loss of the `` true art form of music '' , thought that shows like American Idol made it seem `` so easy that everyone can do it , and that it can happen overnight '' , and that `` television is a lie '' . , while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers , said that American Idol `` is n't really about music . It 's about all the bad aspects of the music business -- the arrogance of commerce , this sense of ` I know what will make this person a star ; artists themselves do n't know . ' '' That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry . It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others . Elton John , who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol , commenting on talent shows in general , said that `` there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56db62cce7c41114004b504f_s",
              "question": "Who are good teachers and good friends, but later refused the opportunity to judge idols?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elton John",
                  "answer_start": 844
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a mentor but later turned down the opportunity to judge Idol?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-644_s",
          "context": ", according to the 2010 Census , number more than one million . , Ecuadorian , Peruvian , and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world . , Queens -LRB- 法拉盛華埠 -RRB- , are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves , respectively . In 2012 . A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese -LRB- Chaoxianzu -LRB- Chinese : 朝鲜族 -RRB- or Joseonjok -LRB- Hangul , Queens , India , also centered in Queens . Koreans made up 1.2 % of the city 's population , and Japanese 0.3 % . Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8 % , followed by Vietnamese . Indians are the largest South Asian group , comprising 2.4 % of the city 's population , with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7 % and 0.5 % , respectively . Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians , Koreans , and Filipinos , as well as Malaysians and other Southeast Asians .",
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              "question": "Where is the Tibetan population distributed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Queens",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What borough is home to a large Tibetan population?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17056_s",
          "context": "In 1821 , Mexico won its independence from Spain , and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California . In 1822 , Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California . The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned , while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill . The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833 . The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo , defeating Pío Pico in the vote . -LRB- See , List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego . -RRB- However , San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents . Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd71ba23a5019007fca77_s",
              "question": "Who ran for arkard's first post but failed in the election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pío Pico",
                  "answer_start": 504
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16806_s",
          "context": "In 1992 , the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association 's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate . ; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three . There was no change in competition format ; the same number of teams competed in the top flight , and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e5f54776f41900661465_s",
              "question": "When was the Premier League legally established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 May 1992",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date was the FA Premier League formed legally?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12536_s",
          "context": "Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the owner of the current order?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bruno Cadoré",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current Master of the Order?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12342_s",
          "context": ". , presented `` the author 's final and uninfluenced artistic intentions . '' In his writings , Tanselle refers to `` unconstrained authorial intention '' or `` an author 's uninfluenced intentions . '' , who had merely suggested that the editor inquire whether a later reading `` is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former '' , not implying any further inquiry as to why the author had made the change .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279ae4dd62a815002ea1cb_s",
              "question": "Who wants to know why the author has to modify the work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tanselle",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to determine why an author made changes to a work?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14285_s",
          "context": "Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified ; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes was avenging his father , whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage . They invade his temple . Apollo promises to protect Orestes , as Orestes has become Apollo 's supplicant . Apollo advocates Orestes at the trial .",
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              "id": "5728dea13acd2414000e00ca_s",
              "question": "Who is charged with murder?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Orestes",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of matricide?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6380_s",
          "context": "Current manager , Roberto Martínez , is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939 . There have also been four caretaker managers , and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee . , who was in charge of the team from 1961 -- 73 , taking in 594 first team matches . , who won two Division One championships , the 1984 FA Cup , the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charity shields",
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            {
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          "context": ". In selecting a Chief Justice , Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives , noting privately that Warren `` represents the kind of political , economic ... He has a national name for integrity , uprightness , and courage that , again , I believe we need on the Court '' .",
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          "context": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).",
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          "context": "An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges , and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts , by the Congress and in the states the legislatures . Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court , the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court 's expertise , but can withdraw that delegation at any time .",
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          "context": "Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier -LRB- 1506 : `` There is no nation in the world which fears death less . '' Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people : `` I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese , for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger . '' . He also observed : `` The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China , Korea , Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines . ''",
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          "context": ", for whom the City of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 . , the main campus is a 240-acre -LRB- 97 ha -RRB- parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools are located on a 25-acre -LRB- 10 ha -RRB- campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .",
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              "question": "When did Northwest University begin to teach?",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Northwestern University began teaching?"
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          "context": "Early computing machines had fixed programs . Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine . With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed . A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions -LRB- a program -RRB- that details the computation . The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper . John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania .",
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              "question": "When did Alan Turing write his paper on the basis of a stored program computer?",
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                  "text": "1936",
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              "original_question": "When did Alan Turing write his paper about the basis for the stored-program computer?"
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          "context": ", which meant becoming Mr. Olympia . His first attempt was in 1969 , when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva . However , making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23 , a record he still holds to this day .",
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              "original_question": "Who won Mr. Olympia 1969?"
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          "context": "Federal law originates with the Constitution , which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce . The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes . Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations , which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations . Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation , and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis .",
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              "question": "Who has the right to legislate for Intergovernmental Affairs?",
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              "original_question": "Who has the power and right to enact statutes for interstate dealings?"
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          "context": "Everton were founder members of the Premier League in 1992 , but struggled to find the right manager . , while his successor , Mike Walker , was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date . ; his first game in charge was a 2 -- 0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool . Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation , leading the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history , defeating Manchester United 1 -- 0 in the final .",
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          "context": "In August 1855 a Franco-British naval force captured and destroyed the Russian Bomarsund fortress on Åland Islands . In the same month . More than 1000 enemy guns tested the strength of the fortress for two days . Despite the shelling , the sailors of the 120-gun ship Rossiya , led by Captain Viktor Poplonsky , defended the entrance to the harbor . The Allies fired over 20,000 shells but failed to defeat the Russian batteries . A massive new fleet of more than 350 gunboats and mortar vessels was prepared -LSB- by whom ? -RSB- , but before the attack was launched , the war ended .",
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              "question": "Who drove the Rosia?",
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              "original_question": "Who led the ship Rossiya?"
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          "context": "The Chamorros , Guam 's indigenous people , settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago . , like Diego Luis de San Vitores , a Catholic missionary . , Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons . During the Spanish -- American War . Under the Treaty of Paris . Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations .",
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          "context": "In 2013 , Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year , $ 575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field . , the proposed plans included vast improvements to the stadium 's facade , infrastructure , restrooms , concourses , suites , press box , bullpens , and clubhouses , as well as a 6,000-square foot jumbotron to be added in the left field bleachers , batting tunnels , a 3,000-square-foot video board in right field , and , eventually , an adjacent hotel , plaza , and office-retail complex . , former mayor Richard M. Daley -LRB- a staunch White Sox fan -RRB- , and especially the rooftop owners .",
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          "context": "After Christianization , the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts , known as Ostsiedlung . During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights , were conquered by the Germans . The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples . The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians , although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians ; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century . The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families , including amongst the Prussia 's aristocracy known as the Junkers . Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin . Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic -LRB- Old Prussians -RRB- and Slavic -LRB- Wends -RRB- populations , who were exhausted by previous warfare .",
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          "context": ", their largest offensive of World War II . During this time , many of the newest American-trained Chinese units and supplies were forcibly locked in the Burmese theater under Joseph Stilwell set by terms of the Lend-Lease Agreement . Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties , these attacks , the biggest in several years , gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in Guangxi . Despite major tactical victories , the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains . A great majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area . Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath of Ichi-go .",
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              "original_question": "Where did the Chinese stop the Operation Ichi-Go incursion?"
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          "context": "The Battle of Wörth -LRB- also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen -RRB- began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller , about 10 miles -LRB- 16 km -RRB- from Wissembourg . The Crown Prince of Prussia 's 3rd army had , on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal , drawn reinforcements which brought its strength up to 140,000 troops . The French had been slowly reinforced and their force numbered only 35,000 . Although badly outnumbered , the French defended their position just outside Fröschwiller . , the Germans had suffered c. 10,500 killed or wounded and the French had lost a similar number of casualties and another c. 9,200 men taken prisoner , a loss of about 50 % . The Germans captured Fröschwiller which sat on a hilltop in the centre of the French line . Having lost any hope for victory and facing a massacre , the French army disengaged and retreated in a westerly direction towards Bitche and Saverne , hoping to join French forces on the other side of the Vosges mountains . The German 3rd army did not pursue the French but remained in Alsace and moved slowly south , attacking and destroying the French garrisons in the vicinity .",
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          "context": "In season eight , Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer -- songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge . She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten . , but left after just one season . On January 11 , 2010 . , but both left after two seasons . They were replaced by three new judges . Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13 . , Jr. . , Jr. all returned as judges for the show 's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons .",
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          "context": "Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians . His availability to the public , despite assassination attempts against him , was unparalleled among his successors . A skilled orator , Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970 , a record for any Egyptian head of state . , in triumph or defeat '' . The national press also helped to foster his popularity and profile -- more so after the nationalization of state media . :",
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          "context": "In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black : Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert , a collection of Aboriginal people 's stories , a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography . In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry , in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any :",
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          "context": ". Sulami 's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir -LRB- `` Truths of Exegesis '' -RRB- which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis . These works include material from Sulami 's books plus the author 's contributions . Rumi -LRB- d. 1273 -RRB- wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi . Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry , a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi 's work . A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi , which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran . Rumi 's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran , however , Rumi does mention Quran more frequently . He reconciled notions of God 's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam . His work ruh al-Bayan -LRB- the Spirit of Elucidation -RRB- is a voluminous exegesis . Written in Arabic , it combines the author 's own ideas with those of his predecessors -LRB- notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali -RRB- , all woven together in Hafiz , a Persian poetry form .",
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          "context": "The bank is based in Frankfurt , the largest financial centre in the Eurozone . Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty . The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau . The building is approximately 180 metres -LRB- 591 ft -RRB- tall and will be accompanied with other secondary buildings on a landscaped site on the site of the former wholesale market in the eastern part of Frankfurt am Main . The main construction began in October 2008 . While it was designed to accommodate double the number of staff who operate in the former Eurotower , that building has been retained since the ECB took responsibility for banking supervision and more space was hence required .",
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              "original_question": "Where is the European Central bank located?"
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          "context": ", beginning the Gempei War , which ended in 1185 . Samurai fought at the naval battle of Dan-no-ura , at the Shimonoseki Strait which separates Honshu and Kyushu in 1185 . The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo established the superiority of the samurai over the aristocracy . - taishōgun , establishing the Kamakura Shogunate , or Kamakura Bakufu . Instead of ruling from Kyoto , he set up the Shogunate in Kamakura , near his base of power . `` Bakufu '' means `` tent government '' , taken from the encampments the soldiers would live in , in accordance with the Bakufu 's status as a military government .",
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          "context": "The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 -LRB- also known as the McCain -- Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate -RRB- . Because of the Act 's restrictions on candidates ' and parties ' fundraising , a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged . Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code , these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns . Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth , MoveOn.org , the Media Fund . Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season . -LRB- There was some similar activity , although on a much lesser scale , during the 2000 campaign . -RRB-",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8797_s",
          "context": "Thus , Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy , an art gallery and a tourist attraction . Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb 's famous façade , which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking `` like everybody 's idea of a palace '' . The palace also houses the offices of the Queen , Prince Philip , Duke of York , Earl and Countess of Wessex , Princess Royal , and Princess Alexandra , and is the workplace of more than 800 people .",
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              "original_question": "In what year were the railings and gates completed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9421_s",
          "context": "During the 20th century , many artists immigrated to Mexico City from different regions of Mexico , such as Leopoldo Méndez , an engraver from Veracruz , designed to help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art . Other painters came from abroad . It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme .",
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              "question": "Who is the famous sculptor who moved to Mexico City?",
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                  "text": "Leopoldo Méndez",
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              "original_question": "Who was a famous engraver that migrated to Mexico City?"
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          "context": "From childhood , Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya ; his nation was occupied by Italy , and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops . According to later claims , Gaddafi 's paternal grandfather , Abdessalam Bouminyar . , Libya was occupied by British and French forces . Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires , the General Assembly of the United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- declared that the country be granted political independence . In 1951 , the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya , a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch , Idris , who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy .",
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          "context": ", of New York , sailing under British colours , which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819 ; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti , which he named Ellice 's Island after an English Politician , Edward Ellice .",
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              "question": "Who are they called pester Ellis Island for?",
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              "original_question": "For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?"
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          "context": "Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10–60 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed].",
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                  "answer_start": 545
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "If contestants get approval from the judges, where do they go next?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13765_s",
          "context": "In 2002 , the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism , and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar , head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed , and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed , chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba , and took dozens of activists into custody . , the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids . Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps . , namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh , who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations , and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .",
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              "question": "When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azar?",
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              "original_question": "When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?"
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          "context": "In the Middle Ages , the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related . The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way . The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and , if necessary , to vote for his dismissal -LRB- Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call , install and dismiss teachers , as testified in Scripture ; 1523 -RRB- . Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen -LRB- church elders , presbyters -RRB- in his representative church government . The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod , whose members were elected by the congregations , to Calvin 's system of church self-government . This system was taken over by the other reformed churches .",
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              "question": "Who has increased the choice of layman in church government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Calvin",
                  "answer_start": 488
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          "context": "During the English Civil War Plymouth sided with the Parliamentarians and was besieged for almost four years by the Royalists . The last major attack by the Royalist was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth , but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park . The civil war ended as a Parliamentary win , but monarchy was restored by King Charles II in 1660 , who imprisoned many of the Parliamentary heroes on Drake 's Island . Construction of the Royal Citadel began in 1665 , after the Restoration ; it was armed with cannon facing both out to sea and into the town , rumoured to be a reminder to residents not to oppose the Crown .",
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              "question": "Where did the last battle of Plymouth end during the British civil war?",
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                  "text": "Freedom Fields Park",
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          "context": "The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city , as a number of businesses , including banks and airlines , were privatized . This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City 's economic base , from manufacturing to services , as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico , or more commonly to the northern border . By contrast , corporate office buildings set their base in the city .",
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              "question": "Who privatized airlines in Mexico?",
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              "original_question": "Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?"
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          "context": "On 22 May 2015 , Sun reporter Anthony France was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office between 2008 and 2011 . France 's trial followed the London Metropolitan Police 's Operation Elveden , an ongoing investigation into alleged payments to police and officials in exchange for information . , an anti-terrorism police officer based at Heathrow Airport . The police officer had already pleaded guilty to misconduct in a public office and given a two-year gaol sentence in 2014 , but the jury in France 's trial was not informed of this . Following the passing of the guilty verdict , the officer leading Operation Elveden , corrupt relationship '' .",
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          "context": "In January 2002 , such as Abu Sayyaf , under Operation Enduring Freedom . Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago , where terrorists and other groups are active . The majority of troops provide logistics . However , there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups .",
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                  "text": "the Sulu Archipelago",
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              "original_question": "Where did anti-terrorist fighting take place?"
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          "context": ". The President disagreed with advisers who recommended unilateral U.S. bombing of the North Korean forces , whose government asked to fight in Korea . The United States denied ROC 's request for combat , lest it provoke a communist Chinese retaliation . , Chinese premier Zhou Enlai criticized both the UN and U.S. initiatives as `` armed aggression on Chinese territory . ''",
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              "question": "Who is the Prime Minister of China who describes the actions of the United States and the United Nations as acts of aggression?",
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                  "text": "Zhou Enlai",
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          "context": "Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.",
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          "context": ", or even atheistic , a very serious issue at the time . Contemporary chroniclers catalogued his various anti-religious habits at length , including his failure to take communion , his blasphemous remarks , and his witty but scandalous jokes about church doctrine , including jokes about the implausibility of the Resurrection . , combined with his relatively advanced education , may have turned him against the church . Other historians have been more cautious in interpreting this material , most especially with Hugh of Lincoln , who was later declared a saint . Financial records show a normal royal household engaged in the usual feasts and pious observances . , '' citing his pilgrimages and interest in religious scripture and commentaries .",
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          "context": "The library is based at two public sites : the Reading Room at the RIBA 's headquarters , 66 Portland Place , London ; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A . The Reading Room , designed by the building 's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam , original furniture and double-height central space . The study rooms , opened in 2004 , were designed by Wright & Wright . The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge . It operates a free education programme aimed at students , education groups and families , and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre .",
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            {
              "id": "56e75e2d00c9c71400d77025_s",
              "question": "When was the reading room of Royal College open?",
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                  "text": "2004",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms open?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10889_s",
          "context": "In 1947 , the King and his family toured Southern Africa . The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa , Jan Smuts , was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit . , however , when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites , and referred to his South African bodyguards as `` the Gestapo '' . Despite the tour , Smuts lost the election the following year , and the new government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation .",
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                  "text": "Jan Smuts",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Prime Minister of South Africa in 1947?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3756_s",
          "context": ", the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking -LRB- Chongqing -RRB- and resumed Chinese resistance . , a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the `` Nanjing Regime '' or `` Reorganized National Government of China '' led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek 's government in Chongqing . In 1946 , after the Surrender of Japan , the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing .",
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              "question": "When did the Kuomintang move back to Nanjing?",
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          "context": "The bacillus causing tuberculosis , M. tuberculosis . He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery . Koch did not believe the bovine -LRB- cattle -RRB- and human tuberculosis diseases were similar , which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection . Later , the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced by the invention of the pasteurization process . , calling it `` tuberculin '' . While it was not effective , it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis .",
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                  "text": "1905",
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              "original_question": "What year was Koch awarded a Nobel Prize?"
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          "context": "Madonna starred in the film Swept Away , directed by Ritchie . Released direct-to-video in the UK , the film was a commercial and critical failure . In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre -LRB- billed as ` Madonna Ritchie ' -RRB- . , in which she had a cameo role , described by The Guardian film reviewer as `` incredibly wooden '' . The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song .",
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              "question": "When did Madonna show up for grabs at Windham's theater?",
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                  "text": "May 2002",
                  "answer_start": 152
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              "original_question": "When did Madonna appear in the play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5883_s",
          "context": ", was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo , whose firmness had earned well-merited praise . The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches , which became the focus of all their energy and resources . After a review of the situation , at least while the campaign lasted . He resigned under opposition , but was renominated in 1837 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5707258d90286e26004fc959_s",
              "question": "Who is given military command because of its strength?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Colonel J.J. Calvo",
                  "answer_start": 59
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              "original_question": "Military command was given to whom based on his firmness?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16634_s",
          "context": "Since 2009 . , with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees . In addition to readings and lectures , it features a science fair , varied entertainment , food , and exhibitors ranging from local retailers and publishers to regional and national nonprofit organizations . , the Festival began presenting a Founder 's Award ; recipients include Elmore Leonard and R.L. Stine .",
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18075_s",
          "context": "An exceptionally well preserved , carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany , the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390 . Because of its purely geometrical pattern . A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor .",
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              "question": "Where is the Lazarus Church in Byzantium today?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bethany",
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              "original_question": "Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6187_s",
          "context": "The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. It specified a \"dollar\" to be based in the Spanish milled dollar and of 371 grains and 4 sixteenths part of a grain of pure or 416 grains (27.0 g) of standard silver and an \"eagle\" to be 247 and 4 eighths of a grain or 270 grains (17 g) of gold (again depending on purity). The choice of the value 371 grains arose from Alexander Hamilton's decision to base the new American unit on the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. Hamilton got the treasury to weigh a sample of Spanish dollars and the average weight came out to be 371 grains. A new Spanish dollar was usually about 377 grains in weight, and so the new U.S. dollar was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar.",
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            {
              "id": "5709c16bed30961900e8446f_s",
              "question": "Who decided to base the reunification of the United States on the Spanish dollar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander Hamilton",
                  "answer_start": 408
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the decision to base the American Unit on the weight on the Spanish dollar?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11693_s",
          "context": ", akin to -- and influenced in style by -- the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys . The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices ' small screens ; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics . The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation , Digimon Adventure , and an early video game , Digimon World , both released in 1999 . Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired , and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing , racing , fighting , and MMORPGs . Other media forms have also been released .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a19286aef05140015526e_s",
              "question": "When was the digital game published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 429
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Digimon video game released?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10331_s",
          "context": ": Read All About It . She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester . , who was keen to run it , who had been Starr 's public relations agent . Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him ; the attention helped to revive his career . In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped , Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication : `` I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster , gerbil , guinea pig , mouse , shrew , vole or any other small mammal . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268c78708984140094c9bc_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the book with McAfee?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Starr",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was writing a book with McCaffrey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17995_s",
          "context": "On 18 January 2014 , the interim government successfully institutionalised a more secular constitution . The parliament may impeach the president . Under the constitution , there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute freedom of thought . Under the constitution , political parties may not be based on `` religion , race , gender or geography '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next 8 years",
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            "18 january 2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731715ce6313a140071cf42_s",
              "question": "When was the new constitution institutionalized?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 January 2014",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was new constitution institutionalised?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9892_s",
          "context": "The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report , which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada , as a solution to political unrest there . , which created the Province of Canada . , and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies . With the passage of the British North America Act , Upper and Lower Canada , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada , a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1867"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267b4add62a815002e869c_s",
              "question": "When is it proposed to join up with Canada?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1839",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was it proposed to unify Upper and Lower Canada?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4223_s",
          "context": "^ 7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group . Most Slavic Muslims -LRB- especially in Bosnia , but some still use the `` Muslim '' designation . Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably . However , a small number of people within Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith .",
          "c_entity": [
            "croatia",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f74783a6d7ea1400e17154_s",
              "question": "Where do a few people call themselves Bosnians, but not necessarily Muslims?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
                  "answer_start": 315
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-732_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce30f5aab44d1400b88523_s",
              "question": "Who wrote and killed a Robin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harper Lee",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13127_s",
          "context": "As for modern and contemporary architecture , good examples of post-World War II functional architecture -LRB- the Cité Rotterdam , for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest -RRB- and , in the very extended Quartier Européen , some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size . , the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it , as well as , in the outskirts .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "zaha hadid",
            "hôtel du département",
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            "cité de la musique et de la danse"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572818b63acd2414000df46c_s",
              "question": "Who lost in the construction competition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Le Corbusier",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who lost the architectural contest?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5908_s",
          "context": "In February 2012 . Following this . However , on 1 May 2012 , Roy Hodgson was announced as the new manager . England managed to finish top of their group , winning two and drawing one of their fixtures , but exited the Championships in the quarter-finals via a penalty shoot-out , this time to Italy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57098554200fba1400368127_s",
              "question": "Who became the new manager of the British football team in May 2012?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roy Hodgson",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the new manager of England's football team in May of 2012?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12178_s",
          "context": ", à la the Baltic republics ' popular fronts . The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak , gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "belarusian popular front",
            "nkvd",
            "kgb",
            "zianon pazniak"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e3e82ca10214002d98b7_s",
              "question": "Who found the mass grave?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zianon Pazniak",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who found mass graves?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1489_s",
          "context": "Malaysia , on April 21 . The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square , passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers . Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House , National Mosque . A team of 1000 personnel from the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guarded the event and escorted the torchbearers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tokyo",
            "kuala lumpur",
            "kl",
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            "merdeka stadium"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3546e7c41114004b4f46_s",
              "question": "Where does the relay race in Malaysia start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Independence Square",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What is the location of the start of the relay in Malaysia?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2168_s",
          "context": "Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture , in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "frank lloyd wright",
            "fallingwater"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e4b69439bdeb14003479b6_s",
              "question": "Who is the tool to create organic architecture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frank Lloyd Wright",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3700_s",
          "context": "Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540 . By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2a_s",
              "question": "Who gave the Abbey cathedral the status of 154?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry VIII",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7014_s",
          "context": "After Richard 's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne : John , whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II , and young Arthur I of Brittany , who held a claim as the son of John 's elder brother Geoffrey . Richard appears to have started to recognise John as his heir presumptive in the final years before his death , but the matter was not clear-cut and medieval law gave little guidance as to how the competing claims should be decided . With Norman law favouring John as the only surviving son of Henry II and Angevin law favouring Arthur as the only son of Henry 's elder son , the matter rapidly became an open conflict . John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster , backed by his mother , Eleanor . , who remained committed to breaking up the Angevin territories on the continent . , John 's continental empire was in danger of being cut in two .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4d2dfed7b91900d45875_s",
              "question": "Where was John crowned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Westminster",
                  "answer_start": 773
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was John crowned?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2827_s",
          "context": "At the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus of resources can be accumulated by any single member. Other characteristics Lee and DeVore proposed were flux in territorial boundaries as well as in demographic composition.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1966"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa4514a1a83140091ec07_s",
              "question": "When did the man attend the hunter meeting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Man the Hunter conference?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3353_s",
          "context": "The second generation of the system , officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System -LRB- BDS -RRB- and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2 , will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites , and is under construction as of January 2015 -LSB- update -RSB- . , with 10 satellites in use .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2020",
            "december 2012",
            "december 2011",
            "january 2015"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f1b0231d4119001ac48d_s",
              "question": "When did Beidou 2 start construction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2015",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the BeiDou-2 begin construction?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-277_s",
          "context": ", allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor . He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed . At the request of the composer 's mother and sisters , however , his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers -LRB- Opp . 66 -- 73 -RRB- , published in 1855 . In 1857 , though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3929359d6e4140014679f_s",
              "question": "Who classified 23 unpublished articles as opp.66-73 in 1855?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Julian Fontana",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as Opp. 66-73 in 1855?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-90_s",
          "context": ". Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive , describing her voice as `` one of the most compelling instruments in popular music '' . While another critic says she is a `` Vocal acrobat , being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly , and in key . Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny 's Child . , capable of exploring power ballads , soul , rock belting , operatic flourishes , and hip hop . , with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting '' . , but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry , gospel and falsetto . Other critics praise her range and power . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york times",
            "chris richards",
            "beyoncé",
            "jody rosen",
            "jon pareles",
            "the washington post"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb50f3aeaaa14008c9270_s",
              "question": "Who says Beyonce's tone and timbre are different?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jody Rosen",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who talked about Beyonce's tone and timbre as distinctive?"
            }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4666_s",
          "context": ", Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings . During these visits Shelley wrote the poem `` Mont Blanc '' , Byron wrote `` The Prisoner of Chillon '' and the dramatic poem Manfred , and Mary Shelley , who found the scenery overwhelming , conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm . When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix , he declaimed , in defiance of Shelley , who had signed himself `` Atheos '' in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers , `` Who would be , who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders '' . By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0fa1_s",
              "question": "When did scientists begin to study the geology and ecology of the Alps on a large scale?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-19th century",
                  "answer_start": 690
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region?"
            }
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4933_s",
          "context": "From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries. The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East.",
          "c_entity": [
            "mustafa kemal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0777_s",
              "question": "Who was a senior officer in the Ottoman Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mustafa Kemal",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3444_s",
          "context": "During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river . The language also reached Murcia .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "the 13th century",
            "the 14th century",
            "and 12th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e132ebcd28a01900c67697_s",
              "question": "When did the Catalan rulers expand their territory north of the Ebro?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11th and 12th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5808_s",
          "context": "In England , one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours . The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with `` repetitive beats '' . There were a number of abortive `` Kill the Bill '' demonstrations . , and forced through the bill , which became law , in November 1994 . The music continued to grow and change , as typified by Leftfield with `` Release the Pressure '' , which introduced dub and reggae into the house sound , although Leftfield had prior releases .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leftfield",
            "morten",
            "sheffield"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b81c0eeca41400aa0d9b_s",
              "question": "Who recorded the impact by reducing the pressure?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leftfield",
                  "answer_start": 485
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who recorded the hit single \"release the pressure\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5350_s",
          "context": "Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fde0be761e401900d28c1e_s",
              "question": "When did Conrad Zucker invent Z2?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Konrad Zuse invent the Z2?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6420_s",
          "context": "Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downwards. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump launching fully loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aae5d4103511400d59920_s",
              "question": "Who first developed ski jump?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Royal Navy",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1904_s",
          "context": ", in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army . This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration , the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1579",
            "1581"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dddb4466d3e219004dad3a_s",
              "question": "When was the abortion bill signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1581",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Act of Abjuration signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18369_s",
          "context": "The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil . The palace was designed , along with the rest of the city of Brasília , by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958 . One of the first structures built in the republic 's new capital city , the `` Alvorada '' lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake Paranoá . The principles of simplicity and modernity , motivated Niemeyer . The viewer has an impression of looking at a glass box , softly landed on the ground with the support of thin external columns . The building has an area of 7,000 m2 with three floors consisting of the basement , landing , and second floor . The auditorium , kitchen , laundry , medical center , and administration offices are at basement level . The rooms used by the presidency for official receptions are on the landing . The second floor has four suites , two apartments , and various private rooms which make up the residential part of the palace . The building also has a library , a heated Olympic-sized swimming pool , a music room , two dining rooms and various meeting rooms . A chapel and heliport are in adjacent buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the past",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e2a6e99e3014001e63b5_s",
              "question": "When did Brazil start as president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Brasilia's presidential residence open?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8150_s",
          "context": "In 1853 , Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . For example .",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722cbc2f6b826140030fc3a_s",
              "question": "Who is Victoria's eighth child?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leopold",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Victoria's eighth child?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-223_s",
          "context": "Fryderyk 's father . , and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska , a poor relative of the Skarbeks , one of the families for whom he worked . Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday , 23 April 1810 , in the same church where his parents had married , in Brochów . His eighteen-year-old godfather , for whom he was named . Fryderyk was the couple 's second child and only son ; he had an elder sister -- 55 -RRB- , and two younger sisters -- 27 -RRB- . , and insisted on the use of the Polish language in the household .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicolas chopin",
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            "izabela"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbdbf36d243a140015ed99_s",
              "question": "Who did Richard's father marry in 1806?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Justyna Krzyżanowska",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Frédéric's father marry in 1806?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5690_s",
          "context": ", Monopoly . , it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game . After she arrived , and taught it to a group of local Quakers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlantic city",
            "u.s.",
            "indianapolis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706df8f90286e26004fc720_s",
              "question": "Where did monopoly games first appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Indianapolis",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What location was originally featured in the  Monopoly game? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10878_s",
          "context": ". Less than a year later , on 11 December 1936 , who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second . , a position he was reluctant to accept . The day before the abdication , he went to London to see his mother , Queen Mary . He wrote in his diary , `` When I told her what had happened , I broke down and sobbed like a child . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "wallis simpson",
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            "queen mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728171d3acd2414000df44e_s",
              "question": "Who is Edward's mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Queen Mary",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Edward's mother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2910_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , after almost 80 years , NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons , along with the rights to the character himself . In return . However .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nbc universal",
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            "nfl",
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            {
              "id": "56e14bdacd28a01900c67766_s",
              "question": "Who was the seller of Oswald comics in 2006?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "NBC Universal",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was 2006 seller of the Oswald cartoons?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2556_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development . Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders . '' -LSB- citation needed -RSB- On April 24 , 1967 , the single pilot of Soyuz 1 , Vladimir Komarov , became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality . The mission was planned to be a three-day test , to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2 , but the mission was plagued with problems . Early on , Komarov 's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed . Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely , resulting in the craft spinning wildly . Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system , which was only partially effective . The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day . During the emergency re-entry , a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail , and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute ; Komarov was killed on impact . Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lenin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fedde3433e1400422a74_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to die in space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir Komarov",
                  "answer_start": 220
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9336_s",
          "context": "The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed was expressed in degrees Scheiner, originally ranging from 1° Sch. to 20° Sch., where an increment of 19° Sch. corresponded to a hundredfold increase in sensitivity, which meant that an increment of 3° Sch. came close to a doubling of sensitivity.",
          "c_entity": [
            "julius scheiner"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263eaf89a1e219009ac5b4_s",
              "question": "Who created this pseudo grid system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the German astronomer Julius Scheiner",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the Scheinergrade system? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5910_s",
          "context": "To begin with , England had no permanent home stadium . The relationship between England and FIFA became strained . As a result , they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950 , in which they were beaten in a 1 -- 0 defeat by the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928",
            "1923",
            "1950",
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            "1946",
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            "1908"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709867ced30961900e84280_s",
              "question": "When was England's first year at FIFA?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the first year after England left and rejoined FIFA in which they played in a World Cup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1377_s",
          "context": "Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.",
          "c_entity": [
            "eurasia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316a_s",
              "question": "Where is the origin of dog training?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eurasia",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4680_s",
          "context": "During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors , but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing . , but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century , France . From 1980 to the present , ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts , leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "tyrol"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8d3179b226e1400dd1097_s",
              "question": "Where are les menuites?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "France",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Les Menuires located? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8426_s",
          "context": "Napoleon 's noble , moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time . In January 1779 , he was enrolled at a religious school in Autun . , he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château . His first language was Corsican , and he always spoke French with a marked Corsican accent and never learned to spell French properly . He was teased by other students for his accent and applied himself to reading . An examiner observed that Napoleon `` has always been distinguished for his application in mathematics . He is fairly well acquainted with history and geography ... This boy would make an excellent sailor . '' -LSB- note 3 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265007dd62a815002e8146_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon begin his religious education in Otton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1779",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon begin religious schooling in Autun?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17456_s",
          "context": "The change in political structure led to the inevitable development of the peasant class or smerdy . The smerdy were free un-landed people that found work by labouring for wages on the manors which began to develop around 1031 as the verv ' began to dominate socio-political structure . The smerdy were initially given equality in the Kievian law code , they were theoretically equal to the prince , so they enjoyed as much freedom as can be expected of manual labourers . However .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314bb8497a881900248d74_s",
              "question": "When did the wages of these mansions change?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1031",
                  "answer_start": 222
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did wages on the manors develop?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-771_s",
          "context": ", author Truman Capote , wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition , `` Someone rare has written this very fine first novel : a writer with the liveliest sense of life , and the warmest , most authentic sense of humor . A touching book ; and so funny , so likeable . '' This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily . In 2003 , a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote 's biological father , Archulus Persons , as claiming that Capote had written `` almost all '' of the book . In 2006 , a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville 's literary heritage museum ; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959 . , responded to the rumor , saying : `` That 's the biggest lie ever told . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3e2ac2ccc5a1400d82f13_s",
              "question": "Who will write the book instead of Li?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman Capote",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10084_s",
          "context": "The 2011 census showed that 36.7 per cent of Greater London 's population were born outside the UK . The table to the right shows the 30 most common countries of birth of London residents in 2011 , the date of the last published UK Census . A portion of the German-born population are likely to be British nationals born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany . , Poland , the Republic of Ireland , Bangladesh and Nigeria .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2010",
            "july 2009",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572836863acd2414000df719_s",
              "question": "When was the latest British census released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the most recent UK census published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16997_s",
          "context": "On 17 April 1861 , the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy . , after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond . The city was at the end of a long supply line , which made it somewhat difficult to defend , since it was protected by the Army of Northern Virginia and arguably the Confederacy 's best troops and commanders . It became the main target of Union armies .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573427f7d058e614000b6a3a_s",
              "question": "When did Virginia leave the Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 April 1861",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was Virginia's secession from the Union?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4249_s",
          "context": ", Genoese and Monegasque ships -LRB- under Charles Grimaldi , who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco -RRB- . , Edward III ordered that walls be built to ` close the town ' . The extensive rebuilding -- part of the walls dates from 1175 . Roughly half of the walls , 13 of the original towers , and six gates survive .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1338"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83d50a6d7ea1400e174ff_s",
              "question": "When was the oldest wall built around the city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1175",
                  "answer_start": 254
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3488_s",
          "context": "In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use of -v- /v/ in the imperfect tense in all conjugations: cantava, creixiva, llegiva; the use of many archaic words, usual words in Alguerese: manco instead of menys ('less'), calqui u instead of algú ('someone'), qual/quala instead of quin/quina ('which'), and so on; and the adaptation of weak pronouns.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alghero"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1b264e3433e14004230a6_s",
              "question": "Where does the International Electrotechnical Commission adapt its standards to the Algerian dialect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alghero",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13713_s",
          "context": "Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations . , for example , almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas , primarily from Europe , and , more recently . Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff , soil fertility , changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "north",
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            "america",
            "wisconsin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572830df2ca10214002da03d_s",
              "question": "Where do most of the rain insects come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did most of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5666_s",
          "context": "In 2006 . Revel was hindered with many problems , decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale . Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job , and two of three of those who opposed it `` strongly '' opposed it . Ultimately , Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $ 261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened . As of March 2011 -LSB- update -RSB- . It had a soft opening in April 2012 , and was fully open by May 2012 . Ten months later , in February 2013 , after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $ 2.4 billion to $ 450 million , Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19 , 2014 . It was put up for sale , however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2 , 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "revel entertainment group",
            "morgan stanley",
            "publicmind",
            "chris christie",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a80_s",
              "question": "Who provides a government tax credit of $261 million?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Governor Chris Christie",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6395_s",
          "context": "Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1066"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a83046d058f1900182ef8_s",
              "question": "When was the Norman Conquest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1066",
                  "answer_start": 859
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6273_s",
          "context": ". Nearby are the Leibniz House , the Nolte House . Nearby is the old royal sports hall . , and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence . , where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located . They are part of the Mile of Sculptures , which starts from Trammplatz , leads along the river bank . , the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tower",
            "stadtkirche st. johannis",
            "old town",
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            "kreuz-church-quarter",
            "neustadt",
            "st. georgii",
            "ballhof",
            "georgengarten",
            "trammplatz",
            "königsworther square",
            "calenberger",
            "market hall"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a12fd6d058f1900182c9e_s",
              "question": "Where does the mile of sculpture start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trammplatz",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the Mile of Sculptures start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18742_s",
          "context": "In the United States , August Vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . , a student of Vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita , Kansas . , establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force , a strict merit system for promotions within the department , and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers . During the professionalism era of policing , law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime , rather than broader focus on crime prevention .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "vollmer",
            "chicago police department"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a1_s",
              "question": "Who provides education for American police?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August Vollmer",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced education requirements for US police?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-243_s",
          "context": "In 1836 , at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult . Short -LRB- under five feet , or 152 cm -RRB- , dark , big-eyed and a cigar smoker , who remarked , `` What an unattractive person la Sand is . Is she really a woman ? '' However . It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand . , in Polish , `` My tragedy '' . Sand , without realising that the affair , was over .",
          "c_entity": [
            "maria wodzińska",
            "george sand",
            "grzymała",
            "aurore -lsb-lucile-rsb- dupin",
            "marie d'agoult",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc06496d243a140015ee5a_s",
              "question": "Who is the host of the meeting that introduced George sander?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marie d'Agoult",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the host of the gathering where Frédéric was introduced to George Sand?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6200_s",
          "context": "Today , USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper , unlike most common paper , which is made of wood fiber . U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint . , since 1914 , have been issued by the Federal Reserve . The `` large-sized notes '' issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches -LRB- 188 mm -RRB- by 3.125 inches -LRB- 79.4 mm -RRB- ; small-sized notes , introduced that year , measure 6.14 inches -LRB- 156 mm -RRB- by 2.61 inches -LRB- 66 mm -RRB- by 0.0043 inches -LRB- 0.11 mm -RRB- . When the current , smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bureau of engraving",
            "federal reserve"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709e6f06d058f1900182c10_s",
              "question": "Who has been spending dollars since 1914?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal Reserve",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since 1914, who issues the dollar banknotes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18795_s",
          "context": "Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low interaction between discrete hubs, the disease can jump to and spread in a susceptible hub via a single or few interactions with an infected hub. Thus, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1). However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs. The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method.  Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus in 2001.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57342d2b4776f41900661a11_s",
              "question": "When was the vaccine used to prevent the spread of FMDV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 1074
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18664_s",
          "context": "6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition , thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists . These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm . Pericles , the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras . , known for his famous dictum `` man is the measure of all things '' and Democritus , who proposed that matter was composed of atoms . Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers . The historian Thucydides , noted for his scientific and rational approach to history , is also much admired by later humanists . , Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil , lack of belief in the afterlife , and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia . He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thales",
            "aristotle",
            "bce",
            "plato",
            "xenophanes",
            "anaxagoras"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327d020fdd8d15006c6b09_s",
              "question": "Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanitarian perspective?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thales of Miletus",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-322_s",
          "context": "Chen Qingying , Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing , writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions . Of the county -LRB- zong or dzong -RRB- leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong , the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang . '' The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet , such as senior and junior commanders , and offices of Wanhu -LRB- in charge of 10,000 households -RRB- , were all hereditary positions according to Chen , but he asserts that `` the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor , '' while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beijing",
            "qianhu",
            "phachu kargyu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd480b62d2951400fa650e_s",
              "question": "Where is the research center of Chinese Tibetology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beijing",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-736_s",
          "context": "Born in 1926 , Alabama , where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote . -- 45 -RRB- , and then studied law at the University of Alabama -LRB- 1945 -- 49 -RRB- . While attending college , she wrote for campus literary magazines : Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama . At both colleges , she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice , a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time . In 1950 , where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation ; there . Hoping to be published , Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote . An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript , advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing . Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of alabama",
            "montgomery",
            "new york city",
            "monroeville"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d11a1217492d1400aab956_s",
              "question": "Where does Li go to law school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "University of Alabama",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Lee attend law school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8214_s",
          "context": "Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917 , when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . However , the position changed following the revolution . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1923",
            "1917",
            "1965",
            "the 1950s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265d965951b619008f70a9_s",
              "question": "When did Iraqi brick houses begin to be built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2712_s",
          "context": "Doug Morris , became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1 , 2011 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rca/jive label group",
            "epic records",
            "warner music group",
            "peter edge",
            "universal music",
            "l.a. reid",
            "rca records",
            "doug morris",
            "sony music",
            "arista",
            "rca music group",
            "j records"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df217bc65bf219000b3f82_s",
              "question": "Who joined the CEO of epic and became the CEO of Sony Music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Doug Morris",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2782_s",
          "context": "The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927 . Mick Cornett serves as Mayor , having first been elected in 2004 , and re-elected in 2006 , 2010 , and 2014 . Eight councilpersons represent each of the eight wards of Oklahoma City . Couch previously served as assistant city manager , Metropolitan Area Projects Plan -LRB- MAPS -RRB- director and utilities director prior to his service as city manager .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jim couch",
            "mick cornett"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df777256340a1900b29bd8_s",
              "question": "Who is the mayor of Oklahoma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mick Cornett",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the mayor of Oklahoma City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18077_s",
          "context": "Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered . The most important one was uncovered in 1990 . It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual . They depict native as well as exotic or mythological animals , and personifications of the Seasons , Ocean , Earth and Wisdom .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the first half of the 6th century",
            "the middle of the 5th century",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318186a5e9cc1400cdbff0_s",
              "question": "When was the most important church of Byzantium rediscovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1990",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the most important Byzantine church re-discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13736_s",
          "context": "Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world , in general , supernatural beings tend to behave much like people . The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion . He cites examples from Greek mythology , which is , in his opinion , more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems .",
          "c_entity": [
            "stewart guthrie",
            "sigmund freud",
            "bertrand du castel",
            "pascal boyer",
            "timothy jurgensen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c0480dfb02c14005c6b5f_s",
              "question": "Who says there are many supernatural things in the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pascal Boyer",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8664_s",
          "context": "Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo . Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche , it opened 21 May 1880 . , with broken walls and floors , lack of medicines , beds , and rooms for the personnel . It has an emergency service , outpatient , clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff , psychologists , psychiatrists , social workers , administrators , guards , among others . ; more than half of the patients arrive by court order ; 42 % suffer from schizophrenia , 18 % from depression and mania , and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1915",
            "30 years",
            "21 may 1880",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d755_s",
              "question": "When did villadobe hospital open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 May 1880",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4179_s",
          "context": "During the 1990s , several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the `` Mozart effect '' : an observed temporary . The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell . : `` researchers . '' Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect . Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day , and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $ 105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music . I 'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences . But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "mozart",
            "alex ross",
            "don campbell",
            "new york times"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7522ea6d7ea1400e171a5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a book about the Mozart effect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Don Campbell",
                  "answer_start": 190
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote a book on the Mozart effect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7608_s",
          "context": ", Prince of Wales , six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse , Burmese . Police later discovered that the shots were blanks . The 17-year-old assailant , was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three . The Queen 's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised . From April to September 1982 , the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son , who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War . On 9 July , the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder , Michael Fagan , in the room with her . Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard , she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later . , she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada , one of her Caribbean realms , without informing her .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrew",
            "michael fagan",
            "marcus sarjeant",
            "charles",
            "ronald reagan",
            "lady diana spencer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fb86780d9841400ab365a_s",
              "question": "Who was the intruder Elizabeth found in her bedroom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Fagan",
                  "answer_start": 578
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4020_s",
          "context": "The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center . -- the Kansas Union and Burge Union at the Lawrence Campus and Jayhawk Central at the Edwards Campus . The KU Memorial Unions Corporation manages the KU Bookstore -LRB- with seven locations -RRB- . The KU Bookstore is the official bookstore of KU . The Corporation also includes KU Dining Services , with more than 20 campus locations , including The Market -LRB- inside the Kansas Union -RRB- and The Underground -LRB- located in Wescoe Hall -RRB- . The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit , with proceeds going back to support student programs , such as Student Union Activities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1926",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79f9600c9c71400d77401_s",
              "question": "When was the first student union established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1926",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was KU's first student union constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14389_s",
          "context": "In 1592 , Toyotomi Hideyoshi , aiming to invade China -LRB- 唐入り -RRB- through Korea , mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea . -LRB- See Hideyoshi 's invasions of Korea , Chōsen-seibatsu -LRB- 朝鮮征伐 ? -RRB- . Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku period , Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea . Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory -LRB- present-day Manchuria -RRB- bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria , but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there , as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force . A few of the more famous samurai generals of this war were Katō Kiyomasa , Konishi Yukinaga , and Shimazu Yoshihiro . Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai and , despite being heavily outnumbered , near the conclusion of the campaigns . Yoshihiro was feared as Oni-Shimazu -LRB- `` Shimazu ogre '' -RRB- and his nickname spread across not only Korea but to Ming Dynasty China . In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces , ultimately the two expeditions failed -LRB- though they did devastate the Korean landmass -RRB- from factors such as Korean naval superiority -LRB- which , led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin , harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars , resulting in supply shortages on land -RRB- , the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea , Korean guerrilla actions , the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders -LRB- in the first campaign of 1592 , Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared , under-trained , and under-armed ; they were rapidly overrun , with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces , Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and , with the support of continued Korean naval superiority , limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea -RRB- , and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on .",
          "c_entity": [
            "late 1598",
            "1597",
            "1592"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ef234b864d19001650c8_s",
              "question": "When did Toyoda send his army to South Korea for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1592",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi first send an army to Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8198_s",
          "context": ", first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites , and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns . From France and England . The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont , who exercised only nominal authority . His successor , the Duke of Orléans , reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773 . Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1773",
            "the 1720s",
            "the next century",
            "the 18th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572642db38643c19005ad3bd_s",
              "question": "When was the central institution of Greater East in France rebuilt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1773",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7993_s",
          "context": "Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th , but this did not prevent white slaveholders , their sons , or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them . In California and the western US , there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents . These were prohibited from official relationships with whites . White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1950s",
            "early 20th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dde31b64a571400c71db7_s",
              "question": "When does the law stop the marriage of whites and Asians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1950s",
                  "answer_start": 490
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9387_s",
          "context": ". , who became the first woman -LRB- elected or otherwise -RRB- to govern Mexico City . , and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections . In 2006 , Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006 -- 2012 period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrés manuel lópez obrador",
            "marcelo ebrard",
            "alejandro encinas",
            "rosario robles",
            "cuauhtémoc cárdenas",
            "legislative assembly"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267d72dd62a815002e86fc_s",
              "question": "Who was elected head of government in 2006?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marcelo Ebrard",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5596_s",
          "context": "It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted . Thomas Bewick 's A History of British Birds -LRB- Volume 1 , 1797 -RRB- mentions a report from `` a very intelligent master of a vessel '' who , `` between the islands of Minorca and Majorca , saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward '' :",
          "c_entity": [
            "majorca",
            "britain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705f31c52bb891400689711_s",
              "question": "Where did the swallow fly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "between the islands of Minorca and Majorca",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were Swallows seen flying?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8200_s",
          "context": "The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church . The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine . A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry . The first was Pope Clement XII 's In eminenti apostolatus , 28 April 1738 ; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII 's Ab apostolici . , and banned books favouring Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1917",
            "28 april 1738",
            "15 october 1890"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572504be0a492a19004356b9_s",
              "question": "When was the first time the Pope banned free architecture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "28 April 1738",
                  "answer_start": 409
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10543_s",
          "context": "The French crown 's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309 . , resulting in the Papal Schism -LRB- 1378 -- 1417 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "europe",
            "france",
            "scotland",
            "avignon",
            "scandinavia",
            "rome",
            "papacy",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273c11dd62a815002e99dd_s",
              "question": "Where is St. Peter? Chair of 1309?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Avignon",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Holy See transferred to in 1309?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1334_s",
          "context": ", 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol ; as such , the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program 's alumni . Ryan Seacrest returns as host , fourth , and fifth seasons as judges .",
          "c_entity": [
            "harry connick jr.",
            "keith urban",
            "ryan seacrest",
            "fox",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d383b159d6e414001465e9_s",
              "question": "Who was the host of American Idol last season?",
              "answers": [
                {
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          "context": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages . In 1873 , the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge , West Farms and Morrisania to New York ; the three towns were abolished in the process . , Queens and Staten Island , the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River , were annexed to the city . City Island , a nautical community .",
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          "context": "CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs.",
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          "context": "In 1566 . By the 17th century , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . On July 9 , 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaining law and order . In 1808 , the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil . King João VI established the `` Intendência Geral de Polícia '' -LRB- General Police Intendancy -RRB- for investigations . In 1831 , after independence , each province started organizing its local `` military police '' , with order maintenance tasks . The Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852 .",
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          "context": "At times a character may `` turn '' , altering their face/heel alignment . This may be an abrupt , surprising event , or it may slowly build up over time . It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character . Some turns become defining points in a wrestler 's career . Others may have no noticeable effect on the character 's status . If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel , this lessens the effect of such turns , and may result in apathy from the audience . Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history .",
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          "context": "Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as \"the saddest thing\" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.",
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          "context": "The approaching era of jet travel , prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 . This legislation gave the CAA 's functions to a new independent body , the Federal Aviation Agency . The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA , and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control . The FAA 's first administrator , Elwood R. Quesada , was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower .",
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          "context": ". On 4 August 2010 , an occasion organised by The Ruleteros Society , a society founded to promote connections between the two clubs . , Uruguay , and Río Cuarto in Argentina , Elk Grove , California in the United States , Ireland .",
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          "context": "Independent city states were unable to compete with Hellenistic kingdoms and were usually forced to ally themselves to one of them for defense , giving honors to Hellenistic rulers in return for protection . One example is Athens . , the Athenians honored him and his father Antigonus by placing gold statues of them on the agora and granting them the title of king . Athens later allied itself to Ptolemaic Egypt to throw off Macedonian rule . In spite of the Ptolemaic monies and fleets backing their endeavors . Athens was then occupied by Macedonian troops , and run by Macedonian officials .",
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          "context": "The term `` Late Middle Ages '' refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages , along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages . Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People -LRB- 1442 -RRB- . Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient .",
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          "context": "European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook 's ships , HMS Resolution and Adventure . The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals . According to various organizations -LRB- the National Science Foundation , NASA , the University of California , San Diego , and other sources -RRB- : von Bellingshausen -LRB- a captain in the Imperial Russian Navy -RRB- , Edward Bransfield -LRB- a captain in the Royal Navy -RRB- , and Nathaniel Palmer -LRB- a sealer out of Stonington , Connecticut -RRB- . The expedition led by von Bellingshausen and Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached a point within 32 km -LRB- 20 mi -RRB- from Queen Maud 's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at 69 ° 21 ′ 28 ″ S 2 ° 14 ′ 50 ″ W / 69.35778 ° S 2.24722 ° W / -69.35778 ; -2.24722 , which became known as the Fimbul ice shelf . The first documented landing on Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis , apparently at Hughes Bay , near Cape Charles , although some historians dispute this claim . The first recorded and confirmed landing was at Cape Adair in 1895 .",
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          "context": ", as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king . Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England ; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as `` the Northerners '' . The northern barons rarely had any personal stake in the conflict in France ; the revolt has been characterised as `` a rebellion of the king 's debtors '' . Tension also grew across North Wales . For some the appointment of Peter des Roches as justiciar was an important factor , as he was considered an `` abrasive foreigner '' by many of the barons . , short and unavoidable '' following the defeat at Bouvines .",
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          "context": "On 9 July 2006 , during Mass at Valencia 's Cathedral , Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica , Pope Benedict XVI used , the Santo Caliz . , after having been brought by St. Peter to Rome from Jerusalem . The Santo Caliz -LRB- Holy Chalice -RRB- is a simple , small stone cup . Its base was added in Medieval Times and consists of fine gold , alabaster and gem stones .",
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          "context": "On August 9 , 2015 , ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations , effective immediately . On September 1 , 2015 -- now the Texas Revolution -- left previously -RRB- .",
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          "context": "With Egypt and Macedonia weakened , the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world . , sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids . The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now a chief military advisor to the Seleucid emperor , and the two were believed to be planning an outright conquest not just of Greece , but of Rome itself . The Seleucids were much stronger than the Macedonians had ever been , because they controlled much of the former Persian Empire .",
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              "question": "Who was appointed military adviser to Emperor Kidd of Seleucia?",
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          "context": "Dante made Virgil his guide in Hell and the greater part of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy . Dante also mentions Virgil in De vulgari eloquentia , along with Ovid , as one of the four regulati poetae -LRB- ii , vi , 7 -RRB- .",
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          "context": "London 's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile . The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable . The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA -LRB- or ack-ack -RRB- in May 1941 , with only 2,631 weapons available . From 1940 to 1941 , the most successful night-fighter was the Boulton Paul Defiant ; its four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type . AA defences improved by better use of radar and searchlights . Over several months , the 20,000 shells spent per raider shot down in September 1940 , was reduced to 4,087 in January 1941 and to 2,963 shells in February 1941 .",
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          "context": ", contagiously throbbing music , luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages , King and Queen elections , electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades : the Children 's Parades and finally the Grand Parade . Aruba 's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive `` jump-ups '' -LRB- street parades -RRB- , spectacular parades and creative contests . Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role , from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade . , with brass band , steel drum and roadmarch tunes . On the evening before Lent , Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo .",
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          "context": "In the early 1950s , Universal set up its own distribution company in France , and in the late 1960s , the company also started a production company in Paris , although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company . Except for the two first films it produced , it was only involved in French or other European co-productions , and Fred Zinnemann 's The Day of the Jackal . It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions . In the early 1970s .",
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          "context": ". David Cook was announced the winner on May 21 , 2008 , the first rocker to win the show .",
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          "context": ", and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic . : over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to death , with the remainder of the Jewish population being expelled from the city . , Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm . The time to leave the city was signalled by a municipal herald blowing the Grüselhorn -LRB- see below , Museums , Musée historique -RRB- ; . A special tax , the Pflastergeld -LRB- pavement money -RRB- , was furthermore to be paid for any horse that a Jew would ride or bring into the city while allowed to .",
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              "question": "When were Jews banned from entering the city after that?",
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          "context": "The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain 's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain 's decline on the world stage , demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence , if not the full support , of the United States . , leading one MP to describe it as `` Britain 's Waterloo '' and another to suggest that the country had become an `` American satellite '' . Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as `` Suez syndrome '' , from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982 .",
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          "context": ", after the Berlin conference had ended , European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa . The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-colonial wars ever . The Dervish State successfully repulsed the British empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region . As a result of its successes against the British , the Dervish State received support from the Ottoman and German empires . The Turks also named Hassan Emir of the Somali nation , and the Germans promised to officially recognize any territories the Dervishes were to acquire . , when Britain for the first time in Africa used airplanes to bomb the Dervish capital of Taleex . As a result of this bombardment , former Dervish territories were turned into a protectorate of Britain . This occupation lasted till 1941 and was replaced by a British military administration .",
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              "question": "When did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?",
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          "context": "The book was never published . Instead the Normans whirled off to New York . , 1896 , in Scribner 's Magazine . The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbarians for their own good to something considerably less . The difference was the Hamidian Massacres . According to Norman now . '' Furthermore . The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states . Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe , he states `` but her hope was vain . '' . '' . '' Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article .",
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            {
              "id": "56f8effd9e9bad19000a073b_s",
              "question": "Where did the Normans go without publishing this book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book?"
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          "context": "The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005 . ; however , the new -- 08 writers strike . , Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When did Spielberg enter the science fiction Hall of fame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8414_s",
          "context": "Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic , perfected , calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion -LRB- pathos -RRB- and character -LRB- ethos -RRB- . The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art -LRB- aletheia -RRB- is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis , who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them . The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who painted the grapes so vividly that the birds came to attack them?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeuxis",
                  "answer_start": 350
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1576_s",
          "context": "When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed . This `` run '' on the thrift followed the public release of a letter from Senator Charles Schumer to the FDIC and OTS . , the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the senator and who issued a letter to FDIC and OTS, triggering a \"run\" on indymak?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Schumer",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
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              "original_question": "Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a \"run\" on IndyMac?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5479_s",
          "context": "The third John Walter , the founder 's grandson , succeeded his father in 1847 . The paper continued as more or less independent , notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post .",
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            {
              "id": "5705f1f752bb8914006896fa_s",
              "question": "When did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of the times?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1847",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of The Times?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4586_s",
          "context": "Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues . The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate ; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime , while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty . , the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome . A strong teleology , or drive towards a climax , has been detected in the poem . The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome , his ancestors , and famous Romans , and the Carthaginian Wars . A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas . As the protagonist of the poem , Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome ; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas ' emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the `` pious '' and `` righteous '' Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the hero of Enid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aeneas",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who is the protagonist of the Aeneid?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18677_s",
          "context": "Renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors , book collectors , educators , and writers , who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti -- `` humanists '' . It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries , and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education , which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic . Scholasticism focused on preparing men to be doctors , lawyers or professional theologians , and was taught from approved textbooks in logic , natural philosophy , medicine , law and theology . , Naples , Ferrara .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the concentration of humanistic spirit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Naples",
                  "answer_start": 675
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was one main concentration of Humanism?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11530_s",
          "context": ". Upon signing the pact . For its part , though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as `` inevitable '' . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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            {
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              "question": "Who thinks the war with the Soviet Union is safe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hitler",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2216_s",
          "context": "The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom.",
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            {
              "id": "56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69d_s",
              "question": "When will the Crusades attack Constantinople?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1204",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6870_s",
          "context": ", parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole . Douglas Mawson , who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return , went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931 . In addition : they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf , the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains -LRB- via the Beardmore Glacier -RRB- , and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau . , using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier . , the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole .",
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              "id": "570d9c48df2f5219002ed02f_s",
              "question": "When did Mason retire after several expeditions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 263
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-701_s",
          "context": "Manhattan Island is linked to New York City 's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well . , which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan , is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world . The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan 's piers . The Holland Tunnel , connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City , New Jersey , was the world 's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927 . The Queens-Midtown Tunnel , built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn , was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940 . President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it .",
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            {
              "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2ce_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to cross the Queens Central tunnel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 812
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to drive through The Queens-Midtown Tunnel?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8222_s",
          "context": "The first Grand Lodge , the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster -LRB- later called the Grand Lodge of England -LRB- GLE -RRB- -RRB- , was founded on 24 June 1717 , when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner . Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body , which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion . However , many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual -LRB- they came to be known as the Moderns -RRB- , which they called the `` Antient Grand Lodge of England . '' These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual .",
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              "question": "When was the great British hotel built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "24 June 1717",
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              "original_question": "When was the Grand Lodge of England founded?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1736_s",
          "context": "Pascal Lissouba , who became Congo 's first elected president -LRB- 1992 -- 1997 -RRB- during the period of multi-party democracy .",
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              "question": "Who was elected president of Congo in the 1990s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pascal Lissouba",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3450_s",
          "context": "Following the French capture of Algeria -LRB- 1833 -RRB- , that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers . People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran , whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca . Their speech was known as patuet . , the number of Catalan speakers was around 100,000 . , almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia -LRB- as Pieds-Noirs -RRB- or Alacant .",
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              "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfa_s",
              "question": "When did the French get Algeria?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1833",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French obtain Algeria?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1752_s",
          "context": "Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations , notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund . , he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions . However , economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998 , which worsened the republic 's budget deficit .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd117966d3e219004dabc4_s",
              "question": "When did the military conflict in Congo resume?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 1998",
                  "answer_start": 412
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did military conflict resume in the Congo?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6451_s",
          "context": ". The hijacking epidemic of the 1960s had already brought the agency into the field of civil aviation security . In response to the hijackings on September 11 , 2001 , this responsibility is now primarily taken by the Department of Homeland Security . Legislation in 1970 gave the agency management of a new airport aid program and certain added responsibilities for airport safety . During the 1960s and 1970s .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa92f6d058f1900183031_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of air safety now?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Department of Homeland Security",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who now takes responsibility for aviation security?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15417_s",
          "context": ", the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain , continuing through 1981 . , measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented . , the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import , export and distribution functions , with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses ; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1000",
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            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbffa_s",
              "question": "When will the redistribution of land in jefara end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the Jefara plain land redistribution end?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15437_s",
          "context": ". ; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days , with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them . In response to international calls . On 25 October ; Al Aan TV showed amateur video footage of the funeral . Seeking vengeance for the killing , Omran Shaaban , near Bani Walid in September 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc047_s",
              "question": "Who was killed by Gaddafi supporters for participating in the arrest of Gaddafi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Omran Shaaban",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was killed by Gaddafi supporters for his role in Gaddafi's capture?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-221_s",
          "context": ", in France , where he composed most of his works , and beyond , Chopin 's music , his status as one of music 's earliest superstars , his association -LRB- if only indirect -RRB- with political insurrection , his love life and his early death have made him , in the public consciousness , a leading symbol of the Romantic era . His works remain popular , and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy .",
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              "id": "56ce1138aab44d1400b88428_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin create most of his works?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "France",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11129_s",
          "context": "An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families. It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270821708984140094d8d4_s",
              "question": "When was the initiative first launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?"
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15667_s",
          "context": "High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks . The meter gauge Rhaetian Railway -LRB- RhB -RRB- and the neighbouring Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn -LRB- MGB -RRB- operate on 11 kV at 16.7 Hz frequency . Practice has proven that both Swiss and German 15 kV trains can operate under these lower voltages . The RhB started trials of the 11 kV system in 1913 on the Engadin line -LRB- St. Moritz-Scuol/Tarasp -RRB- . , adopting the already proven RhB system .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f4cdaa23a5019007fc502_s",
              "question": "When was the first track of the RHB system tested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first trail of RhB system tested?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1170_s",
          "context": "In Eastern Buddhism , where , for example , the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged -LRB- see vegetarianism in Buddhism -RRB- . In Japan , this has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya , and allows clergy to marry .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56d23eaeb329da140004ec57_s",
              "question": "Where was the monk Vinaya expelled, and where could the clergy get married?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Japan",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6172_s",
          "context": "For 1890 , the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire . Residents were still listed individually , but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family . Additionally , such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration . This census also marked the beginning of the term `` race '' in the questionnaires . Enumerators were instructed to write `` White , '' `` Black , '' `` Mulatto , '' `` Quadroon , '' `` Octoroon , '' `` Chinese , '' `` Japanese , '' or `` Indian . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5709add7ed30961900e843f6_s",
              "question": "When was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1890",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17108_s",
          "context": "Dante Alighieri 's Divine Comedy , derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology . Some of their works featured Moorish characters , Titus Andronicus and Othello , which featured a Moorish Othello as its title character . These works are said to have been inspired by several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the Divine Song?",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the Divine Comedy?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1201_s",
          "context": "The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were being caused by doctrinal disagreements too.",
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              "question": "Who founded shangzabu school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sthaviras",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave rise to the Theravada school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5211_s",
          "context": "The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia 's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia . This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone , sundried bricks , and the widespread use of limestone in Somali architecture . Many of the new architectural designs , such as mosques , were built on the ruins of older structures .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following centuries",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3_s",
              "question": "When did Muslim faith come into Somalia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early medieval",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-213_s",
          "context": ", penicillin G , in 1942 , but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945 . Later , Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk . Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans . Furthermore , its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus , unlike the synthetic sulfonamides . The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented , and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety . For their successful development of penicillin , as a therapeutic drug .",
          "c_entity": [
            "howard florey",
            "ernst chain",
            "dorothy crowfoot hodgkin",
            "dubos",
            "fleming",
            "norman heatley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d5f24776f41900661316_s",
              "question": "Who has found a way to make penicillin fast?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Norman Heatley",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4556_s",
          "context": ". This placed much of the monarch 's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies , further strengthening the nobility class . In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania , the Lithuanian Tribunal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lithuanian tribunal",
            "royal court",
            "stefan batory"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ed3_s",
              "question": "Who finally joined the crone club?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lithuanian Tribunal",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-261_s",
          "context": "In April , he left for London , where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses . This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister . Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding .",
          "c_entity": [
            "london",
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3711659d6e414001463ce_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin go in the spring of 1848?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "London",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin go in the spring of 1848?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10177_s",
          "context": "; previously an illegal organisation . The 2012 by-elections were also the first time that international representatives were allowed to monitor the voting process in Myanmar . Following announcement of the by-elections , the Freedom House organisation raised concerns about `` reports of fraud and harassment in the lead up to elections , a regional network of civil society organisations promoting democratization . '' However , uncertainties exist as some other political prisoners have not been released and clashes between Burmese troops and local insurgent groups continue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asian network",
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            "freedom house",
            "somsri hananuntasuk"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ecdd5951b619008f827f_s",
              "question": "Who is concerned about fraud in the 2012 election in Myanmar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Freedom House organisation raised concerns",
                  "answer_start": 222
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who raised concerns of fraud in the elections held in the Burma 2012 elections ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11484_s",
          "context": "Von Neumann founded the field of game theory as a mathematical discipline. Von Neumann proved his minimax theorem in 1928. This theorem establishes that in zero-sum games with perfect information (i.e. in which players know at each time all moves that have taken place so far), there exists a pair of strategies for both players that allows each to minimize his maximum losses, hence the name minimax. When examining every possible strategy, a player must consider all the possible responses of his adversary. The player then plays out the strategy that will result in the minimization of his maximum loss.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572831002ca10214002da042_s",
              "question": "When was game theory founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was game theory established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7301_s",
          "context": "The War of 1812 , the second and last American war against the United Kingdom , though it ended on a high note for Americans as well . After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813 , the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada , burn York and defeat Tecumseh , which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse . Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada , by God ! '' , British troops were able to capture and burn Washington . The regular army , however , proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore , prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum . Two weeks after a treaty was signed -LRB- but not ratified -RRB- . Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tecumseh",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3412b3d812140066d53d_s",
              "question": "Who defeated the United States and overthrew the Federation of India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tecumseh",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9353_s",
          "context": "The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily. The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings. This is the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space. This is also the only technique available under the standard when multi-zone metering (also called pattern metering) is used.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572663cd5951b619008f714a_s",
              "question": "When was the recommended exposure index introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Recommended Exposure Index introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16636_s",
          "context": "Another popular event held in February , which is early spring in Tucson , is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros , or rodeo week , founded by winter visitor , Leighton Kramer . While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event , it includes what is billed as `` the world 's largest non-mechanized parade '' . The Rodeo Parade is a popular event as most schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents Day . , which does n't get either . Western wear is seen throughout the city as corporate dress codes are cast aside during the Fiesta . The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "presidio high",
            "leighton kramer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57343812d058e614000b6b3b_s",
              "question": "Who founded the waclos carnival?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leighton Kramer",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4611_s",
          "context": "Crossing the Italian-Austrian border , the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century . The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m -LRB- 3,232 ft -RRB- , the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria ; since the 12th century when a hospice was built there it has seen continuous use . A railroad with a tunnel 1 mile -LRB- 1.6 km -RRB- long was built along the route of the pass in the mid-19th century . With a summit of 2,469 m -LRB- 8,100 ft -RRB- , the Great St. Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps . The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40,000 troops in 1800 . The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino ; in the late 19th century the 14 km -LRB- 9 mi -RRB- long Saint Gotthard Tunnel was built connecting Lucerne in Switzerland , with Milan in Italy . The Mont Cenis pass has been a major commercial road between Western Europe and Italy . Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fréjus Road and Rail tunnel . At 2,756 m -LRB- 9,042 ft -RRB- , the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy is one of the highest of the Alpine passes ; the road was built in the 1820s . The highest pass in the alps is the col de l'Iseran in Savoy -LRB- France -RRB- at 2,770 m -LRB- 9,088 ft -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon bonaparte",
            "mont blanc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f87b15aef23719006260eb_s",
              "question": "Who crossed the St. Bernard pass with an army of 40000?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon Bonaparte",
                  "answer_start": 617
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13030_s",
          "context": "Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the `` rule of law , '' and if so , which one . For example , John Harrison asserts that the word `` law '' in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding , rather than being `` defined by formal or substantive criteria , '' and therefore judges do not have discretion to decide that laws fail to satisfy such unwritten and vague criteria . Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees , and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas aquinas",
            "john harrison",
            "frederick mark gedicks",
            "augustine",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d1372ca10214002d9746_s",
              "question": "Who is against John Harrison?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who disagrees with the ideas proposed by John Harrison?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14158_s",
          "context": "By the end of the Western Roman Empire , the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French . Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD . According to tradition , it was brought by Saint Denis , the first Bishop of Paris . When he refused to renounce his faith , eventually `` Montmartre '' . His burial place became an important religious shrine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saint denis",
            "french kings",
            "mons martyrum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b6a6ff5b5019007da536_s",
              "question": "Who brought Christianity to Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saint Denis",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who brought Christianity to Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7900_s",
          "context": "Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today . Up until then , various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use . , Tobit , the Didache , and the Shepherd of Hermas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barnabas",
            "jeremiah",
            "baruch",
            "athanasius",
            "wisdom of solomon",
            "sirach",
            "esther",
            "judith"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae6b632177014007e9fbc_s",
              "question": "Who unified the New Testament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Athanasius",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who standardized the books of the New Testament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9239_s",
          "context": "The Company 's headquarters in London . , Bishopsgate , from 1621 to 1638 , the Company moved into Craven House . The building had become known as East India House by 1661 . It was completely rebuilt and enlarged in 1726 -- 9 ; and further significantly remodelled and expanded in 1796 -- 1800 . It was finally vacated in 1860 and demolished in 1861 -- 62 . The site is now occupied by the Lloyd 's building .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267f375951b619008f74b3_s",
              "question": "Where is EIC headquarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "London",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the EIC  headquarters located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11575_s",
          "context": "Capacitors, especially ceramic capacitors, and older designs such as paper capacitors, can absorb sound waves resulting in a microphonic effect. Vibration moves the plates, causing the capacitance to vary, in turn inducing AC current. Some dielectrics also generate piezoelectricity. The resulting interference is especially problematic in audio applications, potentially causing feedback or unintended recording. In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker. This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any.",
          "c_entity": [
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270a05708984140094d8e5_s",
              "question": "When the capacity of the capacitor changes, what kind of electricity will be generated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "AC current",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What sort of current is induced when the capacitance of a capacitor is altered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14992_s",
          "context": "In his 2004 presidential campaign . He and his running mate , North Carolina Senator John Edwards , lost the election . In January 2013 , assuming the office on February 1 , 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "u.s. senate",
            "dick cheney",
            "barack obama",
            "john edwards",
            "hillary clinton",
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            "senate committee",
            "kerry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a98e6111d821400f38c1f_s",
              "question": "Who is Kerry's candidate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Edwards",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Kerry's running mate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9318_s",
          "context": "Intergender singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s . Later , Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship . While it is a rare feat in WWE . Also .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chyna",
            "tna",
            "luna vachon",
            "odb",
            "eric young",
            "ecw",
            "brooke hogan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267254f1498d1400e8dff7_s",
              "question": "Who was the first woman to have a non female belt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chyna",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first woman to hold a belt that wasn't exclusive to women?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3987_s",
          "context": ". , the highest location in Lawrence . Founded March 21 , 1865 , the university was opened in 1866 , under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of kansas",
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            "wichita",
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            "mount oread",
            "territory",
            "lawrence",
            "u.s."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e780ac00c9c71400d771c8_s",
              "question": "Where is the headquarters of the University of Kansas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lawrence",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the main branch of the University of Kansas located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12199_s",
          "context": ", thousands of Belorussians , denouncing local leaders , marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine . Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities . Later , they gathered in the city center near the government 's headquarters , where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov , the republic 's Communist Party leader , and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 30, 1989",
            "1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572827feff5b5019007d9e3c_s",
              "question": "When did the Chernobyl disaster happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1986",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Chernobyl disaster happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16656_s",
          "context": ", the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires . , Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire , while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule . During World War I , Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide . , after the Russian Revolution , all non-Russian countries declared their independence from the Russian empire , leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia . , the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic . , the Transcaucasian state was dissolved , transforming its constituent states , including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic , into full Union republics . The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "the 16th century",
            "1936",
            "the centuries",
            "1922",
            "1991",
            "1918",
            "1920"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f7d20947a6a140053c9b8_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia gain independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 939
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia gain its independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15299_s",
          "context": ", Pennsylvania -RRB- . Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful , and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne . British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out . Led by George Washington , they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten . The French retaliated by attacking Washington 's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender .",
          "c_entity": [
            "monongahela rivers",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ea780dfa6aa1500f8d25e_s",
              "question": "Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Dukes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Led by George Washington",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11918_s",
          "context": ", High German was reinstated as the language of education . The population was forced to speak German and ` French ' family names were Germanized . Following the Second World War , the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree , which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground . The teaching of German became a major issue , however . Following World War II , the French government pursued , in line with its traditional language policy , a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1927",
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            "1940",
            "1946"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a7132ca10214002d92f0_s",
              "question": "When did Germany stop schooling?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1927",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the suspension of German teaching in  schools happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6021_s",
          "context": ". Tribes such as the Koilis , Dhaugris , Khasas . During the Vedic period , several small republics known as `` Janapada '' existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire . , the region was once again divided into several local powers headed by chieftains , including some Rajput principalities . These kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times . Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mughals",
            "timur",
            "kinnars",
            "mahmud ghaznavi",
            "himachal pradesh",
            "dasa",
            "kirats",
            "dagis",
            "sikander lodi",
            "halis",
            "harshavardhana"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096178ed30961900e8402e_s",
              "question": "Who took the kangaroo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mahmud Ghaznavi",
                  "answer_start": 415
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who conquered Kangara?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14006_s",
          "context": "In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras -LRB- Estudiantinas -RRB- were active in Belgium . Today only a few groups remain : Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine -LRB- founded in 1904 -RRB- in Antwerp . Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belgium . She is also mandolin teacher and gives lessons in the music academies of Lier , Wijnegem and Brasschaat . She is now also professor mandolin at the music high school `` Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen '' . She also gives various concerts each year in different ensembles . She is in close contact to the Brasschaat mandolin Orchestra . Her site is www.gevoeligesnaar.be",
          "c_entity": [
            "bergen",
            "brasschaat",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728abdeff5b5019007da427_s",
              "question": "Where is Gerda ABZ famous?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Belgium",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Gerda Abts well know in? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16680_s",
          "context": "Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan . , which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia . This move effectively crippled Armenia 's economy as 85 % of its cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic . In 1993 , Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbae9a23a5019007fc8ed_s",
              "question": "When did Turkey decide to join the blockade against Armenia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 434
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Turkey decide to become part of the blockade against Armenia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7333_s",
          "context": "The first action of the Franco-Prussian War took place on 4 August 1870 . This battle saw the unsupported division of General Douay of I Corps , with some attached cavalry , which was posted to watch the border , attacked in overwhelming but uncoordinated fashion by the German 3rd Army . , elements of a Bavarian and two Prussian corps became engaged and were aided by Prussian artillery , which blasted holes in the defenses of the town . Douay held a very strong position initially , thanks to the accurate long-range fire of the Chassepots but his force was too thinly stretched to hold it . ; the encirclement of the town by the Prussians threatened the French avenue of retreat .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d367efed7b91900d45d1f_s",
              "question": "When was the date of the first operation in the Franco Prussian War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "4 August 1870",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the date of the first action of the Franco-Prussian War?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3752_s",
          "context": "Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1864"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78fe637bdd419002c4144_s",
              "question": "When did the Qing army win back to Nanjing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1864",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9991_s",
          "context": "In 1992 , Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito , a baseball player on an all-women 's team . She recorded the film 's theme song , `` This Used to Be My Playground '' , which became a Hot 100 number one hit . , she founded her own entertainment company , Maverick , consisting of a record company -LRB- Maverick Records -RRB- , a film production company -LRB- Maverick Films -RRB- , and associated music publishing , television broadcasting , book publishing and merchandising divisions . The deal was a joint venture with Time Warner and paid Madonna an advance of $ 60 million . It gave her 20 % royalties from the music proceedings , one of the highest rates in the industry . The first release from the venture was Madonna 's book , titled Sex . It consisted of sexually provocative and explicit images , photographed by Steven Meisel . The book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public . At the same time she released her fifth studio album , Erotica , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . Its title track peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . Erotica also produced five singles : `` Deeper and Deeper '' , `` Bad Girl '' , `` Fever '' , `` Rain '' and `` Bye Bye Baby '' . Madonna had provocative imagery featured in the erotic thriller , Body of Evidence , a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage . It was poorly received by critics . She also starred in the film Dangerous Game , which was released straight to video in North America . The New York Times described the film as `` angry and painful , and the pain feels real . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "a year earlier",
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            "the same year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726af855951b619008f7a5b_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna start her own entertainment company, maverick?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna open her own entertainment company, Maverick?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14275_s",
          "context": ", invoked during plague years . Here we have an apotropaic situation , where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it . Aplu , meaning the son of , who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash . Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god -LRB- δεινὸς θεός -RRB- who brings death and disease with his arrows , but who can also heal , possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods . In Iliad , his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus , the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats . All these functions , including the function of the healer-god Paean , who seems to have Mycenean origin , are fused in the cult of Apollo .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d68e3acd2414000dffec_s",
              "question": "Who is rat God?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Apollo Smintheus",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the mouse God?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7275_s",
          "context": ", and in 1858 the architects Sebastián Monleón Estellés , Antonino Sancho . Neither proposed project received final approval , but they did serve as a guide , though not closely followed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1860",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d710ffed7b91900d46109_s",
              "question": "When was the urban expansion plan made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1858",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were plans for city expansion drawn?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9381_s",
          "context": "Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier , Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country 's population and history , even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically . The choice was official on November 18 , 1824 . This area was then separated from the State of Mexico , forcing that state 's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition -LRB- now Museum of Mexican Medicine -RRB- in the city to Texcoco . , all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572678f75951b619008f73c3_s",
              "question": "Where did the government of Mexico City move when it was declared the capital of Mexico?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Texcoco",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the government of Mexico City moved to at the time it was declared capital of Mexico?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-254_s",
          "context": ". Other film treatments have included : La valse de l'adieu -LRB- France , with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin ; Impromptu -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; La note bleue -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; and Chopin : Desire for Love -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george sand",
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            "henry roussel",
            "hugh grant",
            "pierre blanchar",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e27_s",
              "question": "Who played Chopin in the 1920s movie \"the value of goodbye\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Blanchar",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8990_s",
          "context": "Although Kim 's early successes had led him to predict that he would end the war by the end of August , Chinese leaders were more pessimistic . , and deployed 260,000 soldiers along the Korean border , under the command of Gao Gang . Zhou commanded Chai Chengwen to conduct a topographical survey of Korea , and directed Lei Yingfu , Zhou 's military advisor in Korea , to analyze the military situation in Korea . Lei concluded that MacArthur would most likely attempt a landing at Incheon . After conferring with Mao that this would be MacArthur 's most likely strategy , Zhou briefed Soviet and North Korean advisers of Lei 's findings .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b8a5f1498d1400e8e8df_s",
              "question": "Where does North Korea predict MacArthur will come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Incheon",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15435_s",
          "context": "-- such as Bani Walid -- remained Gaddafist strongholds . Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli 's fall , Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government , a suggestion rejected by the NTC . Surrounding himself with bodyguards , he continually moved residences to escape NTC shelling , devoting his days to prayer and reading the Qur ` an . On 20 October , Gaddafi broke out of Sirte 's District 2 in a joint civilian-military convoy . At around 8.30 am , NATO bombers attacked , destroying at least 14 vehicles and killing at least 53 . The convoy scattered , and Gaddafi and those closest to him fled to a nearby villa . Fleeing to a construction site , Gaddafi and his inner cohort hid inside drainage pipes while his bodyguards battled the rebels ; in the conflict , Gaddafi suffered head injuries from a grenade blast while defence minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr was killed .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57318bd9497a881900248ffc_s",
              "question": "Where was Gaddafi after Tripoli was captured?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sirte",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After Tripoli was conquered, where did Gaddafi go?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-260_s",
          "context": "Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov. Sergei Diaghilev commissioned additional orchestrations—from Stravinsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Sergei Taneyev and Nikolai Tcherepnin—for later productions, which used the title Les Sylphides.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5433aab44d1400b88ff2_s",
              "question": "When was Chopin released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Chopiniana released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8215_s",
          "context": "The ritual form on which the Grand Orient of France was based was abolished in England in the events leading to the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813 . , recognised by the Grand Orient de France , but regarded by the older body as an invasion of their jurisdiction . The new Scottish rite body admitted blacks , race , nor religion could disqualify a man from Masonry prompted the Grand Lodge to withdraw recognition , and it persuaded other American Grand Lodges to do the same .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265b4e708984140094c377_s",
              "question": "When was the United Hotel established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1813",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the United Grand Lodge of England Formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8422_s",
          "context": "After returning from Egypt , Napoleon engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic . , Napoleon restored the religious privileges of the Catholic Church while keeping the lands seized by the Revolution . The state continued to nominate the bishops and to control church finances . , launching the French Empire . Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph at the Battle of Austerlitz , which led to the elimination of the Holy Roman Empire . , however , a Franco-Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar , allowing Britain to impose a naval blockade of the French coasts . In retaliation . Napoleon knocked out Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt , which forced the Russians to accept the Treaties of Tilsit .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b4fe271a42140099d05d_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon launch a coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1799",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon engineer a coup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18738_s",
          "context": "They can also be armed with non-lethal -LRB- more accurately known as `` less than lethal '' or `` less-lethal '' -RRB- weaponry , particularly for riot control . Non-lethal weapons include batons , tear gas , riot control agents , rubber bullets , riot shields , water cannons and electroshock weapons . Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects . The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life , although some jurisdictions -LRB- such as Brazil -RRB- allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts . , which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians . With the country having one of the highest rates of violent crime .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south africa",
            "brazil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732bcead6dcfa19001e8a9c_s",
              "question": "Where can the police go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brazil",
                  "answer_start": 523
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where can police shoot fleeing convicts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10110_s",
          "context": "London has been the setting for many works of literature . The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and -LRB- since the early 20th century -RRB- Bloomsbury . Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys , noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire , whose representation of a foggy , snowy , grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people 's vision of early Victorian London , and Virginia Woolf , regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "samuel pepys",
            "charles dickens"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c6dbff5b5019007da67e_s",
              "question": "Who saw the fire in 1666?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel Pepys",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who witnessed first-hand and wrote about the Great Fire of 1666?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6250_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points . The system is used in the US for elite level competition . Unlike the old code of points , there are two separate scores , an execution score and a difficulty score . In the previous system , the `` execution score '' was the only score . It was and still is out of 10.00 . During the gymnast 's performance , the judges deduct this score only . , on or off the event , is a 1.00 deduction , in elite level gymnastics . The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change . The gymnast 's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills , or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another . Connection bonuses are the most common deduction from a difficulty score , as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements . It is very hard to connect skills if the first skill is not performed correctly . The new code of points allows the gymnasts to gain higher scores based on the difficulty of the skills they perform as well as their execution . There is no maximum score for difficulty , as it can keep increasing as the difficulty of the skills increase .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cec4dfed7b91900d45ae9_s",
              "question": "When did the International Federation of sports decide not to limit scores to 10?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did FIG decide that scores are no longer limited to 10 points?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7143_s",
          "context": "World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield , but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue , presenting both a threat and an opportunity . As the capabilities of aircraft and their engines improved it was clear that their role in future war would be even more critical as their range and weapon load grew . However , in the years immediately after World War I the prospect of another major war seemed remote , particularly in Europe where the most militarily capable nations were , and little financing was available .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570d3e82fed7b91900d45d87_s",
              "question": "Where is the country with the most powerful military power after the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5590_s",
          "context": "Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e90375f01819005e774a_s",
              "question": "Where is Johannes Lecce from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Finland",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Johannes Leche from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17523_s",
          "context": "For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the \"blackbirding\" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour shortage in Peru. While some islanders were voluntary recruits the \"blackbirders\" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point. The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730c03d069b5314008322fe_s",
              "question": "Who was the first missionary in Tuvalu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rev. A. W. Murray",
                  "answer_start": 559
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-249_s",
          "context": "From 1842 onwards , Chopin showed signs of serious illness . After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842 : `` I have to lie in bed all day long , my mouth and tonsils are aching so much . '' . Late in 1844 , Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him `` hardly able to move , bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain '' , although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor . Chopin 's health continued to deteriorate , particularly from this time onwards . Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses , he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3536159d6e414001462c5_s",
              "question": "Who visited Chopin in 1844 and wrote the story that he couldn't move?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Hallé",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who visited Chopin in 1844 and wrote about his inability to move?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6503_s",
          "context": "One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T 's videophone -LRB- trademarked as the `` Picturephone '' -RRB- was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World 's Fair -- two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city . Various universities and other organizations , including British Telecom 's Martlesham facility , have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony . , coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN -LRB- data -RRB- phone lines .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570af9ad6b8089140040f65a_s",
              "question": "When did at & T launch bildephone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was AT&T's \"Picturephone\" device introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-270_s",
          "context": ". The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery , was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski . , Franchomme . At the graveside .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mozart",
            "delacroix",
            "jeanne-anais castellan",
            "louis lefébure-wély",
            "camille pleyel",
            "ludwika",
            "reber",
            "adam czartoryski",
            "luigi lablache",
            "alexis dupont",
            "chopin",
            "pauline viardot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d38c2b59d6e41400146706_s",
              "question": "Who presided over the funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Adam Czartoryski",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the funeral procession?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7663_s",
          "context": "One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows:",
          "c_entity": [
            "karl heinrich ulrichs"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57101dc2b654c5140001f809_s",
              "question": "Who created the first sex classification system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karl Heinrich Ulrichs",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9709_s",
          "context": ", rumours began to spread that Mercury was suffering from AIDS . Mercury flatly denied this , insisting he was merely `` exhausted '' and too busy to provide interviews . The band decided to continue making albums . Despite his deteriorating health , the lead singer continued to contribute . For the last two albums made while Mercury was still alive , the band credited all songs to Queen , rather than specific members of the group , freeing them of internal conflict and differences . In 1990 , Queen ended their contract with Capitol and signed with Disney 's Hollywood Records , which has since remained the group 's music catalogue owner in the United States and Canada . , Mercury made his final public appearance when he joined the rest of Queen to collect the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "1988",
            "1991",
            "1990",
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b11bf1498d1400e8e79c_s",
              "question": "When was Freddie Mercury in queens?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 492
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Freddie Mercury's final public appearance with Queen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18717_s",
          "context": "This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie , who had 44 commissaires de police -LRB- police commissioners -RRB- under his authority . , these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police -LRB- police inspectors -RRB- . The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires , each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy . The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699 , resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1699",
            "1709"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57329c9cd6dcfa19001e8a29_s",
              "question": "When will the Paris police system expand to the rest of France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1699",
                  "answer_start": 492
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18605_s",
          "context": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages . , the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge , West Farms and Morrisania to New York ; the three towns were abolished in the process . In 1895 , Queens and Staten Island , the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River , were annexed to the city . City Island , a nautical community .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "1894",
            "three years",
            "1874",
            "1895",
            "1896"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573251c0b9d445190005ea3d_s",
              "question": "When did New York City connect part of Eastchester?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15259_s",
          "context": "Until recently , in most critical writing the post-punk era was `` often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk 's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties '' . Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary , asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own . , the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it , and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era '' . Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period `` was avant-garde , open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves , united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral , concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience , or making them think , as in making a pop song '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "simon reynolds",
            "nicholas lezard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ee666dfa6aa1500f8d4a6_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about the avant-garde music of the post punk era?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas Lezard",
                  "answer_start": 491
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that the music of the post-punk era was avant-garde?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12064_s",
          "context": ". , with almost 2.0 million square feet . , and Tanger Outlets in Charlotte , Nags Head , Blowing Rock , and Mebane .",
          "c_entity": [
            "triangle town center",
            "southpoint",
            "independence mall",
            "greensboro",
            "carolinas",
            "southpark mall",
            "wilmington",
            "north hills mall",
            "durham",
            "crabtree valley",
            "friendly center",
            "raleigh",
            "place mall",
            "hanes mall",
            "pineville",
            "oak hollow mall",
            "hickory",
            "concord mills",
            "charlotte",
            "northlake",
            "north carolina",
            "northgate mall",
            "four seasons town centre",
            "winston-salem"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b3883acd2414000dea1f_s",
              "question": "Where is the South Park Shopping Center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charlotte",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is SouthPark Mall located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15518_s",
          "context": "Based on the strength of his work . Another TV film -LRB- Something Evil -RRB- was made and released to capitalize on the popularity of The Exorcist , then a major best-selling book which had not yet been released as a film . , starring Martin Landau . , about a married couple who are chased by police as the couple tries to regain custody of their baby . , and The Hollywood Reporter stated that `` a major new director is on the horizon . '' : 223 However , the film fared poorly at the box office and received a limited release .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dennis weaver",
            "sugarland express",
            "dilys powell",
            "savage",
            "richard matheson",
            "spielberg",
            "plymouth valiant",
            "martin landau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e9600c246551400ce4398_s",
              "question": "Who plays the barbarian on TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Landau",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in the TV show \"Savage\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11992_s",
          "context": "In 1998 , UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children -- many from surrounding countries . -- the main ingredient in chocolate -- in West Africa . Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa . In 2001 , cotton and coffee farms in the Ivory Coast . -LSB- not in citation given -RSB- -LSB- better source needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "chocolate manufacturers association",
            "unicef",
            "bbc",
            "us state department"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279c323acd2414000de7c5_s",
              "question": "Who reported child labor to farmers in Ivory Coast?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "UNICEF",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported Ivory Coast farmers usage of child labour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-371_s",
          "context": "When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet -- 1722 -RRB- responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet , occupying Lhasa in 1720 . By 1751 -- 1796 -RRB- , a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison was established in Tibet . As of 1751 . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert kolb",
            "kangxi emperor",
            "dzungar mongols",
            "qianlong emperor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce5125aab44d1400b886ac_s",
              "question": "Who wants to extend their territory to Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Dzungar Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who tried to spread their territory into Tibet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6453_s",
          "context": ", the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology . This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth , however . A nationwide strike by the air traffic controllers union in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system . , the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities , but progress proved disappointing . , the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach that has provided controllers with advanced equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-1970s",
            "the following year",
            "1981",
            "1978",
            "1994"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa95a6d058f190018303c_s",
              "question": "When did the air traffic control union strike take place nationwide?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the nationwide strike by air traffic controlers union happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4667_s",
          "context": ". His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life . At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg , to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1923",
            "the 1930s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fae_s",
              "question": "When was Adolf Hitler's first visit to the Alps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5885_s",
          "context": "The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again . The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua . President Juárez , in an effort to organize a strong defense against the French ; Chihuahua was responsible for inducting 2,000 men . Regaining power ; the battalion was deployed to Puebla . After the defeat of the army in Puebla , the Juárez administration was forced to abandon Mexico City ; the president retreated further north seeking refuge in the state of Chihuahua .",
          "c_entity": [
            "navy",
            "luis terrazas",
            "jesús gonzález ortega",
            "juárez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707268f9e06ca38007e949d_s",
              "question": "Who has tried to organize a strong defence against the French?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Juárez",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-191_s",
          "context": "Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in many instances of genocides and mass killing. They lead to scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified that group as an enemy. A history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim, past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator leading to psychological wounds, authoritarian cultures and political systems, and the passivity of internal and external witnesses (bystanders) all contribute to the probability that the violence develops into genocide. Intense conflict between groups that is unresolved, becomes intractable and violent can also lead to genocide. The conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention, such as humanizing a devalued group, creating ideologies that embrace all groups, and activating bystander responses. There is substantial research to indicate how this can be done, but information is only slowly transformed into action.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ervin staub"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573410864776f419006617e7_s",
              "question": "Who defined the starting point of such development as economic deterioration and political chaos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ervin Staub",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1993_s",
          "context": "In cities other than Rome , the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour . The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III -LRB- the Short -RRB- , ruler of the Franks , in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy . This meaning of the word spread rapidly . The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 9th century",
            "1567"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde83666d3e219004dadd4_s",
              "question": "When was the title of cardinal left to the cardinal of Rome?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1567",
                  "answer_start": 456
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8174_s",
          "context": "On 29 May 1842 , Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall , London , when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire ; he escaped . , Victoria drove the same route , though faster and with a greater escort . As expected , Francis shot at her , but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen , and convicted of high treason . , John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen , but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge . , unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria 's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill , London . , the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer , Robert Pate . As Victoria was riding in a carriage , Pate struck her with his cane , crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead .",
          "c_entity": [
            "seven years",
            "the following day",
            "1850",
            "1840",
            "two days",
            "a second",
            "3 july",
            "18 months",
            "1849",
            "29 may 1842"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723f90ff6b826140030fd15_s",
              "question": "When did John Francis try to shoot Queen Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "29 May 1842",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did John Francis try to shoot Queen Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4542_s",
          "context": "Nobles were born into a noble family, adopted by a noble family (this was abolished in 1633) or ennobled by a king or Sejm for various reasons (bravery in combat, service to the state, etc.—yet this was the rarest means of gaining noble status). Many nobles were, in actuality, really usurpers, being commoners, who moved into another part of the country and falsely pretended to noble status. Hundreds of such false nobles were denounced by Hieronim Nekanda Trepka in his Liber generationis plebeanorium (or Liber chamorum) in the first half of the 16th century. The law forbade non-nobles from owning nobility-estates and promised the estate to the denouncer. Trepka was an impoverished nobleman who lived a townsman life and collected hundreds of such stories hoping to take over any of such estates. It does not seem he ever succeeded in proving one at the court. Many sejms issued decrees over the centuries in an attempt to resolve this issue, but with little success. It is unknown what percentage of the Polish nobility came from the 'lower' orders of society, but most historians agree that nobles of such base origins formed a 'significant' element of the szlachta.",
          "c_entity": [
            "hieronim nekanda trepka"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81745aef2371900625dc7_s",
              "question": "Who denounced many nobles?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hieronim Nekanda Trepka",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who denounced many nobles?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8169_s",
          "context": "Victoria 's youngest son , was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters , were carriers . Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons , Prince of Asturias . The presence of the disease in Victoria 's descendants , but not in her ancestors , led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac . There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria 's mother , and as male carriers always suffer the disease , even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill . It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria 's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers . Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
            "tsarevich alexei",
            "beatrice",
            "alfonso",
            "kent",
            "infante gonzalo",
            "alice",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723f31e0dadf01500fa1fb1_s",
              "question": "Who do they think Victoria's biological father is a hemophilia, not a haemophilia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Duke of Kent",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "It was believed that Victorias true father was a hemophiliac and not who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10936_s",
          "context": ". The country has a long history of armed neutrality -- and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross , Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations , including the second largest UN office . On the European level , it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably it is not part of the European Union , nor the European Economic Area . However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU 's single market through a number of bilateral treaties .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1815",
            "1 august 1291",
            "2002",
            "day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a7ef708984140094cd08_s",
              "question": "When did Switzerland join the United Nations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Switzerland join the United Nations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4474_s",
          "context": "Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland , from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup , Germany . He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language . He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914 . Father H. Linckens .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1904",
            "1912",
            "1914",
            "1911",
            "several weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f959be9b226e1400dd137f_s",
              "question": "When did father erdeland leave the Marshall Islands?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2354_s",
          "context": "Upper Palaeolithic deposits , including bones of Homo sapiens , have been found in local caves , and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "geographia",
            "mount batten"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de67e0cffd8e1900b4b889_s",
              "question": "Where was the medieval remains found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mount Batten",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4976_s",
          "context": "During the First Opium War , the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai . Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking , Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade . Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Taiping Rebellion , which resulted in a considerable loss of life in the province . In 1876 , Wenzhou became Zhejiang 's second treaty port .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1876",
            "1843"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f985bd9b226e1400dd150a_s",
              "question": "When will Wenzhou become the second port of call?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1876",
                  "answer_start": 413
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Wenzhou become Zhejiang's second treaty port?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14833_s",
          "context": ". , joining several of his university friends , who were also participating in Hayek 's own , more general , private seminar . It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin , with whom he retained a long-standing relationship .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "carl menger",
            "gottfried haberler",
            "wieser",
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            "hayek",
            "eric voegelin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a427e3f37b3190047883d_s",
              "question": "Who were Hayek's friends when he attended the Mises seminar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eric Voegelin",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11182_s",
          "context": "Soon after , a Russian cavalry movement was countered by the Heavy Brigade , who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated . This caused a more widespread Russian retreat , including a number of their artillery units . When the local commanders failed to take advantage of the retreat . The local commanders ignored the demands , leading to the British aide-de-camp personally delivering a quickly written and confusing order to attack the artillery . , the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see -- the wrong one .",
          "c_entity": [
            "raglan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727011b708984140094d843_s",
              "question": "Who is against the Russian cavalry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Heavy Brigade",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7797_s",
          "context": "Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements . The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo 's business practices . , Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms . , with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $ 5 discount off to a new game , to every person that had purchased a NES title between June 1988 and December 1990 . GameSpy remarked that Nintendo 's punishment was particularly weak giving the case 's findings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "ftc",
            "federal trade commission",
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            "nintendo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711205bb654c5140001fb8b_s",
              "question": "Who started investigating Nintendo's business?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States Department of Justice",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began probing Nintendo's business?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10042_s",
          "context": ", `` It 's worth noting that before Madonna , most music mega-stars were guy rockers ; after her , almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America , they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band . Madonna changed it back -- with an emphasis on the female . '' , asserted that `` Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers . '' According to Fouz-Hernández , Destiny 's Child , and decided they wanted to be like her . '' Time magazine included her in the list of the `` 25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century '' , where she became one of only two singers to be included .",
          "c_entity": [
            "spice girls",
            "msnbc",
            "britney spears",
            "pink",
            "aretha franklin",
            "madonna",
            "christina aguilera",
            "vh1",
            "kylie minogue",
            "howard kramer",
            "tony sclafani",
            "roll hall of fame",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fe765951b619008f843b_s",
              "question": "Who has changed too many female styles of singers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18719_s",
          "context": "In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as a potentially undesirable foreign import. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was \"perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution.\" Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached \"the greatest degree of perfection\" in his estimation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "patrick colquhoun"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732a05ccc179a14009dab90_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded London's West Indies businessmen to set up a police station?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Patrick Colquhoun",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3986_s",
          "context": "On November 2011, the sailing boat Puma's Mar Mostro participant in Volvo Ocean Race arrived to the island after her mast broke in the first leg from Alicante and Cape Town. This event made the island, its inhabitants and lifestyle known worldwide thanks to the media reports.",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7ca0937bdd419002c4400_s",
              "question": "When did a damaged ship arrive on the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2011",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a boat arrive at the island with damage during a race?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10048_s",
          "context": "London is a leading global city , with strengths in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transport all contributing to its prominence . It is one of the world 's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement . -LSB- note 3 -RSB- London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is one of the world 's leading investment destinations , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software , multimedia development and design , and shares first position in technology readiness . In 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "2012",
            "summer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b7aa4b864d1900163b42_s",
              "question": "When was the last summer Olympics in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 1042
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3956_s",
          "context": "The National Archives Building , known informally as Archives I , opened as its original headquarters in 1935 . : the Declaration of Independence , the Constitution , and the Bill of Rights . It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I . These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives , which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom . , the Emancipation Proclamation , and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louisiana",
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            "national mall",
            "d.c.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7877837bdd419002c40b7_s",
              "question": "Where is the declaration of independence preserved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The National Archives Building",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Declaration of Independence kept?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4401_s",
          "context": ". He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him , among them Edvard Kardelj , Milovan Đilas , Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič . In 1935 . He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police -LRB- NKVD -RRB- . Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion , a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War . In 1936 . In 1937 , Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY , Milan Gorkić , murdered in Moscow . Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
            "communist party of yugoslavia",
            "soviet",
            "balkans",
            "moscow",
            "vienna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735c_s",
              "question": "Where was the Communist Party Secretary General murdered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moscow",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17934_s",
          "context": "The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest-known example in the Americas of an extensive text thought to be writing is by the Cascajal Block. The Olmec hieroglyphs tablet has been indirectly dated from ceramic shards found in the same context to approximately 900 BCE, around the time that Olmec occupation of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán began to wane.",
          "c_entity": [
            "beginning in the 1st millennium"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731732b497a881900248f03_s",
              "question": "When did the United States invent the writing system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "beginning in the 1st millennium BCE",
                  "answer_start": 259
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were writing systems being created in the Americas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1300_s",
          "context": "For the finals , 2008 , along with a new on-air look . David Cook 's performance of `` Billie Jean '' on top-ten night was lauded by the judges , but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook 's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell 's version . Cornell himself said he was ` flattered ' and praised David Cook 's performance . David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure .",
          "c_entity": [
            "american idol",
            "david cook",
            "chris cornell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3772859d6e41400146499_s",
              "question": "Who adapted \"Billy Joan\" by David Cook on American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chris Cornell",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who arranged the version of \"Billie Jean\" that David Cook performed on American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3357_s",
          "context": "The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fd33231d4119001ac54d_s",
              "question": "When did Chen Fangyun think of satellite navigation system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for a satellite navigation system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11391_s",
          "context": "Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dea95951b619008f80b6_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria get independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18555_s",
          "context": "As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eisenhower then articulated his position as a moderate, progressive Republican: \"I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country. If the right wing wants a fight, they are going to get it ... before I end up, either this Republican Party will reflect progressivism or I won't be with them anymore.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1954"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573260b5e17f3d140042290e_s",
              "question": "When was the first federal election since Eisenhower was elected president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were the first federal elections after Eisenhower became president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18465_s",
          "context": "From 1879 , Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically . Thirty congregations were founded , Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings . As congregations continued to form during Russell 's ministry , they each remained self-administrative , functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance . , Zion 's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley , Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles . , Russell had organized thousands of part - and full-time colporteurs , and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices . , Russell 's organization maintained nearly a hundred `` pilgrims , '' or traveling preachers . Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry , he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1879",
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            "1880",
            "about 1900",
            "1881",
            "1912",
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323d61e17f3d140042276d_s",
              "question": "When did the watchtower followers come together as autonomous groups to study the Bible?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "From 1879",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8119_s",
          "context": "The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen. Geologists often prefer the term bitumen. Common usage often refers to various forms of asphalt/bitumen as \"tar\", such as at the La Brea Tar Pits. Another archaic term for asphalt/bitumen is \"pitch\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b16ff32177014007ea02b_s",
              "question": "Where is asphalt commonly used for refining petroleum residues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is bitumen the usual term for refined residue from crude oils?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16148_s",
          "context": ", worldwide sales of audio CDs , CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs . , 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide . CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution , with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about 50 % from their peak ; however , they remain one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry . In 2014 , revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004",
            "2007",
            "2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ec816c246551400ce4656_s",
              "question": "When did digital music and physical music sell at the same time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were digital and physical music sales the same?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-158_s",
          "context": "Simultaneously with these conflicts , bison , a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed . Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870 . In 1875 , General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food . By 1884 , commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction ; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "philip sheridan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573425624776f4190066195b_s",
              "question": "Who asked Congress to kill bison?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Philip Sheridan",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17137_s",
          "context": "In 550 BC , son of Mandane and Cambyses I , took over the Median Empire , and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states . The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt . The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages , and was quickly spread to other provinces , as they allied with the Persians . , Babylon , Egypt , parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper , as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cyrus the great",
            "lydia",
            "astyages"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d5_s",
              "question": "Who started the Persian uprising?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Median ruler Astyages",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who triggered the Persian Revolt? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10345_s",
          "context": "On 22 September 2003 the newspaper appeared to misjudge the public mood surrounding mental health, as well as its affection for former world heavyweight champion boxer Frank Bruno, who had been admitted to hospital, when the headline \"Bonkers Bruno Locked Up\" appeared on the front page of early editions. The adverse reaction, once the paper had hit the streets on the evening of 21 September, led to the headline being changed for the paper's second edition to the more sympathetic \"Sad Bruno In Mental Home\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "frank bruno"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a33bdd62a815002e8bb3_s",
              "question": "Who is mentioned in the article on mental health?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frank Bruno",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was featured in the article on mental health?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8946_s",
          "context": "The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution . Hugo Preuss , the father of the Weimar Constitution , drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states . His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government . Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles : Three fifth of the votes handed in , and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory . In fact , whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria . Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1933",
            "1919",
            "1922",
            "1920"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57291e663f37b31900478039_s",
              "question": "When did the debate on demarcation begin in Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14184_s",
          "context": "Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation needed] At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes. Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation. Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts, distinctive cream-grey \"Paris stone\" building ornamentation, aligned top-floor balconies, and tree-lined boulevards. The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities.",
          "c_entity": [
            "baron haussmann"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d235ff5b5019007da75a_s",
              "question": "Who has Paris on the 19th? Renaissance style?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baron Haussmann",
                  "answer_start": 660
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18070_s",
          "context": ", the remains of a mosaic pavement were discovered under the ruins of the Bizere Monastery near the River Mureş in present-day Romania . The panels depict real or fantastic animal , floral , solar and geometric representations . Some archeologists supposed that it was the floor of an Orthodox church , built some time between the 10th and 11th century . Other experts claim that it was part of the later Catholic monastery on the site because it shows the signs of strong Italianate influence . The monastery was situated that time in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary .",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 11th century",
            "2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317b65e6313a140071cf92_s",
              "question": "When was the mosaic of bizel monastery created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "between the 10th and 11th century",
                  "answer_start": 319
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the mosaics at Bizere Monastery created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6469_s",
          "context": ", the county became increasingly urbanised , particularly the southern part . To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness , Blackburn , Bolton , Bootle , Burnley , Bury , Liverpool , Manchester , Oldham , Preston , Rochdale , Salford , St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool -LRB- 1904 -RRB- . The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions . The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated , with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs -- Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county , between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1904",
            "1905",
            "the 20th century",
            "1900"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ad7de4103511400d59a80_s",
              "question": "When did Blackpool enter the county?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1904",
                  "answer_start": 292
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Blackpool added to the county?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15613_s",
          "context": "Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation . Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet . Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier . Its largest moon , Triton , was discovered shortly thereafter . The planet 's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size , making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes . Neptune was visited by Voyager 2 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recently",
            "25 august 1989",
            "23 september 1846",
            "the 20th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8363dfa6aa1500f8d071_s",
              "question": "When was Neptune first observed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 September 1846",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Neptune first observed? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18362_s",
          "context": ". The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras -LRB- `` superblocks '' -RRB- : groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools , retail stores , and open spaces . At the northern end of Lake Paranoá , separated from the inner city , is a peninsula with many fashionable homes , and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore . Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake , but during early development private clubs , hotels , and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water . Set well apart from the city are satellite cities , including Gama , Taguatinga , Núcleo Bandeirante , Sobradinho . These cities , with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake paranoá",
            "ceilândia",
            "brasília",
            "planaltina"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731df9ce17f3d14004224d8_s",
              "question": "Where is the peninsula with luxury houses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the northern end of Lake Paranoá",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is there a peninsula with luxury homes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8286_s",
          "context": "Since Israel 's capture of these territories , Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them . , outside of the Israeli settlements within the territory , has remained under direct military rule , and Palestinians in this area can not become Israeli citizens . Israel withdrew its military forces and dismantled the Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of its disengagement from Gaza though it continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters . The International Court of Justice , principal judicial organ of the United Nations , asserted , that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War , are occupied territory .",
          "c_entity": [
            "golan heights",
            "east",
            "west bank",
            "gaza strip",
            "jerusalem"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c76638643c19005accd7_s",
              "question": "Where did Israel withdraw and disband?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gaza Strip",
                  "answer_start": 380
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10884_s",
          "context": "The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe . Although the aim of the tour was mainly political , to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war , the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public . , was dispelled . They visited the 1939 New York World 's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park , New York . A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour , which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edward viii",
            "george",
            "franklin d. roosevelt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281cf44b864d19001644b8_s",
              "question": "Who was the president of the United States in 1939?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 419
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the President of the United States in 1939?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-261_s",
          "context": "In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jane stirling"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c016_s",
              "question": "Who provided the most money for his concert in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided the majority of funds for his concert tour in London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5415_s",
          "context": "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, \"I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "anwar sadat"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57064d8c52bb8914006899ce_s",
              "question": "Who is the president of Egypt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anwar Sadat",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Egyptian President?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2126_s",
          "context": "The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress , which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts . , ministers or consuls .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "supreme court"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4176cffd8e1900b4b71a_s",
              "question": "Who can restrict the judicial review of law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Congress",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can limit judicial review of a law?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13976_s",
          "context": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence . Each found support and similarities in the other 's work , citing each other often , though not without qualification . , Popper stated , `` I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker , except perhaps Alfred Tarski . '' . For his part , Studies in Philosophy , Politics , and Economics , to Popper , and in 1982 said , '' , I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "logik der forschung",
            "london school of economics",
            "friedrich hayek",
            "alfred tarski",
            "popper"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d96a2ca10214002da97b_s",
              "question": "Who said that Popper was the only thinker who influenced him more than Hayek?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alfred Tarski",
                  "answer_start": 289
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Popper say was the only thinker who might have had a greater influence on him than Hayek?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3544_s",
          "context": "Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish. Aavik had a broad classical education and knew Ancient Greek, Latin and French. Consider roim ‘crime’ versus English crime or taunima ‘to condemn, disapprove’ versus Finnish tuomita ‘to condemn, to judge’ (these Aavikisms appear in Aavik’s 1921 dictionary). These words might be better regarded as a peculiar manifestation of morpho-phonemic adaptation of a foreign lexical item.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1921"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e43df08c00841900fbaf62_s",
              "question": "When did yavik's Dictionary come out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1921",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Aavik's dictionary published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7410_s",
          "context": "Eritrea 's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances . Amongst the Tigrinya , the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila . Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar , kebero , begena , masenqo and the wata -LRB- a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin -RRB- . The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles , who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yemane baria",
            "ruth abraha",
            "abraham afewerki",
            "helen meles",
            "dehab faytinga",
            "bereket mengisteab"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e2a540b85d914000d7cf7_s",
              "question": "Who is Eritrea's most popular singer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Helen Meles",
                  "answer_start": 394
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11019_s",
          "context": "26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-making of that day. Nowadays, the day is a national holiday in order to remember the tragic events and the people that were killed.[unreliable source?] The coup is remembered as Mali's March Revolution of 1991.",
          "c_entity": [
            "moussa traoré"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c4a7708984140094d0eb_s",
              "question": "Who was the president during the March protests?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moussa Traoré",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was president during the March protests?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12957_s",
          "context": "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802 , Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors . , who served from 1957 to 1962 . In 1973 , the city elected its first black mayor , Coleman Young . Despite development efforts , his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents . , refocused the city 's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown . By 2008 , three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coleman young",
            "dennis archer",
            "republican party",
            "louis miriani",
            "michigan supreme court justice"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d743ff5b5019007da7ed_s",
              "question": "Who was Detroit's first black mayor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Coleman Young",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Detroit's first black mayor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12201_s",
          "context": ", 1989 , young men carrying guns , firebombs , iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen , causing a number of deaths . The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station . They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries . By June 25 . A mob of about 150 people armed with sticks , about 90 miles from Zhanaozen , before they were dispersed by government troops flown in by helicopters . Mobs of young people also rampaged through Yeraliev , Shepke , where they poured flammable liquid on trains housing temporary workers and set them on fire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kazakhstan",
            "caspian sea",
            "zhanaozen",
            "mangishlak",
            "kulsary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282a062ca10214002d9fac_s",
              "question": "Where did the deadly June 19 riots take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhanaozen",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the fatal June 19th riots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10008_s",
          "context": "While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country . While there , she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006 . The adoption raised strong public reaction , which Madonna did not do . She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show , saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption . She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him . Banda 's biological father , Yohane , commented , `` These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day , threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing ... . They want me to support their court case , a thing I can not do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 2008",
            "one year",
            "october 2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e267dd62a815002e93df_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna adopt David Banda?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2006",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna adopt David Banda?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2139_s",
          "context": "The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:",
          "c_entity": [
            "vitruvius"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2b2d4396321400ee261e_s",
              "question": "Who created the oldest existing architectural plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roman architect Vitruvius",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12088_s",
          "context": "Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period , primarily through two major esoteric sects . , one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism . Shingon , brought to Japan by the monk Kūkai , emphasizes Esoteric Buddhism . , leading to the notion of ` aristocratic Buddhism ' . A close relationship developed between the Tendai monastery complex on Mount Hiei and the imperial court in its new capital at the foot of the mountain . As a result . , which rose to great power over the ensuing centuries . , and also generations of Japanese , not only with his holiness but also with his poetry , calligraphy , painting , and sculpture . Shingon , through its use of `` rich symbols , rituals and mandalas '' held a wide-ranging appeal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chen yen",
            "lotus sutra",
            "kammu",
            "tendai",
            "kūkai",
            "saichō"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277e54f1498d1400e8f9be_s",
              "question": "Who brought the magic Buddhism to Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kūkai",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who brought Shingon Buddhism to Japan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5607_s",
          "context": "Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake long-distance movements on foot during droughts.",
          "c_entity": [
            "australia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706021475f01819005e7868_s",
              "question": "Where do EMUs come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Australia",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Emus from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12214_s",
          "context": "On December 12 . The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . The legality of this action was questionable , since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies . However , no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected . Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect , since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December . In effect , the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union . Later that day , Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gorbachev",
            "sfsr"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283f713acd2414000df7b8_s",
              "question": "Who has any indication that he wants to give up his position?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gorbachev",
                  "answer_start": 534
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14750_s",
          "context": "The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911 . , and with the founding of the Aviation School -LRB- Tayyare Mektebi -RRB- in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912 , the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers . The founding of the Aviation School quickened advancement in the military aviation program , increased the number of enlisted persons within it , and gave the new pilots an active role in the Ottoman Army and Navy . In May 1913 the world 's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started by the Aviation School and the first separate reconnaissance division was established . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- In June 1914 a new military academy , the Naval Aviation School -LRB- Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi -RRB- was founded . With the outbreak of World War I , the modernization process stopped abruptly . The Ottoman aviation squadrons fought on many fronts during World War I .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ottoman empire",
            "caucasus",
            "yemen",
            "galicia",
            "ottoman army",
            "yeşilköy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a4a80fed8de19000d5b76_s",
              "question": "Where is the first Osman flying school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yeşilköy",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first Ottoman Aviation school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13787_s",
          "context": ", a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence . The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication , of the Zinoviev letter , in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain . The letter had little impact on the Labour vote -- which held up . It was the collapse of the Liberal party that led to the Conservative landslide . The Conservatives were returned to power although Labour increased its vote from 30.7 % to a third of the popular vote , most Conservative gains being at the expense of the Liberals . , thereby according to A. J. P. Taylor misunderstanding the political forces at work and delaying needed reforms in the party .",
          "c_entity": [
            "years",
            "four days",
            "nine months",
            "1924"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572867b23acd2414000df9ab_s",
              "question": "When was zenoviev's letter published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Zinoviev letter published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17851_s",
          "context": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
          "c_entity": [
            "fujian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57313458497a881900248c48_s",
              "question": "Where is the struggle between the loyal officials of the Ming Dynasty and the Manchu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fujian",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the fight between Ming loyalists and Manchus occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7279_s",
          "context": "Once a year between 2008 . The final race in 2012 European Grand Prix saw an extremely popular winner , since home driver Fernando Alonso won for Ferrari in spite of starting halfway down the field . Periodically the Spanish round of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters touring car racing Championship -LRB- DTM -RRB- is held in Valencia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "valencia street circuit",
            "monte carlo",
            "circuit de valencia",
            "fernando alonso",
            "ricardo tormo",
            "barcelona",
            "porto"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d75ccb3d812140066d99d_s",
              "question": "Who won the last game of the 2012 European Grand Prix?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fernando Alonso",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the last race of the European Grand Prix in 2012?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16454_s",
          "context": "Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan , the Government of India 's public service broadcaster , which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel . Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription , direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television . , high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbe94947a6a140053cc22_s",
              "question": "When did total start sending to Hyderabad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Doordarshan begin broadcasting in Hyderabad?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3210_s",
          "context": ", Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids , which results in the production of hydrogen gas . In 1766 , Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance , by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction `` flammable air '' . He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element . , Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen -LRB- from the Greek ὑδρο - hydro meaning `` water '' and - γενής genes meaning `` creator '' -RRB- when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish 's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed9_s",
              "question": "When did Henry Cavendish realize that hydrogen is a discrete substance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1766",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Henry Cavendish recognize hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2679_s",
          "context": "Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that `` Whatever else they might disagree about , Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance . '' , in his book The Case Against Christianity , evaluated three historical Christian creeds -LRB- the Apostles ' Creed , the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed -RRB- to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism , the historicity of Jesus , the Incarnation , salvation through faith in Jesus , and Jesus as an ethical role model .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jesus",
            "linda woodhead",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df206e3277331400b4d98d_s",
              "question": "Who says Christians agree that Jesus has a unique meaning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Linda Woodhead",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who states that Christian believers agree that Jesus has a unique significance? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3251_s",
          "context": "In 1993 , browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic , `` the world 's first popular browser '' , which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person . The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 -- one of the first graphical web browsers -- led to an explosion in web use . Andreessen , the leader of the Mosaic team at National Center for Supercomputing Applications -LRB- NCSA -RRB- , soon started his own company , named Netscape , which quickly became the world 's most popular browser , accounting for 90 % of all web use at its peak -LRB- see usage share of web browsers -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1990s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ca827aa994140058e6f4_s",
              "question": "When was mosaic released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Mosaic released?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18599_s",
          "context": "The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639 . , the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community , first from various European countries -LRB- particularly Ireland , Germany and Italy -RRB- and later from the Caribbean region -LRB- particularly Puerto Rico , Jamaica and the Dominican Republic -RRB- , as well as African American migrants from the American South . This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324f89e99e3014001e66a2_s",
              "question": "When did bronck settle in New York?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1639",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Bronck settle in the New York area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8832_s",
          "context": ", the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament . These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures . Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon , the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports . The metal filament had the property of gradually shortening in use ; the filaments were installed with large loops that tightened in use . Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding , though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament . General Electric bought the rights to use tantalum filaments and produced them in the US until 1913 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262d97ec44d21400f3dbb1_s",
              "question": "When does Ge stop producing tantalum lines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 697
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did GE cease production of the tantalum light filament?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-368_s",
          "context": "When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again , leader of the Khoshut -LRB- Qoshot -RRB- tribe of the Oirat Mongols , who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa . Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector , but also resettled his entire tribe into Amdo . Sonam Chöpel urged Güshi Khan to assault the Ü-Tsang king 's homebase of Shigatse , which Güshi Khan agreed upon , enlisting the aid of Gelug monks and supporters . In 1642 , the Ü-Tsang forces surrendered . Güshi Khan then captured and summarily executed Karma Tenkyong , the ruler of Ü-Tsang , King of Tibet .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867e_s",
              "question": "When will the troops surrender in the 220tsang joint zone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1642",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the  Ü-Tsang forces surrender?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-69_s",
          "context": ", grossing $ 158.8 million at the box office worldwide . Her second film Dreamgirls , received acclaim from critics and grossed $ 154 million internationally . In it . To promote the film . In April 2007 , her first worldwide concert tour , visiting 97 venues and grossed over $ 24 million . At the same time , B'Day was re-released with five additional songs , including her duet with Shakira `` Beautiful Liar '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf95eaa10cfb1400551196_s",
              "question": "Who is Beyonce's duet in the beautiful liar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shakira",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Beyonce's duet with in ''Beautiful Liar''?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1047_s",
          "context": "Sessions for West 's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft 's living room at a Paris hotel . Determined to `` undermine the commercial '' , he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill , dancehall , acid house , and industrial music . Primarily inspired by architecture . Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album 's music and live television performances . Yeezus , West 's sixth album , was released June 18 , 2013 to rave reviews from critics . It became the rapper 's sixth consecutive number one debut , but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales . On September 6 , 2013 , to support Yeezus , with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way .",
          "c_entity": [
            "def jam",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf71dc4df3c31400b0d7ad_s",
              "question": "Who accompanied Kanye in promoting yeezus's efforts?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kendrick Lamar",
                  "answer_start": 767
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10509_s",
          "context": "Alumnus Eero Saarinen , Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal . These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano -- a prototype chosen for the town 's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cbs building",
            "bell labs holmdel complex",
            "eero saarinen",
            "gateway arch",
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            {
              "id": "5726e4d6dd62a815002e9424_s",
              "question": "Who built the arch in Saint Louis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alumnus Eero Saarinen",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the Gateway Arch in St. Louis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12383_s",
          "context": "Some recordings , such as books for the blind , were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm . ; for example . Peter Goldmark , the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record . Subsequently , the 16 2⁄3 rpm speed was used for narrated publications for the blind and visually impaired , and were never widely commercially available , although it was common to see new turntable models with a 16 rpm speed setting produced as late as the 1970s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "peter goldmark",
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            {
              "id": "5727bb282ca10214002d94fd_s",
              "question": "Who set a 33-1 / 3 speed record?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Goldmark",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm speed record?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14399_s",
          "context": ", Hōjō Shigetoki -LRB- 1198 : `` When one is serving officially or in the master 's court , he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people , but should consider only the importance of the master . '' , war , eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery , fierce family pride , and selfless , at times senseless devotion of master and man '' . : `` It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by ... First , a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame , but also that of his descendants . He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear ... One 's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general . It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one 's descendants . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1261 ad",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f34c4b864d190016510c_s",
              "question": "When was he Junzhi born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1198",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Hojo Shigetoki born?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5475_s",
          "context": ", science , literature , and the arts to build its reputation . For much of its early life , so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers . Beginning in 1814 , the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig . In 1815 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705ede675f01819005e7785_s",
              "question": "Who developed this new type of newspaper for the times in 1814?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Koenig",
                  "answer_start": 259
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13926_s",
          "context": "Built around 1915 . It links north Pacific shipping through providing critical infrastructure with tracks that run from Seward to Interior Alaska by way of South Central Alaska , passing through Anchorage , Eklutna , Wasilla , Talkeetna , Denali , and Fairbanks , with spurs to Whittier , Palmer and North Pole . The cities , towns , villages , and region served by ARR tracks are known statewide as `` The Railbelt '' . , the ever-improving paved highway system began to eclipse the railroad 's importance in Alaska 's economy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recent years",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f3b82ca10214002dab28_s",
              "question": "When was the Alaskan Railway built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "around 1915",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Alaska Railroad built?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14547_s",
          "context": "The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia , who is widely revered . On 14 July , people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino , the most important religious event of the year . The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who , it is believed . Her remains were discovered in a cave on Monte Pellegrino , and her remains were carried around the city three times , banishing the plague . There is a sanctuary marking the spot where her remains were found which can be reached via a scenic bus ride from the city .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572970446aef051400154eb3_s",
              "question": "When will Palermo be the most important religious activity of the year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "14 July",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is Palermo's most important religious event of the year held?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-365_s",
          "context": "Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title \"Master of Vajradhara\" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616, but just like his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey.",
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            "1616"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce451caab44d1400b8863e_s",
              "question": "When did emperor Yongdeng Gyatso of Wanli award the title of Vajrayana master?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1616",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5596_s",
          "context": "It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted . Thomas Bewick 's A History of British Birds -LRB- Volume 1 , 1797 -RRB- mentions a report from `` a very intelligent master of a vessel '' who , saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward '' , and states the situation in Britain as follows :",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5705f31c52bb89140068970f_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about the history of birds in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Bewick",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote A History of British Birds?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1513_s",
          "context": "On April 17 . The same day , the Chinese government called on CNN to `` apologise '' for having allegedly insulted the Chinese people , and for `` attempting to incite the Chinese people against the government '' . CNN issued a statement on April 14 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jack cafferty",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9868bdc89441400fdb4ee_s",
              "question": "Who accused Xinhua of bias in its April 17 report?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "CNN",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Who did Xinhua accuse of biased reporting on April 17?"
            }
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15499_s",
          "context": "In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides -LRB- 1883 -- 1958 -RRB- who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice . -- 1968 -RRB- who also studied in London . In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ea2bbc246551400ce4446_s",
              "question": "Who is the first important Cyprus painter in modern times?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vassilis Vryonides",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first important Cyprus painter of modern times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3745_s",
          "context": ". , when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty , the Yongle Emperor , relocated the capital to Beijing .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7894300c9c71400d77268_s",
              "question": "Where has the capital moved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beijing",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the capital moved to?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10321_s",
          "context": "Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start , which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers ' lives . , German-born Stephanie Rahn ; she was tagged as a `` Birthday Suit Girl '' to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun . A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture , and with increasingly risqué poses . Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic . Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature , although denied it was sexist . A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge , Yorkshire , was the first to ban the paper from its public library , shortly after Page 3 began , because of its excessive sexual content . , and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267eb8708984140094c7f7_s",
              "question": "When was the library ban lifted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 809
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the library ban reversed?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-311_s",
          "context": "As evident in his imperial edicts . Rolpe Dorje , 4th Karmapa Lama -LRB- 1340 , although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing . , one of many Buddhist monks at court , to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378 -- 1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc5fd66d243a140015ef50_s",
              "question": "Who is the fourth Karmapa Lama?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rolpe Dorje",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8199_s",
          "context": "The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal -LRB- Continental -RRB- strand to be Irregular , and thus withhold recognition . For the Continental lodges , however , having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties . In 1961 , an umbrella organisation , Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg -LRB- CLIPSAS -RRB- was set up . Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories , including mixed and women 's organisations . The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions , and expects its allies to follow suit . This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572503ad0ba9f01400d97c30_s",
              "question": "When was kripps founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1961",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was CLIPSAS set up?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6600_s",
          "context": "Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen . , militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city . The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army , which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia . Meanwhile , the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1775",
            "july 4, 1776",
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              "question": "When did Britain declare martial law in the colonies of North America?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony?"
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          "context": "In 1816 , fat -LRB- olive oil -RRB- , and water died evidently of starvation , but dogs also fed protein survived , identifying protein as an essential dietary component . William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates , fat , and protein . During the 19th century . With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology . In the 1860s , showing that the energy in blood glucose can be stored as fat or as glycogen .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first to classify food?",
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              "original_question": "Who first began dividing foods into categories?"
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          "context": "The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855 . The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures . In August 1859 , but had to flee to Durango two months later . Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor ; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo . Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state , but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state . , a liberal leader , as governor ; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who made himself governor?",
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              "original_question": "Who established himself as governor?"
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          "context": "The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill , in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park . The location was not ideal , being several miles away from navigable water . In 1850 , several miles south of the original settlement ; however , for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses . In the late 1860s , Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area , which he called `` New Town '' and which became Downtown San Diego . Horton promoted the area heavily , and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping . New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement , known to this day as Old Town , and became the economic and governmental heart of the city . Still , San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878 .",
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              "question": "Who is primarily responsible for the population growth in downtown San Diego?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alonzo Horton",
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              "original_question": "Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?"
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          "context": "Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe . Tito 's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people , but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons -LRB- and pressures -RRB- to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control . Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II , the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945 , giving way to an uneasy alliance . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who was Tito's official ally after the second world war?",
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              "original_question": "Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?"
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          "context": ", for whom the City of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . ; women were admitted in 1869 . , the main campus is a 240-acre -LRB- 97 ha -RRB- parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools are located on a 25-acre -LRB- 10 ha -RRB- campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .",
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              "question": "When did women first enter Northwestern University?",
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              "original_question": "When were women first admitted to Northwestern?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6615_s",
          "context": ". Initially receiving mixed reviews . They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll -LRB- 1974 -RRB- and Black and Blue -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . The latter included the track `` Stairway to Heaven '' , which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio . Deep Purple continued to define hard rock , particularly with their album Machine Head -LRB- 1972 -RRB- , which included the tracks `` Highway Star '' and `` Smoke on the Water '' . , going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of the band the next year . 1970 saw The Who release Live at Leeds , often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album , and the following year they released their highly acclaimed album Who 's Next , which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers . Subsequent albums , including Quadrophenia -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , built on this sound before Who Are You -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , their last album before the death of pioneering rock drummer Keith Moon later that year .",
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              "question": "Who is the drummer of the World Health Organization?",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the drummer for The Who?"
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          "context": "Under a front page headline `` The Truth '' , the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims , that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable `` whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient . '' Despite the headline , written by Kelvin MacKenzie , the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources , or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said , the reporter who wrote the story .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the title \"truth\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Kelvin MacKenzie",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the headline \"The Truth\"?"
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          "context": "Like the Pagan Empire , Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities . Despite the wars , cultural synchronisation continued . This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture . Burmese literature `` grew more confident , popular , and stylistically diverse '' , and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged . Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country . Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period .",
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              "question": "Who has strengthened the spread of religious reform in Myanmar?",
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                  "text": "Hanthawaddy monarchs",
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              "original_question": "Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?"
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          "context": "The period saw several important technical innovations . Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy , championed by artists like Donatello . This can be seen particularly well in his sculptures , inspired by the study of classical models . As the centre of the movement shifted to Rome .",
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              "question": "Who advocates scientific anatomy for the benefit of art?",
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              "original_question": "Who championed the scientific study of anatomy for the benefit of art?"
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          "context": "The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.",
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              "original_question": "Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?"
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          "context": ". It also became a center of slavery , with 42 % of households holding slaves by 1730 . Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves , but others hired them out to work at labor . Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s , during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square , revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years .",
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              "question": "Where were the trenches dug in Africa?",
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                  "text": "Foley Square",
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              "original_question": "Near what square was the African Burial Ground unearthed?"
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          "context": "The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city . Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard , the Air Raid Precautions service -LRB- ARP -RRB- , and many other organisations . Only one year earlier , there had only been 6,600 full-time and 13,800 part-time firemen in the entire country . During the Blitz , The Scout Association guided fire engines to where they were most needed , and became known as the `` Blitz Scouts '' . These personnel , were charged with the task of salvage and clean-up .",
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              "question": "Who is the name of the blitzkrieg Scout?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Scout Association",
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              "original_question": "Who was given the name Blitz Scouts?"
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          "context": "In the audition rounds , 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions . These were cut to 30 for the semifinal , with ten going on to the finals . One semifinalist , was disqualified for lying to evade the show 's age limit . One of the early favorites , Tamyra Gray , was eliminated at the top four , the first of several such shock eliminations that were to be repeated in later seasons . , and she was eliminated while she was in the hospital . Jim Verraros was the first openly gay contestant on the show ; his sexual orientation was revealed in his online journal , however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes .",
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              "question": "Who is the first known gay candidate in American Idol?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jim Verraros",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first known homosexual contestant on American Idol?"
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          "context": "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System -LRB- officially abbreviated the Super NES -LSB- b -RSB- or SNES -LSB- c -RSB- , 1991 in North America . In Japan , the system is called the Super Famicom -LRB- Japanese : スーパーファミコン , Hepburn : Sūpā Famikon ? , officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor , the Family Computer -RRB- , or SFC for short . In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy -LRB- 슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi -RRB- and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another . , by Playtronic .",
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              "question": "When was SNES published in the United States?",
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              "original_question": "When was the SNES released in the US?"
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          "context": ", bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman , Prince Oleg , as regent for his young son . In 880-82 , Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river , proclaimed himself prince , and declared Kiev the `` mother of Rus ' cities . '' , imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes . In 883 , he conquered the Drevlians , imposing a fur tribute on them . By 885 he had subjugated the Poliane , forbidding them to pay further tribute to the Khazars . Oleg continued to develop and expand a network of Rus ' forts in Slav lands .",
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              "question": "Who declared Kiev the \"mother of Ross Citi\"?",
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              "original_question": "Who declared Kiev \"The mother of Rus citis'?"
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          "context": "Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been : more versatility with musical genres ; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business ; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households ; and the strong heritage of music and singing , where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing . Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South , as well as local pride . According to season five winner Taylor Hicks , who is from the state of Alabama , `` People in the South have a lot of pride ... So , they 're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region . ''",
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              "original_question": "Where is Taylor Hicks from?"
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          "context": ". In 2011 , the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened -LRB- now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater -RRB- , which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months . An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art , which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies . Nearby Cary is home to the Koka Booth Amphitheatre which hosts additional summer concerts and outdoor movies . , Dorton Arena hosts headline acts . The private Lincoln Theatre is one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts throughout the year in multiple formats -LRB- rock , pop , country -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where is the North Carolina exposition?",
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                  "text": "Dorton Arena",
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              "original_question": "Where is the North Carolina State Fair?"
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          "context": "In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been \"late to the party\" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a \"digital hub\" that linked and enabled an \"emerging digital lifestyle\". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals.",
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          "context": "Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor , the first Christian heretic to be executed , Priscillian , was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery , and put to death with four or five followers . However , who opposed Priscillian 's heresy , but `` believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil '' . For some years after the Reformation , Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics , including Catholics . The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various `` ecclesiastical authorities '' -LSB- note 1 -RSB- is not known . But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma , and they will be ruled heretically '' .",
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              "question": "Who was the first Roman Christian to be sentenced to death for heresy?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?"
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          "context": "West founded the record label and production company GOOD Music in 2004 , shortly after releasing his debut album , The College Dropout . , Common , and West were the label 's inaugural artists . The label houses artists including West / Mos Def , Q-Tip , No I.D. , and S1 . In November 2015 , West appointed Pusha T the new president of GOOD Music .",
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              "question": "Who appointed Kanye president of gutte music in 2015?",
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                  "text": "Pusha T",
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              "original_question": "Who did Kanye name President of GOOD Music in 2015?"
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          "context": "On 29 November 1947 , the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine . This UN plan specified borders for new Arab and Jewish states and also specified an area of Jerusalem and its environs which was to be administered by the UN under an international regime . , David Ben-Gurion , the executive head of the Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine , declared `` the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel , to be known as the State of Israel , '' which would start to function from the termination of the mandate . The borders of the new state were not specified in the declaration . Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states , in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank -- 57 -- 82 -RRB- . It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem , but not the West Bank . Efforts to resolve the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace . However , peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed . Israel 's occupation of Gaza , the West Bank and East Jerusalem is the world 's longest military occupation in modern times . -LSB- note 2 -RSB-",
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              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "29 November 1947",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the UN recommend the Partition Plan?"
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        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8970_s",
          "context": "The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As a token of gratitude, between 50,000 and 70,000 Korean veterans that served in the PLA were sent back along with their weapons, and they later played a significant role in the initial invasion of South Korea. China promised to support the North Koreans in the event of a war against South Korea. The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262f14ec44d21400f3dbd2_s",
              "question": "When was the people's Republic of China established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 139
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the People's Republic of China created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8722_s",
          "context": "The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke . Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007 . Kroenke came close to the 30 % takeover threshold in November 2009 , when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares -LRB- 29.9 % -RRB- . In April 2011 , taking his shareholding to 62.89 % . As of June 2015 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572609bf271a42140099d3d9_s",
              "question": "Who is the biggest shareholder in the Arsenal board?",
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                  "text": "Stan Kroenke",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What individual is the biggest shareholder on the Arsenal board?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5449_s",
          "context": "In the Colonial America of 1619 . Later American English spellings , neger and neggar , prevailed in a northern colony , dates from 1625 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706fa4c90286e26004fc788_s",
              "question": "Where is John Rolf?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Colonial America",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
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              "original_question": "Where was John Rolfe?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18443_s",
          "context": "In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty . They settled in large numbers in Cilicia , an Anatolian region where Armenians were already established as a minority since Roman times . , they founded an independent Armenian Principality then Kingdom of Cilicia , which became the focus of Armenian nationalism . The Armenians developed close social , cultural , military , and religious ties with nearby Crusader States , but eventually succumbed to Mamluk invasions . , Djenghis Khan , Timurids , and the tribal Turkic federations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu ruled over the Armenians .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573218f2e17f3d1400422685_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia become a sovereign state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "885 AD",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12624_s",
          "context": "The city 's municipal government was dominated by about 12 -- 15 merchant families , whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe -- in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt , iron and wine . It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when almost half the townspeople died of plague when the Black Death arrived in the town . , Cork played a part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck a pretender to the English throne , landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow Henry VII of England . The then mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When did the Plague Strike cork?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1349",
                  "answer_start": 263
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the plague hit Cork?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-869_s",
          "context": "As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads , air , and rail . , an agreement was made between Tajikistan , Pakistan , and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km -LRB- 810 mi -RRB- highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan 's ports . The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country . And in 2012 , the presidents of Tajikistan , Afghanistan , and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil , gas , and water pipelines to connect the three countries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e4e7d058e614000b6501_s",
              "question": "When was the agreement signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 437
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the agreement signed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8365_s",
          "context": "The Kingdom of Pontus was a Hellenistic kingdom on the southern coast of the Black Sea . It was founded by Mithridates I in 291 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC . Despite being ruled by a dynasty which was a descendant of the Persian Achaemenid Empire it became hellenized due to the influence of the Greek cities on the Black Sea and its neighboring kingdoms . Pontic culture was a mix of Greek and Iranian elements , the most hellenized parts of the kingdom were on the coast , populated by Greek colonies such as Trapezus and Sinope , which became the capital of the kingdom . Epigraphic evidence also shows extensive Hellenistic influence in the interior . During the reign of Mithridates II , Pontus was allied with the Seleucids through dynastic marriages . By the time of Mithridates VI Eupator .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who established the kingdom of Bendu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mithridates I",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Kingdom of Pontus?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8976_s",
          "context": "While these preparations were underway in the North , there were frequent clashes along the 38th parallel , especially at Kaesong and Ongjin , many initiated by the South . On the eve of war . For his part , including when American diplomat John Foster Dulles visited Korea on 18 June .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572686d25951b619008f75b7_s",
              "question": "Who is the diplomat visiting South Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Foster Dulles",
                  "answer_start": 241
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the diplomat that visited Korea?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-70_s",
          "context": "On April 4 , 2008 . She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce , 2008 . I Am ... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18 , 2008 in the United States . , conceived during the making of her 2003 single `` Crazy in Love '' , selling 482,000 copies in its first week , debuting atop the Billboard 200 . The album featured the number-one song `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' and the top-five songs `` If I Were a Boy '' and `` Halo '' . Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career . It also included the successful `` Sweet Dreams '' , and singles `` Diva '' , `` Ego '' , `` Broken-Hearted Girl '' and `` Video Phone '' . The music video for `` Single Ladies '' has been parodied and imitated around the world . The video has won several awards , including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards , the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards , and the 2009 BET Awards . At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards , the video was nominated for nine awards , ultimately winning three including Video of the Year . Its failure to win the Best Female Video category . In March 2009 ... World Tour , her second headlining worldwide concert tour , consisting of 108 shows , grossing $ 119.5 million .",
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              "id": "56d4bf242ccc5a1400d831c0_s",
              "question": "Who is beyoncb233's age self?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Sasha Fierce",
                  "answer_start": 137
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Beyoncé's alter ego?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8697_s",
          "context": "In 1886 , Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square . , the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury . They became Tottenham Hotspur 's nearest club , commencing the North London derby . , they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway . -- 15 , with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football . -- 15 , Arsenal 's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world .",
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              "question": "When was Arsenal first established?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1886",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Arsenal originally formed?"
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          "context": "Immediately after reading Price 's sermon , Reflections on the Revolution in France . On 13 February 1790 , a notice in the press said that shortly , however he spent the year revising and expanding it . On 1 November he finally published the Reflections and it was an immediate best-seller . Priced at five shillings , it was more expensive than most political pamphlets , but by the end of 1790 , it had gone through ten printings and sold approximately 17,500 copies . A French translation appeared on 29 November and on 30 November the translator , Pierre-Gaëton Dupont . The French translation ran to ten printings by June 1791 .",
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              "question": "Who translated reflection on the French Revolution into French?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pierre-Gaëton Dupont",
                  "answer_start": 553
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who translated 'Reflections on the Revolution in France' into French?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-248_s",
          "context": "During the summers at Nohant -- 43 , Chopin found quiet , including his Polonaise in A-flat major , Op. 53 . Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot , whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition . Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842 :",
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              "question": "When did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit to nohan?",
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                  "text": "7 June 1842",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15392_s",
          "context": "With crude oil as the country 's primary export . In October 1969 , he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair , benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state , and by threatening to reduce production , in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil . In 1970 , leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil . , in which they secured income tax , back-payments and better pricing from the oil corporations ; these measures brought Libya an estimated $ 1 billion in additional revenues in its first year .",
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              "question": "Who was responsible for the rise in oil prices in Libya in 1969?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jalloud",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969?"
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          "context": "During the middle decades of the 18th century , there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent , the Carnatic Wars , the Compagnie française des Indes orientales , struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire . The Battle of Plassey in 1757 , in which the British , led by Robert Clive , left the Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India . France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states , ending French hopes of controlling India . In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control , the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys .",
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              "question": "Who led Britain in the battle of plachy?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Robert Clive",
                  "answer_start": 365
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              "original_question": "Who led the British in the Battle of Plassey?"
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          "context": "The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as \"the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine.\" McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt. The French critic Joseph Bédier likewise became disenchanted with the stemmatic method, and concluded that the editor should choose the best available text, and emend it as little as possible.",
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              "id": "572791ab5951b619008f8dcb_s",
              "question": "When was the term copy text introduced?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1904",
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              "original_question": "When was the term copy-text introduced?"
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          "context": "In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song \"Inside Your Heaven\". Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more  Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an \"American Idol\" alumnus.",
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              "id": "56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d1f_s",
              "question": "When was the winner announced?",
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              "original_question": "When was the winner declared?"
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          "context": "The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.",
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              "question": "WHO estimates that Russia's population is 90 million less than it was in 1945?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Stephen J. Lee",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
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              "original_question": "Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6110_s",
          "context": "Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines. His approach was termed the Torah im Derech Eretz approach, or \"neo-Orthodoxy\". While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought. This pattern of religious and secular involvement has been evident at many times in Jewish history. Scholars[who?] believe it was characteristic of the Jews in Babylon during the Amoraic and Geonic periods, and likewise in early medieval Spain, shown by their engagement with both Muslim and Christian society. It appeared as the traditional response to cultural and scientific innovation.",
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              "id": "57099130ed30961900e84342_s",
              "question": "Who believes that Judaism requires and applies Torah thought to the whole field of human experience?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hirsch",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1268_s",
          "context": ", in front of a live studio audience . The finals lasted eight weeks in season one , eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve , which lasted ten weeks , and season thirteen , which lasted for thirteen weeks . Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown , disco , or big band , or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant 's year of birth . Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme . In season ten , Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season . Initially the contestants sing one song each week , but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards , then three songs for the top two or three .",
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              "question": "Who are the mentors for season 10 participants?",
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                  "text": "Jimmy Iovine",
                  "answer_start": 595
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3018_s",
          "context": "In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.",
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              "id": "56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a3_s",
              "question": "When was the first commercial experiment customer served?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1989",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
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              "original_question": "when was the first commercial isp customer served?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11559_s",
          "context": "Some critics of Stalin 's policy , such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov , claim that Stalin 's primary motive for signing the Soviet -- German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe . -LSB- page needed -RSB- Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with , for example . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a `` conspiracy to conduct war of aggression . ''",
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              "id": "5726e0415951b619008f80f5_s",
              "question": "Who is skeptical about Stalin's relationship with politics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Viktor Suvorov",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10871_s",
          "context": "His birthday -LRB- 14 December 1895 -RRB- was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather , Prince Albert , the Prince Consort . Uncertain of how the Prince Consort 's widow , Queen Victoria , would take the news of the birth . Two days later , he wrote again . , and wrote to the Duchess of York : `` I am all impatience to see the new one , born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me , especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good '' . Consequently . -LSB- a -RSB- As a great-grandson of Queen Victoria . Within the family . His maternal grandmother , did not like the first name the baby had been given , and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name `` may supplant the less favoured one '' .",
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            "teck",
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              "question": "Who is Prince Albert's great grandmother?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Queen Victoria",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was Prince Albert's great grandmother?"
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          "context": "In 1565 , the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers , Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa , `` the one of Tsang '' , and established his base of power at Shigatse . The second successor of this first Tsang king , Karma Phuntsok Namgyal , took control of the whole of Central Tibet -LRB- Ü-Tsang -RRB- . Despite this , the leaders of Lhasa still claimed their allegiance to the Phagmodru as well as the Gelug , while the Ü-Tsang king allied with the Karmapa . Tensions rose between the nationalistic Ü-Tsang ruler and the Mongols who safeguarded their Mongol Dalai Lama in Lhasa . The fourth Dalai Lama refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king , which sparked a conflict as the latter began assaulting Gelug monasteries . Chen writes of the speculation over the fourth Dalai Lama 's mysterious death and the plot of the Ü-Tsang king to have him murdered for `` cursing '' him with illness , although Chen writes that the murder was most likely the result of a feudal power struggle . , the Gelug and the Karma Kargyu went to war , the Karma Kargyu supported by the secular Ü-Tsang king . The Ü-Tsang ruler had a large number of Gelugpa lamas killed , occupied their monasteries at Drepung and Sera , and outlawed any attempts to find another Dalai Lama . , the Ü-Tsang king died and was succeeded by his young son Karma Tenkyong . Despite the new Dalai Lama 's diplomatic efforts to maintain friendly relations with the new Ü-Tsang ruler , the Dalai Lama 's chief steward and treasurer at Drepung , made efforts to overthrow the Ü-Tsang king , which led to another conflict . , the Gelugpas and several thousand Mongol adherents defeated the Ü-Tsang king 's troops near Lhasa before a peaceful negotiation was settled . Goldstein writes that in this the `` Mongols were again playing a significant role in Tibetan affairs , this time as the military arm of the Dalai Lama . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Prince renben fall?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When were the Rinbung princes overthrown?"
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          "context": "In 2004 , the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street , connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown . Since then , bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave , Elm St , Dixwell Avenue , Water Street , Clinton Avenue and State Street . The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven , including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane . A bike map of the city entire can be seen here , and bike maps broken down by area here . , bicycle lanes have also been added in both directions on Dixwell Avenue along most of the street from downtown to the Hamden town line , as well as along Howard Avenue from Yale New Haven Hospital to City Point .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572baff7f75d5e190021fe9c_s",
              "question": "When was New Haven's first bicycle lane built?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first bicycle lane created in New Haven? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6954_s",
          "context": ", held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building . , were laid ; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern market?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1881",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8142_s",
          "context": ", Claridge 's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam , with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. . Two products resulted , namely Clarmac , and Clarphalte , with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge 's Patent Asphalte Co. , although Clarmac was more widely used . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- However , the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company , which entered into liquidation in 1915 . The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge 's Company , which was itself compulsorily wound up , having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture , both at the outset , and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Claridge liquidate the company?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1915",
                  "answer_start": 498
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Claridge's company liquidate?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1306_s",
          "context": "There were 13 finalists this season , but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals . A new feature introduced was the `` Judges ' Save '' , and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes . The next week .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cc_s",
              "question": "Who was the first candidate to benefit from the judge rescue plan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matt Giraud",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18652_s",
          "context": ", which was nominated for several Oscars . Robin Williams played the physician ; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic -LRB- frozen -RRB- state . The home of Williams ' character was shot not far from Sacks ' actual City Island residence . , a 1985 play by Harold Pinter , were also based on Sacks ' book .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326d2f0fdd8d15006c6ad4_s",
              "question": "When did Alaska perform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 274
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'A Kind of Alaska' performed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8154_s",
          "context": "In 1897 , Victoria had written instructions for her funeral , which was to be military as befitting a soldier 's daughter and the head of the army , and white instead of black . , Edward VII , the Kaiser and Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught , helped lift her body into the coffin . She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil . An array of mementos commemorating her extended family , friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her , at her request , by her doctor and dressers . One of Albert 's dressing gowns was placed by her side , with a plaster cast of his hand , while a lock of John Brown 's hair , along with a picture of him , was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers . Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown 's mother . , in St George 's Chapel , Windsor Castle , she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park . As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum , it began to snow .",
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              "id": "5723d384f6b826140030fc9e_s",
              "question": "When did Queen Victoria die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1897",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Queen Victoria die?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15003_s",
          "context": "After Kerry 's third qualifying wound , he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties . Kerry 's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston , New York or Washington , he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service , Rear Admiral Walter Schlech . He continued to serve in the Naval Reserve until February 1978 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Kerry leave the Marine Corps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1978",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry leave the Naval Reserve?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14403_s",
          "context": "The rival of Takeda Shingen -LRB- 1521 , a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the `` way of the warrior as death '' . Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi 's beliefs as : `` Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors ... . Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory , and you will come home with no wounds whatever . Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive ; wish to survive in the battle and you will surely meet death . When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely ; when you have any thought of returning you will not return . You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change , but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking , for his fate is always determined . ''",
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              "question": "When was Takeda born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1521",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Takeda born?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14160_s",
          "context": "By the end of the 12th century , Paris had become the political , economic , religious , and cultural capital of France . In 1163 , Maurice de Sully , bishop of Paris . , a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology , and later in canon law , medicine and the arts .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of the Cathedral of Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maurice de Sully",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral?"
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7107_s",
          "context": "The Macintosh -LRB- / ˈmækᵻntɒʃ / MAK-in-tosh ; branded as Mac since 1997 -RRB- is a series of personal computers -LRB- PCs -RRB- designed , developed , and marketed by Apple Inc. . , 1984 . This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse . This first model was later renamed to `` Macintosh 128k '' for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple 's same proprietary architecture . Since 1998 , Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of `` Mac '' , though the product family has been nicknamed `` Mac '' or `` the Mac '' since the development of the first model .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who designs, develops, and sells Macs?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Apple Inc.",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
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              "original_question": "Who designed, develped, and marketed the Mac computers?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7342_s",
          "context": "At the Battle of Mars-la-Tours , commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow , conducted a charge against a French artillery battery . The attack was a costly success and came to be known as `` von Bredow 's Death Ride '' , which was held to prove that cavalry charges could still prevail on the battlefield . Use of traditional cavalry on the battlefields of 1914 proved to be disastrous , due to accurate , long-range rifle fire , machine-guns and artillery . Von Bredow 's attack had succeeded only because of an unusually effective artillery bombardment just before the charge , along with favorable terrain that masked his approach .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "570d4c0efed7b91900d45e27_s",
              "question": "Who commands the Prussian 12 cavalry brigade?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "General Adalbert von Bredow",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the Prussian 12 Cavalry Brigade?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11150_s",
          "context": "The war opened in the Balkans when Russian troops occupied provinces in modern Romania and began to cross the Danube . Led by Omar Pasha , the Ottomans fought a strong defensive battle and stopped the advance at Silistra . A separate action on the fort town of Kars in eastern Turkey led to a siege , and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop . Fearing an Ottoman collapse , France and the UK rushed forces to Gallipoli . They then moved north to Varna in June , arriving just in time for the Russians to abandon Silistra . Aside from a minor skirmish at Constanța there was little for the allies to do . , the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible '' .",
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              "id": "5726b245dd62a815002e8d26_s",
              "question": "Who led the Ottoman Empire?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Omar Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
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              "original_question": "Who were the Ottomans led by?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18370_s",
          "context": "The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil . It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília . As the seat of government , the term `` Planalto '' is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government . The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palácio do Planalto . The President and his or her family do not live in it , rather in the official residence . Besides the President , senior advisors also have offices in the `` Planalto , '' including the Vice-President of Brazil and the Chief of Staff . The other Ministries are along the Esplanada dos Ministérios . The architect of the Palácio do Planalto was Oscar Niemeyer , creator of most of the important buildings in Brasília . The idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose the columns and exterior structures . The Palace is four stories high , and has an area of 36,000 m2 . Four other adjacent buildings are also part of the complex .",
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              "id": "5731e3480fdd8d15006c6608_s",
              "question": "Who designed it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oscar Niemeyer",
                  "answer_start": 691
                }
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              "original_question": "Who designed the Planalto?"
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          "context": "On leaving the University of Oxford , in 1676 . , in the Longwood district .",
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              "id": "56e031357aa994140058e338_s",
              "question": "Where is the telescope?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Longwood district",
                  "answer_start": 57
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              "original_question": "What district is the telescope set up in?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8800_s",
          "context": "Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII . These young women were known as débutantes , and the occasion -- termed their `` coming out '' -- represented their first entrée into society . Débutantes wore full court dress , with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair . They entered , curtsied , and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy , while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length . -LRB- The ceremony , known as an evening court . -RRB- After World War II , the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions , usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress .",
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            {
              "id": "5725ee8a38643c19005acebb_s",
              "question": "Who authorized the court performance of young noble women?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward VII",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4220_s",
          "context": "The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries . Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs , while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs . The religious borders are largely comparable to the East . The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are Orthodox , followed by Catholic , while a small minority are Protestant . There are minor Slavic Muslim groups . Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp ; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups the vast majority of religious people share the same religion . Some Slavs are atheist or agnostic .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56f74604aef2371900625a89_s",
              "question": "When were the heathen Slavs christened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "between the 6th and 10th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 48
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              "original_question": "When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?"
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          "context": "The final showdown was between Justin Guarini , one of the early favorites , and Kelly Clarkson . Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender , but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds , and eventually won the crown on September 4 , 2002 .",
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              "question": "Who is Kelly Clarkson's runner?",
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                {
                  "text": "Justin Guarini",
                  "answer_start": 31
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          "context": "With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon -LRB- 1479 -RRB- , the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious . , Catalan literature experienced a decline , the language came under the influence of Spanish , and the urban and literary classes became bilingual .",
          "c_entity": [
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                  "text": "1479",
                  "answer_start": 58
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              "original_question": "When were Castille and Aragon united?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8411_s",
          "context": "Medicine , which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition , saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos , who theorized that blood traveled through the veins . Herophilos -LRB- 335 -- 280 BC -RRB- was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body , animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system , liver and other key organs . 250 -RRB- , a new medical sect emerged , the Empiric school , which was based on strict observation and rejected unseen causes of the Dogmatic school .",
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              "question": "Who knows that blood flows through blood vessels?",
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                  "text": "Praxagoras of Kos",
                  "answer_start": 85
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              "original_question": "Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8094_s",
          "context": ", and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus . -- 84 -RRB- initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria . Two factions developed within Syria : the Confederation of Qays , and the Quda'a , who supported Marwan , a descendant of Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah . , near Damascus , in 684 , and Marwan became caliph shortly thereafter .",
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            {
              "id": "571aa35110f8ca140030521a_s",
              "question": "Who is Marwan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "From whom was Marwan descended?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9611_s",
          "context": ", in New Zealand 's most populous city , Auckland , Wellington , Christchurch . These offer high-end and luxury items . Additionally . H & J Smith is a small chain operating throughout Southland with a large flagship store in Invercargill . Farmers is a mid-range national chain of stores -LRB- originally a mail-order firm known as Laidlaw Leeds founded in 1909 -RRB- . Historical department stores include DIC . Discount chains include The Warehouse , Kmart Australia , and the now-defunct DEKA .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572671565951b619008f72cb_s",
              "question": "When was ledrau Leeds founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Laidlaw Leeds first established? "
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        {
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          "context": "Walpole always denied that he was `` prime minister '' . George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch , but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary . , combined with the mental illness of George III , consolidated the power of the post . The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1801",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd2d7d9a695914005b9534_s",
              "question": "When was the prime minister's position officially established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1905",
                  "answer_start": 562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10548_s",
          "context": "With the financial expansion , trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite . Towns saw the growing power of guilds , while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades , like the English wool Staple . The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate immense wealth . , and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings , and achieve great political influence in the process .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57274a76708984140094dbce_s",
              "question": "Where did yakkul come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "France",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Jacques Couer from?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12242_s",
          "context": "Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus : `` This darkness Thallus , in the third book of his History , calls , as appears to me without reason , an eclipse of the sun . For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon , and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover . '' Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives .",
          "c_entity": [
            "roman",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572794e2dd62a815002ea11e_s",
              "question": "Where are these events recorded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Roman archives",
                  "answer_start": 426
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were these events documented?"
            }
          ]
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    },
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9743_s",
          "context": "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century . Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government . In the twentieth century , some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement , including the World Council of Churches . Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions , especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches . Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches , such as Congregationalists , Lutherans , Anglicans , and Methodists .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
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            {
              "id": "57265787dd62a815002e8222_s",
              "question": "Where do most Presbyterian churches bring their history back?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scotland",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do most presbyterian churches trace their history back to?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14050_s",
          "context": "At least a few insects have nociceptors, cells that detect and transmit sensations of pain. This was discovered in 2003 by studying the variation in reactions of larvae of the common fruitfly Drosophila to the touch of a heated probe and an unheated one. The larvae reacted to the touch of the heated probe with a stereotypical rolling behavior that was not exhibited when the larvae were touched by the unheated probe. Although nociception has been demonstrated in insects, there is no consensus that insects feel pain consciously",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293e7c1d046914007791e1_s",
              "question": "When was the nocturnal receptor discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were nociceptors discovered?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1680_s",
          "context": ", Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent -LRB- Belgium -RRB- was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome -LRB- Bacteriophage MS2 -RRB- . : Phage Φ-X174 . : The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae . , the first eukaryotic genome was completed . The first genome sequence for an archaeon , Methanococcus jannaschii , was completed in 1996 , again by The Institute for Genomic Research .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dc575814d3a41400c267e5_s",
              "question": "When was the archaeological genome sequenced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 409
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18253_s",
          "context": "Others , believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers , which did not include establishing a national religion . Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions . However , the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64d0_s",
              "question": "Where does congressman Thomas Tucker come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "South Carolina",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12256_s",
          "context": "Black labor played a crucial role in Miami 's early development . During the beginning of the 20th century , migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city 's population . Whatever their role in the city 's growth , their community 's growth was limited to a small space . When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans in neighborhoods close to Avenue J -LRB- what would later become NW Fifth Avenue -RRB- , a gang of white man with torches visited the renting families and warned them to move or be bombed .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a710827b69114009ef5c2_s",
              "question": "Where did some of Miami's black immigrants go in the early 19th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bahamas",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did a portion of Miami's black population migrate from in the early 1900s?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13372_s",
          "context": "On 12 January 1953 , he was appointed Patriarch of Venice and , accordingly . On 15 March 1953 , he took possession of his new diocese in Venice . As a sign of his esteem , the President of France , Vincent Auriol . It was around this time that he .",
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              "question": "Who was the president of France in 1953?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vincent Auriol",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the President of France in 1953?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17151_s",
          "context": ", when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate . On the pretext of restoring order . During World War I , the British occupied much of Western Iran , and fully withdrew in 1921 . The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion , as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I . As a result of Ottoman hostilities across the border , a large amount of the Assyrians of Iran were massacred by the Ottoman armies , notably in and around Urmia . Apart from the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan .",
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            {
              "id": "57301248b2c2fd14005687ee_s",
              "question": "When did Britain retreat from the first World War to occupy western Iran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1921",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8561_s",
          "context": ". The journal 's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research , drawing from fields such as history , literature , economics , philosophy , and art . Founded in 2008 , the journal features articles by professors , law students , practitioners , and undergraduates . The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost .",
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              "id": "572807ba4b864d190016428b_s",
              "question": "Who funded the northwest interdisciplinary legal review?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4985_s",
          "context": ". Tan Zhenlin -LRB- term 1949-1952 -RRB- , the inaugural Party Secretary . Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level . , China 's top anti-corruption body . Of Zhejiang 's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949 , none were native to the province .",
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            {
              "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a82_s",
              "question": "Who is the Secretary of Zhenjiang municipal Party committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tan Zhenlin",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10812_s",
          "context": "Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker . Urale 's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996 . Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival . The feature film Siones Wedding , was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia . The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film , shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story . , it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dd33f1498d1400e8edbe_s",
              "question": "Who made the movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sima Urale",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the film O Tamaiti?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4622_s",
          "context": ". By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17759_s",
              "question": "When did Swiss climbers climb most of the mountains?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-1850s",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6182_s",
          "context": "When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase , it credits the seller 's reserve account -LRB- with the Federal Reserve -RRB- . This money is not transferred from any existing funds -- it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money . Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from their reserve account at the Federal Reserve . To fulfill those requests .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709b61eed30961900e84444_s",
              "question": "Who can create a \"new high-performance currency\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal Reserve",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can create \"new high-powered money\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7273_s",
          "context": ", top civil officials were no longer elected , but instead were appointed directly from Madrid , the king 's court city , the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats . , which served as a barracks until 1762 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "castile",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d6f53fed7b91900d460f8_s",
              "question": "Where did Valencia officials come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madrid",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where were Valencia's officials chosen?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1992_s",
          "context": "There is disagreement about the origin of the term , but general consensus that `` cardinalis '' from the word cardo -LRB- meaning ` pivot ' or ` hinge ' -RRB- was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained . In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century , when the word began to mean `` principal , '' `` eminent , '' or `` superior . '' The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the `` title '' churches -LRB- the parish churches -RRB- of Rome and to the bishops of the seven sees surrounding the city . By the 8th century the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy . They took part in the administration of the church of Rome and in the papal liturgy . By decree of a synod of 769 , only a cardinal was eligible to become pope . In 1059 , during the pontificate of Nicholas II , cardinals were given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini . For a time this power was assigned exclusively to the cardinal bishops . Cardinals were granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde75466d3e219004dadc7_s",
              "question": "Who gave the Cardinals the right to vote under the Pope's bull in the name of Dominic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas II",
                  "answer_start": 1001
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9871_s",
          "context": ", the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland , which established a settlement in 1698 on the isthmus of Panama . Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada , and afflicted by malaria . The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland -- and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire . The episode also had major political consequences , persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries , rather than just crowns . , establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572668aef1498d1400e8deb9_s",
              "question": "When was Panama colonized by Scotland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1698",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Panama colonized by Scotland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7894_s",
          "context": ", who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop . , the whole Catholic population surrounded the church , holding up their hands to Heaven and crying ; `` Give us Athanasius ! '' The Bishops had nothing better . Athanasius was thus elected .",
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            {
              "id": "571ae11032177014007e9f79_s",
              "question": "Who wants the people of Alexandria to be his bishop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Give us Athanasius",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Alexandrian people want to be their Bishop?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3112_s",
          "context": "Other Christian denominations on the island include , Baptist -LRB- since 1845 -RRB- and , in more recent times , New Apostolic and Jehovah 's Witnesses -LRB- of which one in 35 residents is a member , the highest ratio of any country -RRB- . The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f5_s",
              "question": "When did the Baptists come to the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1845",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Baptists come to the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14273_s",
          "context": ". He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae , and that the seer 's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state . The story indicates that Epimenides was probably heir to the shamanic religions of Asia , and proves , together with the Homeric hymn , that Crete had a resisting religion up to historical times . It seems that these rituals were dormant in Greece .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d5a4ff5b5019007da7ca_s",
              "question": "Who is the creed SEER who purified Athens after the pollution caused by alcminonik?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Epimenides",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Cretan seer that purified Athen after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-879_s",
          "context": "Similar organizations in other countries followed , and many others subsequently . The majority of these were evolutionist . One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology -LRB- 1869 -RRB- founded by Rudolph Virchow , known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists . Not religious himself , he insisted that Darwin 's conclusions lacked empirical foundation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ac79d058e614000b6004_s",
              "question": "When did Rudolph vissau establish the Berlin Anthropological Society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1869",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom , George III . Until 1817 , was the only legitimate grandchild of George III . , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
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            "carl"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723fd980ba9f01400d97b06_s",
              "question": "Who was the king of England before 1817?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George III",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the reigning King of the United Kingdom until 1817?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5491_s",
          "context": "After 14 years as editor , William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership . One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures . In March -- May 1982 , following agreement with print unions . However , direct input of text by journalists -LRB- `` single stroke '' input -RRB- was still not achieved , and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986 .",
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            {
              "id": "5705fed175f01819005e784a_s",
              "question": "Who resigned as editor when the times was acquired in 1982?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Rees-Mogg",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11693_s",
          "context": "The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets , akin to -- and influenced in style by -- the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys . The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices ' small screens ; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics . The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation , Digimon Adventure , and an early video game , Digimon World . Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired , and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing , racing , fighting , and MMORPGs . Other media forms have also been released .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727456add62a815002e9a46_s",
              "question": "When did Digimon show up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Digimon first appear?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18549_s",
          "context": "In the general election , against the advice of his advisors , Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South , refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party . The campaign strategy , dubbed `` K1C2 '' , Communism and corruption . In an effort to accommodate the right ; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman .",
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            {
              "id": "57325772b9d445190005ea5f_s",
              "question": "Where in the United States has Eisenhower's campaign been ignored by Republican presidential candidates?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "South",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what part of the country, previously neglected by Republican presidential candidates, did Eisenhower campaign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17147_s",
          "context": "In 1729 , Nader Shah , a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan , successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders . He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran . During the reign of Nader Shah , Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire , as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia , and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300a34b2c2fd1400568795_s",
              "question": "Where is mount Nader from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Khorasan",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Nader Shan from?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15437_s",
          "context": "On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. In response to international calls, on 24 October Jibril announced that a commission would investigate Gaddafi's death. On 25 October, the NTC announced that Gaddafi had been buried at an unidentified location in the desert; Al Aan TV showed amateur video footage of the funeral. Seeking vengeance for the killing, Gaddafist sympathisers fatally wounded one of those who had captured Gaddafi, Omran Shaaban, near Bani Walid in September 2012.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc048_s",
              "question": "Where was OLAM Saban killed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bani Walid",
                  "answer_start": 733
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Near what town was Oran Shaaban killed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14941_s",
          "context": ", Philadelphia had become known as `` corrupt and contented '' , with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine . The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one . , in post-World War I unrest , as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs . , the public flouting of Prohibition laws , mob violence , and police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brigadier General Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as director of public safety , but political pressure prevented any long-term success in fighting crime and corruption .",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 1919",
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            {
              "id": "572a9f8af75d5e190021fbb8_s",
              "question": "When did the first major political reform take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first major political reform occur?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14350_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , IBM launched Secure Blue , encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors . , IBM unveiled Project Big Green . , IBM 's CEO , Sam Palmisano , during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations , outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet . , IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet . , as part of its effort in cognitive computing , IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses . These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture , and they consume less memory and power .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729d6d76aef0514001550b1_s",
              "question": "When was safety blue launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Secure Blue was launched in what year?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7239_s",
          "context": ". , and its humanistic ideals influenced such men as Gregory Maians and Perez Bayer in Valencia , who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time . In this atmosphere of the exaltation of ideas the Economic Society of Friends of the Country -LRB- Societat Econòmica d'Amics del País -RRB- was founded in 1776 ; it introduced numerous improvements in agriculture and industry and promoted various cultural , civic , and economic institutions in Valencia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "economic society of friends of the country",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3bd1fed7b91900d45d67_s",
              "question": "When was the friend Economic Association founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1776",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Economic Society of Friends created?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9125_s",
          "context": "The following era was marked by instability . Because the term `` Greeks '' in the exchange was based on religion Cappadocian Greeks , Pontian Greeks , and non Greek followers of Greek Orthodoxy were all subject to the exchange as well . Many of these refugees could n't even speak the language , and were from alien environments , such as the case of the non Greeks and Cappadocians . The refugees also made a dramatic post war population boost . The task was undertaken by settling the Pontians and Cappadocians in the Macedonian mountains , where they would adapt better , and settling the Demotic speakers and non Greeks in the Greek Isles and cities , where they were already adapted to .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57264659708984140094c11f_s",
              "question": "Where are the residents of Greek speaking refugees?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Greek Isles and cities",
                  "answer_start": 632
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Demotic speaking Greek refugees were placed where?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1122_s",
          "context": "While he searched for enlightenment . -LSB- dubious , one without egotism . -LSB- dubious , compassion , joy , and equanimity -LSB- full citation needed -RSB- are also known as brahmaviharas , divine abodes , or simply as four immeasurables . -LSB- web 5 -RSB- Pema Chödrön calls them the `` four limitless ones '' . Of the four , mettā or loving-kindness meditation is perhaps the best known . -LSB- web 5 -RSB- The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates `` wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings . '' -LSB- web 6 -RSB- -LSB- web 7 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "pema chödrön",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902282_s",
              "question": "Who calls these four immeasurable spirits \"four boundless\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pema Chödrön",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who calls the four immeasurable minds \"four limitless ones\"?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-93_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , Authors , and Publishers Pop Music Awards . , `` Grillz '' and `` Check on It '' -RRB- in the same year . She is tied with American songwriter Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles . -LRB- The latter wrote her 9/11-motivated song `` I Was Here '' for 4 . -RRB- In May 2011 , for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . She was one of only three women on that list .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mariah carey",
            "american society of composers",
            "carole king",
            "beyoncé",
            "diane warren"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d4_s",
              "question": "Who has as many singles points as Beyonce?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Diane Warren",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Beyonce has the same number of writing credits on number one singles as whom?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18033_s",
          "context": ", is an early figural example ; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC . Mythological subjects , or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy , were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design , with strongly emphasized borders . Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name , describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl . Both of these themes were widely copied .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tiryns",
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            "pergamon",
            "aegae",
            "albania"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57313c1205b4da19006bcf04_s",
              "question": "Where is the famous sossos artist from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pergamon",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The famous artists Sosus was from what area?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11620_s",
          "context": ". , Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire . With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries , a period of Muslim scholarship , known as the Islamic Golden Age , lasted until the 13th century . This scholarship was aided by several factors . The use of a single language , Arabic , allowed communication without need of a translator . Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire , along with Indian sources of learning , provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e7cdff5b5019007d9805_s",
              "question": "Where does Greek philosophy get support?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arab Empire",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was support found for Greek philosophy?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15327_s",
          "context": ", disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the `` descents '' , obtained commissions in that army . The elderly General Bligh was appointed to command a new `` descent '' . The campaign began propitiously with the Raid on Cherbourg . Covered by naval bombardment , the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing , captured Cherbourg , and destroyed its fortifications , docks , and shipping .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edbf7c246551400ce4741_s",
              "question": "Who led the invasion forces?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The elderly General Bligh",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the invasion troops?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8700_s",
          "context": "Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966 . After losing two League Cup finals , they won their first European trophy -- 70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . This was followed by an even greater triumph -- 71 . -- 73 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d32f271a42140099d267_s",
              "question": "When did Bertie Mi become the manager of Arsenal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17280_s",
          "context": "Liberia is divided into fifteen counties , which , in turn , are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans . The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado , both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence . Gbarpolu is the newest county . Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 11,551 km2 -LRB- 4,460 sq mi -RRB- , while Montserrado is the smallest at 1,909 km2 -LRB- 737 sq mi -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573021a304bcaa1900d771ea_s",
              "question": "When was great Barcelona founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1839",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Grand Bassa founded?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5846_s",
          "context": ", although in a modified form . The first person elected under the new constitution of 1825 was Simón Elías Gonzalez , who being in Sonora , was induced to remain there . In 1829 , when his term of office on the west coast expired . Although unable to resist the popular demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards , he soon quarreled with the legislature , and announcing his support of Bustamante 's revolution , he suspended , in March 1830 , eight members of that body , the vice-governor , and several other officials , and expelled them from the state . The course thus outlined was followed by Governor José Isidro Madero , who succeeded in 1830 , associated with J. J. Calvo as general commander , stringent laws being issued against secret societies , which were supposed to be the main spring to the anti-clerical feeling among liberals .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570713ba9e06ca38007e93a6_s",
              "question": "Where was Gonzalez when he was elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sonora",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Gonzalez located when he was elected?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17423_s",
          "context": "The term \"Kievan Rus'\" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia, to distinguish the early polity from successor states, which were also named Rus. Later, the Russian term was rendered into Belarusian and Ukrainian as Кіеўская Русь Kijeŭskaja Rus’ and Ки́ївська Русь Kyivs'ka Rus’, respectively.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5730855c396df91900096176_s",
              "question": "Who translated the word Kiev Ross into English first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vasily Klyuchevsky",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first translated the term Kievan Rus into english from russian?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-746_s",
          "context": ", Truman Capote , known then as Truman Persons . Like Dill , Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories . : both loved to read . , but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp . They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers ; Capote called the two of them `` apart people '' . In 1960 .",
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              "id": "56d128d017492d1400aabace_s",
              "question": "Who is the man dill imitated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman Capote",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the character Dill modeled after?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-479_s",
          "context": "In addition to the principal cast , Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra , Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella . In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico , though they were duplicated in the film , giving the effect of around ten thousand extras .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef3_s",
              "question": "Where is the title scene from ghost?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mexico",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16646_s",
          "context": "Tucson is known for being a trailblazer in voluntary partial publicly financed campaigns . Since 1985 , both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city . To become eligible , council candidates must receive 200 donations of $ 10 or more -LRB- 300 for a mayoral candidate -RRB- . Candidates must then agree to spending limits equal to 33 ¢ for every registered Tucson voter . In return , candidates receive matching funds from the city at a 1:1 ratio of public money to private donations . The only other limitation is that candidates may not exceed 75 % of the limit by the date of the primary . Many cities , such as San Francisco and New York City , have copied this system , albeit with more complex spending and matching formulas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57343f804776f41900661af7_s",
              "question": "When did Tucson begin to provide public funding to city council candidates?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2660_s",
          "context": "The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament . The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote . The Punch Bowl , Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie . The Coleherne public house in Earls Court was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s . It attracted many well-known patrons , such as Freddie Mercury , Kenny Everett and Rudolph Nureyev .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dff2277aa994140058e29b_s",
              "question": "Where is the red lion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Parliament Square",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Red Lion located?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13140_s",
          "context": "The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border . The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line . The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819 . It was then set along the 103rd Meridian . , when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques , it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian . Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819 , and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east . It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error . The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cd373acd2414000decc2_s",
              "question": "When was the boundary between TX and nm established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1819",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the border between TX and NM first determined?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7535_s",
          "context": "Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe , Montpellier . These universities , later . Within the natural sciences , anatomy and pharmacology . In other parts of Europe .",
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            {
              "id": "5710a972a58dae1900cd6aee_s",
              "question": "Where are many famous universities connected with advanced enlightenment principles?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northern Europe",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles located?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-20_s",
          "context": ", and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university 's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis . By contrast , the Jesuit colleges , bastions of academic conservatism , were reluctant to move to a system of electives . Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason . Notre Dame continued to grow over the years , adding more colleges , programs , and sports teams . By 1921 . The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338724d058e614000b5ca0_s",
              "question": "Who can't attend any law department at Jesuit college because of the course at Jesuit college?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harvard Law School",
                  "answer_start": 379
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1333_s",
          "context": ", defeating Clark Beckham . By winning . Jax , the third place finalist , also released a single called `` Forcefield '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "clark beckham",
            "nick fradiani"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f78_s",
              "question": "Who is the second in command of idols?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clark Beckham",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the runner up of Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7929_s",
          "context": ". The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province . , as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants . , numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans , with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry . Additionally , according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau . According to a 2012 HistoryLink study .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states census bureau",
            "southeast",
            "asia",
            "guangdong",
            "city",
            "columbia",
            "taiwan",
            "china",
            "hong kong",
            "u.s.",
            "seattle-tacoma"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719fa954faf5e1900b8a863_s",
              "question": "Where did most of China's first immigrants come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Guangdong province",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where in China did most of the first immigrants come?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7608_s",
          "context": ", Prince of Wales , six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse , Burmese . Police later discovered that the shots were blanks . The 17-year-old assailant , Marcus Sarjeant , was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three . The Queen 's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised . From April to September 1982 , the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son , who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War . On 9 July , the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder , in the room with her . Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard . , she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada , one of her Caribbean realms , without informing her .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrew",
            "michael fagan",
            "marcus sarjeant",
            "charles",
            "ronald reagan",
            "lady diana spencer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fb86780d9841400ab3658_s",
              "question": "Who was the attacker who shot Queen Elizabeth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marcus Sarjeant",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12560_s",
          "context": ", the only person of the period to be given the appellation `` Great '' . His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life . , philosopher , astrologer , theologian , spiritual writer , ecumenist , and diplomat . , introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists , such as Plotinus . Indeed , it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself -LRB- 1245 -- 1274 -RRB- that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools .",
          "c_entity": [
            "aristotle",
            "humbert",
            "albertus magnus",
            "thomas aquinas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d8773acd2414000dedf7_s",
              "question": "Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotle's lessons to the Dominican classroom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Aquinas",
                  "answer_start": 392
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotelian curriculum to Dominican classrooms?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9120_s",
          "context": ", three Great Powers , Russia , the United Kingdom and France , decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece . Following news that combined Ottoman -- Egyptian fleets were going to attack the Greek island of Hydra , the allied fleet intercepted the Ottoman -- Egyptian fleet at Navarino . After a week-long standoff , a battle began which resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman -- Egyptian fleet . A French expeditionary force was dispatched to supervise the evacuation of the Egyptian army from the Peloponnese . , the nascent Greek state was finally recognized under the London Protocol in 1830 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "years",
            "1828",
            "1830"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263f6189a1e219009ac5d5_s",
              "question": "When did recognition of the Greek state take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 626
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The recognition of a Greek state happened in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13463_s",
          "context": ". The civil service which is supported by the federal , provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city 's labour force and to the stability of its economy , which supports a sizable retail , service and business sector . The provincial government is the largest employer in the city , followed by Memorial University . With the collapse of the fishing industry in Newfoundland and Labrador in the 1990s , the role of the ocean is now tied to what lies beneath it -- oil and gas -- as opposed to what swims in or travels across it . Three major offshore oil developments , are in production off the coast of the city and a fourth development , Hebron , is expected to be producing oil by 2017 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "world energy cities",
            "suncor energy",
            "statoil",
            "white rose",
            "chevron",
            "husky energy",
            "terra nova",
            "memorial university",
            "john",
            "exxonmobil canada",
            "hibernia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281ecd2ca10214002d9e44_s",
              "question": "Who is the second largest employer in the city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Memorial University",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the second largest employer in the city?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1484_s",
          "context": "India : Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests , the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km -LRB- less than 1.5 miles -RRB- , which was shared amongst 70 runners . The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay . A total of five intended torchbearers - Kiran Bedi , Soha Ali Khan , Sachin Tendulkar , Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar - withdrew from the event , citing `` personal reasons '' , or , in Bhutia 's case . Indian national football captain , Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay , citing concerns over Tibet . Bhutia , who is Sikkimese , is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch . , and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations '' . Rahul Gandhi , son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family , also refused to carry the torch .",
          "c_entity": [
            "china",
            "gate",
            "prc",
            "new delhi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db2f9be7c41114004b4ef9_s",
              "question": "Where was the torch relay held in India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Delhi",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the torch relay happen in India?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3648_s",
          "context": "Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years ; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand , the Carpenters , artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format , Phil Collins . However , adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre , with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barry manilow",
            "dionne warwick",
            "john denver",
            "george michael",
            "olivia newton-john",
            "bonnie tyler",
            "richard marx",
            "laura branigan",
            "ac radio",
            "michael jackson",
            "phil collins",
            "mtv",
            "allmusic"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6cac0de9d37140006804d_s",
              "question": "Who has described allmusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the 1980s and beyond\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phil Collins",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Allmusic refer to as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-448_s",
          "context": ", yet connected , worlds . In A Link to the Past , Link travels between a `` Light World '' and a `` Dark World '' ; in Ocarina of Time , as well as in Oracle of Ages , Link travels between two different time periods . It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf , much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past . When he returned , he found the Twilight Princess team struggling . Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link 's character unbelievable . , which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS . At the same time , the Wii was under development with the code name `` Revolution '' . Miyamoto thought that the Revolution 's pointing device , the Wii Remote , was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda . -LSB- n -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "mitsuhiro takano",
            "zelda",
            "miyamoto",
            "aonuma",
            "takayuki ikkaku"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd976762d2951400fa6764_s",
              "question": "Who recommends using the Wii Remote Control in the Twilight Princess control program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Miyamoto",
                  "answer_start": 680
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1548_s",
          "context": "The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead . However , many details of Whitehead 's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass ; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death . Additionally , Whitehead was known for his `` almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy '' , and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life . This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead 's biography , `` No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "victor lowe",
            "whitehead"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302ae6b2c2fd14005689c0_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Whitehead's biography?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Victor Lowe",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13435_s",
          "context": "In contrast to the Fed . In these facilities , bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions : repurchase agreements , or collateralised loans . These two transactions are similar , i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans , the difference being of legal nature .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281a83ff5b5019007d9d57_s",
              "question": "Who buys bonds instead of using them in reverse trading?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Fed",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who buys the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9443_s",
          "context": "Mexico City has three zoos . Chapultepec Zoo , the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo . Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo . It was opened in 1924 . Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos , giant panda , gorillas , caracal , hyena , hippos , jaguar , giraffe , lemur , lion , among others . Zoo San Juan de Aragon is near the San Juan de Aragon Park in the Gustavo A. Madero . In this zoo , there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf . Other guests are the golden eagle , pronghorn , bighorn sheep , caracara , zebras , African elephant , macaw , hippo , among others . Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre -LRB- 11.2 ha -RRB- zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan . It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the Mexico City . You can admire eagles , ajolotes , coyotes , macaws , bobcats , Mexican wolves , raccoons , mountain lions , teporingos , foxes , white-tailed deer .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1964",
            "1924",
            "february 2, 1999"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572742e2708984140094db8a_s",
              "question": "When was the chapterpeck zoo open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5603_s",
          "context": "Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.",
          "c_entity": [
            "autumn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705fae575f01819005e7818_s",
              "question": "When do flindilla cows migrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "autumn",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1493_s",
          "context": "Following the events in Olympia . Australian authorities stated that such a request , if it were to be made , would be refused . Chinese officials labeled it a rumor . Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators . , has said the ACCO would be taking `` thousands '' of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus , to support the torch relay . , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to `` turn up and put a point of view '' , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhang rongan",
            "chinese students and scholars association",
            "australian council of chinese organisations",
            "tony goh",
            "people's liberation army",
            "stephen smith",
            "chinese australian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f71_s",
              "question": "Who is the foreign minister, hinting that Chinese officials want to support the protesters in expressing their views?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stephen Smith",
                  "answer_start": 661
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11705_s",
          "context": "Three and a quarter years after the end of the fifth series , its official name of the series revealed in the June issue of Shueisha 's V Jump magazine being Digimon Xros Wars . It began airing in Japan on TV Asahi from July 6 , 2010 onwards . Reverting to the design style of the first four series as well as the plot taking on the younger , lighter tone present in series one , two and four throughout the story . , along with his friends . Wielding a digivice known as a Fusion Loader -LRB- Xros Loader in Japan -RRB- , using a technique known as ` DigiFuse ' -LRB- Digi-Xros in Japan -RRB- . Forming Team Fusion Fighters -LRB- Team Xros Heart in Japan -RRB- , and Midnight . The Fusion Fighters also finds themselves at odds with Blue Flare . The second arc of Xros Wars was subtitled The Evil Death Generals and the Seven Kingdoms . A new evolution known as Super Digivolution was introduced at the end of the first arc . , 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "blue flare",
            "mikey kudō",
            "shoutmon",
            "bandai",
            "bagramon",
            "angie",
            "saban brands",
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            "axeknightmon",
            "bagra army",
            "nene",
            "taiki kudo",
            "nickelodeon",
            "christopher aonuma",
            "digital world",
            "kiriha anouma",
            "digimon",
            "yuu",
            "jeremy",
            "zenjiro"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a2d423f37b31900478776_s",
              "question": "Who is the fusion fighter fighting with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Blue Flare",
                  "answer_start": 734
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Fusion fighters find themselves in battle with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9907_s",
          "context": "The British Mandate of Palestine , where an Arab majority lived alongside a Jewish minority . The matter was complicated by large numbers of Jewish refugees seeking to be admitted to Palestine following the Holocaust , while Arabs were opposed to the creation of a Jewish state . Frustrated by the intractability of the problem , attacks by Jewish paramilitary organisations and the increasing cost of maintaining its military presence . The UN General Assembly subsequently voted for a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
            "palestine",
            "britain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268a62dd62a815002e88b9_s",
              "question": "Where do many Jewish refugees want to go because of the massacre?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palestine",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did many Jewish refugees want to move because of the Holocaust?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2540_s",
          "context": ", where it was first displayed without its aerodynamic nose cone concealing the spherical capsule . The `` Vostok spaceship '' had been first displayed at the July 1961 Tushino air show , mounted on its launch vehicle 's third stage , with the nose cone in place . A tail section with eight fins was also added , in an apparent attempt to confuse western observers . This spurious tail section also appeared on official commemorative stamps and a documentary .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f6c27aa994140058e83d_s",
              "question": "When was the Vostok first shown to the public?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1961 Tushino air show",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13816_s",
          "context": "Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government , believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army . Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia `` People 's Self-Defence '' units in front of the XXI Grammar School in Tallinn on 21 June . As the Red Army brought in additional reinforcements supported by six armoured fighting vehicles . Finally the military resistance was ended with negotiations and the Independent Signal Battalion surrendered and was disarmed . There were two dead Estonian servicemen , Aleksei Männikus and Johannes Mandre , and several wounded on the Estonian side and about ten killed and more wounded on the Soviet side .",
          "c_entity": [
            "several hours",
            "21 june"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728abc13acd2414000dfc9c_s",
              "question": "When did the Estonian independent signal battalion begin to oppose the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 June",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion face off against the Soviets?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3440_s",
          "context": "In English . It is attested a language name since at least 1652 . Catalan can be pronounced as / ˈkætəlæn / , / kætəˈlæn / or / ˈkætələn / .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 15th century",
            "1652",
            "the mid 14th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11807cd28a01900c67591_s",
              "question": "When was the word used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1652",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since what year has this term been used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3212_s",
          "context": ", the vacuum flask . He produced solid hydrogen the next year . Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey . Heavy water , which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen , was discovered by Urey 's group in 1932 . , an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806 . The Döbereiner 's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paul harteck",
            "ernest rutherford",
            "françois isaac de rivaz",
            "harold urey",
            "mark oliphant",
            "james dewar",
            "edward daniel clarke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678e0_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to find deuterium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harold Urey",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first to discover deuterium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8148_s",
          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1840",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57257a9769ff041400e58df8_s",
              "question": "When did Prince Albert die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prince Albert die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11926_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled `` Baptist '' back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . , the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South . , as did the preachers ' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery . Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 19th century",
            "the mid-18th century",
            "the 18th-century",
            "1609",
            "1638"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278bfcf1498d1400e8fb8e_s",
              "question": "When was the first church called Baptist persecuted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1609",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the earliest church labeled \"Baptist\" traced to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4613_s",
          "context": "The formation of the Alps -LRB- the Alpine orogeny -RRB- was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago . In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate ; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period . The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt , from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia . The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process , caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about 300 million years ago",
            "present"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f87d46aef23719006260fa_s",
              "question": "When did the Alps begin to form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "about 300 million years ago",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the formation of the alps began?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13225_s",
          "context": "The Hephthalites -LRB- or Ephthalites -RRB- , also known as the White Huns , were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period . Led by the Hun military leader Toramana . Toramana 's son Mihirakula , a Saivite Hindu . Hiuen Tsiang narrates Mihirakula 's merciless persecution of Buddhists and destruction of monasteries , though the description is disputed as far as the authenticity is concerned . Some of them were driven out of India and others were assimilated in the Indian society .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pataliputra",
            "afghanistan",
            "north",
            "narasimhagupta",
            "asia",
            "pakistan",
            "malwa",
            "gwalior"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728750eff5b5019007da252_s",
              "question": "Where is the white hen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Central Asia",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the White Huns roam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2299_s",
          "context": ": `` Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines '' . , it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems . , and starred in The Last Stand -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , his first leading role in 10 years , and Escape Plan -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone . He starred in Sabotage , and appeared in The Expendables 3 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 2014",
            "may 20, 2011",
            "2012",
            "july 11, 2011",
            "august 2014",
            "10 years",
            "2015",
            "currently",
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de924b4396321400ee2a26_s",
              "question": "When did Schwarzenegger take the lead for the first time in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 years",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "2013's The Last Stand marked Schwarzenegger's first starring role in how long?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1548_s",
          "context": "The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead . However , many details of Whitehead 's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass ; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death . Additionally , Whitehead was known for his `` almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy '' , and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life . This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead 's biography , `` No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "victor lowe",
            "whitehead"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57332015d058e614000b570e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Whitehead's biography and is considered the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Victor Lowe",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11418_s",
          "context": "Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f649dd62a815002e965f_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria improve its university education?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "After the 1970s oil boom",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria improve its tertiary education?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5344_s",
          "context": "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine . The differential analyser , a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms , the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william thomson",
            "kelvin",
            "james thomson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c0c_s",
              "question": "Who is James Thomson's brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Kelvin",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "James Thomson was the brother of what famous figure?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9849_s",
          "context": "Marvel held its own comic book convention , Marvelcon ' 75 , in spring 1975 . At the 1975 event , Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby , the artist co-creator of most of Marvel 's signature characters . , Marvel , which already licensed reprints in different countries , including the UK , created a superhero specifically for the British market . Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK , and later appeared in American comics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "spring 1975",
            "october 1976",
            "1970"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684dd708984140094c8b8_s",
              "question": "When was the first Marvel convention?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "spring 1975",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8117_s",
          "context": "The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans . , the first mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared only in 1868 , when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen . , they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa . , the management passed to a French company , which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001",
            "1868",
            "1875",
            "1912",
            "1945",
            "centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b0a5532177014007ea017_s",
              "question": "When was the first asphalt mining report released in Albania?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1868",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the first published reports of bitumen extraction in Albania?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15029_s",
          "context": "On December 15 , 2012 , after Susan Rice , withdrew her name from consideration citing a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her response to the 2012 Benghazi attack . On December 21 . His confirmation hearing took place on January 24 , 2013 , the same panel where he first testified in 1971 . The committee unanimously voted to approve him on January 29 , 2013 -- 3 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barack obama",
            "senate foreign relations committee",
            "susan rice",
            "deval patrick",
            "hillary clinton",
            "kerry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac5ba111d821400f38d56_s",
              "question": "Who retired to Hillary as a lifesaver?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Susan Rice",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who backed out of becoming SoS after Hillary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-218_s",
          "context": "Frédéric François Chopin -LRB- / ˈʃoʊpæn / ; French pronunciation : -LSB- fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃ -RSB- -- 17 October 1849 -RRB- , born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin , -LSB- n 1 -RSB- was a Polish and French -LRB- by citizenship and birth of father -RRB- composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era , who wrote primarily for the solo piano . He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era , whose `` poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation . '' Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw , and grew up in Warsaw . A child prodigy , he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "17 october 1849",
            "less than a month",
            "22 february",
            "1 march 1810",
            "1815",
            "november 1830"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf54a2aab44d1400b89006_s",
              "question": "When did Chopin die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 October 1849",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Chopin die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15426_s",
          "context": "As the 20th century came to a close , Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism , frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals ; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism . From 1997 to 2000 , and in 1999 joined the Community of Sahel-Saharan States . In June 1999 , and the following month attended the OAU summit in Algiers . He became one of the founders of the African Union -LRB- AU -RRB- , initiated in July 2002 to replace the OAU ; at the opening ceremonies , he proclaimed that African states should reject conditional aid from the developed world . At the third AU summit , he called for a greater level of integration , advocating a single AU passport , a common defence system and a single currency , utilising the slogan . '' In June 2005 , and in August 2008 Gaddafi was proclaimed `` King of Kings '' by an assembled committee of traditional African leaders . On 1 February 2009 , coinciding with Gaddafi 's election as AU chairman for a year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "libya",
            "south african",
            "ethiopia",
            "community of sahel-saharan states",
            "mandela",
            "addis ababa",
            "of africa",
            "algiers",
            "thabo mbeki",
            "southern africa",
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731870e497a881900248fb6_s",
              "question": "Where was the OAU summit held in July 1999?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algiers",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the OAU summit in July 1999 occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8256_s",
          "context": "On 6 October 1973, as Jews were observing Yom Kippur, the Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, that opened the Yom Kippur War. The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in just 20 days. An internal inquiry exonerated the government of responsibility for failures before and during the war, but public anger forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign.",
          "c_entity": [
            "golda meir"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bb2838643c19005acbfd_s",
              "question": "Who was forced to resign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prime Minister Golda Meir",
                  "answer_start": 540
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was forced to resign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13206_s",
          "context": "During the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed , from which originated Jainism and Buddhism . In the same period the first Upanishads were written . After 500 BCE , the so-called `` Second urbanization '' started , with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain , especially the Central Ganges plain . The Central Ganges Plain , where Magadha gained prominence , forming the base of the Mauryan Empire , was a distinct cultural area , with new states arising after 500 BC -LSB- web 1 -RSB- during the so-called `` Second urbanization '' . -LSB- note 3 -RSB- It was influenced by the Vedic culture . In this region the Shramanic movements flourished , and Jainism and Buddhism originated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chirand",
            "asia",
            "south",
            "kuru-panchala",
            "central ganges"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284911ff5b5019007da0ec_s",
              "question": "Where is the center of Muyan Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Central Ganges Plain",
                  "answer_start": 336
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the central location of the Muayan Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6282_s",
          "context": "A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues. One comprehensive theory of emotional arousal in humans has been developed by Jonathan Turner (2007: 2009). Two of the key eliciting factors for the arousal of emotions within this theory are expectations states and sanctions. When people enter a situation or encounter with certain expectations for how the encounter should unfold, they will experience different emotions depending on the extent to which expectations for Self, other and situation are met or not met. People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience. Based on this analysis, he identified four emotions that all researchers consider being founded on human neurology including assertive-anger, aversion-fear, satisfaction-happiness, and disappointment-sadness. These four categories are called primary emotions and there is some agreement amongst researchers that these primary emotions become combined to produce more elaborate and complex emotional experiences. These more elaborate emotions are called first-order elaborations in Turner's theory and they include sentiments such as pride, triumph, and awe. Emotions can also be experienced at different levels of intensity so that feelings of concern are a low-intensity variation of the primary emotion aversion-fear whereas depression is a higher intensity variant.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jonathan turner"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a60076d058f1900182de5_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the comprehensive theory of human emotional excitement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Turner",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed a comprehensive theory related to human emotional arousal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16033_s",
          "context": ". According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822 , a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece . , the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange , although most of the Greeks displaced -LRB- over a million of the total 1.5 million -RRB- had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- The Greek genocide , in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea , contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign , was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade , then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1822",
            "1923",
            "1830",
            "a century later",
            "1840"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c2_s",
              "question": "When was the original Greek constitution made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "first Greek constitution of 1822",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9980_s",
          "context": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour , Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy . Together , they formed her first rock band , the Breakfast Club , for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar . , with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer , formed the band Emmy . The two began writing songs together , and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act . Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980",
            "1981",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266c4add62a815002e8470_s",
              "question": "When was Patrick Hernandez's world tour?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13944_s",
          "context": "Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to discuss falsification. If the outcome of an experiment contradicts the theory, one should refrain from ad hoc manoeuvres that evade the contradiction merely by making it less falsifiable. Popper is also known for his opposition to the classical justificationist account of knowledge, which he replaced with critical rationalism, \"the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "popper"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57288c842ca10214002da465_s",
              "question": "Who put forward empirical falsification as the central principle of scientific methods?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Popper",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed empirical falsification as the central principle of the scientific method?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2495_s",
          "context": "Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that \"...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself\". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the \"determiner\" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived:",
          "c_entity": [
            "1788-1860"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dee0f43277331400b4d7ab_s",
              "question": "When did Arthur Schopenhauer live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1788-1860",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16835_s",
          "context": "The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition . Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £ 3 million . The record rose steadily in the Premier League 's first few seasons . The three highest transfer in the sport 's history had a Premier League club on the selling end .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alan shearer",
            "tottenham hotspur",
            "real madrid",
            "premier league",
            "cristiano ronaldo",
            "newcastle united",
            "manchester united",
            "luis suárez",
            "liverpool",
            "gareth bale"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fb0cd058e614000b66f5_s",
              "question": "Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive more than 163.33 billion pounds in transfer fees?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Shearer",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5016_s",
          "context": "The Ministry of Defence is one of the United Kingdom's largest landowners, owning 227,300 hectares of land and foreshore (either freehold or leasehold) at April 2014, which was valued at \"about £20 billion\". The MoD also has \"rights of access\" to a further 222,000 hectares. In total, this is about 1.8% of the UK land mass. The total annual cost to support the defence estate is \"in excess of £3.3 billion\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "ministry of defence"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f97f629b226e1400dd14cf_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the largest landowners in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Ministry of Defence",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is one of the largest landowners in the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-558_s",
          "context": "The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in Wenchuan, a student proposed a landing spot online and it was chosen as the first touchdown place for the helicopters[not in citation given]. Volunteers also set up several websites to help store contact information for victims and evacuees. On May 31, a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crashed in fog and turbulence in Wenchuan county. No-one survived.",
          "c_entity": [
            "xinhua"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d61c4e1c85041400946f1b_s",
              "question": "Who set up an online website to focus on the blind spots in the recovery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "news agency Xinhua",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who set up an online site to focus on blind spots in recovery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
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          "context": "Gaddafi 's earliest education was of a religious nature , imparted by a local Islamic teacher . Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school , he progressed through six grades in four years . , but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain . During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque , and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents . Bullied for being a Bedouin , he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children . From Sirte , where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school , something neither parent had done . Gaddafi was popular at school ; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration , most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud .",
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              "original_question": "In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school?"
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          "context": "In June 1986 , Madonna released her third studio album , True Blue , which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. . Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort , writing that the album `` sound -LSB- s -RSB- as if it comes from the heart '' . It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` Live to Tell '' , `` Papa Do n't Preach '' and `` Open Your Heart '' , and two more top-five singles : `` True Blue '' and `` La Isla Bonita '' . The album topped the charts in over 28 countries worldwide , and became her best-selling studio album of her career to this date with sales of 25 million . , Madonna starred in the critically panned film Shanghai Surprise , for which she was awarded the Golden Raspberry Award for `` worst actress '' . She made her theatrical debut in a production of David Rabe 's Goose and Tom-Tom ; the film and play both co-starred Penn. . , Madonna was featured in the film Who 's That Girl . She contributed four songs to its soundtrack , including the title track and `` Causing a Commotion '' .",
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              "original_question": "When was Madonna's third album released?"
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          "context": "Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot; by 1952, over 200,000 immigrants were living in these tent cities. During this period, food, clothes and furniture had to be rationed in what became known as the Austerity Period. The need to solve the crisis led Ben-Gurion to sign a reparations agreement with West Germany that triggered mass protests by Jews angered at the idea that Israel could accept monetary compensation for the Holocaust.",
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              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who signed a reparations agreement with West Germany?"
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          "context": "After World War II . Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries , developing a unique culture . Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany . Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany .",
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              "question": "Where are the Germans living in other countries displaced?",
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              "original_question": "Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?"
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          "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin 's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events . Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901 . All the music is derived from that of Chopin .",
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                  "text": "Giacomo Orefice",
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              "original_question": "Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?"
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          "context": ", new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection . The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor . This new armor , which used iron plated dou -LRB- dō -RRB- , was referred to as Tosei-gusoku , or modern armor . Various other components of armor protected the samurai 's body . The helmet kabuto was an important part of the samurai 's armor . The known last use of samurai armor occurring in 1877 during the satsuma rebellion . As the last samurai rebellion was crushed , Japan modernized its defenses and turned to a national conscription army that used uniforms .",
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              "original_question": "When was samurai armor last used?"
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          "context": "However , Samoans greatly resented New Zealand 's colonial rule . One of the Mau leaders was Olaf Frederick Nelson , a half Samoan and half Swedish merchant . , but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically . In accordance with the Mau 's non-violent philosophy , the newly elected leader , High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi , led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929 .",
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              "question": "When did Mao demonstrate on the streets of Apia?",
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              "original_question": "On what date did the Mau demonstrate on the streets of Apia?"
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          "context": "The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals , the Soviet Union -LRB- USSR -RRB- and the United States -LRB- US -RRB- , for supremacy in spaceflight capability . It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II , enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel . The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security , and symbolic of ideological superiority . The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites , unmanned space probes of the Moon , and Mars , and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon . The competition began on August 2 , 1955 , when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year , by declaring they would also launch a satellite `` in the near future '' . The Soviet Union beat the US to this , with the October 4 , and later beat the US to the first human in space , Yuri Gagarin , on April 12 , 1961 . The Space Race peaked with the July 20 , 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11 . The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions , and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations . A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo -- Soyuz Test Project , resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew .",
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          "context": "The expansive area northwest of the city limits is diverse , the small suburb of Picture Rocks . Continental Ranch -LRB- Marana -RRB- , where thousands of residents live .",
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              "original_question": "Where is the Dove Mountain planned community?"
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          "context": ", who is dying of thallium poisoning . He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter , Dr. Madeline Swann , who will take him to L'Américain ; this will in turn lead him to Spectre . White then commits suicide . Bond locates Swann at the Hoffler Klinik , but she is abducted by Hinx . Bond rescues her and the two meet Q , who discovers that Sciarra 's ring links Oberhauser to Bond 's previous missions , Dominic Greene and Raoul Silva as Spectre agents . Swann reveals that L'Américain is a hotel in Tangier .",
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              "original_question": "Where is L'Americain located?"
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          "context": "To begin with , England had no permanent home stadium . The relationship between England and FIFA became strained , before they rejoined in 1946 . As a result , in which they were beaten in a 1 -- 0 defeat by the United States .",
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              "original_question": "England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year?"
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          "context": ". Daily demonstrations , which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18 , initially attracted few people . On February 20 , by February 22 , there were 100,000 , the next day 300,000 , and a transport strike was declared , by February 25 , there were close to 1 million demonstrators -- about a quarter of Armenia 's population . This was the first of the large , and , ultimately . Leading Armenian intellectuals and nationalists , including future first President of independent Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian , formed the eleven-member Karabakh Committee to lead and organize the new movement .",
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          "context": ", an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England . The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government , and Palmerston resigned . Derby was reinstated as prime minister . , in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere . On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one . Derby 's ministry did not last long , and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office .",
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              "question": "When did Victoria reinstate Palmerston?",
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              "original_question": "When did Victoria ask Palmerston to resume his office?"
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          "context": ", when the U.S. passed the Organic Act . Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area . The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher 's home . The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862 . The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees . Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson . The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools , which set the foundations for public schooling . One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond . To become a certified teacher , Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $ 6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate . With the help of an assistant teacher , Mrs. Farley , Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school . There were no textbooks used in the school . In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants . , but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools .",
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          "context": ", the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- moving beyond just drum loops and short samples . , Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke , Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson -LRB- from `` intensity '' -RRB- . New York -- based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks . , Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson .",
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              "question": "Where were Matteo and mattos founded?",
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          "context": "Mark Z. Jacobson , solar power , and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050 . Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be `` primarily social and political , not technological or economic '' . Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind , solar , water system should be similar to today 's energy costs .",
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          "context": "At the time of her accession , the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne , who relied on him for advice . Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey . Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations . She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £ 385,000 per year . Financially prudent , she paid off her father 's debts .",
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              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the Governemnt at the time of Victorias ascession?"
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          "context": "Chopin 's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane , as did the number of his pupils , and this , together with the political strife and instability of the time , caused him to struggle financially . In February 1848 , with the cellist Auguste Franchomme , he gave his last Paris concert , which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65 .",
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              "original_question": "With whom did Chopin perform his final concert?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15880_s",
          "context": "Improved aircraft designs were in the offing with the Bristol Beaufighter , then under development . It would prove formidable , but its development was slow . The Beaufighter had a maximum speed of 320 mph -LRB- 510 km/h -RRB- . Its armament of four 20 mm -LRB- 0.79 in -RRB- Hispano cannon and six .303 in Browning machine guns offered a serious threat to German bombers . On 19 November , John Cunningham of No. 604 Squadron RAF shot down a bomber flying an AI-equipped Beaufighter . It was the first air victory for the airborne radar .",
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                  "text": "19 November",
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              "original_question": "What day was the first victory the RAF had with airborne radar?"
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          "context": "The Battle of Spicheren , on 5 August . Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine 's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank , while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear . The aging General von Steinmetz made an overzealous , unplanned move , leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle . He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren , cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process .",
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              "original_question": "On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?"
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          "context": "A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals \"guanches\", \"guanchos\" or \"canarios\". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.",
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              "question": "When did the Spanish force the Portuguese out of the village?",
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              "original_question": "What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?"
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          "context": "Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?"
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          "context": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields . Alumni working in political fields include state governors . A number of university heads are alumni , the Rev. John Jenkins . Additionally , many alumni are in the media . With the university having high profile sports teams itself , a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university , including professional baseball , basketball , football , and ice hockey players .",
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              "question": "Who is the current Dean of Notre Dame?",
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                  "text": "Rev. John Jenkins",
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              "original_question": "Who is the current president of Notre Dame?"
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          "context": ". The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession -LRB- 1714 -RRB- initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the war the successor of Spain?",
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              "original_question": "When was the war of Spanish Succession?"
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          "context": "In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.",
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              "question": "When was the ghost filmed?",
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              "original_question": "When was the opening scene of Spectre filmed?"
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          "context": "A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204. There is also a pedestrian ferry from the Mayflower Steps to Mount Batten, and an alternative to using the Tamar Bridge via the Torpoint Ferry (vehicle and pedestrian) across the River Tamar.",
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              "question": "When did the Crimean stone house ferry begin to work?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Cremyll-Stonehouse ferry first operate?"
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          "context": "Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the \"Nigerian scam\", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.",
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              "question": "When was Nigeria's EFCC created?",
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          "context": ", followed by more permanent settlements , particularly along the east coast of Ireland , the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man . Though the Vikings were eventually neutralised in Ireland , their influence remained in the cities of Dublin , Cork , Limerick , Waterford and Wexford . , and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark . The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy , in northern France , lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066 . The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy , which conquered England . , partially under the French Crown . At the invitation of a provincial king and under the authority of Pope Adrian IV -LRB- the only Englishman to be elected pope -RRB- . Though initially intended to be kept as an independent kingdom , the failure of the Irish High King to ensure the terms of the Treaty of Windsor led Henry II , as King of England , to rule as effective monarch under the title of Lord of Ireland . This title was granted to his younger son but when Henry 's heir unexpectedly died the title of King of England and Lord of Ireland became entwined in one person .",
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          "context": "What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia ; however , the country 's current borders were established by France , which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century . After gaining independence from France in 1960 , the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders ; by the 1990s , calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993 . Ange-Félix Patassé became president . The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and , despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011 , fighting broke out between various factions in December 2012 , leading to ethnic and religious cleansing of the Muslim minority and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014 .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first democratically elected President?"
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          "context": "The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.",
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          "context": "Life with My Sister Madonna , a book by Madonna 's brother Christopher , debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list . The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother , because of the unsolicited publication . Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie , with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation . Ultimately , Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie , citing irreconcilable differences , which was finalized in December 2008 . She decided to adopt from Malawi . The country 's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo `` Mercy '' James ; however , the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country . Madonna appealed , the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James . She also released Celebration , her third greatest-hits album and final release with Warner . It contained the new songs `` Celebration '' and `` Revolver '' along with 34 hits spanning her career . Celebration reached number one in the UK , tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo act with most number one albums in the British chart history . , to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson .",
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          "context": ", one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country , became Samoa 's first Prime Minister . Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life . , leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007 , upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto . , was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term , and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012 .",
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          "context": ". Walther von Dyck -LRB- 1882 -RRB- introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations , and was also the first to give an axiomatic definition of an `` abstract group '' , in the terminology of the time . As of the 20th century , who worked on representation theory of finite groups . The theory of Lie groups . Its algebraic counterpart , the theory of algebraic groups .",
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          "context": ". In The Grammar of Science , Preface to the 2nd Edition , 1900 , Karl Pearson wrote , `` There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing , as a basis for natural philosophy , the crude materialism of the older physicists . '' This book influenced Einstein 's regard for the importance of the observer in scientific measurements -LSB- citation needed -RSB- . In § 5 of that book , Pearson asserted that '' ... science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind ... '' Also , '' ... the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world . ''",
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          "context": "One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon American independence from Great Britain , the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub , as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school .",
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          "context": ", where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers . The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on . The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales . Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films , on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd , won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance .",
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              "original_question": "Who recommended the role for Hudon?"
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          "context": "In spring 1855 . On 12 May 1855 . On 21 May 1855 , the gunboats and armed steamers attacked the seaport of Taganrog , the most important hub near Rostov on Don . The vast amounts of food , especially bread , wheat , barley , and rye that were amassed in the city after the outbreak of war were prevented from being exported .",
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          "context": "Besides singing Madonna has the ability to play several musical instruments . This helped her to form the band Emmy , where she performed as the guitarist and lead vocalist . Madonna later played guitar on her demo recordings . On the liner notes of Pre-Madonna : `` I 've always thought she passed up a brilliant career as a rhythm guitarist . '' After her career breakthrough , Madonna focused mainly in singing but was also credited for playing cowbell on Madonna -LRB- 1983 -RRB- and synthesizer on Like a Prayer -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . In 1999 , Madonna had studied for three months to play the violin for the role as a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart , before eventually leaving the project . After two decades , Madonna decided to perform with guitar again during the promotion of Music -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . She took further lessons from guitarist Monte Pittman to improve her guitar skill . Since then Madonna has played guitar on every tour , as well as her studio albums . , which honors the most promising up-and-coming guitarist .",
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          "context": "This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing . Following the airport 's master plan , which was finished in 2006 . , the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers . The main building 's third floor , with 12 thousand square meters , has a panoramic deck , a food court , shops , four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people , and space for exhibitions . Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces . The airport is located about 11 km -LRB- 6.8 mi -RRB- from the central area of Brasília , outside the metro system . The area outside the airport 's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília 's central district . The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars . The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines -LRB- TAM , GOL , Azul , WebJET , Trip and Avianca -RRB- , in addition to a number of international carriers . , Brasília 's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium , formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company , with a 50 % stake each .",
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          "context": ". The state 's Maritime College in Fort Schuyler -LRB- on the southeastern shore -RRB- houses the Maritime Industry Museum . In addition , a joint public-private endeavor of the city 's parks department . , its neighbor , the Bronx Zoo , and a little further south , on the west shore .",
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          "context": "The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service , which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself , the defining institution of the Greek world . Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal . The Cyrenaics meanwhile , embraced hedonism , arguing that pleasure was the only true good . Stoicism , taught that virtue was sufficient for eudaimonia as it would allow one to live in accordance with Nature or Logos . The academy would eventually turn to Academic Skepticism under Arcesilaus until it was rejected by Antiochus of Ascalon -LRB- c. 90 BCE -RRB- in favor of Neoplatonism . Hellenistic philosophy , had a significant influence on the Greek ruling elite . , who had studied in the lyceum . This can also be said of the Roman upper classes , were Stoicism was dominant .",
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          "context": ": avoiding open battle and carefully defending his key castles . , at Mirebeau Castle . , his seneschal in Anjou , he swung his mercenary army rapidly south to protect her . His forces caught Arthur by surprise and captured the entire rebel leadership at the battle of Mirebeau . With his southern flank weakening .",
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          "context": "Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries . , there were about a hundred local converts in the Guge kingdom . Later on , Christianity was introduced to Rudok , Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom .",
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          "context": "Historical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent , post-WWII history , or on attempts to demonstrates deep roots in the past , such as to the Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga picture scroll of the 12th and 13th centuries . Early post-war Japanese criticism was mostly of a left-wing political nature until the 1986 publication for Tomofusa Kure 's Modern Manga : The Complete Picture , -LSB- j -RSB- which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects , such as structure and a `` grammar '' of comics . The field of manga studies increased rapidly , with numerous books on the subject appearing in the 1990s . Formal theories of manga have focused on developing a `` manga expression theory '' , -LSB- k -RSB- with emphasis on spatial relationships in the structure of images on the page , distinguishing the medium from film or literature , in which the flow of time is the basic organizing element . Comics studies courses have proliferated at Japanese universities . The publication of Frederik L. Schodt 's Manga ! Manga ! The World of Japanese Comics in 1983 led to the spread of use of the word manga outside Japan to mean `` Japanese comics '' or `` Japanese-style comics '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who helped the rest of the world use the word comics outside Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederik L. Schodt",
                  "answer_start": 999
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga outside of Japan's borders?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1497_s",
          "context": ": The event was held in Seoul , which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics , on April 27 . Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government 's crackdown in Tibet . More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route , which was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games . On the day of the torch relay in Seoul , Chinese students clashed with protesters , throwing rocks , bottles , and punches . He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away . Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed . Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read . '' The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated . Police said they arrested five people , including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks . Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey , some chanting , go Olympics ! '' By the end of the relay , Chinese students became violent , and it was reported in Korean media that they were `` lynching '' everyone who was disagreeing with them . One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students . On Apr 29 , the Secretary of Justice , Kim Kyung Han , told the prime minister that he will find `` every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice . '' Later in the day , National Police Agency , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south korea",
            "seoul",
            "china",
            "olympic park"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db6df1e7c41114004b50eb_s",
              "question": "Where did the relay race take place in Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seoul",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the relay event held in South Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4257_s",
          "context": "Southampton became a spa town in 1740 . , despite the lack of a good quality beach . Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay , with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1740",
            "the 1760s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f86358aef2371900626037_s",
              "question": "When did Southampton become a hot spring?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1740",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Southampton turn into a spa town?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1673_s",
          "context": "When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744 -LSB- verification needed -RSB- , the town 's architectural buildings were destroyed -LSB- verification needed -RSB- . Subsequently , when they had occupied the town . Earlier to their occupation , the port was known as `` Carénage '' . The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III . It was then their prime trading center . They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1785",
            "the 18th century",
            "1744"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57337b914776f41900660b94_s",
              "question": "When did the British raid the port city of Saint Bart?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1744",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18055_s",
          "context": "-- 14 . Although some vandal systematically removed the gold tesserae of the background it can be seen that the Pantokrator and the prophets in the dome follow the traditional Byzantine pattern . Many details are similar to the Pammakaristos mosaics so it is supposed that the same team of mosaicists worked in both buildings . Another building with a related mosaic decoration is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in Arta . -- 96 . In the dome is the traditional stern Pantokrator , with prophets and cherubim below .",
          "c_entity": [
            "epirus",
            "thessaloniki",
            "arta"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573163cf497a881900248ebb_s",
              "question": "Where is the Church of diotocos Pareto Rissa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arta",
                  "answer_start": 419
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8846_s",
          "context": "This means that a 5 % reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb , at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16 % . , traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings -RRB- . Long-life bulbs take advantage of this trade-off . Since the value of the electric power they consume is much more than the value of the lamp , general service lamps emphasize efficiency over long operating life . The objective is to minimize the cost of light , not the cost of lamps . When this was exposed in 1953 , General Electric and other leading American manufacturers were banned from limiting the life .",
          "c_entity": [
            "up to 2500 hours",
            "this may",
            "1000 hours",
            "1924",
            "1953"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264b7c5951b619008f6f39_s",
              "question": "When did the authorities break up the light bulb cartel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 531
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did authorities break up the light bulb cartel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13369_s",
          "context": "In February 1925 , the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri summoned him to the Vatican and informed him of Pope Pius XI 's decision to appoint him as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria -LRB- 1925 -- 35 -RRB- . , Pius XI also named him for consecration as titular archbishop of Areopolis , Jordan . Roncalli was initially reluctant about a mission to Bulgaria , but he would soon relent . Roncalli was consecrated by Giovanni Tacci Porcelli in the church of San Carlo alla Corso in Rome . After he was consecrated , he introduced his family to Pope Pius XI . He chose as his episcopal motto Obedientia et Pax -LRB- `` Obedience and Peace '' -RRB- , which became his guiding motto . While he was in Bulgaria , an earthquake struck in a town not too far from where he was . Unaffected , he wrote to his sisters Ancilla and Maria and told them both that he was fine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "19 march",
            "3 march",
            "february 1925"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fd58ff5b5019007d9a44_s",
              "question": "When did Pietro gasparry call him to the Vatican?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1925",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pietro Gasparri summon him to the Vatican?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16119_s",
          "context": "Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers . This `` subset '' of great powers -- consider maintaining a `` state of peace '' as desirable . As evidence , Baron outlines that since the Cuban missile crisis -LRB- 1962 -RRB- during the Cold War , these influential Western nations have resolved all disputes among the great powers peacefully at the United Nations and other forums of international discussion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "japan",
            "france",
            "germany",
            "united kingdom",
            "united states",
            "united nations"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731200be6313a140071cc5c_s",
              "question": "Where have the powers maintained peace in recent years?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United Nations and other forums",
                  "answer_start": 473
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where have the powers maintained peace in recent years?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5526_s",
          "context": "New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.",
          "c_entity": [
            "narendra modi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e3b375f01819005e76f4_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the smart city plan of India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "PM Narendra Modi",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for India's smart city initiative?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7244_s",
          "context": "During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873 , a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic , the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia -LRB- proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August -RRB- . It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy , as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie , but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment . The city surrendered on 7 August , and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid , marking the end of the first republic . Despite the Bourbon restoration , the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890 , after which the Republicans , gained considerably more of the popular vote .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martinez-campos",
            "alfonso xii",
            "vicente blasco ibáñez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4227fed7b91900d45dc8_s",
              "question": "Who was sent to stop the Valencia uprising?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Martinez-Campos",
                  "answer_start": 421
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was sent to stop Valencia's uprising?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5144_s",
          "context": "An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast -- as Po-pa-li . The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali , however , dates back to the 15th century . During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty , the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat 's eponymous troops .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zeila",
            "berbera"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9f9a18f12f31900630031_s",
              "question": "Where is the Sultanate of IFA?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeila",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6419_s",
          "context": "Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward. The angled deck allows the installation of one or two \"waist\" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves launch and recovery cycle flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1950s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aacc26d058f1900183068_s",
              "question": "When did the traditional aircraft carrier begin to rescue the aircraft at a certain angle with the ship axis port?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1950s",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13294_s",
          "context": "On 25 February 1954 . On 26 February , put Naguib under house arrest . As Naguib intended , a mutiny immediately followed . However , on 27 February , ending the mutiny . Later that day , hundreds of thousands of protesters . In response , demanded Naguib 's release and return to the presidency . , but delayed Naguib 's reinstatement until 4 March -- a position formerly occupied by Naguib .",
          "c_entity": [
            "military headquarters",
            "amer",
            "naguib",
            "nasser",
            "armed forces",
            "brotherhood",
            "rcc",
            "khaled mohieddin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2a_s",
              "question": "Who resigned in 1954?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Naguib",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who resigned in 1954?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9901_s",
          "context": "In 1922 , Egypt , which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War , was granted formal independence . , under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone . In return , Egypt was assisted to join the League of Nations . Iraq . In Palestine , Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arab and Jewish communities . , which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate , stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine , and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power . This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population . , Britain judged the support of the Arab population in the Middle East as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland , and shifted to a pro-Arab stance , limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "1936",
            "1954",
            "1922",
            "the 1930s",
            "1920",
            "1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572685395951b619008f7561_s",
              "question": "When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4571_s",
          "context": "Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.",
          "c_entity": [
            "poland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17582_s",
              "question": "Where is the right coat and a candy for women?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Poland",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the  coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9901_s",
          "context": ", Egypt , which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War , was granted formal independence , though it continued to be a British client state until 1954 . , under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone . In return , Egypt was assisted to join the League of Nations . Iraq . In Palestine , Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arab and Jewish communities . , which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate , stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine , and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power . This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population . , Britain judged the support of the Arab population in the Middle East as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland , and shifted to a pro-Arab stance , limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "1936",
            "1954",
            "1922",
            "the 1930s",
            "1920",
            "1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572685395951b619008f7562_s",
              "question": "When is Egypt no longer a client country of the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Egypt stop being a British client state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8097_s",
          "context": ", where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan , with its center at Balkh , and Transoxiana , with its center at Samarkand . Both areas had already been partially conquered , but remained difficult to govern . Once again , a particular difficulty concerned the question of the conversion of non-Arabs , especially the Sogdians of Transoxiana . Following the Umayyad defeat in the `` Day of Thirst '' in 724 , governor of Khurasan , promised tax relief to those Sogdians who converted to Islam , but went back on his offer when it proved too popular and threatened to reduce tax revenues . Discontent among the Khurasani Arabs rose sharply after the losses suffered in the Battle of the Defile in 731 , and in 734 , al-Harith ibn Surayj led a revolt that received broad backing from Arabs and natives alike . After this defeat , al-Harith 's movement seems to have been dissolved .",
          "c_entity": [
            "merv",
            "abd allah al-sulami",
            "hisham",
            "ashras",
            "al-harith ibn surayj",
            "muslims"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa41910f8ca1400305235_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the 734 uprising?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "al-Harith ibn Surayj",
                  "answer_start": 724
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the revolt of 734?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-444_s",
          "context": "After gaining the Master Sword , Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form , obtaining the Shadow Crystal . Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will , the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule . However , they discover that the mirror is broken . , but he was only able to shatter it into fragments ; only the true ruler of the Twili can completely destroy the Mirror of Twilight . They also reveal that they used it a century ago to banish Ganondorf , to the Twilight Realm when executing him failed . Assisted by an underground resistance group they meet in Castle Town , defeating those they infected . Once the portal has been restored , Midna is revealed to be the true ruler of the Twilight Realm . Confronting Zant . Returning to Hyrule , Link and Midna find Ganondorf in Hyrule Castle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "midna",
            "gerudo desert",
            "zelda",
            "ganondorf",
            "zant",
            "link"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd942362d2951400fa673e_s",
              "question": "Who is the twilight mirror that fights zant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ganondorf",
                  "answer_start": 490
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to Zant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18070_s",
          "context": "In 2003 , the remains of a mosaic pavement were discovered under the ruins of the Bizere Monastery near the River Mureş in present-day Romania . The panels depict real or fantastic animal , floral , solar and geometric representations . Some archeologists supposed that it was the floor of an Orthodox church . Other experts claim that it was part of the later Catholic monastery on the site because it shows the signs of strong Italianate influence . The monastery was situated that time in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary .",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 11th century",
            "2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317b65e6313a140071cf90_s",
              "question": "When did the monastery of bezel find mosaic tiles?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when were mosaic pavements uncovered at the Bizere Monastery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9741_s",
          "context": "In September 2010 . However , in July 2013 . In December 2013 , it was announced that Ben Whishaw . , who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon . The film , will focus on Queen 's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert de niro",
            "tribeca productions",
            "peter morgan",
            "time",
            "sacha baron cohen",
            "bbc",
            "james bond",
            "ben whishaw",
            "brian may"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e5f3708984140094d526_s",
              "question": "Who is Freddie Mercury's replacement in the movie of the same name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ben Whishaw",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the replacement to play Freddie Mercury in the film of the same name?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8455_s",
          "context": "The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806 . In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign , Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré -LRB- ` square battalion ' -RRB- . In the bataillon-carré system , the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance . If any single corps was attacked , the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help . Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops , rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale . As in previous campaigns , his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war . Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army , the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force . , fought on 14 October , the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties . With several major commanders dead or incapacitated , the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army , which began to quickly disintegrate . In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the `` peak of Napoleonic warfare , the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers , over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons , all in a single month . : `` Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered . '' Despite their overwhelming defeat , the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard brooks",
            "jena",
            "david chandler",
            "soult"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269bdadd62a815002e8b00_s",
              "question": "Who did Napoleon write to explain his plan for the battle of Prussia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marshal Soult",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18521_s",
          "context": "He assumed duties again at Camp Meade, Maryland, commanding a battalion of tanks, where he remained until 1922. His schooling continued, focused on the nature of the next war and the role of the tank in it. His new expertise in tank warfare was strengthened by a close collaboration with George S. Patton, Sereno E. Brett, and other senior tank leaders. Their leading-edge ideas of speed-oriented offensive tank warfare were strongly discouraged by superiors, who considered the new approach too radical and preferred to continue using tanks in a strictly supportive role for the infantry. Eisenhower was even threatened with court martial for continued publication of these proposed methods of tank deployment, and he relented.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1922"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573246afb9d445190005e986_s",
              "question": "When did Eisenhower leave camp Mead?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower leave Camp Meade?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8180_s",
          "context": "In 1870 , republican sentiment in Britain , fed by the Queen 's seclusion , was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic . A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria 's removal , and Radical MPs spoke against her . , she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm , which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray . , at the height of the republican movement , the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever , the disease that was believed to have killed his father , and Victoria was fearful her son would die . As the tenth anniversary of her husband 's death approached , her son 's condition grew no better , and Victoria 's distress continued . To general rejoicing , he pulled through . , and republican feeling subsided .",
          "c_entity": [
            "27 february 1872",
            "august",
            "september 1871",
            "late november 1871",
            "1870",
            "thanksgiving"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267189708984140094c641_s",
              "question": "When did the Third French Republic appear here?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Third French Republic come onto the scene?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3885_s",
          "context": ", which consumes about 3.5 % of electricity in the United States and Canada . Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning . As Franklin 's 1784 satire pointed out , lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase , as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise . , which used to be a primary use of electricity . Although energy conservation remains an important goal , energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then , and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results . Electricity use is greatly affected by geography , climate , and economics , making it hard to generalize from single studies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dst",
            "franklin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e75e3b37bdd419002c3f03_s",
              "question": "Who pointed out in a satirical article published in 1784 that if the power savings in the morning are less than those in the evening, the power savings in the daytime will only reduce the power consumption?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franklin",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose satire that was published in 1784 pointed out that daylight saving would only reduce electricity usage if the increase in the mornings was less than the savings in the evenings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1881_s",
          "context": "After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included . , other sites were still being archived , but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing , an infrequent operation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2010",
            "august 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc5_s",
              "question": "When does a website have to appear in an open directory to be included in an archive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "After August 2008",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in the Archive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16947_s",
          "context": "With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island , over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land , at sea , and in the sky . Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal . Meanwhile , in which they suffered appalling casualties . To sustain these offensives , resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys , termed the `` Tokyo Express '' by the Allies . The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose . Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as `` Ironbottom Sound '' from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides . However , the Allies were much better able to replace these losses . , the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943 . In the sixth month war of attrition , the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henderson",
            "field",
            "south pacific",
            "guadalcanal",
            "us"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57320f73e99e3014001e64a8_s",
              "question": "Where are most of Japan's aircraft in the South Pacific modified for defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Guadalcanal",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were most of the Japanese aircraft in the South Pacific redeployed to defend?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3439_s",
          "context": ", itself of disputed etymology . The main theory suggests that Catalunya -LRB- Latin Gathia Launia -RRB- derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia -LRB- `` Land of the Goths '' -RRB- , since the origins of the Catalan counts , lords and people were found in the March of Gothia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "catalonia",
            "gothia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11684cd28a01900c67586_s",
              "question": "Where do Catalans come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March of Gothia",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Catalan  people originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4552_s",
          "context": "On 23 October 1501 , at Mielnik Polish -- Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik -LRB- Polish : unia mielnicka , unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka -RRB- . It was there that the tradition of the coronation Sejm -LRB- Polish : `` Sejm koronacyjny '' -RRB- was founded . Once again the middle nobility -LRB- middle in wealth , not in rank -RRB- attempted to reduce the power of the magnates with a law that made them impeachable before the Senate for malfeasance . The nobles were given the right to disobey the King or his representatives -- in the Latin , `` non praestanda oboedientia '' -- and to form confederations , an armed rebellion against the king or state officers if the nobles thought that the law or their legitimate privileges were being infringed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "poland",
            "mielnik",
            "mielno"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82b14aef2371900625e8a_s",
              "question": "Where is milnik in the Middle East? Has the Lithuanian union been reunited?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Union of Mielnik",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4632_s",
          "context": ", the Inn , all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries . Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps . ; the river begins as glacial meltwater . Tributary valleys , some of which are complicated , channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snow melt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rhone",
            "mediterranean sea",
            "rhine",
            "geneva",
            "france",
            "switzerland",
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            "lake",
            "north sea",
            "ticino",
            "po",
            "danube"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce0_s",
              "question": "Where is the main tributary of the Danube?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Alps",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": "Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882 , then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body , she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual . Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1882",
            "1901",
            "1959",
            "1935"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572512df0a492a19004356dc_s",
              "question": "When did Maria drays take office in the Freemasonry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1882",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8795_s",
          "context": "At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors . This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary , who , working with the designer Sir Charles Allom , although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873 . Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery , modestly known as the Principal Corridor , which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle . It has mirrored doors , and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton . The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery , with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "late",
            "1920s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e87538643c19005ace5e_s",
              "question": "When did the painted door in the middle room come from Brighton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13084_s",
          "context": ", known simply as football or soccer , friendly matches -LRB- or `` friendlies '' -RRB- were the most common type of match . However , since the development of The Football League in England in 1888 , league tournaments became established , in addition to lengthy derby and cup tournaments . , national leagues were established in almost every country throughout the world , as well as local or regional leagues for lower level teams .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early days",
            "1888",
            "the year 2000",
            "the 19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bb1b4b864d1900163bc5_s",
              "question": "When did the English football league begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Football League begin in England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15763_s",
          "context": ". In the Tang and Song Dynasties , gates of palaces were usually painted red , and nobles often painted their entire mansion red . One of the most famous works of Chinese literature , A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin -LRB- 1715 -- 1763 -RRB- , was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions . In later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences . , all the walls , gates , beams and pillars were painted in red and gold .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cao xueqin",
            "forbidden city and imperial palace",
            "chinese imperial"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573132d505b4da19006bce97_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a dream of Red Mansions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cao Xueqin",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6438_s",
          "context": ". It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff , maintain and operate its supercarriers . The main new features are implementation of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System -LRB- EMALS -RRB- -LRB- which replace the old steam catapults -RRB- and unmanned aerial vehicles . , the U.S. fleet comprises 10 active supercarriers . , the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommended seven or eight new carriers -LRB- one every four years -RRB- . However , the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $ 12 -- 14.5 billion -LRB- plus $ 12 billion for development and research -RRB- for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier -LRB- estimated service 2016 -RRB- compared to the smaller $ 2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships able to deploy squadrons of F-35B of which one is already active , another is under construction and nine more are planned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "24 july 2007",
            "december 2012",
            "current",
            "2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570af1386b8089140040f628_s",
              "question": "When will the US enterprise close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2016",
                  "answer_start": 730
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-468_s",
          "context": ". , who tells him about Spectre , a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged . Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting , where he identifies the leader , Franz Oberhauser . , a Spectre assassin . , a subsidiary of Spectre . , who was presumed dead years earlier .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bond",
            "quantum",
            "lucia",
            "sciarra",
            "franz oberhauser",
            "white",
            "hinx",
            "moneypenny"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6878_s",
              "question": "Who is the boss of the ghost?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franz Oberhauser",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the head of Spectre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15692_s",
          "context": "The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eaf07dfa6aa1500f8d2b8_s",
              "question": "When did Salvadorans come to America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Salvadorans come to America?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3718_s",
          "context": "On Saturday September 6 , 1997 the formal , though not `` state '' Funeral of Diana , Princess of Wales , was held . It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy . A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people . The burial occurred privately later the same day . Diana 's former husband , sons , mother , siblings , a close friend , and a clergyman were present . Diana 's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker , which she had chosen some weeks before . A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands . Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate , Althorp , on a private island . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "mother teresa",
            "catherine walker",
            "diana"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8f3ff99e8941900975f25_s",
              "question": "Who designed Diana's skirt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Catherine Walker",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed Diana's dress?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7589_s",
          "context": "Amid preparations for the coronation , a divorcé ` 16 years Margaret 's senior , with two sons from his previous marriage . The Queen asked them to wait for a year , `` the Queen was naturally sympathetic towards the Princess , but I think she thought -- she hoped -- given time , the affair would peter out . '' Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce . If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage , she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession . Eventually . In 1960 , she married Antony Armstrong-Jones . They divorced in 1978 ; she did not remarry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "peter townsend",
            "martin charteris",
            "margaret",
            "snowdon",
            "antony armstrong-jones"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f8d0b5ab6b81900390f10_s",
              "question": "Who did Princess Margaret marry in the 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antony Armstrong-Jones",
                  "answer_start": 571
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Princess Margaret marry in 1960?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2646_s",
          "context": "Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of microwave ovens and freezer food. \"Pub grub\" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings, lasagne and chilli con carne are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home.",
          "c_entity": [
            "sunday"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfec1b231d4119001abe98_s",
              "question": "When do bars sometimes offer free snacks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sunday",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what day do pubs sometimes offer free snacks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9881_s",
          "context": "During his voyage , and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively . Initially . European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century , with numerous trading stations established , especially in the North . In 1839 . On 6 February 1840 , Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi . This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand 's founding document , but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new zealand company",
            "abel tasman",
            "māori",
            "cook",
            "william hobson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266fd6708984140094c5fb_s",
              "question": "Who signed the contract with the Maori?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Captain William Hobson",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who signed a treaty with the Maori?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12796_s",
          "context": "Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.",
          "c_entity": [
            "23 may 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727dc2c2ca10214002d9839_s",
              "question": "When was the mini-a connector and mini AB connector removed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 May 2007",
                  "answer_start": 556
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13262_s",
          "context": "The Bengali Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Bengal region of India during the period of British rule dominated by English educated Bengali Hindus . The Bengal Renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy -LRB- 1772 -- 1941 -RRB- , although many stalwarts thereafter continued to embody particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output of the region . Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers , scholars , literary giants , journalists , patriotic orators , and scientists , all merging to form the image of a renaissance , and marked the transition from the ` medieval ' to the ` modern ' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rabindranath tagore",
            "raja ram mohan roy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c4de4b864d1900164da4_s",
              "question": "Who initiated the Renaissance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Raja Ram Mohan Roy",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did the Renaissance movement begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3132_s",
          "context": "On 22 July 2010 , the British government agreed to help pay for the new airport using taxpayer money . , with flights to and from South Africa and the UK .",
          "c_entity": [
            "22 july 2010",
            "february 2016",
            "november 2011",
            "march 2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07b95231d4119001ac1b9_s",
              "question": "When did the British government agree to pay for the new airport in St. Helena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 July 2010",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the British government agree to help pay for the new airport in Saint Helena?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-210_s",
          "context": "The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. He initially characterized some of its biological properties, and attempted to use a crude preparation to treat some infections, but he was unable to pursue its further development without the aid of trained chemists.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexander fleming"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d3334776f419006612e3_s",
              "question": "Who in the lab noticed the antibacterial properties of mold?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander Fleming",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14268_s",
          "context": "Apollo and his sister Artemis can bring death with their arrows. The conception that diseases and death come from invisible shots sent by supernatural beings, or magicians is common in Germanic and Norse mythology. In Greek mythology Artemis was the leader (ἡγεμών, \"hegemon\") of the nymphs, who had similar functions with the Nordic Elves. The \"elf-shot\" originally indicated disease or death attributed to the elves, but it was later attested denoting stone arrow-heads which were used by witches to harm people, and also for healing rituals.",
          "c_entity": [
            "artemis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d04f2ca10214002da890_s",
              "question": "Who is Apollo's sister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Artemis",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Apollo's sister?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6267_s",
          "context": "After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg -LRB- Convention of the Elbe -RRB- on July 5 , 1803 , about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover . The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover . However . This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain , where the King 's German Legion was formed . It was the only German army to fight against France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars . The Legion later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 . The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover . The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably .",
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            {
              "id": "570a0ae44103511400d59522_s",
              "question": "Who raised Hanover to the kingdom of Hanover in 1815?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Congress of Vienna",
                  "answer_start": 539
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who elevated Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-447_s",
          "context": ", -LSB- l -RSB- which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 . , and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker , in the form of Phantom Hourglass . Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand , and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link . The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12d5117492d1400aabb71_s",
              "question": "When did the company release a rider?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15252_s",
          "context": "Also emerging during this period was New York 's no wave movement , a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk 's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive , confrontational and nihilistic worldview . No wave musicians such as the Contortions , Teenage Jesus and the Jerks , Mars , DNA , Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise , dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles . The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation , often considered the quintessential testament to the scene . The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f781404bcaa1900d769b8_s",
              "question": "When was Ze record company founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 681
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was ZE Records founded?"
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          "context": "The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state , including the President of the Republic . In addition to that , the Riigikogu appoints , on the proposal of the President of Estonia , the Auditor General . A member of the Riigikogu has the right to demand explanations from the Government of the Republic and its members . This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state .",
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              "question": "To whom must the government explain its actions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Riigikogu",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does the government have to explain their actions to?"
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          "context": "A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes , primarily Kermes vermilio . The insects live on the sap of certain trees . , Bouches-du-Rhône . Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans , who imported it from Spain . It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC , and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians .",
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              "question": "Where did Romans get ceramics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spain",
                  "answer_start": 332
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where did Romans acquire Kermes?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3816_s",
          "context": "Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e871f40b45c0140094cc9f_s",
              "question": "When was the last time the Berne area was measured?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18244_s",
          "context": "The phrase '' -LSB- A -RSB- hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world '' was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams , the founder of the colony of Rhode Island , in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution . The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government :",
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            {
              "id": "5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6486_s",
              "question": "When was the book \"bloody persecution\" published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1644",
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              "original_question": "When was the book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution published?"
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          "context": ", the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act , Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act . It allows for incorporation as of right , by Articles of Incorporation ; does away with the ultra vires doctrine for nonprofits ; establishes them as legal persons ; and substantially updates the governance provisions for nonprofits . Ontario also overhauled its legislation , adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010 .",
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              "question": "When did Ontario pass the Canada non profit corporation act?",
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              "original_question": "When did Ontario adopt the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act?"
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          "context": "At this time , moved over to Universal , where he produced several films . Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit , both films received Academy Award nominations , Best Actor -LRB- Richard Burton -RRB- . , a sequel to True Grit -LRB- 1969 -RRB- . , reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film , their only film together . The film was only a moderate success .",
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              "question": "Who won the best actor's approval for her performance in Annie the thousand days?",
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                  "text": "Richard Burton",
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              "original_question": "Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?"
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          "context": "On March 10 , 2004 , Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City . Bush accepted the nomination on September 2 , 2004 , and selected Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate . -LRB- In New York . -RRB- During the convention and throughout the campaign , Bush focused on two themes : defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society . , increasing home and stock ownership , and encouraging more people to buy their own health insurance .",
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              "question": "Who does Bush want to support as vice president?",
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                  "text": "Dick Cheney",
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              "original_question": "Whom did Bush want to stand beside him as Vice President?"
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          "context": "During this battle , on September 13 , the 4th Division , under John A. Quitman , spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle . The Mexican forces fell back from Chapultepec and retreated within the city . Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of the fourth division?",
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          "context": "During the First Opium War , the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai . Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking , signed in 1843 , Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade . Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during the Taiping Rebellion , which resulted in a considerable loss of life in the province . , Wenzhou became Zhejiang 's second treaty port .",
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              "question": "When did Nanjing sign the contract?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Nanking signed?"
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          "context": "Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stayed bound between a pair of lines. These in turn formed the foundations for the Carolingian minuscule script, developed by Alcuin for use in the court of Charlemagne, which quickly spread across Europe. The advantage of the minuscule over majuscule was improved, faster readability.[citation needed]",
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                  "text": "Alcuin",
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              "original_question": "Who developed the Carolingian minuscule script for handwriting?"
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          "context": ". Upon signing the pact , Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that `` fascism is a matter of taste '' . For its part . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "original_question": "Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-470_s",
          "context": ". They travel by train to the nearest station . After arriving at the station . There , he reveals that Spectre has been staging terrorist attacks around the world , creating a need for the Nine Eyes programme . In return Spectre will be given unlimited access to intelligence gathered by Nine Eyes . , Hannes , became his temporary guardian . , destroying the base in the process .",
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              "original_question": "Who is the link between Oberhauser and Bond?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15107_s",
          "context": ". In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing . Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the `` effectual truth '' instead . Their contemporary -- 1519 -RRB- said , `` If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down , then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings . ''",
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              "question": "When did Da Vinci die?",
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                  "text": "1519",
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              "original_question": "When did da Vinci die?"
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          "context": "The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan -LRB- PCT -RRB- is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan , with some 238,372 members as of 2009 -LRB- including a majority of the island 's aborigines -RRB- . English Presbyterian missionary James Laidlaw Maxwell established the first Presbyterian church in Tainan in 1865 . , of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission , was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901 ; he founded the island 's first university and hospital , and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan . The English and Canadian missions joined together as the PCT in 1912 . One of the few churches permitted to operate in Taiwan through the era of Japanese rule -LRB- 1895 -- 1945 -RRB- , the PCT experienced rapid growth during the era of Guomindang-imposed martial law -LRB- 1949 -- 1987 -RRB- , in part due to its support for democracy , human rights , and Taiwan independence . -- 2000 -RRB- is a Presbyterian .",
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              "question": "Who was the first person to bring the Presbyterian Church to Taiwan?",
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                  "text": "James Laidlaw Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 240
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              "original_question": "Who was the first person to bring Presbyterianism into Taiwan?"
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          "context": ", the combination of a new young president , and a young new manager , former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard , saw the club bounce back . On the field , an influx of international players , including Ronaldinho , combined with home grown Spanish players , led to the club 's return to success . -- 05 , and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third , respectively .",
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              "original_question": "After Gaspart, who was manager of team Barcelona?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1958_s",
          "context": ", when the Royal Canadian Navy , Canadian Army , and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands . Its roots , however , lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies . Thereafter , a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established , followed by an air force , that , remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931 , in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War .",
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              "question": "When did Canada gain independence from Britain?",
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                  "text": "1931",
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              "original_question": "When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?"
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          "context": "In the first week of May 2013 , Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector , whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours . -- the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of € 4.8 billion over a three-year period .",
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              "question": "Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal in 2013?",
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                  "text": "Passos Coelho",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4399_s",
          "context": "After 13 months at the hospital . In February 1917 , revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners . Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group . In April 1917 -- 17 July 1917 . , Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks . , but escaped from the train . He hid with a Russian family in Omsk . After the October Revolution , he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk . Following a White counteroffensive , where he married Belousova . In the spring of 1918 , he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party . By June of the same year , Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family , and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year .",
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              "id": "56f71800711bf01900a4494a_s",
              "question": "Where did Broz belosova get married?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Broz marry Belousova?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17667_s",
          "context": "During the Soviet period , the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice . Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language , the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian , although it was declared the official language only in 1990 . , several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages , which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian , though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5730f53c05b4da19006bcc93_s",
              "question": "When did the Soviet Union take Russian as its official language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 312
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              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the USSR make Russian the official language?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17884_s",
          "context": ", after rounds of negotiations , Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi . , the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932 , with Puyi , as the emperor . After the invasion by the Soviet Union .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315058497a881900248dc1_s",
              "question": "When was Manchuria founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Manchukuo created?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14274_s",
          "context": "Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. He is pictured as a terrible god, less trusted by the Greeks than other gods. The god seems to be related to Appaliunas, a tutelary god of Wilusa (Troy) in Asia Minor, but the word is not complete. The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo. The Greeks gave to him the name ἀγυιεύς agyieus as the protector god of public places and houses who wards off evil, and his symbol was a tapered stone or column. However, while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated at the seventh day of the month, and the emphasis given to that day (sibutu) indicates a Babylonian origin.",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d6123acd2414000dffdb_s",
              "question": "When was Apollo's party celebrated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "seventh day of the month",
                  "answer_start": 669
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the feasts of Apollo celebrated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15747_s",
          "context": "Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. \"Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "gian carlo menotti"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573051b9069b531400832041_s",
              "question": "Who chose Charleston for the American version of the festival?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gian Carlo Menotti",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8430_s",
          "context": "He was moved to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety and sought unsuccessfully to be transferred to Constantinople in order to offer his services to the Sultan. During this period, he wrote the romantic novella Clisson et Eugénie, about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's own relationship with Désirée. On 15 September, Bonaparte was removed from the list of generals in regular service for his refusal to serve in the Vendée campaign. He faced a difficult financial situation and reduced career prospects.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265f7e5951b619008f70e5_s",
              "question": "Where was Napoleon's attempt to be transferred after entering the public safety committee unsuccessful?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Constantinople",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After his move to the Committee of Public Safety, where did Napoleon unsuccessfully attempt to be transferred to?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6301_s",
          "context": "In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena . In his theory , James proposed that the perception of what he called an `` exciting fact '' directly led to a physiological response , known as `` emotion . '' To account for different types of emotional experiences , James proposed that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system , which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain . , and therefore this theory became known as the James . As James wrote , `` the perception of bodily changes , as they occur , is the emotion . '' James further claims that `` we feel sad because we cry , angry because we strike , afraid because we tremble , and neither we cry , strike , nor tremble because we are sorry , angry , or fearful , as the case may be . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a70116d058f1900182e66_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the exciting facts that led to emotion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William James",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9243_s",
          "context": "The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: \"Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or.\" The crest was: \"A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper.\" The supporters were: \"Two lions rampant guardant Or, each supporting a banner erect Argent, charged with a cross Gules.\" The motto was AUSPICIO REGIS ET SENATUS ANGLIÆ (Latin: By right of the King and the Senate of England).",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268432f1498d1400e8e25f_s",
              "question": "When were the weapons of EIC in France and England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1698",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "what year did the EIC arms include both france and england?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12911_s",
          "context": "Campus Martius , a reconfiguration of downtown 's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004 . The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States . The city 's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment , following successful examples of other older industrial cities . , the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city 's 300th anniversary celebration . , the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c6e83acd2414000dec19_s",
              "question": "When was the matius campus open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year was Campus Martius open?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15978_s",
          "context": "General Dong Zhuo -LRB- d. 192 AD -RRB- found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside . He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who controls Luoyang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Dong Zhuo",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had taken control of Luoyang?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4248_s",
          "context": ". In 1348 , the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174eb_s",
              "question": "When did the black death first come to England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1348",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-250_s",
          "context": ", the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger . , while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain . As the composer 's illness progressed , whom she called her `` third child '' . In letters to third parties , she vented her impatience , referring to him as a `` child , '' a `` little angel '' , a `` sufferer '' and a `` beloved little corpse . '' , whose main characters -- a rich actress and a prince in weak health , who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer 's galleys . , and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which , in Sand 's words , made `` a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship . '' The two would never meet again .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe169234ae51400d9bfec_s",
              "question": "Who is Thornton and his daughter solanger engaged to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Auguste Clésinger",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whom did Sand's daughter Solange become engaged to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-690_s",
          "context": "The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d10e8f17492d1400aab84e_s",
              "question": "When did the Super Bowl appear in the metropolitan stadium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did a Super Bowl occur at MetLife Stadium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4553_s",
          "context": "On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" (Latin: \"I accept nothing new except by common consent\"). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run \"Commonwealth\".",
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            "3 may 1505"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82bcfaef2371900625e9d_s",
              "question": "When did the nisir Novi Nisi community law reach a consensus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "3 May 1505",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3627_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , Jeff Foley published War on the Floor . The 5-foot-6 -LRB- 170 cm -RRB- , self-described `` unathletic writer '' played in three preseason games and had one catch for − 2 yards .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b2_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the war on the floor: an ordinary man playing in the arena Football League, and then living to write?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jeff Foley",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8791_s",
          "context": "Widowed in 1861 , the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle , Balmoral Castle and Osborne House . , even neglected . , a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace , saying : `` These commanding premises to be let or sold , in consequence of the late occupant 's declining business . '' Eventually , public opinion forced the Queen to return to London , though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible . Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle , presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726151f38643c19005acfc5_s",
              "question": "When did Prince Albert die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prince Albert die?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7476_s",
          "context": ", the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander , Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery -LRB- not in the face of the enemy -RRB- below the level required for the George Medal . The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual , and not by the level of gallantry -LRB- and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal -RRB- . Oddly , this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal , but , as an Order , was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials . From 14 January 1958 , these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry .",
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            {
              "id": "570e6d560dc6ce1900205052_s",
              "question": "When was the order of the Knights of the British Empire appointed the medal of bravery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "14 January 1958",
                  "answer_start": 592
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4412_s",
          "context": ", Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945 , two days after his release from imprisonment . The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church . Under Stepinac 's leadership , the bishops ' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September , 1945 . The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial . In October 1946 , in its first special session for 75 years . Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest , with the option of emigration open to the archbishop . At the conclusion of the `` Informbiro period '' , reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f72f20711bf01900a44a36_s",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the Yugoslav Episcopal Council?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aloysius Stepinac",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14099_s",
          "context": "From the 17th through 19th centuries , the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an `` ideology of race '' . According to this ideology , races are primordial , natural , enduring and distinct . It was further argued that some groups may be the result of mixture between formerly distinct populations , but that careful study could distinguish the ancestral races that had combined to produce admixed groups . In the United States the racial theories of Thomas Jefferson were influential . He saw Africans as inferior to Whites especially in regards to their intellect , and imbued with unnatural sexual appetites , but described Native Americans as equals to whites .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dbc5ff5b5019007da846_s",
              "question": "Who pays particular attention to the unnatural sexuality of Africans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Jefferson",
                  "answer_start": 551
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who particularly noted the unnatural sexual appetites of Africans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16974_s",
          "context": ", was invaded on 28 February with landings of the Eighth Army at Puerto Princesa . , but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April , as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles , dispersed as small units .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57323deae17f3d1400422779_s",
              "question": "Where did the Eighth Army land?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Puerto Princesa",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Eighth Army land?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10196_s",
          "context": "The immediate cause of the riots is unclear , with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause . Whole villages have been `` decimated '' . Over 300 houses and a number of public buildings have been razed . According to Tun Khin , as of 28 June 2012 , 650 Rohingyas have been killed , 1,200 are missing , and more than 80,000 have been displaced . According to the Myanmar authorities , the violence , left 78 people dead , 87 injured , and thousands of homes destroyed . It displaced more than 52,000 people .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57288a732ca10214002da454_s",
              "question": "Who is the president of brauk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tun Khin",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the president of the BROUK's UK division?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1725_s",
          "context": "The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes , who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin . Upon independence in 1960 , the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo . The People 's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist -- Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991 . Multi-party elections have been held since 1992 , although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years .",
          "c_entity": [
            "equatorial africa",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dcda7b9a695914005b9457_s",
              "question": "Who is the ruler of Congo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Denis Sassou Nguesso",
                  "answer_start": 470
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the ruler of the Congo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11082_s",
          "context": "The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. Theater performances are also offered at the Raleigh Little Theatre, Long View Center, Ira David Wood III Pullen Park Theatre, and Stewart and Thompson Theaters at North Carolina State University.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b7f6708984140094ceef_s",
              "question": "What time does the mayandi theatre open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Meymandi Theater open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9377_s",
          "context": ", a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes . The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods . , and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods . Only a small section of the original lake remains , located outside the Federal District .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267657708984140094c6fb_s",
              "question": "Where is the lake of atenko?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal District",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the lake located in Atenco?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8477_s",
          "context": ", the Allies exiled him to Elba , an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean , 20 km -LRB- 12 mi -RRB- off the Tuscan coast . They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor . Its potency had weakened with age , however . In the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army , developed the iron mines , and issued decrees on modern agricultural methods .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bf80f1498d1400e8ea1a_s",
              "question": "Where is the Elba sea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mediterranean",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what sea is Elba located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8214_s",
          "context": ", when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . However , the position changed following the revolution , and all lodges were forced to close in 1965 . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265d965951b619008f70ac_s",
              "question": "When did all the brick houses in Iraq close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 190
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "All Masonic lodges were forced to close in Iraq in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16848_s",
          "context": "The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army. He cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy. The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one. For a maritime power the loss of their access to the Mediterranean stung financially and psychologically, and the Carthaginians sued for peace.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several defeats against the Romans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Xanthippus",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7896_s",
          "context": ", Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria . Shortly thereafter , however , renewed the order for Athanasius 's banishment in 338 . Athanasius went to Rome , where he was under the protection of Constans , the Emperor of the West . During this time , Gregory of Cappadocia was installed as the Patriarch of Alexandria , usurping the absent Athanasius . Athanasius did , however , remain in contact with his people through his annual Festal Letters , in which he also announced on which date Easter would be celebrated that year .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae2ea32177014007e9fa0_s",
              "question": "Who was the patriarch of Alexandria in the absence of Athanasius?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gregory of Cappadocia",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became Patriarch in Alexandria while Athanasius was away?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2367_s",
          "context": ". , dispersed suburbia . Most of the city centre shops had been destroyed and those that remained were cleared to enable a zoned reconstruction according to his plan . In 1962 the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre was constructed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1943",
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            "1962",
            "1951",
            "1957"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b987_s",
              "question": "When was the downtown built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Civic Centre built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4769_s",
          "context": "Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8deb99b226e1400dd1146_s",
              "question": "When will Guinea Bissau become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 457
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13385_s",
          "context": "`` At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope , ready to anoint him . The pope began to speak for the very last time : `` I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family , modest and poor , but with the fear of the Lord . My time on earth is drawing to a close . But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church . Souls , souls , ut omnes unum sint . '' -LSB- c -RSB- Van Lierde then anointed his eyes , ears , mouth , hands and feet . Overcome by emotion , Van Lierde forgot the right order of anointing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "11 am",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572806fa2ca10214002d9bea_s",
              "question": "When did the Pope say goodbye?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 am",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the pope bid farewell?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11853_s",
          "context": "Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority . -LSB- non-primary source needed -RSB- Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these policies are just another form of discrimination no different from examples in the past . People like Ward Connerly assert that affirmative action requires the very discrimination it is seeking to eliminate . According to these opponents , this contradiction might make affirmative action counter-productive . One argument for reverse discrimination is the idea that affirmative action encourages mediocrity and incompetence . Job positions would not be offered to the applicants who are the most qualified , but to applicants with a special trait such as a certain race , ethnicity , or gender . For example , opponents say affirmative action causes unprepared applicants to be accepted in highly demanding educational institutions or jobs which result in eventual failure -LRB- see , for example , bar exam and eventual performance at law firms -RRB- . Other opponents say that affirmative action lowers the bar and so denies those who strive for excellence on their own merit and the sense of real achievement . Opponents of affirmative action suggest that merit should be the primary factor considered in applying for job positions , college , graduate school , etc. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard sander",
            "ward connerly"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727547df1498d1400e8f64e_s",
              "question": "Who is to say that affirmative action is an example of another form of discrimination?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ward Connerly",
                  "answer_start": 431
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is another form of discrimination?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14752_s",
          "context": "The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous. The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact.",
          "c_entity": [
            "middle east"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a4d053f37b31900478872_s",
              "question": "Where was the economic system of the Ottoman Empire established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Middle East",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what regions concepts was the Ottoman economic system based on?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6954_s",
          "context": ", held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building . , were laid . In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1880",
            "1885",
            "the following year",
            "1881",
            "the decade",
            "the same year",
            "1890"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e50150dc6ce1900204f5b_s",
              "question": "When was the first line of Melbourne tram completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1885",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10770_s",
          "context": "The most famous passage in Burke 's Reflections was his description of the events of 5 -- 6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them . Burke 's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources . His use of flowery language to describe it , however , provoked both praise and criticism . Edward Gibbon , however , reacted differently : `` I adore his chivalry '' . , she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it . Price had rejoiced that the French king had been `` led in triumph '' during the October Days , but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror -- that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette -- was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marie-antoinette",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ac66dd62a815002e8c98_s",
              "question": "Who likes Burke's chivalry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward Gibbon",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who adored Burke's chivalry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18370_s",
          "context": ". As the seat of government , the term `` Planalto '' is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government . The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palácio do Planalto . The President and his or her family do not live in it , rather in the official residence , the Palácio da Alvorada . Besides the President , senior advisors also have offices in the `` Planalto . The other Ministries are along the Esplanada dos Ministérios . The architect of the Palácio do Planalto was Oscar Niemeyer . The idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose the columns and exterior structures . The Palace is four stories high , and has an area of 36,000 m2 . Four other adjacent buildings are also part of the complex .",
          "c_entity": [
            "praça",
            "brazil",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e3480fdd8d15006c6609_s",
              "question": "Where is the vice president's office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palácio do Planalto",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the VP's offices?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2390_s",
          "context": "The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College . The college closed in 1910 . ; training was transferred to the University of Southampton .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1910",
            "five years",
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            "1880",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df660896943c1400a5d4d8_s",
              "question": "When did the Royal Naval Academy of Engineering close the doors of Plymouth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1910",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8348_s",
          "context": "Philip V , was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the `` cloud rising in the west '' : the ever-increasing power of Rome . He was known as `` the darling of Hellas '' . Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus -LRB- 217 BC -RRB- brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues -LRB- the social war 220-217 -RRB- to an end , and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens .",
          "c_entity": [
            "philip v",
            "doson",
            "rhodes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725cb5eec44d21400f3d5ac_s",
              "question": "Who controlled Dorson after his death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philip V",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took control when Doson died?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16930_s",
          "context": "Japan sponsored several puppet governments, one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei. However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cb260fdd8d15006c6531_s",
              "question": "When will the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1941",
                  "answer_start": 489
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the co-operation between Chinese nationalist forces and communists end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6921_s",
          "context": "Despite Martin Luther 's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints , theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church . He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God . Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther , was a firm adherent of that view . , which , at that time was undefined in the Church , maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life . For Luther , early in his life , the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact , although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast . Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death . `` Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer , Luther preached , taught , and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics . His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety . '' Luther , while revering Mary , came to criticize the `` Papists '' for blurring the line , between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being , and religious service given to another creature . He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints ' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry . :",
          "c_entity": [
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            "marian",
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            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5057fed7b91900d458a3_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the Roman Catholic debate about Mary's faith?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Luther",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8188_s",
          "context": ". She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . Salisbury 's government only lasted a few months , however , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "victoria",
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            "gordon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57240d2b0ba9f01400d97b58_s",
              "question": "Who took over from Gladstone after he resigned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Gladstone after he resigned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4406_s",
          "context": "After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943 , and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident , Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito . This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans . On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis , the Treaty of Vis -LRB- Viški sporazum -RRB- was signed in an attempt to merge Tito 's government -LRB- the AVNOJ -RRB- with the government in exile of King Peter II .",
          "c_entity": [
            "franklin roosevelt",
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            "winston churchill",
            "draža mihailović",
            "balkan air force",
            "joseph stalin",
            "peter ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7279f711bf01900a449f5_s",
              "question": "From whom did the Allied leaders exchange support for Tito?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Draža Mihailović",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8385_s",
          "context": "Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria -LRB- the First and , Second Illyrian Wars -RRB- . Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon . As a result , in an attempt to reduce Roman influence in the Balkans . Forcing the Romans to fight on another front when they were at a nadir of manpower gained Philip the lasting enmity of the Romans ; the only real result from the somewhat insubstantial First Macedonian War -LRB- 215 -- 202 BC -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "philip v",
            "demetrius",
            "hannibal",
            "romans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f659ec44d21400f3d795_s",
              "question": "Who did Hannibal beat in the cannibal campaign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Romans",
                  "answer_start": 323
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-369_s",
          "context": "Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang , presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama . In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress , but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel . , spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter . , but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama . However , '' by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites , and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies . , confiscated their wealth and property , and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "avalokiteśvara",
            "rawski",
            "sonam chöpel",
            "goldstein",
            "lozang gyatso",
            "güshi khan",
            "van praag"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b88691_s",
              "question": "Who is the government power granted by Khan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the regent Sonam Chöpel",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-306_s",
          "context": "The Mongol prince Godan , raided as far as Lhasa . During his attack in 1240 -- 1251 -RRB- , leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism , to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China . -- 1246 -RRB- . , stating that `` this investiture had little real impact '' but it was significant in that it established the unique `` Priest-Patron '' relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "töregene khatun",
            "sakya pandita",
            "michael c. van walt van praag",
            "godan",
            "genghis khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeec_s",
              "question": "Who is the prince of Mongolia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Godan",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Mongol prince?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11298_s",
          "context": "One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is the case with Yu Shyi-kun, simply substituting a homophone for the rare character in the hope that the reader would be able to make the correct inference. Taiwanese political posters, movie posters etc. will often add the bopomofo phonetic symbols next to such a character. Japanese newspapers may render such names and words in katakana instead of kanji, and it is accepted practice for people to write names for which they are unsure of the correct kanji in katakana instead.",
          "c_entity": [
            "yu shyi-kun"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e27e708984140094d4bd_s",
              "question": "Who are Taiwanese politicians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yu Shyi-kun",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is a Taiwanese politician?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7615_s",
          "context": ", it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government . , the Lord President of the Council . , the Lord Chancellor , consulted the British Cabinet , and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee , resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eden",
            "british cabinet",
            "salisbury",
            "harold macmillan",
            "kilmuir",
            "conservative party",
            "winston churchill"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fefd85ab6b819003910e9_s",
              "question": "Who did Salisbury and kilmour ask?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "British Cabinet",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13885_s",
          "context": "Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties . This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book . , with four standard variants spoken in Serbia , Croatia , Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina . The mutual intelligibility between their speakers `` exceeds that between the standard variants of English , French , German , or Spanish '' . Other linguists have argued that the differences between the variants of Serbo-Croatian are less significant than those between the variants of English , German , , Dutch .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hindi-urdu",
            "enisa kafadar",
            "daniel bunčić"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572998533f37b319004784d0_s",
              "question": "Who believes that serbo Croatian is a multilingual language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Enisa Kafadar",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11758_s",
          "context": "There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants . This has already been done for the metre , which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light . The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram , whose value has been fixed for all science -LRB- since 1889 -RRB- by the mass of a small cylinder of platinum -- iridium alloy kept in a vault just outside Paris . While nobody knows if the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram has changed since 1889 -- the value 1 kg of its mass expressed in kilograms is by definition unchanged and therein lies one of the problems -- it is known that over such a timescale the many similar Pt -- Ir alloy cylinders kept in national laboratories around the world , have changed their relative mass by several tens of parts per million , however carefully they are stored , and the more so the more they have been taken out and used as mass standards .",
          "c_entity": [
            "planck",
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57297608af94a219006aa476_s",
              "question": "Where is the basic unit of kilogram?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in a vault just outside Paris",
                  "answer_start": 428
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12101_s",
          "context": ". In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant 's research into marine invertebrates . Grant revealed his enthusiasm for the transmutation of species , but Darwin rejected it . Starting in 1827 . Filled with zeal for science .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cambridge university",
            "john stevens henslow",
            "robert grant",
            "john herschel",
            "alexander von humboldt",
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            "edinburgh university",
            "paley",
            "darwin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572777f5708984140094de74_s",
              "question": "Who helped Darwin study invertebrates?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Grant",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Darwin assist in researching marine invertebrates?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10898_s",
          "context": "A major turning point in the development of DC machines took place in 1864 , the brushes of which delivered practically non-fluctuating current . The first commercially successful DC motors followed the invention by Zénobe Gramme who , in 1871 . In 1873 , Gramme showed that his dynamo could be used as a motor , which he demonstrated to great effect at exhibitions in Vienna and Philadelphia by connecting two such DC motors at a distance of up to 2 km away from each other , one as a generator . -LRB- See also 1873 : l'expérience décisive -LSB- Decisive Workaround -RSB- . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "zénobe gramme",
            "antonio pacinotti"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a572dd62a815002e8be3_s",
              "question": "Who invented an engine like pacinotti?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zénobe Gramme",
                  "answer_start": 216
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created a motor similar to Pacinotti?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8382_s",
          "context": "In Arabia , Bahrain , which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos , the centre of pearl trading , when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great . The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander 's commanders to visit these islands . It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire . , and although it is not clear that this happened on the scale he envisaged , Tylos was very much part of the Hellenised world : the language of the upper classes was Greek -LRB- although Aramaic was in everyday use -RRB- , while Zeus was worshipped in the form of the Arabian sun-god Shams . Tylos even became the site of Greek athletic contests .",
          "c_entity": [
            "qalat",
            "persian gulf",
            "bahrain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f37fec44d21400f3d782_s",
              "question": "Where is the center of pearl trade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bahrain",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the central point of pearl trading?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8176_s",
          "context": ", Victoria 's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London . They had been betrothed since September 1855 , when Princess Victoria was 14 years old ; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17 . Victoria felt `` sick at heart '' to see her daughter leave England for Germany ; `` It really makes me shudder '' , she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters , `` when I look round to all your sweet , happy , unconscious sisters , and think I must give them up too -- one by one . '' Almost exactly a year later , Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen 's first grandchild .",
          "c_entity": [
            "prince albert",
            "kaiser",
            "frederick william",
            "orsini",
            "wilhelm",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572501720ba9f01400d97c25_s",
              "question": "Who was Princess Victoria when she was 17?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Frederick William of Prussia",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2782_s",
          "context": "The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927 . , having first been elected in 2004 , and re-elected in 2006 , 2010 , and 2014 . Eight councilpersons represent each of the eight wards of Oklahoma City . City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in late 2000 . Couch previously served as assistant city manager , Metropolitan Area Projects Plan -LRB- MAPS -RRB- director and utilities director prior to his service as city manager .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jim couch",
            "mick cornett"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df777256340a1900b29bda_s",
              "question": "Who is the city manager?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jim Couch",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the city Manager?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15798_s",
          "context": ", founded in 1920 , adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union . , and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a `` red sun '' . During the Cultural Revolution in China , and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies . , with eighty million members .",
          "c_entity": [
            "communist party of china",
            "under party",
            "mao zedong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731639ce6313a140071cec2_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the Communist Party of China when it came to power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mao Zedong",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14385_s",
          "context": "The winner , became an imperial advisor , and was the first warrior to attain such a position . He eventually seized control of the central government , establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status . However , the Minamoto , and instead of expanding or strengthening its military might , the clan had its women marry Emperors and exercise control through the Emperor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "taira no kiyomori",
            "minamoto"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728edc03acd2414000e01ee_s",
              "question": "Who is the heir of the Tyra family?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Minamoto",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded the Taira clan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2775_s",
          "context": ". , including perennial All-Star point guard Russell Westbrook .",
          "c_entity": [
            "northwest division",
            "kevin durant",
            "nba",
            "serge ibaka",
            "russell westbrook",
            "billy donovan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df6fa75ca0a614008f9a2b_s",
              "question": "Who is the thunder guard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Russell Westbrook",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Thunders point guard?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8353_s",
          "context": ". The first Greek colony in the region was Massalia , which became one of the largest trading ports of Mediterranean by the 4th century BCE with 6,000 inhabitants . The coins minted in Massalia have been found in all parts of Ligurian-Celtic Gaul . Celtic coinage was influenced by Greek designs , and Greek letters can be found on various Celtic coins , especially those of Southern France . , and to Switzerland and Burgundy . The Hellenistic period saw the Greek alphabet spread into southern Gaul from Massalia -LRB- 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE -RRB- and according to Strabo . A staunch ally of Rome .",
          "c_entity": [
            "massalia",
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            "celts",
            "strabo",
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            "pompey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d04f89a1e219009abf33_s",
              "question": "Who says that massaria is the center of education?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Strabo",
                  "answer_start": 570
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Massalia was the center of education according to whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3057_s",
          "context": ", the term bandes dessinées -LRB- `` drawn strips '' -RRB- came into wide use in French to denote the medium . Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences , and the term `` Ninth Art '' -LSB- e -RSB- was coined , as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform . A group including René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo founded the magazine Pilote in 1959 to give artists greater freedom over their work . Goscinny and Uderzo 's The Adventures of Asterix appeared in it and went on to become the best-selling French-language comics series .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1960s",
            "may 1968",
            "1959"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e032247aa994140058e34c_s",
              "question": "When did the pilot start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 378
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Pilote begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-336_s",
          "context": ", but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance . Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet . He asserts that `` by conferring titles on Tibetans already in power , the Ming emperors merely recognized political reality . '' , the Phagmodru -LRB- 1354 -- 1435 -RRB- -- 1565 -RRB- -- 1642 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mongol yuan",
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            "helmut hoffman",
            "hugh edward richardson",
            "rinpungpa",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd70e962d2951400fa65b2_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the Ming Dynasty had no real authority over Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Melvyn C. Goldstein",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15219_s",
          "context": "In 2002 , businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor . Also in 2002 , Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery . The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage . In January 2007 , as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century , with Republicans now elected by conservative voters , who previously had supported Democrats .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states senate",
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            "ron ramsey",
            "bob corker"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c8173dfb02c14005c6b7f_s",
              "question": "Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phil Bredesen",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1733_s",
          "context": "Under the 1963 constitution , Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term . During Massamba-Débat 's term in office the regime adopted `` scientific socialism '' as the country 's constitutional ideology . In 1965 , Congo established relations with the Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , North Korea and North Vietnam . Nevertheless , Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional , tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "massamba-débat"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dcec399a695914005b947c_s",
              "question": "Who became president of Congo in 1963?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Massamba-Débat",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1963?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13289_s",
          "context": "On 25 January 1952 , a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen . Afterwards , Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egypt . In May , Nasser received word that Farouk knew the names of the Free Officers and intended to arrest them ; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ismailia",
            "cairo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f8314b864d19001640d7_s",
              "question": "Where are the British and Egyptian police arguing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ismailia",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did British forces and Egyptian police clash?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14391_s",
          "context": "Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics , heavily used arquebuses , developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation . , which had inflamed futile struggles among the populace for centuries . Attacking from the `` sanctuary '' of Buddhist temples , they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions . He died in 1582 when one of his generals , turned upon him with his army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oda nobunaga",
            "akechi mitsuhide",
            "ashikaga bakufu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f03bff5b5019007da99e_s",
              "question": "Who often uses arquebus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oda Nobunaga",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who used arquebuses a lot?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-74_s",
          "context": "In 2011 , documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi . Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts ; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund .",
          "c_entity": [
            "minute",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf9dbda10cfb14005511c6_s",
              "question": "When did the leak happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did this leak happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3608_s",
          "context": "Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner.",
          "c_entity": [
            "foxwoods"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746c_s",
              "question": "Where did Scott butra work before he became Commissioner of the American labor union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Foxwoods",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-363_s",
          "context": ", departed for Tibet . Before he left , he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng -LRB- 1525 -- 1582 -RRB- , which arrived on March 12 , 1579 . Sometime in August or September of that year -- 1620 -RRB- ; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China . However , even though he was only 400 km -LRB- 250 mi -RRB- from Beijing . '' Although not recorded in any official Chinese records , and invited him to Beijing for a second time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dalai lama",
            "laird",
            "altan khan",
            "sonam gyatso",
            "zhang juzheng"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce42afaab44d1400b88623_s",
              "question": "Who are the Chinese in Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhang Juzheng",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Ming Chinese official?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13734_s",
          "context": "Another view , advanced by Richard Dawkins , is that the existence of God is an empirical question , on the grounds that `` a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without , and it would be a scientific difference . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard dawkins",
            "carl sagan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c02d82babe914003c297c_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the existence of God is an empirical problem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dawkins",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1881_s",
          "context": ". According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010 , other sites were still being archived , but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing , an infrequent operation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2010",
            "august 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddbc9766d3e219004dacc7_s",
              "question": "When did Kaplan comment on the status quo of non open directory websites?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2010",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kaplan make comments about the status of non-Open Directory sites?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17166_s",
          "context": "The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics , although it has also taken on cases involving lay people . The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader . The Court 's rulings are final and can not be appealed . The Assembly of Experts , which meets for one week annually , comprises 86 `` virtuous and learned '' clerics elected by adult suffrage for eight-year terms . As with the presidential and parliamentary elections . It has not challenged any of the Supreme Leader 's decisions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "assembly",
            "special clerical court",
            "guardian council"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302728947a6a140053d1a2_s",
              "question": "Who deals with cases when clergy commit crimes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Special Clerical Court",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18670_s",
          "context": "Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science -LRB- see the history of science in the Renaissance -RRB- . This was despite what A. C. Crombie -LRB- viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress -RRB- calls `` a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity '' , in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world . But Renaissance humanists , who considered themselves as restoring the glory and nobility of antiquity , had no interest in scientific innovation . However , by the mid-to-late 16th century , even the universities , though still dominated by Scholasticism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a. c. crombie",
            "galileo",
            "aristotle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573281b0b3a91d1900202de6_s",
              "question": "Who doesn't think finding new ideas for these old documents is the way forward?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "A. C. Crombie",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8188_s",
          "context": "Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated . She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' , and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . , however , and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule , but to Victoria 's glee it was defeated . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a few months",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267cb7dd62a815002e86ea_s",
              "question": "When did Gladstone resign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1885",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Gladstone resign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4012_s",
          "context": "KU football dates from 1890 , and has played in the Orange Bowl three times : 1948 , 1968 , and 2008 . They are currently coached by David Beaty , who was hired in 2014 . In 2008 , with a 24 . This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history -- 1 -LRB- .923 -RRB- . The team plays at Memorial Stadium , adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field , weight room , and new locker room .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anderson family football complex",
            "jayhawks",
            "fedex orange bowl",
            "mark mangino",
            "david beaty",
            "virginia tech hokies"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77367_s",
              "question": "Who is the current Ku football project leader?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Beaty",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current head of KU's football program?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1838_s",
          "context": "The world 's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola -LRB- Bergschule -RRB- established in Selmecbánya , Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining . In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses .",
          "c_entity": [
            "court chamber of vienna",
            "sopron"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b552_s",
              "question": "Who founded mountain school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Court Chamber of Vienna",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the Berg-Schola?"
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          "context": "Around 66 BC , a movement to use constitutional , or at least peaceful , means to address the plight of various classes began . After several failures , the movement 's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals . The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina . The movement was based in the town of Faesulae , which was a natural hotbed of agrarian agitation . The rural malcontents were to advance on Rome , and be aided by an uprising within the city . After assassinating the consuls and most of the senators , Catiline would be free to enact his reforms . The conspiracy was set in motion in 63 BC . The consul for the year . As a result , the top conspirators in Rome -LRB- including at least one former consul -RRB- were executed by authorisation -LRB- of dubious constitutionality -RRB- of the senate , and the planned uprising was disrupted . , which cut Catiline 's forces to pieces .",
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              "question": "Who orchestrated an uprising, ideally to see the death of most Roman senators?",
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                  "text": "Lucius Sergius Catilina",
                  "answer_start": 299
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              "original_question": "Which individual had planned an uprising that ideally would see the death of most of the Roman senators?"
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          "context": "Each August , which features entire daily schedules devoted to the work of a particular actor , with movies and specials that pertain to the star of the day . In the summer of 2007 , the channel debuted `` Funday Night at the Movies '' , a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny -LRB- best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants -RRB- . This summer block featured classic feature films -LRB- such as The Wizard of Oz , Sounder , Bringing Up Baby , Singin ' in the Rain .",
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              "question": "Who is the host of the film \"night of Fundy\"?",
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          "context": "The men 's basketball team has over 1,600 wins , one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark . The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams . The team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams , and those nine wins rank second , all-time in wins against the top team . , which reopened for the beginning of the 2009 -- 2010 season . The team is coached by Mike Brey , who , as of the 2014 -- 15 season , his fifteenth at Notre Dame , has achieved a 332-165 record . In 2009 they were invited to the NIT . The 2010 -- 11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country , with a record of 25 -- 5 , Brey 's fifth straight 20-win season , and a second-place finish in the Big East . During the 2014-15 season , the team went 32-6 and won the ACC conference tournament , later advancing to the Elite 8 , where the Fighting Irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated Kentucky . The 32 wins were the most by the Fighting Irish team since 1908-09 .",
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          "context": "In June 2005 , presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá . , claiming to be the legitimate president of the country , but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira , deposed in the 1999 coup . , claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital , Bissau .",
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              "question": "Who won the election?",
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                  "text": "João Bernardo Vieira",
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          "context": "Yale 's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement . Of the New Critics , Robert Penn Warren , W.K. Wimsatt , and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty . Later , the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction . Jacques Derrida , the father of deconstruction , taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s . Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction , forming the so-called `` Yale School '' . These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French , J. Hillis Miller , Geoffrey Hartman -LRB- both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature -RRB- , and Harold Bloom -LRB- English -RRB- , whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific , and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group . Yale 's history department has also originated important intellectual trends . ; likewise , David Montgomery , a labor historian . The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957 ; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars .",
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              "question": "When was the music theory magazine founded?",
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              "original_question": "When was The Journal of Music Theory founded?"
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          "context": ". , this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were `` afraid of water '' . In Fujian , it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban . Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as `` barbarian '' .",
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              "question": "Who do Manchurians send to fight happy Canada?",
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              "original_question": "Who did the Manchus send to battle Koxinga's troops?"
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          "context": "Since the 19th century , many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or `` gatekeeper '' , sometimes described as the President 's Private Secretary , sometimes with no official title at all . Every president after Lyndon Johnson has also appointed staff to this position . Initially , but each eventually appointed one .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the last president not to appoint a Chief of Staff?"
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          "context": "A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court , while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the `` length and arduousness of the journey '' to China as another reason not to make an appearance . , this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian -LRB- 候顯 , which was again refused by Tsongkhapa . Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court , so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf -- the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet . This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning , or to have given its holder any power , at Tsongkhapa 's Ganden Monastery . Wylie notes that this -- like the Karma Kargyu -- can not be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices .",
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              "question": "When was josje shiluoke sent to Nanjing?",
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              "original_question": "When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?"
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          "context": ". Thereafter , he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards , ports , port facilities , or shipping in dock or at sea . -- Karl Dönitz -- would -- gain control of one unit -LRB- KG 40 -RRB- . Instead , he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik -LRB- Flying Command Atlantic -RRB- on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys . , his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain , and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone .",
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              "question": "Who is Riddell's successor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Karl Dönitz",
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              "original_question": "Who was Raeder's successor? "
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          "context": ", mass civil disorder had begun in China , and it was growing continuously . To overcome such problems , also known as the `` Late Qing Reform '' . The edict paved the way for the most far-reaching reforms in terms of their social consequences , including the creation of a national education system and the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905 .",
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              "original_question": "When were imperial examinations halted?"
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          "context": "Historically , the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people . It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia . The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC . In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC . In Greek , Αρμένιοι `` Armenians '' is attested from about the same time , perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus -LRB- 476 BC -RRB- . Xenophon , a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions , describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC . He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians .",
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              "question": "Who described Armenian life in 401 B.C?",
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              "original_question": "Who described Armenian life in 401 BC?"
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          "context": "The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes , who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin . Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa . Upon independence in 1960 , the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo . The People 's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist .",
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              "question": "When did Congo gain independence from colonial rule?",
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                  "text": "1960",
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              "original_question": "When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?"
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          "context": ". It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia . The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858 . The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium . , Essendon , and Western Bulldogs . , attracting an average 40,000 people per game . Additionally , the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final .",
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              "question": "Where is the headquarters of the Australian Football League?",
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                  "answer_start": 221
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              "original_question": "Where is the Australian Football League headquartered?"
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          "context": "Football gameday traditions During home games , activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item -LRB- e.g. Zahm House 's two-story banner -RRB- . Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers ' Circle . This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish and ushers in the rest of the festivities that will continue the rest of the gameday Saturday . Later that day , the trumpet section will play the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater under the dome . The band entire will play a concert at the steps of Bond Hall , leading fans and students alike across campus to the game .",
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              "question": "Where is the Irish fighter band leading the procession to Notre Dame stadium for the football match?",
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                  "text": "the steps of Bond Hall",
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3331_s",
          "context": "One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon , the 26.2-mile -LRB- 42.2 km -RRB- race which is the world 's oldest annual marathon . , two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon . Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta , held in October .",
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              "question": "When will the chairman of the Charles Regatta be held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "October",
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              "original_question": "When is the head of Charles Regatta held?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17176_s",
          "context": "Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science . In 1960 , Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser , and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh . Iranian cardiologist , Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump , the precursor of the artificial heart . Furthering research and treatment of diabetes , HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar . Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory , with many papers being published in Iran . Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten . , Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman , as well as the first-ever Iranian , to receive the Fields Medal , the highest prize in mathematics .",
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              "id": "573033c3a23a5019007fcf72_s",
              "question": "When did Iranian scientist Ali jawan invent the first gas laser?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 88
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              "original_question": "When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser?"
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          "context": "Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain , on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life . He was survived by his wife Mabel , his two daughters , Elsie May and Marian , and nine of his grandchildren .",
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                  "text": "atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain",
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              "original_question": "Where was Bell buried?"
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          "context": "In the Bible , grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm -LRB- Genesis 9:20 -- 21 -RRB- . Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah -- 25 . Deuteronomy 18:3 -- 5,14:22 -- 27,16:13 -- 15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts . Grapes were also significant to both the Greeks and Romans , and their god of agriculture , Dionysus , was linked to grapes and wine , being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head . Grapes are especially significant for Christians , who since the Early Church have used wine in their celebration of the Eucharist . Views on the significance of the wine vary between denominations . In Christian art , grapes often represent the blood of Christ .",
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              "question": "Who in the Bible planted grapes on his farm for the first time?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who in the Bible first grew grapes on their farm?"
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          "context": ", during the Delhi Durbar , George V , then Emperor of India , along with Queen Mary , his Consort , made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi , while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy 's residence in the Coronation Park , Kingsway Camp . , during their imperial visit . The contract was given to Sobha Singh -LRB- later Sir Sobha Singh -RRB- . Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931 . The city that was later dubbed `` Lutyens ' Delhi '' was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin , the Viceroy . Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain 's imperial aspirations .",
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              "question": "When did the inauguration of New Delhi begin?",
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              "original_question": "On what date did inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi begin?"
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          "context": "Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term \"bugs\" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947.",
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              "original_question": "Who first coined the term \"bugs\"?"
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          "context": "After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa . Once Mussolini , the Italian leader , had fallen in Italy , the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche . , who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians , the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country -- making the job more difficult , by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1 ; nevertheless , the invasion of Italy was highly successful .",
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              "question": "Who was the leader of Italy before his deportation?",
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                  "text": "Mussolini",
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              "original_question": "Until he was deposed, who was the leader of Italy?"
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          "context": "The National Archives Building , known informally as Archives I , opened as its original headquarters in 1935 . : the Declaration of Independence , the Constitution , and the Bill of Rights . It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I . These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives , which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom . The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty , the Emancipation Proclamation , and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts .",
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                  "text": "The National Archives Building",
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          "context": "Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans . , an African-American named Prince Hall , along with fourteen other African-Americans , was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland , having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston . When the military Lodge left North America , those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge , but not to initiate Masons . , these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England -LRB- GLE -RRB- and formed African Lodge , Number 459 . When the UGLE was formed in 1813 , all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls . Thus , separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge , African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge , Number 1 -- and became a de facto `` Grand Lodge '' -LRB- this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa -RRB- . As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry , Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state .",
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          "context": ". , in the Mojave Desert of California , is the largest solar power plant in the world . Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW Solnova Solar Power Station and the 100 MW Andasol solar power station , both in Spain . The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project , in the United States , and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India , are the world 's largest photovoltaic plants . Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed , but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW , which are grid connected using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff . In 2013 solar generated less than 1 % of the worlds total grid electricity .",
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          "context": ", starting in 1902 , opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies . His activities soon expanded , and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America 's greatest theater and movie tycoons . , Seattle was for a while the western United States ' vaudeville mecca . B. Marcus Priteca , the Scottish-born and Seattle-based architect , built several theaters for Pantages , including some in Seattle . The theaters he built for Pantages in Seattle have been either demolished or converted to other uses , but many other theaters survive in other cities of the U.S. , often retaining the Pantages name , on which he collaborated , was not a Pantages theater .",
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          "context": "In January 1917 , Joseph Franklin Rutherford , was elected as its next president . His election was disputed . The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade . In June 1917 . The book . It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War . As a result ; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920 .",
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          "context": "By August 1805 . Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies , he decided to strike first and turned his army 's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine . His basic objective was to destroy the isolated Austrian armies in Southern Germany before their Russian allies could arrive . On 25 September , after great secrecy and feverish marching , 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km -LRB- 160 mi -RRB- . Austrian commander Karl Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia . The Ulm Maneuver completely surprised General Mack , who belatedly understood that his army had been cut off . After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm , Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement . For just 2000 French casualties . The Ulm Campaign is generally regarded as a strategic masterpiece and was influential in the development of the Schlieffen Plan in the late 19th century . For the French . , Britain had total domination of the seas for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars .",
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          "context": "The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans . , Sir Henry Norman , 1st Baronet , a journalist , travelled to the Far East , afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East , which came out in 1895 . By `` Far East '' he meant Siberia , China , Japan , Korea , Siam and Malaya . As the book was a big success , The People and Politics of the Near East . Mrs. Norman , a writer herself , wrote glowing letters of the home and person of Mme. Zakki , `` the wife of a Turkish cabinet minister , '' who , she said , was a cultivated woman living in a country home full of books . As for the natives of the Balkans , they were `` a semi-civilized people . ''",
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          "context": "In the Colonial America of 1619 , John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony . Later American English spellings , neger and neggar , prevailed in a northern colony , New York under the Dutch , and in metropolitan Philadelphia 's Moravian and Pennsylvania Dutch communities ; the African Burial Ground in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name `` Begraafplaats van de Neger '' -LRB- Cemetery of the Negro -RRB- ; an early US occurrence of neger in Rhode Island , dates from 1625 .",
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          "context": "The Macintosh , however , was expensive , which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers . In the 1990s , improvements in the rival Wintel platform , notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0 , then Windows 95 , gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems . , and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer . , in line with the PowerBook series -RRB- line in 1994 , the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline .",
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          "context": ", whether with the support of the federal government . , the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions , becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons . In December 2009 , the Federal District became the first city in Latin America , and one of very few in the world , to legalize same-sex marriage .",
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          "context": "Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements , they lacked naval and air support . To relieve the Pusan Perimeter , General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Inchon -LRB- now known as Incheon -RRB- . On 6 July , he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay , Commander , to plan the division 's amphibious landing at Incheon ; on 12 -- 14 July , Japan to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter .",
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          "context": ", eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season . Officially , along with the Atlanta Braves . -RRB-",
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          "context": "Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts , with albums like In Your Honor -LRB- 2005 -RRB- reaching number two in the US and UK , many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity . Acts like Creed , Staind , abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems , narratives and romantic songs . They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether . Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K. , Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry , which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100 . , including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon , and Queens of the Stone Age from the US , Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand . , a supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters ' Dave Grohl , Queens of the Stone Age 's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries .",
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          "context": "On 9 March 2016 . It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle , while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg , the monarch criticised the union . Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement .",
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          "context": "Kierkegaard criticised Hegel 's idealist philosophy in several of his works , particularly his claim to a comprehensive system that could explain the whole of reality . Where Hegel argues that an ultimate understanding of the logical structure of the world is an understanding of the logical structure of God 's mind , Kierkegaard asserting that for God reality can be a system but it can not be so for any human individual because both reality and humans are incomplete and all philosophical systems imply completeness . A logical system is possible but an existential system is not . `` What is rational is actual ; and what is actual is rational '' . Hegel 's absolute idealism blurs the distinction between existence and thought : our mortal nature places limits on our understanding of reality ;",
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          "context": "The junior U.S. Senator from Massachusetts , Paul Tsongas . Kerry ran , and as in his 1982 race for Lieutenant Governor , he did not receive the endorsement of the party regulars at the state Democratic convention . Congressman James Shannon , a favorite of House Speaker Tip O'Neill , was the early favorite to win the nomination , and he `` won broad establishment support and led in early polling . '' Again as in 1982 , however , Kerry prevailed in a close primary .",
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          "context": "Voting results have been a consistent source of controversy . The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms , most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote , and in season eight , when the massive increase in text votes -LRB- 100 million more text votes than season 7 -RRB- fueled the texting controversy . Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season . , votes also have been affected to a limited degree by online communities such as DialIdol , and Vote for the Girls -LRB- started 2010 -RRB- .",
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          "context": "Nominally . However , to protect their interests in the provinces , police and soldiers . The warrior class made steady political gains throughout the Heian period . As early as 939 A.D , Taira no Masakado threatened the authority of the central government , and almost simultaneously . Still , a true military takeover of the Japanese government was centuries away , when much of the strength of the government would lie within the private armies of the shogunate .",
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          "context": "In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated \"Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality.\"",
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          "context": "During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal.",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is Kerry's ship on deck 2-3 in 1968?",
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                {
                  "text": "near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?"
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          "context": ", Sassou won with almost 90 % of the vote cast . His two main rivals , Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas , were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival , Andre Milongo , advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race . A new constitution , granted the president new powers , and introduced a new bicameral assembly . International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum , both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo 's era of the one-party state . Following the presidential elections , fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi ; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003 .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the fighting between the government forces and the United rebels end?",
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                  "text": "April 2003",
                  "answer_start": 769
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              "original_question": "When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?"
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          "context": ". With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language , numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels , some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclaim . Of these modern writers , Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated . Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements , works which have earned Farah , among other accolades . Farah Mohamed Jama Awl is another prominent Somali writer who is perhaps best known for his Dervish era novel , Ignorance is the enemy of love . Additionally , Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame ` Hadrawi ' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet , and several of his works have been translated internationally .",
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              "question": "When did Somalis begin to express their language in Latin letters?",
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                {
                  "text": "1972",
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              "original_question": "When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?"
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          "context": "Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870 , when a street in front of the Newark , NJ City Hall was paved . In many cases , these early pavings were made from naturally occurring `` bituminous rock '' , such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County . , asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington , DC , in time for the celebration of the national centennial . Asphalt/bitumen was also used for flooring , following similar trends in Europe .",
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              "question": "When did the United States begin to use asphalt as road signs?",
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                  "text": "1870",
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              "original_question": "Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14238_s",
          "context": "In addition , the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines , the tramway : Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec , line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes , line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles , line T6 runs from Châtillon to Velizy , line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons , line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse , all of which are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens . Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who uses these wires?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who operates these lines?"
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          ]
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          "context": "Kanye Omari West was born on June 8 . His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago . His father , Ray West . Ray West was later a Christian counselor , and in 2006 . West 's mother , Dr. Donda C. -LRB- Williams -RRB- West , was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University , and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager . West was raised in a middle-class background .",
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              "question": "Where did Kanye West's mother work before she became a manager?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago State University",
                  "answer_start": 357
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              "original_question": "Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager?"
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          "context": "Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families . The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk , a wrestler nearing retirement ; Mick Foley , a wrestler within his prime ; Jake Roberts , a former star fallen from grace ; and a school of wrestling student trying to break into the business . , Piss and Vinegar . Pro wrestling has been featured several times on HBO 's Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel . MTV 's documentary series True Life featured two episodes titled `` I 'm a Professional Wrestler '' and `` I Want to Be a Professional Wrestler '' . Other documentaries have been produced by The Learning Channel -LRB- The Secret World of Professional Wrestling -RRB- and A&E -LRB- Hitman Hart : Wrestling with Shadows -RRB- . Bloodstained Memoirs explored the careers of several pro wrestlers , including Chris Jericho , Rob Van Dam and Roddy Piper .",
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              "question": "When did you get out of the mat?",
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                  "text": "1999",
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              "original_question": "When did Beyond the Mat come out? "
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          "context": "In 2005 , Estonia joined the European Union 's Nordic Battle Group . It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council . , to which Estonia sends 42 % of its exports -LRB- as compared to 6.5 % going to Russia , 8.8 % to Latvia , and 4.7 % to Lithuania -RRB- . On the other hand , the Estonian political system , its flat rate of income tax , and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model , and indeed from many other European countries .",
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              "question": "When did Estonia join the European Union's Nordic combat team?",
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              "original_question": "When did Estonia join the European Union's Nordic Battle Group?"
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          "context": ", -LSB- a -RSB- Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System , a redesigned version of the Super Famicom , in North America for US$ 199 . The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB £ 150 . Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design , except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads . The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil , although PAL , uses the North American design . , a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente .",
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              "question": "When was SNES published in the UK?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "April 1992",
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              "original_question": "When was the SNES released in the UK?"
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          "context": "Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship . They were considered a Catholic innovation , not widely practiced until the 18th century , and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers -- 1546 -RRB- -- 1791 -RRB- . In Sir Walter Scott 's The Heart of Midlothian , the heroine , a Scottish Presbyterian , writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England -LRB- bold added -RRB- :",
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          "context": "In 1997 . Finally , `` after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria , members of the orchestra gathered -LSB- on 28 February 1997 -RSB- in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to admit a woman , Anna Lelkes , as harpist . '' As of 2013 , the orchestra has six female members ; one of them , the first woman to hold that position . In 2012 , women still made up just 6 % of the orchestra 's membership .",
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              "question": "Who is the first female member of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra?",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11492_s",
          "context": "Von Neumann made fundamental contributions to mathematical statistics. In 1941, he derived the exact distribution of the ratio of the mean square of successive differences to the sample variance for independent and identically normally distributed variables. This ratio was applied to the residuals from regression models and is commonly known as the Durbin–Watson statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the errors are serially independent against the alternative that they follow a stationary first order autoregression.",
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              "question": "When did Neumann determine the RMS?",
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                  "text": "1941",
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              "original_question": "When did von NEumann establish mean square ratio?"
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          "context": "The reaction to the encyclical 's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed . In Italy , Spain , Portugal and Poland , the encyclical was welcomed . In Latin America , much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical . , doctors in La Paz , Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation . In Colombia , Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared , if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings , we prefer not to receive one cent . , but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies . The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions .",
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              "question": "Who says Colombia doesn't want the United States to help if it has to change the Catholic Church's attitude towards birth control?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque",
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              "original_question": "Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?"
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          "context": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010 . The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English , and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland , South Midland , and Southern dialects . , 2,977,187 Oklahomans -- spoke only English at home . , about 7.4 % of the total population of the state . Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state . The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee , with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma . Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians .",
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              "original_question": "When did Oklahoma declare an official language?"
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          "context": "Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation . A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram -LRB- linking the city 's railway termini -RRB- was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s . However , mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which -- although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in -- protruded from the road surface . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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                  "text": "George Francis Train",
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          "context": "Madonna released the song `` Hey You '' for the Live Earth series of concerts . The song was available as a free download during its first week of release . She also performed it at the London Live Earth concert . Records , and a new $ 120 million , ten-year 360 deal with Live Nation . She produced and wrote I Am Because We Are , a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians . , who worked as Madonna 's gardener . She also directed her first film Filth and Wisdom . The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations . '' In December 2007 . At the induction ceremony on March 10 , 2008 . , her dance teacher from 35 years earlier , for his encouragement to follow her dreams .",
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          "context": "The cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking . The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as `` false and excessive '' and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas . Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for children were unsatisfactory and children 's rights were sometimes violated and acknowledged the claims could not be ignored . , the ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom called these reports of widespread use of slave child labour by 700,000 cocoa farmers as absurd and inaccurate .",
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              "original_question": "Who dismissed the allegations?"
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          "context": "Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They are intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players and any computer with the suitable software irrespective of the operating system. The images can also be printed out on photographic paper with a special Kodak machine. This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.",
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          "context": ", director Fritz Lang , lending the studio some amount of prestige productions . Universal 's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters , and the studio continued to please the public with low - to medium-budget films . -- 46 -RRB- , teenage musicals with Gloria Jean , Donald O'Connor -- 43 -RRB- , and screen adaptations of radio 's Inner Sanctum Mysteries with Lon Chaney , Jr. -LRB- 1943 -- 45 -RRB- . Alfred Hitchcock was also borrowed for two films from Selznick International Pictures .",
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              "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e10_s",
              "question": "When did the shadow of doubt come into being?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1943",
                  "answer_start": 415
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          "context": "Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini , the Archbishop of Milan , a possible candidate , but , although he was the archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent sees in Italy , he had not yet been made a cardinal . Though his absence from the 1958 conclave did not make him ineligible -- under Canon Law any Catholic male who is capable of receiving priestly ordination and episcopal consecration may be elected -- the College of Cardinals usually chose the new pontiff from among the Cardinals who head archdioceses or departments of the Roman Curia that attend the papal conclave . , as opposed to contemporary practice , the participating Cardinals did not have to be below age 80 to vote , there were few Eastern-rite Cardinals .",
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              "question": "When did Montini not attend the secret meeting?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 257
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              "original_question": "When was Montini absent from the conclave?"
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          "context": ". The committee 's report , which Kerry endorsed , stated there was `` no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia . '' , sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain , that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam ; it was intended to pave the way for normalization . In 1995 .",
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              "question": "Who supports the resolution to resume trade with Vietnam and Kerry?",
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                  "text": "John McCain",
                  "answer_start": 222
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              "original_question": "Who sponsored the resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam, along with Kerry?"
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          "context": "During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor -LRB- r. 1521 -- 1567 -RRB- , the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court , while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed . Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era . The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jiajing",
            "ming china",
            "zhengde",
            "yang tinghe",
            "liu yun"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce3406aab44d1400b8856f_s",
              "question": "Who is Jiajing's chief minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yang Tinghe",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12944_s",
          "context": "Major theaters in Detroit include the Fox Theatre (5,174 seats), Music Hall (1,770 seats), the Gem Theatre (451 seats), Masonic Temple Theatre (4,404 seats), the Detroit Opera House (2,765 seats), the Fisher Theatre (2,089 seats), The Fillmore Detroit (2,200 seats), Saint Andrew's Hall, the Majestic Theater, and Orchestra Hall (2,286 seats) which hosts the renowned Detroit Symphony Orchestra. The Nederlander Organization, the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated with the purchase of the Detroit Opera House in 1922 by the Nederlander family.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1922"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ccee3acd2414000dfed3_s",
              "question": "When was the Detroit opera house bought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Detroit Opera House purchased?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5780_s",
          "context": "The hypnotic electronic dance song \"On and On\", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record \"Space Invaders\" (1979). \"On and On\" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's \"Music is the Key\" (1985), have also been cited.",
          "c_entity": [
            "chicago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069b7b52bb891400689ac7_s",
              "question": "Where is Jesse Sanders from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where was jesse saunders from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8841_s",
          "context": "A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1915"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726419e38643c19005ad399_s",
              "question": "When was this lamp invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1915",
                  "answer_start": 573
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was this style of lamp developed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6450_s",
          "context": "On July 22 , 2008 , a bill was unanimously approved in the House to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures . The bill also required rotation of principal maintenance inspectors and stipulated that the word `` customer '' properly applies to the flying public .",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
            "house",
            "southwest airlines",
            "faa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa92c4103511400d598d5_s",
              "question": "Who approved a mesa under the aircraft maintenance order?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "House",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who approved a mesaure to tigheten regulations concerning airplane maintenance prodecures?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8294_s",
          "context": "India established full diplomatic ties with Israel in 1992 and has fostered a strong military , technological and cultural partnership with the country since then . , India is the most pro-Israel country in the world . India is the largest customer of Israeli military equipment and Israel is the second-largest military partner of India after the Russian Federation . India is also the third-largest Asian economic partner of Israel and the two countries have military as well as extensive space technology ties . Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel . Azerbaijan supplies Israel with a substantial amount of its oil needs , and Israel has helped modernize the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan . In Africa , Ethiopia is Israel 's main and closest ally in the continent due to common political , religious and security interests . Israel provides expertise to Ethiopia on irrigation projects and thousands of Ethiopian Jews -LRB- Beta Israel -RRB- live in Israel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "2009",
            "2010",
            "year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725cb32ec44d21400f3d5a5_s",
              "question": "When will India establish full diplomatic relations with Israel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did India establish full diplomatic ties with Israel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15613_s",
          "context": "Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation . Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet . Its largest moon , was discovered shortly thereafter , though none of the planet 's remaining known 14 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century . The planet 's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size , making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes . Neptune was visited by Voyager 2 , when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann galle",
            "hubble space telescope",
            "triton",
            "alexis bouvard",
            "urbain le verrier"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8363dfa6aa1500f8d070_s",
              "question": "Who discovered Neptune?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexis Bouvard",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered Neptune? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11541_s",
          "context": "Before the pact 's announcement , Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed . Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as `` Fascist propaganda '' . '' Beginning in September 1939 , the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda , explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes . Western Communists acted accordingly ; while before they supported protecting collective security , now they denounced Britain and France going to war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "communist party usa",
            "earl browder",
            "chamber of commerce",
            "herbert biberman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726db02dd62a815002e92ce_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the top ten in Hollywood?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herbert Biberman",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was part of Hollywood Ten?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14656_s",
          "context": "In 1807 , Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term `` energy '' instead of vis viva , in its modern sense . , and in 1853 . The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century , and applies to any isolated system . It was argued for some years whether heat was a physical substance , dubbed the caloric , or merely a physical quantity , such as momentum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gustave-gaspard coriolis",
            "thomas young",
            "james prescott joule",
            "william rankine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e6923f37b319004785b3_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to replace \"living\" with \"energy\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Young",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was possibly the first to use the term \"energy\" instead of vis viva?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5578_s",
          "context": ". , since it is obligatory to obey him , there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader . , and be clearly guided toward him . -LSB- original research ? -RSB- However . Moreover , no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone . While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult . -LSB- original research ? -RSB- . -LSB- original research ? -RSB- For none of them , it is said , were originated from a disgraced family . -LSB- a -RSB- -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Jesus was also from a pious family , as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth , your father was not a man of evil , nor was your mother unchaste . '' -LSB- b -RSB- -LSB- improper synthesis ? -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "adam",
            "ali al-ridha",
            "ibn abi ma'eet",
            "muhammad",
            "jesus",
            "abi jahl",
            "aaron",
            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570802f39e06ca38007e94f7_s",
              "question": "Who says the Koran comes from the family of the righteous?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jesus",
                  "answer_start": 533
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17835_s",
          "context": "Nurhaci declared himself the `` Bright Khan '' of the Later Jin -LRB- lit . `` gold '' -RRB- state in honor both of the 12 , `` gold '' -RRB- -RRB- . There are competing explanations on the meaning of Qīng -LRB- lit . `` clear '' or `` pure '' -RRB- . The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty -LRB- 明 -RRB- , which consists of the Chinese characters for `` sun '' -LRB- 日 -RRB- and `` moon '' -LRB- 月 -RRB- , both associated with the fire element of the Chinese zodiacal system . , both associated with the water element . This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water . The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri . The Manchu name daicing , may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means `` warrior '' . Daicing gurun may therefore have meant `` warrior state '' , a pun that was only intelligible to Manchu and Mongol people . In the later part of the dynasty , however , even the Manchus themselves had forgotten this possible meaning .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jurchen jin",
            "dai ching",
            "nurhaci",
            "aisin",
            "hong taiji",
            "qīng"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6b_s",
              "question": "Who calls himself light Khan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nurhaci",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who named himself the Bright Khan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6352_s",
          "context": ". , excluding friendlies , with 445 goals . , and the record league scorer with 305 goals in La Liga . , César Rodríguez -LRB- 192 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fc barcelona",
            "césar rodríguez",
            "lionel messi",
            "samuel eto'o",
            "lászló kubala"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c75c9fed7b91900d459d5_s",
              "question": "Who is the next goalkeeper after mass?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "César Rodríguez",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the next highest goal scorer after Mess?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-293_s",
          "context": "Friederike Müller , a pupil of Chopin , wrote : '' -LSB- His -RSB- playing was always noble and beautiful ; his tones sang , whether in full forte or softest piano . He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato , cantabile style of playing . His most severe criticism was ` He -- or she -- does not know how to join two notes together . ' He also demanded the strictest adherence to rhythm . He hated all lingering and dragging , misplaced rubatos , as well as exaggerated ritardandos ... and it is precisely in this respect that people make such terrible errors in playing his works . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "chopin",
            "friederike müller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff905234ae51400d9c1b7_s",
              "question": "Who made Chopin keep up with the pace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friederike Müller",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8431_s",
          "context": ", Bonaparte left Paris to take command of the Army of Italy . He immediately went on the offensive , hoping to defeat the forces of Piedmont before their Austrian allies could intervene . In a series of rapid victories during the Montenotte Campaign . The French then focused on the Austrians for the remainder of the war , the highlight of which became the protracted struggle for Mantua . The Austrians launched a series of offensives against the French to break the siege , but Napoleon defeated every relief effort , scoring notable victories at the battles of Castiglione , Bassano , Arcole , and Rivoli . The decisive French triumph at Rivoli in January 1797 led to the collapse of the Austrian position in Italy . At Rivoli , the Austrians lost up to 14,000 men while the French lost about 5,000 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two days",
            "two weeks",
            "january 1797"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726625e5951b619008f711b_s",
              "question": "When did the French victory come to Rivoli?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1797",
                  "answer_start": 652
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French victory at Rivoli occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-521_s",
          "context": ", and others throughout the province , were damaged , resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops . , 80 % of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News . , the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia , with hundreds of people reported buried . In the city of Dujiangyan , south-east of the epicenter , a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived . The Juyuan Middle School , where many teenagers were buried , was excavated by civilians and cranes . Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System , an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The project 's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dujiangyan",
            "wenchuan",
            "shifang",
            "beichuan county"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cddf9e62d2951400fa6937_s",
              "question": "Where did two chemical plants collapse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dujiangyan",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did two chemical plants collapse?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9561_s",
          "context": "In 1992 , the university drafted a new Statement on Academic Freedom , specifying that limitations may be placed upon `` expression with students or in public that : -LRB- 1 -RRB- contradicts or opposes , rather than analyzes or discusses , fundamental Church doctrine or policy ; or -LRB- 3 -RRB- violates the Honor Code because the expression is dishonest , illegal , unchaste , profane , or unduly disrespectful of others . '' These restrictions have caused some controversy as several professors have been disciplined according to the new rule . The American Association of University Professors has claimed that `` infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly poor . '' , as the university 's chosen accrediting body allows `` religious colleges and universities to place limitations on academic freedom so long as they publish those limitations candidly '' . , that the restrictions had not been adequately specified in advance by BYU . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "jim gordon",
            "american association of university professors",
            "byu",
            "aaup",
            "church"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57289a652ca10214002da4ae_s",
              "question": "Who ever said that there are frequent violations of academic freedom, and the atmosphere of academic freedom is so rare that it is frightening?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The American Association of University Professors",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claimed that infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly por?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1476_s",
          "context": "Some advocates for Tibet , Darfur , planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco . China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened . On April 7 , 2008 , two days prior to the actual torch relay , three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners , one saying `` One World , One Dream . Free Tibet '' , and the other , `` Free Tibet ' 08 '' . Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin , who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone . `` Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch 's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent . '' The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing , conspiracy and causing a public nuisance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "laurel sutherlin",
            "international olympic committee",
            "falun gong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db2495e7c41114004b4e07_s",
              "question": "Who talked to kpix-cbs5 about the bridge band's protest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Laurel Sutherlin",
                  "answer_start": 496
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who spoke to station KPIX-CBS5 about the bridge banner protests?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14506_s",
          "context": "Many energy markets, institutions, and policies have been developed to support the production and use of fossil fuels. Newer and cleaner technologies may offer social and environmental benefits, but utility operators often reject renewable resources because they are trained to think only in terms of big, conventional power plants. Consumers often ignore renewable power systems because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption. Intentional market distortions (such as subsidies), and unintentional market distortions (such as split incentives) may work against renewables. Benjamin K. Sovacool has argued that \"some of the most surreptitious, yet powerful, impediments facing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the United States are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "benjamin k. sovacool"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572961001d04691400779355_s",
              "question": "Who believes that some of the problems of renewable energy are more cultural and institutional issues than technical and scientific issues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benjamin K. Sovacool",
                  "answer_start": 606
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that some of the problems facing renewable energy are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5300_s",
          "context": "In agriculture , the increased usage of sheep with long-fibred wool allowed a stronger thread to be spun . In addition , the spinning wheel replaced the traditional distaff for spinning wool , tripling production . -LSB- AI -RSB- A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures for garments , which allowed for better fitting without having to lace clothing on the wearer . Windmills were refined with the creation of the tower mill , allowing the upper part of the windmill to be spun around to face the direction from which the wind was blowing . , increasing the quantity of iron produced and improving its quality . The first patent law in 1447 in Venice protected the rights of inventors to their inventions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sweden",
            "venice"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb942cb28b3419009f1e56_s",
              "question": "Where does patent law come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Venice",
                  "answer_start": 710
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did patent law originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16267_s",
          "context": "The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1941"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8622947a6a140053ca18_s",
              "question": "When will the US global economic crisis end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1941",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Americas Great Depression end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15369_s",
          "context": "While pursuing his PhD at Princeton , Feynman married his high school sweetheart , Arline Greenbaum -LRB- often misspelled `` Arlene '' -RRB- , despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis . She died in 1945 . , Feynman wrote a letter to her , expressing his deep love and heartbreak , that he kept for the rest of his life . -LRB- `` Please excuse my not mailing this , '' the letter concluded , `` but I do n't know your new address . '' -RRB- , which featured Feynman 's daughter , Michelle , in a cameo role .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1996",
            "1945",
            "time",
            "1946"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e904bdfa6aa1500f8d149_s",
              "question": "When did his wife die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did his wife die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7339_s",
          "context": "Although public opinion in Paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the Prussians , the Government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer . , who signed the surrender two days later at Versailles , with the armistice coming into effect at midnight . Several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to Paris , Favre broke into tears , and collapsed into his daughter 's arms as the guns around Paris fell silent at midnight . At Tours . Furious , he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on German forces at Orleans which , predictably , failed . , which promptly ordered a cease-fire across France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "government of national defence",
            "gambetta",
            "favre",
            "trochu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d46d1b3d812140066d625_s",
              "question": "Who succeeded President trochu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Favre",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced President Trochu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7239_s",
          "context": "The Valencian economy recovered during the 18th century with the rising manufacture of woven silk and ceramic tiles . The Palau de Justícia is an example of the affluence manifested in the most prosperous times of Bourbon rule -LRB- 1758 -- 1802 -RRB- during the rule of Charles III . The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment in Europe , who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time . ; it introduced numerous improvements in agriculture and industry and promoted various cultural , civic , and economic institutions in Valencia .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who ruled the most prosperous period of the Bourbon dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles III",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reigned during the most affluent period of Bourbon rule?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11040_s",
          "context": "During 2009 , the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act , Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act . It allows for incorporation as of right , by Articles of Incorporation ; does away with the ultra vires doctrine for nonprofits ; establishes them as legal persons ; and substantially updates the governance provisions for nonprofits . Ontario also overhauled its legislation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "10 october 2011",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572774545951b619008f8a41_s",
              "question": "When was the second part of the Canadian companies act repealed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Canada Corporations Act, Part II repealed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2735_s",
          "context": "Since the MAPS projects' completion, the downtown area has seen continued development. Several downtown buildings are undergoing renovation/restoration. Notable among these was the restoration of the Skirvin Hotel in 2007. The famed First National Center is being renovated.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df4a428bc80c19004e4a19_s",
              "question": "When was the skiven Hotel renovated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Skirvin Hotel Renovated?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10206_s",
          "context": "Many US and European jewellery companies , refuse to import these stones based on reports of deplorable working conditions in the mines . Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to the ruling junta , as the majority of mining activity in the country is government-run . The government of Myanmar controls the gem trade by direct ownership or by joint ventures with private owners of mines .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who provided information on Myanmar's stainless steel industry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Human Rights Watch",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave information on the gem industries in Burma ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4230_s",
          "context": "Marcin Woźniak and colleagues -LRB- 2010 -RRB- searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a -LSB- M17 -RSB- . Working with haplotypes , they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker , M458 , which defines subclade R1a1a7 . The team led by Peter Underhill , which discovered M458 , did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker , since they used the `` evolutionary effective '' mutation rate , which gave a date far too old to be Slavic . Woźniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate , giving a later date , is more consistent with the archaeological record .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f754a3a6d7ea1400e171bf_s",
              "question": "When did niak especially look for the Slavic subgroup r1a1a [M17]?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15251_s",
          "context": "In the mid 1970s , various American groups -LRB- some with ties to Downtown Manhattan 's punk scene , including Television and Suicide -RRB- had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music . Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region 's derelict industrial environments , employing conceptual art techniques . A variety of subsequent groups , including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma , combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities . , the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno , experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques , dance music , and African polyrhythms . San Francisco 's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome , the Residents and Tuxedomoon , who incorporated multimedia experimentation , film and ideas from Antonin Artaud 's Theater of Cruelty .",
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            "several years",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When did American groups really start to interfere in the post punk movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mid 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?"
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        {
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          "context": "A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When does the silent storm format play during the day?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the evening",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
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              "original_question": "At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?"
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          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . Disraeli 's ministry only lasted a matter of months , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
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              "question": "Who will succeed derby?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benjamin Disraeli",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Derby's replacement?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4260_s",
          "context": "The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620 . , the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton . Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians , with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city . Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth . , Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways .",
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              "question": "When did the Mayflower sail from Southampton?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1620",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3786_s",
          "context": "Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times , which included climbing the City Wall on January 16 . Almost none of them , however , are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese .",
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              "question": "When was the wall climbing festival celebrated?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "January 16",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?"
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          "context": ", in the `` great , holy house '' . In 1141 Spanish-Jewish poet , Yehuda Halevi , issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel , a journey he undertook himself . , founder of the Ayyubid dynasty , defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and subsequently captured Jerusalem and almost all of Palestine . In time , they did : `` From the day the Arabs took Jerusalem , the Israelites inhabited it . '' .",
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              "question": "Who told the Jews to move to the land of Israel?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yehuda Halevi",
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              "original_question": "Who issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11880_s",
          "context": "In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals to recoup debts in financing the new stadium . This was controversial , as well as taking some of the prestige away from a Wembley final . In defending the move , the FA has also cited the extra capacity Wembley offers , although the 2013 fixture between Millwall and Wigan led to the unprecedented step of placing 6,000 tickets on sale to neutral fans after the game failed to sell out . A fan poll by The Guardian in 2013 found 86 % opposition to Wembley semi-finals .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727849df1498d1400e8fa86_s",
              "question": "Where is the FA Cup today?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the FA cup held today?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11957_s",
          "context": "Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round . Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises . In many cases , men worked from home . In France , over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes ; in Germany , the number of full-time home operations nearly doubled between 1882 and 1907 ; and in the United States , millions of families operated out of home seven days a week , year round to produce garments , shoes , artificial flowers , feathers , match boxes , toys , umbrellas and other products . Children aged 5 -- 14 worked alongside the parents . Home-based operations and child labour in Australia , Britain , Austria and other parts of the world was common . Rural areas similarly saw families deploying their children in agriculture . In 1946 , Frieda Miller , `` low wages , long hours , child labour , unhealthy and insanitary working conditions . ''",
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              "question": "Who was the director of the Department of labor in 1946?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "In 1946 who was the Director of the United States Department of Labour?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-344_s",
          "context": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor -LRB- r. 1435 -- 1449 -RRB- addressed to the Karmapa in 1445 , written after the latter 's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court . , the Karmapa :",
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              "id": "56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c3_s",
              "question": "Who supported the order of the orthodox emperor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "original_question": "Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1886_s",
          "context": "In October 2013, the company announced the \"Save a Page\" feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries.",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddc4d99a695914005b95bd_s",
              "question": "When is the save page available?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2013",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Save a Page made available?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13054_s",
          "context": "The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo -LRB- 604 -- 650 CE -RRB- , who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire . He also brought in many reforms , and Tibetan power spread rapidly , creating a large and powerful empire . It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal , and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet .",
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              "question": "Who established the Tibet Empire?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Songtsän Gampo",
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Tibetan Empire?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8552_s",
          "context": ". Northwestern 's schools of management , engineering , and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation . Northwestern received $ 550 million in research funding in 2014 . Northwestern supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses , predominately in the medical and biological sciences . , Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions , filed 270 patents applications , received 81 foreign and US patents , started 12 companies , and generated $ 79.8 million in licensing revenue in 2013 . The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin , a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman , to combat epilepsy , neuropathic pain , and fibromyalgia . It has also helped form over 50 Northwestern startup companies based on Northwestern technologies .",
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              "question": "Who discovered the drug that eventually became known as Lycra?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "chemistry professor Richard Silverman",
                  "answer_start": 644
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18758_s",
          "context": ". Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down , starting the First Anglo-Sikh War ; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India . After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849 , the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ff844776f41900661689_s",
              "question": "When was part of Punjab held in British India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1849",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was part of Punjab annexed into British India?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7862_s",
          "context": "The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure , and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance . The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe . The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times . Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE , when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege . In the late Roman Empire , Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations . But , after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380 , Jews were increasingly marginalized .",
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              "id": "571a9a4110f8ca1400305196_s",
              "question": "Who gave the Jews the right to full Roman citizenship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Caracalla",
                  "answer_start": 421
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave Jews the right to full Roman citizenship?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10734_s",
          "context": "Sixty-two percent of islanders are Christians . After the death of the first chaplain Rev G. H. Nobbs in 1884 , a Methodist church was formed and in 1891 a Seventh-day Adventist congregation led by one of Nobbs ' sons . Some unhappiness with G. H. Nobbs , decline in spirituality , the influence of visiting American whalers , and the adoption of Seventh-day Adventism by the descendants of the mutineers still on Pitcairn , all contributed to these developments . The Roman Catholic Church began work in 1957 and in the late 1990s a group left the former Methodist -LRB- then Uniting Church -RRB- and formed a charismatic fellowship . In 2011 , 34 percent of the ordinary residents identified as Anglican , 13 percent as Uniting Church , 12 percent as Roman Catholic and three percent as Seventh-day Adventist . Nine percent were from other religions . Twenty four percent had no religion , and seven percent did not indicate a religion . Typical ordinary congregations in any church do not exceed 30 local residents as of 2010 -LSB- update -RSB- . The three older denominations have good facilities . Ministers are usually short-term visitors .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who was the first pastor in Norfolk?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Rev G. H. Nobbs",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first chaplain of Norfolk Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11311_s",
          "context": ", the Japanese government also instituted a series of orthographic reforms . Some characters were given simplified forms called shinjitai 新字体 -LRB- lit . `` new character forms '' , the older forms were then labelled the kyūjitai 旧字体 , lit . `` old character forms '' -RRB- . The number of characters in common use was restricted , and formal lists of characters to be learned during each grade of school were established , and a 2136-character reformed version of the jōyō kanji in 2010 . Many variant forms of characters and obscure alternatives for common characters were officially discouraged . This was done with the goal of facilitating learning for children and simplifying kanji use in literature and periodicals . These are simply guidelines , hence many characters outside these standards are still widely known and commonly used , especially those used for personal and place names -LRB- for the latter , see jinmeiyō kanji -RRB- , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- as well as for some common words such as `` dragon '' -LRB- Japanese kana : たつ , Rōmaji : tatsu -RRB- in which both the shinjitai 竜 and the kyūjitai 龍 forms of the kanji are both acceptable and widely known amongst native Japanese speakers .",
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              "question": "When was the 2136 character changed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 483
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the 2136 character reformed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4440_s",
          "context": ". On 4 October 2011 , the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street in Ljubljana after Tito to be unconstitutional . While several public areas in Slovenia -LRB- named during the Yugoslav period -RRB- do already bear Tito 's name , on the issue of renaming an additional street the court ruled that :",
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            {
              "id": "56f82554aef2371900625e26_s",
              "question": "Where is the road named after Tito, who was declared unconstitutional?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ljubljana",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8907_s",
          "context": "Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930 . -LRB- In 1999 , increasing the record number to 191 . -RRB- As of 2014 the record still stands . In addition to the RBI record , Wilson 56 home-runs stood as the National League record until 1998 , respectively . , as the official N.L. Most Valuable Player Award was not awarded until the next season .",
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            "jerome holtzman",
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            {
              "id": "57267fc85951b619008f74d0_s",
              "question": "Who broke Lou Grieg's major league record of 176 points?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hack Wilson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who Broke Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10351_s",
          "context": "During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election , 2010 -- you will . '' , and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner . , and with it a landslide majority .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the sun",
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            "rupert murdoch",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b4745951b619008f7b24_s",
              "question": "Who is the editor of the independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Kelner",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the editor of the Independent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1287_s",
          "context": ", due to a mix-up with the contestants ' telephone number , voting was repeated on what was normally the result night , with the result reveal postponed until the following night .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following night",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1a7de7c41114004b4d1a_s",
              "question": "When did it come out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the following night",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the results show happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8461_s",
          "context": "Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe , but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence . The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand . The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside . Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict . The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain , largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe , severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication . Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War , the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations . The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively , prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies . After the invasion of Russia in 1812 , the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe . , after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia , the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1808",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a39d5951b619008f789d_s",
              "question": "When did the invasion of Russia take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1812",
                  "answer_start": 1039
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " In what year did the invasion of Russia take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16491_s",
          "context": "In 1867 , the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River . , Washington University had expanded to numerous departments , which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis . , establishing the School of Medicine . , Robert Sommers Brookings , the president of the Board of Trustees , undertook the tasks of reorganizing the university 's finances , putting them onto a sound foundation , and buying land for a new campus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1890s",
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            "1867"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8ead04bcaa1900d76a73_s",
              "question": "When did Washington University open its school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1867",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was did Washington University open its law school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7615_s",
          "context": ", following Eden 's resignation , it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government . Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury , the Lord President of the Council . , the Lord Chancellor , and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee , resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fefd85ab6b819003910e5_s",
              "question": "Who suggested to Eden that Elizabeth appoint a new prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8464_s",
          "context": "By 17 May , the main Austrian army under Charles had arrived on the Marchfeld . On 21 May , the French made their first major effort to cross the Danube , precipitating the Battle of Aspern-Essling . The Austrians enjoyed a comfortable numerical superiority over the French throughout the battle ; on the first day . By the second day , reinforcements had boosted French numbers up to 70,000 . The battle was characterized by a vicious back-and-forth struggle for the two villages of Aspern and Essling , the focal points of the French bridgehead . By the end of the fighting , the French had lost Aspern but still controlled Essling . Both sides inflicted about 23,000 casualties on each other . , and it caused excitement throughout many parts of Europe because it proved that he could be beaten on the battlefield .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a94b708984140094cd2c_s",
              "question": "Who led the Austrian army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Who led the main Austrian army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4163_s",
          "context": "It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f743d9aef2371900625a67_s",
              "question": "When was the mobile printer invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 15th century",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the movable-type printing press invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8178_s",
          "context": "By 1836 , the Duchess 's brother , who had been King of the Belgians since 1831 , hoped to marry his niece to his nephew , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . William IV , however , disapproved of any match with the Coburgs , and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands , second son of the Prince of Orange . According to her diary . After the visit she wrote ; his hair is about the same colour as mine ; his eyes are large and blue , and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth ; but the charm of his countenance is his expression , which is most delightful . '' Alexander , on the other hand , was `` very plain '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725231f0a492a190043570b_s",
              "question": "Who does William IV want to marry Victoria for?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Alexander of the Netherlands",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the man William IV wanted Victoria to wed instead? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722d2bb0dadf01500fa1f18_s",
              "question": "Who is Disraeli and his opponent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Ewart Gladstone",
                  "answer_start": 514
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Disraeli's rival?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15_s",
          "context": ". The university president , John Jenkins , described his hope that Notre Dame would become `` one of the pre -- eminent research institutions in the world '' in his inaugural address . The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields , including the Medieval Institute , the Kellogg Institute for International Studies , the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies , and the Center for Social Concerns . Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development , genome mapping , the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China , studies in fluid mechanics , computational science and engineering , and marketing trends on the Internet . As of 2013 , the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b5344776f419006610e0_s",
              "question": "When did Notre Dame start hosting the global adaptation index?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 722
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6454_s",
          "context": "The Air Commerce Act of May 20 , 1926 , is the cornerstone of the federal government 's regulation of civil aviation . This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry , whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain safety standards . The Act charged the Secretary of Commerce with fostering air commerce , issuing and enforcing air traffic rules , licensing pilots , certifying aircraft , establishing airways , and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa95e4103511400d598e5_s",
              "question": "Who is accused of promoting air transport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Secretary of Commerce",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was charged with fostering air commerce?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13736_s",
          "context": ", in general , supernatural beings tend to behave much like people . The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion . He cites examples from Greek mythology , which is , in his opinion , more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems . Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one 's father .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572c0480dfb02c14005c6b62_s",
              "question": "Who thinks God is just a father's projection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sigmund Freud",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1485_s",
          "context": "Wary of protests , the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi , and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations , which are considered terrorist targets . Chinese intelligence 's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly ` vulnerable ' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing , a distinguished lady diplomat ; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi . The Indian media reported that India 's Commerce Minister , Kamal Nath , cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest , though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f03_s",
              "question": "Who should cancel his official visit to China in protest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kamal Nath",
                  "answer_start": 554
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6033_s",
          "context": ", no third front ever has become significant . In 2003 , the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state . In the assembly elections held in December 2007 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "virbhadra singh",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096a98200fba1400367f93_s",
              "question": "Who was elected Prime Minister of India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virbhadra Singh",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9539_s",
          "context": "A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road , on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension . As of late 2009 , a Pfizer drug-testing clinic , a medical laboratory building serving Yale -- New Haven Hospital , and a mixed-use structure containing parking , housing and office space , have been constructed on this corridor . , and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572bc198be1ee31400cb8493_s",
              "question": "Where will the biotechnology area in the second plan be located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frontage Road",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where will the second planned biotechnology district located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17880_s",
          "context": ", combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government , created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists , or `` Boxers . '' In 1900 , local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians , then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter . A coalition of European , Japanese , much less permission . Cixi declared war on all of these nations , only to lose control of Beijing after a short , but hard-fought campaign . She fled to Xi'an . The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe43_s",
              "question": "Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the Eighth Army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Xi'an",
                  "answer_start": 612
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18870_s",
          "context": "The Boudhanath, (also written Bouddhanath, Bodhnath, Baudhanath or the Khāsa Chaitya), is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Nepal, along with Swayambhu. It is a very popular tourist site. Boudhanath is known as Khāsti by Newars and as Bauddha or Bodhnāth by speakers of Nepali. Located about 11 km (7 mi) from the center and northeastern outskirts of Kathmandu, the stupa's massive mandala makes it one of the largest spherical stupas in Nepal. Boudhanath became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735bd01dc94161900571f85_s",
              "question": "When did UNESCO turn Budapest into a world heritage site?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 498
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did UNESCO make Boudhanath a World Heritage Site?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16616_s",
          "context": "South Tucson is actually the name of an independent , incorporated town of 1 sq mi -LRB- 2.6 km2 -RRB- , completely surrounded by the city of Tucson , sitting just south of downtown . South Tucson has a colorful , dynamic history . , and later reincorporated in 1940 . The population consists of about 83 % Mexican-American and 10 % Native American residents . South Tucson is widely known for its many Mexican restaurants and the architectural styles which include bright outdoor murals , many of which have been painted over due to city policy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936",
            "1940"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573425204776f41900661950_s",
              "question": "When was South Tucson reunited?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1940",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was South Tucson reincorporated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4302_s",
          "context": "Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South , which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre . From there the BBC broadcasts South Today , the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent . The local ITV franchise is Meridian , which has its headquarters in Whiteley , around nine miles -LRB- 14 km -RRB- from the city . Until December 2004 . That 's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "southampton",
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            "northam",
            "whiteley",
            "itchen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8bc049b226e1400dd0edb_s",
              "question": "Where is the meridian headquarters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Whiteley",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Meridian headquarters located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9449_s",
          "context": "The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples ; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany , they encountered Celts to the south , and Balts and Slavs towards the east . The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260 . Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria . The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe , the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes , but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths . The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca . , during the Huns ' campaign against the Roman Empire . -- who either escaped into Asia , or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans .",
          "c_entity": [
            "celts",
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            "attila"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572935dd3f37b3190047810c_s",
              "question": "Who do Germans have contact with in the south?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Celts",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18027_s",
          "context": "Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous , Mediterranean , African and Western elements . It has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity . The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Hathor with the invention of music , which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world . Egyptians used music instruments since then . , Umm Kulthum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mahmoud osman",
            "abdel halim hafez",
            "mohamed mounir",
            "amr diab",
            "abdu el hamouli",
            "hathor",
            "almaz",
            "sayed darwish",
            "mohammed abdel wahab"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e810e17f3d1400422536_s",
              "question": "Who did the invention of ancient Egyptian music belong to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hathor",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with invention of music by ancient Egyptians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16087_s",
          "context": "Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims . According to the Quran , Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims . Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad . Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse , the background of its revelation and , occasionally , interpretation of one verse with the help of the other . If the verse was about a historical event , then sometimes a few traditions -LRB- hadith -RRB- of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear .",
          "c_entity": [
            "abi talib",
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            "muhammad",
            "abbas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ebf63c246551400ce45ef_s",
              "question": "Who was the first trainee in tafshire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1467_s",
          "context": "Of the 80 torch-bearers in London , Sir Steve Redgrave , who started the relay , mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could `` see why they would like to make an issue '' of it . Amid pressure from both directions . '' Protests began as soon as Redgrave started the event , leading to at least thirty-five arrests . , and in a separate incident , a fire extinguisher was set off near the torch . The Chinese ambassador carried the torch through Chinatown after an unpublicized change to the route amid security concerns . The torch made an unscheduled move onto a bus along Fleet Street amid security concerns and efforts to evade the protesters . In an effort to counter the pro-Tibet protesters and show their support for the 2008 Beijing Olympics , more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs , banners and Chinese flags . A large number of supporters were concentrated in Trafalgar Square , displaying the Olympic slogan `` One World , One Dream '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon brown",
            "norman baker",
            "francesca martinez",
            "parliament",
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            "steve redgrave",
            "bbc",
            "richard vaughan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8df98dc89441400fdb36d_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to carry the London torch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Steve Redgrave",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to hold the torch for the London route?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5190_s",
          "context": "Growing out of the Somali people 's rich storytelling tradition , immediately after independence . Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency -LRB- SFA -RRB- regulatory body in 1975 , the local film scene began to expand rapidly . The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA 's representative in Rome . , popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry . Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit , facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks . Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film , The Somali Darwish -LRB- The Somalia Dervishes -RRB- , devoted to the Dervish State . , a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged . Referred to as Somaliwood , this upstart , youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines , marketing strategies and production techniques . The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980s",
            "2000s",
            "the 1990s",
            "1960s",
            "1975",
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fae59a8f12f31900630266_s",
              "question": "When was SFA founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the SFA founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14692_s",
          "context": "The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg , a municipal corporation , economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews . , the East Prussian territories were re-arranged in the Regierungsbezirke of Gumbinnen and Königsberg . , the southern districts of East Prussia formed the separate Regierungsbezirk of Allenstein . The united province was again split into separate East and West Prussian provinces in 1878 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1878",
            "1815",
            "1824",
            "1905",
            "1829"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a2a906aef051400155333_s",
              "question": "When did East Prussia and West Prussia break up again?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1878",
                  "answer_start": 580
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did East and West Prussia split again?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6997_s",
          "context": "Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train , tram , bus and taxi systems . The public transport system was privatised in 1999 , symbolising the peak of the decline . , there have since been large increases in public transport patronage , with the mode share for commuters increasing to 14.8 % and 8.4 % of all trips .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "1927",
            "2003",
            "2006",
            "the 21st century",
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            "2020"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e7da40dc6ce19002050d6_s",
              "question": "When was the public transport system privatized?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the public transport system privatised?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4755_s",
          "context": ", PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority , with 67 of 100 seats , in the parliamentary election held in November 2008 . In November 2008 , President Vieira 's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces , killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2008",
            "three years later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8cb539b226e1400dd1021_s",
              "question": "When was the attack on the house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2008",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the attack on the residence occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13458_s",
          "context": "Starting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and materials for construction were introduced, the landscape changed as the city grew in width and height. The Great Fire of 1892 destroyed most of the downtown core, and most residential and other wood-frame buildings date from this period.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1892"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572819473acd2414000df486_s",
              "question": "When did the fire happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1892",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Great Fire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2845_s",
          "context": ". In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "1969",
            "1987"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a23_s",
              "question": "When was UNFPA administered by the General Assembly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-535_s",
          "context": "News reports indicate that the poorer , rural villages were hardest hit . Swaminathan Krishnan : `` the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China . Presumably , many of the buildings were just built ; they were not designed , so to speak . '' Swaminathan Krishnan further added : `` There are very strong building codes in China , which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues . But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "swaminathan krishnan",
            "california institute of technology"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cebd8aaab44d1400b88978_s",
              "question": "Who is the assistant professor of deep architecture and geophysics at Caltech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Swaminathan Krishnan",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was an assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1276_s",
          "context": "In the audition rounds , 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions . These were cut to 30 for the semifinal , with ten going on to the finals . One semifinalist , was disqualified for lying to evade the show 's age limit . One of the early favorites , Tamyra Gray , was eliminated at the top four , the first of several such shock eliminations that were to be repeated in later seasons . Christina Christian was hospitalized before the top six result show due to chest pains and palpitations , and she was eliminated while she was in the hospital . ; his sexual orientation was revealed in his online journal , however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christina christian",
            "jim verraros",
            "delano cagnolatti"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db079fe7c41114004b4c81_s",
              "question": "Who was eliminated during her hospitalization for chest pain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christina Christian",
                  "answer_start": 422
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was eliminated while she was in the hospital due to chest pains?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3665_s",
          "context": "The \"soft\" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of \"oldies\" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) \"easy listening\" fare, this amount varying depending on the age of the station's target demographic.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2010s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6da02de9d37140006808f_s",
              "question": "When did softcom try to reinvent itself?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the late 2000s/early 2010s",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9019_s",
          "context": ", but exchanged little territory ; the stalemate held . Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued , and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong . On the Chinese side , Zhou Enlai directed peace talks . Combat continued while the belligerents negotiated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "li kenong",
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            "pva",
            "zhou enlai",
            "un command"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e9fadd62a815002e9504_s",
              "question": "Who led China's ceasefire negotiations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhou Enlai",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed the armistice negotiation for the Chinese?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15975_s",
          "context": "Following Huan 's death . When the plot was uncovered . General Zhang Huan -LRB- 張奐 -RRB- favored the eunuchs . , he was forced to commit suicide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cao jie",
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            "dowager dou",
            "hou lan",
            "wang fu",
            "chen fan",
            "dou wu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ee3a8c246551400ce477f_s",
              "question": "Who accused Dou Wu of treason?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Zhang Huan",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made accusations of treason against Dou Wu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8213_s",
          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore . The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731 , based in Pennsylvania . Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England , the Grand Lodge of Scotland , and the Grand Lodge of Ireland , which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army . Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1731",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57251c250ba9f01400d97c5f_s",
              "question": "When was the provincial champion appointed in North America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1731",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a Provincial Grand Master for North America appointed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11359_s",
          "context": "In May 1940 , the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom , but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return . In September 1940 , as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement , the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda . Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement , but both were added to it , with no war material received by the UK in exchange .",
          "c_entity": [
            "darrell",
            "us army",
            "winston churchill",
            "raf transport command"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295432af94a219006aa2b8_s",
              "question": "Who is the prime minister to reach this agreement with the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winston Churchill",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18046_s",
          "context": "In the 7th , noticeable on the mosaics of Santa Prassede , Santa Maria in Domnica , Sant ` Agnese fuori le Mura , Santa Cecilia in Trastevere , Santi Nereo e Achilleo and the San Venanzio chapel of San Giovanni in Laterano . The great dining hall of Pope Leo III in the Lateran Palace was also decorated with mosaics . They were all destroyed later except for one example . Another great work of Pope Leo , the apse mosaic of Santa Susanna , depicted Christ with the Pope and Charlemagne on one side , and SS . Susanna and Felicity on the other . Pope Paschal I -LRB- 817 -- 824 -RRB- embellished the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco with an apsidal mosaic which depicted the pope with a model of the church -LRB- destroyed in 1607 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1585",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573157bae6313a140071ce45_s",
              "question": "When was the mosaic of St. Stefano del CaCO destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1607",
                  "answer_start": 728
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the mosaic at the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco destroyed?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2999_s",
          "context": ", Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk . -LSB- N 23 -RSB- The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I , II and III , and were flown both unmanned and manned -LRB- Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge -RRB- in the period from 1907 -- 1912 . Some of Bell 's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1907",
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            "1912"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfb5977aa994140058e02d_s",
              "question": "When was Bell's equipment flown in from 1907?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2292_s",
          "context": ", audiences had an appetite for action films , with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars . Schwarzenegger 's roles reflected his sense of humor , separating him from more serious action hero films , such as the alternative universe poster for Terminator 2 . He made a number of successful films , The Running Man -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Predator -LRB- 1987 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1987",
            "the 1980s",
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            "1986",
            "1985",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de8b764396321400ee2a0e_s",
              "question": "When was Schwarzenegger's film runner published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 354
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5603_s",
          "context": "Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.",
          "c_entity": [
            "eastern fennoscandia"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705fae575f01819005e7817_s",
              "question": "Where are the flindilla cowboys from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eastern Fennoscandia",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5666_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres -LRB- 8.1 ha -RRB- directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $ 2 billion plus casino resort . Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project 's developer for the Revel Casino . Revel was hindered with many problems , with the biggest setback to the company being in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley , the owner of 90 % of Revel Entertainment Group , decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale . Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job , and two of three of those who opposed it `` strongly '' opposed it . Ultimately . As of March 2011 -LSB- update -RSB- , Revel had completed all of the exterior work and had continued work on the interior after finally receiving the funding necessary to complete construction . It had a soft opening in April 2012 , and was fully open by May 2012 . Ten months later , in February 2013 , after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $ 2.4 billion to $ 450 million , Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19 , 2014 . It was put up for sale , however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2 , 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "revel entertainment group",
            "morgan stanley",
            "publicmind",
            "chris christie",
            "fairleigh dickinson university"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706332975f01819005e7a7e_s",
              "question": "Who is the developer of the Morgan Stanley casino resort?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Revel Entertainment Group",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named as the developer for Morgan Stanley's casino resort?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16677_s",
          "context": ", with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika , Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country , opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought . Tensions also developed between Soviet Azerbaijan and its autonomous district of Nagorno-Karabakh , a majority-Armenian region separated by Stalin from Armenia in 1923 . The Armenians of Karabakh demanded unification with Soviet Armenia . Peaceful protests in Yerevan supporting the Karabakh Armenians were met with anti-Armenian pogroms in the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1923",
            "1988",
            "1970"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb43c947a6a140053cbb6_s",
              "question": "When was Berg Karabakh removed from Armenia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Nagorno-Karabakh removed from Armenia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1048_s",
          "context": "In June 2013 , West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child , North . In October 2013 , the couple announced their engagement to widespread media attention . November 2013 , hoping to release it by mid-2014 . In December 2013 , to be premiered the following year . In May 2014 , West and Kardashian were married in a private ceremony in Florence , Italy , with a variety of artists and celebrities in attendance . West released a single , `` Only One '' , on December 31 , 2014 . `` FourFiveSeconds '' , was released in January 2015 . West also appeared on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special , where he premiered a new song entitled `` Wolves '' . In February 2015 , entitled Yeezy Season 1 , to generally positive reviews . This would include West 's Yeezy Boost sneakers . In March 2015 . West performed the song at the 2015 BRIT Awards with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC 's including : Skepta , Novelist , Stormzy . He would premiere the second iteration of his clothing line , Yeezy Season 2 , in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sia furler",
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            "kim kardashian",
            "adidas",
            "allan kingdom",
            "rick rubin",
            "wiley",
            "paul mccartney"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d10fb217492d1400aab876_s",
              "question": "Who is the mother of Kanye's first child?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kim Kardashian",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the mother of Kanye's first child?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-743_s",
          "context": ". '' , trying to break into the judge 's house . Finally . , but amid the confusion someone comes to the children 's rescue . , where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom robinson",
            "jem",
            "bob ewell",
            "atticus",
            "boo radley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce6488aab44d1400b88740_s",
              "question": "Who saved Jim and the boy scouts from Bob ewall?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boo Radley",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who saved Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-208_s",
          "context": "There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry . In the United States , the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration -LRB- FDA -RRB- in 1977 . , the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York , ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others , ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock , which violated FDA regulations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "march 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d178d058e614000b6322_s",
              "question": "When was drug resistance considered a problem in raising livestock?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-306_s",
          "context": ", raided as far as Lhasa . During his attack in 1240 -- 1251 -RRB- , leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism , to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China . With Sakya Pandita 's submission to Godan in 1247 -- 1246 -RRB- . , stating that `` this investiture had little real impact '' but it was significant in that it established the unique `` Priest-Patron '' relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "töregene khatun",
            "sakya pandita",
            "michael c. van walt van praag",
            "godan",
            "genghis khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc44b76d243a140015eeed_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the Sakyamuni sect of Tibetan Buddhism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sakya Pandita",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7285_s",
          "context": "At about the same time , Charles Coffin , leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company , acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents . General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady , New York , and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn , Massachusetts , with the support of Drexel , Morgan & Co. . The company was incorporated in New York . Around the same time , General Electric 's Canadian counterpart , Canadian General Electric , was formed .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d2a80b3d812140066d4d1_s",
              "question": "When was Ge founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1892",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was General Electric formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6966_s",
          "context": ". Growing building activity culminated in a `` land boom '' which , reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value . As a result of the boom , large commercial buildings , coffee palaces , terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city . The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators , resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings ; most notably the APA Building . This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1885",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e5daf0dc6ce1900204fad_s",
              "question": "When was the hydroelectric power plant built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1887",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was a hydraulic facility established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8578_s",
          "context": "In 677 -LRB- during the reign of Emperor Gaozong -RRB- , led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian . They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou ; In 885 . They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou . These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region . This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wang shenzhi",
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            "huang chao",
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            "chen yuanguang",
            "xizong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264e0bdd62a815002e8110_s",
              "question": "Who was the ruler of China in 677?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Gaozong",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the ruler of China in 677?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8166_s",
          "context": "Victoria 's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy , and encouraged the growth of the republican movement . She did undertake her official government duties , yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences -- Windsor Castle , Osborne House , and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847 , Balmoral Castle . , a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced `` these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant 's declining business '' . Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public . She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1864",
            "1847"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723eae00dadf01500fa1fa0_s",
              "question": "When did the queen and Albert Balmoral buy the castle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1847",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Queen and Albert purchase Balmoral Castle?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17908_s",
          "context": "The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting , and offered their patronage to Confucian culture . The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors , for instance , embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy . The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu . The Qianlong Emperor sponsored the largest collection of writings in Chinese history , the Siku Quanshu , completed in 1782 . Court painters made new versions of the Song masterpiece , Zhang Zeduan 's Along the River During the Qingming Festival whose depiction of a prosperous and happy realm demonstrated the beneficence of the emperor . The emperors undertook tours of the south and commissioned monumental scrolls to depict the grandeur of the occasion . Imperial patronage also encouraged the industrial production of ceramics and Chinese export porcelain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1782",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5731639f497a881900248eb4_s",
              "question": "When did Siku complete the book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1782",
                  "answer_start": 437
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Siku Quanshu finished?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-301_s",
          "context": "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal . Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship , noting the Ming dynasty 's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet . Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship . -- 1280 -RRB- of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism -- 1424 -RRB- made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa -LRB- 1384 -- 1415 -RRB- , the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school . However .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yongle emperor",
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            {
              "id": "56cc27346d243a140015eebc_s",
              "question": "Who did Emperor Yongle want to establish a religious alliance with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Deshin Shekpa",
                  "answer_start": 657
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12587_s",
          "context": ". Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the Great War . The college commissioned replacements by Evie Hone -LRB- 1949 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "evie hone",
            "upper school",
            "john piper",
            "l k. hall",
            "patrick reyntiens"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279105f1498d1400e8fc44_s",
              "question": "Who was hired to replace the church windows in 1949-1952?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Evie Hone",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was hired to replace windows in the Chapel from 1949-1952?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8242_s",
          "context": "Since the existence of the earliest Jewish diaspora , though the amount of effort that should be spent towards such an aim was a matter of dispute . The hopes and yearnings of Jews living in exile are an important theme of the Jewish belief system . After the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492 , some communities settled in Palestine . During the 16th century , Jewish communities struck roots in the Four Holy Cities -- and in 1697 . In the second half of the 18th century , Eastern European opponents of Hasidism , settled in Palestine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tiberias",
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            {
              "id": "5725b6c4271a42140099d07c_s",
              "question": "Where did some Jewish communities settle after being deported from Spain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palestine",
                  "answer_start": 328
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did some Jewish communities settle after they were expelled from Spain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9865_s",
          "context": "No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I . In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . In 1562 , the English Crown encouraged the privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake to engage in slave-raiding attacks against Spanish and Portuguese ships off the coast of West Africa with the aim of breaking into the Atlantic trade system . This effort was rebuffed and later , as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified , Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic , laden with treasure from the New World . At the same time , influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee -LRB- who was the first to use the term `` British Empire '' -RRB- were beginning to press for the establishment of England 's own empire . By this time , Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean , Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China , and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area , later to become New France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the last decades of the 16th century",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266351708984140094c47e_s",
              "question": "When did Johns Hawkins and Francis Drake attack slave ships in Spain and Portugal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1562",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-590_s",
          "context": "The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it \"Nouvelle Angoulême\" (New Angoulême).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1524"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce345caab44d1400b88580_s",
              "question": "When did the first European arrive in New York?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1524",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18328_s",
          "context": "In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts -LRB- charismata -RRB- of the Spirit . Generally , however , Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional , such as Word of Faith , Toronto Blessing , Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival . Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA , which leading figure is Terry Virgo .",
          "c_entity": [
            "great britain",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324b720fdd8d15006c6924_s",
              "question": "Where are the churches in different countries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "USA",
                  "answer_start": 579
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Every Nations Churches located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9383_s",
          "context": "While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor , the municipalities within it were autonomous . In 1903 , Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District . Eventually , the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District . In place of the municipalities , the Federal District was divided into one `` Central Department '' and 13 delegaciones -LRB- boroughs -RRB- administered directly by the government of the Federal District . The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City , Tacuba , Tacubaya and Mixcoac .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1903",
            "december 1928",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267a3f708984140094c76b_s",
              "question": "When was the first power cut by Mexico's urban authorities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1903",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11829_s",
          "context": "In June 1963 , President Kennedy continued his policy of affirmative action by issuing another mandate , Executive Order 11114 . : 72 Through this order , all federal funds , such as `` grants , loans , unions and employers who accepted taxpayer funds , and other forms of financial assistance to state and local governments , '' were forced to comply to the government 's policies on affirmative action in employment practices. : 72",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 1963",
            "1961"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273326f1498d1400e8f47c_s",
              "question": "When did President Kennedy issue executive order 1111114?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1963",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did President Kennedy issue Executive Order 11114?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11546_s",
          "context": ", 1940 , that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939 . In the first year , half a million tons of wheat , 900,000 tons of oil , 100,000 tons of cotton , 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials , along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories . The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser , the plans to the battleship Bismarck , heavy naval guns , including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber . The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment , locomotives , turbines , generators , diesel engines , ships , machine tools and samples of German artillery , tanks , explosives , chemical-warfare equipment and other items .",
          "c_entity": [
            "union",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dc6d708984140094d3ed_s",
              "question": "Where do soybeans come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manchuria",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the soybeans coming from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3800_s",
          "context": "Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years . The number of National key laboratories , National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation . It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region , some of which are listed as follows :",
          "c_entity": [
            "2013",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7c15800c9c71400d77587_s",
              "question": "When was Nanjing regarded as an educational center in southern China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "more than 1700 years",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": ". Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet , so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him . In 1894 , Gladstone retired and , without consulting the outgoing prime minister , Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister . His government was weak . Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria 's reign .",
          "c_entity": [
            "82 years old",
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            "1892"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722cddcf6b826140030fc50_s",
              "question": "When did Gladstone retire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Gladstone retire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-218_s",
          "context": "Frédéric François Chopin -LRB- / ˈʃoʊpæn / ; French pronunciation : -LSB- fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃ -RSB- ; 22 February or 1 March 1810 -- 17 October 1849 -RRB- , born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin , -LSB- n 1 -RSB- was a Polish and French -LRB- by citizenship and birth of father -RRB- composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era , who wrote primarily for the solo piano . He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era , whose `` poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation . '' Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw , and grew up in Warsaw , which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland . A child prodigy , less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d8_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin grow up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Warsaw",
                  "answer_start": 624
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin grow up?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18681_s",
          "context": "Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns . , authoritarian society such as -LRB- they believed -RRB- existed in the Middle Ages . Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists , have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature , which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human . `` Humanism fabricates the human as much as it fabricates the nonhuman animal '' , suggests Timothy Laurie , turning the human into what he calls `` a placeholder for a range of attributes that have been considered most virtuous among humans -LRB- e.g. rationality , altruism -RRB- , rather than most commonplace -LRB- e.g. hunger , anger -RRB- '' . Nevertheless , anti-humanism thus frequently `` secretes a humanist rhetoric '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "t. s. eliot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57328842b9988014000c7668_s",
              "question": "Who says humanism creates placeholders for people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Timothy Laurie",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5420_s",
          "context": ". '' Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706621052bb891400689a04_s",
              "question": "Who is the Attorney General of Canada?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Irwin Cotler",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Canadian Minister of Justice?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16995_s",
          "context": "Richmond recovered quickly from the war , and by 1782 was once again a thriving city . In 1786 , the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom -LRB- drafted by Thomas Jefferson -RRB- was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond , providing the basis for the separation of church and state , a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States . A permanent home for the new government , the Virginia State Capitol building , and was completed in 1788 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas jefferson",
            "charles-louis clérisseau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573263ade99e3014001e675a_s",
              "question": "Who designed the Richmond capital tower?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Jefferson",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Richmond Capital Building?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11563_s",
          "context": "Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a `` battery '' to increase the charge storage capacity . , not in the water as others had assumed . He also adopted the term `` battery '' , -LRB- denoting the increasing of power with a row of similar units as in a battery of cannon -RRB- , subsequently applied to clusters of electrochemical cells . , leaving a space at the mouth to prevent arcing between the foils . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The earliest unit of capacitance was the jar , equivalent to about 1.11 nanofarads .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benjamin franklin",
            "leyden",
            "daniel gralath"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e2c1dd62a815002e93e8_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to connect several Leiden glasses at the same time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Gralath",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to connect several Leyden jars in parallel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-297_s",
          "context": ", despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano , has rarely been questioned . '' He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831 -- `` the artistic environment , the publishers who were willing to print his music , the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what Chopin asked for their lessons '' -- and these factors , as well as his musical genius , also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation . While his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism , the rarity of his public recitals -LRB- as opposed to performances at fashionable Paris soirées -RRB- led Arthur Hutchings to suggest that `` his lack of Byronic flamboyance -LSB- and -RSB- his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional '' among his romantic contemporaries .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3a65259d6e4140014688a_s",
              "question": "Who says Chopin is different from his contemporaries, the Romantics Liszt and Henry Hertz?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arthur Hutchings",
                  "answer_start": 641
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7288_s",
          "context": "In May 2005 , GE announced the launch of a program called `` Ecomagination , '' intended , hybrid locomotives , fuel cells , lower-emission aircraft engines , lighter and stronger durable materials , efficient lighting , and water purification technology '' . The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that , `` while General Electric 's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line , Mr. Immelt 's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company 's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d2f3db3d812140066d509_s",
              "question": "When did Ge announce its eco imagination program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2005",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12561_s",
          "context": "One of Albert's greatest contributions was his study of Dionysus the Areopagite, a mystical theologian whose words left an indelible imprint in the medieval period. Magnus' writings made a significant contribution to German mysticism, which became vibrant in the minds of the Beguines and women such as Hildegard of Bingen and Mechthild of Magdeburg. Mysticism, for the purposes of this study, refers to the conviction that all believers have the capability to experience God's love. This love may manifest itself through brief ecstatic experiences, such that one may be engulfed by God and gain an immediate knowledge of Him, which is unknowable through the intellect alone.",
          "c_entity": [
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d9b5ff5b5019007d96d4_s",
              "question": "When did Albert Magnus study Dionysus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "medieval",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Albert Magnus studied Dionysus during what historical period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10402_s",
          "context": "Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence . The Port-au-Prince Carnival is one of the largest in North America . It is known as Kanaval in the Creole language . , known as `` Pre-Kanaval '' . , Haiti had another carnival called Kanaval de Fleur . Beautiful costumes , floats , Rara parades , masks , foods , and popular rasin music -LRB- like Boukman Eksperyans , Foula Vodoule , Tokay , Boukan Ginen , Eritaj , etc. -RRB- and kompa bands -LRB- such as T-Vice , Djakout No. 1 , Sweet Micky , Kreyòl La , D.P. Express , Mizik Mizik , Ram , T-Micky , Carimi , Djakout Mizik , and Scorpio Fever -RRB- play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars . An annual song competition takes place .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february",
            "july 2012",
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            "january"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572791465951b619008f8dc1_s",
              "question": "When did Carnival begin in Haiti?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1804",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Carnival start in Haiti?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4750_s",
          "context": "Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá.",
          "c_entity": [
            "29 november 1980"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04ad_s",
              "question": "When did PAIGC confirm the death penalty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "29 November 1980",
                  "answer_start": 433
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2097_s",
          "context": "A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health.",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert ulrich"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa6de7aa994140058df99_s",
              "question": "Who recorded 23 surgical patients who assigned rooms to view natural scenes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Ulrich",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8469_s",
          "context": ", Napoleon and Czar Alexander met at the Congress of Erfurt to preserve the Russo-French alliance . The leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in 1807 . , however , tensions had increased and Alexander was under pressure from the Russian nobility to break off the alliance . A major strain on the relationship between the two nations became the regular violations of the Continental System by the Russians , which led Napoleon to threaten Alexander with serious consequences if he formed an alliance with Britain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1808",
            "1807",
            "1811"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b2c1f1498d1400e8e7dd_s",
              "question": "When was the first time Napoleon and Tsar Alexander met?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1807",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6455_s",
          "context": "The approaching era of jet travel , and a series of midair collisions -LRB- most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision -RRB- , prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 . The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA , and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control . The FAA 's first administrator , Elwood R. Quesada .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisenhower",
            "faa",
            "caa",
            "elwood r. quesada",
            "air force",
            "federal aviation agency"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9616d058f1900183048_s",
              "question": "Who was the first FAA director?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elwood R. Quesada",
                  "answer_start": 422
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the FAA's first administrator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11609_s",
          "context": "In Hellenistic Egypt, the mathematician Euclid laid down the foundations of mathematical rigor and introduced the concepts of definition, axiom, theorem and proof still in use today in his Elements, considered the most influential textbook ever written. Archimedes, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, is credited with using the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of Pi. He is also known in physics for laying the foundations of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of the lever.",
          "c_entity": [
            "euclid"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fb48dd62a815002e96d6_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the element book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Euclid",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the book Elements?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1702_s",
          "context": "In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1965"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dc6a0914d3a41400c2687b_s",
              "question": "When was the comprehensive school first established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 657
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were comprehensive schools first created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-173_s",
          "context": "Genocide has become an official term used in international relations . The word genocide was not in use before 1944 . Before this , Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as `` a crime without a name '' . , a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin , described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide . The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno - -LRB- meaning tribe or race -RRB- and caedere -LRB- the Latin word for to kill -RRB- . The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731eb9bb9d445190005e697_s",
              "question": "When was the word \"genocide\" first used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1944",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the word \"genocide\" first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14873_s",
          "context": "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of `` neoliberalism '' . A British scholar , Samuel Brittan , concluded in 2010 , `` Hayek 's book -LSB- The Constitution of Liberty -RSB- is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals . '' , Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a `` more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "raymond plant",
            "samuel brittan",
            "hayek"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572abd0734ae481900deaca4_s",
              "question": "Who claims that Hayek's liberal constitution is an exact example of Neo liberal philosophy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel Brittan",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was it that claimed Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty to be an thorough example of neoliberal philosophy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9548_s",
          "context": ", which was located in the northeast corner of 200 East and 200 North . On October 16 , 1875 , personally purchased the Lewis Building after previously hinting that a school would be built in Draper , Utah in 1867 . Hence , October 16 . : `` I hope to see an Academy established in Provo ... at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "saints",
            "lds church",
            "warren dusenberry",
            "byu",
            "brigham young university",
            "said young"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572826ce2ca10214002d9f44_s",
              "question": "Who does Brigham Young want to know about the Pew?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "children of the Latter-day Saints",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Brigham Young hope to educate via BYU?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16695_s",
          "context": "This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions . The International Monetary Fund -LRB- IMF -RRB- , World Bank , European Bank for Reconstruction and Development -LRB- EBRD -RRB- , and other international financial institutions -LRB- IFIs -RRB- and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans . These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilizing the currency ; developing private businesses ; energy ; agriculture ; food processing ; transportation ; the health and education sectors ; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone . The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003 . But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora , which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects . Being a growing democratic state , Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World .",
          "c_entity": [
            "5 february 2003",
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd0f8947a6a140053cce8_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia join the world trade organization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "5 February 2003",
                  "answer_start": 683
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17132_s",
          "context": "Historically , Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West , due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis -LRB- Greek : Περσίς -RRB- , meaning `` land of the Persians . '' As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians , the term persisted , even long after the Persian rule in Greece . However , Persis -LRB- Old Persian : Pārśa ; Modern Persian : Pārse -RRB- was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia , in the 9th century BC . The settlement was then shifted to the southern end of the Zagros Mountains .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ff3e2947a6a140053ce72_s",
              "question": "When did the Persians settle on the West Bank of Lake ulmia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 9th century BC",
                  "answer_start": 534
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-486_s",
          "context": "A brief shoot at London 's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015 . On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London . , with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges . The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge . The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming . , were seen being filmed . Prior to this . Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square . In early June , the crew , returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "harris",
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            "waltz",
            "london fire brigade",
            "craig",
            "mendes",
            "fiennes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf4b67aab44d1400b88f6b_s",
              "question": "Who helped filmmakers simulate rain during filming in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The London Fire Brigade",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18755_s",
          "context": "The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths , mainly comprising Hinduism -LSB- citation needed -RSB- , by defeating Raja Dahir . It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty , the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph . Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca , their capital was Damascus . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- In the 11th century , during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni , the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital -LSB- citation needed -RSB- of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan . The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region .",
          "c_entity": [
            "muhammad bin qasim",
            "umayya ibn abd shams",
            "raja dahir"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fcd74776f41900661663_s",
              "question": "Who did the Umayyads defeat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Raja Dahir",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Umayyads defeat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2568_s",
          "context": "The first landing was followed by another , precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969 . NASA had achieved its first landing goal with enough Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launchers left for eight follow-on lunar landings through Apollo 20 , conducting extended-endurance missions and transporting the landing crews in Lunar Roving Vehicles on the last five . They also planned an Apollo Applications Program to develop a longer-duration Earth orbital workshop -LRB- later named Skylab -RRB- to be constructed in orbit from a spent S-IVB upper stage , using several launches of the smaller Saturn IB launch vehicle . But planners soon decided this could be done more efficiently by using the two live stages of a Saturn V to launch the workshop pre-fabricated from an S-IVB -LRB- which was also the Saturn V third stage -RRB- , which immediately removed Apollo 20 . Belt-tightening budget cuts soon led NASA to cut Apollo 18 and 19 as well , but keep three extended/Lunar Rover missions . , returning its crew safely but temporarily grounding the program again .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "april 1972",
            "december 1972",
            "february 1971",
            "july 1971"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10a04cd28a01900c674a1_s",
              "question": "When was the second moon landing successful?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1969",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the second landing on the Moon successful?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1487_s",
          "context": "The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying \"she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’.\" On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi \"against Chinese repression in Tibet\", and was broken up by the police.",
          "c_entity": [
            "delhi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3337e7c41114004b4f33_s",
              "question": "Where are the protests in India's Olympic Relay?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Delhi",
                  "answer_start": 344
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16623_s",
          "context": "Near the intersection of Craycroft and Ft. Lowell Roads are the remnants of the Historic Fort Lowell . This area has become one of Tucson 's iconic neighborhoods . In 1891 , the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin . In 1900 , three of the officer buildings were purchased for use as a sanitarium . The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928 . -- transforming them into spectacular artistic southwestern architectural examples . Their woodwork , plaster treatment and sense of proportion drew on their Dutch heritage and New Mexican experience . Other artists and academics throughout the middle of the 20th century , including , Charels Bode , renovated adobes , built homes and lived in the area . This rural pocket in the middle of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Each year in February the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark it owns and restored the San Pedro Chapel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "giorgio belloli",
            "hazel larson archer",
            "jack kerouac",
            "veronica hughart",
            "edward",
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            "madame cheruy",
            "win ellis",
            "nan",
            "ruth brown",
            "rosamond spicer",
            "harvey adkins",
            "pete",
            "charles bolsius",
            "alan harrington"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57342e41d058e614000b6aa6_s",
              "question": "Who bought the fort Lowell sanitarium in the 1920s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harvey Adkins",
                  "answer_start": 408
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought the Fort Lowell sanitarium in 1928?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12482_s",
          "context": "Pāśupata Shaivism -LRB- Pāśupata , `` of Paśupati '' -RRB- is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools . The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE . Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect -LRB- or created world -RRB- , the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior . Whereas , Pati means the cause -LRB- or principium -RRB- , the word designates the Lord , who is the cause of the universe , the pati , or the ruler . Pashupatas disapproved of Vaishnava theology , on the grounds that dependence upon anything could not be the means of cessation of pain and other desired ends . They recognised that those depending upon another and longing for independence will not be emancipated because they still depend upon something other than themselves . According to Pāśupatas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "supreme deity",
            "lakulish",
            "supreme being"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bed92ca10214002d954d_s",
              "question": "Who organized the philosophy of pasupata?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lakulish",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who organized the Pasupata philosophy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14124_s",
          "context": "Craig Venter and Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000 . Upon examining the data from the genome mapping , Venter realized that although the genetic variation within the human species is on the order of 1 , the types of variations do not support notion of genetically defined races . Venter said , `` Race is a social concept . It 's not a scientific one . There are no bright lines -LRB- that would stand out -RRB- , if we could compare all the sequenced genomes of everyone on the planet . '' `` When we try to apply science to try to sort out these social differences , it all falls apart . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729259daf94a219006aa0fa_s",
              "question": "When was the human genome described?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the announcement that the human genome had been mapped made in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14229_s",
          "context": "-- 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure . The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements . , though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement . There are a high number of engineering schools , led by the Paris Institute of Technology which comprises several colleges such as École Polytechnique , École des Mines , AgroParisTech , Arts et Métiers , and École des Ponts et Chaussées . There are also many business schools , including HEC , INSEAD , ESSEC . The Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of the Paris-Sorbonne University is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine . , Lycée Henri-IV . The National Institute of Sport and Physical Education , located in the 12th arrondissement , is both a physical education institute and high-level training centre for elite athletes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "télécom",
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            "paris institute of technology",
            "france",
            "lycée condorcet",
            "lycée janson de sailly",
            "strasbourg",
            "neuilly-sur-seine",
            "lycée louis-le-grand",
            "paris-dauphine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ffa16aef051400154967_s",
              "question": "Where is sesra?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Neuilly-sur-Seine",
                  "answer_start": 673
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is CESLA located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10389_s",
          "context": "The Slovenian countryside displays a variety of disguised groups and individual characters among which the most popular and characteristic is the Kurent (plural: Kurenti), a monstrous and demon-like, but fluffy figure. The most significant festival is held in Ptuj (see: Kurentovanje). Its special feature are the Kurents themselves, magical creatures from another world, who visit major events throughout the country, trying to banish the winter and announce spring's arrival, fertility, and new life with noise and dancing. The origin of the Kurent is a mystery, and not much is known of the times, beliefs, or purposes connected with its first appearance. The origin of the name itself is obscure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ptuj"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277f9d5951b619008f8b69_s",
              "question": "Where is the most important Slovenian festival held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ptuj",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the most significant Slovenian festival held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17107_s",
          "context": "A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail 's work , Philosophus Autodidactus , prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger , followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708 , as well as German and Dutch translations . These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe , regarded as the first novel in English . Philosophus Autodidactus , continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages , inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island , The Aspiring Naturalist .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1671",
            "1708"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ff1df947a6a140053ce4a_s",
              "question": "When did Simon ockley translate the philosopher autodidactus into English?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1708",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14834_s",
          "context": "With the help of Mises , before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics -LRB- LSE -RRB- in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins . Upon his arrival in London , Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world , and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks , Abba Lerner , and many others in the development of modern microeconomics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931",
            "the late 1920s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a43b63f37b31900478849_s",
              "question": "When did Hayek come to London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Hayek come to London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6955_s",
          "context": "Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state . These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature , but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower . , a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city . The lowest temperature on record is − 2.8 °C -LRB- 27.0 °F -RRB- , on 21 July 1869 . The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C -LRB- 115.5 °F -RRB- . While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "7 february 2009",
            "minutes",
            "1986",
            "a day",
            "21 july 1869",
            "daytime",
            "one day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e50af0b85d914000d7e0f_s",
              "question": "When was the lowest temperature in Melbourne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 July 1869",
                  "answer_start": 541
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14969_s",
          "context": "From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century , which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war -LRB- Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856 -RRB- . After the Great Depression , Democratic registrations increased . Four years later , however , voter turnout surged and the city finally flipped to the Democrats . The city has remained loyally Democratic in every presidential election since . It is now one of the most Democratic in the country ; in 2008 , Democrat Barack Obama drew 83 % of the city 's vote . Obama 's win was even greater in 2012 , capturing 85 % of the vote .",
          "c_entity": [
            "herbert hoover",
            "barack obama",
            "republican party",
            "franklin d. roosevelt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab7b334ae481900deac82_s",
              "question": "Who won the most votes in town?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barack Obama",
                  "answer_start": 581
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the most votes in the city in '08?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14395_s",
          "context": "From 1854 , the samurai army and the navy were modernized . A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855 . Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years , starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders , such as Admiral Enomoto . French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals . By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867 , the Japanese navy of the shogun already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship Kaiyō Maru , which were used against pro-imperial forces during the Boshin war , under the command of Admiral Enomoto . A French Military Mission to Japan -LRB- 1867 -RRB- was established to help modernize the armies of the Bakufu .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nagasaki",
            "yokosuka"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1e_s",
              "question": "Where did Japan open a military school in 1855?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nagasaki",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Japan open a military school in 1855?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9714_s",
          "context": "Queen 's last album featuring Mercury , titled Made in Heaven , was finally released in 1995 , four years after his death . Featuring tracks such as `` Too Much Love Will Kill You '' and `` Heaven for Everyone '' , it was constructed from Mercury 's final recordings in 1991 , material left over from their previous studio albums and re-worked material from May , Taylor , and Mercury 's solo albums . The album also featured the song `` Mother Love '' , the last vocal recording Mercury made prior to his death , which he completed using a drum machine , over which May , Taylor and Deacon later added the instrumental track . After completing the penultimate verse , Mercury had told the band he `` was n't feeling that great '' and stated , `` I will finish it when I come back , next time '' ; however , he never made it back into the studio , so May later recorded the final verse of the song . Both stages of recording , before and after Mercury 's death , were completed at the band 's studio in Montreux . , and has sold 20 million copies worldwide . On 25 November 1996 , almost five years to the day since his death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "geneva",
            "switzerland",
            "lake",
            "montreux",
            "uk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bb11708984140094cf7e_s",
              "question": "Where is the Swiss Queen's studio?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Montreux",
                  "answer_start": 1003
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Queen's studio located in Switzerland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1614_s",
          "context": "As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be. George Soros commented that \"The super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves. Similarly, the rating agencies relied on the information provided by the originators of synthetic products. It was a shocking abdication of responsibility.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "george soros"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573352f24776f41900660832_s",
              "question": "Who commented that when products become so complex that risks cannot be accurately calculated, the super boom loses control?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Soros",
                  "answer_start": 354
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when products became so complicated that risk could not be accurately calculated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16231_s",
          "context": "British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph , new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century , allowing it to control and defend the Empire . , the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables , the so-called All Red Line . , around 13,000,000 square miles -LRB- 34,000,000 km2 -RRB- of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire . , with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1902",
            "the second half of the 19th century",
            "1872",
            "1922",
            "1840",
            "1788"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f30b604bcaa1900d76780_s",
              "question": "When was the ship and the telegraph invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the second half of the 19th century",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1474_s",
          "context": "United States of America : The torch relay 's North American leg occurred in San Francisco , California on April 9 . On the day of the relay officials diverted the torch run to an unannounced route . The start was at McCovey Cove . , a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport , where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires . The route changes allowed the run to avoid large numbers of China supporters and protesters against China . , there were angry reactions . One demonstrator was quoted as saying that the route changes were an effort to `` thwart any organized protest that had been planned . '' . '' , on the other hand , said he felt it was in `` everyone 's best interest '' and that he believed people had been `` afforded the right to protest and support the torch '' despite the route changes . Peter Ueberroth , praised the route changes , saying , `` The city of San Francisco , from a global perspective , will be applauded . '' . The cost to the city for hosting the event was reported to be USD $ 726,400 , nearly half of which has been recovered by private fundraising .",
          "c_entity": [
            "norman bellingham",
            "aaron peskin",
            "united states of america",
            "u.s. olympic committee",
            "justin herman plaza",
            "peter ueberroth",
            "gavin newsom",
            "nbc",
            "san francisco board of supervisors",
            "cbs",
            "bush state department",
            "lin li",
            "heather fong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8e665dc89441400fdb3ae_s",
              "question": "Who is the president of the United States Olympic Committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Ueberroth",
                  "answer_start": 825
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18760_s",
          "context": "The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May . Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C , newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat . , when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C . , referred to as barsat , which brings relief in its wake .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may",
            "august",
            "the early 1970s",
            "summer",
            "july",
            "late october",
            "june 1993",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57340043d058e614000b6769_s",
              "question": "When did the monsoon traditionally occur in Punjab?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by May",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5852_s",
          "context": "The anti-clerical feeling was widespread , and Durango supported the initial reaction against the government at Mexico . In May 1832 , José Urrea , a rising officer , supported the restoration of President Pedraza . On July 20 , which met on September 1 . Chihuahua showed no desire to imitate the revolutionary movement and Urrea prepared to invade the state . Comandante-general J.J.Calvo threatened to retaliate , and a conflict seemed imminent . , as the leaders waited for clarity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elorriaga",
            "santa anna",
            "baca",
            "pedraza",
            "josé urrea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570716129e06ca38007e93e0_s",
              "question": "Who supported President Pedraza's restoration?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "José Urrea",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who supported the restoration of President Pedraza?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3210_s",
          "context": "In 1671 , Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids , which results in the production of hydrogen gas . , Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance , by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction `` flammable air '' . He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element . , Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen -LRB- from the Greek ὑδρο - hydro meaning `` water '' and - γενής genes meaning `` creator '' -RRB- when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish 's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1671",
            "1783",
            "1781",
            "1766"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed6_s",
              "question": "When was hydrogen discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1671",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the discovery of hydrogen gas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7999_s",
          "context": "In the colonial years , while conditions were more fluid , white women , indentured servant or free , and African men , servant , slave or free , made unions . Because the women were free , their mixed-race children were born free ; they and their descendants formed most of the families of free people of color during the colonial period in Virginia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1810",
            "the colonial years",
            "1790"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571de30db64a571400c71dd0_s",
              "question": "When can white women and black men form an alliance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the colonial years",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When could white women and black men be in a union?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3258_s",
          "context": "In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying \"Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice.\" Microsoft Corp v Commission",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0ced77aa994140058e72c_s",
              "question": "When did the European Commission say they would investigate the merger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1878_s",
          "context": "In 1996 Brewster Kahle , with Bruce Gilliat , developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages , the Gopher hierarchy , the Netnews -LRB- Usenet -RRB- bulletin board system , and downloadable software . The information collected by these `` crawlers '' does not include all the information available on the Internet , since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible . These `` crawlers '' also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached . To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites , and create digital archives .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddbae166d3e219004dacaf_s",
              "question": "When is this program needed to capture and archive the network?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the program necessary to crawl and archive the web created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17167_s",
          "context": ", Iran 's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran 's enemies and in particular Israel . Many countries have expressed concern that Iran 's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program . This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community . , the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran , if choosing to , would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "2009",
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302839b2c2fd140056898e_s",
              "question": "When does the director of the U.S. intelligence service estimate that Iran can develop nuclear weapons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 662
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was it estimated by the US Director of National Intelligence that Iran would be able to develop a nuclear weapon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8226_s",
          "context": "In Italy , Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge -LRB- a.k.a. P2 -RRB- . , as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges . Under Licio Gelli 's leadership , P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank . However , by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly , as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1877",
            "1970s",
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b29708984140094c55b_s",
              "question": "When did Italy's Great East expel ricio Gehry and abolish P2 charter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 449
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Grand Orient d'italia expel Licio Gelli and revoked the charter of P2?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18361_s",
          "context": "A series of low-lying annexes -LRB- largely hidden -RRB- flank both ends . Farther east , on a triangle of land jutting into the lake ; the presidential residence -RRB- . Between the federal and civic buildings on the Monumental Axis is the city 's cathedral . The parabolically shaped structure is characterized by its 16 gracefully curving supports , which join in a circle 115 feet -LRB- 35 meters -RRB- above the floor of the nave ; stretched between the supports are translucent walls of tinted glass . The nave is entered via a subterranean passage rather than conventional doorways . Other notable buildings are Buriti Palace , Itamaraty Palace , and several foreign embassies that creatively embody features of their national architecture . The Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx designed landmark modernist gardens for some of the principal buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "planalto palace",
            "itamaraty palace",
            "niemeyer",
            "national theater",
            "roberto burle marx",
            "palace of the supreme court",
            "dawn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731df190fdd8d15006c65d8_s",
              "question": "Who designed gardens for some of the great buildings in Brazil?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roberto Burle Marx",
                  "answer_start": 783
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed gardens for some of Brasilia's major buildings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-222_s",
          "context": ", 46 kilometres -LRB- 29 miles -RRB- west of Warsaw , in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw , a Polish state established by Napoleon . The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810 . However , the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March , -LSB- n 2 -RSB- which is now generally accepted as the correct date .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon",
            "fridericus franciscus",
            "fryderyk chopin",
            "franciszek"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5b40aab44d1400b890fe_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Principality of Warsaw?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Duchy of Warsaw was created by whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11673_s",
          "context": "The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty. Changes include the morphological shift of í to ej and é to í (although é survives for some uses) and the merging of í and the former ejí. Sometime before the eighteenth century, the Czech language abandoned a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/ which survives in Slovak.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the eighteenth century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b8a3b34ae481900deae83_s",
              "question": "When did linguists agree that modern Czech was born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the eighteenth century",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do linguists agree modern Czech originated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14837_s",
          "context": ". , such as Aaron Director . , an international forum for libertarian economists . , an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chicago school",
            "frank knight",
            "george stigler",
            "mont pèlerin society",
            "milton friedman",
            "aaron director",
            "hayek",
            "intercollegiate society of individualists",
            "university of chicago law school",
            "intercollegiate studies institute"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a56fbfed8de19000d5b9a_s",
              "question": "Who played a decisive role in the development of legal and social programmes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aaron Director",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who played a critical role in the formation of the Law and Society program?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8569_s",
          "context": "The university employs 3,401 full-time faculty members across its eleven schools . Notable faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize ; Pulitzer Prize . , Nobel Prize -- winning chemist John Pople , and military sociologist and `` do n't ask .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chad mirkin",
            "philip kotler",
            "institute of medicine",
            "federalist society",
            "american academy of arts and sciences",
            "mary zimmerman",
            "macarthur fellowship",
            "jennifer richeson",
            "anna shapiro",
            "dale t. mortensen",
            "ed paschke",
            "charles newman",
            "tony",
            "national academy of sciences",
            "national academy of engineering",
            "gary alan fine",
            "john pople",
            "charles moskos",
            "steven calabresi",
            "bernardine rae dohrn",
            "stuart dybek",
            "fraser stoddart",
            "david axelrod",
            "arthur butz",
            "monica olvera de la cruz",
            "j. michael bailey",
            "garry wills"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281100ff5b5019007d9c4a_s",
              "question": "Who is the member of Northwestern University who won the Nobel Prize?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "chemist John Pople",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning the Nobel Prize?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6678_s",
          "context": "Jared Diamond describes an `` Evil Quartet '' of habitat destruction , overkill , introduced species , and secondary extinctions . , standing for Habitat destruction , Invasive species , Pollution , human over-Population , and Over-harvesting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "birdlife international",
            "conservation international",
            "world wildlife fund",
            "jared diamond",
            "iucn",
            "edward o. wilson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570bd0d9ec8fbc190045bb18_s",
              "question": "Who would describe the bad quartet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jared Diamond",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who describes the \"Evil Quartet\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18446_s",
          "context": "Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period , from 1918 to 1920 , Armenia was an independent republic . In late 1920 , the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army , and in 1922 , Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union , 1991 -RRB- . In 1991 , Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "red army",
            "republic of",
            "socialist republic"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573223cce17f3d14004226b7_s",
              "question": "Who attacked Armenia in the 1920s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Red Army",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invaded Armenia in 1920?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18628_s",
          "context": ". Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate , which was responsible for creating and approving the city 's budget and proposals for land use . In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn , the most populous borough , had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island , the least populous borough , one vote '' decision .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "1898",
            "1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325cf7e17f3d14004228f2_s",
              "question": "When was the board of directors found unconstitutional?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18261_s",
          "context": "In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime \"to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals,\" or \"to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches\" this theory in any school or university that received public funds. The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated \"the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group.\" The court held that the Establishment Clause prohibits the state from advancing any religion, and that \"[T]he state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them.\" ",
          "c_entity": [
            "1968"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cc95e99e3014001e62aa_s",
              "question": "When did Epson v. Arkansas happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-899_s",
          "context": "Economic anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic , geographic and cultural scope . It has a complex relationship with the discipline of economics , of which it is highly critical . Its origins as a sub-field of anthropology begin with the Polish-British founder of Anthropology , Bronislaw Malinowski , and his French compatriot , on the nature of gift-giving exchange -LRB- or reciprocity -RRB- as an alternative to market exchange . , for the most part , focused upon exchange . , in contrast . Economic Anthropologists have abandoned the primitivist niche they were relegated to by economists , and have now turned to examine corporations , banks , and the global financial system from an anthropological perspective .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marcel mauss",
            "marx",
            "bronislaw malinowski",
            "economic anthropology"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733c827d058e614000b6242_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of Polish British Anthropology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bronislaw Malinowski",
                  "answer_start": 320
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9249_s",
          "context": ", having moved eastwards from the Indian subcontinent . , when they became extinct . Austronesian people , who form the majority of the modern population in Indonesia , Malaysia , Brunei , East Timor , and the Philippines , may have migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan . They arrived in Indonesia around 2000 BC , and as they spread through the archipelago , they often settled along coastal areas and confined indigenous peoples such as Negritos of the Philippines or Papuans of New Guinea to inland regions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "45,000 years ago",
            "2000 bc",
            "12,000 years ago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726476ddd62a815002e804c_s",
              "question": "When did the Australians arrive in Indonesia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000 BC",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Austronesian people arrive in indonesia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9362_s",
          "context": "Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians -LRB- Native Americans -RRB- , the other being Quito . , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the Federal District was created in 1824 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1585",
            "1325",
            "1524",
            "1824",
            "1521"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726427cec44d21400f3dd01_s",
              "question": "When was the federal district established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1824",
                  "answer_start": 537
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Federal District formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5005_s",
          "context": ": the Admiralty , the War Office , the Air Ministry , the Ministry of Aviation , and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence . ; the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merged into the Ministry of Defence in 1971 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "1964",
            "1946"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f95c639e9bad19000a0885_s",
              "question": "When will the defense functions of the Department of defense be incorporated into the Department of defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merge into the Ministry of Defence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6612_s",
          "context": "Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success , such as Aerosmith , with their number one multi-platinum albums : Get a Grip -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , which produced four Top 40 singles and became the band 's best-selling album worldwide -LRB- going on to sell over 10 million copies -RRB- . , Aerosmith released the number one hit `` I Do n't Want to Miss a Thing '' , which remains the only single by a hard rock band to debut at number one . , but also achieved success in adult contemporary radio . , spawning four Top 10 singles on the UK Singles Chart . , post-grunge bands emerged . They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge , particularly thick , distorted guitars , but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock . Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters , Candlebox , Live , Collective Soul , Australia 's Silverchair and England 's Bush . Similarly , some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis , including Feeder and Stereophonics , adopted a hard rock or `` pop-metal '' sound .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "days",
            "1993",
            "1996",
            "1990s",
            "1994",
            "1997",
            "the middle years of the decade",
            "1998",
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b62286b8089140040f90a_s",
              "question": "When did Smith release the album?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Aerosmith's album Get A Grip come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11606_s",
          "context": "Subsequently, Plato and Aristotle produced the first systematic discussions of natural philosophy, which did much to shape later investigations of nature. Their development of deductive reasoning was of particular importance and usefulness to later scientific inquiry. Plato founded the Platonic Academy in 387 BC, whose motto was \"Let none unversed in geometry enter here\", and turned out many notable philosophers. Plato's student Aristotle introduced empiricism and the notion that universal truths can be arrived at via observation and induction, thereby laying the foundations of the scientific method. Aristotle also produced many biological writings that were empirical in nature, focusing on biological causation and the diversity of life. He made countless observations of nature, especially the habits and attributes of plants and animals in the world around him, classified more than 540 animal species, and dissected at least 50. Aristotle's writings profoundly influenced subsequent Islamic and European scholarship, though they were eventually superseded in the Scientific Revolution.",
          "c_entity": [
            "387 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f8735951b619008f83a3_s",
              "question": "When was Plato's college founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "387 BC",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Platonic Academy founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9104_s",
          "context": "By 500 BC . , but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC . A second invasion by the Persians followed in 480 BC . Despite a heroic resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas , and a simultaneous naval engagement at Artemisium , which had been evacuated in time . , the Persians were forced to withdraw for a second time , marking their eventual withdrawal from all of their European territories . , the Greek victories in the Greco-Persian Wars are considered a pivotal moment in world history .",
          "c_entity": [
            "athens",
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            "the 50 years",
            "eastern europe",
            "the states",
            "salamis",
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            "thermopylae",
            "plataea",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572621eeec44d21400f3d953_s",
              "question": "Where did the Spartans last stand?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thermopylae",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Spartans made their last stand at what battle location?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1625_s",
          "context": "Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb , author of the 2007 book The Black Swan , spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting , and their reliance on bad models , and framed the problem as part of `` robustness and fragility '' . He also took action against the establishment view by making a big financial bet on banking stocks and making a fortune from the crisis -LRB- `` They did n't listen , so I took their money '' -RRB- . , `` Taleb not only has an explanation for what 's happening , he saw it coming . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "nassim nicholas taleb",
            "new york times",
            "david brooks"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573363724776f41900660995_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"black swan\" in 2007?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nassim Nicholas Taleb",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5793_s",
          "context": ". These tracks were well received in Chicago and played on Chicago radio and in clubs . , `` When we Used to Play / Work your Body '' , 1987 's `` Bounce Your Body to the Box '' and `` Force Field '' , `` The Sound / How to Play our Music '' and `` the Groove that Wo n't Stop '' and a remix of `` Grooving Without a Doubt '' . In 1988 , as house music became more popular among general audiences , Kevin Saunderson 's group Inner City with Paris Gray released the 1988 hits `` Big Fun '' and `` Good Life '' . Each EP . In 1989 . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "mike",
            "wilson",
            "virgin records",
            "steve",
            "kms records",
            "juan atkins",
            "blake baxter",
            "hurley",
            "derrick",
            "kevin saunderson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706ae9775f01819005e7d24_s",
              "question": "Who founded kms records?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kevin Saunderson",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who founded KMS Records?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12974_s",
          "context": "The modern term `` culture '' is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes , where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or `` cultura animi '' , using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul , understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development . Samuel Pufendorf took over this metaphor in a modern context , meaning something similar , but no longer assuming that philosophy was man 's natural perfection . His use , and that of many writers after him `` refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism , and through artifice , become fully human '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "samuel pufendorf",
            "cicero"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c8104b864d1900163cfd_s",
              "question": "Who took over Cicero's parable?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel Pufendorf",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-349_s",
          "context": "Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet , like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming , settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory . Laird writes that `` after the Mongol troops left Tibet , no Ming troops replaced them . '' Wang and Nyima state that , despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there , these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces . However . John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan , which the Marquis Mu Ying -LRB- 沐英 -RRB- was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu . , Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals . Yet invasion went both ways ; the Ming general Qu Neng , under the command of Lan Yu .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1390",
            "the 14th century",
            "october 1379",
            "november 1378"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa6717_s",
              "question": "When was Marquis muying appointed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1378",
                  "answer_start": 733
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13843_s",
          "context": "Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives , including Baltic Battalion -LRB- BALTBAT -RRB- , Baltic Naval Squadron -LRB- BALTRON -RRB- , Baltic Air Surveillance Network -LRB- BALTNET -RRB- and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu . In January 2011 the Baltic states were invited to join NORDEFCO , the defence framework of the Nordic countries .",
          "c_entity": [
            "future",
            "january 2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c1523acd2414000dfdaa_s",
              "question": "When were Baltic countries required to join Nordic financial companies?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2011",
                  "answer_start": 348
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Baltic states asked to join NORDEFCO?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2222_s",
          "context": ". The Allies defeated the Central Powers in 1918 . During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties , especially the Treaty of Versailles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1914",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4a06cffd8e1900b4b7af_s",
              "question": "When did the winners of the first World War appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a victor emerge in World War I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4396_s",
          "context": "Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia -- 92 . Despite being one of the founders of Cominform , soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program . Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism -LRB- sometimes referred to as `` national communism '' -RRB- . His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the `` brotherhood and unity '' of the six Yugoslav nations . After Tito 's death in 1980 , and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics . He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1943",
            "1960s",
            "1951",
            "1980",
            "1991",
            "the decade",
            "the 1950s",
            "the 1970s"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f715e43d8e2e1400e3732f_s",
              "question": "When did Tito die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 560
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tito die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16223_s",
          "context": "The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner . , near Krosno in Galicia in the following year . In 1854 , was the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation . These discoveries rapidly spread around the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yale university",
            "benjamin silliman",
            "ignacy łukasiewicz",
            "abraham pineo gesner"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f1de804bcaa1900d76751_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the process of refining kerosene?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3097_s",
          "context": "In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e064667aa994140058e441_s",
              "question": "When was the replacement for Royal St. Helena launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8152_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was \"worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722cd5df6b826140030fc45_s",
              "question": "When was the shooting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 March 1882",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the shooting?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14004_s",
          "context": "Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia . Skinner began teaching part-time at age 18 , until the Great Depression forced him to begin teaching full-time and learn a broader range of instruments . Skinner founded the Sydney Mandolin Orchestra , the oldest surviving mandolin orchestra in Australia .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the mandolin movement in Australia begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20th century",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Australian mandolin movement begin?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16968_s",
          "context": ", one cruiser and four destroyers . Because they were observing radio silence . -- they were long-time rivals and neither wished to have anything to do with the other . When he entered the narrow Surigao Strait at about 02:00 , several hours from the beaches at Leyte . As they passed Panaon Island . R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf had six battleships , four heavy cruisers , four light cruisers , 29 destroyers and 39 PT boats . To pass the strait and reach the landings . At 03:50 the U.S. battleships opened fire . Radar fire control meant they could hit targets from a much greater distance than the Japanese . , a cruiser and a destroyer were crippled by 16-inch -LRB- 406 mm -RRB- shells . Seeing Fusō and believing her to be the wrecks of two battleships , ending the last battleship-vs-battleship action in history .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323785b9d445190005e8de_s",
              "question": "Who set a trap when the Japanese crossed the island of Banama?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who set the trap for the Japanese forces as they sailed by Panaon Island?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8877_s",
          "context": "In 1902 , who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century , sold the club to Jim Hart . During this period , which has become known as baseball 's dead-ball era . The poem first appeared in the July 18 , 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail . With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912 . With mostly the same roster , Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908 . However ; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f81c38643c19005acf2d_s",
              "question": "Who did spotting sell it to in 1902?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jim Hart",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Spalding sell the Cubs to in 1902?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3399_s",
          "context": "The first Code of Canon Law , 1917 , was mostly for the Roman Rite , with limited application to the Eastern Churches . After the Second Vatican Council . , the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches which became the 1st code of Eastern Catholic Canon Law .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When was the original Canon published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the original Code of Canon Law published?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3589_s",
          "context": "Although the Drive moved to Massachusetts for the 1994 season, the AFL had a number of other teams which it considered \"dynasties\", including the Tampa Bay Storm (the only team that has existed in some form for all twenty-eight contested seasons), their arch-rival the Orlando Predators, the now-defunct San Jose SaberCats of the present decade, and their rivals the Arizona Rattlers.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79b8300c9c71400d7738d_s",
              "question": "Where is the lane franchise?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Massachusetts",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Drive franchise relocate to?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8656_s",
          "context": "Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e50889a1e219009ac065_s",
              "question": "When was the British school in Montevideo founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the British Schools of Montevideo established?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7809_s",
          "context": "Encouraged by these successes , Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market . Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari 's name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System . The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in June 1983 . However , Atari discovered at that show that its competitor Coleco was illegally demonstrating its Coleco Adam computer with Nintendo 's Donkey Kong game . This violation of Atari 's exclusive license with Nintendo to publish the game for its own computer systems delayed the implementation of Nintendo 's game console marketing contract with Atari . , so the deal went nowhere , and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.g -LSB- ' -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next month",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711275da58dae1900cd6cbd_s",
              "question": "When was the summer consumer electronics show held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1983",
                  "answer_start": 326
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2651_s",
          "context": "A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom , although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site . Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history . Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans , Hertfordshire , holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England . Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the `` oldest inn in England '' . It has a claimed date of 1189 , based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse . Likewise , The Nags Head in Burntwood , as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book .",
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            {
              "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb2_s",
              "question": "When did you claim that your previous trip to Jerusalem was established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1189",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?"
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        {
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          "context": "Tuition at KU is 13 percent below the national average , according to the College Board . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who provides statistics on education costs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the College Board",
                  "answer_start": 70
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provides statistics on educational costs?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6921_s",
          "context": "Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:",
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              "question": "Where did Martin Luther preach the Virgin Mary a month before he died?",
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                  "text": "Wittenberg",
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              "original_question": "Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?"
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          "context": "In the spring of 1800 . -LSB- note 5 -RSB- After a difficult crossing over the Alps , the French army entered the plains of Northern Italy virtually unopposed . While one French army approached from the north , the Austrians were busy with another stationed in Genoa , which was besieged by a substantial force . The fierce resistance of this French army , under André Masséna , gave the northern striking force precious time to carry out their operations with little interference . After spending several days looking for each other , the two armies finally collided at the Battle of Marengo on June 14 . The battle began favorably for the Austrians as their initial attack surprised the French and gradually drove them back . , leaving his subordinates in charge of pursuing the French . However , the French lines never broke during their tactical retreat . Late in the afternoon . A series of artillery barrages and fortunate cavalry charges managed to decimate the Austrian army , which fled chaotically over the Bormida River back to Alessandria , leaving behind 14,000 casualties . The following day , the Austrian army agreed to abandon Northern Italy once more with the Convention of Alessandria , which granted them safe passage to friendly soil in exchange for their fortresses throughout the region .",
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              "question": "Who led the French army to defend Genoa against Austrian occupation?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "André Masséna",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
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              "original_question": "Who led the French army defending Genoa against the Austrian siege?"
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          "context": "Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power . The company , based in Richmond , is one of the nation 's largest producers of energy , serving retail energy customers in nine states . , as well as a coal-fired station in Chester , Virginia . These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power . Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand . These include facilities in Chester , and Surry , and two plants in Richmond -LRB- Gravel Neck and Darbytown -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who is the electricity supplier in Richmond?",
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                  "text": "Dominion Virginia Power",
                  "answer_start": 54
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?"
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          "context": ", Beyoncé married Jay Z . She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce . I Am . The album formally introduces Beyoncé 's alter ego Sasha Fierce , debuting atop the Billboard 200 , and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the US . The album featured the number-one song `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' and the top-five songs `` If I Were a Boy '' and `` Halo '' . Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career . It also included the successful `` Sweet Dreams '' , and singles `` Diva '' , `` Ego '' , `` Broken-Hearted Girl '' and `` Video Phone '' . The music video for `` Single Ladies '' has been parodied and imitated around the world , spawning the `` first major dance craze '' of the Internet age according to the Toronto Star . The video has won several awards , including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards , the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards , and the 2009 BET Awards . At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards , the video was nominated for nine awards . Its failure to win the Best Female Video category , which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift 's `` You Belong with Me '' , led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift 's award during her own acceptance speech . In March 2009 , Beyoncé embarked on the I Am ... World Tour , her second headlining worldwide concert tour , consisting of 108 shows , grossing $ 119.5 million .",
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              "question": "When will Beyonce start her second world tour?",
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                  "text": "March 2009",
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              "original_question": "When did Beyonce begin her second world tour?"
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          "context": "Buddhism / ˈbudɪzəm / is a nontheistic religion -LSB- note 1 -RSB- or philosophy -LRB- Sanskrit : धर्म dharma : धम्म dhamma -RRB- that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha , commonly known as the Buddha -LRB- `` the awakened one '' -RRB- . According to Buddhist tradition , the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent , present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving . Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths .",
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              "question": "Where did the Buddha live when he was alive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "present-day Nepal",
                  "answer_start": 440
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Buddha reside when he was alive?"
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        {
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          "context": "New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums . -- 48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949 . Later it was to form a permanent National Museum . On 15 August 1949 , both of Indian and foreign origin .",
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              "question": "When did the National Museum officially open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 August 1949",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was the National Museum formally inaugurated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8564_s",
          "context": "Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams -LRB- 8 men 's and 11 women 's -RRB- in addition to numerous club sports . , went undefeated in 2005 and 2009 , and holds several scoring records . The men 's basketball team is recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as the 1931 National Champion . In the 2010 -- 11 school year , 12 teams in postseason play , 20 All-Americans , two CoSIDA Academic All-American selections , 8 CoSIDA Academic All0District selections , 1 conference Coach of the Year and Player of the Year , 53 All-Conference and a record 201 Academic All-Big Ten athletes . Overall .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57280ae14b864d19001642d5_s",
              "question": "Who admitted that the basketball team was the national champion in 1931?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Helms Athletic Foundation",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recognized the men's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10832_s",
          "context": "During Vatican II . , whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII . , which regulates the Church 's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions . -LSB- d -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b7a95951b619008f7baf_s",
              "question": "Who insists on inviting Protestants and Orthodox Christians to all Council meetings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope John XXIII",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who insisted that Protestant and Orthodox Christians be invited to all Counsel meetings?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10738_s",
          "context": "Disagreements over the island's relationship with Australia were put in sharper relief by a 2006 review undertaken by the Australian government. Under the more radical of two models proposed in the review, the island's legislative assembly would have been reduced to the status of a local council. However, in December 2006, citing the \"significant disruption\" that changes to the governance would impose on the island's economy, the Australian government ended the review leaving the existing governance arrangements unaltered.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b6a0f1498d1400e8e87e_s",
              "question": "When will the Australian government complete its assessment of Norfolk Island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2006",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Australian government end their review on Norfolk Island?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1488_s",
          "context": "Thailand : The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame 's first visit to Thailand . The relay covered just over 10 km , and included Bangkok 's Chinatown . , Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks . M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse , Green World Foundation -LRB- GWF -RRB- chairwoman , withdrew from the torch-running ceremony , protesting against China 's actions in Tibet . , along with Olympic supporters . A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a `` small demonstration '' during the relay , and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests , facing Beijing supporters . Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay , to protest against China 's actions in Tibet . In Bangkok , students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56db3449e7c41114004b4f3b_s",
              "question": "When does the torch cross the bank?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 18",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch go through Bankok?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8217_s",
          "context": "Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jack straw"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265ec2708984140094c3d4_s",
              "question": "Who completed the order of Freemasons in 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Justice Secretary Jack Straw",
                  "answer_start": 588
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1676_s",
          "context": "The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed—such as biome, rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c6_s",
              "question": "When was the word genome born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1920",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the word genome first created?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-618_s",
          "context": ". The location at the mouth of the Hudson River , which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean , has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where does the Hudson River enter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Atlantic Ocean",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Hudson River flows into which body of water?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14749_s",
          "context": "However , the collapsing Ottoman economy could not sustain the fleet 's strength for too long . Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha , and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War . He locked most of the fleet inside the Golden Horn . Following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 , the Committee of Union and Progress sought to develop a strong Ottoman naval force .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1908",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a496c7a1753140016ae7b_s",
              "question": "When was the young Turkish revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Young Turk Revolution?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14480_s",
          "context": ", the assumption being that the glass has exhibited the liquid property of flowing from one shape to another . This assumption is incorrect , as once solidified , glass stops flowing . , when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers , the technique used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round , mostly flat and even plate -LRB- the crown glass process , described above -RRB- . This plate was then cut to fit a window . The pieces were not absolutely flat ; the edges of the disk became a different thickness as the glass spun . When installed in a window frame , the glass would be placed with the thicker side down both for the sake of stability and to prevent water accumulating in the lead cames at the bottom of the window . Occasionally such glass has been found installed with the thicker side at the top , left or right .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572979896aef051400154f82_s",
              "question": "When does the glass stop moving like a liquid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "once solidified",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does glass stop moving like a liquid?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16992_s",
          "context": "The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy , and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609 , and in 1610 -- 1611 . The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 . During the Revolutionary War period , several notable events occurred in the city , and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson . During the American Civil War . The city entered the 20th century with one of the world 's first successful electric streetcar systems , as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jackson ward",
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            "dominion",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573417c5d058e614000b692e_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the Virginia Religious Freedom Act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Jefferson",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9913_s",
          "context": "Britain 's remaining colonies in Africa , except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia , were all granted independence by 1968 . British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process . In Rhodesia , as the new nation of Zimbabwe .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268ecbdd62a815002e8987_s",
              "question": "When did the British second colony become independent in Africa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the second-to-last British colony in Africa granted independence?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7113_s",
          "context": ", having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $ 1,000 in 2009 . The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012 , seven percent for Hewlett Packard . While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady , Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis , with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs . It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple , updated on a yearly schedule , and authorized resellers where they have a special `` store within a store '' section to distinguish them from Windows PCs . In contrast , Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings , selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web , and often with limited-time or region-specific models . The Macintosh ranked third on the `` list of intended brands for desktop purchases '' for the 2011 holiday season , then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d143eb3d812140066d3eb_s",
              "question": "Who pushed Macintosh from second place to second place in 2012 holiday season \"table purchase intention brand list\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hewlett Packard",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2012 holiday season \"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15353_s",
          "context": "Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos \"Water Boiler\", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided. He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8200c246551400ce4274_s",
              "question": "Where did Feynman get the water boiler?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Los Alamos",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Feynman work on the \"Wateer Boiler\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8135_s",
          "context": "Canada has the world 's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes . In 1719 , who was the first recorded European to see it . However , it was n't until 1787 that fur trader and explorer Alexander MacKenzie saw the Athabasca oil sands and said . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "bay company",
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            "henry kelsey of the hudson",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b4aa79499d21900609c53_s",
              "question": "Who was the first European to see the assabasian oil sands?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander MacKenzie",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first European to see the Athabascan oil sands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5417_s",
          "context": "Some succeeded their fathers as rulers , such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur , who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608 . He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave . Such tolerance for black persons , even when technically `` free '' , was not so common in Morocco . The long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd -LRB- Arabic : عبد , -RRB- -LRB- meaning `` slave '' -RRB- ; it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706511d52bb8914006899e0_s",
              "question": "Who is the ruler of Morocco?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the ruler in Morocco?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15118_s",
          "context": "Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b415834ae481900dead50_s",
              "question": "When did logical imperialism come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 20th-century",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was logical empricism formulated?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14696_s",
          "context": ". He led the district from 1932 . He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province . These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants . In 1932 the local paramilitary SA had already started to terrorise their political opponents . On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg , the Otto-Braun-House . The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed . Members of the Reichsbanner were attacked and the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen , was murdered on 6 August 1932 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "social democrat",
            "gustav sauf",
            "otto wyrgatsch",
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            "kurt kotzan",
            "people's party"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a38ef3f37b319004787e0_s",
              "question": "Who was killed in the attack on the social democratic party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gustav Sauf",
                  "answer_start": 450
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8924_s",
          "context": "`` Baseball 's Sad Lexicon , '' also known as `` Tinker to Evers to Chance '' after its refrain , is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams . The poem is presented as a single , and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play . , and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268b24708984140094c998_s",
              "question": "Who wrote baseball sad dictionary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franklin Pierce Adams",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\"?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-331_s",
          "context": "Dawa Norbu argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet and perpetuated their rule of Tibet in this manner . Norbu writes that , it was untrue if applied to the western Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang and Ngari . , these were ruled by `` three successive nationalistic regimes , '' which Norbu writes `` Communist historians prefer to ignore . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cd669562d2951400fa6572_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the Ming Dynasty restored the Yuan Dynasty in Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dawa Norbu",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16152_s",
          "context": "As a result , Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc . Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi , the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology . , the task force produced the Red Book CD-DA standard . , the standard was formally adopted by the IEC as an international standard in 1987 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed1a3dfa6aa1500f8d403_s",
              "question": "When did the International Electrotechnical Commission receive the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2884_s",
          "context": "On March 3 , 1944 , on the orders of Stalin , the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0a2a3231d4119001ac2f4_s",
              "question": "Who ordered the eviction of residents of the Chechen Ingushetia association?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10375_s",
          "context": "Some of the best-known traditions , including carnal parades and masquerade balls , were first recorded in medieval Italy . The carnival of Venice was , for a long time . From Italy , Portugal and France and from France to New France in North America . From Spain and Portugal it spread with colonization to the Caribbean and Latin America . In the early 19th century in the German Rhineland and Southern Netherlands , the weakened medieval tradition also revive . Continuously in the 18th and 19th centuries CE , as part of the annual Saturnalia abuse of the carnival in Rome , rabbis of the ghetto were forced to march through the city streets wearing foolish guise , jeered upon and pelted by a variety of missiles from the crowd . A petition of the Jewish community of Rome sent in 1836 to Pope Gregory XVI to stop the annual anti-semitic Saturnalia abuse got a negation : `` It is not opportune to make any innovation . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572767ee5951b619008f897f_s",
              "question": "Who rejected the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Gregory XVI",
                  "answer_start": 794
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who dismissed the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse of them?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11339_s",
          "context": "Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries . Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality . One such 7 ft -LRB- 2.1 m -RRB- sculpture , is installed at the airport 's baggage claim area . In 2010 , his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835 . Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island . Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists ; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton , homes , and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chesley trott",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572943d53f37b319004781d6_s",
              "question": "Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolor lists?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alfred Birdsey",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6577_s",
          "context": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution , the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States , without consulting the Shawnee , Cherokee , Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there . Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British , the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties , and began dividing these lands for settlement . This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly ; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians . President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b4156ec8fbc190045b91c_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of Wabash fought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1791",
                  "answer_start": 572
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Wabash fought?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2409_s",
          "context": "Built in 1815 , Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth 's historical culture . It became known as the servicemen 's playground . During the 1930s , there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace Theatre . , but has a reputation for trouble at closing hours .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df736f5ca0a614008f9a90_s",
              "question": "Who performed in the new Palace Theatre in the 1930s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charlie Chaplin",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
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              "original_question": "Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12762_s",
          "context": "Green can communicate safety to proceed , as in traffic lights . The first traffic light , using green and red gas lamps , was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London . , injuring the policeman who operated it . , the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City , Utah . Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility , and its association with danger , while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red . In many video games , green signifies both health and completed objectives , opposite red .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a1ee7af94a219006aa808_s",
              "question": "When was the first light on?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1868",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first traffic light erected?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11405_s",
          "context": "NigComSat-1 , a Nigerian satellite built in 2004 . It was launched on 13 May 2007 , aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket , from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China . The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency , NASRDA . On 11 November 2008 , NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array . It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus , and carries a variety of transponders : 4 C-band ; 14 Ku-band ; 8 Ka-band ; and 2 L-band .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "china"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e9d2dd62a815002e94fa_s",
              "question": "Where was Nigeria's third satellite launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "China",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where was Nigeria's third satellite launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4599_s",
          "context": "A mummified man , determined to be 5,000 years old , was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian -- Italian border in 1991 . By the 6th century BC . Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants , and the Romans had settlements in the region . The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists , writers , and artists , in particular the Romantics , followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks . In World War II .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e9_s",
              "question": "Who took a group of elephants through the Alps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hannibal",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18181_s",
          "context": "The Augustan settlement built upon a cultural shift in Roman society. In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues. Politicians of the later Republic were less equivocal; both Sulla and Pompey claimed special relationships with Venus. Julius Caesar went further, and claimed her as his ancestress. Such claims suggested personal character and policy as divinely inspired; an appointment to priesthood offered divine validation. In 63 BC, Julius Caesar's appointment as pontifex maximus \"signaled his emergence as a major player in Roman politics\". Likewise, political candidates could sponsor temples, priesthoods and the immensely popular, spectacular public ludi and munera whose provision became increasingly indispensable to the factional politics of the Late Republic. Under the principate, such opportunities were limited by law; priestly and political power were consolidated in the person of the princeps (\"first citizen\").",
          "c_entity": [
            "63 bc"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57320a29e99e3014001e6459_s",
              "question": "When did Cesar pontifex become maximus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "63 BC",
                  "answer_start": 517
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14011_s",
          "context": "Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine -LRB- who , almost always tunes the top E down to D , to achieve an open tuning of GDAD -RRB- . , respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners , are also accomplished Irish mandolin players . The instruments used are either flat-backed , or carved-top . , and he most famously used it in the song `` Going To My Hometown . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "claudine langille",
            "paul kelly",
            "john sheahan",
            "paul brady",
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            "roger bucknall",
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            "stefan sobell",
            "rory gallagher",
            "johnny moynihan",
            "barney mckenna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b1163acd2414000dfcd1_s",
              "question": "Who is the famous Irish mandolin player?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andy Irvine",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who are some of the famous Irish Mandolinists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7144_s",
          "context": ", although equipment was retained . Furthermore , in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain . Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft . However , the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d97_s",
              "question": "When was the mission established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1925",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Observer Corps formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7747_s",
          "context": "Several states have never had capital punishment , the first being Michigan , which abolished it shortly after entering the Union . -LRB- However , the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan , Michigan in 1938 . -RRB- Article 4 . Attempts to change the provision have failed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1938",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571007ebb654c5140001f757_s",
              "question": "When was Tony chebartolis killed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Tony Chebatoris killed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13383_s",
          "context": "On 10 May 1963 , Pope Leo XIII to Pius XII . On 11 May , the Italian President Antonio Segni officially awarded Pope John XXIII with the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace . While in the car en route to the official ceremony , he suffered great stomach pains but insisted on meeting with Segni to receive the award in the Quirinal Palace . It was the pope 's last public appearance .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572806282ca10214002d9bdb_s",
              "question": "Where did he get the Balzan award?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Quirinal Palace",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did he receive the Balzan Prize?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12214_s",
          "context": "On December 12 . The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . The legality of this action was questionable , since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies . However , no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected . Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect , since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December . In effect , the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union . , Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283f713acd2414000df7b5_s",
              "question": "When was the belaviza agreement ratified?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 12",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Belavezha Accords ratified?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13163_s",
          "context": "In Sand Springs , an outdoor amphitheater called `` Discoveryland ! '' ! Ridge Bond ! , playing the role of `` Curly McClain '' in more than 2,600 performances . cast on a CBS Omnibus television broadcast . Historically , the state has produced musical styles such as The Tulsa Sound and western swing . The building , known as the `` Carnegie Hall of Western Swing '' , served as the performance headquarters of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys during the 1930s . , the best-known proponent of which is the late Bob Childers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "broadway",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d77c4b864d1900163e3e_s",
              "question": "Where is the place to explore?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sand Springs",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is 'Discoveryland!'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17604_s",
          "context": "The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San , Damara , Nama and , by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa . Their encounters with the nomadic Nama tribes were largely peaceful . The missionaries accompanying the Orlams were well received by them , the right to use waterholes and grazing was granted against an annual payment . On their way further northwards , however , the Orlams encountered clans of the Herero tribe at Windhoek , Gobabis , and Okahandja which were less accommodating . The Nama-Herero War broke out in 1880 , with hostilities ebbing only when Imperial Germany deployed troops to the contested places and cemented the status quo between Nama , Orlams , and Herero .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late 18th century",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730be1f8ab72b1400f9c753_s",
              "question": "When did the Nama Herrero war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1880",
                  "answer_start": 580
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Nama-Herero war begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-688_s",
          "context": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League , Major League Baseball , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , and Major League Soccer . The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues . Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues , and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882 . The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues . Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide -LRB- MetLife Stadium , the new Yankee Stadium , Madison Square Garden , and Citi Field -RRB- are located in the New York metropolitan area . Madison Square Garden , its predecessor , as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field , are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world , the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d10dd217492d1400aab838_s",
              "question": "When was the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1882",
                  "answer_start": 480
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-312_s",
          "context": "However , the early Ming government enacted a law , later rescinded , which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism . There is little detailed evidence of Chinese -- especially lay Chinese -- studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era -LRB- 1912 -- 1949 -RRB- . Despite these missions on behalf of the Hongwu Emperor -- 1424 -RRB- `` was the first Ming ruler actively to seek an extension of relations with Tibet . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "Who has created a law that does not allow Han people to learn Tibetan Buddhism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ming government",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1785_s",
          "context": "The United Kingdom 's constitution , being uncodified and largely unwritten , makes no mention of a prime minister . Though it had de facto existed for centuries , its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century . Accordingly , it is often said `` not to exist '' , indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case . The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office , or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer -LRB- the last of whom was Balfour in 1905 -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who is the last prime minister to serve as finance minister at the same time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Balfour",
                  "answer_start": 563
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?"
            }
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          "context": "Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director : My Voice -RRB- . -LRB- The first feature film was N'tturudu . -RRB- At FESPACO 1989 . In 1992 , which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival . Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals .",
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            {
              "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11f8_s",
              "question": "Who is the internationally renowned director of Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Flora Gomes",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is an internationally renowned film director from Guinea-Bissau?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5215_s",
          "context": "During the High Middle Ages . Manorialism , the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles , and feudalism , the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors , were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages . The Crusades , first preached in 1095 , were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims . Kings became the heads of centralised nation states , reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant . Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism , a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason , and by the founding of universities . The theology of Thomas Aquinas , the paintings of Giotto , the poetry of Dante and Chaucer , the travels of Marco Polo , and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period , and into the Late Middle Ages .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the Crusade begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1095",
                  "answer_start": 417
                }
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              "original_question": "In what year did the Crusades begin?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7365_s",
          "context": ". Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a French war of revenge . In return for an armistice for the French to elect a National Assembly . , one of the perimeter forts had to be handed over . , preferably by a peace with a friendly government , on terms acceptable to French public opinion . An impregnable military frontier was an inferior alternative to him , favoured only by the militant nationalists on the German side .",
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              "question": "Where is the meeting point of Bismarck and Favre?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Château de Ferrières",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
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              "original_question": "What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6331_s",
          "context": ". Following his appointment , recording only two losses and amassing 100 points . Their top scorer once again was Lionel Messi , who scored 46 goals in the League , including two hat-tricks . , still with four games left to play . , despite losing 2 -- 1 to them at the beginning of March . They reached the semifinal stage of both the Copa del Rey and the Champions League . On 19 July , and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012 .",
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              "question": "Who is Barcelona's top scorer?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lionel Messi",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was Barcelona's top scorer?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14999_s",
          "context": "Eight days later , on February 28 , 1969 , came the events for which Kerry was awarded his Silver Star Medal . On this occasion , Kerry was in tactical command of his Swift boat and two other Swift boats during a combat operation . Their mission on the Duong Keo River included bringing an underwater demolition team and dozens of South Vietnamese Marines to destroy enemy sampans , structures and bunkers as described in the story The Death Of PCF 43 . Running into heavy small arms fire from the river banks , Kerry `` directed the units to turn to the beach and charge the Viet Cong positions '' and he `` expertly directed '' his boat 's fire causing the enemy to flee while at the same time coordinating the insertion of the ninety South Vietnamese troops -LRB- according to the original medal citation signed by Admiral Zumwalt -RRB- . Moving a short distance upstream , Kerry 's boat was the target of a B-40 rocket round ; Kerry charged the enemy positions and as his boat hove to and beached . While the boat 's gunner opened fire , wounding the VC in the leg , and while the other boats approached and offered cover fire , Kerry jumped from the boat to pursue the VC insurgent , subsequently killing him and capturing his loaded rocket launcher .",
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              "question": "Who gave Kerry the silver star?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Admiral Zumwalt",
                  "answer_start": 818
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Who awarded the Silver Star to Kerry?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10837_s",
          "context": ", having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954 . He implemented his reforms in stages , rather than in one fell swoop . On 1 March 1968 , he issued a regulation . On 28 March , with Pontificalis Domus , and in several additional Apostolic Constitutions in the following years , he revamped the entire Curia , which included reduction of bureaucracy , streamlining of existing congregations and a broader representation of non-Italians in the curial positions .",
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              "question": "Who and Paul VI passed a law in 1968?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pontificalis Domus",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Paul VI issue a regulation in 1968?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9639_s",
          "context": "On the assumption that intellectual property rights are actual rights Stallman argues that this claim does not live to the historical intentions behind these laws, which in the case of copyright served as a censorship system, and later on, a regulatory model for the printing press that may have benefited authors incidentally, but never interfered with the freedom of average readers. Still referring to copyright, he cites legal literature such as the United States Constitution and case law to demonstrate that it is meant to be an optional and experimental bargain that temporarily trades property rights and free speech for public, not private, benefit in the form of increased artistic production and knowledge. He mentions that \"if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time\".",
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              "question": "Who pointed out that \"if copyright is a natural right, there is no reason to terminate it after a period of time\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stallman",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who pointed out that \"if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time\"?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18205_s",
          "context": "According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party \"was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible\".",
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            {
              "id": "57319748e17f3d140042224f_s",
              "question": "When did the creator think of YouTube?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the early months of 2005",
                  "answer_start": 118
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              "original_question": "When did the creators have the idea for youtube?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18360_s",
          "context": "The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m (229.66 ft) diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731de9c0fdd8d15006c65c1_s",
              "question": "Who designed the Cathedral of brascompost?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oscar Niemeyer",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Cathedral of Brasília?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12732_s",
          "context": "The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228 . The Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas was granted by Alfonso IX of León to the town of Burgo , in Castro Caldelas , after the model of the constitutions of the town of Allariz . A distinct Galician Literature emerged during the Middle Ages , the most notable those by the troubadour Martín Codax , the priest Airas Nunes , King Denis of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile , Alfonso O Sabio -LRB- `` Alfonso the Wise '' -RRB- , the same monarch who began the process of establishing the hegemony of Castilian . During this period , Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian Romance linguistic culture . The names and memories of Codax and other popular cultural figures are well preserved in modern Galicia and , despite the long period of Castilian linguistic domination , these names are again household words .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e8484b864d1900163fc8_s",
              "question": "When did the earliest Portuguese literature of Galicia come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1228",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The earliest Galician-Portuguese documents date back to which year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8882_s",
          "context": ", managed by Leo Durocher , built a substantial lead in the newly created National League Eastern Division by mid-August . After the game of September 2 . After losing the first two games by scores of 9-2 and 13-4 . , onto Sheffield Avenue to tie the score in the top of the ninth . Burdened by a four-game losing streak . Disaster followed in Philadelphia , to extend Chicago 's losing streak to eight games . In a key play in the second game , on September 11 , who was nowhere near the bag or the ball . After that second Philly loss . , wilting from team fatigue , generally deteriorated in all phases of the game . , would go on to win the World Series . , despite a respectable 92-70 record .",
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            "willie stargell",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572665a8708984140094c4b3_s",
              "question": "Who was in charge of the cubs in 1969?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leo Durocher",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who managed the Cubs in 1969?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15445_s",
          "context": ". '' Throughout Libya , crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared ; described as `` spontaneous demonstrations '' by the government , there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend . He was typically late to public events , and would sometimes not show up at all . Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his `` lengthy , wandering '' speeches , which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.",
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            {
              "id": "573190e9a5e9cc1400cdc0b3_s",
              "question": "Who noticed Gaddafi's long speech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Kawczynski",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5219_s",
          "context": "The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476 , first used by Bruni . -LSB- A -RSB- For Europe as a whole , 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages , but there is no universally agreed upon end date . Depending on the context , the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453 , or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used . English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period . For Spain , or the conquest of Granada in 1492 . Historians from Romance-speaking countries tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts : an earlier `` High '' and later `` Low '' period . English-speaking historians , following their German counterparts , generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals : `` Early '' , `` High '' , and `` Late '' . In the 19th century , the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the `` Dark Ages '' , -LSB- B -RSB- but with the adoption of these subdivisions , use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages , at least among historians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ferdinand ii",
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            "bruni"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb2f268f12f319006302f2_s",
              "question": "Who was the first writer to describe the middle ages since 476?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bruni",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16958_s",
          "context": "After the Allied setbacks in 1943 , the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts . In the first months of 1944 , began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma , while the XV Corps began an advance along the coast in the Arakan Province . In February 1944 the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in the Arakan . After early Japanese success , this counter-attack was defeated when the Indian divisions of XV Corps stood firm , relying on aircraft to drop supplies to isolated forward units until reserve divisions could relieve them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joseph stilwell",
            "xv corps",
            "ncac",
            "northern combat area command"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573223b8b9d445190005e836_s",
              "question": "Who prefers the Arakan coast?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "XV Corps",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who advanced aling the Arakan Province coast?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16708_s",
          "context": "Prior to 1992 . , Armenia was very successful . The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan -LRB- sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan -RRB- , who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki . To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics , Shahinyan was quoted as saying :",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fde9204bcaa1900d76e07_s",
              "question": "Where was the 1952 Summer Olympics held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Helsinki",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the 1952 Summer Olympics held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9699_s",
          "context": "In 1978 , Queen toured the US and Canada , and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan . They released their first live album , Live Killers , in 1979 ; it went platinum twice in the US . Queen also released the very successful single `` Crazy Little Thing Called Love '' . The song made the top 10 in many countries , topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks , and was the band 's first number one single in the United States where it topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks . Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record , Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live , which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert . In December 1979 , having accepted a request by the event 's organiser Paul McCartney .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elvis presley",
            "people of kampuchea",
            "paul mccartney"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268eb1dd62a815002e8976_s",
              "question": "Who organized the concert for the Cambodian people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul McCartney",
                  "answer_start": 771
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who organized the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5357_s",
          "context": "Early computing machines had fixed programs . Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine . With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed . A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions -LRB- a program -RRB- that details the computation . The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper . In 1945 Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory and began work on developing an electronic stored-program digital computer . His 1945 report ` Proposed Electronic Calculator ' was the first specification for such a device .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john von neumann",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the basis of the stored program computer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Turing",
                  "answer_start": 420
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-359_s",
          "context": "With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing , but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jiajing",
            "ming",
            "evelyn s. rawski",
            "zhengde",
            "department of history of the university of pittsburgh",
            "mongols",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce362faab44d1400b885c6_s",
              "question": "Who is Zhengde's successor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jiajing",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Zhengde's successor? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-321_s",
          "context": ", granting titles and setting up administrative organs over Tibet . , the Ming adopted a policy of bestowing titles upon religious leaders who had submitted to the Ming dynasty . For example , stating :",
          "c_entity": [
            "ngari military and civil wanhu office",
            "state council information office of the people's republic",
            "ming",
            "mongol yuan",
            "ministry of foreign affairs",
            "imperial tutors",
            "choskunskyabs",
            "ü-tsang commanding office",
            "republic of china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ccf96562d2951400fa6506_s",
              "question": "Who abolished the political committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Ming",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who abolished the policy council?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5832_s",
          "context": "In consequence to the Reform War , the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain , England , and France . On July 17 , 1861 , President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years . Spain , England , and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico , 1861 in which they agreed to take possession of several custom stations within Mexico as payment . , but the French delegation refused .",
          "c_entity": [
            "triple alliance",
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            "pacto de soledad",
            "manuel doblado",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070b9290286e26004fc846_s",
              "question": "Who was the president of Mexico at that time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Juárez",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the President of Mexico at the time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4547_s",
          "context": "In 1422 King Władysław II Jagiełło by the Privilege of Czerwińsk (Polish: \"przywilej czerwiński\") established the inviolability of nobles' property (their estates could not be confiscated except upon a court verdict) and ceded some jurisdiction over fiscal policy to the Royal Council (later, the Senat of Poland), including the right to mint coinage.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81fbba6d7ea1400e173e2_s",
              "question": "When did the inviolable rights of nobles be established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1422",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the established right for inviolability of nobles property?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8029_s",
          "context": "By the 1980s , parents of mixed-race children -LRB- and adults of mixed-race ancestry -RRB- began to organize and lobby for the ability to show more than one ethnic category on Census and other legal forms . They refused to be put into just one category . , the response from the general public was mostly negative . Some African-American organizations and political leaders , such as Senator Diane Watson and Representative Augustus Hawkins , were particularly vocal in their rejection of the category . They feared a loss in political and economic power if African Americans abandoned their one category .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571e032d5569731900639100_s",
              "question": "When do people decide to choose multiple categories in legal form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did people lobby for allowing more than one category to be selected on legal forms?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9628_s",
          "context": ", in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that `` only in this way can we protect intellectual property , the labors of the mind , productions and interests are as much a man 's own ... as the wheat he cultivates , or the flocks he rears . '' The statement that `` discoveries are ... property '' goes back earlier . , `` All new discoveries are the property of the author ; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery , there shall be delivered to him a patent for five . '' In Europe , French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs , artistes et inventeurs , published in 1846 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264ed5dd62a815002e8126_s",
              "question": "When did French writer A. nion talk about intellectual property?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1846",
                  "answer_start": 654
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16225_s",
          "context": "In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan. Also toward the end of the second industrial revolution, Nikola Tesla made many contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f20af04bcaa1900d76767_s",
              "question": "Where is Edison's grid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "lower Manhattan",
                  "answer_start": 368
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Thomas Edison's electrical supply network located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9996_s",
          "context": "Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit \"was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d340dd62a815002e9175_s",
              "question": "When was light published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was \"Ray of Light\" released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15381_s",
          "context": "Gaddafi 's earliest education was of a religious nature , imparted by a local Islamic teacher . Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school , he progressed through six grades in four years . Education in Libya was not free , but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain . During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque , and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents . Bullied for being a Bedouin , he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children . From Sirte , he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan , south-central Libya , something neither parent had done . Gaddafi was popular at school ; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration , most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316cb605b4da19006bd133_s",
              "question": "Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in high school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abdul Salam Jalloud",
                  "answer_start": 815
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8474_s",
          "context": "The Allies offered peace terms in the Frankfurt proposals in November 1813. Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France, but it would be reduced to its \"natural frontiers.\" That meant that France could retain control of Belgium, Savoy and the Rhineland (the west bank of the Rhine River), while giving up control of all the rest, including all of Spain and the Netherlands, and most of Italy and Germany. Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer; after further victories, the terms would be harsher and harsher. Metternich's motivation was to maintain France as a balance against Russian threats, while ending the highly destabilizing series of wars.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bb775951b619008f7c46_s",
              "question": "When was the Frankfurt proposal submitted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1813",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Frankfurt proposals made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11476_s",
          "context": "Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras. A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. The von Neumann bicommutant theorem shows that the analytic definition is equivalent to a purely algebraic definition as an algebra of symmetries. The direct integral was introduced in 1949 by John von Neumann. One of von Neumann's analyses was to reduce the classification of von Neumann algebras on separable Hilbert spaces to the classification of factors.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728241e3acd2414000df589_s",
              "question": "When was Neumann's direct integral introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 433
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was direct integral introduced by von Neumann?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-23_s",
          "context": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934 . During his tenure at Notre Dame , he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus , instituted in 1883 . O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to `` acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate '' Notre Dame . He wrote , `` Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother . : ` Whether you eat or drink , or whatsoever else you do , do all for the glory of God , ' he included football . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "john francis o'hara",
            "frank h. spearman",
            "josephine brownson",
            "irvin abell",
            "st. paul",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338a51d058e614000b5cf1_s",
              "question": "Who was the dean of Notre Dame in 1934?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Father John Francis O'Hara",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1934?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13922_s",
          "context": "Starting in 1982 , dividends from the fund 's annual growth have been paid out each year to eligible Alaskans . Every year , the state legislature takes out 8 % from the earnings , puts 3 % back into the principal for inflation proofing , and the remaining 5 % is distributed to all qualifying Alaskans . To qualify for the Permanent Fund Dividend , maintain constant residency subject to allowable absences , and not be subject to court judgments or criminal convictions which fall under various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d59e3acd2414000dffbf_s",
              "question": "When did the payment of the Permanent Fund begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did disembursements from the Permanent Fund begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7330_s",
          "context": "The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king , Wilhelm I , uniting Germany as a nation-state . The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine , which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine -LRB- Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen -RRB- . The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power . French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war , along with British apprehension about the balance of power , became factors in the causes of World War I.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d2a29b3d812140066d4c8_s",
              "question": "When is the signing date of the Frankfurt treaty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 May 1871",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the date of the Treaty of Frankfurt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1783_s",
          "context": "Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by \"convention\". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a \"Prime Minister of Canada\" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1982"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd310066d3e219004dac3d_s",
              "question": "When was the Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Constitution Act passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3973_s",
          "context": "The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha ; rough seas prevented a landing . He named the main island after himself , Ilha de Tristão da Cunha , which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island . , when the Lás Rafael captained by Ruy Vaz Pereira called at Tristan for water . , captained by Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7828337bdd419002c4061_s",
              "question": "When were the islands first seen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1506",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "in what year were the islands first sighted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-72_s",
          "context": "At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year for I Am , Record of the Year for `` Halo '' , and Song of the Year for `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' , among others . She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist . In 2010 . The song topped the US Pop Songs chart . `` Telephone '' received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nielsen top",
            "mariah carey",
            "lauryn hill",
            "lady gaga",
            "beyoncé",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4c1452ccc5a1400d831de_s",
              "question": "Who has worked with beyonc233 to win most Grammy artist nominations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lauryn Hill",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Beyoncé tie with for the most Grammy nominations for female artists?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12710_s",
          "context": "General Francisco Franco -- himself a Galician from Ferrol -- ruled as dictator from the civil war until his death in 1975 . Franco 's centralizing regime suppressed any official use of the Galician language , including the use of Galician names for newborns , although its everyday oral use was not forbidden . Among the attempts at resistance were small leftist guerrilla groups such as those led by José Castro Veiga -LRB- `` El Piloto '' -RRB- and Benigno Andrade -LRB- `` Foucellas '' -RRB- , both of whom were ultimately captured and executed . , ministers such as Manuel Fraga Iribarne introduced some reforms allowing technocrats affiliated with Opus Dei to modernize administration in a way that facilitated capitalist economic development . However , causing environmental havoc and leading to a wave of migration to Venezuela and to various parts of Europe . Fenosa , the monopolistic supplier of electricity , built hydroelectric dams , flooding many Galician river valleys .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
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              "id": "5727c5182ca10214002d95e7_s",
              "question": "When will his rule end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did his reign end?"
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4493_s",
          "context": "On 28 April 2015 , the Iranian navy seized the Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris near the Strait of Hormuz . The ship had been chartered by Germany 's Rickmers Ship Management , which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons . Tensions escallated in the region due to the intensifying of Saudi-led coalition attacks in Yemen . US defense officials have said that they would review U.S. defense obligations to the Government of the Marshall Islands in the wake of recent events and also condemned the shots fired at the bridge as `` inappropriate '' . It was reported in May 2015 that Tehran would release the ship after it paid a penalty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rickmers ship management",
            "pentagon",
            "revolutionary guard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f964d89e9bad19000a08c7_s",
              "question": "Who rented the captured Marshall Island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rickmers Ship Management",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who chartered the captured Marshall Islands ship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11642_s",
          "context": "Midway through the 19th century , the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed . The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period , as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes . Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages , over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them . After the discovery of radioactivity , radiometric dating methods were developed , starting in the 20th century . , but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics , which provided a plausible mechanism for it . Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation for a wide range of seemingly unrelated geological phenomena . Since 1970 it has served as the unifying principle in geology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alfred wegener",
            "louis agassiz",
            "andrew crombie ramsay"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282a294b864d190016462f_s",
              "question": "Who proposed the concept of an ice age that completely covered a continent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Agassiz",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16042_s",
          "context": ", usually to the English-speaking world because of the island 's colonization by the British Empire . , while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration , war losses , and a temporary decline in fertility . After the ethnic cleansing of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974 , there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving , especially for the Middle East , which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cyprus",
            "middle east"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730704c396df919000960fb_s",
              "question": "Where did most Greek Cypriots decide to go in the early 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Middle East",
                  "answer_start": 411
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During the early seventies where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16307_s",
          "context": "Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States . An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territories surrounding it as the 51st state in the Union . The American State of Canaan , is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia , political science and sociologist , proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 2009",
            "2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573075b12461fd1900a9ce27_s",
              "question": "When was peace twin published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Two Stars for Peace published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16063_s",
          "context": "According to the traditional narrative . , the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it . These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthman to establish a standard version now known as Uthman 's codex , which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today . There are , however , variant readings , with mostly minor differences in meaning .",
          "c_entity": [
            "uthman",
            "muhammad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e9c8cc246551400ce43e7_s",
              "question": "Who first unified the earliest version of the Koran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caliph Uthman",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first standardized the earliest versions of the Quran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11616_s",
          "context": "Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge of this was lost during the Ming dynasty, so that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci gained much favour in 1601 by his predictions. By 635 Chinese astronomers had observed that the tails of comets always point away from the sun.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jesuit matteo ricci"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d383ff5b5019007d962e_s",
              "question": "Who predicted in 1601?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jesuit Matteo Ricci",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made predictions in 1601?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18369_s",
          "context": "The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil . The palace was designed , by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958 . One of the first structures built in the republic 's new capital city . The principles of simplicity and modernity , that in the past characterized the great works of architecture , motivated Niemeyer . The viewer has an impression of looking at a glass box , softly landed on the ground with the support of thin external columns . The building has an area of 7,000 m2 with three floors consisting of the basement , landing , and second floor . The auditorium , kitchen , laundry , medical center , and administration offices are at basement level . The rooms used by the presidency for official receptions are on the landing . The second floor has four suites , two apartments , and various private rooms which make up the residential part of the palace . The building also has a library , a heated Olympic-sized swimming pool , a music room , two dining rooms and various meeting rooms . A chapel and heliport are in adjacent buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alvorada",
            "brasília",
            "lake paranoá",
            "brazil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e2a6e99e3014001e63b4_s",
              "question": "Where does the president of Brazil live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palácio da Alvorada",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Brazil's president live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7912_s",
          "context": "Seattle was also the home base of impresario Alexander Pantages who, starting in 1902, opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies. His activities soon expanded, and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America's greatest theater and movie tycoons. Between Pantages and his rival John Considine, Seattle was for a while the western United States' vaudeville mecca. B. Marcus Priteca, the Scottish-born and Seattle-based architect, built several theaters for Pantages, including some in Seattle. The theaters he built for Pantages in Seattle have been either demolished or converted to other uses, but many other theaters survive in other cities of the U.S., often retaining the Pantages name; Seattle's surviving Paramount Theatre, on which he collaborated, was not a Pantages theater.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1902"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719d0c810f8ca1400304e7a_s",
              "question": "When did the underwear store open his cinema?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1902",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pantages open his movie houses?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11498_s",
          "context": ", one of those who sustained the hydrogen bomb project . He then collaborated with Klaus Fuchs on further development of the bomb , and in 1946 the two filed a secret patent on `` Improvement in Methods and Means for Utilizing Nuclear Energy '' , which outlined a scheme for using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate nuclear fusion . The Fuchs , but not in the same way as is used in what became the final hydrogen bomb design , the Teller -- Ulam design . Their work was , however , incorporated into the `` George '' shot of Operation Greenhouse , which was instructive in testing out concepts that went into the final design . The Fuchs , by Fuchs , to the Soviet Union as part of his nuclear espionage , but it was not used in the Soviets ' own , independent development of the Teller -- Ulam design . , produced a brilliant invention in 1946 that could have changed the whole course of the development of the hydrogen bomb , but was not fully understood until after the bomb had been successfully made . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "klaus fuchs",
            "john von neumann",
            "jeremy bernstein",
            "edward teller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283ff9ff5b5019007d9ffc_s",
              "question": "Who did von Neumann work with to further develop the hydrogen bomb?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Klaus Fuchs",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did von Neumann collaborate for further development of the hydrogen bomb?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16941_s",
          "context": "In early 1942 , the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council , based in Washington , D.C. . A council was established in London , with a subsidiary body in Washington . However , the smaller powers continued to push for an American-based body . The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington , on 1 April 1942 , his key advisor Harry Hopkins , and representatives from Britain , China , Australia , the Netherlands , New Zealand , and Canada . Representatives from India and the Philippines were later added . The council never had any direct operational control , which was also in Washington . Allied resistance , at first symbolic , gradually began to stiffen . Australian and Dutch forces led civilians in a prolonged guerilla campaign in Portuguese Timor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "harry hopkins",
            "franklin d. roosevelt",
            "u.s.-uk combined chiefs of staff"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731fe53e17f3d14004225bd_s",
              "question": "Who was President Roosevelt's chief adviser?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harry Hopkins",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was President Roosevelt's key advisor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9818_s",
          "context": "An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard dawkins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d9a0f1498d1400e8ed20_s",
              "question": "Who describes predators by describing their competitive genes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dawkins",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14403_s",
          "context": "-- 1573 -RRB- was Uesugi Kenshin -LRB- 1530 -- 1578 -RRB- . : `` Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors ... . Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory , and you will come home with no wounds whatever . Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive ; wish to survive in the battle and you will surely meet death . When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely ; when you have any thought of returning you will not return . You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change , but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking , for his fate is always determined . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "takeda shingen",
            "daisetz teitaro suzuki",
            "uesugi kenshin",
            "sengoku"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f4a76aef0514001548ba_s",
              "question": "Who is Takeda's opponent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Uesugi Kenshin",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Takeda's rival?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1517_s",
          "context": "The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the \"Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit\" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed \"Second Right Brother,\" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db7a68e7c41114004b5185_s",
              "question": "When did the 30 something swearing in?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2007",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were these 30 sworn in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1492_s",
          "context": "Australia : The event was held in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory on April 24 , and covered around 16 km of Canberra 's central areas . Upon its arrival in Canberra , the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea , of the Ngunnawal people . She , in turn , offered them a message stick , as a gift of peace and welcome . Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended . Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police . Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants , with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference .",
          "c_entity": [
            "canberra",
            "commonwealth park"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db37c5e7c41114004b4f63_s",
              "question": "Where is the relay race in Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Canberra",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the relay held in Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17522_s",
          "context": "The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician, Edward Ellice, the Member of Parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo. The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 1819"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03b_s",
              "question": "When did Arendt Schuler go to pester Tuvalu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1819",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-772_s",
          "context": ", Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her , granting interviews , visiting schools , and attending events honoring the book . , it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize , stunning Lee . Starting in 1964 , Lee began to turn down interviews , complaining that the questions were monotonous , and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought . Since the , she declined talking with reporters about the book . She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction : `` Introductions inhibit pleasure , they kill the joy of anticipation , they frustrate curiosity . The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come . Mockingbird still says what it has to say . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "41st week",
            "1964",
            "1962",
            "the same year",
            "the years",
            "1995",
            "1961"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3e4762ccc5a1400d82f22_s",
              "question": "When did Li stop interviewing the book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15257_s",
          "context": "In Germany , groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music , utilizing avant-garde noise , homemade instruments and found objects . Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party . , with acts like Cabine C , Titãs , Patife Band , Fellini and Mercenárias , as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series , respectively . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "brazil",
            "não wave/não são paulo",
            "germany",
            "brasilia",
            "uk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f7dba947a6a140053c9bf_s",
              "question": "Where is the new building?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Einstürzende Neubauten from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13636_s",
          "context": "From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children and adults aged 18–44 years in the United States; private insurance was the second most frequent payer. Among both children and adults in the lowest income communities in the United States there is a higher rates of hospital stays for asthma in 2010 than those in the highest income communities.",
          "c_entity": [
            "medicaid"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f6_s",
              "question": "Who gives the most money to children and adults?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Medicaid",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most frequent primary payer amount children and adults?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2532_s",
          "context": "Three weeks later , on May 5 , 1961 , Alan Shepard became the first American in space , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . , he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft 's attitude and retro-rocket firing . After his successful return , Shepard was celebrated as a national hero , honored with parades in Washington , New York and Los Angeles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alan shepard",
            "nasa",
            "john f. kennedy",
            "gagarin",
            "mercury-redstone"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b2_s",
              "question": "Who was the first American to enter space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Shepard",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first American to travel into space was whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13399_s",
          "context": "Greenwich Mean Time -LRB- GMT -RRB- is an older standard . Using telescopes instead of atomic clocks , GMT was calibrated to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory , Greenwich in the UK . Universal Time -LRB- UT -RRB- is the modern term for the international telescope-based system . Observations at the Greenwich Observatory itself ceased in 1954 , though the location is still used as the basis for the coordinate system . Because the rotational period of Earth is not perfectly constant . The terms `` GMT '' and `` Greenwich Mean Time '' are sometimes used informally to refer to UT or UTC .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928",
            "1954",
            "year",
            "a second",
            "a day",
            "1847"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727feae3acd2414000df19a_s",
              "question": "When did the observation at Greenwich Observatory stop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did observations at the Greenwich Observatory cease?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5336_s",
          "context": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use . The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century . The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus . A combination of the planisphere and dioptra , the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy . , Persia in 1235 . Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe , an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels , circa 1000 AD .",
          "c_entity": [
            "abū rayhān al-bīrūnī",
            "abi bakr"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28be7_s",
              "question": "Who invented the plane ball?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the planisphere?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8812_s",
          "context": "In 1872 . He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver , hermetically sealed , and filled with nitrogen . Later he lived in the USA , changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium , iridium , rhodium , ruthenium , osmium , molybdenum and tungsten filaments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1900",
            "1874",
            "current",
            "1872"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d0b0ec44d21400f3d60f_s",
              "question": "When did lodgin invent his first lamp?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15749_s",
          "context": "In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor \"to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with.\" This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states coast guard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573053c88ab72b1400f9c466_s",
              "question": "Who was sent to port Charleston after South Carolina passed the void order?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "five United States Coast Guard cutters",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3055_s",
          "context": "The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827 , and published theories behind the form . Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century . , after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate . The Adventures of Tintin , with its signature clear line style , was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929 , and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rodolphe töpffer",
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            {
              "id": "56e031847aa994140058e33f_s",
              "question": "Who started to write comics and theories about comics in 1827?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rodolphe Töpffer",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2561_s",
          "context": ", Frank Borman , James Lovell , and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8 . They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body . , and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history , with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit , that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis . , they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth . , in NASA 's first dawn splashdown and recovery .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 27",
            "december 24",
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            "christmas eve",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1063ecd28a01900c67456_s",
              "question": "When was Apollo 8's mission transferred from orbit?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christmas Eve",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9764_s",
          "context": "Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland -LRB- after the Anglican Church of Ireland -RRB- , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland , later James I of England . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church . Presbyterians , along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland . Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland , the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster , the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland , the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1607"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572682b0f1498d1400e8e231_s",
              "question": "When was he founded by Ulster?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1642",
                  "answer_start": 425
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was he Presbytery of Ulster formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18585_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point , often two or three packs a day . Eisenhower stated that he `` gave -LSB- himself -RSB- an order '' to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia . He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office . On September 24 , 1955 , while vacationing in Colorado , he had a serious heart attack that required six weeks ' hospitalization , Dulles . He was treated by Dr. Paul Dudley White , a cardiologist with a national reputation , who regularly informed the press of the President 's progress . Instead of eliminating him as a candidate for a second term as President , his physician recommended a second term as essential to his recovery .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nixon",
            "eisenhower",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573280c306a3a419008aca9d_s",
              "question": "Who is the cardiologist after Eisenhower's heart attack?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Dudley White",
                  "answer_start": 481
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the cardiologist who treated Eisenhower after his heart attack?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12962_s",
          "context": "The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers , both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership . Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys ' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit . The Metro Times , founded in 1980 , is a weekly publication , covering news , arts & entertainment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980",
            "march 2009",
            "a week",
            "three days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728db933acd2414000e0072_s",
              "question": "When was the subway times founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The Metro Times founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12244_s",
          "context": "Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel , intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event , and not intended to be taken literally . This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers . Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of `` Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord '' , and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are `` barking up the wrong tree '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "josephus",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a3762ca10214002d928a_s",
              "question": "Who says the eclipse is totally wrong?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Géza Vermes",
                  "answer_start": 347
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who describes the idea of an eclipse as totally wrong?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8335_s",
          "context": ", while Perdiccas , the leading cavalry commander . After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon , a compromise was arranged , assuming that it was a boy -LRB- as it was . Perdiccas himself would become regent -LRB- epimeletes -RRB- of the empire . Soon , however , Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered , and assumed full control . The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire , but Perdiccas ' position was shaky , because , `` everyone was suspicious of him , and he of them '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bcdc89a1e219009abdb7_s",
              "question": "Who is the chief Calvary commander?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Perdiccas",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leading calvary commander?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10583_s",
          "context": "Several performing arts groups and facilities are on the University of Michigan 's campus , as are museums dedicated to art , archaeology , and natural history and sciences . Founded in 1879 , the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year , bringing international artists in music , dance , and theater . , in a large park near downtown . Regional and local performing arts groups not associated with the university include the Ann Arbor Civic Theatre , the Arbor Opera Theater , the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra , the Ann Arbor Ballet Theater , The Ark , and Performance Network Theatre . Another unique piece of artistic expression in Ann Arbor is the fairy doors . These small portals are examples of installation art and can be found throughout the downtown area .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277dfddd62a815002e9eac_s",
              "question": "When was the college music society founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1879",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the University Musical Society founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12291_s",
          "context": ", a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail , Amtrak , Tri-Rail , Metrobus , Greyhound Lines , taxis , rental cars , MIA Mover , private automobiles , bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport . , and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area . , and Phase II in 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "the spring of 2012",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8430111d821400f38b9b_s",
              "question": "When will the second phase of Miami central station start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2421_s",
          "context": "After the English Civil War the Royal Citadel was built in 1666 on the east end of Plymouth Hoe , to defend the port from naval attacks , suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces . Further west is Smeaton 's Tower . It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room . Plymouth has 20 war memorials of which nine are on The Hoe including : Plymouth Naval Memorial , to remember those killed in World Wars I and II , and the Armada Memorial , to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7edd56340a1900b29c2e_s",
              "question": "When was the royal castle built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1666",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Royal Citadel constructed?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6267_s",
          "context": ", 1803 , about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover . The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover . However . This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain , where the King 's German Legion was formed . The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover .",
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              "id": "570a0ae44103511400d59520_s",
              "question": "Where do many soldiers migrate from Hanover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Great Britain",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11978_s",
          "context": "On 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of children being forced into labour due to the increasing need of cheap labour to produce large numbers of goods. Many multinationals often employed children because that they can be recruited for less pay, and have more endurance to utilise in factory environments. Another reason many Indian children were hired was because they lack knowledge of their basic rights, they did not cause trouble or complain, and they were often more trustworthy. The innocence that comes with childhood was utilised to make a profit by many and was encouraged by the need for family income.",
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            {
              "id": "57278b525951b619008f8ced_s",
              "question": "When did British East India beat Siraj UD daula?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 June 1757",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the English East India Company defeat Siraj-ud-Daula?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18878_s",
          "context": "The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu . `` Narayanhity '' comes from Narayana , a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu , and Hiti , meaning `` water spout '' -LRB- Vishnu 's temple is located opposite the palace , and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct -RRB- . Narayanhity was a new palace , and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda . It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah , then heir apparent to the throne . The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads . The palace area covers -LRB- 30 hectares -LRB- 74 acres -RRB- -RRB- and is fully secured with gates on all sides . This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre . , it was converted to a museum .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735c1dedc94161900571fbb_s",
              "question": "When was Nara built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Narayanhity constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17970_s",
          "context": "With over 90 million inhabitants , and the fifteenth-most populous in the world . The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River , an area of about 40,000 square kilometres -LRB- 15,000 sq mi -RRB- , where the only arable land is found . , are sparsely inhabited .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731385505b4da19006bcee2_s",
              "question": "Where do most Egyptians live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nile River",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Majority of Egypt people live near what river?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15979_s",
          "context": ", China was divided into three spheres of influence , Sun Quan -LRB- 182 -- 252 AD -RRB- dominating the south -- 223 AD -RRB- dominating the west . This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "cao pi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ee9b1dfa6aa1500f8d4ce_s",
              "question": "Who controls the south of China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sun Quan",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in control of the south of China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-485_s",
          "context": "Following filming in Mexico, and during a scheduled break, Craig was flown to New York to undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury. It was reported that filming was not affected and he had returned to filming at Pinewood Studios as planned on 22 April.",
          "c_entity": [
            "22 april"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdf52c62d2951400fa69cb_s",
              "question": "When did Craig get back to work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 April",
                  "answer_start": 247
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Craig go back to work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12160_s",
          "context": "The `` Jeltoqsan '' -LRB- Kazakh for `` December '' -RRB- of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata , Kazakhstan , who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin , an outsider from the Russian SFSR . Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17 , 1986 . Protesters swelled to 1,000 to 5,000 as other students joined the crowd . , druzhiniki -LRB- volunteers -RRB- , cadets , policemen . The situation escalated around 5 p.m. , as troops were ordered to disperse the protesters . Clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators continued throughout the night in Almaty .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "cpk central committee",
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            "kgb",
            "dinmukhamed konayev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278815f1498d1400e8fb19_s",
              "question": "Who replaced konayev?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gennady Kolbin",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took the place of Konayev?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5786_s",
          "context": "Chip E. 's 1985 recording `` It 's House '' may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music . However , Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association , claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store : bins of music that DJ Knuckles played at the Warehouse nightclub were labelled in the store `` As Heard At The Warehouse '' , which was shortened to simply `` House '' . Patrons later asked for new music for the bins , which Chip E. implies was a demand the shop tried to meet by stocking newer local club hits .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706a69352bb891400689b25_s",
              "question": "When was chip e's best seller, it's house, published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was Chip E's hit \"It's House\" released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12031_s",
          "context": "In 1584 , Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh , for whom the state capital is named , for land in present-day North Carolina -LRB- then part of the territory of Virginia -RRB- . It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize . Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s , but both failed . The fate of the `` Lost Colony '' of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history . Virginia Dare , the first English child to be born in North America , was born on Roanoke Island on August 18 , 1587 ; Dare County is named for her .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572782705951b619008f8bae_s",
              "question": "Who allowed Sir Walter Raleigh to go to North Carolina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth I",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who granted the charter for Sir Walter Raleigh to travel to present day North Carolina?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12566_s",
          "context": "Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of 'unknowing,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud. These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e46c2ca10214002d98da_s",
              "question": "Who wants to bring mysticism into order in Dominica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albertus Magnus",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to put mysticism into the Dominican Order?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1081_s",
          "context": ", and they became engaged in August 2006 . , Italy . Their private ceremony was subject to widespread mainstream coverage , with West taking issue with the couple 's portrayal in the media . They have two children . , West and Kardashian traveled to Jerusalem to have North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James . The couple 's high status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage ; The New York Times referred to their marriage as `` a historic blizzard of celebrity . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12b6b17492d1400aabb39_s",
              "question": "When did Alexis fife and Kanye West get engaged?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2006",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Alexis Phifer and Kanye West get engaged?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15040_s",
          "context": ", Kerry is described by Sports Illustrated , among others , as an `` avid cyclist '' , primarily riding on a road bike . Prior to his presidential bid , Kerry was known to have participated in several long-distance rides -LRB- centuries -RRB- . Even during his many campaigns , he was reported to have visited bicycle stores in both his home state and elsewhere . His staff requested recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms . He has also been a snowboarder , windsurfer , and sailor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572acab534ae481900deaceb_s",
              "question": "Who says Kerry is a passionate cyclist?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Sports Illustrated",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Kerry is an 'avid cyclist'?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6033_s",
          "context": "Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party -LRB- BJP -RRB- and Indian National Congress -LRB- INC -RRB- , no third front ever has become significant . , the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state . In the assembly elections held in December 2007 , the BJP secured a landslide victory . The BJP won 41 of the 68 seats while the Congress won only 23 of the 68 seats . BJP 's Prem Kumar Dhumal was sworn in as Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh on 30 December 2007 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "30 december 2007",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096a98200fba1400367f96_s",
              "question": "When did he take the oath of office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 December 2007",
                  "answer_start": 561
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was he sworn in?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-853_s",
          "context": ". It lies mostly between latitudes 36 ° and 41 ° N -LRB- a small area is north of 41 ° -RRB- , and longitudes 67 ° and 75 ° E -LRB- a small area is east of 75 ° -RRB- . , and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters -LRB- 9,800 ft -RRB- above sea level . , which form the Amu Darya . Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b5a64776f419006610ff_s",
              "question": "Where is Dushanbe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley",
                  "answer_start": 323
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Dushanbe located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8167_s",
          "context": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , which had ruled much of India , was dissolved , and Britain 's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire . The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict , and condemned atrocities on both sides . She wrote of `` her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war '' , and insisted , urged on by Albert , that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state `` should breathe feelings of generosity , benevolence and religious toleration '' . At her behest , a reference threatening the `` undermining of native religions and customs '' was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who encouraged Victoria to make an official statement about India's civil war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert",
                  "answer_start": 431
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who encouraged Victoria to issue an official statement on the conflict of the civil war in India? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18050_s",
          "context": "The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043 -- 1056 . The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived -LRB- Theotokos with raised hands , four evangelists with seraphim . , detail , landscape and setting .",
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              "question": "Who founded the monastery of niamoni?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Constantine Monomachos",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the Nea Moni Monastery?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6293_s",
          "context": "The word \"emotion\" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means \"to stir up\". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the word emotion come into English?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1579",
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              "original_question": "When did the word emotion enter the English language?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17367_s",
          "context": ". In `` umchwasho '' , all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment . If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage , her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief . , when the girls had reached a marriageable age , they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother , ending with dancing and feasting . The country was under the chastity rite of `` umchwasho '' until 19 August 2005 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573057502461fd1900a9cd77_s",
              "question": "When was Swaziland bound to umchivaso?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "19 August 2005",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9506_s",
          "context": "Garry Trudeau , creator of the political Doonesbury comic strip , attended Yale University . , a long-time New Haven resident for whom Trudeau 's comic strip is named . During his college years . A theory of international law , which argues for a sociological normative approach in regards to jurisprudence , is named the New Haven Approach , after the city . , before moving back to his hometown of Stamford .",
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            {
              "id": "5727a326ff5b5019007d918a_s",
              "question": "Who is the famous cartoonist from dunnsbury and who is studying at Yale University in new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Garry Trudeau",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the famous comic strip author of Doonesbury that attended Yale University in New Haven?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18844_s",
          "context": "Very few historical records exist of the period before the medieval Licchavis rulers . , a genealogy of Nepali monarchs , Mahispalas , Aabhirs , Kirants , and Somavanshi . The Kirata dynasty was established by Yalamber . During the Kirata era , a settlement called Yambu existed in the northern half of old Kathmandu . In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages , Kathmandu is still called Yambu . Another smaller settlement called Yengal was present in the southern half of old Kathmandu , near Manjupattan . During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler , Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu .",
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              "question": "Who was the founder of the kilata dynasty?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yalamber",
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              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Kirata dynasty?"
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "Unlike those of Mexican states ' schools , curricula of Mexico City 's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education . The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City -LRB- in some specific cases , funding comes from both the city 's government and other public and private national and international entities -RRB- .",
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              "id": "5726ccd2f1498d1400e8eb8e_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of training in Mexico City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Secretary of Public Education",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is in charge of the education in Mexico City?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": "In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: \"przywilej koszycki\" or \"ugoda koszycka\") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the nobility and exempted the entire class from all but one tax (łanowy, which was limited to 2 grosze from łan (an old measure of land size)). In addition, the King's right to raise taxes was abolished; no new taxes could be raised without the agreement of the nobility. Henceforth, also, district offices (Polish: \"urzędy ziemskie\") were reserved exclusively for local nobility, as the Privilege of Koszyce forbade the king to grant official posts and major Polish castles to foreign knights. Finally, this privilege obliged the King to pay indemnities to nobles injured or taken captive during a war outside Polish borders.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f81ed1a6d7ea1400e173cd_s",
              "question": "When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of kosher?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1374",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8917_s",
          "context": "In addition to Mesa , 1896 -- 1900 -RRB- , -LRB- 1909 , 1907 , 1911 -- 1912 -RRB- -- 02 , 1906 -RRB- -- 04 , 1948 -- 1949 -RRB- , 1943 -- 1945 -RRB- -- 1916 -RRB- -- 1921 -RRB- -- 1942 , 1946 -- 1947 , 1950 -- 1951 -RRB- ; Rendezvous Park in Mesa -LRB- 1952 -- 1965 -RRB- -- 1978 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where is the assembly park?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mesa",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Rendezvous Park?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8808_s",
          "context": ", an RAF pilot , Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace . Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it . Holmes bailed out . Both aircraft crashed . In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty . It had already been damaged , two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out . Its pilot , Feldwebel Robert Zehbe , landed , only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack . During the Dornier 's descent , it somehow unloaded its bombs , one of which hit the Palace . It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station . The bomber 's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London . The British pilot became a King 's Messenger after the war , and died at the age of 90 in 2005 .",
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              "id": "5725f7a389a1e219009ac118_s",
              "question": "When did Ray Holmes die?",
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                  "text": "2005",
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              "original_question": "What year did Ray Holmes die?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7353_s",
          "context": "In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised.\" Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. Many Germans also viewed the French as the traditional destabilizer of Europe, and sought to weaken France to prevent further breaches of the peace.",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570d5e41b3d812140066d761_s",
              "question": "Who is sure that the German French war is absolutely necessary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chancellor Otto von Bismarck",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8649_s",
          "context": ". The religion with most followers in Montevideo is Roman Catholicism and has been so since the foundation of the city . The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo was created as the Apostolic Vicariate of Montevideo in 1830 . The new archdiocese became the Metropolitan of the suffragan sees of Canelones , Florida , Maldonado -- Punta del Este , Melo , Mercedes , Minas , Salto , San José de Mayo , Tacuarembó .",
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              "id": "5725e0fb89a1e219009ac01c_s",
              "question": "When was the great Diocese of Montevideo founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 222
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo created?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18717_s",
          "context": "This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie , who had 44 commissaires de police -LRB- police commissioners -RRB- under his authority . In 1709 , these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police -LRB- police inspectors -RRB- . The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires , each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy . , resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57329c9cd6dcfa19001e8a2a_s",
              "question": "When are Police Inspectors allowed to enter Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1709",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were police inspectors added to Paris's police?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8951_s",
          "context": "In his investiture address , given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn , Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order . An expert commission was established , named after its chairman , the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst . After two years of work , the experts delivered their report in 1973 . In the north .",
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              "id": "572926bd6aef051400154acb_s",
              "question": "Where was the speech made by the chancellor of the exchequer, Willie brand, on October 28, 1969?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bonn",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his  28 October 1969 address?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13947_s",
          "context": "He worked in street construction for a short amount of time , but was unable to cope with the heavy labour . Continuing to attend university as a guest student , he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker , which he completed as a journeyman . He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children , for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful . After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler 's clinics for children . In 1922 . , he went to the newly founded Pädagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology . Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger , who later became his wife .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57288fbf3acd2414000dfb22_s",
              "question": "When did pop become a regular student rather than a college guest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 492
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Popper become an ordinary student rather than a guest at university?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11554_s",
          "context": ", 1946 . It was also part of an official State Department publication , Nazi -- Soviet Relations 1939 -- 1941 , edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948 . The decision to publish the key documents on German -- Soviet relations , including the treaty and protocol , had been taken already in spring 1947 . Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947 . In November 1947 , President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December . Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view , the document edition was sent to press . The documents made headlines worldwide . State Department officials counted it as a success : `` The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war . ''",
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              "question": "Where is the meeting of foreign ministers held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "London",
                  "answer_start": 542
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13783_s",
          "context": ". Keir Hardie , who had taken a leading role in getting the party established , the Leader -RRB- .",
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              "id": "57284d303acd2414000df8d2_s",
              "question": "Who was elected labour chairman of Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Keir Hardie",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5423_s",
          "context": "Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards.",
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              "id": "57069d2c75f01819005e7c4b_s",
              "question": "When was the film skin made?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 412
                }
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              "original_question": "What year was the movie \"Skin\" made?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18514_s",
          "context": ". At that time , since no tuition was required . Eisenhower requested consideration for either Annapolis or West Point with his U.S. Senator , Joseph L. Bristow . Though Eisenhower was among the winners of the entrance-exam competition . He then accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911 .",
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              "question": "Who are Eisenhower and the senator?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Joseph L. Bristow",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Eisenhower's senator?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18059_s",
          "context": "The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies. Best examples of Sicilian mosaic art are the Cappella Palatina of Roger II, the Martorana church in Palermo and the cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale.",
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              "id": "573169afa5e9cc1400cdbf31_s",
              "question": "When is the peak of mosaic art in Sicily?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the 12th century",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
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              "original_question": "when was the height of mosaic art in sicily?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12939_s",
          "context": "Other , prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong . , Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager . The Fortune label was a family-operated label located on Third Avenue in Detroit . Fortune , which also released country , gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s , laid the groundwork for Motown , which became Detroit 's most legendary record label .",
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              "question": "Who has a great influence on smoky Robinson?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nolan Strong",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9889_s",
          "context": ". Britain formally acquired the colony , and its large Afrikaner -LRB- or Boer -RRB- population in 1806 , following the invasion of the Netherlands by France . , and pushed thousands of Boers , resentful of British rule , northwards to found their own -- mostly short-lived -- independent republics . In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British , who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities , including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations . Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan -- 77 .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Britain officially acquire the colony of Cape Town?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1806",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain formally acquire the Cape Colony?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2369_s",
          "context": "The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone , Saxon for south farm . From Saxon times , it was in the hundred of Roborough . , became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament . , Plymouth had a Mayor . , and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth . Collectively they were referred to as `` The Three Towns '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When was this daily mail published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1086",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Domesday Book compiled?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14967_s",
          "context": "The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government , which is headed by one mayor , in whom executive authority is vested . Elected at-large , the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city 's home rule charter , but can run for the position again after an intervening term . The Mayor is Jim Kenney , who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016 . Kenney , as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952 , which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election . The legislative branch , consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large . Democrats currently hold 14 seats , with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party , as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the current mayor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jim Kenney",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current mayor?"
            }
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          "context": "The Bologna process has been adopted , since 2006 , by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes . Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis , a system of numerus clausus is enforced through a national database on student admissions . However , every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen , international students , foreign students from the Lusosphere , degree owners from other institutions , students from other institutions -LRB- academic transfer -RRB- , former students -LRB- readmission -RRB- , and course change , which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department . Most student costs are supported with public money . However , businessmen , parents , and pensioners , many departments make a substantial profit from every additional student enrolled in courses , with benefits for the college or university 's gross tuition revenue and without loss of educational quality -LRB- teacher per student , computer per student , classroom size per student , etc. -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "573422234776f4190066190d_s",
              "question": "When was Bologna adopted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 45
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Bologna process adopted?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11551_s",
          "context": "In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany , on 13 April 1941 , the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan . , he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism , to reinforce a public affection for Germany . , and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties ' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power .",
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              "question": "Who plans to invade the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hitler",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-62_s",
          "context": ", based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah . , Men in Black . , the group released their self-titled debut album , scoring their first major hit `` No , No , No '' . The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry , with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B , Best R&B / Soul or Rap New Artist , and Best R&B / Soul Single for `` No , No , No '' . The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing 's on the Wall in 1999 . The record features some of the group 's most widely known songs such as `` Bills , Bills , Bills '' , the group 's first number-one single , `` Jumpin ' Jumpin ' '' and `` Say My Name '' , and would remain one of their signature songs . `` Say My Name '' won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards . The Writing 's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide . During this time , Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson , an original member of Boyz II Men , on the song `` After All Is Said and Done '' for the soundtrack to the 1999 film , The Best Man .",
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              "question": "When did destiny's child release her second album?",
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              "original_question": "When did Destiny's Child release their second album?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3494_s",
          "context": "This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical.",
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              "question": "When did the European Union have a constitution?",
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              "original_question": "When did the EU create the European Constitution?"
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          "context": "Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples.",
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              "question": "When was the DNA of Liangzhu human remains examined?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2007",
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              "original_question": "What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8975_s",
          "context": "On 7 June 1950 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950 . On 11 June , the North sent three diplomats to the South , as a peace overture that Rhee rejected . On 21 June , rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula .",
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              "question": "Who rejected the gesture of peace?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Rhee",
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              "original_question": "Who rejected the peace gesture?"
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          "context": ". Three of Spielberg 's films -- Jaws -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Jurassic Park -LRB- 1993 -RRB- -- achieved box office records , originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film . The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $ 9 billion worldwide , making him the highest-grossing director in history . His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $ 3 billion . He has been associated with composer John Williams since 1974 , who composed music for all save five of Spielberg 's feature films .",
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              "question": "Who wrote most of Steven Spielberg's films?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "John Williams",
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              "original_question": "Who has composed most of Steven Spielberg's movies?"
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          "context": ", Orlando , and Tampa . The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding , but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011 . The second phase of the line was envisioned to connect Miami . By 2014 .",
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              "question": "Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?",
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                  "text": "Rick Scott",
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              "original_question": "Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?"
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          "context": "On 12 December 1911 , during the Delhi Durbar , George V , then Emperor of India , while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy 's residence in the Coronation Park . , during their imperial visit . , who first visited Delhi in 1912 , both leading 20th-century British architects . Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931 . , the Viceroy .",
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              "question": "Who announced that the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi?",
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                  "text": "George V",
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              "original_question": "Who announced that the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi?"
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          "context": ". There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire ; most occurred in the Balkans . , lasted throughout most of the 5th century . The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church . Legal developments included the codification of Roman law ; the first effort -- the Theodosian Code -- was completed in 438 . Under Emperor Justinian -LRB- r. 527 -- 565 -RRB- , another compilation took place -- the Corpus Juris Civilis . , under Belisarius -LRB- d. 565 -RRB- . , as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian 's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests . At the emperor 's death . Justinian 's reconquests have been criticised by historians for overextending his realm and setting the stage for the Muslim conquests , but many of the difficulties faced by Justinian 's successors were due not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire , which made raising troops difficult .",
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              "question": "Where did the invasion take place in the Eastern Roman Empire?",
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                  "text": "the Balkans",
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              "original_question": "Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16662_s",
          "context": ", the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia . Soon , the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well . The Byzantine rule was short lived , as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert , establishing the Seljuk Empire . To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative , Gagik II , King of Ani , an Armenian named Roupen , went with some of his countrymen into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia . , a descendant of Prince Roupen .",
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              "question": "When did the Seljuks beat the Byzantines?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1071",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Seljuk Turks beat the Byzantines?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8033_s",
          "context": ", setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs . The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock , and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance . In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine , which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt . Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state , and licensed the technology to Parke Davis . Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin . Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks .",
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              "question": "When was adrenaline found?",
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                  "text": "1897",
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              "original_question": "In what year was epinephrine discovered?"
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          "context": ". This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey , dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did the museum come?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1065",
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              "original_question": "The area the museum occupies dates back to when?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1786_s",
          "context": "Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments . For example , Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion . She remained continuously in power until 1990 , though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet .",
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              "question": "When was Thatcher last in power?",
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              "original_question": "When did Thatcher last hold power?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1623_s",
          "context": ", who instead spoke of the Great Moderation . A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis , with varying arguments . Dirk Bezemer in his research credits -LRB- with supporting argument and estimates of timing -RRB- 12 economists with predicting the crisis . Examples of other experts who gave indications of a financial crisis have also been given . Not surprisingly , the Austrian economic school regarded the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded but inevitable effect of an artificial , manufactured laxity in monetary supply .",
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              "id": "5733612b4776f41900660934_s",
              "question": "Who asked 12 unorthodox economists to predict their research credit crisis?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dirk Bezemer",
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              "original_question": "Who credit 12 heterodox economists with predicting the crisis in his research credits?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14862_s",
          "context": "Arthur M. Diamond argues Hayek 's problems arise when he goes beyond claims that can be evaluated within economic science . Diamond argued that : `` The human mind , Hayek says , is not just limited in its ability to synthesize a vast array of concrete facts , it is also limited in its ability to give a deductively sound ground to ethics . Here is where the tension develops , for he also wants to give a reasoned moral defense of the free market . He is an intellectual skeptic who wants to give political philosophy a secure intellectual foundation . It is thus not too surprising that what results is confused and contradictory . ''",
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              "question": "Who criticized Hayek's ability to provide concrete facts?",
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                  "text": "Arthur M. Diamond",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who criticizes Hayek's ability to provide specific facts?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11504_s",
          "context": ". , in 1945 , of the merge sort algorithm , in which the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged . , being 23 pages long ; traces can still be seen on the first page of the phrase `` TOP SECRET '' , which was written in pencil and later erased . He also worked on the philosophy of artificial intelligence with Alan Turing when the latter visited Princeton in the 1930s .",
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              "id": "572847273acd2414000df85e_s",
              "question": "Who does von Neumann work with in AI philosophy?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Alan Turing",
                  "answer_start": 351
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              "original_question": "With whom did von Neumann work on the philosophy of artificial intelligence?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14234_s",
          "context": "During the Middle Ages , Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars , such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals . The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution , alternating expulsions and returns , until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution . Although 75 % of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II , half the city 's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps , while some others fled abroad . ; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue , built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard , is a Paris landmark .",
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              "id": "572901d03f37b31900477f76_s",
              "question": "When was the synagogue of Aguda hakenzilo built in Malay district?",
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                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 677
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?"
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          "context": "During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region.",
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              "question": "Who are the Uruguayan revolutionaries who are united with the rest of Buenos Aires?",
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                  "text": "José Gervasio Artigas",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3011_s",
          "context": ", 1922 , at his private estate , Nova Scotia , at age 75 . His last view of the land he had inhabited was by moonlight on his mountain estate at 2:00 a.m. -LSB- N 29 -RSB- -LSB- N 30 -RSB- While tending to him after his long illness , Mabel , his wife , whispered , `` Do n't leave me . '' By way of reply -- and then he died .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfc5307aa994140058e186_s",
              "question": "Who was the last to see bell alive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mabel",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last person to see Bell alive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8063_s",
          "context": "In 1971 , Akira Endo , identified mevastatin -LRB- ML-236B -RRB- , a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum , as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase , a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol . Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials , however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use . Mevastatin was never marketed , because of its adverse effects of tumors , muscle deterioration , and sometimes death in laboratory dogs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "akira endo",
            "sankyo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae94232177014007e9fdb_s",
              "question": "Who found Mevastatin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akira Endo",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered Mevastatin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6031_s",
          "context": "Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty . After the war between Nepal and Britain , also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War -LRB- 1814 -- 1816 -RRB- . In 1950 , but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971 . Hima means snow in Sanskrit , and the literal meaning of the state 's name is `` In the lap of Himalayas '' . It was named by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma , one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh .",
          "c_entity": [
            "acharya diwakar datt sharma",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096955ed30961900e840c8_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the great three rock scholars in Himachal Pradesh?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the great sanskirt scholars of Himachal Pradesh?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2488_s",
          "context": "Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC).",
          "c_entity": [
            "karl jaspers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de99cfcffd8e1900b4ba26_s",
              "question": "Who marks the age of the axis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karl Jaspers",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the Axial Age?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8482_s",
          "context": "They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison. Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind. According to a 2007 article, the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts was mineral, the most toxic, and according to toxicologist Patrick Kintz, this supported the conclusion that he was murdered.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d110708984140094d220_s",
              "question": "When was an article published describing arsenic in Napoleon's hair?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12448_s",
          "context": ", which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media . Classic films released by 20th Century Fox .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sony pictures television",
            "viacom",
            "nbcuniversal television distribution",
            "columbia pictures",
            "paramount pictures",
            "20th television",
            "the walt disney company",
            "disney-abc domestic television",
            "walt disney studios",
            "20th century",
            "21st century fox",
            "universal studios",
            "trifecta entertainment & media",
            "emka, ltd."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572782aff1498d1400e8fa38_s",
              "question": "Who owns the television copyright of paramount publications after 1949?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trifecta Entertainment & Media",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's post-1949 releases?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6459_s",
          "context": "In 2014, the FAA changed a long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates that eliminated preferences based on training and experience at flight schools in favor of a personality test open to anyone irrespective of experience. The move was made to increase flight traffic controller racial diversity. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be \"fast-tracked\" for consideration. The agency eliminated that program and instead switched to an open system to the general public, with no need for any experience or even a college degree. Instead, applicants could take \"a biographical questionnaire\" that many applicants found baffling.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9a54103511400d598f8_s",
              "question": "When did the FAA change its long-standing attitude toward air navigation candidates?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the FAA change it's long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-555_s",
          "context": "Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13. Tzu Chi was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.",
          "c_entity": [
            "late on may 13"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d60ddf1c85041400946ef4_s",
              "question": "When did Beijing agree to help from Taiwan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late on May 13",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beijing agree to aid from Taiwan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14798_s",
          "context": "The problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now, is called the A-series. The A-series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future, simpliciter and in comparison to each other. The B-series eliminates all reference to the present, and the associated temporal modalities of past and future, and orders all events by the temporal relations earlier than and later than.",
          "c_entity": [
            "j. m. e. mctaggart"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3a0b6aef0514001553a2_s",
              "question": "Who started to discuss the problem of time flow in analytic philosophy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J. M. E. McTaggart",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started the discussion within analytic philosophy on the problem of the flow of time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14789_s",
          "context": ". This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers , regardless of the frame of reference that is used , and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames . This theory was motivated by Maxwell 's equations , which show that electromagnetic waves propagate in a vacuum at the speed of light . However , Maxwell 's equations give no indication of what this speed is relative to . , it was thought that this speed was relative to a fixed medium , called the luminiferous ether . In contrast , the theory of special relativity postulates that light propagates at the speed of light in all inertial frames , and examines the implications of this postulate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert einstein",
            "maxwell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a203b6aef0514001552dd_s",
              "question": "Who put forward Einstein's theory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Einstein's theory was motivated by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18291_s",
          "context": "Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope , the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland , Scotland , Hungary , Germany and elsewhere . After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526 , Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the `` fallen city '' of Geneva . His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life . After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559 , Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement , providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries . The faith continued to spread after Calvin 's death in 1563 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william farel",
            "john calvin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c848b9d445190005e53e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the order of 1541?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Calvin",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18603_s",
          "context": "The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York -LRB- Manhattan -RRB- . Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule . Kingsbridge , built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek , was a possession of Frederick Philipse , lord of Philipse Manor . The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek . In 1759 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benjamin palmer",
            "frederick philipse",
            "jacobus dyckman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325124e17f3d140042285f_s",
              "question": "Who owns Kingsbridge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick Philipse",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owned Kingsbridge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12046_s",
          "context": "The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina , in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861 . , the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew 's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of any Confederate regiment . During the Battle of Chickamauga , the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield . , the 75th North Carolina Regiment , a cavalry unit , fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War . , North Carolinians proudly boasted that they had been `` First at Bethel , Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga , and Last at Appomattox . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 1863",
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            "june 1861",
            "april 1865"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572798e7708984140094e1d6_s",
              "question": "When did Henry Wyatt die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1861",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Henry Wyatt die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1460_s",
          "context": "Greece : On March 24 , 2008 , the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia , Greece , site of the ancient Olympic Games . , in the role of a High Priestess , ignited the torch of the first torchbearer , a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece , who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer . Following the recent unrest in Tibet , three members of Reporters Without Borders , the head of Beijing 's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia , Greece . The People 's Republic of China called this a `` disgraceful '' attempt to sabotage the Olympics . On March 30 , 2008 in Athens , during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games , demonstrators shouted ` Free Tibet ' and unfurled banners ; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention . After the hand-off , protests continued internationally , with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "luo xuejuan",
            "maria nafpliotou",
            "robert ménard",
            "alexandros nikolaidis",
            "liu qi"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb332_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to carry the torch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandros Nikolaidis",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person to carry the torch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11385_s",
          "context": ", Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari . The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society . Buhari promised major reforms , but his government fared little better than its predecessor . His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1984",
            "beginning in 1979",
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d8e9f1498d1400e8ed00_s",
              "question": "When did another military coup topple Buhari?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13792_s",
          "context": ", with Roy Hattersley as his deputy . The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies . The miners strike of 1984 -- 85 over coal mine closures , and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party , and negative coverage in most of the press . Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of ` extra-parliamentary ' militants in local government .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arthur scargill",
            "roy hattersley",
            "neil kinnock"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728720dff5b5019007da22b_s",
              "question": "Who is Neil NACK's deputy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roy Hattersley",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Neil Knnocks deputy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2360_s",
          "context": "In the nearby parish of Stoke Damerel the first dockyard , HMNB Devonport , opened in 1690 on the eastern bank of the River Tamar . , and a new town , separate from Plymouth , grew up .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1793",
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            "1727"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de6ceccffd8e1900b4b8a6_s",
              "question": "When was HMNB Davenport founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1690",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was HMNB Davenport established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16857_s",
          "context": "The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jugurtha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fee59b2c2fd14005685f8_s",
              "question": "Who is trying to seize the throne of Numidia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jugurtha",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attempted to usurp the throne of Numidia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11930_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with John Smyth as its pastor . Three years earlier , while a Fellow of Christ 's College , he had broken his ties with the Church of England . Reared in the Church of England , he became `` Puritan , English Separatist , and then a Baptist Separatist , '' and ended his days working with the Mennonites . -- 70 English Separatists , in the face of `` great danger . '' , separate from the established church -LRB- Anglican -RRB- . Smyth and his lay supporter , Thomas Helwys , together with those they led , broke with the other English exiles because Smyth and Helwys were convinced they should be baptized as believers . In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "cambridge"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572792345951b619008f8ddc_s",
              "question": "Where did historians follow the earliest Baptists?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amsterdam",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9885_s",
          "context": "From its base in India . This trade , illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729 , helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea , which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China . , the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War , and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island , at that time a minor settlement .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1730s",
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            "1729"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572676425951b619008f735d_s",
              "question": "When did China ban opium trade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1729",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did China outlaw opium trade?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8157_s",
          "context": "Internationally , Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain . She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans , who were related by marriage through the Coburgs . , she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy . , he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign . , and fled to exile in England . , Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House , a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped . Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support , and the scare died down without any major disturbances . , but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1843",
            "1844",
            "1520",
            "1849",
            "1845"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572632a1ec44d21400f3dc28_s",
              "question": "When did Osborne buy his house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1845",
                  "answer_start": 579
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Osborne house purchased?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13836_s",
          "context": "According to the Constitution of Estonia -LRB- Estonian : Põhiseadus -RRB- the supreme power of the state is vested in the people . The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote . The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikohus , with nineteen justices . The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president . , also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728bcadff5b5019007da5c1_s",
              "question": "Who has the highest judicial power in Estonia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Supreme Court or Riigikohus",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who holds supreme judicial power in Estonia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-595_s",
          "context": "In 1664 , Peter Stuyvesant , the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland , surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "duke of york",
            "peter stuyvesant",
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            "james ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1b_s",
              "question": "Who left New Amsterdam to the British?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Stuyvesant",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9893_s",
          "context": ". Home rule was supported by the British Prime minister , William Gladstone , who hoped that Ireland might follow in Canada 's footsteps as a Dominion within the empire . Although the bill , if passed , would have granted Ireland less autonomy within the UK than the Canadian provinces had within their own federation , many MPs feared that a partially independent Ireland might pose a security threat to Great Britain or mark the beginning of the break-up of the empire . A third bill was passed by Parliament in 1914 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1886",
            "1852",
            "1800",
            "1798",
            "the 1916 easter",
            "a second",
            "1845",
            "1914",
            "the last decades of the 19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267c12dd62a815002e86c5_s",
              "question": "When was the law passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 514
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a Home Rule bill passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
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          "context": "Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its \"conceptual assault\" on rock tradition. Artists embraced electronic music, black dance styles and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature. Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music.",
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            {
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              "question": "When did post punk arrive at the scene?",
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                  "text": "in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s",
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          "context": "The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West . The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria . Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life , called cenobitism , which was pioneered by Pachomius -LRB- d. 348 -RRB- in the 4th century . Benedict of Nursia -LRB- d. 547 -RRB- wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century , detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot . Monks and monasteries had a deep effect on the religious and political life of the Early Middle Ages , in various cases acting as land trusts for powerful families , centres of propaganda and royal support in newly conquered regions , and bases for missions and proselytisation . They were the main and sometimes only outposts of education and literacy in a region . Many of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin classics were copied in monasteries in the Early Middle Ages . Monks were also the authors of new works , including history , theology , and other subjects , a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th centuries .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the pioneer of zenobism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pachomius",
                  "answer_start": 351
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              "original_question": "Who was the pioneer of cenobitism?"
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          "context": "Leading up to the American Civil War , Baptists became embroiled in the controversy over slavery in the United States . Whereas in the First Great Awakening , Methodist and Baptist preachers had opposed slavery and urged manumission , over the decades they made more of an accommodation with the institution . They worked with slaveholders in the South to urge a paternalistic institution . Both denominations made direct appeals to slaves and free blacks for conversion . The Baptists particularly allowed them active roles in congregations . By the mid-19th century , northern Baptists tended to oppose slavery . As tensions increased , in 1844 the Home Mission Society refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary who had been proposed by Georgia . It noted that missionaries could not take servants with them .",
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                  "text": "the Home Mission Society",
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              "original_question": "What refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary?"
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          "context": "The question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement on cybersecurity is more than vital, is the government the best actor to solve this issue? Many government officials and experts think that the government should step in and that there is a crucial need for regulation, mainly due to the failure of the private sector to solve efficiently the cybersecurity problem. R. Clarke said during a panel discussion at the RSA Security Conference in San Francisco, he believes that the \"industry only responds when you threaten regulation. If industry doesn't respond (to the threat), you have to follow through.\" On the other hand, executives from the private sector agree that improvements are necessary, but think that the government intervention would affect their ability to innovate efficiently.",
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              "question": "Where is RSA Security meeting held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "San Francisco",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the RSA Security Conference held?"
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          "context": ", Rhodesia , Britain 's last African colony , became the independent nation of Zimbabwe . , aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete . In 1982 , Britain 's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands , acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire . Britain 's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain 's status as a world power . , the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain . The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution . Similarly . , Brunei , Britain 's last remaining Asian protectorate , gained its independence .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57269008dd62a815002e89b4_s",
              "question": "When did Canada gain full constitutional control?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 238
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Canada given full control of its constitution?"
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          "context": "There is very little voice acting in the game . Link remains silent in conversation , but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised . His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions . Other characters have similar language-independent verbalizations , including laughter , surprised or fearful exclamations , and screams . The character of Midna has the most voice acting -- her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech , which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases -LSB- better source needed -RSB- sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko Kōmoto .",
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                  "text": "Akiko Kōmoto",
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              "original_question": "Who provided the basis for Midna's voice?"
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          "context": ", depicting early life in the territory . The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex , which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures . In other places , such as the northern Dhambalin region , a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman .",
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              "question": "Where is a great picture of a man on a horse?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the northern Dhambalin region",
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              "original_question": "Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?"
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          "context": "In February 1939 , he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying . On 10 February 1939 . Unfortunately , she died on 20 February 1939 , during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI . He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli . , and , on radio , listened to the coronation of the new pontiff .",
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              "question": "Who sent him a letter informing him of his mother's death?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sent him the letter informing him of his mother's death?"
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          "context": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour , Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy . Together , they formed her first rock band , for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar . , formed the band Emmy . The two began writing songs together , and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act .",
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              "question": "Who did Madonna see when she was a singer / dancer on Patrick Hernandez's tour?",
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                  "text": "Dan Gilroy",
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              "original_question": "Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?"
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          "context": ", as such , took influence from Tamagotchis ' cute and round designs . The small areas of the screens -LRB- 16 by 16 pixels -RRB- meant that character designers had to create monsters whose forms would be easily recognizable . As such , many of the early Digimon , the first one ever created -- were based on dinosaurs . Many further designs were created by Kenji Watanabe , who was brought in to help with the `` X-Antibody '' creatures and art for the Digimon collectible card game . Watanabe was one influenced by American comics , which were beginning to gain popularity in Japan , and as such began to make his characters look stronger and `` cool . '' The character creation process , however , has for most of the franchise 's history been collaborative and reliant on conversation and brainstorming .",
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              "question": "Who is the designer responsible for Digimon's role design decomposition?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design?"
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          "context": "The word \"insect\" comes from the Latin word insectum, meaning \"with a notched or divided body\", or literally \"cut into\", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare, \"to cut into, to cut up\", from in- \"into\" and secare \"to cut\"; because insects appear \"cut into\" three sections. Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ἔντομος (éntomos) or \"insect\" (as in entomology), which was Aristotle's term for this class of life, also in reference to their \"notched\" bodies. \"Insect\" first appears documented in English in 1601 in Holland's translation of Pliny. Translations of Aristotle's term also form the usual word for \"insect\" in Welsh (trychfil, from trychu \"to cut\" and mil, \"animal\"), Serbo-Croatian (zareznik, from rezati, \"to cut\"), Russian (насекомое nasekomoje, from seč'/-sekat', \"to cut\"), etc.",
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              "question": "When was the word insect first recorded in English?",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year is it typically reported that the word insect was first documented in English?"
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          "context": "Like Maradona , Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale . However , new heroes emerged , such as Luís Figo , Patrick Kluivert , Luis Enrique and Rivaldo , and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998 . , the club celebrated its centenari , winning the Primera División title . Despite this domestic success .",
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              "question": "When did Barcelona win the derby and La Liga?",
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                  "text": "1998",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?"
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          "context": ", The Temptations , The Four Tops , The Spinners , The Elgins , The Monitors . , based on Allan Slutsky 's book of the same name .",
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              "question": "Who wrote a book about Auto City?",
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                  "text": "Allan Slutsky",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote a book about Motown?"
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          "context": "During the Age of Enlightenment , whereas others , such as Thomas Hobbes , strongly opposed it . Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature , the executive , and the judiciary . His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution .",
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              "question": "Who is against decentralization?",
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                  "text": "Thomas Hobbes",
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              "original_question": "Who was an opponent of separation of powers?"
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          "context": "Chopin 's tombstone , featuring the muse of music , Euterpe , weeping over a broken lyre . The expenses of the funeral and monument , amounting to 5,000 francs , were covered by Jane Stirling . , preserved in alcohol , back to Poland in 1850 . -LSB- n 9 -RSB- She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin ; after 1851 these were returned to Sand , who seems to have destroyed them .",
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              "question": "Who pays for Chopin's funeral?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
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              "original_question": "Who paid for Chopin's funeral?"
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          "context": ", Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by India 's Viceroy Lord Irwin .",
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              "question": "Who drives New Delhi?",
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                  "text": "Viceroy Lord Irwin",
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              "original_question": "Who inaugurated the city of New Delhi?"
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          "context": ", was also the first important jazz mandolinist . , among others , have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin 's versatility for all styles of music . Chris Thile of California is a well-known player , and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass , classical , contemporary pop and rock . Most commonly associated with bluegrass , mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years .",
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              "question": "Who is famous for the important works of traditional flowers and plants?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Chris Thile of California is",
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              "original_question": "Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?"
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          "context": "In the early Heian period , the late 8th and early 9th centuries , Emperor Kammu sought to consolidate and expand his rule in northern Honshū , but the armies he sent to conquer the rebellious Emishi people lacked motivation and discipline , and failed in their task . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Emperor Kammu introduced the title of sei'i - taishōgun -LRB- 征夷大将軍 -RRB- or Shogun , and began to rely on the powerful regional clans to conquer the Emishi . Skilled in mounted combat and archery -LRB- kyūdō -RRB- , these clan warriors became the Emperor 's preferred tool for putting down rebellions . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Though this is the first known use of the `` Shogun '' title , it was a temporary title , and was not imbued with political power until the 13th century .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Emperor Kammu",
                  "answer_start": 67
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              "original_question": "Who introduced the Shogun concept?"
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          "context": ". In November 2006 , Bozizé 's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country 's northern regions . Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence , the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions .",
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              "question": "When did the car ask the French for help against the rebels?",
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              "original_question": "When did CAR ask for assistance from the French against rebels?"
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          "context": "Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913 , in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford 's classical model . In classical electrodynamics , a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation . If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus , the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus . : an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En",
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              "question": "Who built the atomic model in 1913 and challenged Rutherford's model?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Niels Bohr",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who modeled the atom in 1913, challenging Rutherford's model?"
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          "context": "A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed . In 1834 , Captain DonSette and his crew were killed . Similarly . Later that year a whaler 's boat crew were killed . In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed . The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft , which was a common practice . In 1857 , two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon , living among the natives through at least 1870 . : 3",
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                  "text": "Captain DonSette",
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              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834?"
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          "context": "In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland , both owned by members of Stirling 's family . She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship , and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so . , but such bores '' , and responding to a rumour about his involvement , answered that he was `` closer to the grave than the nuptial bed . '' . In late October 1848 , he wrote out his last will and testament -- `` a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future , if I should drop dead somewhere '' , he wrote to Grzymała .",
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          "context": "The English word scientist is relatively recent -- first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century . Previously , people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers . While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity -LRB- for example , and others -RRB- , and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages -LRB- for example , the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th - and 17th-century Europe . Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific . Traditionally , historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries .",
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            {
              "id": "5726ebefdd62a815002e9550_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word \"scientist\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Whewell",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the word \"scientist\"?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-236_s",
          "context": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin 's life there . , had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England ; Albert Grzymała , who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure , often acted as Chopin 's adviser and `` gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in -LSB- his -RSB- life . '' , Chopin 's `` general factotum and copyist '' .",
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            {
              "id": "56d31b3759d6e41400146245_s",
              "question": "Who knew Chopin would make a fortune in Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Grzymała",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2491_s",
          "context": "-- 428 BC -RRB- , Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists . -- ca. 55 BC -RRB- reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus . According to this view , all that exists is matter and void , and all phenomena result from different motions and conglomerations of base material particles called `` atoms '' -LRB- literally : `` indivisibles '' -RRB- . , evaporation , wind , and sound . Famous principles like `` nothing can touch body but body '' first appeared in the works of Lucretius . Democritus and Epicurus however did not hold to a monist ontology since they held to the ontological separation of matter and space i.e. space being `` another kind '' of being , indicating that the definition of `` materialism '' is wider than given scope for in this article .",
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              "question": "Who wrote natura's poem?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lucretius",
                  "answer_start": 505
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14658_s",
          "context": "Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them. It was invented in the context of classical mechanics, but is generally useful in modern physics. The Lagrangian is defined as the kinetic energy minus the potential energy. Usually, the Lagrange formalism is mathematically more convenient than the Hamiltonian for non-conservative systems (such as systems with friction).",
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            {
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              "question": "Who are the Lagrangians named after?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph-Louis Lagrange",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Lagrangian named after?"
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        {
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          "context": ". The town grew , and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built . The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar , known as El Cid , who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean . , he had carved out his own fiefdom . This victory was immortalised in the Lay of the Cid . During his rule , he converted nine mosques into churches and installed the French monk Jérôme as bishop of the See of Valencia . El Cid was killed in July 1099 while defending the city from an Almoravid siege .",
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              "id": "570d6bb6b3d812140066d8c2_s",
              "question": "When did Elsie die?",
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              "original_question": "When did El Cid die?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8107_s",
          "context": ". The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria .",
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              "question": "Who was the leader of Byzantium in the battle of yaruke?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Heraclius",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13839_s",
          "context": ", Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania , and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries . The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly -LRB- BA -RRB- and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers -LRB- BCM -RRB- . Nordic-Baltic Eight -LRB- NB-8 -RRB- is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark , Estonia , Finland , Iceland , Latvia , Lithuania , Norway and Sweden . Nordic-Baltic Six -LRB- NB-6 -RRB- , comprising Nordic-Baltic countries that are European Union member states , is a framework for meetings on EU related issues . Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989 . Annual summits take place , and in addition meetings are organised on all possible levels : speakers , presidiums , commissions , and individual members . The Nordic Council of Ministers has an office in Tallinn with a subsidiary in Tartu and information points in Narva , Valga and Pärnu . Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus and mobility programmes for business and industry and for public administration .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728be824b864d1900164d41_s",
              "question": "When did parliamentary cooperation between the Baltic Sea Parliament and the Nordic Council begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 736
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council start?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2999_s",
          "context": "In 1898 . -LSB- N 23 -RSB- The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I , and were flown both unmanned and manned -LRB- Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge -RRB- in the period from 1907 -- 1912 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was eating a swan when he crashed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Selfridge",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was on Cygnet I when it crashed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12213_s",
          "context": "On December 8 , in western Belarus , and signed the Belavezha Accords . They also invited other republics to join the CIS . Gorbachev called it an unconstitutional coup . However , by this time there was no longer any reasonable doubt that , as the preamble of the Accords put it , as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality , is ceasing its existence . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the leader's secret meeting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Belarus",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the secret meeting of the leaders?"
            }
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          "context": "On 16 April 1973 , Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a `` Popular Revolution '' in a Zuwarah speech . He initiated this with a 5-point plan , the first point of which dissolved all existing laws , to be replaced by revolutionary enactments . The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed , while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie . The fourth point announced that the population must form People 's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution , while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of `` poisonous '' foreign influences . He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya , Egypt , and France .",
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              "question": "Where is Gaddafi talking about the people's revolution with Libya and France?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Egypt",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11944_s",
          "context": ", Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement . , for example , William Knibb , a prominent British Baptist missionary , worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies -LRB- which took place in 1838 -RRB- . Knibb also protagonised the creation of `` Free Villages '' ; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land . Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves ; for example , was formed by Baptist missionaries . At the same time , during and after slavery , slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where did William knibb work to free slaves?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the British West Indies",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did William Knibb work toward the emancipation of slaves?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14872_s",
          "context": "However , for his part , Hayek found this term `` singularly unattractive '' and offered the term `` Old Whig '' -LRB- a phrase borrowed from Edmund Burke -RRB- instead . In his later life , he said , `` I am becoming a Burkean Whig . '' However . His essay has served as an inspiration to other liberal-minded economists wishing to distinguish themselves from conservative thinkers , Too , Am Not a Conservative : The Normative Vision of Classical Liberalism '' .",
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              "question": "Who gave Hayek his proposed alternative to liberalism?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Edmund Burke",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From whom did Hayek acquire the term he proposed as an alternative to libertarian?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9647_s",
          "context": "In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of \"trademark\", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or not at all, in member states. Pursuant to TRIPs, any sign which is \"capable of distinguishing\" the products or services of one business from the products or services of another business is capable of constituting a trademark.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265a52708984140094c365_s",
              "question": "When was the TRIPS Agreement ratified?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1994",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7747_s",
          "context": "Several states have never had capital punishment , the first being Michigan , which abolished it shortly after entering the Union . -LRB- However , the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan . -RRB- Article 4 . Attempts to change the provision have failed . In 2004 .",
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              "id": "571007ebb654c5140001f75a_s",
              "question": "When did Michigan's constitutional amendment fail to pass, allowing the death penalty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was there a failed Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8180_s",
          "context": "In 1870 , fed by the Queen 's seclusion . A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria 's removal , and Radical MPs spoke against her . In August and September 1871 , she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm , which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray . In late November 1871 , at the height of the republican movement , the disease that was believed to have killed his father , and Victoria was fearful her son would die . As the tenth anniversary of her husband 's death approached , her son 's condition grew no better . To general rejoicing , he pulled through . , and republican feeling subsided .",
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              "question": "Where is the meeting to meet Queen Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trafalgar Square",
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              "original_question": "Where was a rally calling for Queen Victoria's removal held? "
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          "context": ". Eventually after leaving the White House , he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks . , when his gallbladder was removed , containing 16 gallstones . After Eisenhower 's death in 1969 -LRB- see below -RRB- , an autopsy unexpectedly revealed an adrenal pheochromocytoma , a benign adrenaline-secreting tumor that may have made the President more vulnerable to heart disease .",
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              "question": "When did Eisenhower die?",
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                  "text": "1969",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Eisenhower die?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7613_s",
          "context": "During her grandfather 's reign , Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne , behind her uncle Edward , Prince of Wales , and her father , the Duke of York . Although her birth generated public interest , she was not expected to become queen , as the Prince of Wales was still young , and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own . When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII , she became second-in-line to the throne , after her father . , after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis . Consequently , Elizabeth 's father became king , and she became heir presumptive . If her parents had had a later son , she would have lost her position as first-in-line , as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession .",
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              "question": "When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1936",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13112_s",
          "context": "This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession . The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick -LRB- 1697 -RRB- . , because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif -LRB- a kind of foreign province of the king of France -RRB- . Strasbourg Cathedral , however , was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could -LRB- some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands -RRB- . Its language also remained overwhelmingly German : the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution . Famous students included Goethe and Herder .",
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              "id": "5727dd9c4b864d1900163ecd_s",
              "question": "When did the Treaty of reswick recognize the annexation of France?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1697",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11097_s",
          "context": "Sometimes overlooked during his life , James Lind , a physician in the British navy , performed the first scientific nutrition experiment in 1747 . , a deadly and painful bleeding disorder . , an estimated two million sailors had died of scurvy . , after which British sailors became known as `` limeys . '' .",
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              "question": "When was the first nutritional trial conducted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1747",
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              "original_question": "When was the first nutrition experiment performed?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10534_s",
          "context": "Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382 . Instead , he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg , who was 11 years old . The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim , and the result was an internal war . Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád . Both palaces were rebuilt and improved , and were considered the richest of the time in Europe . Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire , Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary , but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire , which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century .",
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              "question": "Who is Louis calling his heirs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sigismund of Luxemburg",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who did Louis name as his heir?"
            }
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          "context": "The preludes , many of which are very brief -LRB- some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure -RRB- . The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group , and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces , or even to music by other composers , as Kenneth Hamilton suggests , in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5 .",
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              "question": "Who suggested that Chopin and the prelude could not play together?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kenneth Hamilton",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8157_s",
          "context": "Internationally . , who were related by marriage through the Coburgs . In 1843 and 1845 . When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844 , he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign . Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848 , and fled to exile in England . At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848 . Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support , and the scare died down without any major disturbances . , but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism .",
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              "question": "Who was the first French king to Visit Queen Victoria?",
              "answers": [
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was the first French king to visit Queen Victoria? "
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        {
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          "context": ". , allowing Eurostar services to begin . , high-speed trains link St. Pancras International with Lille , Paris , Brussels and European tourist destinations via the High Speed 1 rail link and the Channel Tunnel . The first high-speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London . , North West England , and Yorkshire .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the local high-speed train connecting London and Kent start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2009",
                  "answer_start": 261
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              "original_question": "When did local high speed rail service that linked London and Kent begin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5304_s",
          "context": "Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages . , `` If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed -LSB- in the 18th century -RSB- , they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities '' . Also , contrary to common belief , David Lindberg writes , `` the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free -LRB- particularly in the natural sciences -RRB- to follow reason and observation wherever they led '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who believes that medieval scholars were rarely required by the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Lindberg",
                  "answer_start": 365
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              "original_question": "Who argued that scholars in the Middle Ages were rarely coerced by the Church?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4740_s",
          "context": "/ , GI-nee-bi-SOW -RRB- : República da Guiné-Bissau , pronounced : -LSB- ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw -RSB- -RRB- , is a country in West Africa . It covers 36,125 square kilometres -LRB- 13,948 sq mi -RRB- with an estimated population of 1,704,000 .",
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              "question": "Where is Guinea Bissau?",
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              "original_question": "Where is Guinea-Bissau located?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3594_s",
          "context": ", David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25 , 2008 , just two days before ArenaBowl XXII . Baker explained , `` When I took over as commissioner , I thought it would be for one year . It turned into 12 . But now it 's time . ''",
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              "original_question": "Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8152_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 1882 , Roderick Maclean , shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station . , until he was hustled away by a policeman . , but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was `` worth being shot at -- to see how much one is loved '' .",
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              "original_question": "Who attempted to assassinate the Queen?"
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          "context": "During the English Civil War the majority of Londoners supported the Parliamentary cause. After an initial advance by the Royalists in 1642 culminating in the battles of Brentford and Turnham Green, London was surrounded by defensive perimeter wall known as the Lines of Communication. The lines were built by an up to 20,000 people, and were completed in under two months. The fortifications failed their only test when the New Model Army entered London in 1647, and they were levelled by Parliament the same year.",
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                  "text": "the New Model Army",
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              "original_question": "Who did the Lines of Communication wall fail to prevent from coming into London?"
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          "context": "Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE . The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda -LRB- Golla Konda - `` shepherd 's hill '' -RRB- . Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century , whose seat of power was at Warangal , 148 km -LRB- 92 mi -RRB- northeast of modern Hyderabad .",
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              "question": "When did the kalukiya Empire split into four?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Calukya empire split into four?"
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          "context": ". Oklahoma State University . Northeast of the city is Langston University , the state 's historically black college -LRB- HBCU -RRB- . Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city . Southern Nazarene University , which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene , is a university located in suburban Bethany .",
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              "question": "Where is the University of South Nazareth?",
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              "original_question": "Where is Southern Nazarene University located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2653_s",
          "context": "The Bingley Arms , is claimed to date to 905 AD . Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240 , although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War . Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton , is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251 , but the current building is dated 1631 . Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure .",
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              "original_question": "Where is Ye Olde Salutation Inn located?"
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          "context": "The third war of the Diadochi broke out because of the growing power and ambition of Antigonus . He began removing and appointing satraps as if he were king and also raided the royal treasuries in Ectabana , Persepolis and Susa , making off with 25,000 talents . Seleucus was forced to flee to Egypt and Antigonus was soon at war with Ptolemy , Lysimachus , and Cassander . He then invaded Phoenicia , laid siege to Tyre , stormed Gaza and began building a fleet . Ptolemy invaded Syria and defeated Antigonus ' son , Demetrius Poliorcetes , in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia , and the eastern satrapies . In 310 , Cassander had young King Alexander IV and his mother Roxane murdered .",
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              "question": "When was the battle in Gaza?",
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                  "text": "312 BC",
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              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Gaza?"
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          "context": "As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family , Brazilian administrative , civic , economical , military , educational , and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized . Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 the situation in Europe had cooled down sufficiently that João VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon . However , which started in Porto .",
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              "question": "When was Europe so cold that Joe VI was able to return safely to Lisbon?",
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                  "text": "1815",
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              "original_question": "By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon?"
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          "context": "The city 's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers . These include El Planeta -LRB- owned by the former publisher of The Boston Phoenix -RRB- . Siglo21 , with its main offices in nearby Lawrence , is also widely distributed .",
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              "original_question": "Where is the main office of Siglo21?"
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          "context": "Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season 's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo , who both encouraged fans to vote for him . However , on April 18 , Sanjaya was voted off .",
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              "original_question": "Which contestant was talked about more than any other this season?"
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          "context": "Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated . She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' , and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . , however , and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule , but to Victoria 's glee it was defeated . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
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              "question": "When did Gladstone resign?",
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              "original_question": "What year did Gladstone resign?"
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        {
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          "context": ", AutoZone and International Paper ; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group ; Eastman Chemical Company ; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company , based in Franklin ; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial ; and Unum .",
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              "question": "Where is Nissan's headquarters in the United States?",
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              "original_question": "Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?"
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          "context": "Developers also found the machine difficult to program for . , Gabe Newell of Valve said `` The PS3 is a total disaster on so many levels , I think it 's really clear that Sony lost track of what customers and what developers wanted '' . He continued `` I 'd say , even at this late date , they should just cancel it and do a do over . Just say , ` This was a horrible disaster and we 're sorry and we 're going to stop selling this and stop trying to convince people to develop for it ' '' . He later restated Valve 's position , `` Until we have the ability to get a PS3 team together , until we find the people who want to come to Valve or who are at Valve who want to work on that , I do n't really see us moving to that platform '' . At Sony 's E3 2010 press conference , Newell made a live appearance to recant his previous statements , citing Sony 's move to make the system more developer friendly , and to announce that Valve would be developing Portal 2 for the system . He also claimed that the inclusion of Steamworks -LRB- Valve 's system to automatically update their software independently -RRB- would help to make the PS3 version of Portal 2 the best console version on the market .",
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              "question": "When did Newell appear at Sony's EC3 press conference to take back his view of the PS3?",
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              "original_question": "What year did Newell show up at Sony's EC3 press conference to take back what he said about PS3?"
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        {
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          "context": "Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream , The Jimi Hendrix Experience , and The Jeff Beck Group . Cream , particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton . Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock , which combined elements of jazz , blues and rock and roll . , The Jeff Beck Group . Dave Davies of The Kinks , Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones , Pete Townshend of The Who , Hendrix , Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing , feedback and distortion . The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and , with the track `` Helter Skelter '' , attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who . , '' while Ian MacDonald argued that `` their attempts at emulating the heavy style were without exception embarrassing . ''",
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              "question": "When was the white album released?",
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              "original_question": "When did The White Album come out?"
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          "context": "Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point , often two or three packs a day . He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office . On September 24 , 1955 , he had a serious heart attack that required six weeks ' hospitalization , during which time Nixon , and Sherman Adams assumed administrative duties and provided communication with the President . He was treated by Dr. Paul Dudley White , a cardiologist with a national reputation , who regularly informed the press of the President 's progress . Instead of eliminating him as a candidate for a second term as President , his physician recommended a second term as essential to his recovery .",
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              "question": "Where does Eisenhower have the habit of smoking?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Eisenhower pick up the habit of smoking?"
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          "context": "The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs . , after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power . , Charles performed legally dubious actions , such as raising taxes without parliament 's approval . After the English Civil War , it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly , but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills . , Charles II withheld his assent from a bill `` for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia , '' suggesting that he , not parliament , should control the militia . The last Stuart monarch , Anne , similarly withheld on 11 March 1708 , on the advice of her ministers , her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland . No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament .",
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              "question": "When was the last time the Royal consent was passed?",
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          "context": ". , positioned for middle-up segment , enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan , followed by its second store in Jakarta . , meanwhile , enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group , creating what its called ` Lotte Shopping Avenue ' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex .",
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          "context": ". On March 25 , 1866 , a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas . Being completely caught off guard , Our Lady of Regla . General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs . The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church , instantly breaking it in half ; soon after , 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered . The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital . The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral . By April 1866 , the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio , Texas ; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces .",
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                  "text": "General Terrazas",
                  "answer_start": 190
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          "context": "Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (\"the awakened one\"). According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[note 1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving. Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths.",
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              "question": "When is the Buddha still alive?",
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                  "text": "between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE",
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              "original_question": "When was Buddha alive?"
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          "context": "In 1936, when Tito stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow, he met the Austrian comrade Lucia Bauer. They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased.",
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              "question": "Where is the lux hotel in Russia?",
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              "original_question": "Where is the Hotel Lux located in Russia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8092_s",
          "context": "The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem . Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain , the building seems to have been completed in 692 . This had led some historians , both medieval and modern , to suggest that the Dome of the Rock was built as a destination for pilgrimage to rival the Kaaba , which was under the control of Ibn al-Zubayr .",
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          "context": "By 1836 , the Duchess 's brother , who had been King of the Belgians since 1831 , hoped to marry his niece to his nephew , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . William IV , however , disapproved of any match with the Coburgs , second son of the Prince of Orange . According to her diary . After the visit she wrote ; his hair is about the same colour as mine ; his eyes are large and blue , and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth ; but the charm of his countenance is his expression , which is most delightful . '' , on the other hand , was `` very plain '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266dcf5951b619008f727b_s",
              "question": "Who is against Victoria marrying Albert or Kohlberg?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William IV",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who opposed Victoria marrying Albert, or any Coburg?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-256_s",
          "context": "Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1830"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3abf72ccc5a1400d82e03_s",
              "question": "When did Ulrich write the Chopin sonnet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14006_s",
          "context": "In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras -LRB- Estudiantinas -RRB- were active in Belgium . Today only a few groups remain : Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine -LRB- founded in 1904 -RRB- in Antwerp . Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belgium . She is also mandolin teacher and gives lessons in the music academies of Lier , Wijnegem and Brasschaat . She is now also professor mandolin at the music high school `` Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen '' . She also gives various concerts each year in different ensembles . She is in close contact to the Brasschaat mandolin Orchestra . Her site is www.gevoeligesnaar.be",
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            "bergen",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728abdeff5b5019007da425_s",
              "question": "Where were the Estonian people active in the early twentieth century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Belgium",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the Estudiantinas active in during the early 20th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-254_s",
          "context": ". Other film treatments have included : La valse de l'adieu -LRB- France ; Impromptu -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , starring Hugh Grant as Chopin ; La note bleue -LRB- 1991 -RRB- ; and Chopin : Desire for Love -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george sand",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3ad1d2ccc5a1400d82e28_s",
              "question": "Who played Chopin in the 1991 movie \"improvisation\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hugh Grant",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6510_s",
          "context": "Finally , Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible , and more efficient video compression technologies were developed , permitting desktop , or personal computer -LRB- PC -RRB- - based videoconferencing . In 1995 the first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place , linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town . , Japan , Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
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            "winter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b1c0c6b8089140040f717_s",
              "question": "When was the first public video conference held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the first public video-conference take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11403_s",
          "context": "The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites . The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship . The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003 . Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System . The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were : to give early warning signals of environmental disaster ; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria ; to assist in demographic planning ; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning ; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders .",
          "c_entity": [
            "27 september 2003",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e8e4708984140094d581_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 September 2003",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4998_s",
          "context": ", one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera . Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only , in both male and female roles . , Wuju -LRB- of Jinhua -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaoxing",
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            "shengzhou"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f992449e9bad19000a0af2_s",
              "question": "Where does Yueju Opera come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shengzhou",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Yueju originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17484_s",
          "context": "In 2007 , GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that `` left their mark on the history of gaming '' , citing its graphic , sound , and library of top-quality games . In 2015 , they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time , saying , citing the quality of the games and the console 's dramatic improvement over its predecessor , giving the SNES top marks with his heart , the NES with his head , and the PlayStation -LRB- for its controller -RRB- with his hands . GamingExcellence also gave the SNES first place in 2008 , declaring it `` simply the most timeless system ever created '' with many games that stand the test of time and citing its innovation in controller design , graphics capabilities , and game storytelling . At the same time , audio , controllers , and games . In 2009 , complimenting its audio and `` concentration of AAA titles '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5730b5f4069b5314008322a2_s",
              "question": "Who said SNES is \"the most eternal system ever\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "GamingExcellence",
                  "answer_start": 537
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said the SNES was \"simply the most timeless system ever created\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8158_s",
          "context": "On 14 January 1858 . The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government , and Palmerston resigned . Derby was reinstated as prime minister . , in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere . Derby 's ministry did not last long .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724e5bd0ba9f01400d97ba9_s",
              "question": "Who survived the assassination attempt of Italian refugee osini in 1858?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who survived an assasination attempt by the Italian refugee Orsini in 1858?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-23_s",
          "context": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934 . During his tenure at Notre Dame , he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus , instituted in 1883 . O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to `` acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate '' Notre Dame . He wrote , `` Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother . : ` Whether you eat or drink , or whatsoever else you do , do all for the glory of God , ' he included football . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "john francis o'hara",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57338a51d058e614000b5cf0_s",
              "question": "Who became the vice president of Notre Dame in 1933?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Father John Francis O'Hara",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which person became vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8329_s",
          "context": "`` Hellenistic '' is a modern word and a 19th-century concept ; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece . Although words related in form or meaning , e.g. Hellenist -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνιστής , Hellēnistēs -RRB- , have been attested since ancient times , who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus , i.e. History of Hellenism , coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander 's conquest . Following Droysen , Hellenistic and related terms , e.g. Hellenism , have been widely used in various contexts ; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold , where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "19th-century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802574b864d19001641fe_s",
              "question": "When did the word \"Hellenization\" originate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "19th-century",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The word \"Hellenistic\" was derived in what time period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15397_s",
          "context": ", his successor , Anwar Sadat , suggested that rather than a unified state , they create a political federation ; in doing so , Egypt , Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money . , Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger . Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya 's radical direction , and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1970",
            "april 1971",
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            "february 1972",
            "september 1973"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8f_s",
              "question": "When did the Federation implement it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1973",
                  "answer_start": 323
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the federation have to be implemented by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1668_s",
          "context": "Saint Barthélemy , a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs . Its capital is Gustavia -LSB- citation needed -RSB- , which also contains the main harbour to the island . It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time ; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars . Symbolism from the Swedish national arms , the Three Crowns , still appears in the island 's coat of arms . The language , cuisine , and culture , however , are distinctly French . The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christmas",
            "jan. 2011",
            "new year",
            "winter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57336480d058e614000b5a02_s",
              "question": "When is the busiest time to travel in Saint Bart?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the winter holiday season",
                  "answer_start": 590
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-417_s",
          "context": "On October 21 , 2008 , Apple reported that only 14.21 % of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods . At the September 9 , 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event . The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation , as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009 : `` We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone . '' Since 2009 , the company 's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market .",
          "c_entity": [
            "apple",
            "phil schiller",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd796762d2951400fa65ed_s",
              "question": "Who was Apple's chief financial officer in July 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter Oppenheimer",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chief Financial Officer of Apple in July of 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16928_s",
          "context": "In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vichy"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fca2d04bcaa1900d76d37_s",
              "question": "Who controlled Indochina in 1940s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vichy France",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who controled Indochina in 1940?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12343_s",
          "context": "Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie . To secure commercial publication in 1896 , Crane agreed to remove profanity , but he also made stylistic revisions . Bowers 's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896 . There were , however , intermediate cases that could reasonably have been attributed to either intention , and some of Bowers 's choices came under fire -- both as to his judgment , and as to the wisdom of conflating readings from the two different versions of Maggie .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279d21ff5b5019007d910e_s",
              "question": "When was Maggie printed for commercial purposes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1896",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "I what year was Maggie printed for commercial use?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9072_s",
          "context": "United States v. LaMacchia 871 F.Supp . 535 -LRB- 1994 -RRB- was a case decided by the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts which ruled that , committing copyright infringement for non-commercial motives could not be prosecuted under criminal copyright law . The ruling gave rise to what became known as the `` LaMacchia Loophole , so long as there was no profit motive involved .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d529dd62a815002e91a4_s",
              "question": "When was Lama cheya violated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was United States v. LaMacchia contested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7800_s",
          "context": "Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s , Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom . Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive , but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper , more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles . A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware , after which work began on programming tools . Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time , no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "nec",
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            "masayuki uemura"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571121f4b654c5140001fba7_s",
              "question": "Who was Nintendo's president then?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hiroshi Yamauchi",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Nintendo president at the time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10783_s",
          "context": ", there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject . This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandum , as there appeared a notice that Burke would soon publish a letter on the subject to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture , Arthur Young ; but he failed to complete it . These fragments were inserted into the memorandum after his death and published posthumously in 1800 as , Thoughts and Details on Scarcity . In it , Burke expounded `` some of the doctrines of political economists bearing upon agriculture as a trade '' . Burke criticised policies such as maximum prices and state regulation of wages , and set out what the limits of government should be :",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1795",
            "december",
            "1800"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b44edd62a815002e8d74_s",
              "question": "When were scarce ideas and details published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1800",
                  "answer_start": 444
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'Thoughts and Details on Scarcity' published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2761_s",
          "context": "The Science Museum Oklahoma (formerly Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex) houses exhibits on science, aviation, and an IMAX theater. The museum formerly housed the International Photography Hall of Fame (IPHF) that exhibits photographs and artifacts from a large collection of cameras and other artifacts preserving the history of photography. IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df62218bc80c19004e4b82_s",
              "question": "When did the international photography Hall of fame move?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16297_s",
          "context": "This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party , a political party ; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party . The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978 , when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment . , local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state . , voters ratified the constitution of the state , which was to be called New Columbia . , however , when the Washington .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two years later in 1980",
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            "1978",
            "1985",
            "seven-year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57304ae58ab72b1400f9c3f6_s",
              "question": "When is the movement closest to success?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the movement get closest to success?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10961_s",
          "context": ". It is among the oldest constitutions in the world . A new Constitution was adopted in 1999 , but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure . It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs , divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority . There are three main governing bodies on the federal level : the bicameral parliament -LRB- legislative -RRB- , the Federal Council -LRB- executive -RRB- and the Federal Court -LRB- judicial -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572791fc5951b619008f8dd2_s",
              "question": "When did Switzerland adopt a new constitution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a new Constitution adopted in Switzerland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2520_s",
          "context": "The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services , which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program . The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774 . However . , von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral . , the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593 . The MX-1593 program evolved to become the Atlas-A , becoming the first successful American ICBM . Its upgraded version , the Atlas-D rocket , would later serve as an operational nuclear ICBM and as the orbital launch vehicle for Project Mercury and the remote-controlled Agena Target Vehicle used in Project Gemini .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 11, 1957",
            "1955",
            "1950",
            "1951",
            "1947",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac275_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. Air Force begin to investigate ICBMs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8226_s",
          "context": "In Italy , Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge -LRB- a.k.a. P2 -RRB- . This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877 , as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges . Under Licio Gelli 's leadership , P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank . However , by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1877",
            "1970s",
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b29708984140094c559_s",
              "question": "When did big Oriental rent the propaganda house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1877",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12098_s",
          "context": ", with concepts of creation that conflicted with the findings of an emerging science seeking explanations congruent with the mechanical philosophy of René Descartes and the empiricism of the Baconian method . After the turmoil of the English Civil War . ; in his taxonomy , species were static and fixed , their adaptation and complexity designed by God , and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions . In God 's benevolent design , carnivores caused mercifully swift death , but the suffering caused by parasitism was a puzzling problem . The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan . In 1766 , such as horses and asses , or lions , tigers , and leopards , might be varieties descended from a common ancestor . , but by the 1780s geologists assumed a much older world . Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas , anticipating uniformitarianism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carl linnaeus",
            "georges buffon",
            "protestant reformation",
            "john ray",
            "james hutton",
            "ussher",
            "royal society"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727740ff1498d1400e8f88e_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the biological classification in 1735?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carl Linnaeus",
                  "answer_start": 605
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created a biological classification in 1735?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18538_s",
          "context": "The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive , in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 . German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets and the western front with the Allies . The British wanted Berlin , but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin , and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit . The British backed down , but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons . Washington refused to support Churchill 's plan to use Eisenhower 's army for political maneuvers against Moscow . The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt . The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a very large-scale bloody battle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 1944",
            "previously",
            "early 1945",
            "may 7, 1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324da80fdd8d15006c6941_s",
              "question": "When did the battle of bulge begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 1944",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Battle of the Bulge begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18264_s",
          "context": "In 2002 , a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional , even when students were not compelled to recite it , due to the inclusion of the phrase `` under God . '' In reaction to the case , Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow , both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge , and condemning the panel 's ruling . The case was appealed to the Supreme Court , solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue . Rather , a five-justice majority held that Newdow , a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter , lacked standing to sue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
            "june 2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731d073b9d445190005e58a_s",
              "question": "When did the three judges decide?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the three judge panel make their ruling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3547_s",
          "context": "The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age.",
          "c_entity": [
            "cai lun"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e746fc00c9c71400d76f19_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the paper production process?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cai Lun",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with the papermaking process?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1507_s",
          "context": "China : The torch returned to China for the first time since April . The torch arrived in Sanya , Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee -LRB- IOC -RRB- officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan . The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 4",
            "april"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9779ddc89441400fdb4d0_s",
              "question": "When will the torch return to China after leaving in April?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 4",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8444_s",
          "context": ". Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars , with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801 . During the Revolution , the National Convention voted to abolish slavery in February 1794 . Under the terms of Amiens , however . The resulting Law of 20 May never applied to colonies like Guadeloupe or Guyane , even though rogue generals and other officials used the pretext of peace as an opportunity to reinstate slavery in some of these places . The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies , not slavery itself . Although the French managed to capture Toussaint Louverture , the expedition failed when high rates of disease crippled the French army . In May 1803 , the last 8000 French troops left the island and the slaves proclaimed an independent republic that they called Haïti in 1804 . Seeing the failure of his colonial efforts , instantly doubling the size of the U.S. . The selling price in the Louisiana Purchase was less than three cents per acre , a total of $ 15 million .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leclerc",
            "napoleon",
            "louisiana territory",
            "toussaint louverture"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268141f1498d1400e8e20e_s",
              "question": "Who was the actual ruler of San Domingo in 1801?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Toussaint Louverture",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Who was the de facto ruler of Saint-Domingue in 1801?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16557_s",
          "context": "In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a \"red flag\". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains that drives must compete with each other within living beings. The most fit creature would be the one whose pains are well balanced. Those pains which mean certain death when ignored will become the most powerfully felt. The relative intensities of pain, then, may resemble the relative importance of that risk to our ancestors (lack of food, too much cold, or serious injuries are felt as agony, whereas minor damage is felt as mere discomfort). This resemblance will not be perfect, however, because natural selection can be a poor designer. The result is often glitches in animals, including supernormal stimuli. Such glitches help explain pains which are not, or at least no longer directly adaptive (e.g. perhaps some forms of toothache, or injury to fingernails).",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard dawkins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"the greatest show on earth: evidence of evolution\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dawkins",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote \"The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8795_s",
          "context": "At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors . This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary , who , working with the designer Sir Charles Allom , although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873 . Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery , modestly known as the Principal Corridor , which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle . It has mirrored doors , and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton . The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery , with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "late",
            "1920s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261935ec44d21400f3d8ce_s",
              "question": "When was the paint door shipped from Brighton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2777_s",
          "context": "One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it.",
          "c_entity": [
            "i. m. pei"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df720156340a1900b29b73_s",
              "question": "Who designed the bridge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "I. M. Pei",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the bridge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-228_s",
          "context": "During 1824 , at a number of locales . -LSB- n 4 -RSB- In 1824 and 1825 , at Szafarnia , he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski , the father of a schoolmate . Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music . His letters home from Szafarnia -LRB- to which he gave the title `` The Szafarnia Courier '' -RRB- , written in a very modern and lively Polish .",
          "c_entity": [
            "warsaw",
            "szafarnia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d2211ae7d4791d00902695_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin spend his holidays in 1824 and 1825?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Szafarnia",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2988_s",
          "context": "Until the end of his life , Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes , but Beinn Bhreagh would , over the next 30 years , become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened . -LSB- N 22 -RSB- The Bells were still in residence at Beinn Bhreagh when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6 , 1917 . Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beinn bhreagh",
            "baddeck",
            "halifax"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa545231d4119001abc3d_s",
              "question": "Where do the clocks of Halifax explosion live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beinn Bhreagh",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Bells live when the Halifax Explosion happened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17378_s",
          "context": "Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture \"On the Different Methods of Translation\" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move \"the writer toward [the reader]\", i.e., transparency, and those that move the \"reader toward [the author]\", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1813"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57306625396df919000960e6_s",
              "question": "When did schleiermach give a speech on different translation methods?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1813",
                  "answer_start": 247
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture \"On the Different Methods of Translation\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18059_s",
          "context": "The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century . The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule . Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style , that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "martorana",
            "norman",
            "roger ii",
            "cappella palatina"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573169afa5e9cc1400cdbf32_s",
              "question": "Who inherited the Byzantine mosaic tradition?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Norman kings",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who adopted the Byzantine mosaic tradition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18654_s",
          "context": "By contrast , white protagonist , Sherman McCoy . A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Courthouse . However , times change , and in 2007 . '' In the same article . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york times",
            "al sharpton",
            "tom wolfe",
            "sherman mccoy",
            "deegan expressway"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326dbc0fdd8d15006c6add_s",
              "question": "Who is the main character of bonfire of nothingness?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sherman McCoy",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8950_s",
          "context": ". The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter . At the same time , the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1958",
            "5 may 1958",
            "july 1961",
            "three years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572924e26aef051400154a9e_s",
              "question": "When was the complaint dismissed by the Hessian government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1961",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8406_s",
          "context": "The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service , which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself , the defining institution of the Greek world . Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal . The Cyrenaics meanwhile , embraced hedonism , arguing that pleasure was the only true good . Stoicism , founded by Zeno of Citium , taught that virtue was sufficient for eudaimonia as it would allow one to live in accordance with Nature or Logos . Zeno became extremely popular . Hellenistic philosophy , had a significant influence on the Greek ruling elite . , who had studied in the lyceum . This can also be said of the Roman upper classes , were Stoicism was dominant .",
          "c_entity": [
            "demetrius",
            "antiochus",
            "cicero",
            "marcus aurelius",
            "diogenes",
            "aristotle",
            "cleomenes iii",
            "zeno of citium",
            "plato",
            "antigonus ii gonatas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261589ec44d21400f3d89e_s",
              "question": "Who founded stoicism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeno of Citium",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded Stoicism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13031_s",
          "context": "Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators . For much of American history , the dominant notion of the rule of law , in this setting , has been some version of A. V. Dicey 's : `` no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or goods except for a distinct breach of law established in the ordinary legal manner before the ordinary Courts of the land . '' That is , individuals should be able to challenge an administrative order by bringing suit in a court of general jurisdiction . As the dockets of worker compensation commissions , public utility commissions and other agencies burgeoned , it soon became apparent that letting judges decide for themselves all the facts in a dispute -LRB- such as the extent of an injury in a worker 's compensation case -RRB- would overwhelm the courts and destroy the advantages of specialization that led to the creation of administrative agencies in the first place . Even Charles Evans Hughes , a Chief Justice of the United States , believed `` you must have administration , and you must have administration by administrative officers . '' By 1941 , a compromise had emerged . If administrators adopted procedures that more-or-less tracked `` the ordinary legal manner '' of the courts , further review of the facts by `` the ordinary Courts of the land '' was unnecessary . That is . '' Thus Dicey 's rule of law was recast into a purely procedural form .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1941",
            "day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d29d2ca10214002d9760_s",
              "question": "When was a compromise reached on the administrative procedure of legal proceedings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1941",
                  "answer_start": 1186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a compromise reached over administrative procedures for law determination?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7611_s",
          "context": "From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George. Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign. The Queen also possesses royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, and elsewhere.",
          "c_entity": [
            "21 april 1944"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fca425ab6b81900390fef_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth start wearing the Royal uniform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "21 April 1944",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13262_s",
          "context": "The Bengali Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Bengal region of India during the period of British rule dominated by English educated Bengali Hindus . -- 1833 -RRB- and ended with Rabindranath Tagore -LRB- 1861 -- 1941 -RRB- , although many stalwarts thereafter continued to embody particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output of the region . Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers , scholars , literary giants , journalists , patriotic orators , and scientists , all merging to form the image of a renaissance , and marked the transition from the ` medieval ' to the ` modern ' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rabindranath tagore",
            "raja ram mohan roy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c4de4b864d1900164da5_s",
              "question": "Who says the sport is over?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rabindranath Tagore",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom was it said the the movement ended?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6467_s",
          "context": ". The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District , was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria . Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties , about two fifths of its original area , although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire . Today the county borders Cumbria to the north , Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east ; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west . The county palatine boundaries remain the same -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights , including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lancashire",
            "liverpool",
            "duke of lancaster",
            "cartmel"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ad47c4103511400d59a4c_s",
              "question": "Who exercises sovereignty over Lancashire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Duke of Lancaster",
                  "answer_start": 570
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who exercises sovereignty rights for Lancashire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9906_s",
          "context": ", elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee , moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire : that of Indian independence . India 's two major political parties -- had been campaigning for independence for decades , but disagreed as to how it should be implemented . , whereas the League , fearing domination by the Hindu majority , desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions . When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent , the newly appointed -LRB- and last -RRB- Viceroy , hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947 . The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan . Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa , and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives . Burma , which had been administered as part of the British Raj , and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948 . India , while Burma chose not to join .",
          "c_entity": [
            "indian national congress",
            "labour",
            "muslim league",
            "clement attlee",
            "mountbatten",
            "royal indian navy",
            "commonwealth"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572689dbdd62a815002e889a_s",
              "question": "Who elected the British government in 1945?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clement Attlee",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the British government elected in 1945?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8236_s",
          "context": "With successive Persian rule , the region , was gradually developing back into urban society , largely dominated by Judeans . The Greek conquests largely skipped the region without any resistance or interest . Incorporated into Ptolemaic and finally Seleucid Empires , building the tensions between Judeans and Greeks . The conflict erupted in 167 BCE with the Maccabean Revolt , which succeeded in establishing an independent Hasmonean Kingdom in Judah , which later expanded over much of modern Israel , as the Seleucids gradually lost control in the region .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b4ef38643c19005acb95_s",
              "question": "Who dominates society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Judeans",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who dominated the society?"
            }
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11135_s",
          "context": "Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health . It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis . Since nutrients are invisible , policy makers rely on nutrition experts to advise on food choices . Because science has an incomplete understanding of how food affects the human body , nutritionism can be blamed for many of the health problems relating to diet in the Western World today .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael pollan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572710d0f1498d1400e8f2ed_s",
              "question": "Who initially claimed that the concept of nutrition was born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gyorgy Scrinis",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is originally claimed to have given birth to the concept of nutritionism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-74_s",
          "context": "In 2011 , documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi . Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts ; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund .",
          "c_entity": [
            "minute",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be99b53aeaaa14008c913e_s",
              "question": "When was it reported that Beyonce appeared on Gaddafi's surface?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year was reports about Beyonce performing for Muammar Gaddafi surface?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10634_s",
          "context": "In 1663 at the Archbishop of Canterbury 's residence , Lambeth Palace , a Gothic hammerbeam roof was built to replace that destroyed when the building was sacked during the English Civil War . , some discrete Gothic details appeared on new construction at Oxford University and Cambridge University , notably on Tom Tower at Christ Church , Oxford , by Christopher Wren . It is not easy to decide whether these instances were Gothic survival or early appearances of Gothic revival .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d2ce5951b619008f7f18_s",
              "question": "When was the Gothic hammer roof of the Archbishop of Canterbury installed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 1663",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof installed on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12458_s",
          "context": "In October 2015 . Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions , and can be selected as reds , whites , or a mixture of both . From the wines chosen , such as a `` True Grit '' wine , to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279399708984140094e162_s",
              "question": "Who fought bravely?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Wayne",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in True Grit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7253_s",
          "context": "The city had surrendered without a fight to the invading Moors -LRB- Berbers and Arabs -RRB- by 714 AD , and the cathedral of Saint Vincent was turned into a mosque . Abd al-Rahman I , the first emir of Cordoba , ordered the city destroyed in 755 during his wars against other nobility , Abdullah , had a form of autonomous rule over the province of Valencia . Among his administrative acts he ordered the building of a luxurious palace , the Russafa , on the outskirts of the city in the neighbourhood of the same name . So far no remains have been found . Also at this time Valencia received the name Medina al-Turab -LRB- City of Sand -RRB- . When Islamic culture settled in , Valencia , then called Balansiyya , due to a booming trade in paper , silk , leather , ceramics , glass and silver-work . , the Baños del Almirante bath house , Portal de Valldigna street and even the Cathedral and the tower , El Micalet -LRB- El Miguelete -RRB- , which was the minaret of the old mosque .",
          "c_entity": [
            "714 ad",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d512ab3d812140066d6aa_s",
              "question": "When did Valencia surrender to the moors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by 714 AD",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Valencia surrender to the Moors?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16144_s",
          "context": "In central portions of the U.S. , tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer . The Appalachian region and the Midwest experience the worst floods , though virtually no area in the U.S. is immune to flooding . ; one is thought to have lasted over 500 years and to have hurt Ancestral Pueblo peoples . The West is affected by large wildfires each year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlantic",
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            {
              "id": "572ed039c246551400ce46d6_s",
              "question": "Where is the most frequent tornado on earth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "central portions of the U.S.",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10357_s",
          "context": "In October 2014 , the trial of six senior staff and journalists at The Sun newspaper began . All six were charged with conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office . , who faced six charges . The trial related to illegal payments allegedly made to public officials , with prosecutors saying the men conspired to pay officials from 2002 -- 11 , including police , prison officers and soldiers . They were accused of buying confidential information about the Royal Family , public figures and prison inmates . They all denied the charges . On 16 January 2015 . On 21 January 2015 , the jury told the court that it was unable to reach unanimous verdicts on any of the outstanding charges and was told by the judge , Richard Marks , that he would accept majority verdicts . Shortly afterwards , one of the jurors sent a note to the judge and was discharged . The judge told the remaining 11 jurors that their colleague had been `` feeling unwell and feeling under a great deal of pressure and stress from the situation you are in '' , and that under the circumstances he was prepared to accept majority verdicts of `` 11 to zero or 10 to 1 '' . On 22 January 2015 , the jury was discharged after failing to reach verdicts on the outstanding charges . The Crown Prosecution Service -LRB- CPS -RRB- announced that it would seek a retrial .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b9ba708984140094cf48_s",
              "question": "Who is the judge of this case?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Marks",
                  "answer_start": 719
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the judge in this particular case?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16696_s",
          "context": "A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994 , as well as a program of state property privatisation . Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management , including increasing revenue collection , improving the investment climate , and making strides against corruption . However , unemployment , still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 1994",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd240a23a5019007fca41_s",
              "question": "When will Armenia introduce the right to foreign investment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1994",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10752_s",
          "context": "Burke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton (and others) initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing. Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1757"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269fcddd62a815002e8b50_s",
              "question": "When was the second edition of Burke's book published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1757",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14169_s",
          "context": "Most of the postwar 's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris ; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou -LRB- 1977 -RRB- ; President François Mitterrand , the Musée du quai Branly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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            "1986",
            "1983-1989",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c5bc4b864d1900164dc6_s",
              "question": "When was the George Pompidou Center established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16239_s",
          "context": "The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861 . The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas . This period is also significant because it marked the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1854",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f403e04bcaa1900d767d8_s",
              "question": "When did the civilian population begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the civil was begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12287_s",
          "context": "Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world 's largest television networks , record label companies , broadcasting companies and production facilities , such as Telemundo , TeleFutura , Galavisión , Mega TV , Univisión , Univision Communications , Inc. , Universal Music Latin Entertainment , RCTV International and Sunbeam Television . In 2009 , Univisión announced plans to build a new production studio in Miami , dubbed ` Univisión Studios ' . , and will produce programming for all of Univisión Communications ' television networks .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8206111d821400f38b80_s",
              "question": "When did univisi2oblob3 announce the establishment of a studio in Miami?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Univisión announce it was building a production studio in Miami?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1460_s",
          "context": "Greece : On March 24 , 2008 , the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia , Greece , site of the ancient Olympic Games . The actress Maria Nafpliotou , in the role of a High Priestess , ignited the torch of the first torchbearer , who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer . Following the recent unrest in Tibet , three members of Reporters Without Borders , the head of Beijing 's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia , Greece . The People 's Republic of China called this a `` disgraceful '' attempt to sabotage the Olympics . On March 30 , 2008 in Athens , during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games , demonstrators shouted ` Free Tibet ' and unfurled banners ; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention . After the hand-off , protests continued internationally , with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "luo xuejuan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8d8d0dc89441400fdb333_s",
              "question": "Who lit the Olympic torch first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maria Nafpliotou",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who initially lit the Olympic Torch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3313_s",
          "context": ". Harvard University , the nation 's oldest institute of higher education . Its business , medical , dental . Harvard has plans for additional expansion into Allston . The Massachusetts Institute of Technology -LRB- MIT -RRB- . Tufts University , a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to both a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e152d7cd28a01900c677c9_s",
              "question": "Where does Harvard want to expand?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Allston",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Harvard plan to expand to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8806_s",
          "context": "During World War I , the palace , escaped unscathed . Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ . The King imposed rationing at the palace , much to the dismay of his guests and household . To the King 's later regret , David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol , to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class . The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence . In 1938 , the north-west pavilion , was converted into a swimming pool .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5725f5ca271a42140099d37f_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded the king to close the cellar during the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Lloyd George",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7635_s",
          "context": "From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ffadea58dae1900cd67a5_s",
              "question": "Who designed a 10 scale for people who want to have sex?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Magnus Hirschfeld",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13114_s",
          "context": "During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg , the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army . The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg . On 24 and 26 August 1870 , the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire , as was the Municipal Library housed in the Gothic former Dominican church , rare Renaissance books , archeological finds and historical artifacts . , the theatre , the city hall , the court of justice and many houses . At the end of the siege 10,000 inhabitants were left without shelter ; over 600 died , including 261 civilians , including 1,100 civilians .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f8794b864d19001640e9_s",
              "question": "When did the art gallery burn down?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "24 and 26 August 1870",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What date was the Museum of Fine Arts destroyed by fire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-29_s",
          "context": "Because of its Catholic identity , a number of religious buildings stand on campus . The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr . , which became too small for the growing college . It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France . The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori , an Italian painter invited by Fr . The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon . The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes , which was built in 1896 , is a replica of the original in Lourdes , France . It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation , and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573398164776f41900660e24_s",
              "question": "Who painted the interior of Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luigi Gregori",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14188_s",
          "context": ", Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport . The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790 , but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity . : Paris became a department in itself , and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d7cc2ca10214002da935_s",
              "question": "When was the Sean Department founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1790",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Siene department created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7947_s",
          "context": "Like most parts of the United States , government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives -LRB- allowing citizens to pass or reject laws -RRB- , referenda -LRB- allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed -RRB- , and propositions -LRB- allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people -RRB- . Federally , Seattle is part of Washington 's 7th congressional district . Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "ed murray",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a2b2410f8ca1400304f2c_s",
              "question": "Who is the current mayor of Seattle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ed Murray",
                  "answer_start": 451
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the present mayor of Seattle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15998_s",
          "context": "The Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin . In the beginning of the Han , Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins . , who abolished private minting . In 182 BC .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572f90a604bcaa1900d76a84_s",
              "question": "Who shut down the mint?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Gaozu",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who closed the government mint?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-236_s",
          "context": ". , had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England ; Albert Grzymała , who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "samson",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbf5106d243a140015ee19_s",
              "question": "Who is frcosto 233d233's trusted advisor in Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Grzymała",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2283_s",
          "context": "Schwarzenegger 's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world , which meant becoming Mr. Olympia . His first attempt was in 1969 , when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva . However , making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56de81a14396321400ee299b_s",
              "question": "When was Schwarzenegger's first attempt to win the title of Mr. Olympia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1969",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Schwarzenegger first try to win the Mr. Olympia title?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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          "context": "All Greeks were united , however , in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire , regardless of the dialect they spoke . Especially in Crete . , Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia 's side , but Greece was too poor , and too concerned of British intervention , to officially enter the war . Nevertheless , in 1881 , Thessaly and small parts of Epirus were ceded to Greece as part of the Treaty of Berlin , while frustrating Greek hopes of receiving Crete .",
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              "question": "When did the Berlin treaty come into being?",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?"
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          "context": "Britain had successful tested a new HAA gun , 3.6-inch , in 1918 . ; this gun was used both on mobile carriages with the field army and transportable guns on fixed mountings for static positions . At the same time the Royal Navy adopted a new 4.5-inch -LRB- 114 mm -RRB- gun in a twin turret , which the army adopted in simplified single-gun mountings for static positions , mostly around ports where naval ammunition was available . However , the performance of both 3.7 and 4.5-in guns was limited by their standard fuse No 199 .",
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              "question": "When was the successful test of the 3.6-inch HAA weapon?",
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              "original_question": "When was the successful test of the 3.6-inch HAA gun?"
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          "context": "In 1853 , Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . , Beatrice , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control . For example .",
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              "question": "When did Victoria have her own children?",
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              "original_question": "When did Victoria give birth to her eigth child?"
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          "context": "Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century . When the church was demolished in the 19th century , the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia . It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s .",
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              "question": "Who got the 13th mosaic? Purchased in the 17th century by the Church of San sipriano?",
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                  "text": "Frederick William IV of Prussia",
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              "original_question": "Who purchased the 13th century mosaic from the the San Cipriano Church?"
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          "context": "Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven , with Julia Roberts , with Uma Thurman , Cate Blanchett and Shia LaBeouf . The filming of Crystal Skull involved an extensive chase sequence through the streets of New Haven . Several downtown streets were closed to traffic and received a `` makeover '' to look like streets of 1957 , when the film is set . 500 locals were cast as extras for the film . , Robert De Niro has a close encounter in what is supposed to be the Denver train station ; the scene was filmed in New Haven 's Union Station .",
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              "question": "When was the New Haven Street redesigned as a crystal skull like movie?",
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              "original_question": "What year were the streets of downtown New Haven redesigned to resemble for the filming of the Crystal Skull?"
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          "context": "-- 1952 -RRB- modified James ' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism . The role of sense experience in Dewey 's theory is crucial , in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated . Dewey 's basic thought . Therefore . The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically , in physical sciences as in ethics . Thus , ideas in Dewey 's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori .",
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              "question": "When did Dewey die?",
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              "original_question": "When did Dewey die?"
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          "context": "Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto 's voyage of 1455 , and Diogo Cão . , setting up the foundations of modern Angola , some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau .",
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              "original_question": "When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?"
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          "context": ". In 1995 YSMI was renamed to YSMU and since 1989 it has been named after Mkhitar Heratsi , the famous medieval doctor .",
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              "question": "Who founded the Armenian medical school in Silesia, Armenia?",
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                  "text": "Mkhitar Heratsi",
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia?"
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          "context": ". The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City 's newest casino . The Borgata opened in July 2003 , and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city .",
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              "question": "When did Borgata open?",
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              "original_question": "When did The Borgata open?"
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          "context": "In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard . , Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society , serving until 1903 , and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations , including photography , in the magazine . The French government conferred on him the decoration of the Légion d'honneur -LRB- Legion of Honor -RRB- ; the University of Würzburg , Bavaria , granted him a PhD . -- 92 .",
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              "question": "When was bell no longer president of the National Geographic Society?",
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              "original_question": "When did Bell cease to be President of the National Geographic Society?"
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          "context": ". During the whaling era . Most of the whalers were Norwegian , with an increasing proportion of Britons . The settlements included Grytviken , Leith Harbour , King Edward Point , Stromness , Husvik , Prince Olav Harbour , Ocean Harbour and Godthul . Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often lived together with their families . Among them was the founder of Grytviken , Captain Carl Anton Larsen , a prominent Norwegian whaler and explorer who , along with his family , adopted British citizenship in 1910 .",
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              "question": "When did researcher Carl antonlarson become a British citizen?",
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              "original_question": "When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?"
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          "context": "Robert of Ketton 's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable , Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete , was the first into a Western language -LRB- Latin -RRB- . , George Sale produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English . All these translators were non-Muslims . There have been numerous translations by Muslims . The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published translations of the Quran in 50 different languages besides a five-volume English commentary and an English translation of the Quran .",
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              "question": "When was the first time that the Koran was translated into Spanish?",
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              "original_question": "In which year was the Quran first translated into a Western language?"
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          "context": "The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs . , after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power . During the eleven years of personal rule that followed , such as raising taxes without parliament 's approval . After the English Civil War , it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly , but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills . In 1678 , and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days , '' suggesting that he , not parliament , should control the militia . The last Stuart monarch , Anne , similarly withheld on 11 March 1708 , on the advice of her ministers , her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland . No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament .",
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              "question": "Who was the last monarch to use Royal approval in 1708?",
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                  "text": "Anne",
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              "original_question": "Who was the last monarch to use the royal assent in 1708?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4937_s",
          "context": "A second strategic personality from American diplomatic and military circles, Alfred Thayer Mahan, concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, commented in 1902:",
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              "question": "Who is a member of the U.S. diplomatic and military community?",
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                  "text": "Alfred Thayer Mahan",
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              "original_question": "Who was a member of American diplomatic and military circles?"
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    {
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          "context": ", Hulagu Khan , grandson of Genghis Khan , established the Ilkhanate in Iran . In 1370 , yet another conqueror , Timur , followed the example of Hulagu . , Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan , reportedly killing 70,000 citizens . The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians , choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian .",
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              "question": "When did Timur establish Timur empire in Iran?",
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              "original_question": "Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?"
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          "context": "International reactions to Gaddafi 's death were divided . , '' while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was `` proud '' of his country 's role in overthrowing `` this brutal dictator '' . Contrastingly , Gaddafi would `` enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations '' , a revolutionary and a martyr . '' , praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance . Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa , for instance , a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone . , Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship , and that he was `` a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa . '' The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi , this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was `` martyr or villain . ''",
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              "question": "Who is proud of overthrowing Gaddafi's government?",
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              "original_question": "Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?"
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          "context": "On April 26 , 1496 King John I Albert granted the Privilege of Piotrków -LRB- Polish : `` Przywilej piotrkowski '' , `` konstytucja piotrkowska '' or `` statuty piotrkowskie '' -RRB- , increasing the nobility 's feudal power over serfs . It bound the peasant to the land , as only one son -LRB- not the eldest -RRB- was permitted to leave the village ; townsfolk -LRB- Polish : `` mieszczaństwo '' -RRB- were prohibited from owning land .",
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                  "text": "King John I Albert",
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              "original_question": "Who granted the privilege of Piotrkow?"
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          "context": "The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010 . The UN Secretary General , Ban Ki-moon , introduced her as `` an anchor for our age '' . During her visit to New York , which followed a tour of Canada , she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks . The Queen 's visit to Australia in October 2011 -- her sixteenth visit since 1954 -- was called her `` farewell tour '' in the press because of her age .",
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              "question": "Who was the Secretary General of the United Nations when Elizabeth addressed the United Nations?",
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              "original_question": "Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?"
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        {
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          "context": ", but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions . Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are . The Yale Class of 1954 , led by Richard Gilder , donated $ 70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion . , pledged a $ 250 million gift in 2013 to support of the construction of two new residential colleges .",
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              "question": "Who runs the charity in 1954?",
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              "original_question": "Who led the 1954 class in their large donation?"
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          "context": "Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup , the internal and external evaluation of Germany 's national image has changed . In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey , Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament . People in 20 different states assessed the country 's reputation in terms of culture , politics , exports , its people and its attractiveness to tourists , immigrants and investments . Another global opinion poll , for the BBC . A majority of 59 % have a positive view of the country , while 14 % have a negative view .",
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              "question": "When was the turning point of the German national brand index?",
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              "original_question": "What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18238_s",
          "context": "Jefferson 's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court . In Reynolds v. United States -LRB- 1879 -RRB- the Court wrote that Jefferson 's comments `` may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the -LSB- First -RSB- Amendment . '' , Justice Hugo Black wrote : `` In the words of Thomas Jefferson , the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state . ''",
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              "question": "When was the Reynolds case against the United States?",
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                  "text": "1879",
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              "original_question": "When was the case of Reynolds v. United States?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1285_s",
          "context": ", later known simply as `` Fantasia '' , at Top 8 was widely praised . Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists . Fantasia released as her coronation single `` I Believe '' , and DeGarmo released `` Dreams '' . Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist , who placed seventh , became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy .",
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              "question": "Who is second in season three for American Idol?",
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                  "text": "Diana DeGarmo",
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              "original_question": "Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-453_s",
          "context": ". For the trailers , three pieces were written by different composers . Michiru Ōshima created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions .",
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              "question": "Who adjusted the score for the orchestra?",
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                  "text": "Michiru Ōshima",
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              "original_question": "Who worked adapting the score for performance by an orchestra?"
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          "context": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame , and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university 's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis . By contrast , the Jesuit colleges , bastions of academic conservatism , were reluctant to move to a system of electives . Notre Dame continued to grow over the years , adding more colleges , programs , and sports teams . By 1921 . The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president .",
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              "question": "Who was a new dean of Notre Dame appointed in 191919?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Father James Burns",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 1919 a new president of Notre Dame was named, who was it?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4470_s",
          "context": "A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed . , Captain DonSette and his crew were killed . Similarly . The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft , which was a common practice . In 1857 , two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon . : 3",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the missionaries come to the Marshall Islands?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1857",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands?"
            }
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          "context": "The fire service , known as the Barun Yantra Karyalaya . An iron tower was erected to monitor the city and watch for fire . As a precautionary measure , firemen were sent to the areas which were designated as accident-prone areas . In 1944 , the fire service was extended to the neighboring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur . , a fire service was established in Kathmandu airport . , a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu 's fire service . The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization , the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal -LRB- FAN -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When did bactapur report to the fire brigade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1944",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Bhaktapur receive coverage from the fire department?"
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          "context": "Following the catastrophic events in Asia Minor , the monarchy was abolished via a referendum in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was declared . Premier Georgios Kondylis took power in 1935 and effectively abolished the republic by bringing back the monarchy via a referendum in 1935 . Although a dictatorship , Greece remained on good terms with Britain and was not allied with the Axis .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who became Greek leader in 1935?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Premier Georgios Kondylis",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the Greek leader in 1935?"
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          "context": "Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.",
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                  "text": "Elizabeth",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              "original_question": "Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?"
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          "context": "In the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed.",
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              "question": "Where does a typical Swiss Cottage come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Bernese Oberland",
                  "answer_start": 304
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2344_s",
          "context": "Schwarzenegger's autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called \"The Secret\" to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California.",
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              "question": "When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography published?",
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              "original_question": "When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14213_s",
          "context": "; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas , and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern . , there were three other active and competing opera houses : the Opéra-Comique -LRB- which still exists -RRB- , Théâtre-Italien , and Théâtre Lyrique -LRB- which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville -RRB- . Philharmonie de Paris , the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris , opened in January 2015 . Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées .",
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              "question": "When did the Paris Symphony Orchestra open?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "January 2015",
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              "original_question": "When did Philharmonie de Paris open?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3130_s",
          "context": ", also visiting Ascension Island and Walvis Bay , and occasionally voyaging north to Tenerife and Portland , UK . It berths in James Bay . The RMS Saint Helena was due for decommissioning in 2010 . However , its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed .",
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              "question": "When should Royal St. Helena be closed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 191
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              "original_question": "What year was the RMS Saint Helena supposed to be decommissioned?"
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          "context": "In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches , the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment . , `` The service is sung , even though there may be no choir , as in the early Church , singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found . '' This a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalms 150 , which states , Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord . Praise ye the Lord . In keeping with this philosophy , early Russian musika which started appearing in the late 17th century , in what was known as khorovïye kontsertï -LRB- choral concertos -RRB- made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces , such as the treatise , Grammatika musikiyskaya -LRB- 1675 -RRB- , by Nikolai Diletsky .",
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              "question": "Who wrote a popular Venice play in 1675?",
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                  "text": "Nikolai Diletsky",
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              "original_question": "Who composed a popular Venetian-styled piece in 1675?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10685_s",
          "context": ", written between 1511 -- 12 and published in 1532 . That work , as well as The Discourses , a rigorous analysis of the classical period , did much to influence modern political thought in the West . At any rate , whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end -- i.e. , the secure and powerful state . Thomas Hobbes , well known for his theory of the social contract , goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance . , they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual . It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order .",
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              "question": "Who is famous for his social contract theory?",
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                  "text": "Thomas Hobbes",
                  "answer_start": 320
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              "original_question": "Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?"
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          "context": "As the President , and maintained a lavish lifestyle . In Belgrade he resided in the official residence , the Beli dvor , and maintained a separate private home . The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on . The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik , and included a zoo .",
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              "question": "Who designed the national summer residence pavilion?",
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              "original_question": "Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?"
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          "context": "Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.",
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              "question": "When did Eisenhower take control of the eighth British army?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "February 1943",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?"
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          "context": "In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir , uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance . Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674 ; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period . The other two doors lead into the transept ; one , that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic , dates from the 14th century , the other is that of the Paláu . The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height . The 18th-century restoration rounded the pointed arches , covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars , and redecorated the walls . The dome has no lantern , its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows . There are four chapels on either side , besides that at the end and those that open into the choir , the transept , and the sanctuary . It contains many paintings by eminent artists . A silver reredos , which was behind the altar , was carried away in the war of 1808 , and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign . Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the Our Lady of the Forsaken -LRB- Virgen de los desamparados or Mare de Déu dels Desamparats -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who started the main church?",
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                  "text": "Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros",
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              "original_question": "Who started the construction of the main chapel?"
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          "context": "During the Middle Ages , Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars . The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution , alternating expulsions and returns , until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution . Although 75 % of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II , half the city 's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps , while some others fled abroad . A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s , and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today . There are currently 83 synagogues in the city ; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue , built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard , is a Paris landmark .",
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              "question": "Who built the marai District of the agodudas hakenziros synagogue?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hector Guimard",
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              "original_question": "Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17359_s",
          "context": "In 2004 , the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis , with 38.8 % of tested pregnant women infected with HIV -LRB- see AIDS in Africa -RRB- . The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought , land degradation , increased poverty , and HIV/AIDS . , Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment , defined as 80 % coverage or greater . Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70 % to 80 % of those infected . Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009 . Tuberculosis is also a significant problem , with an 18 % mortality rate . Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain , and 83 % are co-infected with HIV .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?"
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          "context": "The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:",
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              "original_question": "On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18533_s",
          "context": "In December 1943 -- not Marshall -- would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe . The following month , serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945 . He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord , the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany .",
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          "context": "The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997 . , such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution . , it said , were `` tired , divided and rudderless '' . , who had radically altered his party 's image and policies , noting the influence the paper could have over its readers ' political thinking .",
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              "original_question": "Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?"
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          "context": "Russia : On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg , Russia . The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km . Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers . This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame .",
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              "question": "Where is the first stop of the relay race in Russia?",
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              "original_question": "Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay?"
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          "context": ", the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia . , the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg . However , with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg . Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss , inaugurated in 1999 , which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world . Before that , the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building , the Palace of Europe , whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences . , Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte .",
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              "question": "When will Louis Weiss take office?",
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              "original_question": "When was Louise Weiss inaugurated?"
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          "context": "Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria 's president till 16 April 2011 , when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted . , having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast , which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast . The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud , in contrast to previous elections .",
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                  "text": "Goodluck Jonathan",
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              "original_question": "Who won the 2011 election?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3041_s",
          "context": ". The most popular was Punch , which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures . On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences ; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884 .",
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              "question": "When did Ellie slope first appear?",
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                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 305
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              "original_question": "When did Ally Sloper first appear?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15108_s",
          "context": "-- 1591 -RRB- , father of Galileo and the inventor of monody , made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems , firstly , of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments , and to volume of air in wind instruments ; and secondly to composition , by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna -LRB- Florence . The Italian word he used for `` experiment '' was esperienza . It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo , his eldest son -LRB- cf. Coelho , ed . Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei -RRB- , arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history . Vincenzo , through his tuning research , found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of ` Pythagoras ' hammers ' -LRB- the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals , not the actual numbers , as believed -RRB- , and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities , a radically empirical attitude developed , passed on to Galileo , which regarded `` experience and demonstration '' as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b345c111d821400f38dc9_s",
              "question": "When did Vincenzo Galilee die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1591",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Vincenzo Galilei die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1184_s",
          "context": "This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha, in all probability because the Magadhas at this time were not Brahmanised.[page needed] It was not until the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE that the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha became significant. Ideas that developed in Greater Magadha prior to this were not subject to Vedic influence. These include rebirth and karmic retribution that appear in a number of movements in Greater Magadha, including Buddhism. These movements inherited notions of rebirth and karmic retribution from an earlier culture[page needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "3rd centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d24c8bb329da140004ed1b_s",
              "question": "When did the expansion of Brahmanism begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2nd or 3rd centuries",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13113_s",
          "context": "Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war.",
          "c_entity": [
            "eulogius schneider"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f7313acd2414000df104_s",
              "question": "Who rules the city with an iron fist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eulogius Schneider",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled the city with an iron hand?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4405_s",
          "context": ", the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command . This meant , among other things , a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally . On 25 May 1944 , he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar -LRB- Operation Rösselsprung -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "balkans",
            "drvar",
            "bosnia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f725793d8e2e1400e3739d_s",
              "question": "Where did Tito avoid the Germans in 1944?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Drvar",
                  "answer_start": 279
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8980_s",
          "context": "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened . The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea . At the same time . Yugoslavia -- a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split -- was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece . The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone .",
          "c_entity": [
            "national security council",
            "united states",
            "united nations",
            "un security council",
            "truman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268e98708984140094ca02_s",
              "question": "Who believes that if the Korean problem is not solved, the Communist aggression will spread?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12703_s",
          "context": "On the other hand , the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas -LRB- ` Wars of the brotherhoods ' -RRB- , when leagues of peasants and burghers , with the support of a number of knights , noblemen , and under legal protection offered by the remote king , toppled many of the castles of the Kingdom and briefly drove the noblemen into Portugal and Castile . Soon after , in the late 15th century . , she initiated an administrative and political reform which the chronicler Jeronimo Zurita defined as `` doma del Reino de Galicia '' : ` It was then when the taming of Galicia began , because not just the local lords and knights , but all the people of that nation were the ones against the others very bold and warlike ' . These reforms , also brought most Galician monasteries and institutions under Castilian control , in what has been criticized as a process of centralisation . , an assembly of deputies or representatives of the cities of the Kingdom , to ask for monetary and military contributions . This assembly soon developed into the voice and legal representation of the Kingdom , and the depositary of its will and laws .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kingdom of galicia",
            "cortes",
            "isabella",
            "jeronimo zurita",
            "real audiencia del reino de galicia",
            "joanna la beltraneja"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b6123acd2414000dea49_s",
              "question": "Who calls the following reforms \"DOM del Reino de Galicia\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jeronimo Zurita",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The subsequent reforms were coined as \"doma del Reino de Galicia\" by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10511_s",
          "context": ". A diversity of architectural styles is represented ; Book and Snake , architect unknown but built in a Colonial style -LRB- constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century -RRB- , in a late colonial , early Victorian style -LRB- built in 1823 -RRB- . Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold . Building constructed in a mid-century modern style ; Scroll and Key - or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style -LRB- erected 1869 -- 70 -RRB- , in 1903 the second wing , 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed -RRB- , 1912 , designs inspired by Elizabethan manor . Current location , brick colonial , 1882 , the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style .",
          "c_entity": [
            "st. elmo",
            "kenneth m. murchison",
            "skull",
            "dan kniley",
            "richard morris hunt",
            "henry austin",
            "wolf",
            "berzelius",
            "louis r. metcalfe",
            "josef albers",
            "mace",
            "alexander jackson davis",
            "king lui-wu",
            "shabtai",
            "benedict arnold",
            "elihu",
            "yale",
            "manuscript society",
            "bertram grosvenor goodhue",
            "donn barber"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e7c7708984140094d56a_s",
              "question": "Who should the interior decoration of mace and chain buildings belong to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benedict Arnold",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-858_s",
          "context": "After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet authorities started a campaign of secularization, practicing Islam, Judaism, and Christianity was discouraged and repressed, and many mosques, churches, and synagogues were closed. As a consequence of the conflict and Soviet agriculture policies, Central Asia, Tajikistan included, suffered a famine that claimed many lives.",
          "c_entity": [
            "bolsheviks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733aa16d058e614000b5fb9_s",
              "question": "Who won the war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Bolsheviks",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8329_s",
          "context": "`` Hellenistic '' is a modern word and a 19th-century concept ; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece . Although words related in form or meaning , e.g. Hellenist -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνιστής , Hellēnistēs -RRB- , have been attested since ancient times , who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus , i.e. History of Hellenism . , Hellenistic and related terms , e.g. Hellenism , have been widely used in various contexts ; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold , where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "j. g. droysen",
            "matthew arnold",
            "alexander"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802574b864d1900164201_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about culture and anarchy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matthew Arnold",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5854_s",
          "context": "The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855 . The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures . , Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces ; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor . In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni . Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor ; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo . Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state , but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state . The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree . The state elected General Luis Terrazas , a liberal leader , as governor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 1859",
            "1858",
            "1861",
            "1855",
            "two months later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707171c9e06ca38007e93fb_s",
              "question": "When was the new constitution approved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1855",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year was the new constitution ratified?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16861_s",
          "context": "The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius supporters and entered the city. Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire.",
          "c_entity": [
            "88 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ff5d8947a6a140053ce85_s",
              "question": "When did Marius and sur start fighting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "88 BC",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-219_s",
          "context": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris . Thereafter , during the last 18 years of his life , he gave only some 30 public performances , preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon . He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano , for which he was in high demand . Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries , including Robert Schumann . In 1835 he obtained French citizenship . After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska , from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand . -- 39 was one of his most productive periods of composition . In his last years , he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling . Through most of his life , Chopin suffered from poor health . He died in Paris in 1849 , probably of tuberculosis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "majorca",
            "scotland",
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce0d8662d2951400fa69e8_s",
              "question": "Where did he last live when he was 21?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did he end up living when he was 21?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8489_s",
          "context": "Napoleon maintained strict , efficient work habits , prioritizing what needed to be done . He cheated at cards , but repaid the losses ; he had to win at everything he attempted . He kept relays of staff and secretaries at work . Unlike many generals , Napoleon did not examine history to ask what Hannibal or Alexander or anyone else did in a similar situation . Critics said he won many battles simply because of luck ; Napoleon responded , `` Give me lucky generals , '' aware that `` luck '' comes to leaders who recognize opportunity , and seize it . Dwyer argues that Napoleon 's victories at Austerlitz and Jena in 1805-06 heightened his sense of self-grandiosity , leaving him even more certain of his destiny and invincibility . , however , Napoleon seems to have lost his verve . With crisis after crisis at hand , he rarely rose to the occasion . Some historians have suggested a physical deterioration , but others note that an impaired Napoleon was still a brilliant general .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1805-06",
            "1812"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e0f7708984140094d488_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon win at Austerlitz and Jena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1805-06",
                  "answer_start": 622
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " When did Napoleon win victories at Austerlitz and Jena?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8015_s",
          "context": ", primarily on the West Coast and in western territories . Following the Reconstruction era , as blacks set up independent farms , white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor . In 1882 , the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed . , some Chinese married into the black and mulatto communities , as generally discrimination meant they did not take white spouses . They rapidly left working as laborers . They worked to get their children educated and socially mobile .",
          "c_entity": [
            "west coast",
            "south",
            "u.s.",
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571df47eb64a571400c71e24_s",
              "question": "Where do most Chinese come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "primarily on the West Coast and in western territories",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did most Chinese men enter the US?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17445_s",
          "context": ", known as `` the Wise '' , struggled for power with his brothers . A son of Vladimir the Great , he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father 's death in 1015 . Subsequently , his eldest surviving brother , killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev . , with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Viking mercenaries . Although he first established his rule over Kiev in 1019 . Like Vladimir , especially the Byzantine Empire . , France , Hungary and Norway . , Russkaya Pravda ; built Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev and Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod ; patronized local clergy and monasticism ; and is said to have founded a school system . , which functioned in Kievan Rus ' as an ecclesiastical academy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eupraxia",
            "henry iii",
            "prince of kiev",
            "vladimir the great",
            "holy roman emperor",
            "yaroslav",
            "svyatopolk",
            "vsevolod",
            "kievan rus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731320605b4da19006bce89_s",
              "question": "Who is Jaroslaw's father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir the Great",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Yaroslav's father?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16797_s",
          "context": "Originally , every electronic component had wire leads , and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each component . The components ' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace . This method of assembly is called through-hole construction . In 1949 , Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko of the United States Army Signal Corps developed the Auto-Sembly process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil interconnection pattern and dip soldered . With the development of board lamination and etching techniques . Soldering could be done automatically by passing the board over a ripple , or wave , of molten solder in a wave-soldering machine . However , the wires and holes are wasteful since drilling holes is expensive and the protruding wires are merely cut off .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949",
            "today",
            "1956"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302364b2c2fd1400568928_s",
              "question": "When was the automobile assembly process established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Auto-Sembly process created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11742_s",
          "context": ", when Rayleigh and Jeans -LRB- on the one hand -RRB- and Einstein -LRB- on the other hand -RRB- independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum . These proofs are commonly known as the `` ultraviolet catastrophe '' , a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911 . They contributed greatly -LRB- along with Einstein 's work on the photoelectric effect -RRB- to convincing physicists that Planck 's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism . The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to `` the theory of radiation and quanta '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1911",
            "1905",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572929766aef051400154b02_s",
              "question": "When did Paul Ehrenfest come up with the name UV disaster?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Paul Ehrenfest come up with the name \"ultraviolet catastrophe\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10140_s",
          "context": "Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law. Although federal courts can create federal common law in the form of case law, such law must be linked one way or another to the interpretation of a particular federal constitutional provision, statute, or regulation (which in turn was enacted as part of the Constitution or after). Federal courts lack the plenary power possessed by state courts to simply make up law, which the latter are able to do in the absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law. Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1938"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572cb5de750c471900ed4ce1_s",
              "question": "When did the Erie doctrine come into force for Tompkins?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins put into effect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12196_s",
          "context": "On October 24 , the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations ' representatives . On October 26 , twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities ' unwillingness to prosecute those responsible . From October 26 -- 28 , and on October 27 the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating the special status of party and other official organizations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "earth",
            "ukraine",
            "lviv"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821f52ca10214002d9e9f_s",
              "question": "Where is the strike?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lviv",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the strikes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8183_s",
          "context": "Napoleon III , since the Crimean War Britain 's closest ally , visited London in April 1855 . Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris . , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert",
            "napoleon iii",
            "exposition universelle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725600a69ff041400e58c48_s",
              "question": "Who is Britain's next ally after the Crimean War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Britains's closest ally following the Crimean War?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-564_s",
          "context": "Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media , especially in comparison with Myanmar 's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis , as well as China 's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake . , `` This is the first time -LSB- that -RSB- the Chinese media has lived up to international standards '' . Los Angeles Times praised China 's media coverage of the quake of being `` democratic '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "los angeles times",
            "peking university"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d61fc11c85041400946f26_s",
              "question": "Who praised China's reporting as democratic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Los Angeles Times",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who praised Chinese media coverage as being democratic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10786_s",
          "context": "In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives . Burke 's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke `` was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles '' but because Burke wrote with so much passion , people were doubtful of his arguments . , a political opponent of Burke , and made it `` a test of the sense and candour of any one belonging to the opposite party , whether he allowed Burke to be a great man '' . , but by the early nineteenth century he had changed his mind and came to admire Burke . He later revised his poem The Prelude to include praise of Burke -LRB- `` Genius of Burke ! forgive the pen seduced/By specious wonders '' -RRB- and portrayed him as an old oak . : he had criticised Burke in The Watchman , but in his Friend -LRB- 1809 . Later . He was a scientific statesman ; and therefore a seer '' . : '' ... all his predictions , save one momentary expression , had been more than fulfilled : anarchy and bloodshed had borne sway in France ; conquest and convulsion had desolated Europe ... the providence of mortals is not often able to penetrate so far as this into futurity '' . ; and almost every prophecy has been strictly fulfilled '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "henry brougham"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db4_s",
              "question": "Who thinks Burke predicted the consequences of the French Revolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philip Francis",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought Burke was prophetic about the French revolution's consequences?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11930_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with John Smyth as its pastor . Three years earlier , Cambridge , he had broken his ties with the Church of England . Reared in the Church of England , he became `` Puritan , English Separatist , and then a Baptist Separatist , '' and ended his days working with the Mennonites . He began meeting in England with 60 -- 70 English Separatists , in the face of `` great danger . '' The persecution of religious nonconformists in England led Smyth to go into exile in Amsterdam with fellow Separatists from the congregation he had gathered in Lincolnshire , separate from the established church -LRB- Anglican -RRB- . Smyth and his lay supporter , together with those they led . In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "christ's college",
            "thomas helwys"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572792345951b619008f8ddd_s",
              "question": "Who was the First Baptist priest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Smyth",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the pastor of the earliest Baptist church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11746_s",
          "context": "Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913 . In classical electrodynamics , a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation . If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus , the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus . : an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En",
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            "niels bohr"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57292e181d04691400779129_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the first quantitative model of atom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Niels Bohr",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the first quantized model of the atom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1305_s",
          "context": "In the first major change to the judging panel , a fourth judge , Kara DioGuardi , was introduced . The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and was also extended to two weeks . Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kara dioguardi",
            "nigel lythgoe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3793a59d6e414001464c1_s",
              "question": "Who was accepted as a new judge by American Idol in the eighth season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kara DioGuardi",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8377_s",
          "context": ". Large numbers of his coins have been found in India , and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western Punjab . Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II , likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I . In about 155 -LRB- or 165 -RRB- BC he seems to have been succeeded by the most successful of the Indo-Greek kings , and seems to have been a great patron of the religion . He also expanded the kingdom further east into Punjab , though these conquests were rather ephemeral .",
          "c_entity": [
            "demetrius",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75c_s",
              "question": "Who is on the side of apodotus I?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antimachus II",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3942_s",
          "context": "In 2007 , RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries . ... We 're way behind the rest of Europe -- even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country . So let 's see minimum space standards for all new homes , '' said RIBA president Jack Pringle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "today",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e77e8d00c9c71400d771bb_s",
              "question": "When did the Royal Society push for a floor for new housing in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Royal Institute promote setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18681_s",
          "context": "Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns . Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound , authoritarian society such as -LRB- they believed -RRB- existed in the Middle Ages . Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists , have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature , which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human . `` Humanism fabricates the human as much as it fabricates the nonhuman animal '' , turning the human into what he calls `` a placeholder for a range of attributes that have been considered most virtuous among humans -LRB- e.g. rationality , altruism -RRB- , rather than most commonplace -LRB- e.g. hunger , anger -RRB- '' . Nevertheless , anti-humanism thus frequently `` secretes a humanist rhetoric '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "timothy laurie",
            "jean-françois lyotard",
            "t. e. hulme",
            "ezra pound",
            "kate soper",
            "michel foucault",
            "t. s. eliot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57328842b9988014000c7666_s",
              "question": "Who was the humanitarian opponent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ezra Pound",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one early naysayer of Humanism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7824_s",
          "context": "In an ethnic sense , an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe . For roughly a thousand years , the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe , despite living in many countries , with little inflow or outflow from migration , conversion , or intermarriage with other groups , including other Jews . Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews , but not in the general European population , be they for patrilineal markers -LRB- Y-chromosome haplotypes -RRB- and for matrilineal markers -LRB- mitotypes -RRB- . However , from the University of Huddersfield in England , suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe , probably as a consequence of conversion . , many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried , both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of huddersfield",
            "the middle of the 20th century",
            "2013",
            "thousand years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a64754faf5e1900b8a97a_s",
              "question": "When was Ashkenazim a reproductive isolated group in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "For roughly a thousand years",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "For what period of time were the Ashkenazim a reproductively isolated population in Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15348_s",
          "context": "When Richard was five years old , his mother gave birth to a younger brother , but this brother died at four weeks of age . Four years later , Richard gained a sister , Joan , and the family moved to Far Rockaway , Queens . Though separated by nine years , Joan and Richard were close , as they both shared a natural curiosity about the world . Their mother thought that women did not have the cranial capacity to comprehend such things . Despite their mother 's disapproval of Joan 's desire to study astronomy , Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe . Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "richard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e7de1dfa6aa1500f8d036_s",
              "question": "Who drove Joan to explore the universe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the one that pushed Joan to explore the universe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13869_s",
          "context": "Oskar Luts was the most prominent prose writer of the early Estonian literature , who is still widely read today , especially his lyrical school novel Kevade -LRB- Spring -RRB- . In modern times . , who uses elements of Estonian folklore and mythology , deforming them into absurd and grotesque .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jaan kaplinski",
            "oskar luts",
            "andrus kivirähk",
            "truth and justice",
            "jaan kross",
            "anton hansen tammsaare",
            "tõnu õnnepalu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d78e4b864d1900164f44_s",
              "question": "Who is the most famous prose writer in early Estonian history?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oskar Luts",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most famous prose writer in early Estonian history?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8297_s",
          "context": "The Israel Defense Forces is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Cabinet. The IDF consist of the army, air force and navy. It was founded during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by consolidating paramilitary organizations—chiefly the Haganah—that preceded the establishment of the state. The IDF also draws upon the resources of the Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman), which works with Mossad and Shabak. The Israel Defense Forces have been involved in several major wars and border conflicts in its short history, making it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1948"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725cbf3271a42140099d1f3_s",
              "question": "When was the IDF established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the IDF founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3656_s",
          "context": ", a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently . The urban adult contemporary format -LRB- a term coined by Barry Mayo -RRB- usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B -LRB- without any form of rapping -RRB- , gospel music , classic soul and dance music -LRB- including disco -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "barry mayo",
            "hot ac"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb96_s",
              "question": "Who invented the word \"urban adult model\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barry Mayo",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the term \"urban adult contemporary format\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8157_s",
          "context": "Internationally , Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain . She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans , who were related by marriage through the Coburgs . , she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy . When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844 , he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign . , and fled to exile in England . , Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House . Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support , and the scare died down without any major disturbances . , but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1848",
            "1843",
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            "1845"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722d1770dadf01500fa1f06_s",
              "question": "When did Louis Philippe visit the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1844",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Louis Philippe visit England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6521_s",
          "context": "During the period between 1582 , when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar , and 1923 , when the last European country adopted it , for example , `` 10/21 February 1750/51 '' , where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date . Even before 1582 , the year sometimes had to be double dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries . Woolley -- 1608/9 -RRB- , notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers `` customarily '' used `` two dates '' on their letters , one OS and one NS .",
          "c_entity": [
            "julian",
            "woolley",
            "john dee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570afbdf6b8089140040f679_s",
              "question": "Who says that British writers use both data in their writing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Woolley",
                  "answer_start": 470
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17152_s",
          "context": "In 1941 , Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , and established the Persian Corridor , a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war . The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regimes in the nation ; the Azerbaijan People 's Government , and the Republic of Mahabad . As the Soviet Union refused to relinquish the occupied Iranian territory , which particularly resulted in the dissolution of both puppet states , and the withdrawal of the Soviets .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730132eb2c2fd1400568813_s",
              "question": "When was Reza Shah forced to leave Iran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1941",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6416_s",
          "context": "This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger, more \"militarized\" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to Escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war and was the hull design chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers. CAM ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range German aircraft.",
          "c_entity": [
            "royal navy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a9dde6d058f1900183002_s",
              "question": "Who did the light fleet aircraft carrier designed by Britain in 1941 serve during the war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Royal Navy",
                  "answer_start": 938
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8148_s",
          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , in 1840 . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1840",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572431470ba9f01400d97b73_s",
              "question": "When did Queen Victoria get married?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1840",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Queen Victoria get married?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8332_s",
          "context": ", but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus -LRB- 301 -RRB- . Another important source , Plutarch 's -LRB- c. 50 -- c. 120 -RRB- Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality , outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures . Appian of Alexandria -LRB- late first century CE-before 165 CE -RRB- wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hieronymus",
            "diodorus siculus",
            "polybius",
            "bce",
            "plutarch"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ba4d89a1e219009abd88_s",
              "question": "Who wrote parallel life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Plutarch",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Parallel Lives?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2114_s",
          "context": "Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a \"line-item veto\" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2aeacffd8e1900b4b5f6_s",
              "question": "When was Clinton ruled against New York by the Supreme Court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 220
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16052_s",
          "context": ", soprano Maria Callas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kostis palamas",
            "dionysios solomos",
            "jannis kounellis",
            "odysseas elytis",
            "nikos skalkottas",
            "vangelis",
            "joannis avramidis",
            "nikolaos gyzis",
            "yannoulis chalepas",
            "panagiotis doxaras",
            "angelos sikelianos",
            "nikos engonopoulos",
            "nana mouskouri",
            "constantine p. cavafy",
            "iannis xenakis",
            "eleni karaindrou",
            "giorgos seferis",
            "yannis tsarouchis",
            "dimitri mitropoulos",
            "nikos kazantzakis",
            "constantine andreou",
            "manos hatzidakis",
            "mikis theodorakis",
            "yannis ritsos",
            "dominikos theotokopoulos",
            "maria callas",
            "alexandros papadiamantis",
            "georgios bonanos",
            "nikiphoros lytras",
            "leonidas drosis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730969b396df919000961ce_s",
              "question": "Who sang in the high octave of the new Greek era?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "soprano Maria Callas",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sang in a voice that is in the high octave range from the Modern Greek Era ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10166_s",
          "context": "A major battleground , Burma was devastated during World War II . , Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed . Wingate 's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines . A similar American unit , Merrill 's Marauders . , allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945 . The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting . Overall , the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma . Only 1,700 prisoners were taken .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1943",
            "late 1944",
            "march 1942",
            "august 1942"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a3d7f1498d1400e8e5bc_s",
              "question": "When did Japan's Provisional Rule end in Burma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the end of Japanese rule in July 1945",
                  "answer_start": 387
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10441_s",
          "context": "Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th century, toxic chemicals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead were being applied to crops to kill pests. In the 17th century, nicotine sulfate was extracted from tobacco leaves for use as an insecticide. The 19th century saw the introduction of two more natural pesticides, pyrethrum, which is derived from chrysanthemums, and rotenone, which is derived from the roots of tropical vegetables. Until the 1950s, arsenic-based pesticides were dominant. Paul Müller discovered that DDT was a very effective insecticide. Organochlorines such as DDT were dominant, but they were replaced in the U.S. by organophosphates and carbamates by 1975. Since then, pyrethrin compounds have become the dominant insecticide. Herbicides became common in the 1960s, led by \"triazine and other nitrogen-based compounds, carboxylic acids such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "paul müller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c1d1dd62a815002e8f9f_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for DDT as an insecticide?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Müller",
                  "answer_start": 762
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can be credited with finding out DDT is useful as an insecticide?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5790_s",
          "context": "House also had an influence of relaying political messages to people who were considered to be outcasts of society. The music appealed to those who didn't fit into mainstream American society and was especially celebrated by many black males. Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like \"church for people who have fallen from grace\" The house producer Marshall Jefferson compared it to \"old-time religion in the way that people just get happy and screamin'\". Deep house was similar to many of the messages of freedom for the black community.",
          "c_entity": [
            "chicago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706ab2075f01819005e7cef_s",
              "question": "Where is the camping club?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where was the warehouse club located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9371_s",
          "context": "Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1928"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267186708984140094c637_s",
              "question": "When was Alvaro Obregon killed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 500
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Alvaro Obregon killed? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7831_s",
          "context": "According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm . So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem . Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elijah",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a76a610f8ca1400305057_s",
              "question": "Who noticed Ashkenazi Jews in Xi'an. Living in Jerusalem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rabbi Elijah of Chelm",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted that Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9458_s",
          "context": "The Nazis , attempted to unite all the people they claimed were `` Germans '' -LRB- Volksdeutsche -RRB- into one realm , including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe , many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands . This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland , Austria , Poland . The Swiss resisted the idea . They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "memel",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729508d3f37b31900478237_s",
              "question": "Who wants to unite the Germans in this area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Nazis",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4750_s",
          "context": "Luís Cabral , was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau . Following independence . Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations . One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã . , Portogole , and Mansabá .",
          "c_entity": [
            "luís cabral",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c76e9e9bad19000a04aa_s",
              "question": "Who is the first president of Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luís Cabral",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8337_s",
          "context": "The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC . Passing over his own son , Cassander . In 317 , Cassander invaded Macedonia , attaining control of Macedon , and his mother . In Asia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cassander",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725c00938643c19005acc59_s",
              "question": "Who sentenced Olympia to death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cassander",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sentenced Olympias to death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11882_s",
          "context": ", the final -LRB- including 8 replays -RRB- was held in a variety of locations , predominantly in London , and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace . It was played 22 times in the Oval -LRB- the inaugural competition in 1872 . After the Oval , broken up by 4 four replays elsewhere . ; and Oxford University 's Lillie Bridge in Fulham for the second ever final . The other venues used sparingly in this period were all outside of London , as follows :",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "1872",
            "1922",
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            "1920",
            "1914",
            "1895",
            "1892"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727862f5951b619008f8c51_s",
              "question": "When is the first year of the FA Cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the first year the Oval hosted the FA cup? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9328_s",
          "context": "Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists , such as Ready to Rumble ! , and the Santo film series . In the wildly popular Rocky series of films about the fictional boxer Rocky Balboa , Rocky III saw its hero fighting a `` boxer vs. wrestler '' exhibition match against the enormous and villainous wrestler `` Thunderlips '' . At least two stage plays set in the world of pro wrestling have been produced : The Baron is a comedy that retells the life of an actual performer known as Baron von Raschke . From Parts Unknown ... is an award-nominated Canadian drama about the rise and fall of a fictional wrestler . The 2009 South Park episode `` W.T.F. '' played on the soap operatic elements of professional wrestling . The 2008 film The Wrestler , about a washed-up professional wrestler , garnered several Oscar nominations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baron von raschke",
            "disney channel",
            "nacho libre",
            "mucha lucha",
            "hulk hogan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726783a5951b619008f73a4_s",
              "question": "Who is the movie the Baron said?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baron von Raschke",
                  "answer_start": 557
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the movie The Baron about? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3917_s",
          "context": "Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1834"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9b_s",
              "question": "When was the British Institute of architects founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1834",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11614_s",
          "context": "Medicine : Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture . , and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world . , which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery , including rhinoplasty , the repair of torn ear lobes , perineal lithotomy , cataract surgery , and several other excisions and other surgical procedures .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57271234f1498d1400e8f31e_s",
              "question": "Where is the Neolithic cemetery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pakistan",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the Neolithic graveyards?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14811_s",
          "context": ", news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri , Goseong , Gangwon Province , South Korea , which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia . `` No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before , the institute said , adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula '' . The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery , stone projectile points , and possible houses were also found . , researchers discovered prehistoric earthenware , jade earrings , among other items in the area '' . The research team will perform accelerator mass spectrometry -LRB- AMS -RRB- dating to retrieve a more precise date for the site .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a22271d046914007797ca_s",
              "question": "When did the Korean farm date?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "between 3600 and 3000 B.C.",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time period was the Korean farm site dated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14748_s",
          "context": "The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire 's territories on the European continent . It initiated the conquest of North Africa , with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517 . , Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire 's distant overseas territories began to decline . , building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France . The shipyard at Barrow , England .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1886",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a468aaf94a219006aa929_s",
              "question": "When did Egypt join the Ottoman Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1517",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Egypt was added to the Ottoman Empire in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10779_s",
          "context": "Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough , a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France -LRB- S.A.R. le comte d'Artois -RRB- , dated 23 October , requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government . : `` I am not in His Majesty 's Service ; or at all consulted in his Affairs '' . Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France , begun in October , where he said : `` I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France , one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners . La Vendée is a proof of this '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "23 october",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b1c0708984140094ce0f_s",
              "question": "When did Prince Charles Burke write it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 October",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Prince Charles write to Burke?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-380_s",
          "context": "In September 2007 . Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a `` plastic music box '' in 1981 , which he called the IXI . He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$ 120,000 worldwide patent , so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea .",
          "c_entity": [
            "apple",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce7ae2aab44d1400b887e9_s",
              "question": "Who is the holder of the previous patent of \"plastic music box\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kane Kramer",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the holder of the previous patent for the \"plastic music box\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7028_s",
          "context": "The political turmoil continued . John began to explore an alliance with the French king Philip II , freshly returned from the crusade . John hoped to acquire Normandy . John was persuaded not to pursue an alliance by his mother . Longchamp , now returned , and argued that he had been wrongly removed as justiciar . John intervened , including a reaffirmation of his position as heir to the throne . , John began to assert that his brother was dead or otherwise permanently lost . , who held him for ransom . John seized the opportunity and went to Paris , where he formed an alliance with Philip . He agreed to set aside his wife , and marry Philip 's sister , in exchange for Philip 's support . John 's military position was weak and he agreed to a truce ; in early 1194 the king finally returned to England , and John 's remaining forces surrendered . John retreated to Normandy . -- despite being 27 years old -- was merely `` a child who has had evil counsellors '' and forgave him , but removed his lands with the exception of Ireland .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c539bb3d812140066d10d_s",
              "question": "Who is John allied with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "French king Philip II",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did John explore an alliance with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13522_s",
          "context": "Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies . , for instance , the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners , who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster . However , royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent . In other nations , the governor-general merely signs the bill . , the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill .",
          "c_entity": [
            "australia",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803c04b864d190016422f_s",
              "question": "Where will the ceremony take place when the Lord Commissioner of England replaces the monarch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palace of Westminster",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Alternatively, when UK Lord Commissioners take the sovereign's place in the ceremony, where does the ceremony take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9889_s",
          "context": "The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies . Britain formally acquired the colony , following the invasion of the Netherlands by France . , and pushed thousands of Boers , resentful of British rule , northwards to found their own -- mostly short-lived -- independent republics . In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British , who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities , including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations . Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan -- 77 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267897dd62a815002e8634_s",
              "question": "When did the southern tip of Africa colonize?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1652",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the southern tip of Africa colonized?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-242_s",
          "context": "Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other , their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship . , and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt 's theatricality , showmanship and success . Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin 's Op. 10 Études , `` I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies . '' However , Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments , at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all , forcing an apology . Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other , although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as `` my friend Liszt '' . Some commentators point to events in the two men 's romantic lives which led to a rift between them .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3227259d6e4140014627f_s",
              "question": "Who apologized to Chopin for decorating a piece of music written by Chopin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Liszt",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who apologized to Chopin for adding embellishments to a musical piece he perforemed that was written by Chopin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14183_s",
          "context": ". It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments . It is also responsible for providing emergency services , including the Paris Fire Brigade . Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité . There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture , and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles , including police cars , motorcycles , fire trucks , boats and helicopters . In addition to traditional police duties , the local police monitors the number of discount sales held by large stores -LRB- no more than two a year are allowed -RRB- and verify that , during summer holidays , at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood . The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings , called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité -LRB- CRS -RRB- . Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5728d0f4ff5b5019007da72f_s",
              "question": "Where is the headquarters of the Paris police station?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité",
                  "answer_start": 226
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the headquarters for the Prefecture of Police of Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3077_s",
          "context": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world -LRB- 1577 -- 1580 -RRB- . Further visits by other English explorers followed , and , English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home . In developing their Far East trade , the Dutch also began to frequent the island . The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island , partly because they used ports along the West African coast , but also because of attacks on their shipping , the desecration of their chapel and religious icons , destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "francis drake",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02cb57aa994140058e2f9_s",
              "question": "Who could have found the island at the last stop of their trip?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who probably located the island on their final leg of their circumnavigation trip?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4766_s",
          "context": "Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation ; it averages 26.3 °C -LRB- 79.3 °F -RRB- . , the country experiences drought .",
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              "question": "When is Guinea Bissau warm?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "all year around",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is Guinea-Bissau warm?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17372_s",
          "context": ", the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies . The translator 's role is , however , by no means a passive , mechanical one , and so has also been compared to that of an artist . ... '' Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson 's remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet , while Homer himself used a bassoon .",
          "c_entity": [
            "samuel johnson",
            "terence",
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            "alexander pope",
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            {
              "id": "57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b6_s",
              "question": "Who noticed Alexander Pope playing Homer on his flagship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who remarked about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12837_s",
          "context": "Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty , but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han . Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu , who is sometimes called China 's greatest poet . During the An Lushan Rebellion -LRB- 755-763 -RRB- . The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "du fu",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5727b0563acd2414000de9cc_s",
              "question": "Who is the greatest poet in China, living in Chengdu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Du Fu",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was known as China's greatest poet and lived in Chengdu?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8484_s",
          "context": ", without religious ceremony . During the campaign in Egypt , holding discussions with Muslim scholars and ordering religious celebrations , revealed , the political reasons for such behaviour : `` We are fooling Egyptians with our pretended interest for their religion . -LSB- note 8 -RSB- In his memoirs . His religious opportunism is epitomized in his famous quote . It is by making myself Italian that I won minds in Italy . It is by making myself a Moslem that I established myself in Egypt . If I governed a nation of Jews . '' However , according to Juan Cole , `` Bonaparte 's admiration for the Prophet Muhammad , in contrast .",
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            {
              "id": "5726d8f6708984140094d372_s",
              "question": "Who believes that Bonaparte's worship of Muhammad is sincere?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Juan Cole",
                  "answer_start": 557
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that Bonaparte's admiration for Muhammad was sincere?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-758_s",
          "context": ", offers the reason for the novel 's enduring popularity and impact is that `` its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal '' . -- until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it '' exemplifies his compassion . She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell 's testimony . Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives . One writer remarks , '' ... -LSB- w -RSB- hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice , heartache and loss , it also carries with it a strong sense -LSB- of -RSB- courage , compassion , and an awareness of history to be better human beings . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who thinks Boy Scouts are more lonely than B. Redley?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mayella Ewell",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4671_s",
          "context": "Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0ffe_s",
              "question": "When is it important to have the skills to survive in the valley?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the medieval period",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys most important?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13603_s",
          "context": ", the billeting of FDPC fighters and their integration with FACA , the liberation of political prisoners , integration of FDPC into government , an amnesty for the UFDR , its recognition as a political party , and the integration of its fighters into the national army . Several groups continued to fight but other groups signed on to the agreement . , which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012 .",
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            "25 august 2012"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281922ff5b5019007d9d3d_s",
              "question": "When did the Communist Party finally sign the peace agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 August 2012",
                  "answer_start": 436
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-37_s",
          "context": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture , Chemistry & Physics , Engineering , Law , and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business , the Kellogg Institute for International Studies , the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies . A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015 . Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall , it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room . The library system holds over three million volumes , was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion , and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733adb64776f41900661002_s",
              "question": "Where is the Theological Library of Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the first floor of Stanford Hall",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the theology library at Notre Dame?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18653_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature . All of the characters in Herman Wouk 's City Boy , and about half of the action is set there . : Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical , a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II , and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue . , `` The Grand Concourse '' -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter . Similarly , an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood -LRB- Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse -RRB- , and learns that even though the folks are poor , Hispanic and African-American , they are good people .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jacob m. appel",
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              "id": "57326d86b9d445190005eb19_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"city boy: The Adventures of Herbie bubbender\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Herman Wouk",
                  "answer_start": 91
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder'?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8833_s",
          "context": "In 1906 , the tungsten filament was introduced . Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires . Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile . , a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten . The process required pressing tungsten powder into bars , then several steps of sintering , swaging , and then wire drawing . It was found that very pure tungsten formed filaments that sagged in use , and that a very small `` doping '' treatment with potassium , silicon , and aluminium oxides at the level of a few hundred parts per million greatly improved the life and durability of the tungsten filaments .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263203ec44d21400f3dc11_s",
              "question": "When was tungsten introduced?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1906",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the tungsten filament introduced?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9717_s",
          "context": "In 1999 , a Greatest Hits III album was released . This featured , among others , `` Queen + Wyclef Jean '' on a rap version of `` Another One Bites the Dust '' . A live version of `` Somebody to Love '' by George Michael and a live version of `` The Show Must Go On '' with Elton John were also featured in the album . By this point , Queen 's vast amount of record sales made them the second best selling artist in the UK of all time , behind the Beatles . , Queen were awarded the 2,207 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , Cape Town , to raise awareness of the spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa . , discussing how Africa 's problems might be approached .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c4905951b619008f7d9b_s",
              "question": "When was the Queen's third album released?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Queen's third greatest hits album released?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9110_s",
          "context": "The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again , in stages , during the 9th century . , while at the same time many Slavs were captured and re-settled in Asia Minor and those that remained were assimilated . During the 11th and 12th centuries the return of stability resulted in the Greek peninsula benefiting from strong economic growth -- much stronger than that of the Anatolian territories of the Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262cc0ec44d21400f3db9d_s",
              "question": "Where were the captured slaves moved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia Minor",
                  "answer_start": 254
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Slavs that were caught were moved to what area?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5871_s",
          "context": ", especially in Chihuahua . Luis Terrazas was confirmed by the people of Chihuahua to be governor of the state . But soon after the election . Canto was sentenced to death , but later his sentence changed to 10 years imprisonment . The sense of injustice gave rise to a new rebellion in 1869 that threatened the federal government . In response , but the governor of Chihuahua did not support this action . Hostilities continued to increase especially after the election of 1871 which was perceived to be fraudulent . A new popular leader arose among the rebels . The federal government was successful in quelling rebellions in Durango an Chihuahua . On July 18 , 1872 ; soon after , many of his supporters ceased the fighting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benito juárez",
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            {
              "id": "57071e049e06ca38007e9463_s",
              "question": "Who is confirmed as the president of the state of Chihuahua?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luis Terrazas",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was confirmed to be the president of the state of Chihuahua?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16414_s",
          "context": ", with the Charminar -- commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah -- coming to symbolise Hyderabad . Golconda fort is another major landmark . The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city 's distinctive cuisine , which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem . The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub , attracting men of letters from different parts of the world . Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century , with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent . While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence , due to the Telugu film industry , the country 's second-largest producer of motion pictures .",
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            {
              "id": "572efd6403f9891900756b2e_s",
              "question": "When did Hyderabad become culturally important in India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-19th century",
                  "answer_start": 518
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Hyderabad become important culturally in India?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3937_s",
          "context": "In 2004 , the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery -LRB- Room 128 -RRB- at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions , this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK . The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space -LRB- Room 128a -RRB- is used for temporary displays related to architecture . Both spaces were designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects . Under the Partnership new study rooms were opened where members of the public could view items from the RIBA and V&A architectural collections under the supervision of curatorial staff .",
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              "question": "Who designed rooms 128 and 128A of the V & a museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gareth Hoskins Architects",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed rooms 128 and 128a at the V&A Museum?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7013_s",
          "context": "In 1173 John 's elder brothers , backed by Eleanor . Eleanor , irritated by her husband 's persistent interference in Aquitaine . , but was generous to them in the peace settlement agreed at Montlouis . ; only Eleanor was imprisoned for her role in the revolt .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "570c4ce1b3d812140066d099_s",
              "question": "Who supports John's brother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eleanor",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who backed John's elder brothers?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2663_s",
          "context": "The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag , were regular meeting places of the Inklings , a writers ' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis . The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons ' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had `` discovered the secret of life '' after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA . The anecdote is related in Watson 's book The Double Helix . and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2bc_s",
              "question": "Where is the eagle bar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cambridge",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Eagle pub located?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-236_s",
          "context": ". His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory , Julian Fontana , had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England ; Albert Grzymała , often acted as Chopin 's adviser and `` gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in -LSB- his -RSB- life . '' Fontana was to become , in the words of Michałowski and Samson , Chopin 's `` general factotum and copyist '' .",
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              "question": "Where was Julian Fontana not founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "England",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Julian Fontana fail to get established?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-290_s",
          "context": ", but , his `` one worthy successor '' among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski -LRB- 1882 -- 1937 -RRB- . , among others , are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin 's use of national modes and idioms . , and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas , as well as numerous études and preludes . In the 20th century .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "heitor villa-lobos",
            "bohuslav martinů",
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            "darius milhaud",
            "alexander scriabin",
            "george crumb",
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            "chopin"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8_s",
              "question": "Who is Chopin's successor after Jones?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karol Szymanowski",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9126_s",
          "context": "Following the catastrophic events in Asia Minor , the monarchy was abolished via a referendum in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was declared . Although a dictatorship , Greece remained on good terms with Britain and was not allied with the Axis .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264784708984140094c141_s",
              "question": "When was the Greek monarchy abolished?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Greek Monarchy was abolished when?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10940_s",
          "context": "The toponym Schwyz itself is first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately perhaps related to suedan \"to burn\", referring to the area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the area dominated by the canton, and after the Swabian War of 1499 gradually came to be used for the entire Confederation. The Swiss German name of the country, Schwiiz, is homophonous to that of the canton and the settlement, but distinguished by the use of the definite article (d'Schwiiz for the Confederation, but simply Schwyz for the canton and the town).",
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              "id": "57276c675951b619008f89b2_s",
              "question": "When did the name Schwyz begin to be used throughout the Federation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "after the Swabian War of 1499",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what time did the name Schwyz begin to be used by the entire Confederation?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10007_s",
          "context": "Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of \"Live to Tell\". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia to urge all their members to boycott her concert. At the same time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide.",
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              "question": "When did the journey of repentance begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "May 2006",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Confessions Tour start?"
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          "context": "The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal protopriest is Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56df05323277331400b4d8c2_s",
              "question": "Who is the original priest of the cardinal?",
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                {
                  "text": "Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9217_s",
          "context": "This time they succeeded , and on 31 December 1600 , the Queen granted a Royal Charter to `` George , Earl of Cumberland , and 215 Knights , Aldermen , and Burgesses '' under the name . For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan . and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage . , a captain during the second voyage , led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610 .",
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              "question": "Who booked the second trip in 1604?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Henry Middleton",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the second  voyage in 1604?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5782_s",
          "context": "Deep house 's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers 's relatively jazzy ? '' -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . According to author Richie Unterberger , it moved house music away from its `` posthuman tendencies back towards the lush '' soulful sound of early disco music .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069c2652bb891400689add_s",
              "question": "When did Mr. finger \"feel it?\" Franco?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1986",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was mr. fingers' \"can you feel it?\" released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1963_s",
          "context": "The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called \"core capabilities\" (such as the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet – the C-130 Hercules – and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Armed Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dee117c65bf219000b3db1_s",
              "question": "When did the reconstruction work start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11557_s",
          "context": "Regarding the timing of German rapprochement , whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany , removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany . '' , association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain , and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin , his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany . -LSB- f -RSB- Likewise . The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany . '' , 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany , namely Molotov . , but that they did not abandon British -- French talks . Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany . -- French talks .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "derek watson",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dfa9708984140094d44d_s",
              "question": "Who believes that litvinov accelerated the negotiations between the Soviet Union and Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Derek Watson",
                  "answer_start": 688
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13591_s",
          "context": "; however . After gaining independence from France in 1960 , the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders . Ange-Félix Patassé became president .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2014",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572808ff4b864d19001642a6_s",
              "question": "When did the car become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1960",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did CAR become independent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-225_s",
          "context": "Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother , but his first professional music tutor , from 1816 to 1821 , was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny . , and occasionally played duets with her brother . It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy . By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts , and in 1817 he composed two polonaises , in G minor and B-flat major . His next work , a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 , dedicated to Żywny , is his earliest surviving musical manuscript .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf609aaab44d1400b89185_s",
              "question": "Who was Chopin's first piano teacher?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wojciech Żywny",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chopin's initial piano teacher?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4749_s",
          "context": "Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973 . Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lisbon",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c6b29e9bad19000a0499_s",
              "question": "Where did the coup take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Portugal",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did a coup take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15721_s",
          "context": "Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers . American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight , and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war . Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias , including those of Francis Marion , the `` Swamp Fox '' ; and Andrew Pickens . After the British left .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1783",
            "1780",
            "december 1782"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730261da23a5019007fce6f_s",
              "question": "When did general Clinton return to Charles Thorne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1780",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1485_s",
          "context": "Wary of protests , the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi , which are considered terrorist targets . Chinese intelligence 's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly ` vulnerable ' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing , Nirupama Sen. The Indian media responded angrily to the news that the ambassador , a distinguished lady diplomat , was summoned to the Foreign Ministry at 2 am local time ; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi . The Indian media reported that India 's Commerce Minister , Kamal Nath , cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest , though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2 am",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db30ebe7c41114004b4f04_s",
              "question": "When did the diplomat come in the middle of the night?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 am",
                  "answer_start": 475
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what time in the middle of the night was the diplomat summoned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom . Until 1817 . Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children . , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . The Duke and Duchess of Kent 's only child , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
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            "edward",
            "charlotte",
            "feodora",
            "victoria of saxe-coburg-saalfeld",
            "duke of kent",
            "strathearn",
            "carl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266c49708984140094c581_s",
              "question": "Who are Queen Victoria's parents?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Duke and Duchess of Kent",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who are Queen Victoria's mother and father?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-345_s",
          "context": "Despite this glowing message by the Emperor , the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs . Until then , the court was unaware that Deshin Shekpa had died in 1415 . The Ming court had believed that the representatives of the Karma Kagyu who continued to visit the Ming capital were sent by the Karmapa .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a year later in 1446",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd8d2162d2951400fa66ce_s",
              "question": "When did dessin Sheppard die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1415",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8530_s",
          "context": "Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the City of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . , the main campus is a 240-acre -LRB- 97 ha -RRB- parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools are located on a 25-acre -LRB- 10 ha -RRB- campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1869",
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            "1855",
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            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b464ec44d21400f3d40c_s",
              "question": "When was Northwest University founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1851",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Northwestern founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1493_s",
          "context": "Following the events in Olympia . Australian authorities stated that such a request , if it were to be made , would be refused . Chinese officials labeled it a rumor . Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators . Tony Goh , has said the ACCO would be taking `` thousands '' of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus , to support the torch relay . , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhang rongan",
            "chinese students and scholars association",
            "australian council of chinese organisations",
            "tony goh",
            "people's liberation army",
            "stephen smith",
            "chinese australian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96e76dc89441400fdb457_s",
              "question": "Who is the president of the Council of Australian Chinese organizations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tony Goh",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14587_s",
          "context": "The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste . ... with Some Additional Designs -LRB- 1727 -RRB- . The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell . The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio . At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572975523f37b31900478422_s",
              "question": "When was the book \"the design of enigo Jones\" published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1727",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was \"The Designs of Inigo Jones\" book published?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7012_s",
          "context": "John was born to Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine on 24 December 1166. Henry had inherited significant territories along the Atlantic seaboard—Anjou, Normandy and England—and expanded his empire by conquering Brittany. Henry married the powerful Eleanor of Aquitaine, who reigned over the Duchy of Aquitaine and had a tenuous claim to Toulouse and Auvergne in southern France, in addition to being the former wife of Louis VII of France. The result was the Angevin Empire, named after Henry's paternal title as Count of Anjou and, more specifically, its seat in Angers.[nb 2] The Empire, however, was inherently fragile: although all the lands owed allegiance to Henry, the disparate parts each had their own histories, traditions and governance structures. As one moved south through Anjou and Aquitaine, the extent of Henry's power in the provinces diminished considerably, scarcely resembling the modern concept of an empire at all. Some of the traditional ties between parts of the empire such as Normandy and England were slowly dissolving over time. It was unclear what would happen to the empire on Henry's death. Although the custom of primogeniture, under which an eldest son would inherit all his father's lands, was slowly becoming more widespread across Europe, it was less popular amongst the Norman kings of England. Most believed that Henry would divide the empire, giving each son a substantial portion, and hoping that his children would continue to work together as allies after his death. To complicate matters, much of the Angevin empire was held by Henry only as a vassal of the King of France of the rival line of the House of Capet. Henry had often allied himself with the Holy Roman Emperor against France, making the feudal relationship even more challenging.",
          "c_entity": [
            "24 december 1166"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4c8ab3d812140066d093_s",
              "question": "When was John born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "24 December 1166",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was John born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8047_s",
          "context": "In March 2001 , 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act , which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs -LRB- ARVs -RRB- for treating HIV , despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent . HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa . This was unaffordable for most South African citizens , and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford . To do so , they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country -LRB- using a compulsory license -RRB- , or import them from abroad . After international protest in favour of public health rights -LRB- including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF -RRB- , the governments of several developed countries -LRB- including The Netherlands , Germany , France , and later the US -RRB- backed the South African government .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac4b_s",
              "question": "When was the trial brought to South Africa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2001",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was litigation brought to South Africa?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17666_s",
          "context": "The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin -LRB- Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин -RRB- in the first third of the 19th century . Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary -LRB- so-called `` высо́кий стиль '' -- `` high style '' -RRB- in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time . Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin 's texts , since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning . In fact , many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century , in particular Pushkin , became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "aleksander griboyedov",
            "nikolai gogol"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f4ede6313a140071caf0_s",
              "question": "Who innovated modern Russian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander Pushkin",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who revolutionized modern Russian?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8986_s",
          "context": "As an initial response , and was shocked to learn that such a blockade could be imposed only ` on paper ' . In fact , because of the extensive defense cuts and the emphasis placed on building a nuclear bomber force , none of the services were in a position to make a robust response with conventional military strength . , was faced with re-organizing and deploying an American military force that was a shadow of its World War II counterpart . , as American troops fought a series of costly rearguard actions . Lacking sufficient anti-tank weapons , artillery or armor , they were driven back down the Korean peninsula to Pusan . , Army Major General Floyd L. Parks stated that `` Many who never lived to tell the tale had to fight the full range of ground warfare from offensive to delaying action , unit by unit , man by man ... -LSB- T -RSB- hat we were able to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat ... does not relieve us from the blame of having placed our own flesh and blood in such a predicament . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "u.s. navy",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726993bdd62a815002e8aac_s",
              "question": "Who says winning this war is not enough to get the US Army into trouble?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Major General Floyd L. Parks",
                  "answer_start": 638
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that winning the war does not excuse putting US troops into a bad situation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7992_s",
          "context": "After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to \"pass\" as white. Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States, such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos. Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement (cf. Loving Day). Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial. In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American.",
          "c_entity": [
            "barack obama"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a328b4faf5e1900b8a90c_s",
              "question": "Who was elected the first multi-ethnic president of the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barack Obama",
                  "answer_start": 858
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected and was the first multiracial president of the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9359_s",
          "context": "Despite these detailed standard definitions , cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user `` ISO '' setting refers to the noise-based speed , saturation-based speed , or the specified output sensitivity , or even some made-up number for marketing purposes . , it was not possible to correctly apply any of those measurements to cameras that did not produce sRGB files in an uncompressed format such as TIFF . Following the publication of CIPA DC-004 in 2006 , Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras are required to specify whether a sensitivity rating is REI or SOS . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572676395951b619008f7353_s",
              "question": "When was CIPA dc-004 launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 468
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was CIPA DC-004 introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9862_s",
          "context": ". British attention soon turned towards Asia , Africa , and the Pacific . Unchallenged at sea , British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica -LRB- `` British Peace '' -RRB- . , the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain ; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the `` workshop of the world '' . The British Empire expanded to include India , large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . Domestically , political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise . , the population increased at a dramatic rate , accompanied by rapid urbanisation , causing significant social and economic stresses . To seek new markets and sources of raw materials , the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt , South Africa , and elsewhere . Canada , Australia , and New Zealand became self-governing dominions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726604ddd62a815002e8308_s",
              "question": "When was Britain called the \"world factory\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1851",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Britain called the \"workshop of the world\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9362_s",
          "context": "Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians -LRB- Native Americans -RRB- , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México -LRB- Mexico City -RRB- . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the Federal District was created in 1824 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726427cec44d21400f3dd00_s",
              "question": "Who built Mexico City in the first place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Aztecs",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who originally built Mexico City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14303_s",
          "context": "The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq , and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent . , and believed to still maintain . Both the possession of these weapons of mass destruction -LRB- WMD -RRB- , and the failure to account for them , would violate the U.N. sanctions . The assertion about WMD was hotly advanced by the Bush administration from the beginning , but other major powers including China , France , Germany , and Russia remained unconvinced that Iraq was a threat and refused to allow passage of a UN Security Council resolution to authorize the use of force . Iraq permitted UN weapon inspectors in November 2002 , who were continuing their work to assess the WMD claim when the Bush administration decided to proceed with war without UN authorization and told the inspectors to leave the country . , along with a `` coalition of the willing '' that consisted of additional troops from the United Kingdom , and to a lesser extent , from Australia and Poland . , the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its armed forces , however , the U.S. and allied forces failed to find any weapon of mass destruction in Iraq . Traces of former materials and weapons labs were reported to have been located , but no `` smoking guns '' . Nevertheless , George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln , in a Lockheed S-3 Viking , where he gave a speech announcing the end of `` major combat operations '' in the Iraq War . , according to a CNN -- USA Today -- Gallup poll . However , Bush 's high approval ratings did not last . First , while the war itself was popular in the U.S. , with no decrease in violence nor progress toward stability or reconstruction . Second , as investigators combed through the country , they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles , which led to debate over the rationale for the war .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728d6633acd2414000dffe1_s",
              "question": "When did Iraq agree to allow UN inspectors to enter Iraq to search for weapons of mass destruction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2002",
                  "answer_start": 669
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Iraq agree to allow UN inspectors into the country to check for weapons of mass destruction?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13370_s",
          "context": "On 30 November 1934 , he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece and titular archbishop of Mesembria , Bulgaria . Thus , he is known as `` the Turcophile Pope , '' by the Turkish society which is predominantly Muslim . , leading some to consider him to be a Righteous Gentile -LRB- see Pope John XXIII and Judaism -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ff7c2ca10214002d9b00_s",
              "question": "When was he appointed to represent the apostles in Turkey and Greece?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 November 1934",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was he appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15013_s",
          "context": "In January 1977 , Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney , essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -LRB- ALS , or Lou Gehrig 's Disease -RRB- . As First Assistant , Kerry tried cases , which included winning convictions in a high-profile rape case and a murder . He also played a role in administering the office , including initiating the creation of special white-collar and organized crime units , creating programs to address the problems of rape and other crime victims and witnesses , and managing trial calendars to reflect case priorities . , regarding `` misstatements '' in his first divorce trial . The inquiry ended with no charges being brought after investigators and prosecutors determined that Brooke 's misstatements were pertinent to the case , but were not material enough to have affected the outcome .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572abb93be1ee31400cb81e3_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry become a prosecutor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1977",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry become an ADA?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8239_s",
          "context": ", in the `` great , holy house '' . In 1141 Spanish-Jewish poet , issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel , a journey he undertook himself . In 1187 Sultan Saladin , founder of the Ayyubid dynasty , defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and subsequently captured Jerusalem and almost all of Palestine . In time , Saladin issued a proclamation inviting Jews to return and settle in Jerusalem , they did : `` From the day the Arabs took Jerusalem , the Israelites inhabited it . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "judah al-harizi",
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            "maimonides"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b5ca38643c19005acbb1_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of the Ayyubids?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sultan Saladin",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7141_s",
          "context": "On 30 September 1915 , troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac . Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city , hitting military installations , the railway station and many other , mostly civilian , targets in the city . During the bombing raid , private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down . It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries . The cannon Ljutovac used was not designed as an anti-aircraft gun . This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3b05b3d812140066d59b_s",
              "question": "When will the Serbian Army alert the enemy aircraft in kraguyevac?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 September 1915",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? "
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4961_s",
          "context": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents -LRB- CSAD -RRB- founded by and located centrally at Oxford University , Great Britain . Among its many activities CSAD numbers `` a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions . '' These it arranges by region .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afghanistan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f905699e9bad19000a07ed_s",
              "question": "Where is Oxford University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Great Britain",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Oxford University?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9692_s",
          "context": "In 1975 , the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects . They toured the US as headliners , and played in Canada for the first time . In September , after an acromonious split with Trident , the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management . , who accepted the position .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726801fdd62a815002e875a_s",
              "question": "Who designed the dress for the Queen's 1975 tour?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zandra Rhodes",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the costumes for Queen's 1975 tour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18572_s",
          "context": "In the years that followed . In May 1957 Diem . President Eisenhower pledged his continued support , and a parade was held in Diem 's honor in New York City . Although Diem was publicly praised , in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573274500fdd8d15006c6af1_s",
              "question": "Where is the South Vietnamese President's March?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York City",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8231_s",
          "context": "The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively . The name `` Israel '' -LRB- Standard Yisraʾel , Isrāʾīl ; Septuagint Greek : Ἰσραήλ Israēl ; ` El -LRB- God -RRB- persists/rules ' though , according to the Hebrew Bible , was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the angel of the Lord . Jacob 's twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites , also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel . Jacob and his sons had lived in Canaan but were forced by famine to go into Egypt for four generations , lasting 430 years , until Moses , a great-great grandson of Jacob , led the Israelites back into Canaan during the `` Exodus '' . The earliest known archaeological artifact to mention the word `` Israel '' is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt -LRB- dated to the late 13th century BCE -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "5725b349b80e561500fa6f3e_s",
              "question": "Who is Moses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a great-great grandson of Jacob",
                  "answer_start": 681
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Moses?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2866_s",
          "context": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin , which governed the Russian Republic , was overthrown during the October Revolution . Initially , the state did not have an official name and was n't recognized by neighboring countries for five months . Meanwhile .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df4fa496943c1400a5d36e_s",
              "question": "Who led the organization that established the Soviet state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir Lenin",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the group which created the Soviet state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4433_s",
          "context": "Tito 's greatest strength , in the eyes of the western communists , had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country . It was Tito 's call for unity , and related methods , that held together the people of Yugoslavia . This ability was put to a test several times during his reign , maspok , meaning `` Mass Movement '' -RRB- when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party . Despite this suppression , much of maspok 's demands were later realized with the new constitution , heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- On 16 May 1974 , the new Constitution was passed , and the aging Tito was named president for life .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81c7da6d7ea1400e173bb_s",
              "question": "When was the new Yugoslav Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16 May 1974",
                  "answer_start": 704
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11006_s",
          "context": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the ` Nati ' . The headquarters of the sport 's governing body , the International Federation of Association Football -LRB- FIFA -RRB- , is located in Zürich . , and was the joint host , of the Euro 2008 tournament . The Swiss Super League is the nation 's professional club league . For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament , the country 's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end . , at 2,000 metres -LRB- 6,600 ft -RRB- above sea level .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5727bd4a4b864d1900163c0b_s",
              "question": "Where is FIFA?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zürich",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the FIFA located?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10842_s",
          "context": "In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality . Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana : Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics , which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex , condemned homosexuality , and forbade masturbation . , in an interview published by the magazine Tempo , to accuse Montini of hypocrisy , and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor . According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society . , but the interview -LRB- previously published in a French gay magazine -RRB- brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar . In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18 , Montini called the charges `` horrible and slanderous insinuations '' and appealed for prayers on his behalf . Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in `` a day of consolation '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726c4fbdd62a815002e8fe3_s",
              "question": "Who was charged with homosexuality in 1976?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Montini",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9555_s",
          "context": "For 2016 , U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States . A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation 's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study . , and its library is consistently ranked in the nation 's top ten -- No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007 . BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report 's `` Great Schools , Great Prices '' lineup , and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt . Due in part to the school 's emphasis on undergraduate research , in rankings for 2008-2009 , BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs , No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school , No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school , and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school . BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . -RSB- -RSB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572889ae3acd2414000dfab4_s",
              "question": "Who describes BYU as a high level of research?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching",
                  "answer_start": 961
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designated BYU as having high research activity?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11783_s",
          "context": "In 1996 , Ed Snider . Over a number of years , then Versus -RRB- . In 2002 , the XFINITY Center .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57271a2e708984140094d9c1_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of the Philadelphia sports group spectator?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ed Snider",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of Philadelphia sports corporation Spectator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17630_s",
          "context": "Namibia conducts a census every ten years . After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991 . , wherever they happen to be . This is called the de facto method . For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas . These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57310b67e6313a140071cba9_s",
              "question": "When was Namibia's first census?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Population and Housing Census in Namibia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3043_s",
          "context": "Shorter , and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher 's Mutt and Jeff . Humour strips predominated at first . , at first reprinting newspaper comic strips , original content began to dominate . , in which the superhero genre was prominent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1907",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e020e2231d4119001abf49_s",
              "question": "When did mom and Jeff come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1907",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Mutt and Jeff appear?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8421_s",
          "context": "Napoleon was born in Corsica to a relatively modest family of noble Tuscan ancestry . Napoleon supported the French Revolution from the outset in 1789 while serving in the French army , and he tried to spread its ideals to Corsica but was banished from the island in 1793 . Two years later , he saved the French government from collapse by firing on the Parisian mobs with cannons . , when he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies . , invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572644761125e71900ae191e_s",
              "question": "Where was Napoleon born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Corsica",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Napoleon born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-268_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion . His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis , and his physician , Jean Cruveilhier , was then the leading French authority on this disease . Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis , cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency . However , the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved . Permission for DNA testing , which could put the matter to rest , has been denied by the Polish government .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d38ac959d6e414001466d0_s",
              "question": "Who is Chopin's doctor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean Cruveilhier",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chopin's physician?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12033_s",
          "context": "After the Spanish in the 16th century , the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia . The latter had grown rapidly and land was less available . Nathaniel Batts was documented as one of the first of these Virginian migrants . He settled south of the Chowan River and east of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655 . By 1663 , this northeastern area of the Province of Carolina , known as the Albemarle Settlements , was undergoing full-scale English settlement . During the same period . In 1712 , North Carolina became a separate colony . , it became a royal colony seventeen years later .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles ii",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727849e5951b619008f8c20_s",
              "question": "Who were the first Virginia immigrants to dakarorina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nathaniel Batts",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the first Virginian migrants to reach the carolinas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-111_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002 , Pink , and Enrique Iglesias . , Beyoncé signed a $ 50 million deal to endorse Pepsi . The Center for Science in the Public Interest -LRB- CSPINET -RRB- wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation . Nevertheless , with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfda91a10cfb1400551337_s",
              "question": "When did Beyonce start advising Pepsi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15450_s",
          "context": ". U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that `` the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted . Contrastingly , a revolutionary and a martyr . '' . , for instance , a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone . , and that he was `` a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa . '' , this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was `` martyr or villain . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "nelson mandela",
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            "barack obama",
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            "david cameron",
            "hugo chávez",
            "daily times of nigeria",
            "gaddafi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0ff_s",
              "question": "Who said tyranny?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Barack Obama",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said something about tyranny?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17169_s",
          "context": "Since the 1979 Revolution , to overcome foreign embargoes , Iran has developed its own military industry , produced its own tanks , armored personnel carriers , guided missiles , submarines , military vessels , guided missile destroyer , radar systems , helicopters and fighter planes . , official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot , Kowsar , Zelzal , Fateh-110 , Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles , and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles -LRB- UAVs -RRB- . , it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recent years",
            "currently",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302a7ab2c2fd14005689b0_s",
              "question": "When did Iran begin to develop its domestic military infrastructure?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979 Revolution",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since when has Iran developed its domestic military infrastructure?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17295_s",
          "context": "Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009 . At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011 , it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors . Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices . '' Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed `` Jupiter '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "steven sinofsky",
            "intel",
            "steve ballmer",
            "silverlight",
            "microsoft",
            "amd"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301b71a23a5019007fcd78_s",
              "question": "Who is the president of windows?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Steven Sinofsky",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Windows division president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4398_s",
          "context": "In the autumn of 1913 , he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army . He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant . In May 1914 . At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , he was sent to Ruma . In January 1915 . He distinguished himself as a capable soldier , becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army . For his bravery in the face of the enemy , he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented . On 25 March 1915 , while in Bukovina , he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bukovina",
            "galicia",
            "budapest",
            "zagreb",
            "petrovaradin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71780711bf01900a44940_s",
              "question": "Where was Tito seriously wounded and captured by the Russians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bukovina",
                  "answer_start": 554
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10352_s",
          "context": "On election day -LRB- 6 May 2010 -RRB- . The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years , with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority . , paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon brown",
            "labour",
            "david cameron"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b533dd62a815002e8d8e_s",
              "question": "Who advocates the sun for the 2010 election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Cameron",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16687_s",
          "context": "Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe , maintaining friendly relations with the European Union , especially with its member states such as France and Greece . Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire for their country to eventually become an EU member state , some -LSB- who ? -RSB- predicting that it will make an official bid for membership in a few years . , a NATO-led international force in Kosovo . It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "a few years",
            "2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc4abb2c2fd1400568428_s",
              "question": "When can the EU expect Armenia to join the EU?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in a few years",
                  "answer_start": 372
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When can the EU expect Armenia to attempt to join it?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10761_s",
          "context": "The administration of Lord North -LRB- 1770 . , came the American Declaration of Independence . Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania . He claimed the English national character was being changed by this authoritarianism . Burke wrote : `` As to the good people of England , they seem to partake every day more and more of the Character of that administration which they have been induced to tolerate . I am satisfied . We seem no longer that eager , inquisitive , jealous , fiery people , which we have been formerly '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1770",
            "1775",
            "1782",
            "1776",
            "a few years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a652f1498d1400e8e618_s",
              "question": "When did Lord north take office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1770",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lord North take office?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8214_s",
          "context": "Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917 , when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . , and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923 . However , the position changed following the revolution , and all lodges were forced to close in 1965 . ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "saddam hussein",
            "united grand lodge of england",
            "ugle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265d965951b619008f70aa_s",
              "question": "Who opened the first hotel in Iraq?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the United Grand Lodge of England",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who opened the first Lodge in Iraq?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4443_s",
          "context": "Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times . In 1918 he was brought to Omsk , Russia , as a prisoner of war . There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen , and she moved with him to Yugoslavia . , she returned to Russia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936",
            "1928",
            "a year later",
            "4 february, 1924",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e46_s",
              "question": "When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2674_s",
          "context": "The first recorded use of the term -LRB- or its cognates in other languages -RRB- is in the New Testament , the text says : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch . '' The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28 , where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle , `` Then Agrippa said unto Paul , Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian . '' The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16 , which exhorts believers : `` Yet if -LSB- any man suffer -RSB- as a Christian , let him not be ashamed ; but let him glorify God on this behalf . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "about a year",
            "4:16",
            "11:26"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56defe90c65bf219000b3eb1_s",
              "question": "When did Firth become the third mentioned person?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter 4:16",
                  "answer_start": 456
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When verse was the third mention?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2_s",
          "context": "As at most other universities , Notre Dame 's students run a number of news media outlets . The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers , both a radio and television station , and several magazines and journals . , the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States . The other magazine , The Juggler . The Dome yearbook is published annually . The newspapers have varying publication interests , with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news , and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary 's College . Unlike Scholastic and The Dome , The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University . In 1987 , when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias , a liberal newspaper , Common Sense was published . Likewise , when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias , the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production . Neither paper is published as often as The Observer ; however , all three are distributed to all students . Finally , Beyond Politics , made its debut .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 1876",
            "1987",
            "a year",
            "2003",
            "spring 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733bf84d058e614000b61c1_s",
              "question": "When did the student newspaper common sense begin to be published in Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 807
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10773_s",
          "context": "In November 1790 , François-Louis-Thibault de Menonville , wrote to Burke , praising Reflections and requesting more `` very refreshing mental food '' that he could publish . , as being the subject of a personality cult that had developed in revolutionary France . , or to guide his understanding -- but vanity '' -- which he `` was possessed to a degree little short of madness '' . , or spotted here and there , with virtues , or even distinguished by a single good action '' . : `` a lover of his kind , but a hater of his kindred '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "national assembly of france",
            "jean-jacques rousseau",
            "françois-louis-thibault de menonville",
            "burke",
            "david hume"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ae6cf1498d1400e8e710_s",
              "question": "Who asked Burke for more \"very refreshing spiritual food\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "François-Louis-Thibault de Menonville",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who asked Burke for more \"very refreshing mental food\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4206_s",
          "context": "Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the end of the 6th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f724b9711bf01900a449e4_s",
              "question": "When did the Slavs live in the eastern Alps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "By the end of the 6th century",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9456_s",
          "context": "In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1866"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726876a5951b619008f75e3_s",
              "question": "When did the dispute between Austria and Prussia break out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1866",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15620_s",
          "context": "Claiming the right to name his discovery , though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes . In October , after himself , and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director . This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "françois arago",
            "leverrier",
            "french bureau des longitudes",
            "william herschel",
            "le verrier"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e916ec246551400ce435a_s",
              "question": "Who disagrees with Neptune's name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "French Bureau des Longitudes",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did not approve of the first name for Neptune? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8972_s",
          "context": "By spring 1950 , Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed . The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949 -- which had seemingly much less strategic significance . Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments -- Soviet Friendship , Alliance , and Mutual Assistance Treaty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
            "korea",
            "us",
            "china",
            "moscow"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726323e89a1e219009ac54e_s",
              "question": "Where did Stalin pursue his aggressive political strategy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Stalin engage in an aggressive political strategy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8673_s",
          "context": ". Even if this is not the case . Lucius Columella , advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen , because when raised in this way , the ducks `` lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen '' . Despite this , ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD , when they began to be mentioned alongside geese , chickens , and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners .",
          "c_entity": [
            "about 810 ad",
            "at least 1500 years earlier",
            "the first century bc",
            "4000 bc may"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572644e91125e71900ae1945_s",
              "question": "When did ducks begin to appear in books of Western European society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-849_s",
          "context": "Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik -- Afghan border until summer 2005 . Since the September 11 , 2001 attacks . United States Army and Marine Corps personnel periodically visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration . , a military airport located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe , at a cost of $ 70 million , completing the repairs in September 2010 . It is now the main base of the Tajikistan air force . There have been talks with Russia concerning use of the Ayni facility , and Russia continues to maintain a large base on the outskirts of Dushanbe .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ayni",
            "india",
            "afghanistan",
            "airport",
            "dushanbe",
            "air base",
            "tajikistan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b06ad058e614000b605c_s",
              "question": "Where is the main air base in Tajikistan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe",
                  "answer_start": 294
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12109_s",
          "context": ", when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace , who stayed on the Maluku Islands -LRB- Ternate and Gilolo -RRB- . It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism . , ... forestalled '' and he would `` of course , at once write and offer to send -LSB- it -RSB- to any journal '' that Wallace chose , adding that `` all my originality , whatever it may amount to , will be smashed '' . , and on 1 July 1858 , the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties ; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection , were read out but drew little reaction . , historians have pointed out differences . , and emphasised competition between individuals ; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding , and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions . Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wallace",
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            "gray",
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            "darwin",
            "linnean society"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727839a5951b619008f8be7_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a paper on the trend of species diversity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wallace",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the paper, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11855_s",
          "context": "Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals . They argue that it hinders reconciliation , replaces old wrongs with new wrongs , undermines the achievements of minorities , and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged , even if they are not . It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups -LRB- such as lower-class whites and Asians -RRB- . , in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger . In 2006 , nearly 60 % of Michigan voters decided to ban affirmative action in university admissions . Michigan joined California , Florida , Texas , and Washington in banning the use of race or sex in admissions considerations . Some opponents believe , among other things , that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who belong to a group it 's supposed to help , therefore making affirmative action counter-productive . Furthermore , opponents of affirmative action claim that these policies dehumanize individuals and applicants to jobs or school are judged as members of a group without consideration for the individual person .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recently",
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57275c29dd62a815002e9bb2_s",
              "question": "When did Michigan hold a affirmative action vote?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 635
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was there a vote regarding affirmative action in Michigan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3611_s",
          "context": "On November 12 , the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to `` reasons unrelated to League operations '' . A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new , long-term owners for the franchise .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 12",
            "2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77474_s",
              "question": "When will the sabre be closed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 12",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3806_s",
          "context": ". , Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V , Duke of Zähringen .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1191",
            "the 12th century",
            "medieval",
            "1309",
            "14th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d9_s",
              "question": "When was Berne founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1191",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Bern founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3094_s",
          "context": "During this period , the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax . However , the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres . The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow , contributing to the closure of the island 's flax mills in 1965 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1951",
            "1965"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0628c231d4119001ac078_s",
              "question": "When did the bungalows on the island close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Island's flax mills close?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5165_s",
          "context": "According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population -LRB- s -RRB- carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component , which the researchers dub the `` Ethio-Somali '' . It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis , representing the majority of their ancestry . The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component . On this basis , the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population -LRB- s -RRB- probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East , having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula . The population then likely split into two branches , with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "at least 23,000 years ago",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301db_s",
              "question": "When did Hodgson publish his DNA research?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2913_s",
          "context": "Laemmle , Jr. created a niche for the studio , affectionately dubbed Universal Horror . Among them are Frankenstein -LRB- 1931 -RRB- , Dracula -LRB- also in 1931 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "1936",
            "1933",
            "1934",
            "1931",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14edfe3433e1400422d8c_s",
              "question": "When was the universe version of the science geek made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5074_s",
          "context": "A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood . Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created .",
          "c_entity": [
            "395 to 400 million years ago",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b55_s",
              "question": "When was the first woody plant discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11407_s",
          "context": ", distributed as 51.7 % rural and 48.3 % urban , and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre . The only breakdown available was by gender : males numbered 71,709,859 , females numbered 68,293,08 . On June 2012 , President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726eb29dd62a815002e9538_s",
              "question": "When did President Goodluck advocate limiting Jonathan's birth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2012",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did President Goodluck Jonathan advocate limiting childbirth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-665_s",
          "context": "Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff757234ae51400d9c19b_s",
              "question": "Who bought the Waldorf hotel in New York in 2014?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anbang Insurance Group",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought the Waldorf Astoria hotel in NYC in 2014?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8480_s",
          "context": ", Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon 's remains to France . , a state funeral was held . The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées , across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme 's Chapel , where it remained until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed . In 1861 , Napoleon 's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides .",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 december 1840",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c6b4f1498d1400e8eafc_s",
              "question": "When was Napoleon's last tomb built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 389
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Napoleon's final tomb completed?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5443_s",
          "context": "Being identified as either `` black '' or `` white '' in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one 's employment and social prospects . -- where they lived , their employment , marriage , education and included the power to separate children from their parents . Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour . The social position of mixed-race or `` half-caste '' individuals varied over time . A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that :",
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            {
              "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3a_s",
              "question": "Who reported on the treatment of indigenous people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Baldwin Spencer",
                  "answer_start": 521
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14017_s",
          "context": ", as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s . According to Clarence L. Partee , who was an established maker of violins in Chicago . Partee characterized the early instrument as being larger than the European instruments he was used to , with a `` peculiar shape '' and `` crude construction , '' and said that the quality improved , until American instruments were `` superior '' to imported instruments . At the time , Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b4714b864d1900164c71_s",
              "question": "Where is Joseph Borman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Joseph Bohmann from? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1517_s",
          "context": "The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the \"Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit\" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed \"Second Right Brother,\" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d98906dc89441400fdb503_s",
              "question": "When will the 30 players be sworn in?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2007",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the 30 team members sworn in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6325_s",
          "context": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the UEFA Champions League , completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . , the club became European champions again and won five trophies . This Barcelona team , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . In June 2015 , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c13f96b8089140040fb20_s",
              "question": "When will Barcelona win the continental trial for the second time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2015",
                  "answer_start": 580
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Barcelona able to win the continental treble for the second time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4252_s",
          "context": "Elsewhere . Constructed in 1290 , the system carried water from Conduit Head -LRB- remnants of which survive near Hill Lane , Shirley -RRB- some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls . Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8574aa6d7ea1400e175a5_s",
              "question": "When was the water supply system for the brothers built in Southampton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1290",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5433_s",
          "context": ", during the period of the Ottoman Empire , tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey . Some of their descendants remained in situ , and many migrated to larger cities and towns . Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete , from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923 , or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5706baed2eaba6190074aca5_s",
              "question": "When did they move to Izmir?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-96_s",
          "context": ", saying `` She proves you can do it all '' and she has described Oprah Winfrey as `` the definition of inspiration and a strong woman '' . , both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life . , I search for in every day in music ... he is lyrical and raw '' . In February 2013 . She commented . But there are not enough of those women . '' .",
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              "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832db_s",
              "question": "Who describes beyoncp233 as the definition of inspiration?",
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                  "text": "Oprah Winfrey",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Beyoncé describe as the definition of inspiration?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-112_s",
          "context": ". Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance , Heat in 2010 . The commercial , which featured the 1956 song `` Fever '' , was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyoncé appearing to lie naked in a room . In February 2011 , Beyoncé launched her second fragrance , Heat Rush . Beyoncé 's third fragrance , Pulse , was launched in September 2011 . In 2013 . The six editions of Heat are the world 's best-selling celebrity fragrance line , with sales of over $ 400 million .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the world famous perfume production line?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Beyoncé",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The world's best selling celebrity perfume line belongs to whom?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9741_s",
          "context": "In September 2010 . However , in July 2013 . In December 2013 . The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan , who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon . The film , will focus on Queen 's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert .",
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              "id": "5726e5f3708984140094d527_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the Freddie Mercury movie?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Peter Morgan",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is writing the Freddie Mercury film?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17103_s",
          "context": "The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights -LRB- In Persian : hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic : ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l ' - layla = One thousand Night and -LRB- one -RRB- Night -RRB- or * Arabian Nights , a name invented by early Western translators , which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit , Persian , and later Arabian fables . The original concept is derived from a pre-Islamic Persian prototype Hezār Afsān -LRB- Thousand Fables -RRB- that relied on particular Indian elements . It reached its final form by the 14th century ; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another . All Arabian fantasy tales tend to be called Arabian Nights stories when translated into English , regardless of whether they appear in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights or not . This work has been very influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century , first by Antoine Galland . Imitations were written , especially in France . Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture , such as Aladdin .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ali baba"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572feebca23a5019007fcb71_s",
              "question": "Who was the first westerner to translate one thousand and one nights?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Antoine Galland",
                  "answer_start": 933
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first westerner to translate One Thousand and One Nights?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2309_s",
          "context": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides , the California State Treasurer , in the 2006 elections , held on November 7 , 2006 . , Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0 % of the vote compared with 38.9 % for Angelides , a margin of well over one million votes . In recent years , many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum . , Jr. breakfast , '' -LSB- H -RSB- e 's becoming a Democrat -LSB- ... H -RSB- e 's running back , not even to the center . I would say center-left '' .",
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            {
              "id": "56debf69c65bf219000b3d2b_s",
              "question": "Who was Schwarzenegger's opponent in the 2006 election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phil Angelides",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In the 2006 gubernatorial election, who did Schwarzenegger run against?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10028_s",
          "context": "Besides singing Madonna has the ability to play several musical instruments . She learned to play drum and guitar from her then-boyfriend Dan Gilroy in the late 1970s before joining the Breakfast Club line-up as the drummer . This helped her to form the band Emmy , where she performed as the guitarist and lead vocalist . Madonna later played guitar on her demo recordings . On the liner notes of Pre-Madonna : `` I 've always thought she passed up a brilliant career as a rhythm guitarist . '' After her career breakthrough , Madonna focused mainly in singing but was also credited for playing cowbell on Madonna -LRB- 1983 -RRB- and synthesizer on Like a Prayer -LRB- 1989 -RRB- . In 1999 , Madonna had studied for three months to play the violin for the role as a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart , before eventually leaving the project . After two decades , Madonna decided to perform with guitar again during the promotion of Music -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . Since then Madonna has played guitar on every tour , as well as her studio albums . , which honors the most promising up-and-coming guitarist .",
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              "id": "5726f573f1498d1400e8f101_s",
              "question": "Who teaches Madonna to play drums and guitar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dan Gilroy",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who taught Madonna how to play the drum and guitar?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10542_s",
          "context": "Parallel to the military developments emerged also a constantly more elaborate chivalric code of conduct for the warrior class . This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy , and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin . The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new -LRB- secular -RRB- type of chivalric orders ; the first of these was the Order of St. George , while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter , founded by Edward III in 1348 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273aa2dd62a815002e99c6_s",
              "question": "When was the medal founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1348",
                  "answer_start": 555
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Order of the Garter established?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16632_s",
          "context": ", which is currently the second largest employer in the city . , located on the southeastern edge of the city . Its presence , the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista -RRB- , has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries , including government contractors , in the area .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573435f44776f41900661a8c_s",
              "question": "Where is the U.S. Army Intelligence Center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sierra Vista",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the US Army Intelligence Center?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11144_s",
          "context": "Since the Industrial Revolution some two hundred years ago, the food processing industry has invented many technologies that both help keep foods fresh longer and alter the fresh state of food as they appear in nature. Cooling is the primary technology used to maintain freshness, whereas many more technologies have been invented to allow foods to last longer without becoming spoiled. These latter technologies include pasteurisation, autoclavation, drying, salting, and separation of various components, all of which appearing to alter the original nutritional contents of food. Pasteurisation and autoclavation (heating techniques) have no doubt improved the safety of many common foods, preventing epidemics of bacterial infection. But some of the (new) food processing technologies have downfalls as well.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57271f3b708984140094da19_s",
              "question": "When did the industrial revolution begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "two hundred years ago",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Industrial Revolution roughly begin?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9991_s",
          "context": "In 1992 , Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito , a baseball player on an all-women 's team . She recorded the film 's theme song , `` This Used to Be My Playground '' , which became a Hot 100 number one hit . The same year , she founded her own entertainment company , Maverick , a film production company -LRB- Maverick Films -RRB- , and associated music publishing , television broadcasting , book publishing and merchandising divisions . It gave her 20 % royalties from the music proceedings , one of the highest rates in the industry . The first release from the venture was Madonna 's book , titled Sex . It consisted of sexually provocative and explicit images . The book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public , but sold 1.5 million copies at $ 50 each in a matter of days . At the same time she released her fifth studio album , Erotica , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . Its title track peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . Erotica also produced five singles : `` Deeper and Deeper '' , `` Bad Girl '' , `` Fever '' , `` Rain '' and `` Bye Bye Baby '' . Madonna had provocative imagery featured in the erotic thriller , Body of Evidence , a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage . It was poorly received by critics . She also starred in the film Dangerous Game , which was released straight to video in North America . , and the pain feels real . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726af855951b619008f7a59_s",
              "question": "Who played Madonna's coalition role?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mae Mordabito",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Madonna play in the role A League Of Their Own?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14179_s",
          "context": ", not directly elected , but chosen by the councils of the member Communes . By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning , housing , and protection of the environment . The first president of the metropolitan council , Patrick Ollier , a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison , was elected on January 22 , 2016 . Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France , it has a very small budget ; just 65 million Euros , compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris .",
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              "question": "Who is the first president of the City Council?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Patrick Ollier",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first president of the metropolitan council?"
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          "context": "The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, \"In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.\"",
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              "question": "Who is the hero of the novel?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Atticus Finch",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the protagonist of the novel?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16318_s",
          "context": "The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire \"aerials\". Marconi discovered that by raising the \"aerial\" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eff08cb0c0d14000f16e6_s",
              "question": "Who is most relevant to the emergence of the word \"antenna\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Guglielmo Marconi",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6036_s",
          "context": "The Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT, CSIR Lab), Palampur, the National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Una the Central University Dharamshala, AP Goyal (Alakh Prakash Goyal) Shimla University, The Bahra University (Waknaghat, Solan) the Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies Baddi, IEC University, Shoolini University Of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Manav Bharti University Solan, the Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Eternal University, Sirmaur & Chitkara University Solan are some of the pioneer universities in the state. CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalya Palampur is one of the most renowned hill agriculture institutes in world. Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry has earned a unique distinction in India for imparting teaching, research and extension education in horticulture, forestry and allied disciplines. Further, state-run Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College started in 2006 at Sundernagar.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096cd5200fba1400367fc5_s",
              "question": "When was Nehru state engineering college founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006 at Sundernagar",
                  "answer_start": 1132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the state run Nehru Government Engineering College started?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16886_s",
          "context": "Beginning in the summer of 54 BC , a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome . This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC . On 1 January 49 BC , an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate . The ultimatum was rejected , and the senate then passed a resolution which declared that if Caesar did not lay down his arms by July of that year , he would be considered an enemy of the Republic . Meanwhile , the senators adopted Pompey as their new champion against Caesar . On 7 January of 49 BC , the senate passed a senatus consultum ultimum , which vested Pompey with dictatorial powers . Pompey 's army , however , was composed largely of untested conscripts . On 10 January , Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his veteran army -LRB- in violation of Roman laws -RRB- and marched towards Rome . Caesar 's rapid advance forced Pompey , the consuls and the senate to abandon Rome for Greece . Caesar entered the city unopposed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "caesar",
            "clodius",
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            "pompey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730239eb2c2fd1400568933_s",
              "question": "Who did the senators decide to help them resolve the conflict with Caesar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pompey",
                  "answer_start": 452
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10821_s",
          "context": "As war broke out , Maglione , Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican 's State Department , as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years . -LSB- page needed -RSB- Montini was in charge of taking care of the `` ordinary affairs '' of the Secretariat of State . Pius XII did not have a personal secretary . As did several popes before him , he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat . During the war years , thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope , most of them asking for understanding , prayer and help . Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII , expressing his empathy , and understanding and providing help , where possible .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a764f1498d1400e8e63a_s",
              "question": "When is Montini in charge of communication with the Vatican?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "war years",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9696_s",
          "context": "During 1976 , Queen played one of their most famous gigs , a free concert in Hyde Park , London . A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson , it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience . On 1 December 1976 , Queen were the intended guests on London 's early evening Today programme , but they pulled out at the last-minute , which saw their late replacement on the show , give their seminal interview . During the A Day at the Races Tour in 1977 , Queen performed sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden , New York , in February , London , in June .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard branson",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572689e65951b619008f7636_s",
              "question": "Who organized a free Queen's concert in 1976?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Branson",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who organized a free concert by Queen in 1976?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13249_s",
          "context": "The empire went into decline thereafter . During the decline of the Mughal Empire , several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline . In 1737 , the Maratha general Bajirao of the Maratha Empire invaded and plundered Delhi . , the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers . , however , easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled . In 1737 , in the final defeat of Mughal Empire , Nizam-ul-mulk , was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army . This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire . In 1739 , emperor of Iran , defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal . After this victory , carrying away many treasures , including the Peacock Throne . The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757 . The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , also called the 1857 War of Independence .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "mughal army",
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            "baji rao"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a97f3acd2414000dfc3e_s",
              "question": "Who attacked Delhi and robbed it in 1737?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maratha general Bajirao",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attacked and plundered Delhi in 1737?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2513_s",
          "context": ", which became the Soviet zone of occupation . On Stalin 's orders . The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev . He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s , but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia . After the war , essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun . His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War , and he was identified publicly only as `` the Chief Designer . '' , his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ussr",
            "union",
            "peenemünde",
            "germany",
            "west",
            "siberia",
            "soviet"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dea63ccffd8e1900b4ba49_s",
              "question": "Where was Sergey Korolev imprisoned for six years?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Siberia",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Sergei Korolev imprisoned for six years?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11648_s",
          "context": "An ancient Indian treatise on statecraft , who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya -LRB- c. 350 -- -283 BCE -RRB- . In this treatise , the behaviors and relationships of the people , the King , the State , the Government Superintendents , Courtiers , Enemies , Invaders , and Corporations are analysed and documented . , a book analysing how the political world does work and not very often stating how it ought to work , a book that frequently discloses to a king what calculating and sometimes brutal measures he must carry out to preserve the state and the common good . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "viṣhṇugupta",
            "kautilya",
            "chāṇakya",
            "roger boesche"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282e763acd2414000df675_s",
              "question": "Who are Kautilya and vishnugupta usually with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chāṇakya",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who are Kautilya and Vishnugupta usually grouped with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10348_s",
          "context": "On 9 December 2010 . The paper cited unnamed sources , claiming `` cops are throwing a ring of steel around tonight 's live episode of Coronation Street over fears it has been targeted by Al-Qaeda . '' Later that morning , however . '' The Sun published a small correction on 28 December , admitting `` that while cast and crew were subject to full body searches , there was no specific threat from Al-Qaeda as we reported . '' The apology had been negotiated by the Press Complaints Commission . For the day following the 2011 Norway attacks The Sun produced an early edition blaming the massacre on al-Qaeda . , a Norwegian nationalist .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anders behring breivik",
            "granada television",
            "greater manchester police",
            "press complaints commission"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726acb05951b619008f79b6_s",
              "question": "Who apologized to the sun for misunderstanding the story?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Press Complaints Commission",
                  "answer_start": 463
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who negotiated an apology from The Sun for its misreporting of this story?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10729_s",
          "context": "The coastline of Norfolk Island consists , to varying degrees , of cliff faces . A downward slope exists towards Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay . There are no safe harbour facilities on Norfolk Island . All goods not domestically produced are brought in by ship . Emily Bay , is the only safe area for recreational swimming , although surfing waves can be found at Anson and Ball Bays .",
          "c_entity": [
            "island",
            "cascade",
            "emily bay",
            "norfolk",
            "ball bays",
            "kingston",
            "slaughter bay",
            "pacific ocean"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a83edd62a815002e8c2e_s",
              "question": "Where are you surfing in Norfolk Island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anson and Ball Bays",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where can you go to surf on Norfolk Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7946_s",
          "context": "Seattle 's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States . , nearly all elections are won by Democrats . Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor , Bertha Knight Landes . It has also elected an openly gay mayor , and a socialist councillor . For the first time in United States history . The majority of the current city council is female , while white men comprise a minority .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ed murray",
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            "congress",
            "washington state legislature",
            "kshama sawant",
            "sherry harris",
            "democratic party",
            "bertha knight landes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a29364faf5e1900b8a8db_s",
              "question": "Who was the first mayor of Seattle and the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bertha Knight Landes",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8651_s",
          "context": "The University of the Republic is the country 's largest and most important university , with a student body of 81,774 , according to the census of 2007 . It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo , where most of its buildings and facilities are still located . Its current Rector is Dr. Rodrigo Arocena . The university houses 14 faculties -LRB- departments -RRB- and various institutes and schools . Many eminent Uruguayans have graduated from this university",
          "c_entity": [
            "eladio dieste",
            "carlos ott",
            "carlos vaz ferreira",
            "rodrigo arocena",
            "university of the republic",
            "gabriel paternain",
            "mario wschebor",
            "roman fresnedo siri",
            "josé luis massera"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e1ec89a1e219009ac02b_s",
              "question": "Who is the current president of the University of the Republic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr. Rodrigo Arocena",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current rector of The University of the Republic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7781_s",
          "context": "In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the \"Mattel Version\" and \"NES Version\". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled \"NES Version\"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5711165aa58dae1900cd6bf9_s",
              "question": "When did Nintendo take over the European market?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 400
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nintendo take over European distribution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11892_s",
          "context": "Chasetown , whilst playing at Level 8 of English football during the 2007 -- 08 competition , are the lowest-ranked team to play in the Third Round Proper -LRB- final 64 , of 731 teams entered that season -RRB- . , when they lost to Football League Championship -LRB- Level 2 -RRB- team Cardiff City , the eventual FA Cup runners-up that year . Their success earned the lowly organisation over £ 60,000 in prize money .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "southern league division one midlands"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279147f1498d1400e8fc52_s",
              "question": "Who is the lowest in the third round?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chasetown",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the lowest rank to play in the  third round proper?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-768_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963 . The book 's racial slurs , profanity , and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d39d2359d6e41400146821_s",
              "question": "When was the book about class education published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10890_s",
          "context": "The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King 's health , exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments , including arteriosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans . A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg , which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949 . His elder daughter Elizabeth , the heir presumptive , took on more royal duties as her father 's health deteriorated . The delayed tour was re-organised , with Elizabeth and her husband , the Duke of Edinburgh , taking the place of the King and Queen . The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951 , but on 23 September 1951 . In October 1951 , Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada ; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King 's illness . , the King 's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor . His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections , and then edited together .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elizabeth",
            "state opening of parliament",
            "clement price thomas",
            "lord simonds"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821d23acd2414000df548_s",
              "question": "Who is the heir of the king?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the King's heir presumptive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2444_s",
          "context": "Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: \"The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews.\" He labeled all heresy as \"Jewish\", claiming that Judaism would \"pollute [Catholics and] deceive them with sacrilegious seduction.\" The identification of Jews and heretics in particular occurred several times in Roman-Christian law,",
          "c_entity": [
            "gregory"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de71424396321400ee2901_s",
              "question": "Who denounces Jews in many of his works?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope St. Gregory",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who denounced Jewish People in many of his writings?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2606_s",
          "context": "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfd80f231d4119001abe39_s",
              "question": "When did Scotland abolish wartime licenses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16795_s",
          "context": ". After the war , in 1948 , the USA released the invention for commercial use . , after the Auto-Sembly process was developed by the United States Army . At around the same time in Britain work along similar lines was carried out by Geoffrey Dummer , then at the RRDE .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1943"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302051947a6a140053d14e_s",
              "question": "When was printed circuit board released for commercial use in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the printed circuit released for commercial use in the U.S.?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14534_s",
          "context": "After dynastic quarrels however , there was a Christian reconquest in 1072 . The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles , including Robert Guiscard and his army , who is regarded as a hero by the natives . , with the King 's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni . Much construction was undertaken during this period . The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe .",
          "c_entity": [
            "roger ii",
            "palermo cathedral",
            "robert guiscard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572961c26aef051400154dca_s",
              "question": "Who do locals think are heroes because they have ended Muslim control of Palermo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Guiscard",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-42_s",
          "context": "In 1842 , the Bishop of Vincennes , Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière , on the condition that he build a college in two years . Fr . , 1842 . He soon erected additional buildings , including Old College , the first church , and the first main building . They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "stephen badin",
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            "célestine guynemer de la hailandière",
            "holy cross"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733849bd058e614000b5c57_s",
              "question": "Who gave father Edward SOLIN the land?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual offered land to Father Edward Sorin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6331_s",
          "context": ", would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager . Following his appointment , recording only two losses and amassing 100 points . , who scored 46 goals in the League , including two hat-tricks . , still with four games left to play . , despite losing 2 -- 1 to them at the beginning of March . They reached the semifinal stage of both the Copa del Rey and the Champions League . On 19 July , and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fc barcelona",
            "real madrid",
            "pep guardiola",
            "lionel messi",
            "bayern munich",
            "tito vilanova"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c3504ec8fbc190045bda1_s",
              "question": "Who replaced Villanova as manager?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pep Guardiola",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Vilanova replace as manager?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8968_s",
          "context": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948 . The Republic of Korea -LRB- South Korea -RRB- was established on 15 August 1948 . In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation , the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung . Disenfranchised , they headed for the hills , to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government .",
          "c_entity": [
            "syngman rhee",
            "kim il-sung"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262c8738643c19005ad2a0_s",
              "question": "Who led the Crusoe occupation of Russia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kim Il-sung",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Russian Koran Zone of Occupation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4663_s",
          "context": "Charles VII of France ordered his chamberlain to climb Mont Aiguille in 1356 . , a feat which he conducted with the use of ladders to traverse the ice . In 1492 Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille , without reaching the summit , an experience he described as `` horrifying and terrifying . '' Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by variations of light in the higher altitudes , and climbed a mountain -- scholars are uncertain which one ; some believe it may have been Monte Rosa . From his description of a `` blue like that of a gentian '' sky it is thought that he reached a significantly high altitude .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rocciamelone",
            "chamonix",
            "france"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c4d09b226e1400dd0f71_s",
              "question": "Where did Charles VII come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "France",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Charles VII from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-878_s",
          "context": "Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present . Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology , which describes the workings of societies around the world , linguistic anthropology , which investigates the influence of language in social life , and biological or physical anthropology , which concerns long-term development of the human organism . Archaeology , which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence , is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States , it is viewed as a discipline in its own right , or grouped under other related disciplines such as history .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states",
            "europe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a866d058e614000b5f95_s",
              "question": "Where is archaeology regarded as a branch of Anthropology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16171_s",
          "context": "The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple \"anti-copy\" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market \"copy-protected\" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or easily converted to MP3s. One major drawback to these copy-protected discs is that most will not play on either computer CD-ROM drives or some standalone CD players that use CD-ROM mechanisms. Philips has stated that such discs are not permitted to bear the trademarked Compact Disc Digital Audio logo because they violate the Red Book specifications. Numerous copy-protection systems have been countered by readily available, often free, software.",
          "c_entity": [
            "philips"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f757a04bcaa1900d76994_s",
              "question": "Who says a protected CD cannot have a cdda logo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philips",
                  "answer_start": 513
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that protected CDs are not allowed to carry the CDDA logo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-533_s",
          "context": "Reginald DesRoches , a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech , pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake . DesRoches said : `` If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake , chances are they were n't built for adequate earthquake forces . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "reginald desroches",
            "georgia tech"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cebcb4aab44d1400b88963_s",
              "question": "Who is a professor of advanced and environmental technology at Georgia Tech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Reginald DesRoches",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9313_s",
          "context": "A wrestler 's championship accomplishments can be central to their career , becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power . In general , a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler 's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler 's ability to perform in the ring . As such , the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends despite the predetermined nature of title reigns . Japanese wrestler Último Dragón once held and defended a record 10 titles simultaneously .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ric flair",
            "último dragón"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266e09dd62a815002e848c_s",
              "question": "Who keeps ten records at the same time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Último Dragón",
                  "answer_start": 499
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who held 10 records at once? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16677_s",
          "context": ", with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika , Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country , opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought . Tensions also developed between Soviet Azerbaijan and its autonomous district of Nagorno-Karabakh , a majority-Armenian region separated by Stalin from Armenia in 1923 . About 484,000 Armenians lived in Azerbaijan in 1970 . The Armenians of Karabakh demanded unification with Soviet Armenia . Peaceful protests in Yerevan supporting the Karabakh Armenians were met with anti-Armenian pogroms in the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait . Compounding Armenia 's problems was a devastating earthquake in 1988 with a moment magnitude of 7.2 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gorbachev",
            "stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb43c947a6a140053cbb7_s",
              "question": "Who separated Berg Karabakh from Armenia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who partitioned Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-478_s",
          "context": ", though he refused to comment on the nature of the part . After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe , a relative newcomer , as Sévérine in Skyfall . , becoming , at the age of fifty , the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl . In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman . , before it was removed from the final cut of the film , enabling his return in Spectre .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mendes",
            "lucia sciarra",
            "léa seydoux",
            "jesper christensen",
            "christoph waltz",
            "ernst stavro blofeld",
            "dave bautista",
            "franz oberhauser",
            "madeleine swann",
            "white",
            "monica bellucci",
            "hinx",
            "bérénice lim marlohe",
            "quantum of solace"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cddc2a62d2951400fa690c_s",
              "question": "Who played seaflynn in the previous Bond movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bérénice Lim Marlohe",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who played Severine in the previous Bond film?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9365_s",
          "context": "The concept of nobility flourished in New Spain in a way not seen in other parts of the Americas . Spaniards encountered a society in which the concept of nobility mirrored that of their own . Spaniards respected the indigenous order of nobility and added to it . , possession of a noble title in Mexico did not mean one exercised great political power , for one 's power was limited even if the accumulation of wealth was not . The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one , based on proving the worthiness of the family . Most of these families proved their worth by making fortunes in New Spain outside of the city itself , then spending the revenues in the capital , building churches , supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes . The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century . , leading to Mexico City 's nickname of `` The city of palaces '' given by Alexander Von Humboldt .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the last half of the 18th century",
            "today",
            "centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265bd2708984140094c37f_s",
              "question": "When has the construction of redundant houses slowed down?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the last half of the 18th century",
                  "answer_start": 888
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the construction of exuberant houses slow down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11150_s",
          "context": ". Led by Omar Pasha . , and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop . Fearing an Ottoman collapse . Karl Marx quipped that `` there they are , the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "silistra",
            "varna",
            "romania",
            "france",
            "turkey",
            "constanța",
            "kars",
            "sinop",
            "balkans",
            "danube",
            "uk",
            "gallipoli"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b245dd62a815002e8d27_s",
              "question": "Where were the Turks stopped when they needed reinforcements?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sinop",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When the Turkish tried to provide reinforcements, where were they stopped at?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6871_s",
          "context": "The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act -LRB- 1978 -RRB- in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica . The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty , as can the extraction of any indigenous species . The overfishing of krill , which plays a large role in the Antarctic ecosystem , led officials to enact regulations on fishing . The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources -LRB- CCAMLR -RRB- , requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem . Despite these new acts , unregulated and illegal fishing , particularly of Patagonian toothfish -LRB- marketed as Chilean Sea Bass in the U.S. -RRB- , remains a serious problem . The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980",
            "1978",
            "2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570da18bdf2f5219002ed078_s",
              "question": "When did the United States pass the Antarctic Conservation Act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3980_s",
          "context": "In 1958 as part of an experiment, Operation Argus, the United States Navy detonated an atomic bomb 160 kilometres (100 mi) high in the upper atmosphere about 175 kilometres (109 mi) southeast of the main island.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1958"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7c46400c9c71400d7759b_s",
              "question": "When was the nuclear bomb detonated near the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was an atomic bomb detonated near the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-972_s",
          "context": ", European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund . The bailout , agreed to in 2011 , required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of € 78 billion . , however unemployment , while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the second decade of the 21st century",
            "2011",
            "time",
            "the first quarter of 2014",
            "may 2014",
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fa9a4776f41900661626_s",
              "question": "When was the economic rescue agreement reached?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14771_s",
          "context": ", carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings , rich in religious and other symbolism , and as a practical consideration , as it was customary to remove one 's shoes in living quarters . The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia -LRB- carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing -RRB- . Turks used carpets , rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room , but also as a hanging on walls and doorways , where they provided additional insulation . They were also commonly donated to mosques , which often amassed large collections of them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
            "anatolia",
            "ottoman empire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a60d8d562191400bc86a3_s",
              "question": "Where does carpet cleaning come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the nomadic cultures of central Asia",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did carpet weaving in the Empire originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13253_s",
          "context": "The Punjabi kingdom , ruled by members of the Sikh religion , was a political entity that governed the region of modern-day Punjab . The empire , based around the Punjab region , existed from 1799 to 1849 . It was forged , under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh -LRB- 1780 -- 1839 -RRB- from an array of autonomous Punjabi Misls . He consolidated many parts of northern India into a kingdom . He primarily used his highly disciplined Sikh army that he trained and equipped to be the equal of a European force . Ranjit Singh proved himself to be a master strategist and selected well qualified generals for his army . In stages , he added the central Punjab , the provinces of Multan and Kashmir , the Peshawar Valley , and the Derajat to his kingdom . At its peak , in the 19th century , the empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west , to Kashmir in the north , to Sindh in the south , running along Sutlej river to Himachal in the east . This was among the last areas of the subcontinent to be conquered by the British . The first Anglo-Sikh war and second Anglo-Sikh war marked the downfall of the Sikh Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "maharaja ranjit singh",
            "east india company",
            "khalsa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b2a2ff5b5019007da4b8_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the punjabs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maharaja Ranjit Singh",
                  "answer_start": 247
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Punjabis? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3595_s",
          "context": "In October 2008 , Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding `` based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team '' . Shortly thereafter ; in exchange , single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable . Benson 's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call , leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sports business journal",
            "platinum equity",
            "afl",
            "tom benson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79deb37bdd419002c424a_s",
              "question": "Who announced the closure of voodoo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tom Benson",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the announcement that the VooDoo were shutting down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6932_s",
          "context": "From the early stages of Christianity , as stated in the gospels , holy and supernatural , was used by detractors , both political and religious , as a topic for discussions , debates and writings , specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and thus Christians and Christianity alike . In the 2nd century , as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics . The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen , the Church Father in Alexandria , Egypt , who considered it a fabricated story . How far Celsus sourced his view from Jewish sources remains a subject of discussion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jesus",
            "celsus",
            "panthera",
            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cda09b3d812140066d2c3_s",
              "question": "Who said Jesus was the son of a Roman soldier?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Celsus",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suggested that Jesus was the son of a Roman soldier?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14919_s",
          "context": "From around 750 , women `` became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty '' . In particular , many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music , dancing and poetry . , medicine , law , philosophy , music , history , Arabic grammar , literature , theology and chess '' . Moreover , among the most prominent feminine figures was Shuhda who was known as `` the Scholar '' or `` the Pride of Women '' during the 12th century in Baghdad . Despite the recognition of women 's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty , all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "abbasid caliphate",
            "hārūn al-rashīd",
            "mahbuba",
            "shuhda",
            "tawaddud"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8012be1ee31400cb8044_s",
              "question": "Who is the most famous scientist in Islamic school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shuhda",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most well known female scholar in Islamic schools?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18682_s",
          "context": "In his book , Humanism -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Tony Davies calls these critics `` humanist anti-humanists '' . Critics of antihumanism , most notably Jürgen Habermas , counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism 's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal , they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own . Others , like the German philosopher Heidegger considered themselves humanists on the model of the ancient Greeks , but thought humanism applied only to the German `` race '' and specifically to the Nazis and thus , in Davies ' words , were anti-humanist humanists . Such a reading of Heidegger 's thought is itself deeply controversial ; Heidegger includes his own views and critique of Humanism in Letter On Humanism . For `` it is almost impossible to think of a crime that has not been committed in the name of human reason '' . Yet , he continues , `` it would be unwise to simply abandon the ground occupied by the historical humanisms . For one thing humanism remains on many occasions the only available alternative to bigotry and persecution . The freedom to speak and write , to organise and campaign in defence of individual or collective interests , to protest and disobey : all these can only be articulated in humanist terms . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1997",
            "the 20th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732889806a3a419008acae1_s",
              "question": "When was the book of humanism published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the book humanism published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1065_s",
          "context": "In 2008 , following the death of West 's mother , the foundation was rechristened `` The Dr. Donda West Foundation . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d464a92ccc5a1400d8313c_s",
              "question": "When did the foundation stop operating?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the foundation stop operating? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1306_s",
          "context": "There were 13 finalists this season , but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals . A new feature introduced was the `` Judges ' Save '' . The next week , Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anoop desai",
            "matt giraud"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37a4159d6e414001464cf_s",
              "question": "Who was sent home after the judges saved Matt Gillard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was sent home the week after the judges saved Matt Giraud?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5336_s",
          "context": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use . The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century . A combination of the planisphere and dioptra , the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy . , Persia in 1235 . Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe , an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels , circa 1000 AD .",
          "c_entity": [
            "isfahan",
            "persia",
            "bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28beb_s",
              "question": "Where is the first astrolabe invented by mechanical calendar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Persia",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2534_s",
          "context": "Kennedy ultimately decided to pursue what became the Apollo program, and on May 25 took the opportunity to ask for Congressional support in a Cold War speech titled \"Special Message on Urgent National Needs\". Full text ",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 25"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0f2ae231d4119001ac4be_s",
              "question": "When was Kennedy's speech \"special information on the urgent needs of the country\" delivered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 25",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The speech by Kennedy, \"Special Message on Urgent National Needs\" was delivered on what date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5482_s",
          "context": "In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914 , Wickham Steed , argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920 , also under the editorship of Steed , and called Jews the world 's greatest danger . In the leader entitled `` The Jewish Peril , a Disturbing Pamphlet : Call for Inquiry '' , Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion :",
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          "context": "Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal , with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love , she has `` become a crossover sex symbol '' . Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily , her onstage dress `` is absolutely for the stage . '' Due to her curves and the term 's catchiness , the media often used the term `` Bootylicious '' -LRB- a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious -RRB- to describe Beyoncé , the term popularized by Destiny 's Child 's single of the same name . In 2006 , it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary .",
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            {
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          "context": "Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the kithara, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey.",
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              "question": "Who is Pan's loyal follower?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Midas",
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              "original_question": "Who was a faithful follower of Pan?"
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          "context": "The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city . Within the city it is designated as ` The Parkway ' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas . Heading east , it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles -LRB- 65 km -RRB- away near Exeter ; and heading west it connects Cornwall and Devon via the Tamar Bridge . , First South West and Target Travel . There are three Park and ride services located at Milehouse , which are operated by First South West .",
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                  "answer_start": 422
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              "original_question": "Who operates Milehouse park and ride?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17018_s",
          "context": "Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks, as well as offices for international companies such as Genworth Financial, CapitalOne, Philip Morris USA, and numerous other banks and brokerages. Richmond is also home to four of the largest law firms in the United States: Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Williams Mullen, and LeClairRyan. Another law firm with a major Richmond presence is Troutman Sanders, which merged with Richmond-based Mays & Valentine LLP in 2001.",
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              "question": "When did Truman Sanders may and Valentine merge?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Troutman Sanders-Mays & Valentine LLP merger occur?"
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          "context": ". In 1492 , Granada was captured from the Moors , thereby completing the Reconquista . -- particularly under Henry the Navigator -- gradually explored the coast of Africa , Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India . The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India , leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492 .",
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              "original_question": "When was modern-day Spain created?"
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          "context": ", Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood -LRB- Santa Hermandad -RRB- as a national police force . They adapted an existing brotherhood to the purpose of a general police acting under officials appointed by themselves , and endowed with great powers of summary jurisdiction even in capital cases . The original brotherhoods continued to serve as modest local police-units until their final suppression in 1835 .",
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              "question": "When did Spain suppress the local police force?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1835",
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              "original_question": "When did Spain suppress local police units?"
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          "context": "Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000 -LSB- a -RSB- to confront Wu Sangui , the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass . Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall , located fifty miles northeast of Beijing , and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming capital . Wu Sangui , caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years , decided to cast his lot with the Manchus , with whom he was familiar . Wu Sangui may have been influenced by Li Zicheng 's mistreatment of his family and other wealthy and cultured officials . Together , the two former enemies met and defeated Li Zicheng 's rebel forces in battle on May 27 , 1644 .",
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              "question": "Who joined the army with Li Zicheng?",
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              "original_question": "Who did Li Zicheng's army fight?"
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          "context": "The writer Sherrel W. Stewart 's assertion that `` most '' African Americans have significant Native American heritage , is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies . The TV series on African-American ancestry , had genetics scholars who discussed in detail the variety of ancestries among African Americans . They noted there is popular belief in a high rate of Native American admixture that is not supported by the data that has been collected . -LRB- Reference is coming -RRB-",
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              "question": "Who says many African Americans have native American traditions?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Sherrel W. Stewart",
                  "answer_start": 11
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said many African Americans have NAtive American heritage?"
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          "context": "After returning from Egypt . , Napoleon restored the religious privileges of the Catholic Church while keeping the lands seized by the Revolution . The state continued to nominate the bishops and to control church finances . He extended his political control over France until the Senate declared him Emperor of the French in 1804 , launching the French Empire . Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph at the Battle of Austerlitz , which led to the elimination of the Holy Roman Empire . , however , a Franco-Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar , allowing Britain to impose a naval blockade of the French coasts . In retaliation . Napoleon knocked out Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt , which forced the Russians to accept the Treaties of Tilsit .",
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              "question": "When was Napoleon appointed emperor of France?",
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          "context": "Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.",
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              "original_question": "When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17021_s",
          "context": "Additionally , Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry , including the major motion picture Lincoln which led to Daniel Day-Lewis 's third Oscar , Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe , airing on the National Geographic Channel and Turn , starring Jamie Bell and airing on AMC . , which will premiere in Winter 2016 . Several organizations , including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance , along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival , continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region .",
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              "question": "When will charity street be on TV for the first time?",
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              "original_question": "When will Mercy Street first be shown on television?"
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          "context": "As Charles Town grew , so did the community 's cultural and social opportunities , especially for the elite merchants and planters . Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups , from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews . This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770 , the oldest college in South Carolina . , this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States .",
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              "original_question": "When was the College of Charles Towe founded?"
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          "context": ". Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers , who claim that he is unreliable . Another source says all Males and 1 woman beheaded -LRB- according to Sunni Hadith -RRB- . Two Muslims were killed",
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              "question": "Who says Mohammed has a contract with the dismantled banukuleza?",
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              "original_question": "Who claims Muhammad had a treaty with the Banu Qurayza that was torn apart?"
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          "context": ", Burke read Dr. Richard Price 's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled , A Discourse on the Love of our Country , to the Revolution Society . In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal `` Rights of Men '' . Price argued that love of our country `` does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries , or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government '' . Instead , Price asserted that Englishmen should see themselves `` more as citizens of the world than as members of any particular community '' .",
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              "question": "When did Richard Price preach to the revolutionary society?",
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          "context": "International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper , and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad . Players can be booked in international friendlies . Caps and goals scored also count towards a player 's career records . In 2004 , FIFA ruled that substitutions by a team be limited to six per match in international friendlies , in response to criticism that such matches were becoming increasingly farcical with managers making as many as 11 substitutions per match .",
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              "question": "When did FIFA decide to limit substitutes in international friendship?",
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          "context": "Timely 's first publication , among other features . The issue was a great success , with it and a second printing the following month selling , combined , nearly 900,000 copies . While its contents came from an outside packager , Timely had its own staff in place by the following year . The company 's first true editor , teamed with artist and emerging industry notable Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes , Captain America . It , too , proved a hit , with sales of nearly one million . , beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941 .",
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              "question": "Who is the captain of the United States except Simon?",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9896_s",
          "context": "The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions , which provided invaluable military , financial and material support . Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions , as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies . The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home , and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right . Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light .",
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              "original_question": "When was the Gallipoli Campaign?"
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          "context": "Summers in the state are generally hot and humid , with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F -LRB- 32 °C -RRB- during the summer months . Winters tend to be mild to cool , increasing in coolness at higher elevations . Generally , for areas outside the highest mountains , the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state . , 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is − 32 °F -LRB- − 36 °C -RRB- at Mountain City on December 30 , 1917 .",
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              "question": "Where did the temperature in Tennessee reach 1917-36 degrees Celsius in December?",
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              "original_question": "Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?"
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          "context": "Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples ; some countries have sizable populations . At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas . Some , such as the Quechuan languages , Aymara , Mayan languages , and Nahuatl , count their speakers in millions . Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees , including religion , social organization , and subsistence practices . Like most cultures , over time , cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects , but also cater to modern needs . Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples .",
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          "context": ", increasing the city 's ties to the South and its dominant party . In 1861 , Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded , but his proposal was not acted on . Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War -LRB- 1861 -- 1865 -RRB- , which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $ 300 -LRB- equivalent to $ 5,766 in 2016 -RRB- commutation fee to hire a substitute , led to the Draft Riots of 1863 , whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class . The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York 's elite , followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work . Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground , which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants . , at least 120 people were killed . In all , eleven black men were lynched over five days , and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg , Brooklyn , as well as New Jersey ; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865 , which it had last been in 1820 . The white working class had established dominance . Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area . It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8334_s",
          "context": "Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated.",
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          "context": "Dante Alighieri 's Divine Comedy , written in the early 14th century , merged a medieval world view with classical ideals . The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin . Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language .",
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          "context": ", and only a smaller force under William Longespée deployed to Poitou . In 1206 John departed for Poitou himself , but was forced to divert south to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile . After a successful campaign against Alfonso , John headed north again , taking the city of Angers . Philip moved south to meet John .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Porto leave?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Poitou depart?"
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          "context": "In March 2003 , a second rebel group , began launching attacks against Taylor from the southeast . Peace talks between the factions began in Accra in June of that year . By July 2003 , the rebels had launched an assault on Monrovia . Under heavy pressure from the international community and the domestic Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace movement , Taylor resigned in August 2003 and went into exile in Nigeria .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was attacked by the Liberian democratic movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taylor",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Movement For democracy in Liberia launched attacks against who?"
            }
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          "context": "During his bid to be elected president in 2004 , Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War . , he voted against an $ 87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war . His statement on March 16 , 2004 , `` I actually did vote for the $ 87 billion before I voted against it , '' helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry 's defeat .",
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              "question": "Who did Kerry criticize in the 2004 campaign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President George W. Bush",
                  "answer_start": 77
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              "original_question": "Who did Kerry criticize during the 2004 campaign?"
            }
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          "context": "The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for their products, which defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire. This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who will publish with IESNA?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "ANSI and ASHRAE",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who else publishes along with IESNA? "
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          "context": "Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared , not until the early 1970s was true textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon . At that time BYU Professor Ellis Rasmussen and his associates were asked by the LDS Church to begin preparation for a new edition of the Holy Scriptures . One aspect of that effort entailed digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes , another aspect required establishing the most dependable text . To that latter end , Stanley R. Larson -LRB- a Rasmussen graduate student -RRB- set about applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts and early editions of the Book of Mormon as his thesis project . To that end , and compared them with the 1st , 2nd , and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original . Larson proceeded to publish a useful set of well-argued articles on the phenomena which he had discovered .",
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              "question": "When did the text criticism of Mormons come up?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon?"
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          "context": "The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century , especially after the Second World War . Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries , and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration , especially from Britain , although these groups are steadily merging . About 46 % of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010 , which was a decrease from the 51 % who did so in the 2000 census . Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1 % to 11 % -LRB- although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons -RRB- . Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13 % . A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry -LRB- 10 % -RRB- , the result of immigration over the past 160 years , of whom 79 % have residency status .",
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              "question": "Where do Bermuda's largest non indigenous groups come from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Britain",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
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              "original_question": "Where are the largest group of non-native people in Bermuda from?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1712_s",
          "context": "Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels.",
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              "question": "When did Gibraltar's first comprehensive school open?",
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              "original_question": "When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?"
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          "context": ", Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina . , approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast , leaving little damage to the Houston area . This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States . In September 2008 , Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike . As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita .",
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              "question": "When does Hurricane Ike land in Houston?",
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              "original_question": "When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?"
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          "context": "In 1840 , Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon 's remains to France . On 15 December 1840 , a state funeral was held . The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées , across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme 's Chapel , where it remained until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed . , Napoleon 's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides .",
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              "question": "When was Napoleon's national funeral held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "15 December 1840",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " On what date was a state funeral held for Napoleon?"
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          "context": "KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When was the Treasury endowment fund established?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1891",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the KU Endowment founded?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom , George III . Until 1817 , Princess Charlotte of Wales , was the only legitimate grandchild of George III . , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the only legitimate grandchild of George III?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13791_s",
          "context": "After its defeat in the 1979 general election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left represented by Tony Benn , and the right represented by Denis Healey . , and the leftist policies he espoused , such as unilateral nuclear disarmament , leaving the European Economic Community -LRB- EEC -RRB- and NATO , closer governmental influence in the banking system , William Rodgers , Roy Jenkins and David Owen -RRB- forming the Social Democratic Party . , the National Executive Committee had concluded that the entryist Militant tendency group were in contravention of the party 's constitution .",
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              "question": "When was the Labor Party defeated?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Labout party defeated?"
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          "context": "Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers. The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object. Matter as a cause of that image, is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us. An external world as absolute matter unrelated to an observer does not exist as far as we are concerned. The universe cannot exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind. Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by \"Cambridge Platonist\" John Norris (1701).",
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              "question": "When was a paper written on the theory of the ideal world?",
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              "original_question": "When was An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World written?"
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          "context": "He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanhá was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanhá was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ialá was the presidential candidate of the PRS.",
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              "original_question": "When was Vieira killed?"
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          "context": "Richmond is located at 37 ° 32 ′ N 77 ° 28 ′ W / 37.533 ° N 77.467 ° W / 37.533 ; -77.467 -LRB- 37.538 , − 77.462 -RRB- . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 62 square miles -LRB- 160 km2 -RRB- , of which 60 square miles -LRB- 160 km2 -RRB- is land and 2.7 square miles -LRB- 7.0 km2 -RRB- of it -LRB- 4.3 % -RRB- is water . The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia . The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low , rolling hills , and lies between the low .",
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                  "text": "Piedmont",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In which of Virginia's regions is Richmond?"
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          "context": ". For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player , the VP-1000 was noted as a `` laser disc player '' , although the `` LaserDisc '' logo displayed clearly on the device . , `` LaserDisc '' was used exclusively for the medium itself , although the official name was `` LaserVision '' -LRB- as seen at the beginning of many LaserDisc releases just before the start of the film -RRB- . However , LaserDisc was a trademarked word , standing only for LaserVision products manufactured for sale by Pioneer Video or Pioneer Electronics . , all properly licensed discs carried the LaserVision name and logo , even Pioneer Artists titles .",
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              "question": "When was the first global pioneer player published?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In what year was the first Universal-Pioneer player released?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": ", British , and French administration -RRB- created in the aftermath of World War II . Initially , in 1949 , the states of the Federal Republic were Baden , Bavaria -LRB- in German : Bayern -RRB- , Bremen , Hamburg , Hesse -LRB- Hessen -RRB- , Lower Saxony -LRB- Niedersachsen -RRB- , North Rhine Westphalia -LRB- Nordrhein-Westfalen -RRB- , Rhineland-Palatinate -LRB- Rheinland-Pfalz -RRB- , Schleswig-Holstein , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern . West Berlin , while officially not part of the Federal Republic , was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state .",
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              "question": "When was the Federal Republic of Germany founded?",
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              "original_question": "What year was the Federal Republic of Germany created?"
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          "context": "The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass - M1 on 14 April 2007 . Soon after in June 2007 . A month later , researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the `` I '' signals components . The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the `` I '' signals on E2 and E5B .",
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              "question": "Who reported the full decoding of the \"(8220i) component?",
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                  "text": "researchers from Stanford University",
                  "answer_start": 159
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            }
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          "context": "In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]",
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                }
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          "context": "Ski troops were trained for the war , where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945 . At the end of the war , a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria , where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close . The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area , where American troops found 75 kilos of gold coins stored in a single mine , were used to store looted art , jewels , and currency ; vast quantities of looted art were found and returned to the owners .",
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              "question": "Where did the Nazis find a lot of looting at the end of the war?",
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                  "answer_start": 209
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Where was a substantial amount of Nazi plunder found at the end of the war?"
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          "context": "Meanwhile , a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival . A Latin translation of Plato 's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino . For the first time , readers demanded rigor of rendering , as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato .",
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              "question": "Who ever devoted himself to translating Plato's works into Latin?",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who undertook translating Plato's works to Latin?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": ", Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics . He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly , especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy . Similarly , Sun Yat-sen 's government wanted a republican constitutional reform , both aiming for the benefit of China 's economy and populace . With permission from Empress Dowager Longyu , Yuan Shikai began negotiating with Sun Yat-sen , who decided that his goal had been achieved in forming a republic , and that therefore he could allow Yuan to step into the position of President of the Republic of China .",
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              "question": "Who negotiated with Yuan Shikai to prevent war?",
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                  "answer_start": 245
                }
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              "original_question": "Who negotiated with Yuan Shikai to prevent war?"
            }
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          "context": "Soon after , who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated . This caused a more widespread Russian retreat , including a number of their artillery units . When the local commanders failed to take advantage of the retreat , Lord Raglan sent out orders to move up . The local commanders ignored the demands , leading to the British aide-de-camp personally delivering a quickly written and confusing order to attack the artillery . , the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see -- the wrong one .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5727011b708984140094d845_s",
              "question": "Who ordered their promotion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Raglan",
                  "answer_start": 242
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sent the order to have them advance their position?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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          "context": "On the basis of the expansion and development of Yerevan State University a number of higher educational independent Institutions were formed including Medical Institute separated in 1930 which was set up on the basis of medical faculty . -- the Order of Labor red Banner for training qualified specialists in health care and valuable service in the development of Medical Science . Mkhitar Heratsi was the founder of Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia . The great doctor played the same role in Armenian Medical Science as Hippocrates in Western , Galen in Roman , Ibn Sīnā in Arabic medicine .",
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              "question": "When was the Institute founded?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Medical Institute formed?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13212_s",
          "context": "The earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas , and Mujavats . Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism , and two of India 's greatest empires . These empires saw advancements in ancient India 's science , mathematics , astronomy , religion , and philosophy and were considered the Indian `` Golden Age '' . Villages had their own assemblies under their local chiefs called Gramakas . Their administrations were divided into executive , judicial , and military functions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gupta empire",
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            "atharva-veda",
            "rajakumara",
            "gandharis",
            "magadha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57285a053acd2414000df93f_s",
              "question": "Where was the earliest mention of the magadhans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Atharva-Veda",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the earliest mention of Magadha people?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15804_s",
          "context": "Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as \"terror bombing\". Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1942.",
          "c_entity": [
            "luftwaffe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edf54dfa6aa1500f8d489_s",
              "question": "Who doesn't think the air force alone will play a decisive role?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luftwaffe",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believe air power alone would not be decisive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10726_s",
          "context": ", Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory . During World War II , the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand , and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands . The airstrip was constructed by Australian . Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand 's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force . N Force relieved a company of the Second Australian Imperial Force . The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1942",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a4c1dd62a815002e8bdc_s",
              "question": "When did army n leave Norfolk Island during World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1944",
                  "answer_start": 701
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War II?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4458_s",
          "context": "The decorations were seldom displayed , however . After the Tito , and then -LRB- with rare exception -RRB- only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons . The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980 . Tito 's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II , along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement , was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "present",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4b_s",
              "question": "When was Tito's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Tito's funeral?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-760_s",
          "context": "Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel . Apart from Atticus , the fathers described are abusers . , it is hinted , molested his daughter . Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity ; as one scholar explains : `` It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism , bravery , and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality , to set the society straight . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "jem",
            "radley",
            "bob ewell",
            "atticus",
            "boo",
            "missionary society",
            "mayella"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d2581659d6e41400145edc_s",
              "question": "Who is the only father who has not been abused?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Atticus",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only non-abusive father mentioned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8638_s",
          "context": "The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano , who died in 1815 . Its promoter , director and organizer was Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga , who also made a considerable donation along with donations from José Raimundo Guerra , as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in Salta .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1815",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d7d789a1e219009abf9b_s",
              "question": "When did father Jose Manuel Perez castrano die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Father Jose Manuel Perez Castellano die?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2510_s",
          "context": "The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany , beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles . Starting in the early 1930s , German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets , with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances . The head of the German Army 's Ballistics and Munitions Branch , Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker , gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen . Wernher von Braun , a young engineering prodigy . Von Braun had dreams about conquering outer space with rockets , and did not initially see the military value in missile technology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kummersdorf-west",
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            {
              "id": "56dea15d4396321400ee2a53_s",
              "question": "Where is the real origin of the space race?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the actual origin of the Space Race?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13209_s",
          "context": "The 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a divinity other than the Self is called a domestic animal of the gods in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The Mundaka launches the most scathing attack on the ritual by comparing those who value sacrifice with an unsafe boat that is endlessly overtaken by old age and death.",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 6th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284e224b864d190016490a_s",
              "question": "When was the first Upanishads written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "7th and 6th centuries BC",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the earliest Upanishads composed?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8374_s",
          "context": "Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism . The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war , which coincided with civil wars in Rome . The last Hasmonean ruler , Antigonus II Mattathias , was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BCE . In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship , the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized . , the Herodian dynasty , ruled Judea . , making it one of the largest religious structures in the world . The style of the enlarged temple and other Herodian architecture shows significant Hellenistic architectural influence .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e93b38643c19005ace6d_s",
              "question": "Who is the last ruler of hasmon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antigonus II Mattathias",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Hasmonean ruler?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14919_s",
          "context": "From around 750 , during the Abbasid Caliphate , women `` became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty '' . In particular , many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music , dancing and poetry . Mahbuba was one of these . Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud , `` a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy , medicine , law , philosophy , music , history , Arabic grammar , literature , theology and chess '' . Moreover . Despite the recognition of women 's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty , all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 12th century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8012be1ee31400cb8046_s",
              "question": "When will formal education for Islamic women stop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1258",
                  "answer_start": 749
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was formal education for Islamic women halted?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3480_s",
          "context": "In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.",
          "c_entity": [
            "proto-romance"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e19227cd28a01900c679d3_s",
              "question": "Where does this pattern come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Proto-Romance",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did this pattern come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14937_s",
          "context": "Philadelphia 's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America 's revolutionaries . , Philadelphia had surpassed Boston to become the largest city and busiest port in British America , and second in the British Empire , behind London . The city hosted the First Continental Congress before the American Revolutionary War , which signed the United States Declaration of Independence , during the war ; and the Constitutional Convention -LRB- 1787 -RRB- after the war . Several battles were fought in and near Philadelphia as well .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1787",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a9c79111d821400f38c3d_s",
              "question": "When will Philadelphia host the constitutional convention?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1787",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4170_s",
          "context": "Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715f_s",
              "question": "Who expanded the role of single reefs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mozart",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who expanded the single reeds role?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17261_s",
          "context": "Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in Oxbridge colleges, the lawyers in the Inns of Court or The Albany after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in Edinburgh were working-class purpose-built tenements common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving crescent, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301aed947a6a140053d102_s",
              "question": "When did the Albanese convert?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1802",
                  "answer_start": 476
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did The Albany convert?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13477_s",
          "context": ", two of which are French-language stations . St. John 's is the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter C . The ITU prefix VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederation in 1949 . However , other commercial radio stations in St. John 's which went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes -LRB- CF , with the exception of VOCM-FM , which was permitted to adopt the VOCM callsign because of its corporate association with the AM station that already bore that callsign . VO also remains in use in amateur radio .",
          "c_entity": [
            "15 am",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282f0e3acd2414000df687_s",
              "question": "When did the province join the Canadian Federation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the province join the Canadian Confederation?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12157_s",
          "context": "On July 1 , 1985 , to full member of the Politburo , and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs . The latter , disparaged as `` Mr Nyet '' in the West , had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs . , as he was considered an `` old thinker . '' Also on July 1 , Gorbachev took the opportunity to dispose of his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lev zaikov",
            "boris yeltsin",
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            "grigory romanov",
            "eduard shevardnadze",
            "gorbachev",
            "andrei gromyko",
            "politburo",
            "georgian communist party"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277c5ef1498d1400e8f97a_s",
              "question": "Who did Gorbachev fire from the Politburo on July 1?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Grigory Romanov",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which person did Gorbachev kick out of the Politburo on the first of July?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . A Bronx Tale -LRB- 1993 -RRB- depicts gang activities in the Belmont `` Little Italy '' section of the Bronx . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2007",
            "2005",
            "1974",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c89e99e3014001e67a1_s",
              "question": "When was the Bronx story published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'A Bronx Tale' released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5958_s",
          "context": "Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League -LRB- NHL -RRB- . The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- franchise based in the city since 1971 . They have won two NBA Championships , Otis Thorpe , Clyde Drexler , Vernon Maxwell , and Kenny Smith . The Houston Dash play in the National Women 's Soccer League -LRB- NWSL -RRB- . The Scrap Yard Dawgs , a women 's pro softball team .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "1965",
            "2002",
            "2016",
            "2007",
            "1962",
            "2005",
            "2006",
            "1994",
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ab07c4103511400d59940_s",
              "question": "When did the Houston Rockets become the Houston Rockets?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10046_s",
          "context": "Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts , including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200 . With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart , Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart . She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100 , more than any other artist in history . In 2008 , Billboard magazine ranked her at number two , behind The Beatles , on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart .",
          "c_entity": [
            "madonna",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572701af5951b619008f8481_s",
              "question": "Who is the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles charter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16958_s",
          "context": "After the Allied setbacks in 1943 , the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts . In the first months of 1944 , commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell , began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma . In February 1944 the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in the Arakan . After early Japanese success , relying on aircraft to drop supplies to isolated forward units until reserve divisions could relieve them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joseph stilwell",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573223b8b9d445190005e834_s",
              "question": "Who led the U.S. - China military for NCAC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Stilwell",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led Chinese and American troops for NCAC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8913_s",
          "context": "On May 11 , 2000 , Glenallen Hill , became the first , and thus far only player , to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story residential building across Waveland Ave , beyond Wrigley Field 's left field wall . The shot was estimated at well over 500 feet -LRB- 150 m -RRB- -- 8 . No batted ball has ever hit the center field scoreboard , hit it with a golf ball in an exhibition in the 1950s . In 1948 . In 2001 . , estimated at 555 feet -LRB- 169 m -RRB- , and is regarded as the longest home run in Wrigley Field history . On May 26 , 2015 , hit a homerun that traveled an estimated 477 feet -LRB- 145 m -RRB- off the park 's new videoboard in left field . Later the same year , he hit a homer that traveled 495 feet -LRB- 151 m -RRB- that also ricocheted off of the videoboard On October 13 , 2015 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kris bryant",
            "kyle schwarber",
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            "dave kingman",
            "bill nicholson",
            "glenallen hill",
            "cubs",
            "sammy sosa",
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            "sam snead",
            "steve woodard",
            "brewers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684db5951b619008f7551_s",
              "question": "Who was the first and only player to hit the ball on the top of the fifth floor of the road?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Glenallen Hill",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first and only player to hit a pitched ball onto the roof of a five-story building across Waveland Ave?"
            }
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        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4583_s",
          "context": ". -- 19 BC -RRB- , commissioned , by Augustus . The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter verse which describe the journey of Aeneas , a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy , to Italy , and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge . The Aeneid 's first six books describe the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Rome . ; Homer , the preeminent author of classical epic , is everywhere present . Although the Aeneid casts itself firmly into the epic mode , it often seeks to expand the genre by including elements of other genres such as tragedy and aetiological poetry . ; the first six books were viewed as employing the Odyssey as a model while the last six were connected to the Iliad .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ennius",
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            "aeneas"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c68_s",
              "question": "Who commissioned Aeneas real estate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11324_s",
          "context": "The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503 , after whom the islands are named . He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the Spanish Empire . Paying two visits to the archipelago , Bermúdez never landed on the islands , but did create a recognisable map of the archipelago . Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription in Portuguese Rock -LRB- previously called Spanish Rock -RRB- . Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there , which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began . In 1609 , which had established Jamestown in Virginia -LRB- a term originally applied to all of the North American continent -RRB- two years earlier , permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane , then landed ashore .",
          "c_entity": [
            "juan de bermúdez",
            "english virginia company",
            "sea venture"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572907353f37b31900477fa1_s",
              "question": "Who was the first European researcher to arrive in Bermuda?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Juan de Bermúdez",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first known European explorer to reach Bermuda?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8450_s",
          "context": ", Napoleon had realized that the strategic situation had changed fundamentally . Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies , he decided to strike first and turned his army 's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine . His basic objective was to destroy the isolated Austrian armies in Southern Germany before their Russian allies could arrive . On 25 September , after great secrecy and feverish marching , 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km -LRB- 160 mi -RRB- . Austrian commander Karl Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia . Napoleon swung his forces to the southeast and the Grande Armée performed an elaborate wheeling movement that outflanked the Austrian positions . The Ulm Maneuver completely surprised General Mack , who belatedly understood that his army had been cut off . After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm , Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement . , Napoleon had managed to capture a total of 60,000 Austrian soldiers through his army 's rapid marching . For the French . After Trafalgar , Britain had total domination of the seas for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "the late 19th century",
            "25 september",
            "august 1805",
            "21 october"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726903d5951b619008f76b0_s",
              "question": "When did the French army begin to cross the Rhine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 September",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " On what date did French troops begin to cross the Rhine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6295_s",
          "context": "There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments , evaluations , or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur . A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon -LRB- for example , The Passions , Emotions and the Meaning of Life , 1993 -RRB- . Solomon claims that emotions are judgments . He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ` standard objection ' to cognitivism , the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion , so judgment can not be identified with emotion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nico frijda",
            "robert c. solomon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a68cf6d058f1900182e26_s",
              "question": "Who wrote down the passion, emotion and significance of life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert C. Solomon",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17453_s",
          "context": "To the southwest , the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish . In 1199 , Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities . In 1202 he conquered Kiev , and assumed the title of Grand Duke of Kievan Rus ' , which was held by the rulers of Vladimir-Suzdal since 1169 . His son -- 1264 -RRB- looked for support from the West . He accepted a crown as a `` Rex Rusiae '' -LRB- `` King of Russia '' -RRB- from the Roman papacy , apparently doing so without breaking with Constantinople . In 1370 , the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople granted the King of Poland a metropolitan for his Russian subjects . Lithuanian rulers also requested and received a metropolitan for Novagrudok shortly afterwards . Cyprian , a candidate pushed by the Lithuanian rulers , became Metropolitan of Kiev in 1375 and metropolitan of Moscow in 1382 ; this way the church in the Russian countries was reunited for some time . In 1439 , Kiev became the seat of a separate `` Metropolitan of Kiev .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eastern orthodox church",
            "greek orthodox christians",
            "of kievan",
            "roman mstislavich",
            "daniil",
            "kievan rus",
            "galich"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731417005b4da19006bcf5f_s",
              "question": "Who united the two separate princesses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Roman Mstislavich",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who united the two previously separated principalities?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17345_s",
          "context": "The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established . This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council -LRB- liqoqo -RRB- . Despite such opposition . Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up .",
          "c_entity": [
            "9 september 1964",
            "1967",
            "november 1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573024eda23a5019007fce53_s",
              "question": "When did the constitution of Swaziland come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1963",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8636_s",
          "context": "The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo . , located in the Buceo neighborhood . Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there . The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828 . However , in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth . A section of the cemetery , known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors , contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities , although the majority are of British descent . , is buried here .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry de costa",
            "thomas samuel hood",
            "cementerio del buceo",
            "united states marine",
            "cementerio británico",
            "cementerio paso molino",
            "cementerio del cerro"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d5a3271a42140099d27e_s",
              "question": "Who bought a property on behalf of the British?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17861_s",
          "context": "In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family , Zhu Zhiliang , who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs , and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners . , and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1725",
            "1750"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57313b7c05b4da19006bcef3_s",
              "question": "When did Yong Zheng give this title?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1725",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Yongzheng give this title?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14980_s",
          "context": "In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding. Several projects have been proposed to extend rail service back to these areas, but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation. These projects include the proposed Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail offers direct service to the Philadelphia International Airport.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1981"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac493111d821400f38d46_s",
              "question": "When was the nun's service interrupted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did SEPTA service get cut?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15470_s",
          "context": "On 15 July 1974 , to unite the island with Greece . The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson . In response to the coup , five days later , on 20 July 1974 , the Turkish army invaded the island , citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee .",
          "c_entity": [
            "makarios iii",
            "dimitrios ioannides",
            "united nations",
            "nikos sampson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e87d3c246551400ce42e6_s",
              "question": "Who will succeed President Makarios III?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikos Sampson",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced president Makarios Ill?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2519_s",
          "context": "In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft.",
          "c_entity": [
            "korolev"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e087477aa994140058e5b8_s",
              "question": "Who started developing the R-7 semiyoka missile?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Korolev",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began developing the  R-7 Semyorka rocket?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9735_s",
          "context": ", numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen 's lengthy audio and video catalogue . -- Live at the Bowl -RRB- , and two Greatest Video Hits -LRB- Volumes 1 and 2 . So far , only two of the band 's albums , A Night at the Opera and The Game , have been fully remixed into high-resolution multichannel surround on DVD-Audio . A Night at the Opera was re-released with some revised 5.1 mixes and accompanying videos in 2005 for the 30th anniversary of the album 's original release -LRB- CD+DVD - Video set -RRB- . , Queen Rock Montreal & Live Aid , was released , marking their first project in 1080p HD .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980s",
            "1982",
            "2007",
            "night",
            "may",
            "2005",
            "1986",
            "previously",
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dd46f1498d1400e8edd0_s",
              "question": "When was Queen's night published in the opera house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 439
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1330_s",
          "context": ", with Jena Irene as the runner-up .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jena irene",
            "caleb johnson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3123e7c41114004b4f14_s",
              "question": "Who is second this season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jena Irene",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the runner up this season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1043_s",
          "context": "West 's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy , and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry . During the ceremony , West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that , instead , nominated for the same award , was `` one of the best videos of all time '' . He was subsequently withdrawn from the remainder of the show for his actions . , and it was suggested that the incident was partially responsible for 808s & Heartbreak 's lack of nominations at the 52nd Grammy Awards .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beyoncé",
            "taylor swift",
            "lady gaga"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf6b6f4df3c31400b0d76c_s",
              "question": "From whom did Kanye take over the microphone and make a statement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taylor Swift",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From who did Kanye grab the mic from to make his statement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1732_s",
          "context": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15 , 1960 . The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fulbert youlou",
            "alphonse massamba-débat"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dceb899a695914005b9474_s",
              "question": "Who replaced you?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alphonse Massamba-Débat",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Youlou?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2142_s",
          "context": "The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the \"art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them\" contributes \"to his mental health, power, and pleasure\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "john ruskin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e472028c00841900fbaf8b_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of seven architectural lights?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Ruskin",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4214_s",
          "context": "Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers).",
          "c_entity": [
            "kazakhstan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f73db4aef2371900625a41_s",
              "question": "Where is Slav's largest minority?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kazakhstan",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the largest Slavic minority located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15787_s",
          "context": "In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. In Chinese cultural traditions, red is associated with weddings (where brides traditionally wear red dresses) and red paper is frequently used to wrap gifts of money or other objects. Special red packets (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóng bāo in Mandarin or lai see in Cantonese) are specifically used during Chinese New Year celebrations for giving monetary gifts. On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died. Red is also associated with either the feminine or the masculine (yin and yang respectively), depending on the source. The Little Red Book, a collection of quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was published in 1966 and widely distributed thereafter.",
          "c_entity": [
            "mao tse-tung"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573153a7a5e9cc1400cdbe84_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the red brochure?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chairman Mao Tse-Tung",
                  "answer_start": 1068
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Little Red Book?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18541_s",
          "context": "In June 1943 a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become President of the United States after the war . Believing that a general should not participate in politics , one author later wrote that `` figuratively speaking , -LSB- Eisenhower -RSB- kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office '' . , Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job `` from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe '' , and another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1948",
            "1947",
            "future",
            "june 1943",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324f330fdd8d15006c6955_s",
              "question": "When was Eisenhower proposed to be president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1943",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was it suggested to Eisenhower that he might one day become president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16865_s",
          "context": "By the spring of 49 BC , the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon , the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army , and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome . , but failed to follow up on the victory , and was decisively defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC , despite outnumbering Caesar 's forces two to one , albeit with inferior quality troops . , this time to Egypt , where he was murdered .",
          "c_entity": [
            "caesar",
            "pompey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c3_s",
              "question": "Who decided to attack the Greek city of Pompeii?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caesar",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6967_s",
          "context": "Melbourne rates highly in education , entertainment , health care , research and development , tourism and sport , making it the world 's most liveable city -- for the fifth year in a row in 2015 , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit . It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region , and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index . Referred to as Australia 's `` cultural capital '' , it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , the Australian film and television industries , and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle . , music and theatre . It is home to many of Australia 's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground .",
          "c_entity": [
            "national gallery of victoria",
            "unesco city of literature",
            "state library of victoria",
            "economist intelligence unit"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e5eae0dc6ce1900204fbf_s",
              "question": "Who says Melbourne is the most valuable city in the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Economist Intelligence Unit",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18735_s",
          "context": "Studies of this kind outside of Europe are even rarer , so it is difficult to make generalizations , 2001 -RRB- . , 2007 -RRB- and it is likely that police intelligence sharing and information exchange has a common morphology around the world -LRB- Ratcliffe , 2007 -RRB- . James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of ` organizational pathologies ' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic . He argues that transnational police information circuits help to `` compose the panic scenes of the security-control society '' . The paradoxical effect is that , the harder policing agencies work to produce security , the greater are feelings of insecurity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ratcliffe",
            "north",
            "europe",
            "america"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b8ac328d98190060202b_s",
              "question": "Where are cross-border police jobs most investigated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "outside of Europe",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has cross-border policing been most under-studied?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11001_s",
          "context": "The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant , with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country . , just before John Calvin arrived there . One canton , Appenzell . The larger cities and their cantons -LRB- Bern , Geneva , Lausanne , Zürich and Basel -RRB- used to be predominantly Protestant . Central Switzerland , the Valais , the Ticino , Appenzell Innerrhodes , the Jura , and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic . , under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg , consciously defines a consociational state , allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants . A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9 % of the voters . Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority , not because they were growing in members , quite the contrary , such as Basel-City -LRB- 42 % -RRB- , canton of Neuchâtel -LRB- 38 % -RRB- , canton of Geneva -LRB- 35 % -RRB- , canton of Vaud -LRB- 26 % -RRB- , or Zürich city -LRB- city : > 25 % ; canton : 23 % -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "1848",
            "1597",
            "1980",
            "about 1970",
            "1536"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b9ba4b864d1900163b90_s",
              "question": "When was the demand for complete separation of church and state rejected by the majority of voters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 708
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9145_s",
          "context": "The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income . Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation -LRB- BSEC -RRB- . , and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency , replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro . Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1982",
            "january 2001",
            "19 june 2000",
            "2013",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265cec708984140094c390_s",
              "question": "When did Greece start using the euro as its currency?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2001",
                  "answer_start": 257
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2899_s",
          "context": "Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios. Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California. Distribution and other corporate offices are in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced \"LEM-lee\"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1912"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df4f268bc80c19004e4a4e_s",
              "question": "When was universal studios founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 466
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Universal Studios created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12213_s",
          "context": "On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place. They also invited other republics to join the CIS. Gorbachev called it an unconstitutional coup. However, by this time there was no longer any reasonable doubt that, as the preamble of the Accords put it, \"the USSR, as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality, is ceasing its existence.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 8"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fea_s",
              "question": "When was the meeting held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 8",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the meeting held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8716_s",
          "context": "Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.",
          "c_entity": [
            "wembley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725fc3b89a1e219009ac134_s",
              "question": "Where does Arsenal play because of the increase in seats?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wembley",
                  "answer_start": 529
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Arsenal play matches because of increased seating capacity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7047_s",
          "context": "John was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election. He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole. He barred Langton from entering England and seized the lands of the archbishopric and other papal possessions. Innocent set a commission in place to try to convince John to change his mind, but to no avail. Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1208"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5be2fed7b91900d4591f_s",
              "question": "When did innocent Britain issue the ban?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1208",
                  "answer_start": 544
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when did Innocent place an interdict on England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6458_s",
          "context": ". As commercial flying increased , the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control -LRB- ATC -RRB- along the airways . In 1936 , the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system . The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps , blackboards , and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936",
            "1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9a06d058f190018305a_s",
              "question": "When did buerau take over the air traffic control system and start it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1936",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Buerau take over and begin to expant the ATC system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4181_s",
          "context": "Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music . Notable examples are Walt Disney 's Fantasia ?",
          "c_entity": [
            "johann mouse",
            "warner bros.",
            "jerry",
            "walt disney",
            "doc",
            "tom"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b5_s",
              "question": "Who made Fantasia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Walt Disney",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who produced Fantasia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10951_s",
          "context": "During World War II, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the Germans, but Switzerland was never attacked. Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion. Under General Henri Guisan central command, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered. The Swiss military strategy was changed from one of static defence at the borders to protect the economic heartland, to one of organised long-term attrition and withdrawal to strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Reduit. Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides in the conflict and often mediated communications between the Axis and Allied powers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "henri guisan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278395f1498d1400e8fa51_s",
              "question": "Who was the commander of the Swiss central command during World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Henri Guisan",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of the Swiss central command during World War II?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2558_s",
          "context": "The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz . The goal was to complete Komarov 's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2 . Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters -LRB- 660 ft -RRB- of each other , then cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy took control . He got within 40 meters -LRB- 130 ft -RRB- of his target , but was unable to dock before expending 90 percent of his maneuvering fuel , due to a piloting error that put his spacecraft into the wrong orientation and forced Soyuz 2 to automatically turn away from his approaching craft . The first docking of Soviet spacecraft was finally realised in January 1969 by the Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 missions . It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft , and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 26, 1968",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10477e3433e1400422ac5_s",
              "question": "When was the first successful docking between the two teams?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1969",
                  "answer_start": 666
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7269_s",
          "context": "About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico . This was a typical Roman city in its conception , as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta , the imperial road that connected the province to Rome , the capital of the empire . The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen . Here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus , which remain the two main axes of the city .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d6ae3b3d812140066d8ad_s",
              "question": "Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8708_s",
          "context": "The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors. From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname \"The Gunners\", in the 1990s.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ed5b271a42140099d337_s",
              "question": "Where does the design of art decoration badge get remarkable application?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Highbury Stadium",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Art Deco style badge design used prominently?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8213_s",
          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore , wrote of attending lodges there in 1715 . , based in Pennsylvania . , which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army . , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
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            "london"
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            {
              "id": "5726596df1498d1400e8dcd5_s",
              "question": "Where is the provincial master headquarters in North America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pennsylvania",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Provincial Grand Master for North America was base where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5020_s",
          "context": "The most notable fraud conviction was that of Gordon Foxley . Police claimed he received at least £ 3.5 m in total in corrupt payments , such as substantial bribes from overseas arms contractors aiming to influence the allocation of contracts .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9851f9b226e1400dd14fc_s",
              "question": "Who was convicted of fraud by the Department of defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gordon Foxley",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who in the MoD was convicted of fraud?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-232_s",
          "context": ", Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin , and composed a set of variations , Souvenir de Paganini . It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études , -LRB- 1829 -- 32 -RRB- , exploring the capacities of his own instrument . , he made his debut in Vienna . He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews -- in addition to some commenting -LRB- in Chopin 's own words -RRB- that he was `` too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists '' . In one of these concerts , he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano , Op. 2 -LRB- variations on an aria from Mozart 's opera Don Giovanni -RRB- for piano and orchestra . He returned to Warsaw in September 1829 , where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf6af94df3c31400b0d764_s",
              "question": "When did Chopin return to Warsaw?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1829",
                  "answer_start": 737
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Chopin return to Warsaw?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14173_s",
          "context": "Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes , Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km2 -LRB- 34 sq mi -RRB- in area , enclosed by the 35 km -LRB- 22 mi -RRB- ring road , the Boulevard Périphérique . The city 's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements -LRB- municipal boroughs -RRB- . From the 1860 area of 78 km2 -LRB- 30 sq mi -RRB- . , the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the city , bringing its area to about 105 km2 -LRB- 41 sq mi -RRB- . The metropolitan area of the city is 2,300 km2 -LRB- 890 sq mi -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1929",
            "the 1920s",
            "1860"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c8d83acd2414000dfe61_s",
              "question": "When was the last time Paris annexed a remote area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1860",
                  "answer_start": 290
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Paris' last annexation of outlying territories?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4599_s",
          "context": "A mummified man , determined to be 5,000 years old , was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian -- Italian border in 1991 . By the 6th century BC . , and the Romans had settlements in the region . In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000 . The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists , writers , and artists , in particular the Romantics , followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks . In World War II .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82171a6d7ea1400e173ea_s",
              "question": "Who is going through the mountain pass with 40000 troops?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8133_s",
          "context": ", Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto , a mixture of pitch and bitumen , was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone . , by `` a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys , states that he had discovered the existence -LRB- of asphaltum -RRB- in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel '' , and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways -- `` principally in the construction of air-proof granaries , and in protecting , by means of the arches , the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth '' , which at that time made the water unusable . `` He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces '' in palaces , `` the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation '' . Then , there was a surge of interest , and asphalt became widely used `` for pavements , flat roofs , and the lining of cisterns , and in England , some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes '' . Its rise in Europe was `` a sudden phenomenon '' , after natural deposits were found `` in France at Osbann -LRB- BasRhin -RRB- , the Parc -LRB- l'Ain -RRB- and the Puy-de-la-Poix -LRB- Puy-de-Dome -RRB- '' , although it could also be made artificially .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b46e632177014007ea065_s",
              "question": "When did Veron make his comments?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1553",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8095_s",
          "context": "Marwan was succeeded by his son -- 705 -RRB- , who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate . , which was based in Kufa . , to the caliphate . , defeating them at the river Khazir near Mosul . In 691 , Umayyad troops reconquered Iraq , and in 692 the same army captured Mecca .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "marwan",
            "al-mukhtar",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa39d10f8ca1400305221_s",
              "question": "Who is Abdul Malik's father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marwan",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the father of Abd al-Malik?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9471_s",
          "context": "According to the latest nationwide census , followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3 % . Other religions , atheists or not specified constituted 38.8 % of the population at the time . , and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church . Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states .",
          "c_entity": [
            "north",
            "east germany",
            "south",
            "west",
            "hamburg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295d303f37b319004782b6_s",
              "question": "Where is the secular majority?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hamburg and the East German states",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is there a non-religious majority?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6577_s",
          "context": "In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution , the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States , without consulting the Shawnee , Cherokee , Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there . Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British , the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties , and began dividing these lands for settlement . This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly . President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region , which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1794",
            "1791"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b4156ec8fbc190045b91e_s",
              "question": "When was the decisive battle fought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1794",
                  "answer_start": 697
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was this deciding battle fought?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1329_s",
          "context": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.",
          "c_entity": [
            "night"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d381bd59d6e4140014659e_s",
              "question": "When was the 13th and 500th episode of American Idol on air?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Top 3 performance night",
                  "answer_start": 263
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2571_s",
          "context": "Salyut 1 's orbit was increased to prevent premature reentry , but further piloted flights were delayed while the Soyuz was redesigned to fix the new safety problem . The station re-entered the Earth 's atmosphere on October 11 . , but a rocket failure caused it to fail to achieve orbit . After the DOS-2 failure , with another failure due to an explosion of the final rocket stage , which punctured the station with shrapnel so that it would n't hold pressure . While all of the Salyuts were presented to the public as non-military scientific laboratories , some of them were actually covers for the military Almaz reconnaissance stations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "175 days",
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            "july 29, 1972",
            "1975"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10ff6e3433e1400422b70_s",
              "question": "When will Salyut 1 return to earth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 11",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15424_s",
          "context": ", the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements , and in 1988 , Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police . In 1987 , although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons , and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons . The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition , formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group . A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled , and in turn , 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching . In October 1993 , elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata , while in September 1995 . The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists .",
          "c_entity": [
            "misrata",
            "tripoli",
            "rabta",
            "benghazi",
            "u.s."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731860d05b4da19006bd22f_s",
              "question": "Where did the strike fail in 1993?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Misrata",
                  "answer_start": 713
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16701_s",
          "context": "Instruments like the duduk , the dhol , the zurna , and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music . One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia . Many of these chants are ancient in origin , extending to pre-Christian times , while others are relatively modern , including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots , the inventor of the Armenian alphabet . Whilst under Soviet rule , for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "sayat nova"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd7b804bcaa1900d76daa_s",
              "question": "Who created the Armenian alphabet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saint Mesrop Mashtots",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the Armenian alphabet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17217_s",
          "context": ". Similarly . Reports on its findings are presented to the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom . During the February 2008 meeting of the British , it was agreed to set up a standing secretariat that would serve as a permanent ` civil service ' for the Council . Leading on from developments in the British , the chair of the British , Niall Blaney , has suggested that the body should shadow the British .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57303fedb2c2fd1400568af5_s",
              "question": "Who suggested that the inter parliamentary meeting between the UK and Ireland be very seriously committed to the work of the UK and Ireland parliaments?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Niall Blaney",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who recommended that the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly should look very closely at the work that the British-Irish Council does?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-327_s",
          "context": ", '' and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler , Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen , an official title . According to the Records of the Founding Emperor , while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin , Buddhist scriptures , and sarira .",
          "c_entity": [
            "buddha",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd5f5b62d2951400fa654e_s",
              "question": "Who is the second cannibal ruler?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the second Phagmodru ruler?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5458_s",
          "context": "Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States , the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people . Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States , because , as she put it , he displayed `` almost every trope of blackness '' . , noting , `` Mr Clinton , according to Toni Morrison , the Nobel Prize-winning novelist , is our first black President , the first to come from the broken home , the alcoholic mother , the under-the-bridge shadows of our ranking systems . Thus , we may have lost the mystical power to divine diabolism , but we can still divine blackness by the following symptoms : broken homes , alcoholic mothers . '' Some black activists were also offended , claiming that Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain as no other president had before , while not serving black interests . They cite the lack of action during the Rwandan Genocide and his welfare reform . Others cited that the number of black people in jail increased during his administration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christopher hitchens",
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            {
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              "question": "Who says Bill Clinton is \"black\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Toni Morrison",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described Bill Clinton as \"Black\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7187_s",
          "context": ". , but at a fraction of the cost . In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hour",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d9d71df2f5219002ed048_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. Navy test the railings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2008",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
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              "original_question": "When did the United States Navy test a railgun?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2985_s",
          "context": "The Bell family home was in Cambridge , Massachusetts , until 1880 when Bell 's father-in-law bought a house in Washington , D.C. , so that they could be with him while he attended to the numerous court cases involving patent disputes .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfa0c238dc421700152130_s",
              "question": "When did Mabel and her father move to Washington.?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1880",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Mabel's father move to Washington D.C.?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-468_s",
          "context": ". , who tells him about Spectre , a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged . Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting , where he identifies the leader , Franz Oberhauser . , a Spectre assassin . , a subsidiary of Spectre . , who was presumed dead years earlier .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf33afaab44d1400b88e27_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the ghost?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franz Oberhauser",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the leader of Spectre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14402_s",
          "context": "Torii Mototada -LRB- 1539 . On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara , he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east . Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible . In an act of loyalty to his lord , Torii chose to remain behind , pledging that he and his men would fight to the finish . As was custom , Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive . In a dramatic last stand . In a moving last statement to his son Tadamasa , he wrote :",
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            "1600"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f45c6aef0514001548b1_s",
              "question": "When was Tori mototada born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1539",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Torii Mototada born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16696_s",
          "context": ", and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997 , as well as a program of state property privatisation . Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management , including increasing revenue collection , improving the investment climate , and making strides against corruption . However , unemployment , still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 1994",
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            "currently"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd240a23a5019007fca42_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia pass the privatization law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7036_s",
          "context": ". Louis gave up his claim to the English throne and signed the Treaty of Lambeth .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william marshal",
            "henry iii",
            "lincoln",
            "magna carta",
            "john",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c561eb3d812140066d142_s",
              "question": "Who gave up on the British throne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave up their claim to the English throne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16649_s",
          "context": "Tucson 's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10 . The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating station has been online since 1962 as is exempt from many pollution standards and controls due to its age . Federal , state , and even local utility credits and incentives have also enticed residents to equip homes with solar systems . Davis-Monthan AFB has a 3.3 Megawatt -LRB- MW -RRB- ground-mounted solar photovoltaic -LRB- PV -RRB- array and a 2.7 MW rooftop-mounted PV array , both of which are located in the Base Housing area . , to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base .",
          "c_entity": [
            "300 days",
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            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5734415c879d6814001ca412_s",
              "question": "When did Tucson start the main power plant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 349
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tucson's main power plant begin operation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8644_s",
          "context": "The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque. The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725dcfb271a42140099d2b3_s",
              "question": "Where is the Torres Garcia museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Old Town",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Museo Torres Garcia is located where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-230_s",
          "context": "Four boarders at his parents ' apartments became Chopin 's intimates : Tytus Woyciechowski , Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki , Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana ; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu . He was friendly with members of Warsaw 's young artistic and intellectual world , including Fontana , Józef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki . He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska . In letters to Woyciechowski , he indicated which of his works , and even which of their passages , were influenced by his fascination with her -- `` It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime -- by moonlight . '' His final Conservatory report -LRB- July 1829 -RRB- read : `` Chopin F. , third-year student , exceptional talent , musical genius . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "15 may 1830"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf67c74df3c31400b0d730_s",
              "question": "When did Chopin get his last conservation report?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1829",
                  "answer_start": 684
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15142_s",
          "context": "Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Kant commits an agnostic tautology and does not offer a satisfactory answer as to the source of a philosophical right to such-or-other metaphysical claims ; he ridicules his pride in tackling `` the most difficult thing that could ever be undertaken on behalf of metaphysics . '' The famous `` thing-in-itself '' was called a product of philosophical habit , which seeks to introduce a grammatical subject : because wherever there is cognition , there must be a thing that is cognized and allegedly it must be added to ontology as a being -LRB- whereas , to Nietzsche , only the world as ever changing appearances can be assumed -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b734bf75d5e190021fde6_s",
              "question": "Who criticized Kant's agnostic taunt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4314_s",
          "context": "Southampton 's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary . The main base of the Southampton operation is a new , eight storey purpose-built building which cost £ 30 million to construct . The building , located on Southern Road , opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station . , the central Southampton operation was located within the west wing of the Civic Centre , however the ageing facilities and the plans of constructing a new museum in the old police station and magistrates court necessitated the move . There are additional police stations at Portswood , Banister Park , Bitterne , and Shirley as well as a British Transport Police station at Southampton Central railway station .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fec_s",
              "question": "When was the new eight story police headquarters opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the brand new, eight-story police headquarters open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15531_s",
          "context": ", about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games , was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world -LRB- the first being Schindler 's List -RRB- . The film is based on Vengeance , a book by Canadian journalist George Jonas . The film received strong critical praise , but underperformed at the U.S. and world box-office . Munich received five Academy Awards nominations , including Best Picture , Film Editing , Best Adapted Screenplay .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5731949b497a881900249081_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"revenge\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Jonas",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'Vengeance'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10646_s",
          "context": ", the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne 's later work : first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint , thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision , and second his interest in the simplification of natural forms into cylinders , spheres , and cones . However , the cubists explored this concept further than Cézanne . They represented all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane , as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time . This new kind of depiction revolutionized the way objects could be visualized in painting and art .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a47e5951b619008f78c8_s",
              "question": "Who has studied the concept of ball post and shape simplification in ball?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cézanne",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2115_s",
          "context": ", the Supreme Court has been less stringent . -RRB- 1 , 42 -LRB- 1825 -RRB- . While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function , he distinguished between `` important '' subjects and mere details . Marshall wrote that `` a general provision may be made , and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions , to fill up the details . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56de385ccffd8e1900b4b68f_s",
              "question": "Who is the supreme judge of the Supreme Court in Weiman v. sosad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Marshall",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was chief justice of the supreme court under the Wayman v. Southard ruling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-434_s",
          "context": ", Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics , including writers for 1UP.com , Computer and Video Games , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Game Informer , GamesRadar , IGN , and The Washington Post . , the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label . A high-definition port for the Wii U , The Legend of Zelda : Twilight Princess HD , will be released in March 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cd8b5862d2951400fa66a4_s",
              "question": "When will the HD version of \"Twilight Princess\" start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2016",
                  "answer_start": 412
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the HD version of Twilight Princess slated for launch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5485_s",
          "context": "Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kim philby"
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            {
              "id": "5705f88475f01819005e77f0_s",
              "question": "Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was a reporter for the times in Spain in the late 1930s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kim Philby",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1615_s",
          "context": "Despite the dominance of the above formula , there are documented attempts of the financial industry , occurring before the crisis , to address the formula limitations , specifically the lack of dependence dynamics and the poor representation of extreme events . The volume `` Credit Correlation : Life After Copulas '' , summarizes a 2006 conference held by Merrill Lynch in London where several practitioners attempted to propose models rectifying some of the copula limitations . See also the article by Donnelly and Embrechts and the book by Brigo , Pallavicini and Torresetti , that reports relevant warnings and research on CDOs appeared in 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733558fd058e614000b586f_s",
              "question": "When did an article by Donnelly and embrents contain warnings and Research on CDO?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did relevant warnings and research on CDOs appear in an article by Donnelly and Embrechts?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8043_s",
          "context": "During the years 1940-1955 , the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2 % per year to 8 % per year , then returned to the historical rate of 2 % per year . The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years . Vaccine development continued to accelerate . The vaccine process was never patented , but was instead given to pharmaceutical companies to manufacture as a low-cost generic . , which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species . It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90 % of the children in the United States . The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production . In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states cancer institute",
            "national foundation for infantile paralysis",
            "merck sharp & dohme",
            "jonas salk",
            "maurice hilleman"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ab7b210f8ca1400305313_s",
              "question": "Who says SV40 has nothing to do with cancer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States Cancer Institute",
                  "answer_start": 897
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8598_s",
          "context": "On 3 February 1807 , British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo -LRB- 1807 -RRB- -- roughly the same area as modern Uruguay -- and of Buenos Aires . After this conflict , the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de Elío opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers , and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain , in defiance of Liniers . Elío disestablished the Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2 september"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b8f638643c19005acbcb_s",
              "question": "When did the British Army take over the city of Montevideo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "3 February 1807",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did British troops occupy the city of Montevideo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-356_s",
          "context": ". According to him , the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a `` mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron , '' respectively . He adds that `` Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans , it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "ming",
            "california academy of sciences",
            "p. christiaan klieger",
            "mongols",
            "republic of china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d3_s",
              "question": "Who thinks father Christian Clegg has taken over the former tributaries of the Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Republic of China and its Communist successors",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4401_s",
          "context": ". In 1935 , working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern . , a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War . In 1936 . In 1937 , Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY , Milan Gorkić , murdered in Moscow .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nkvd",
            "milan gorkić",
            "zagreb provincial committee",
            "tito",
            "milovan đilas",
            "boris kidrič",
            "walter",
            "communist party of yugoslavia",
            "aleksandar ranković",
            "central committee",
            "stalin",
            "edvard kardelj",
            "dimitrov battalion"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735b_s",
              "question": "Who did Stalin kill in 1937?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Milan Gorkić",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15723_s",
          "context": "The city also had a large class of free people of color . , 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston , nearly 18 % of the city 's black population , and 8 % of the total population . Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves . Many were educated , practiced skilled crafts , and some even owned substantial property , including slaves . In 1790 , they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid , initially as a burial society .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1945",
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            "1860"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302879947a6a140053d1cb_s",
              "question": "When was the brown fellowship founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1790",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12374_s",
          "context": ", RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record , marketed as program-transcription discs . These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc . RCA Victor 's early introduction of a long-play disc was a commercial failure for several reasons including the lack of affordable , reliable consumer playback equipment and consumer wariness during the Great Depression . Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period -LRB- and RCA 's own parched revenues -RRB- , Victor 's long-playing records were discontinued by early 1933 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931",
            "early 1933",
            "about ten minutes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a6242ca10214002d92de_s",
              "question": "When was the long game board set up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1933",
                  "answer_start": 654
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "By when were long play records discontinued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-611_s",
          "context": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.",
          "c_entity": [
            "fiorello la guardia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cee7edaab44d1400b88c69_s",
              "question": "Who was mayor of New York during the depression?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fiorello La Guardia",
                  "answer_start": 292
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12030_s",
          "context": ", a regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton . Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540 . , while Pardo traveled further , and built and garrisoned five other forts . In the spring of 1568 , natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior . Although the Spanish never returned to the interior .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "united states",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278177708984140094df71_s",
              "question": "Where will Jola be today?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "near present-day Morganton",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where would present day Joara be?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3213_s",
          "context": "The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783 . German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen that later were called Zeppelins . , they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident . Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efb_s",
              "question": "When was the hydrogen balloon invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1783",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4660_s",
          "context": "After the fall of Napoléon , many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion . Thus , such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by . The later indeed became very popular after the construction of a paved road ordered by Napoléon Bonaparte . The Barrière de l'Esseillon is a serie of forts with heavy batteries , built on a cliff with a perfect view on the valley , a gorge on one side and steep mountains on the other side .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "napoléon bonaparte",
            "charlemagne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f30_s",
              "question": "Who ordered a paved road to be built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoléon Bonaparte",
                  "answer_start": 260
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the construction of a paved road?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6628_s",
          "context": "In the new commercial climate glam metal bands like Europe , and while many of these bands would re-unite again in the late 1990s or early 2000s , they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s . Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands ' commercial viability during the decade . Guns N ' Roses ' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade . Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990 . , the only original member , worked with a constantly changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete .",
          "c_entity": [
            "steven adler",
            "izzy stradlin",
            "sammy hagar",
            "ratt",
            "axl rose",
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            "van halen iii",
            "cinderella",
            "whitesnake",
            "slash",
            "gary cherone",
            "david lee roth"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b6fd2ec8fbc190045ba1f_s",
              "question": "Who is the dismissed drummer in the band?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Steven Adler",
                  "answer_start": 446
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Guns N Roses drummer who was fired by the band?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8195_s",
          "context": "In 1799 , English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation . In the wake of the French Revolution , the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation . The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt -LRB- who was not a Freemason -RRB- and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work . As a result , Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act , provided that each private lodge 's Secretary placed with the local `` Clerk of the Peace '' a list of the members of his lodge once a year .",
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            {
              "id": "5726367789a1e219009ac577_s",
              "question": "Who gave the Freemasonry an exception, the law of 1799?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prime Minister William Pitt",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave the Freemasons an exemption of the Act of 1799?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-234_s",
          "context": "; he would never return to Poland , thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration . In France he used the French versions of his given names , and after receiving French citizenship in 1835 , he travelled on a French passport . However , Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French . Chopin 's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French , despite his father 's French origins , and always saw himself as a Pole .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf6d3e4df3c31400b0d783_s",
              "question": "When did Chopin become a French citizen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1835",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17862_s",
          "context": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57313c06e6313a140071cd62_s",
              "question": "When was the contract written by kiyakta?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1727",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Kyakhta written?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-288_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique . Temperley says that in his works `` novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment '' , and cadences are delayed by the use of chords outside the home key -LRB- neapolitan sixths and diminished sevenths -RRB- , or by sudden shifts to remote keys . , as does Chopin 's use of modal harmony .",
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            {
              "id": "56d39fa059d6e41400146832_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Chopin's \"novel harmony effect\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Temperley",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote about Chopin's \"novel harmonic effects\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14235_s",
          "context": "The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple , near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes . It hosts several different schools of Buddhism , and does not have a single leader . It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe , more than nine metres high . There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement . A Hindu temple , dedicated to Ganesh , on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement , opened in 1985 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57290253af94a219006a9f2e_s",
              "question": "When did the Hindu temples on the streets of payo open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 438
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Hindu temple on Rue Pajol open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17141_s",
          "context": "The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars , most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628 , as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire , opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century . Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate , Iran came under the rule of the Arab caliphates of Umayyad and Abbasid . The prolonged and gradual process of the Islamization of Iran began following the conquest . Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later the Umayyad caliphates , both converted -LRB- mawali -RRB- and non-converted -LRB- dhimmi -RRB- Iranians were discriminated against , being excluded from the government and military , and having to pay a special tax called Jizya . Gunde Shapur , survived after the invasion , but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5730037bb2c2fd140056873a_s",
              "question": "When did the Arabs attack Iran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 7th century",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Arabs invade Iran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5842_s",
          "context": "In the constituent legislature or convention, the conservative and liberal elements formed using the nicknames of Chirrines and Cuchas. The military entered as a third party. The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed. The liberals gained control and the opposition responded by fomenting a conspiracy. This was promptly stopped with the aid of informers, and more strenuous measures were taken against the conservatives. Extra powers were conferred on the Durango governor, Santiago Baca Ortiz, deputy to the first national congress, and leader of the liberal party.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570711b19e06ca38007e9383_s",
              "question": "Who is governor of Durango?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Santiago Baca Ortiz",
                  "answer_start": 557
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Durango governor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6215_s",
          "context": ". It is situated in an area of South Kensington , known as Albertopolis , which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions , adjacent to the Natural History Museum , the Science Museum . Nearby public attractions include the Kensington Palace , Hyde Park and the Kensington Gardens , and the Brompton Oratory . , designed by Thomas Collcutt , of which only the 287 foot -LRB- 87 m -RRB- high Queen 's Tower remains among the more modern buildings .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570a55836d058f1900182d69_s",
              "question": "Who designed Imperial College? Is Imperial College a victim of imperial expansion in the 1950s and 1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Collcutt",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Imperial Institue that was a victim of Imperial's expansion in the 1950s & 1960s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2284_s",
          "context": "He continued his winning streak in the 1971 -- 74 competitions . In 1975 , Schwarzenegger was once again in top form , and won the title for the sixth consecutive time , beating Franco Columbu . After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest , Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who beat Schwarzenegger to win Mr. Olympia for the sixth time in a row?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franco Columbu",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Schwarzenegger beat to win his sixth Mr. Olympia in a row?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15969_s",
          "context": "During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang . After the Northern Xiongnu fled into the Ili River valley in AD 91 . , who consistently defeated Chinese armies . However , Tanshihuai 's confederation disintegrated after his death .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ili",
            "lake barkol",
            "dou gu",
            "ikh",
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            "yiwulu",
            "gansu",
            "manchuria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed370c246551400ce46f4_s",
              "question": "Where did the northern Huns escape in 91 A.D?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ili River valley",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Northern Xiongnu flee to in AD 91?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-453_s",
          "context": ", with series regular Koji Kondo serving as the sound supervisor . , providing all field and dungeon music under the supervision of Kondo . For the trailers , three pieces were written by different composers . Kondo 's piece was later chosen as music for the E3 2005 trailer and for the demo movie after the game 's title screen .",
          "c_entity": [
            "koji kondo",
            "yasuzo takemoto",
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            "mahito yokota",
            "michiru ōshima",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6795_s",
              "question": "Who created music in trailers and game demos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Koji Kondo",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the music used in the game's trailer and demo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4989_s",
          "context": "On Thursday , September 15 , 2011 , more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river . , overturned eight company vehicles , and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd . Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles , officials said . Chen Hongming , said the factory 's waste disposal had failed pollution tests since April . The environmental watchdog had warned the factory , but it had not effectively controlled the pollution , Chen added .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98d699e9bad19000a0aaf_s",
              "question": "Who was the deputy director of Haining Environmental Protection Bureau at that time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chen Hongming",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau at the time?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8632_s",
          "context": ". However , this plan came to fruition only in November 1723 , guns and colonists on his warship Nossa Senhora de Oliveara . They built a small square fortification . However , under siege from forces from Buenos Aires , after signing an agreement with the Spaniards .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5725d297271a42140099d24a_s",
              "question": "Where did the Spaniards come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buenos Aires",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the Spaniards emanating from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-88_s",
          "context": "Following the death of Freddie Gray , among other notable figures , met with his family . After the imprisonment of protesters of Gray 's death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beyoncé",
            "jay-z",
            "freddie gray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfb1fca10cfb1400551253_s",
              "question": "Who caused the protest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Freddie Gray",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who's death caused this protest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11379_s",
          "context": "In 1885 , British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference . The following year , it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie . In 1900 the company 's territory came under the control of the British government . On 1 January 1901 , and part of the British Empire , the foremost world power at the time . By war , and , in the Anglo-Aro War -LRB- 1901 -- 1902 -RRB- , defeated other opponents .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nigeria",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d331f1498d1400e8ec6e_s",
              "question": "Where was Britain's sovereignty over West Africa recognized in 1885?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Berlin Conference",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18567_s",
          "context": ", Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British , French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis , receiving praise from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser . He publicly disavowed his allies at the United Nations , and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt . Eisenhower explicitly defended his strong position against Britain and France in his memoirs , which were published in 1965 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1956",
            "1965"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732728be17f3d140042298d_s",
              "question": "When was Eisenhower's memoir published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 439
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year saw the publication of Eisenhower's memoirs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14008_s",
          "context": "On the island of Crete, along with the lyra and the laouto (lute), the mandolin is one of the main instruments used in Cretan Music. It appeared on Crete around the time of the Venetian rule of the island. Different variants of the mandolin, such as the \"mantola,\" were used to accompany the lyra, the violin, and the laouto. Stelios Foustalierakis reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were used to accompany the lyra in the beginning of the 20th century in the city of Rethimno. There are also reports that the mandolin was mostly a woman's musical instrument. Nowadays it is played mainly as a solo instrument in personal and family events on the Ionian islands and Crete.",
          "c_entity": [
            "stelios foustalierakis"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728aeb92ca10214002da5b3_s",
              "question": "Who reported that Mandolin and ingboragari were used for words?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stelios Foustalierakis",
                  "answer_start": 326
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were used to accompany the lyria? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4810_s",
          "context": "24th Street is in two parts . 25th Street , which is in three parts , and ends at Madison .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f93cda9e9bad19000a0818_s",
              "question": "Where is 25th Street?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madison",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does 25th Street end?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8790_s",
          "context": "Before Prince Albert 's death , the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments , and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace . Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England . Strauss 's `` Alice Polka '' was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen 's daughter . Under Victoria , Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls , in addition to the usual royal ceremonies , investitures and presentations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alice",
            "felix mendelssohn",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726145189a1e219009ac212_s",
              "question": "Who performed Alice Polka for Princess Alice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johann Strauss II",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who performed Alice Polka in honor of Princess Alice?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12374_s",
          "context": "In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. RCA Victor's early introduction of a long-play disc was a commercial failure for several reasons including the lack of affordable, reliable consumer playback equipment and consumer wariness during the Great Depression. Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period (and RCA's own parched revenues), Victor's long-playing records were discontinued by early 1933.",
          "c_entity": [
            "rca victor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a6242ca10214002d92dd_s",
              "question": "Who published the first commercial long play CD?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "RCA Victor",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who released the first commercial long play discs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1331_s",
          "context": "The fourteenth season premiered on January 7 , 2015 . , Jr. returned for their respective fourth , third and second seasons as judges . Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season .",
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            "randy jackson",
            "keith urban",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3827a59d6e414001465c3_s",
              "question": "Who didn't come back as a mentor in Season 14?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Randy Jackson",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14281_s",
          "context": "Daphne was a nymph , daughter of the river god Peneus , who had scorned Apollo . The myth explains the connection of Apollo with δάφνη -LRB- daphnē -RRB- . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Phoebus Apollo chaffs Cupid for toying with a weapon more suited to a man , whereupon Cupid wounds him with a golden dart ; simultaneously , however , Cupid shoots a leaden arrow into Daphne , causing her to be repulsed by Apollo . Following a spirited chase by Apollo , Daphne prays to her father , Peneus , for help , and he changes her into the laurel tree , sacred to Apollo .",
          "c_entity": [
            "delphi",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728db272ca10214002da9b9_s",
              "question": "Who is Daphne and her father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peneus",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Daphne's father?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3581_s",
          "context": ". Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL . He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz , where he returned to his concept of arena football . , he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz . By 1985 , the USFL had ceased football operations and he began devoting all his time to arena football , his concept was realized when the test game was played .",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 27, 1986",
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            "1982",
            "1985"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e797ef00c9c71400d77335_s",
              "question": "When did the University of Florida close?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the USFL shut down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4899_s",
          "context": "The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain , and theorized in some depth about how it might work . Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain , nerves , and muscles , demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves . He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called pneumata psychikon , usually translated as `` animal spirits '' . Galen 's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages , but not much further progress came until the Renaissance , when detailed anatomical study resumed , combined with the theoretical speculations of René Descartes and those who followed him . , like Galen , thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms . He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical res cogitans , but that the majority of behaviors of humans , and all behaviors of animals , could be explained mechanistically .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98eb09e9bad19000a0ac1_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word \"psychosis\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Roman physician Galen",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term pneumata psychikon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-255_s",
          "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.",
          "c_entity": [
            "milan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf4ee2aab44d1400b88fad_s",
              "question": "Where is the first fictional report on Chopin's life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Milan",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9871_s",
          "context": "In 1695 , the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland . Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada , and afflicted by malaria . The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland -- and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire . The episode also had major political consequences , persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries , rather than just crowns . , establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572668aef1498d1400e8deb8_s",
              "question": "When did Scotland issue the charter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1695",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Company of Scotland granted a charter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7171_s",
          "context": "In Britain and some other armies , the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence , although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However , during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to protect airfields everywhere , and this included light air defences . However , all ground-based air defence was removed from Royal Air Force -LRB- RAF -RRB- jurisdiction in 2004 . - defence missiles to protect key areas in the UK . During World War II the Royal Marines also provided air defence units ; formally part of the mobile naval base defence organisation , they were handled as an integral part of the army-commanded ground based air defences .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d8c74b3d812140066da22_s",
              "question": "When was the RAF ground defense completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 496
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was ground-based air defence taken from RAF?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5349_s",
          "context": "By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fddf75761e401900d28c18_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. Navy invent the electromechanical computer for submarines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US Navy invent an electromechanical computer to use on a submarine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6620_s",
          "context": "Emerging British acts included Free , which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US . After the breakup of the band in 1973 , vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company . The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock , evident in the works of Deep Purple , was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent . , producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling , which contained the proto-power ballad `` Love Hurts '' . , Queen , gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal , progressive rock , and even opera . The latter featured the single `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
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            "night",
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            "nine weeks",
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            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b6879ec8fbc190045b9ee_s",
              "question": "When is the free break-up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Free break up?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2652_s",
          "context": "There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfeec77aa994140058e28b_s",
              "question": "Where is the old ferry hotel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Holywell",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2123_s",
          "context": ". He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis . However , as well as to raise , fund and maintain the armed forces . , and requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate before they can assume their office .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3f73cffd8e1900b4b708_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for identifying the general and general?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Senate",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has the responsibility to confirm Generals and Admirals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9607_s",
          "context": "The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan . 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta 's Seibu , poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols . Other international department stores include Debenhams and Marks & Spencer . This department store is targeting middle up market with price range from affordable to luxury , poised to be the largest upscale department store . Galeries Lafayette , Debenhams , Harvey Nichols , Marks & Spencer , Seibu and Sogo are all operated by PT . Mitra Adiperkasa .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266ad8f1498d1400e8df1f_s",
              "question": "When will Sibu reopen in Jakarta?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Seibu, located in Jakarta, re-open? "
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          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4959_s",
          "context": "Resorting to this verbal device , however , did not protect the `` Ancient Near East '' from the inroads of `` the Middle East . '' For example , a high point in the use of `` Ancient Near East '' was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard , a textbook of first edition dated 1950 . The last great book written by Leonard Woolley , British archaeologist , excavator of ancient Ur and associate of T.E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans , was The Art of the Middle East , Including Persia , Mesopotamia and Palestine . The geographical ranges in each case are identical .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07de_s",
              "question": "When did James Bennett Pritchard write the textbook?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 347
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did James Bennett Pritchard write his textbook?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12567_s",
          "context": "Although Dominic and the early brethren had instituted female Dominican houses at Prouille and other places by 1227, some of the brethren of the order had misgivings about the necessity of female religious establishments in an order whose major purpose was preaching, a duty in which women could not traditionally engage. In spite of these doubts, women's houses dotted the countryside throughout Europe. There were seventy-four Dominican female houses in Germany, forty-two in Italy, nine in France, eight in Spain, six in Bohemia, three in Hungary, and three in Poland. Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women, such as Beguines, that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure. A number of these houses became centers of study and mystical spirituality in the 14th century. There were one hundred and fifty-seven nunneries in the order by 1358. In that year, the number lessened due to disasters like the Black Death.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e5a4ff5b5019007d97dd_s",
              "question": "Who was the religious women's organization that later converted to Dominica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beguines",
                  "answer_start": 673
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who were an order of religious women who later converted to Dominican?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9513_s",
          "context": ", which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895 . Though fiercely debated , the restaurant 's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich . Louis ' Lunch broils hamburgers , that hold the meat in place while it cooks .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3c136aef0514001553c2_s",
              "question": "When did Louis find his lunch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Louis's Lunch found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16913_s",
          "context": "Following various military conquests in the Greek East , Romans adapted a number of Greek educational precepts to their own fledgling system . They began physical training to prepare the boys to grow as Roman citizens and for eventual recruitment into the army . Conforming to discipline was a point of great emphasis . Girls generally received instruction from their mothers in the art of spinning , weaving , and sewing . Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200 BC . Education began at the age of around six , boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading , writing and counting . By the age of twelve , they would be learning Latin , Greek , grammar and literature , followed by training for public speaking . Oratory was an art to be practiced and learnt , and good orators commanded respect . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573054b8396df91900096081_s",
              "question": "When did academic training begin in the Republic of Rome?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "around 200 BC",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did academic schooling begin in the Roman Republic?"
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          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2903_s",
          "context": ", 1912 . Laemmle , who emerged as president in July 1912 , Powers , and Brulatour . Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle . The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company , with movie production , distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity , the central element of the Studio system era .",
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            {
              "id": "56e147e6cd28a01900c67729_s",
              "question": "Who was the president of Universal Studios in July 1912?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Laemmle",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the president of the Universal Film Manufacturing Company circa July 1912?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8000_s",
          "context": "Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information . Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process , as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War , meaning that most African Americans did not appear by name in those records . In addition , many white fathers who used slave women sexually , even those in long-term relationships like Thomas Jefferson 's with Sally Hemings , did not acknowledge their mixed-race slave children in records , so paternity was lost .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "571de3ebb64a571400c71dd9_s",
              "question": "Who is Thomas Jefferson related to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sally Hemings",
                  "answer_start": 523
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Thomas Jefferson in a relationship with?"
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1971_s",
          "context": ", including NDHQ . This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged . Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu . Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university , or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada . , and to a lesser extent , the world .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dee99f3277331400b4d7fc_s",
              "question": "Where do members of the Canadian Armed Forces go for training?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
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          "context": ", while the grounds at Karađorđevo were the site of `` diplomatic hunts '' . By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences , larger and small , the yacht Galeb -LRB- `` seagull '' -RRB- , a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane , and the Blue Train . , while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades . While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period , the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states , as public property , or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lake bled",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8360ca6d7ea1400e174ab_s",
              "question": "Where is \"diplomatic pursuit\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karađorđevo",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The grounds at what location were the site of \"diplomatic hunts\"?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15559_s",
          "context": ". , he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009 . ; however , the new -- 08 writers strike , the HFPA postponed his honor to the 2009 ceremony . , Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731d4c3b9d445190005e5a8_s",
              "question": "When did Spielberg, the visual effects Association, award the lifetime achievement award?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2009",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Visual Effects Society give Spielberg a Lifetime Achievement Award?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12258_s",
          "context": "After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959 , many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami , further increasing the population . The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South . , South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars , immigration from Haiti and Latin America , and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew . Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked , financial , and cultural center . It is the second-largest U.S. city -LRB- after El Paso , Texas -RRB- with a Spanish-speaking majority , and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a71fe7a1753140016af7c_s",
              "question": "When did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9869_s",
          "context": "England 's first permanent settlement in the Americas was founded in 1607 in Jamestown , led by Captain John Smith and managed by the Virginia Company . , thereby founding the Colony of Virginia . , but was largely unsuccessful . , Plymouth was founded as a haven for puritan religious separatists , later known as the Pilgrims . Fleeing from religious persecution would become the motive of many English would-be colonists to risk the arduous trans-Atlantic voyage . , England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland , renaming it New York . This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War , in exchange for Suriname . , the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. . The American colonies were less financially successful than those of the Caribbean , but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of English emigrants who preferred their temperate climates .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266787708984140094c4ed_s",
              "question": "When was Britain's first permanent settlement in the United States established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1607",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was England's first permanent settlement in the Americas founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12984_s",
          "context": "The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to \"the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history\". Culture in the sociological field can be defined as the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together shape a people's way of life. Culture can be any of two types, non-material culture or material culture. Non-material culture refers to the non physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief system, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions. While Material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make, or have made. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture past or present.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802a8ff5b5019007d9adc_s",
              "question": "Who describes culture as personal accomplishment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georg Simmel",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who referred to culture as a cultivation of individuals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11234_s",
          "context": "The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere . Philosophy , Fiqh and theology -LRB- kalaam -RRB- were further developed . Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy . , Khwarezm , Gorgan , Isfahan and Hamadan . , Abu Nasr Iraqi -LRB- a renowned mathematician -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b81fdd62a815002e8e05_s",
              "question": "Who is another philosopher in this golden age of Islam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Al-Farabi",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9864_s",
          "context": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms . In 1496 King Henry VII of England , following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration , commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic . Cabot sailed in 1497 , five years after the European discovery of America , and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland -LRB- mistakenly believing , that he had reached Asia -RRB- , there was no attempt to found a colony . Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christopher columbus",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726627bf1498d1400e8ddd1_s",
              "question": "Who hired John Cabot to travel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Henry VII of England",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned John Cabot's voyage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16958_s",
          "context": "After the Allied setbacks in 1943 , the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts . In the first months of 1944 , began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma , while the XV Corps began an advance along the coast in the Arakan Province . In February 1944 the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in the Arakan . After early Japanese success , this counter-attack was defeated when the Indian divisions of XV Corps stood firm , relying on aircraft to drop supplies to isolated forward units until reserve divisions could relieve them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joseph stilwell",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573223b8b9d445190005e837_s",
              "question": "Who sent the aircraft supplies to the quarantine until they could be released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "XV Corps",
                  "answer_start": 228
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did aircraft drop supplies to isolated units until they could be relieved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7928_s",
          "context": "In recent years , the city has experienced steady population growth , and has been faced with the issue of accommodating more residents . In 2006 , after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years , regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040 . However , former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60 % , or 350,000 people , by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle 's single-family housing zoning laws . , partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre . As a sign of increasing inner-city growth , the downtown population crested to over 60,000 in 2009 , up 77 % since 1990 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "greg nickels",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719f8ef4faf5e1900b8a859_s",
              "question": "Who wants Seattle to grow by 60% to 2040?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Greg Nickels",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to grow Seattle by 60% by 2040?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7772_s",
          "context": ", when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty . , outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners , among them all four women on the state 's death row . And during his two terms -LRB- 1979 , Bob Graham , although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others , agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of `` possible innocence '' or `` disproportionality . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57102482b654c5140001f85b_s",
              "question": "When did Bob Graham become governor of Florida?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12612_s",
          "context": "In 2005 , the Office of Fair Trading found fifty independent schools , to have breached the Competition Act by `` regularly and systematically '' exchanging information about planned increases in school fees . , each school was required to pay around £ 70,000 , totalling around £ 3.5 million , significantly less than the maximum possible fine . In addition , the schools together agreed to contribute another £ 3m to a new charitable educational fund . , and perhaps revoked . However , Jean Scott , said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business , were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other , and that they were unaware of the change to the law -LRB- on which they had not been consulted -RRB- . , saying , `` They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer . They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "jean scott",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727dea1ff5b5019007d972a_s",
              "question": "Who defended 50 schools accused of awarding prizes and claimed that they did not know about changes in the law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean Scott",
                  "answer_start": 489
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defended fifty schools accused of price-sharing, stating they were unaware the laws had changed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12894_s",
          "context": "The Governor of Michigan , Rick Snyder , declared a financial emergency for the city in March 2013 , appointing an emergency manager . On July 18 , 2013 , Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history . , 2013 ; he cited its $ 18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible . On November 7 , 2014 , allowing the city to begin the process of exiting bankruptcy . The City of Detroit successfully exited Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy with all finances handed back to the city at midnight on December 11 , 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b68d2ca10214002d9492_s",
              "question": "Who is the governor of Michigan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rick Snyder",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Governor in Michigan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11162_s",
          "context": ", in January and February 1853 . : 105 but that he had an obligation to the Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire. : 105 The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat , Prince Menshikov . By previous treaties , the sultan was committed `` to protect the -LRB- Eastern Orthodox -RRB- Christian religion and its churches . '' Menshikov demanded a Russian protectorate over all 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire . A compromise was reached regarding Orthodox access to the Holy Land , but the Sultan , strongly supported by the British ambassador , rejected the more sweeping demands .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ca375951b619008f7e2b_s",
              "question": "Who wants 12 million Orthodox Christians to rule the kingdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Menshikov",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted to ruled over the 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-482_s",
          "context": ", with production taking in the area around Sölden -- including the Ötztal Glacier Road , Rettenbach glacier and the adjacent ski resort and cable car station -- and Obertilliach and Lake Altaussee , before concluding in February 2015 . Scenes filmed in Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant , standing in for the fictional Hoffler Klinik , a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps . Filming included an action scene featuring a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport . Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig , who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene , and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured , at least one of them seriously .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 2014",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6955_s",
              "question": "When does the ghost recording in Austria end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2015",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Austrian filming of Spectre finish?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17380_s",
          "context": "Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story , `` The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County '' . He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original , the French translation , and a `` Private History of the ` Jumping Frog ' Story '' . The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared , unattributed to Twain , `` The Athenian and the Frog '' ; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain 's `` Jumping Frog '' story .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e4_s",
              "question": "Who uses a humorous example to illustrate this comparative inefficiency?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mark Twain",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12468_s",
          "context": "The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school; it is a form of atomism in natural philosophy. It postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), and one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements), quality, activity, commonness, particularity and inherence. Knowledge and liberation was achievable by complete understanding of the world of experience, according to Vaiśeṣika school . The Vaiśeṣika darśana is credited to Kaṇāda Kaśyapa from the second half of the first millennium BCE. The foundational text, the Vaiśeṣika Sūtra, opens as follows,",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279185f1498d1400e8fc5f_s",
              "question": "Who is vasecca Darsana's hero?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kaṇāda Kaśyapa",
                  "answer_start": 544
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9491_s",
          "context": ", state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut -LRB- and Massachusetts -RRB- to construct the Hartford Line , with a southern terminus at New Haven 's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield 's Union Station . According to the White House . The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts , improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served . '' Set for construction in 2013 , the `` Knowledge Corridor high speed intercity passenger rail '' project will cost approximately $ 1 billion , and the ultimate northern terminus for the project is reported to be Montreal in Canada .",
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              "id": "572962873f37b319004782ee_s",
              "question": "When will the construction of knowledge corridor begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 2013",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does the Knowledge Corridor line begins it's construction?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9841_s",
          "context": "In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic book archetypes of the time by squabbling, holding grudges both deep and petty, and eschewing anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status. Subsequently, Marvel comics developed a reputation for focusing on characterization and adult issues to a greater extent than most superhero comics before them, a quality which the new generation of older readers appreciated. This applied to The Amazing Spider-Man title in particular, which turned out to be Marvel's most successful book. Its young hero suffered from self-doubt and mundane problems like any other teenager, something readers could identify with.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267521f1498d1400e8e04f_s",
              "question": "When will the super hero team make its debut?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nov. 1961",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the issue date when this superhero team debuted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11647_s",
          "context": "In Western culture, the study of politics is first found in Ancient Greece. The antecedents of European politics trace their roots back even earlier than Plato and Aristotle, particularly in the works of Homer, Hesiod, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Euripides. Later, Plato analyzed political systems, abstracted their analysis from more literary- and history- oriented studies and applied an approach we would understand as closer to philosophy. Similarly, Aristotle built upon Plato's analysis to include historical empirical evidence in his analysis.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282ded2ca10214002da000_s",
              "question": "Where does political science come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ancient Greece",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did studying politics originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9003_s",
          "context": "In order to enlist Stalin 's support . There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov , Lavrentiy Beria and Georgi Malenkov . Stalin initially agreed to send military equipment and ammunition . In a subsequent meeting , Stalin told Zhou that he would only provide China with equipment on a credit basis , and that the Soviet air force would only operate over Chinese airspace , and only after an undisclosed period of time . Stalin did not agree to send either military equipment or air support until March 1951 . Mao did not find Soviet air support especially useful , as the fighting was going to take place on the south side of the Yalu . Soviet shipments of matériel , when they did arrive , were limited to small quantities of trucks , grenades , machine guns , and the like .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cdc6708984140094d1cf_s",
              "question": "Where is the battle that made Soviet air support useless for China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the south side of the Yalu",
                  "answer_start": 677
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . In the 1979 film The Warriors , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c89e99e3014001e67a0_s",
              "question": "When was the movie the warrior published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Warriors' movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10662_s",
          "context": "This technique of representing simultaneity , exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or . These ambitious works are some of the largest paintings in the history of Cubism . Léger 's The Wedding , gave form to the notion of simultaneity by presenting different motifs as occurring within a single temporal frame , where responses to the past and present interpenetrate with collective force . ; themselves made in response to early Cubism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "salon des indépendants",
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            "léger",
            "salon de la section d'or",
            "umberto boccioni",
            "gino severini",
            "le dépiquage des moissons",
            "gleizes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278fad708984140094e0ee_s",
              "question": "Who painted the wedding, an exhibition in the Independence Hall in 1912?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Léger",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1912?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1464_s",
          "context": "  Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 3"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8dc9cdc89441400fdb350_s",
              "question": "When is the torch in Istanbul?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 3",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the torch in Istanbul?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18484_s",
          "context": "Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose \"territory\" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as \"meetings\" as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are largely devoted to study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible. The format of the meetings is established by the religion's headquarters, and the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide. Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (three meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for \"family worship\". Gatherings are opened and closed with kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers. Twice each year, Witnesses from a number of congregations that form a \"circuit\" gather for a one-day assembly. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day \"regional convention\", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the \"Lord's Evening Meal\", or \"Memorial of Christ's Death\" on the date of the Jewish Passover.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kingdom halls"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324bd1b9d445190005e9db_s",
              "question": "Where do Jehovah's Witnesses gather, worship and learn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kingdom Halls",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do Jehovah Witnesses meet for worship and study?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1502_s",
          "context": "Hong Kong : The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2 . In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui , Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer . The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road , Lantau Link , which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays -RRB- . A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities , athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians . No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers . One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay . It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay . Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags . , 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lee lai shan",
            "tin hau",
            "victoria harbour",
            "donald tsang",
            "henry tang",
            "sha tin",
            "marine department",
            "wan chai",
            "tsim sha tsui"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db7092e7c41114004b5108_s",
              "question": "Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Li Laishan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Donald Tsang",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": ". Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet , so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him . In 1894 , Gladstone retired and , without consulting the outgoing prime minister , Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister . His government was weak . Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria 's reign .",
          "c_entity": [
            "82 years old",
            "1894",
            "the following year",
            "1892"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723d221f6b826140030fc96_s",
              "question": "When did Gladstone retire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1894",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Gladstone retire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3147_s",
          "context": "The island has two local newspapers , both of which are available on the Internet . The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "november 2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac234_s",
              "question": "When did the newspaper sentry show up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-736_s",
          "context": ", Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville , Alabama , where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote . -- 45 -RRB- -- 49 -RRB- . While attending college , she wrote for campus literary magazines : Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama . At both colleges , she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice . In 1950 , Lee moved to New York City , where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation ; there , she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville . Hoping to be published . An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript , advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1950",
            "a year",
            "1926",
            "time",
            "1957",
            "1944",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce349aaab44d1400b8858c_s",
              "question": "When did Harper take Lee to New York?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 418
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Harper Lee pack up to go live in New York City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7027_s",
          "context": "Under mounting political pressure , John finally negotiated terms for a reconciliation . As part of the deal , as well as recompensing the church for revenue lost during the crisis . The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea . This resolution produced mixed responses . Although some chroniclers felt that John had been humiliated by the sequence of events , there was little public reaction . Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem , but John probably gained more , as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign , backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues . Innocent immediately turned against Philip . John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church , but he ceased making payments in late 1214 , leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid ; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "golden",
            "dover",
            "bulla aurea",
            "ireland",
            "kingdom of"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5350fed7b91900d458c1_s",
              "question": "Where is the agreement formalized?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bulla Aurea",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the agreement formalised?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17887_s",
          "context": "In order not to let the routine administration take over the running of the empire, the Qing emperors made sure that all important matters were decided in the \"Inner Court,\" which was dominated by the imperial family and Manchu nobility and which was located in the northern part of the Forbidden City. The core institution of the inner court was the Grand Council.[g] It emerged in the 1720s under the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor as a body charged with handling Qing military campaigns against the Mongols, but it soon took over other military and administrative duties and served to centralize authority under the crown. The Grand Councillors[h] served as a sort of privy council to the emperor.",
          "c_entity": [
            "forbidden city"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315370497a881900248ddc_s",
              "question": "Where is the inner court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Forbidden City",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Inner Court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5047_s",
          "context": ". Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003 , and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2003",
            "new year's day",
            "january 1, 2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa7b568f12f31900630154_s",
              "question": "When did HDTV test transmission begin in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2003",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13251_s",
          "context": "The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states -LRB- mostly late Mughal tributary states -RRB- emerged , and also by the increasing activities of European powers . There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy . The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji . However :",
          "c_entity": [
            "peshwa bajirao i. historian k.k. datta",
            "hindavi swarajya",
            "chatrapati shivaji",
            "j.n. sarkar",
            "marathas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728af382ca10214002da5bc_s",
              "question": "Who defended the kingdom of malatha?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chatrapati Shivaji",
                  "answer_start": 410
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who consolidated the Maratha kingdom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8930_s",
          "context": "The `` Bleacher Bums '' is a name given to fans , many of whom spend much of the day heckling , who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field . Initially , the group was called `` bums '' because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games , and since those games were all day games , it was assumed they did not work . Many of those fans were , and are still , students at Chicago area colleges , and Illinois-Chicago . A Broadway play . , who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 `` The Score '' . The current group is headed by Derek Schaul -LRB- Derek the Five Dollar Kid -RRB- . Prior to the 2006 season , they were updated , with new shops and private bar -LRB- The Batter 's Eye -RRB- being added , dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers . Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission , except during the playoffs . The bleachers have been referred to as the `` World 's Largest Beer Garden . '' A popular T-shirt -LRB- sold inside the park and licensed by the club -RRB- which says `` Wrigley Bleachers '' on the front and the phrase `` Shut Up and Drink Your Beer '' on the reverse fuels this stereotype .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dennis farina",
            "bud light",
            "northwestern university",
            "tom nall",
            "derek schaul",
            "depaul university",
            "ron grousl",
            "mike murphy",
            "james belushi",
            "loyola",
            "dennis franz",
            "joe mantegna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269335dd62a815002e8a07_s",
              "question": "Who manages the current group?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Derek Schaul",
                  "answer_start": 576
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who heads the current group?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14931_s",
          "context": ", William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . It became a prime destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration and surpassed two million occupants by 1950 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "1950",
            "1787",
            "1776",
            "1682"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8d2834ae481900deab7c_s",
              "question": "When does it reach 2 million prisoners >",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 607
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did it reach 2 million occupants>"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1961_s",
          "context": ", and 58th in terms of active personnel , standing at a strength of roughly 68,000 , plus 27,000 reservists , and 19,000 supplementary reserves , bringing the total force to approximately 119,000 . The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020 , and the number of active to at least 70,000 . In addition . If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000 . These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country , and are governed by the Queen 's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act .",
          "c_entity": [
            "5000",
            "today",
            "2020"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dedf113277331400b4d794_s",
              "question": "When will the first level reserve discount increase by 30000?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2020",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11462_s",
          "context": ", and those were not well-paid , his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics . So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer . This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of , so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin , after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich , which he passed in September 1923 . At the same time , von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest , as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics . For his thesis , he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor 's set theory . He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926 . He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hungary",
            "budapest"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728105e3acd2414000df37d_s",
              "question": "Where does von Neumann study for his doctorate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pázmány Péter University in Budapest",
                  "answer_start": 578
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7248_s",
          "context": ", rebuilt in 1368 , whose dome , decorated by Palonino , contains some of the best frescoes in Spain , the ancient church of the Knights Templar ; the former convent of the Dominicans , at one time the headquarters of the Capital General , the cloister of which has a beautiful Gothic wing and the chapter room , large columns imitating palm trees , which is devoted to the Blessed Sacrament , and in which perpetual adoration is carried on ; the Jesuit college , but later rebuilt , the former college of the nobles , now a provincial institute for secondary instruction .",
          "c_entity": [
            "el templo",
            "charles iii",
            "colegio de san juan",
            "committee",
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            "popular front",
            "colegio del corpus christi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d49abfed7b91900d45e0a_s",
              "question": "Who decorated the dome of St. John?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palonino",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decorated the Saints John's dome?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18288_s",
          "context": ", Arnold of Brescia , an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church . After his death , his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists , and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans , though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation . In the early 1170s , Peter Waldo founded the Waldensians . He advocated an interpretation of the Gospel that led to conflicts with the Roman Catholic Church . , the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to persecution . Despite that , as a part of the wider Reformed tradition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1215",
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            "1130s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c09db9d445190005e50c_s",
              "question": "When was the Waldens founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 1170s",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Waldensians created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9450_s",
          "context": "The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a `` German '' ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons , Thuringii . These five tribes , sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians , are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans . The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups . Linguists distinguish low Saxon , Franconian , Bavarian , Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German . By the 9th century , the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne . Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking -LRB- Sorbs and Veleti -RRB- , after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes -LRB- Vandals , Lombards .",
          "c_entity": [
            "karl der große",
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            "suebi",
            "franci",
            "charlemagne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729371d1d04691400779181_s",
              "question": "Who united the five tribes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "king Charlemagne",
                  "answer_start": 599
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who united the 5 tribes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1953_s",
          "context": "The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council . Thereafter , and , with the advent of military aviation . , and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias . By 1923 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "department of national defence",
            "canadian army",
            "royal canadian navy",
            "crown-in-council",
            "royal navy",
            "british army",
            "department of militia and defence",
            "royal canadian air force"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde6229a695914005b9686_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the British Crown-in-Council",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who initially had military command?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5003_s",
          "context": ", British civil servants and politicians , looking back at the performance of the state during World War I , concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom -- the British Army , the Royal Navy , and the Royal Air Force . ; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923 , for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination . , Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence . ; his success was limited by his lack of control over the existing Service departments and his limited political influence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1920s",
            "1923",
            "the 1930s",
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            "1940",
            "1921"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f959f79e9bad19000a0869_s",
              "question": "When was the staff committee established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Chiefs of Staff Committee formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13534_s",
          "context": "While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III \"has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.\" Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1708"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728147dff5b5019007d9cac_s",
              "question": "When was the last time Britain refused Royal consent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1708",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5225_s",
          "context": "Between the 5th and 8th centuries , new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government . The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic -LRB- d. 526 -RRB- and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths . The Burgundians settled in Gaul , and after an earlier realm was destroyed by the Huns in 436 formed a new kingdom in the 440s . Between today 's Geneva and Lyon , it grew to become the realm of Burgundy in the late 5th and early 6th centuries . , and the first king of whom much is known is Childeric -LRB- d. 481 -RRB- . -- 511 -RRB- , the Frankish kingdom expanded and converted to Christianity . Britons , related to the natives of Britannia -- modern-day Great Britain . , and the Vandals in North Africa . In the 6th century , the Lombards settled in northern Italy , replacing the Ostrogothic kingdom with a grouping of duchies that occasionally selected a king to rule over them all . By the late 6th century this arrangement had been replaced by a permanent monarchy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "theodoric",
            "clovis",
            "brittany",
            "gaul",
            "franks",
            "iberia",
            "childeric"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb353df34c681400b0c221_s",
              "question": "Who was the first great king Frank?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Childeric",
                  "answer_start": 602
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first notable king of the Franks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-110_s",
          "context": ", both as a solo artist and member of Destiny 's Child , making her the second most honored female artist by the Grammys , behind Alison Krauss and the most nominated woman in Grammy Award history with 52 nominations . `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' won Song of the Year in 2010 while `` Say My Name '' and `` Crazy in Love '' had previously won Best R&B Song . Dangerously in Love , B'Day and I Am . , Alison Krauss . Following her role in Dreamgirls she was nominated for Best Original Song for `` Listen '' and Best Actress at the Golden Globe Awards . ; Best Song for `` Listen '' and Best Original Soundtrack for Dreamgirls : Music from the Motion Picture .",
          "c_entity": [
            "norah jones",
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            "adele",
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            "amy winehouse",
            "beyoncé",
            "sasha fierce"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56becc903aeaaa14008c94a0_s",
              "question": "Who is the only woman to win more Grammys than Beyonce?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alison Krauss",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the only other woman with more Grammy awards than Beyonce?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3073_s",
          "context": "The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502 . One of the most remote islands in the world . Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British , as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo -LRB- for leading a Zulu army against British rule -RRB- and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0285a231d4119001abf63_s",
              "question": "When was the island discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1502",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the island discovered?"
            }
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1483_s",
          "context": "Pakistan : The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16 . President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay . Security was high , for what one newspaper called the `` most sensitive leg '' of the torch 's Olympic journey . The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad , but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding `` militant threats or anti-China protests '' . In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks , the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors . Although the relay was behind closed doors , thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame . As a consequence , no incidents arose .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where does the Pakistan Olympic torch relay start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Islamabad",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Olympic torch relay start in Pakistan?"
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        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11676_s",
          "context": "Czech . Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages . The five countries with the greatest use of Czech were the Czech Republic -LRB- 98.77 percent -RRB- , Slovakia -LRB- 24.86 percent -RRB- , Portugal -LRB- 1.93 percent -RRB- , Poland -LRB- 0.98 percent -RRB- and Germany -LRB- 0.47 percent -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who collected data on European language skills for eurolanguage day 2012?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan van Parys",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14294_s",
          "context": "In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life. The Greeks maintained, until late in their civilization, an almost animistic idea that the statues are in some sense alive. This embodies the belief that the image was somehow the god or man himself. A fine example is the statue of the Sacred gate Kouros which was found at the cemetery of Dipylon in Athens (Dipylon Kouros). The statue is the \"thing in itself\", and his slender face with the deep eyes express an intellectual eternity. According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move. It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who created kuros in New York?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daedalus",
                  "answer_start": 748
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the New York kouros?"
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    {
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          "context": ". The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues , Earth and Water , by Charles Wheeler . Opposite stands the Gurkha Monument . , and nearby are memorials to the Fleet Air Arm and RAF -LRB- to its east , facing the riverside -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "56f981b79b226e1400dd14e1_s",
              "question": "Who designed the statues on both sides of the north gate of the Ministry of defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Wheeler",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
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              "original_question": "Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?"
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          "context": "Constantius , then , three days to comply . He was ordered into banishment to Beroea , in Thrace ; Beroea -LRB- Thrace -RRB- . He sent expensive presents , too , if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused . He sent him , indeed , saying , he might bestow them on his flatters ; as he did also a like present from the empress , and not to persecute the Church of God . Attempts were made to leave the presents in The Church . Constantius hereupon sent for him under a strict guard to Milan , where , and his enemies proved calumniators -LRB- see : `` calumny '' -RRB- and impostors , and that it was unjust to condemn a person who could not be legally convicted of any crime . The emperor was reduced to silence on every article , but being the more out of patience , ordered him into banishment . Liberius went into exile . Constantius , after two years went to Rome to celebrate the twentieth year of his reign . The ladies joined in a petition to him that he would restore Liberius . He assented , upon condition that he should comply with the bishops , then , at court . , and a confession or creed which had been framed by the Arians at Sirmium . And he no sooner had recovered his see that he declared himself for the Creed of Niceae , as Theodoret testifies . -LRB- Theodoret . lib . ii . c. 17 . -RRB- . The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe . So did the bishops at his court . , became sole ruler in 350 , at the death of his brother .",
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              "question": "Who wants to bribe libris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Constantius",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who tried to bribe Liberius?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9765_s",
          "context": "Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia . In time . The nation 's largest Presbyterian denomination , the Presbyterian Church -LRB- U.S.A. -RRB- -- PC -LRB- USA -RRB- -- can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA , as can the Presbyterian Church in America -LRB- PCA -RRB- , the Orthodox Presbyterian Church -LRB- OPC -RRB- , the Bible Presbyterian Church -LRB- BPC -RRB- , the Cumberland Presbyterian Church -LRB- CPC -RRB- , the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church -LRB- EPC -RRB- and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians -LRB- ECO -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684a7dd62a815002e87f4_s",
              "question": "When was the Presbyterian Church introduced into the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1703",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Presbyterianism arrive in America?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2036_s",
          "context": ". Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878 . Some recent scholarship , primarily in German , has revived this convention .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96ed_s",
              "question": "Who uses the word irano Aryan for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Needham Cust",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14672_s",
          "context": "Energy gives rise to weight when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum , where it can be weighed . It is also equivalent to mass , and this mass is always associated with it . Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy , and likewise always appears associated with it , as described in mass-energy equivalence . The formula E = mc ² , derived by Albert Einstein -LRB- 1905 -RRB- quantifies the relationship between rest-mass and rest-energy within the concept of special relativity . In different theoretical frameworks .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5729fcffaf94a219006aa727_s",
              "question": "Who created the formula e = MC2?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the formula E = mc2?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-477_s",
          "context": "The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdda5762d2951400fa6900_s",
              "question": "When did the actors in ghost announce it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2014",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the actors in Spectre announced?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13389_s",
          "context": "The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 2013, Francis approved Pope John XXIII for canonization, along with Pope John Paul II without the traditional second miracle required. Instead, Francis based this decision on John XXIII's merits for the Second Vatican Council. On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday.",
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            {
              "id": "572808cd2ca10214002d9c20_s",
              "question": "Where are the people gathered in front of his tomb?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bergamo",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the people gathered at his tomb from?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7625_s",
          "context": ", Sr. , by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown `` had little meaning for '' Pierre Trudeau , the Canadian Prime Minister . Trudeau 's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics , such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen 's back in 1977 , and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office . In 1980 , Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen `` better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats '' . She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60 , which would have affected her role as head of state . Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution , but the monarchy was retained . Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by `` the grace she displayed in public '' and `` the wisdom she showed in private '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who was Elizabeth worried about in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Trudeau",
                  "answer_start": 98
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4225_s",
          "context": ", Janjevci -LRB- in Kosovo -RRB-",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7488caef2371900625aaf_s",
              "question": "Where is janjevci?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kosovo",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Janjevci located?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-57_s",
          "context": ", she released her second solo album , which contained hits `` Déjà Vu '' , `` Irreplaceable '' , and `` Beautiful Liar '' . Beyoncé also ventured into acting . , I Am , which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 . Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career . Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album , was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf6e823aeaaa14008c9629_s",
              "question": "When did Beyonce stop her career and take over?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyonce take a hiatus in her career and take control of her management?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4933_s",
          "context": "From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries. The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f4539e9bad19000a0776_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mustafa Kemal",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-152_s",
          "context": ", disputes with Native Americans ensued , primarily over land ownership and control . In 1855 , Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish , Pend d'Oreille , and the Kootenai people of western Montana , which established boundaries for the tribal nations . While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation , trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement , but the tribal nations disputed those provisions .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5734215f4776f419006618fb_s",
              "question": "When was the hell gate contract signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1855",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8174_s",
          "context": ", Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall , London , when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire ; he escaped . , Victoria drove the same route , though faster and with a greater escort . As expected , Francis shot at her , but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen , and convicted of high treason . , John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen , but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge . In a similar attack in 1849 , unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria 's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill , London . , the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer , Robert Pate . As Victoria was riding in a carriage , Pate struck her with his cane , crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572667c7dd62a815002e83dc_s",
              "question": "When did William Hamilton ignite a batch of gunpowder on Victoria's carriage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1849",
                  "answer_start": 493
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did William Hamilton fire a powder charge at Victoria's carriage?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3757_s",
          "context": ", Communist forces crossed the Yangtze River . , the Communist People 's Liberation Army -LRB- PLA -RRB- captured Nanjing . , and then Chengdu before retreating to Taiwan on December 10 . , the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China , and only Tibet was left . , Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality .",
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              "question": "When did the SME government go to Taiwan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 10",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the KMT government head to Taiwan?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": "The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain . , creating the United Kingdom . The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown -LRB- effectively the British government -RRB- . Although , the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere . Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate however and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working class . , with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK .",
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              "question": "When was the kingdom of Great Britain founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1707",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Kingdom of Great Britain founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-29_s",
          "context": "Because of its Catholic identity , a number of religious buildings stand on campus . The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross . Sorin 's original church , which became too small for the growing college . It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France . The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori , an Italian painter invited by Fr . Sorin to be artist in residence . The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon . Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic . The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes , which was built in 1896 , is a replica of the original in Lourdes , France . It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation , and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573398164776f41900660e25_s",
              "question": "When was Lourdes cave built in Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1896",
                  "answer_start": 672
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10564_s",
          "context": "-- 1490 -RRB- was one of the most prominent figures of the period , directing campaigns to the West , conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope 's call for help against the Hussite Protestants . Also , he invaded his western domains . ; it was considered as the biggest army of its time . Using this powerful tool , the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign . , the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless . At the Battle of Mohács . The leader of the Hungarian army , Pál Tomori , also died in the battle . This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times .",
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              "question": "Who was the leader of the Hungarian Army in the battle of mohob 225?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pál Tomori",
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              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?"
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          "context": "The State Railways Administration of Uruguay -LRB- AFE -RRB- operates three commuter rail lines , namely the Empalme Olmos . , local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli , Yatai -LRB- Step Mill -RRB- , Peñarol and Manga -LRB- line Empalme Olmos -RRB- stations . The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada , six blocks from the central business district , was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed . A new station , 500 metres -LRB- 1,600 ft -RRB- north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex , has taken over the rail traffic .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the general attigas central station located?",
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              "original_question": "What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?"
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          "context": "The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music , first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s . Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin , most notably on Rag Mama Rag , Rockin ' Chair , and Evangeline . Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man , from their second album , Stand Up , and also occasionally on later releases . David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album , Friend of the Devil and Ripple , which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings . John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs . The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs , most prominently being It 's Time . , which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin . The song did n't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines .",
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              "question": "When did Mandolin first appear in rock and roll?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "psychedelic era of the late 1960s",
                  "answer_start": 79
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              "original_question": "When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?"
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          "context": ", Antonino Sancho . Neither proposed project received final approval , but they did serve as a guide , though not closely followed . Electricity was introduced to Valencia in 1882 .",
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              "question": "When did Valencia gain power?",
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              "original_question": "When did Valencia get electricity?"
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          "context": "There are more than 100 freshwater fish species , varying from the giant European catfish -LRB- in the Tagus International Natural Park -RRB- to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes -LRB- along the western portion of country , for example -RRB- . Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss , pollution and drought . Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish ; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world . Marine fish species are more common , and include thousands of species , such as the sardine -LRB- Sardina pilchardus -RRB- . Bioluminescent species are also well represented -LRB- including species in different colour spectrum and forms -RRB- , like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches .",
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              "question": "Where can you find the great European Welsh in Portugal?",
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                  "text": "in the Tagus International Natural Park",
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              "original_question": "In Portugal, where can you find the giant European catfish?"
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          "context": "Other critics , note that `` terrorism '' is not an enemy , but a tactic ; calling it a `` war on terror '' , obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen . With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West . There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy , media-induced hysteria , and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America 's image in most of the world .",
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              "question": "Who says America's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorism?",
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                  "text": "Shirley Williams",
                  "answer_start": 301
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              "original_question": "Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?"
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          "context": "Around the 6th century , Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers . -LSB- page needed -RSB- The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through , so great were their numbers . After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements . This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion . By the end of the 6th century .",
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                  "text": "Peloponnese and Asia Minor",
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              "original_question": "Where else reported Slavic settlements?"
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          "context": "In general , as opposed the state 's largest metropolitan area , Phoenix . Congressional redistricting in 2013 , following the publication of the 2010 Census , second and third of Arizona -RRB- . The city center is in the 3rd District , a Democrat , since 2003 , while the more affluent residential areas to the south and east are in the 2nd District , represented by Republican Martha McSally since 2015 .",
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                  "text": "Martha McSally",
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              "original_question": "Who represent's Tucson's wealthy areas in Congress?"
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          "context": "Raised in Chicago , producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys . Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper , West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread commercial and critical success , and founded record label GOOD Music . He went on to explore a variety of different musical styles on subsequent albums that included the baroque-inflected Late Registration -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , the arena-inspired Graduation -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and the starkly polarizing 808s & Heartbreak -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . In 2010 , he released his critically acclaimed fifth album , the maximalist My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy , and the following year he collaborated with Jay-Z on the joint LP Watch the Throne -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . West released his abrasive sixth album , Yeezus , to further critical praise in 2013 . Following a series of recording delays and work on non-musical projects , West 's seventh album , The Life of Pablo , was released in 2016 .",
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          "context": ". In 1935 , Tito travelled to the Soviet Union , working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern . , a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War . In 1936 . In 1937 , murdered in Moscow . Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY .",
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              "question": "Who is called Comrade Walter?",
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              "original_question": "Who is known as \"Comrade Walter\"?"
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          "context": ". A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results . Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces . Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism ; -- the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive , but an opposition to unnecessary change , that could lead to `` a perpetual vortex of agitation '' . Meanwhile , the Whigs , along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel , and independent Radicals , and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class , under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone .",
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              "question": "When was the Tamworth declaration issued?",
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          "context": "The structure known as `` Virgil 's tomb '' is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel -LRB- also known as `` grotta vecchia '' -RRB- in Piedigrotta , on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli . While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death , in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers , and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of pilgrimages and veneration .",
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          "context": "As a Cardinal . After his journey , John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours . While a cardinal , he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey .",
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              "question": "Where does Montini like to be a cardinal?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal?"
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          "context": "The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side , with the distinction of being Tucson 's first suburb . Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza -LRB- built in 1948 -RRB- . Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park -LRB- a nature preserve -RRB- near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road . The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords , and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona , occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes . The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes .",
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              "original_question": "When was the Casas Adobes Plaza established?"
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          "context": "The expansive area northwest of the city limits is diverse , the small suburb of Picture Rocks . Continental Ranch -LRB- Marana -RRB- , where thousands of residents live .",
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              "question": "Where is the planned municipality of the mainland pastures?",
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              "original_question": "Where is the Continental Ranch planned community?"
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          "context": "Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter jointly invented a wireless telephone , named a photophone , which allowed for the transmission of both sounds and normal human conversations on a beam of light .",
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              "original_question": "Who did Bell invent the cord-free phone with?"
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          "context": "A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show . Many figures from the show 's past , made an appearance .",
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              "original_question": "Who had their final season in the show in season nine?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10939_s",
          "context": ", an obsolete term for the Swiss , which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries . The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse , also in use since the 16th century . The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer , one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy . The name originates as an exonym , applied pars pro toto to the troops of the Confederacy . The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499 , used alongside the term for `` Confederates '' , Eidgenossen -LRB- literally : comrades by oath -RRB- , used since the 14th century .",
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              "original_question": "Where did the English adjective Swiss originate from?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16694_s",
          "context": "Nevertheless , the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth . Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995 . New sectors , such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making , information and communication technology , and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy , such as agriculture .",
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18576_s",
          "context": ", actual implementation had been slow . Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953 , saying `` I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in the District of Columbia , including the Federal Government , and any segregation in the Armed Forces '' . When he encountered opposition from the services , he used government control of military spending to force the change through , stating `` Wherever Federal Funds are expended ... , I do not see how any American can justify ... a discrimination in the expenditure of those funds '' .",
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              "question": "When did Eisenhower surrender to the United States?",
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          "context": "; Chopin 's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played . The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery , was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski . , Franchomme . At the graveside , the Funeral March from Chopin 's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played .",
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          "context": ", Hong Kong . , Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity , but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories . Thatcher , seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands , initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty , though this was rejected by China . A deal was reached in 1984 -- under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration , Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People 's Republic of China . , including Charles , Prince of Wales , who was in attendance , `` the end of Empire '' .",
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              "question": "When was the Sino British joint statement issued?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Sino-British Joint Declaration?"
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          "context": ", the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze `` chauvinist elements . '' . On 7 September , Stalin called Georgi Dimitrov , -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- and the latter sketched a new Comintern line on the war . The new line -- which stated that the war was unjust and imperialist -- was approved by the secretariat of the Communist International on 9 September . Thus , the various western Communist parties now had to oppose the war , and to vote against war credits . Although the French Communists had unanimously voted in Parliament for war credits on 2 September and on 19 September declared their `` unshakeable will '' to defend the country , on 27 September the Comintern formally instructed the party to condemn the war as imperialist . By 1 October the French Communists advocated listening to German peace proposals , and Communist leader Maurice Thorez deserted from the French Army on 4 October and fled to Russia . Other Communists also deserted from the army .",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3398_s",
          "context": "; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches . Each had its own special law , in which custom still played an important part . In 1929 Pius XI informed the Eastern Churches of his intention to work out a Code for the whole of the Eastern Church .",
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            {
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              "question": "When is the 11th of Pius? Declare its goal to codify all the laws of the Eastern Church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1929",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?"
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          "context": "Sessions for West 's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft 's living room at a Paris hotel . Determined to `` undermine the commercial '' , dancehall , acid house , and industrial music . Primarily inspired by architecture , West 's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record 's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach . Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album 's music and live television performances . Yeezus , West 's sixth album , was released June 18 , 2013 to rave reviews from critics . It became the rapper 's sixth consecutive number one debut , but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales . Def Jam issued `` Black Skinhead '' to radio in July 2013 as the album 's lead single . On September 6 , 2013 , Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years , to support Yeezus , with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way .",
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              "question": "Where did Kanye start making his sixth album?",
              "answers": [
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Kanye begin production on his sixth album?"
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          "context": ". The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors . Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015 -- 16 .",
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              "question": "Who is the current mayor of Plymouth?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dr John Mahony",
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              "original_question": "Who is the current Lord Mayor of Plymouth?"
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          "context": "In April 1979 . The government violently suppressed the protests , killing 100 children and teenagers . In September 1979 . Dacko , in turn .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who brought France back to power?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dacko",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did France restore into power?"
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          "context": "There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda . The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda . The current US Consul General is Robert Settje , who took office in August 2012 . The United States is Bermuda 's largest trading partner -LRB- providing over 71 % of total imports , 85 % of tourist visitors , and an estimated $ 163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry -RRB- , and an estimated 5 % of Bermuda residents are US citizens , representing 14 % of all foreign-born persons . The American diplomatic presence is an important element in the Bermuda political landscape .",
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              "question": "Who is the current Consul General of the United States?",
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              "original_question": "Who is the current US Consul General?"
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          "context": ", convinced that his self-baptism was invalid , applied with the Mennonites for membership . He died while waiting for membership , and some of his followers became Mennonites . Baptists rejected the name Anabaptist when they were called that by opponents in derision . McBeth writes that as late as the 18th century , many Baptists referred to themselves as `` the Christians commonly -- though falsely -- called Anabaptists . ''",
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              "question": "Who wrote that the Baptist church called itself \"a Christian in chaos, though it mistakenly called itself a Baptist in chaos?\"",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "McBeth",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as \"the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?\""
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          "context": "After World War II , Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits , as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels . The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule . At the same time , hundreds of thousands of Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in Europe . The Yishuv attempted to bring these refugees to Palestine but many were turned away or rounded up and placed in detention camps in Atlit and Cyprus by the British . In 1947 , the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine , stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews .",
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              "question": "When did the British government announce its withdrawal from Palestine?",
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                  "text": "1947",
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              "original_question": "When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?"
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          "context": ", though a man in a ` polar bear ' looking outfit , called `` The Bear-man '' -LRB- or Beeman -RRB- , which was mildly popular with the fans , paraded the stands briefly in the early 1990s . There is no record of whether or not he was just a fan in a costume or employed by the club . Through the 2013 season , there were `` Cubbie-bear '' mascots outside of Wrigley on game day , but none are employed by the team . They pose for pictures with fans for tips . The most notable of these was `` Billy Cub '' who worked outside of the stadium until for over 6 years until July 2013 , when the club asked him to stop . , who is played by fan John Paul Weier , had unsuccessfully petitioned the team to become the official mascot .",
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              "question": "Who plays Billy bear?",
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                  "text": "John Paul Weier",
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              "original_question": "Who played Billy Cub?"
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          "context": "In the late 1980s , key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices . Building upon this foundation . Two years later , in 1993 . , which confused the issue of who was the original inventor -LRB- partly because although Dr. Moustakas invented his first . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- This new development revolutionized LED lighting , making high-power blue light sources practical , leading to the development of technologies like BlueRay , as well as allowing the bright high resolution screens of modern tablets and phones . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "Who first invented a method of manufacturing high brightness blue LED?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dr. Moustakas",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who first invented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs?"
            }
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          "context": "-- their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era . -- 96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership . , to be temporarily replaced by club captain , Dave Watson .",
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              "question": "Who will take over as captain of the club after joroire resigns?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dave Watson",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned?"
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          "context": "Spielberg followed with War Horse . The film , based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982 , follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I -- the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there , as well as on Broadway . The film was released and distributed by Disney . War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture .",
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              "question": "When was the book war horse published?",
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              "original_question": "When did the 'War Horse' book come out?"
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          "context": ", two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina 's 2nd district . George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws . They were unsuccessful . , the state legislature passed a new constitution , with voter registration rules that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites . The state succeeded in reducing black voting to zero by 1908 . Loss of the ability to vote disqualified black men -LRB- and later women -RRB- from sitting on juries and serving in any office , local , state or federal . The rising black middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance , and the Republican Party was no longer competitive . , sit on juries and serve in local offices .",
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              "question": "When did black people lose the right to vote?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1908",
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              "original_question": "When did blacks lose the right to vote?"
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          "context": "Over the course of Ottoman history , the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures , as well as original manuscripts . A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century . Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes , to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy . Another example is Ali Qushji - an astronomer , mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand - who became a professor in two madrasas , and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students .",
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              "question": "Where is Ali kushji from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "originally from Samarkand",
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              "original_question": "Where was Ali Qushji from?"
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          "context": "The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties . At that time however , only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty : France and the Republic of China .",
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              "question": "When will the Genocide Convention enter into force?",
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                }
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              "original_question": "On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?"
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          "context": "YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's terms of service. In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was \"unimpressed\" with YouTube's system for policing its videos, and argued that \"proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content\". YouTube responded by stating:",
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              "question": "When is Britain opposed to YouTube's copyright policy?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "In July 2008",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the UK speak out against youtube's copyright policies?"
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        {
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          "context": "Albrecht von Roon , the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873 , put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s . Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany . The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization . Thus , despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war , the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle .",
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              "question": "Who is the war minister of Prussia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Albrecht von Roon",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Prussian Minister of War?"
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          "context": ". The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay 's largest collection of paintings . The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930 , the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay , significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes . The Museo de Historia del Arte , located in the Palacio Municipal . The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial , has preserved collections of the archaeological finds from excavations carried out by Uruguayan archaeologist Antonio Taddei . The Museo de Arte Contempo has small but impressive exhibits of modern Uruguayan painting and sculpture .",
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                  "text": "the Palacio Municipal",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?"
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          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
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              "question": "When did Prince Albert die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
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              "original_question": "What year did Prince Albert die?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-734_s",
          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . Since 1990 , Alabama .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 464
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the screenplay for the 1962 film?"
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        {
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          "context": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang 's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history . , the inaugural Party Secretary , was one of the leading voices against Mao 's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967 . , the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , China 's top anti-corruption body . , none were native to the province .",
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              "question": "When is the so-called February rest day?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the so-called February Countercurrent?"
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          "context": "The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, \"a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566.\" Although there are dissenting scholars, most historians point to \"degenerate Sultans, incompetent Grand Viziers, debilitated and ill-equipped armies, corrupt officials, avaricious speculators, grasping enemies, and treacherous friends.\" The main cause was a failure of leadership, as Lee argues the first 10 sultans from 1292 to 1566, with one exception, had performed admirably. The next 13 sultans from 1566 to 1703, with two exceptions, were lackadaisical or incompetent rulers, says Lee. In a highly centralized system, the failure at the center proved fatal. A direct result was the strengthening of provincial elites who increasingly ignored Constantinople. Secondly the military strength of European enemies grew stronger and stronger, while the Ottoman armies and arms scarcely improved. Finally the Ottoman economic system grew distorted and impoverished, as war caused inflation, world trade moved in other directions, and the deterioration of law and order made economic progress difficult.",
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              "question": "Who says Suleiman's economy is in a sharp recession and stagnation after his death?",
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          "context": "French cooperation was deemed necessary to the campaign, and Eisenhower encountered a \"preposterous situation\" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into Tunisia, and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to François Darlan as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices of state in Vichy France and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the French armed forces. The Allied leaders were \"thunderstruck\" by this from a political standpoint, though none of them had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in the course of planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Eisenhower did not take action to prevent the arrest and extrajudicial execution of Bonnier de La Chapelle by associates of Darlan acting without authority from either Vichy or the Allies, considering it a criminal rather than a military matter. Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution.",
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              "question": "When did Darren die?",
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                  "text": "December 24",
                  "answer_start": 744
                }
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              "original_question": "On what day did Darlan die?"
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          "context": "Possibly as early as the second century AD , Virgil 's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination . In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae -LRB- Virgilian Lots -RRB- , passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions . In the 12th century , a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician . Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years , arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves . Virgil 's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name , became a generic term for magic-worker , and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist , fferyllydd .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "medieval Wales",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13023_s",
          "context": "In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should be under the law, which was treason to affirm, as he said; to which I said, that Bracton saith, quod Rex non debed esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege (That the King ought not to be under any man but under God and the law.).\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1607"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c05f3acd2414000deb85_s",
              "question": "When did the chief justice of England talk with Sir Edward cork about the ban?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1607",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke speak in the Case of Prohibitions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15554_s",
          "context": ". The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing `` how that person is perceived as influencing the public , their peers , or both . '' , meaning 47 % of the US believes he is influential . , president of E-Poll Market Research , think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "e-poll market research",
            "forbes",
            "gerry philpott",
            "steven spielberg"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731ced3e99e3014001e62ca_s",
              "question": "Who is grey Philpot?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "president of E-Poll Market Research",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Gerry Philpott?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7030_s",
          "context": "Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised . , appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader .",
          "c_entity": [
            "army",
            "langton",
            "robert fitz walter",
            "lincoln",
            "john"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5439b3d812140066d116_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the rebel Baron?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert fitz Walter",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the rebel baron leader?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3693_s",
          "context": ", when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned , the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there . There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100 . Two were of reigning monarchs -LRB- Henry I and Richard II -RRB- , although .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1919",
            "1100",
            "1066",
            "500 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccfb_s",
              "question": "When was the royal wedding held in the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1100",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did royal weddings begin at the church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15008_s",
          "context": "In 1970 , Kerry had considered running for Congress in the Democratic primary against hawkish Democrat Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts 's 3rd congressional district , a Jesuit priest and anti-war activist , who went on to defeat Philbin . In February 1972 , Kerry 's wife bought a house in Worcester , with Kerry intending to run against the 4th district 's ageing thirteen-term incumbent Democrat . The couple never moved in . The couple instead rented an apartment in Lowell , so that Kerry could run to succeed him .",
          "c_entity": [
            "f. bradford morse",
            "united nations",
            "harold donohue",
            "robert drinan",
            "philip j. philbin",
            "general assembly affairs",
            "kerry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab26634ae481900deac4b_s",
              "question": "Who did Kerry want to compete with in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Democrat Philip J. Philbin",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had Kerry considered running against in 1970?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5664_s",
          "context": ", the tunnel opened in 2001 . The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City 's newest casino . , and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001",
            "2002",
            "july 2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57062f3952bb891400689946_s",
              "question": "When was the tunnel opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the tunnel open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10266_s",
          "context": "The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture , as textiles emerged as Britain 's leading export . In 1738 , Lewis Paul and John Wyatt , of Birmingham , England , patented the roller spinning machine , as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thickness using two sets of rollers that traveled at different speeds . Later . , the British city of Manchester acquired the nickname `` Cottonopolis '' due to the cotton industry 's omnipresence within the city , and Manchester 's role as the heart of the global cotton trade .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late 18th century",
            "1775",
            "1738",
            "1764",
            "1769"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273abddd62a815002e99cd_s",
              "question": "When did a new spinning frame get a patent, thus increasing cotton production?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1738",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a new spinning machine patented that boosted cotton production?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14797_s",
          "context": "One recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: \"[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It is the asymmetry that grounds the distinction between sequences that runs from past to future and sequences which run from future to past\" [ibid, 2010 edition, p. 108]. Thus it is arguably difficult to assess whether Maudlin is suggesting that the direction of time is a consequence of the laws or is itself primitive.",
          "c_entity": [
            "tim maudlin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a36f06aef05140015538a_s",
              "question": "Who thinks that the basic law of physics is the law of time evolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tim Maudlin",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6899_s",
          "context": "In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula 's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed . , about 570 km2 -LRB- 220 sq mi -RRB- of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed , putting the remaining 15,000 km2 -LRB- 5,800 sq mi -RRB- of the ice shelf at risk . The ice was being held back by a `` thread '' of ice about 6 km -LRB- 4 mi -RRB- wide . According to NASA , when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
            "this may",
            "the past 30 years",
            "8 march 2008",
            "5 april 2009",
            "2005",
            "28 february"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e0f250dc6ce1900204dab_s",
              "question": "When did the larson-b ice shelf collapse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Larsen-B ice shelf collapse?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17016_s",
          "context": "There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area , accommodating the growing Muslim population , the first one being Masjid Bilal . , Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam -LRB- NOI -RRB- . They used to meet in Temple # 24 located on North Avenue . , the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam , start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road . , the Muslims used to meet in a rented church . They tried to buy this church , but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard . Initially , the place was called `` Masjid Muhammad # 24 '' . Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia , ICVA masjid . The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization . With aggressive fundraising , ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road . The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond -LRB- ICR -RRB- in the west end , Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown , Islamic Society of Greater Richmond -LRB- ISGR -RRB- in the west end , Masjidullah in the north side , and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1973",
            "1976",
            "currently",
            "1990",
            "the 1950s",
            "the early 1980s",
            "1975",
            "present"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57344108879d6814001ca408_s",
              "question": "When was the Islamic center of Virginia established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 740
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13054_s",
          "context": "-- 650 CE -RRB- , who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire . He also brought in many reforms , and Tibetan power spread rapidly , creating a large and powerful empire . It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal , and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet . In 640 he married Princess Wencheng .",
          "c_entity": [
            "songtsän gampo",
            "wencheng",
            "taizong",
            "bhrikuti"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c5984b864d1900163cdf_s",
              "question": "Who did Songzanganbu marry in 640?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Princess Wencheng",
                  "answer_start": 378
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12066_s",
          "context": "Krispy Kreme , an international chain of doughnut stores , was started in North Carolina ; the company 's headquarters are in Winston-Salem . Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern . A regional soft drink , Cheerwine , was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury . Despite its name , the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina ; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem . The Hardee 's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount . Another fast-food chain , Bojangles ' , was started in Charlotte , and has its corporate headquarters there . A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral . , the chain was founded in Fayetteville , with headquarters located in Raleigh . Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers , Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive . Cook Out , a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers , hot dogs , and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors . , Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South 's `` Tastiest City . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1973",
            "1926",
            "1898",
            "1989",
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b52d2ca10214002d9476_s",
              "question": "When was Pepsi Cola made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1898",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was pepsi-Cola first produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-330_s",
          "context": ". This first request by the Ming was made in 1407 , but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413 ; fl. 1403 -- 1427 -RRB- . , so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf -- the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet . The Xuande Emperor -LRB- r. 1425 -- 1435 -RRB- even granted this disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes the title of a `` King '' -LRB- 王 -RRB- . This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning , or to have given its holder any power , at Tsongkhapa 's Ganden Monastery . -- like the Karma Kargyu , since the Gelug school was created after the fall of the Yuan dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yongle",
            "hou xian",
            "rossabi",
            "a. tom grunfeld",
            "tsongkhapa",
            "mongol yuan",
            "wylie",
            "chosrje shākya yeshes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd64e762d2951400fa656b_s",
              "question": "Who sent zongkaba to Nanjing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10862_s",
          "context": "In December 2013 , Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California , U.S.A in the 1990s . It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future , thus , warranting the beatification of the late pontiff . In February 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congregation for the causes of saints",
            "pope francis",
            "the 1990s",
            "the near future"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e9c2708984140094d5a6_s",
              "question": "Who authorized Paul VI's miracle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Francis",
                  "answer_start": 223
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6368_s",
          "context": ", and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the Champions League . That same year , it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year , thus completing the sextuple , comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . -- 15 season , Barcelona won another historic treble , making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
            "2014",
            "year",
            "1955"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c9e2dfed7b91900d45a18_s",
              "question": "When was the first team to win six games in Barcelona in 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "single year",
                  "answer_start": 350
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16836_s",
          "context": "The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season . Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark . -- 93 , 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title . Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005 -- 06 season . , having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alan shearer",
            "premier league",
            "newcastle united",
            "thierry henry",
            "ryan giggs",
            "blackburn rovers",
            "manchester united",
            "andrew cole"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733fcc14776f41900661659_s",
              "question": "Who has received four total ratings since the 2006 season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thierry Henry",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13281_s",
          "context": "In 1941 , Nasser was posted to Khartoum , Sudan . , the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk 's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies . Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote , `` I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack '' , and wished for `` calamity '' to overtake the British . He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution . Nasser stayed in touch with the group 's members primarily through Amer , who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force 's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "time",
            "1941",
            "may 1943",
            "september 1942"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f19a3acd2414000df06d_s",
              "question": "When was Nasser sent to Sudan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1941",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6405_s",
          "context": "The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon neighbors produced a friction that led to the erosion of the complicated inflectional word-endings. Simeon Potter notes: “No less far-reaching was the influence of Scandinavian upon the inflexional endings of English in hastening that wearing away and leveling of grammatical forms which gradually spread from north to south. It was, after all, a salutary influence. The gain was greater than the loss. There was a gain in directness, in clarity, and in strength.”",
          "c_entity": [
            "simeon potter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a88636d058f1900182f64_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the influence of Old Norse makes English a clearer, stronger and more direct language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simeon Potter",
                  "answer_start": 418
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6298_s",
          "context": "Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael c. graham"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a6e2f4103511400d596f8_s",
              "question": "Who describes the concept of strength continuum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael C. Graham",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-468_s",
          "context": "Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin. Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier.",
          "c_entity": [
            "rome"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdcfee62d2951400fa6876_s",
              "question": "Where did bond go after he was suspended?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rome",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Bond go after his suspension?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1600_s",
          "context": ", officers of Clayton Holdings -- the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe -- testified that Clayton 's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scarcely 54 % of the loans met their originators ' underwriting standards . The analysis -LRB- conducted on behalf of 23 investment and commercial banks , including 7 `` too big to fail '' banks -RRB- additionally showed that 28 % of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer . Clayton 's analysis further showed that 39 % of these loans -LRB- i.e. those not meeting any issuer 's minimal underwriting standards -RRB- were subsequently securitized and sold to investors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "clayton holdings",
            "financial crisis inquiry commission"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733399bd058e614000b5794_s",
              "question": "Who is the largest private credit due diligence and certification monitoring company?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clayton Holdings",
                  "answer_start": 14
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1547_s",
          "context": ". , a post which he held until he departed for America in 1924 . Whitehead was able to exert his newfound influence to successfully lobby for a new history of science department , and make the school more accessible to less wealthy students .",
          "c_entity": [
            "four years",
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            "time",
            "1924",
            "late 1918",
            "1920",
            "previously"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57331ea14776f419006606f7_s",
              "question": "When did Whitehead move to America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1924",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did Whitehead relocate to America?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
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          "context": "As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside , it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat : that of creditors . Indeed , as the historian Eugene Rogan has written . '' The Ottoman state , which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War , was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875 . , the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration , a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain . The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy , and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire , often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests .",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?"
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          "context": "In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation.",
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              "question": "When did an important United Nations Summit take place?",
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                  "text": "September 2015",
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              "original_question": "An important UN summit took place when?"
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          "context": ". Working with haplotypes , they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker , M458 , which defines subclade R1a1a7 . This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution of Slavic-speakers today . The team led by Peter Underhill , which discovered M458 , did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker , since they used the `` evolutionary effective '' mutation rate , which gave a date far too old to be Slavic . , giving a later date , is more consistent with the archaeological record .",
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              "question": "Who led the team that found the m458?",
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                  "text": "Peter Underhill",
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              "original_question": "The team that discovered M458 was led by who?"
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          "context": "Early in 1953 , the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists , supplied from China , who were fighting the First Indochina War . Chief of Staff Matthew Ridgway dissuaded the President from intervening by presenting a comprehensive estimate of the massive military deployment that would be necessary . Eisenhower stated prophetically that `` this war would absorb our troops by divisions . ''",
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              "question": "Who persuaded Eisenhower not to interfere in Vietnam?",
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              "original_question": "Who convinced Eisenhower not to intervene in Vietnam?"
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          "context": "Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment , at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies . , focus on understanding how people 's personality affects the way they interact personally , and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment .",
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              "original_question": "Who also along with Dunn recommended other teaching studies?"
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          "context": "Historically home to the Kumeyaay people , San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542 , Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later . , founded in 1769 , formed the first European settlement in what is now California . In 1821 , San Diego became part of the newly-independent Mexico , which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later . In 1850 , it became part of the United States following the Mexican -- American War and the admission of California to the union .",
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              "question": "Who occupied the bay of San Diego for Spain in 1542?",
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                  "text": "Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo",
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              "original_question": "Who claimed the San Diego Bay area for Spain in 1542?"
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          "context": "The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland -- 1970 Labour government . The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65 , an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion . Students sat the 11 + examination in their last year of primary education and were sent to one of a secondary modern , secondary technical or grammar school depending on their perceived ability . Secondary technical schools were never widely implemented and for 20 years there was a virtual bipartite system which saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places , which varied between 15 % and 25 % of total secondary places , depending on location . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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                  "text": "Anthony Crosland",
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          "context": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms . In 1496 King Henry VII of England , following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration , commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic . , and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland -LRB- mistakenly believing , like Christopher Columbus , that he had reached Asia -RRB- , there was no attempt to found a colony .",
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              "question": "When was John Cabot ordered to travel?",
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          "context": ". He rarely spoke , so little of his interior life is known . What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him . St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful , charitable and full of unceasing vigor . From a number of accounts , singing was apparently one of Dominic 's great delights . Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for ` poor sinners . ' He owned a single habit , refused to carry money , and would allow no one to serve him .",
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          "context": "Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games . He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone 's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs ' Paul Rugg , Goosebumps : Escape from HorrorLand , The Neverhood -LRB- all in 1996 -RRB- , Skullmonkeys , Dilbert 's Desktop Games , Goosebumps , T'ai Fu . : Boom Blox Bash Party -RRB- . , he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig . In 1996 , Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair . He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts . , Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo .",
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              "question": "When was insatiable released?",
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              "original_question": "When was The Neverhood released?"
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          "context": "The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.",
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          "context": ", François-Louis-Thibault de Menonville , a member of the National Assembly of France , wrote to Burke , praising Reflections and requesting more `` very refreshing mental food '' that he could publish . This Burke did in April 1791 when he published A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly . Burke called for external forces to reverse the revolution and included an attack on the late French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau , as being the subject of a personality cult that had developed in revolutionary France . Although Burke conceded that Rousseau sometimes showed `` a considerable insight into human nature '' he mostly was critical . -- 7 Burke was a friend of David Hume , with whom Rousseau had stayed . Burke said Rousseau `` entertained no principle either to influence of his heart , or to guide his understanding -- but vanity '' -- which he `` was possessed to a degree little short of madness '' . He also cited Rousseau 's Confessions as evidence that Rousseau had a life of `` obscure and vulgar vices '' that was not `` chequered , or spotted here and there , with virtues , or even distinguished by a single good action '' . Burke contrasted Rousseau 's theory of universal benevolence and his having sent his children to a foundling hospital : `` a lover of his kind , but a hater of his kindred '' .",
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          "context": "Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century . In Tibetan cities , there are small communities of Muslims , known as Kachee -LRB- Kache -RRB- , who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions . Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia . Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui , Dongxiang and Bonan . There is also a well established Chinese Muslim community -LRB- gya kachee -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where did Islamic forces come from in Tibet?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Persia",
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              "original_question": "Where did Islamic influence in Tibet come from?"
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          "context": "As a result , they broke up in 1979 , but remained close friends . , they married , already having had a son , Max Samuel . , however . They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son. : 403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history .",
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              "question": "When did Spielberg and Owen break up?",
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              "original_question": "When did Spielberg and Irving initially break up?"
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          "context": "Napoleon III , and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit . , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles .",
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          "context": "In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding.",
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          "context": "John , the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands . , however , John became Henry 's favourite child . He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent . John 's elder brothers William , Henry and Geoffrey died young , John was a potential heir to the throne . John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard 's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade . Despite this , John was proclaimed King of England .",
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          "context": ", 1815 . Napoleon approached the regiment alone , dismounted his horse and , when he was within gunshot range , shouted to the soldiers , `` Here I am . Kill your Emperor , if you wish . '' The soldiers quickly responded with , `` Vive L'Empereur ! '' Ney , who had boasted to the restored Bourbon king , Louis XVIII , affectionately kissed his former emperor and forgot his oath of allegiance to the Bourbon monarch . The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support . On March 13 , the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared Napoleon an outlaw . Four days later .",
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              "question": "Where did Louis XVIII go after escaping from France?",
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              "original_question": " After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?"
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          "context": "Another view , is that the existence of God is an empirical question , on the grounds that `` a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without , and it would be a scientific difference . '' Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old .",
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              "question": "Who says God is hard to prove and hard to refute?",
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                  "text": "Carl Sagan",
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              "original_question": "Who stated that God was difficult both to prove or disprove?"
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          "context": ". The programs typically feature a samurai . Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years . One of Japan 's most renowned directors , Akira Kurosawa , greatly influenced the samurai aspect in western film-making . One example is that in the Japanese film , seven samurai warriors are hired by local farmers to protect their land from being overrun by bandits : A New Hope , a similar situation arises . There is also a 26 episode anime adaptation -LRB- Samurai 7 -RRB- of The Seven Samurai . Along with film , literature containing samurai influences are seen as well .",
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              "question": "Who directed the Seven Samurai?",
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          "context": "The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted , the latter , e.g. , 1495 , and 1546 . Some of his shorter essays on medicine , logic , etc. , take a poetical form -LRB- the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836 -RRB- . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Two encyclopaedic treatises , dealing with philosophy , are often mentioned . The larger , Al-Shifa ' -LRB- Sanatio -RRB- , exists nearly complete in manuscript in the Bodleian Library and elsewhere , and the long account of Ibn Sina 's philosophy given by Muhammad al-Shahrastani seems to be mainly an analysis , and in many places a reproduction , of the Al-Shifa ' . A shorter form of the work is known as the An-najat -LRB- Liberatio -RRB- . The Latin editions of part of these works have been modified by the corrections which the monastic editors confess that they applied . There is also a حكمت مشرقيه -LRB- hikmat-al-mashriqqiyya , mentioned by Roger Bacon , the majority of which is lost in antiquity , which according to Averroes was pantheistic in tone .",
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              "question": "Where is avicena with the Hifa manuscript?",
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                  "text": "the Bodleian Library",
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              "original_question": "Where is Avicenna's Al-Shifa manuscript located?"
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          "context": "Between April 1877 and February 1878 , she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War . Disraeli 's expansionist foreign policy , led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War . `` If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power '' , she wrote , `` we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars , somewhere or other , CONTINUALLY . '' , protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers : `` It is not in our custom to annexe countries '' , she said , `` unless we are obliged & forced to do so . '' To Victoria 's dismay , Disraeli lost the 1880 general election . When Disraeli died the following year , she was blinded by `` fast falling tears '' , and erected a memorial tablet `` placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend , Victoria R.I. ''",
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              "question": "Who lost the Disraeli parliamentary election in the 1880s?",
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              "original_question": "Who lost the Disraeli general election in 1880?"
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          "context": "The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who were n't in the top flight : Notts County -LRB- 1894 -RRB- . With the exception of Tottenham , meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup . Other than Tottenham 's victory , only 24 finalists have come from outside English football 's top tier , with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up : and none at all from the third tier or lower .",
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              "question": "When did this happen?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1894",
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          "context": "Describing his sixth studio album Yeezus -LRB- 2013 -RRB- as `` a protest to music , '' West embraced an abrasive style that incorporated industrial music , acid house , dancehall , punk , electro , and Chicago drill . Inspired by the minimalist design of Le Corbusier and primarily electronic in nature , the album features distorted drum machines and `` synthesizers that sound like they 're malfunctioning , low-resolution samplers that add a pixelated digital aura to the most analog sounds . '' To this end , the album incorporates glitches reminiscent of CD skips or corrupted MP3 's , and Auto-Tuned vocals are modulated to a point in which they are difficult to decipher . It also continues West 's practice of eclectic samples : he employs a sample of Nina Simone 's `` Strange Fruit , '' an obscure Hindi sample on `` I Am a God '' . `` On Sight '' interpolates a melody from `` Sermon -LRB- He 'll Give Us What We Really Need -RRB- '' by the Holy Name of Mary Choral Family . Rolling Stone called the album a `` brilliant , obsessive-compulsive career auto-correct '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was Kanye West's sixth album released?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "In what year was Kanye West's sixth album released?"
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          "context": ", led by Captain John Smith and managed by the Virginia Company . , and in 1615 was turned over to the newly formed Somers Isles Company . , thereby founding the Colony of Virginia . , but was largely unsuccessful . , Plymouth was founded as a haven for puritan religious separatists , later known as the Pilgrims . Fleeing from religious persecution would become the motive of many English would-be colonists to risk the arduous trans-Atlantic voyage . , England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland , renaming it New York . This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War , in exchange for Suriname . , the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. . The American colonies were less financially successful than those of the Caribbean , but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of English emigrants who preferred their temperate climates .",
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              "question": "When will the summers take over Bermuda?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Somer Isles Company take over managing Bermuda?"
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          "context": "After the bailout was announced , the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State 's financial situation , including tax hikes , a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3 % , on top of the government 's spending cuts . In 2012 , all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20 % relative to their 2010 baseline , with cuts reaching 25 % for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month .",
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              "question": "Who led the government when the rescue operation was announced?",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-70_s",
          "context": "On April 4 , 2008 . She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album , I Am , 2008 . I Am , 2008 in the United States . , conceived during the making of her 2003 single `` Crazy in Love '' , selling 482,000 copies in its first week , debuting atop the Billboard 200 . The album featured the number-one song `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' and the top-five songs `` If I Were a Boy '' and `` Halo '' . Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career . It also included the successful `` Sweet Dreams '' , and singles `` Diva '' , `` Ego '' , `` Broken-Hearted Girl '' and `` Video Phone '' . The music video for `` Single Ladies '' has been parodied and imitated around the world . The video has won several awards , including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards , the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards , and the 2009 BET Awards . At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards , the video was nominated for nine awards , ultimately winning three including Video of the Year . Its failure to win the Best Female Video category , which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift 's `` You Belong with Me '' . In March 2009 ... World Tour , her second headlining worldwide concert tour , consisting of 108 shows , grossing $ 119.5 million .",
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              "original_question": "Who beat out Beyonce for Best Female Video ?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11403_s",
          "context": "The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.",
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              "question": "Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-363_s",
          "context": ", departed for Tibet . Before he left , he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng -LRB- 1525 -- 1582 -RRB- , which arrived on March 12 , 1579 . Sometime in August or September of that year -- 1620 -RRB- ; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China . However , even though he was only 400 km -LRB- 250 mi -RRB- from Beijing . '' Although not recorded in any official Chinese records , and invited him to Beijing for a second time .",
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              "question": "Who did Sonam guiso give the present to?",
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              "original_question": "Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to?"
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          "context": "Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics. The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return. In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, \"It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me.\"",
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              "original_question": "Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW?"
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          "context": "The MDNA Tour , which further promoted the album , began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv , Israel . The tour has received positive critical reception , but featured controversial subjects such as violence , firearms , human rights , nudity and politics . Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour . It was a box office success with a gross of $ 305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows , and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time . , Madonna won three trophies for Top Touring Artist , Top Dance Artist and Top Dance Album . , earning an estimated $ 125 million , due to the success of the tour .",
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              "original_question": "When did MDNA Tour begin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-480_s",
          "context": ", then known as Bond 24 ; he later recanted and announced that he would return , as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing . , who returned for their sixth Bond film . Dennis Gassner returned as the film 's production designer . , making it a larger production than Skyfall .",
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              "question": "Who is the ghost production designer?",
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              "original_question": "Who served as production designer for Spectre?"
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          "context": "In 255 B.C., Ariarathes III took the title of king and married Stratonice, a daughter of Antiochus II, remaining an ally of the Seleucid kingdom. Under Ariarathes IV, Cappadocia came into relations with Rome, first as a foe espousing the cause of Antiochus the Great, then as an ally against Perseus of Macedon and finally in a war against the Seleucids. Ariarathes V also waged war with Rome against Aristonicus, a claimant to the throne of Pergamon, and their forces were annihilated in 130 BCE. This defeat allowed Pontus to invade and conquer the kingdom.",
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              "question": "When did stratnis marry ariaratus III?",
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          "context": "Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices -LRB- Aztec illustrated books -RRB- , aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history . From then , artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme . This piece , in bronze , was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá , in front of the Palacio de Minería -LRB- Mining Palace -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who created the pony?",
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              "original_question": "Who created \"The Little Horse?\""
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          "context": "In the Battle of Cowan 's Ford , 1781 , in an attempt to engage General Morgan 's forces during a tactical withdrawal . Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene 's newly recruited forces . , 1781 . Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle , their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling . Following this `` Pyrrhic victory '' , Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements , and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army . , Virginia , later in 1781 . The Patriots ' victory there guaranteed American independence .",
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              "question": "Where did conawallis go with his troops after he lost the battle at Guildford court?",
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              "original_question": "After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where?"
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          "context": "In 2006 , after almost 80 years , along with the rights to the character himself . In return . However , Universal retained ownership of Oswald cartoons produced for them by Walter Lantz from 1929 to 1943 .",
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              "question": "Who started making Oswald cartoons for globegroup in the 1920s?",
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          "context": "-- 74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff , who was bought for a world record £ 920,000 from Ajax . Already an established player with Ajax , Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco . He further endeared himself when he named his son Jordi , after the local Catalan Saint George . Next to champions like Juan Manuel Asensi , Carles Rexach and Hugo Sotil , defeating Real Madrid 5 -- 0 at the Bernabéu along the way . Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time -LRB- the first player to do so -RRB- in 1974 , while he was still with Barcelona .",
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              "id": "570ab0116d058f1900183080_s",
              "question": "When did John Cruyff win the football championship of the year for the third time?",
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              "original_question": "When was Johan Cruyff crowned footballer of the year for the third time?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9013_s",
          "context": "In early February , the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea . During the operation . In mid-February , the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Offensive and achieved initial victory at Hoengseong . But the offensive was soon blunted by the IX Corps positions at Chipyong-ni in the center . The battle is sometimes known as the Gettysburg of the Korean War . The battle saw 5,600 Korean , American and French troops defeat a numerically superior Chinese force . Surrounded on all sides . , but this time they stood and fought at odds of roughly 15 to 1 .",
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              "question": "Who won in harmony?",
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                  "text": "the PVA",
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          "context": "The preludes , many of which are very brief -LRB- some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure -RRB- . The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group , and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces , or even to music by other composers : he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922 , in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5 .",
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              "question": "Who recorded a recording of \"kombi201; tude Op.10 No.5\" following relay Op.28 No.7?",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8440_s",
          "context": "In the spring of 1800 . -LSB- note 5 -RSB- After a difficult crossing over the Alps , the French army entered the plains of Northern Italy virtually unopposed . While one French army approached from the north , the Austrians were busy with another stationed in Genoa , which was besieged by a substantial force . The fierce resistance of this French army , gave the northern striking force precious time to carry out their operations with little interference . After spending several days looking for each other , the two armies finally collided at the Battle of Marengo on June 14 . General Melas had a numerical advantage . The battle began favorably for the Austrians as their initial attack surprised the French and gradually drove them back . Melas concluded that he 'd won the battle and retired to his headquarters around 3 pm , leaving his subordinates in charge of pursuing the French . However , the French lines never broke during their tactical retreat . Late in the afternoon . A series of artillery barrages and fortunate cavalry charges managed to decimate the Austrian army , which fled chaotically over the Bormida River back to Alessandria , leaving behind 14,000 casualties . The following day , the Austrian army agreed to abandon Northern Italy once more with the Convention of Alessandria , which granted them safe passage to friendly soil in exchange for their fortresses throughout the region .",
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              "question": "Who led the Austrian army to the battle of malengo?",
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          "context": "St. John 's is one of the oldest settlements in North America . It is not , however , the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada , having been preceded by the Cuper 's Cove colony at Cupids , founded in 1610 , and the Bristol 's Hope colony at Harbour Grace . In fact , they were expressly forbidden by the British government , at the urging of the West Country fishing industry , from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast . Other permanent English settlements in the Americas that predate St. John 's include : St. George 's .",
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              "question": "When was Cooper Bay established?",
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              "original_question": "When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?"
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          "context": ". All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand -- this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts . Eventually , the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding . Babbage 's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing , but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow . Nevertheless , his son , Henry Babbage , completed a simplified version of the analytical engine 's computing unit -LRB- the mill -RRB- in 1888 .",
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              "question": "When did Henry Babbage build the mill?",
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          "context": ", John achieved early victories , but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman . , raising huge revenues , reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances . John 's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system , as well as providing an additional source of revenue . An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John 's excommunication in 1209 . When he returned to England , John faced a rebellion by many of his barons , who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England 's most powerful nobles . , neither side complied with its conditions . Civil war broke out shortly afterwards , with the barons aided by Louis of France . It soon descended into a stalemate .",
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              "question": "When was John excommunicated?",
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              "original_question": "When was John excommunicated?"
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          "context": "The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region . These business communities are connected through the bamboo network , a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties . , when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia , Thailand , and other Southeast Asian countries . Chinese populations in the region saw a rapid increase following the Communist Revolution in 1949 , which forced many refugees to emigrate outside of China .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the Chinese revolution begin in Southeast Asia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1949",
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              "original_question": "When did the Chinese revolution start in Southeast Asia?"
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          "context": "Spielberg 's films often deal with several recurring themes . Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances . In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extra terrestrial life and how it has influenced some of his films . Spielberg described himself as feeling like an alien during childhood , and his interest came from his father , a science fiction fan , but instead curiosity and sharing of knowledge .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Spielberg say in an interview that he felt like an alien?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2000",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Spielberg give an interview saying he had 'felt like an alien'?"
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          "context": "The town was sacked in 1338 by French , Genoese and Monegasque ships -LRB- under Charles Grimaldi , who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco -RRB- . On visiting Southampton in 1339 . The extensive rebuilding -- part of the walls dates from 1175 -- culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380 . Roughly half of the walls , 13 of the original towers , and six gates survive .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Charles Grimaldi",
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              "original_question": "Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?"
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          "context": ", the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible . Leon Battista Alberti , saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion , although ornament also played a part . For Alberti , the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure , the Golden mean . The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object , rather than something applied superficially ; and was based on universal , recognisable truths . The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century : by the 18th century , his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters , Sculptors , and Architects had been translated into Italian , French , Spanish and English .",
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              "question": "Who wrote it?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Leon Battista Alberti",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?"
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          "context": "Greek cuisine is characteristic of the healthy Mediterranean diet , which is epitomized by dishes of Crete . Greek cuisine incorporates fresh ingredients into a variety of local dishes such as moussaka , stifado , Greek salad , fasolada , spanakopita and souvlaki . , almonds , crushed garlic and olive oil -RRB- , lentil soup , retsina -LRB- white or rosé wine sealed with pine resin -RRB- and pasteli -LRB- candy bar with sesame seeds baked with honey -RRB- . , grilled octopus and small fish , feta cheese , dolmades -LRB- rice , currants and pine kernels wrapped in vine leaves -RRB- , various pulses , olives and cheese . Olive oil is added to almost every dish .",
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              "question": "Where does the concept of Mediterranean food come from?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The epitome of the Mediterranean diet are dishes from where?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18668_s",
          "context": "After 1517 , when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available , the Dutch humanist Erasmus , who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius , began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla , comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a view to correcting errors and discrepancies in the latter . Erasmus , along with the French humanist Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples , began issuing new translations , laying the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation . Henceforth Renaissance humanism , particularly in the German North , became concerned with religion , while Italian and French humanism concentrated increasingly on scholarship and philology addressed to a narrow audience of specialists , studiously avoiding topics that might offend despotic rulers or which might be seen as corrosive of faith . After the Reformation .",
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            {
              "id": "57327f3657eb1f1400fd2d38_s",
              "question": "When will these messages reach a large number of people for the first time?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1517",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people?"
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        {
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          "context": "^ Note 5 . Article VI . Such clauses were held by the United States Supreme Court to be unenforceable in the 1961 case of Torcaso v. Watkins , when the court ruled unanimously that such clauses constituted a religious test incompatible with First and Fourteenth Amendment protections .",
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              "question": "When did the Supreme Court of the United States become an unenforceable provision prohibiting people from holding public office because of their religious beliefs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1961",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule clauses forbidding people from holding public office based on their religion was unenforceable? "
            }
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          "context": "The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment . Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery , while other poems were written directly about scientific topics . Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation . After Newton 's death in 1727 . , '' which mourned the loss of Newton , but also praised his science and legacy .",
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              "question": "When did Newton die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1727",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Newton die?"
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          "context": ", having played 751 first-team matches between 1981 and 1997 , and previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season -LRB- 15 -RRB- . During the 2008 -- 09 season . , having played 534 times . The longest serving player is Goalkeeper Ted Sagar who played for 23 years between 1929 and 1953 , both sides of the Second World War , making a total of 495 appearances . The club 's top goalscorer , with 383 goals in all competitions . Dean still holds the English national record of most goals in a season , with 60 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is Everton's longest goalkeeper?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ted Sagar",
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              "original_question": "Who was the longest serving goalkeeper for the Everton FC?"
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          "context": "Serious American students of theology and divinity , particularly in New England , regarded Hebrew as a classical language , along with Greek and Latin , and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words . , president of the College from 1778 to 1795 , brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language -LRB- as was common in other schools -RRB- , where only upperclassmen were required to study the language -RRB- and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים -LRB- Urim and Thummim -RRB- on the Yale seal . However , Yale graduate Edmund Fanning , Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation , interceded and the College was saved . Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D. , at 1803 , for his efforts .",
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              "question": "Who rescued Yale from the British raid?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Edmund Fanning",
                  "answer_start": 636
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              "original_question": "Who saved Yale from the British raid?"
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          "context": "At this point , Fox whispered that there was `` no loss of friendship '' . `` I regret to say there is '' , Burke replied , `` I have indeed made a great sacrifice ; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend . There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches '' . This provoked a reply from Fox , yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion , he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship , but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered `` unusually bitter sarcasms '' . This only aggravated the rupture between the two men . Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam , declining money from him .",
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              "original_question": "Who thought that Fox and Burke could still be friends?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2233_s",
          "context": "BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation , has produced television programmes from its own since 1932 .",
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              "question": "When does the BBC start making its own programmes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1932",
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              "original_question": "When did the BBC start creating its own programming?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8030_s",
          "context": "In the early 19th century , married the French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau . Most marriages between Europeans and Indigenous Americans were between European men and Indigenous American women . Depending on the kinship system of the woman 's tribe , their children would be more or less easily assimilated into the tribe . Nations that had matrilineal systems , such as the Creek and Cherokee in the Southeast , gave the mixed-race children status in their mother 's clans and tribes . If the tribe had a patrilineal system , like the Omaha , the children of white fathers were considered white . Unless they were specifically adopted into the tribe by an adult male , they could have no social status in it .",
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              "question": "Who married sacagevia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who married Sacagewea?"
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          "context": "To the north of China proper , the nomadic Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu -LRB- r. 209 -- 174 BC -RRB- conquered various tribes inhabiting the eastern portion of the Eurasian Steppe . By the end of his reign , he controlled Manchuria , Mongolia , and the Tarim Basin , subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand . , and he established a trade embargo against the group . Although the embargo was in place , the Xiongnu found traders willing to supply their needs . Chinese forces also mounted surprise attacks against Xiongnu who traded at the border markets . In retaliation , where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC . After negotiations , the heqin agreement in 198 BC nominally held the leaders of the Xiongnu and the Han as equal partners in a royal marriage alliance , but the Han were forced to send large amounts of tribute items such as silk clothes , food , and wine to the Xiongnu .",
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              "question": "Who is the leader of hun?",
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                  "text": "Modu Chanyu",
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              "original_question": "Who was the chieftain of the Xiongnu?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18682_s",
          "context": "In his book , Humanism -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Tony Davies calls these critics `` humanist anti-humanists '' . Critics of antihumanism , counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism 's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal , they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own . Others , but thought humanism applied only to the German `` race '' and specifically to the Nazis and thus , in Davies ' words , were anti-humanist humanists . Davies acknowledges that after the horrific experiences of the wars of the 20th century `` it should no longer be possible to formulate phrases like ` the destiny of man ' or the ` triumph of human reason ' without an instant consciousness of the folly and brutality they drag behind them '' . For `` it is almost impossible to think of a crime that has not been committed in the name of human reason '' . Yet , he continues , `` it would be unwise to simply abandon the ground occupied by the historical humanisms . For one thing humanism remains on many occasions the only available alternative to bigotry and persecution . The freedom to speak and write , to organise and campaign in defence of individual or collective interests , to protest and disobey : all these can only be articulated in humanist terms . ''",
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              "question": "Who wrote the book humanism?",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the book humanism?"
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          "context": "Two of Chopin 's long-standing pupils , were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students , some of whom -LRB- such as Raoul Koczalski -RRB- were to make recordings of his music . ; he frequently played Chopin 's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire .",
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              "question": "Who are Chopin's former students who actually recorded Chopin music?",
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              "original_question": "Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?"
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          "context": "In response to the early-to-mid-17th century \"continental rationalism\" John Locke (1632–1704) proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) a very influential view wherein the only knowledge humans can have is a posteriori, i.e., based upon experience. Locke is famously attributed with holding the proposition that the human mind is a tabula rasa, a \"blank tablet\", in Locke's words \"white paper\", on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written. There are two sources of our ideas: sensation and reflection. In both cases, a distinction is made between simple and complex ideas. The former are unanalysable, and are broken down into primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities are essential for the object in question to be what it is. Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is. For example, an apple is an apple because of the arrangement of its atomic structure. If an apple was structured differently, it would cease to be an apple. Secondary qualities are the sensory information we can perceive from its primary qualities. For example, an apple can be perceived in various colours, sizes, and textures but it is still identified as an apple. Therefore, its primary qualities dictate what the object essentially is, while its secondary qualities define its attributes. Complex ideas combine simple ones, and divide into substances, modes, and relations. According to Locke, our knowledge of things is a perception of ideas that are in accordance or discordance with each other, which is very different from the quest for certainty of Descartes.",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'?"
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          "context": "Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus , a large kingdom in Asia Minor -LRB- modern Turkey -RRB- , from 120 to 63 BC . Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom , and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring . In 88 BC , Mithridates ordered the killing of a majority of the 80,000 Romans living in his kingdom . The massacre was the official reason given for the commencement of hostilities in the First Mithridatic War . , but then had to return to Italy to answer the internal threat posed by his rival . A peace was made between Rome and Pontus , but this proved only a temporary lull .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC?"
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          "context": ". Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday , while she was 27 , when they finally married in April 1952 , with state security chief Aleksandar Ranković as the best man . At that time , she was in her early 20s and Tito , objecting to her energetic personality . Not one to be discouraged easily . , she also went down in history as Yugoslavia 's first lady . Their relationship was not a happy one , however . It had gone through many , often public , ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'état by the latter pair . , shortly before his death . However , during Tito 's funeral she was officially present as his wife , and later claimed rights for inheritance . The couple did not have any children .",
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              "question": "Who was the best man at jovanka and Tito's wedding?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the best man at the wedding of Jovanka and Tito?"
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          "context": ", the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner , Lin Zexu , to curb smuggling . This resulted in the First Opium War -LRB- 1839 -- 42 -RRB- . After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Nanking and the Chinese market opened to the opium traders of Britain and other nations . The Jardines and Apcar and Company dominated the trade , although P&O also tried to take a share . , which legalised the importation of opium . Legalisation stimulated domestic Chinese opium production and increased the importation of opium from Turkey and Persia . This increased competition for the Chinese market led to India reducing its opium output and diversifying its exports .",
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              "question": "When did the first Opium War begin?",
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                  "text": "1839",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when did the first Opium war start?"
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          "context": ". The first Greek colony in the region was Massalia , which became one of the largest trading ports of Mediterranean by the 4th century BCE with 6,000 inhabitants . Massalia was also the local hegemon . The coins minted in Massalia have been found in all parts of Ligurian-Celtic Gaul . Celtic coinage was influenced by Greek designs , and Greek letters can be found on various Celtic coins , especially those of Southern France . , and to Switzerland and Burgundy . , Massalia was also a center of education . A staunch ally of Rome .",
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              "question": "Who controls nice and Agger?",
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              "original_question": "Who controlled Nice and Agde?"
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          "context": ", Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles -LRB- 480 km -RRB- south towards Rangoon , the capital and principal port of Burma . Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon , placing his army in a disastrous supply situation , Operation Dracula , which had been abandoned earlier , be reinstated . Dracula was launched on 1 May , but Rangoon was found to have been abandoned . , securing the Allies ' lines of communication .",
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            "five days later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573242cf0fdd8d15006c6899_s",
              "question": "When did operation Dracula begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1 May",
                  "answer_start": 356
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Operation Dracula launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16985_s",
          "context": "On 6 August 1945 , the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history . In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima ... expect a rain of ruin from the air , the like of which has never been seen on this earth . '' Three days later , on 9 August , the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki , the last nuclear attack in history . More than 140,000 -- 240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings . The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated , with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion , hence the atomic bomb , unnecessary . However , other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender , with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war . Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall , or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign , any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians . Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard b. frank",
            "truman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324b84e17f3d14004227ff_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that the Soviet Union was unlikely to invade Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard B. Frank",
                  "answer_start": 1090
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7628_s",
          "context": "The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother , Queen Victoria , and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015 . She was celebrated in Canada as the `` longest-reigning sovereign in Canada 's modern era '' . -LRB- King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer . -RRB- She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history .",
          "c_entity": [
            "current",
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            "9 september 2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57102712b654c5140001f877_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9 September 2015",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-244_s",
          "context": ". , his association with Sand began in earnest , and by the end of June 1838 they had become lovers . Sand , who was six years older than the composer , and who had had a series of lovers , wrote at this time : `` I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ... I have still not recovered from my astonishment , and if I were a proud person I should be feeling humiliated at having been carried away , where , together with Sand 's two children , they had journeyed in the hope of improving the health of Chopin and that of Sand 's 15-year-old son Maurice , and also to escape the threats of Sand 's former lover Félicien Mallefille . After discovering that the couple were not married , making accommodation difficult to find . This compelled the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa , which gave little shelter from the cold winter weather .",
          "c_entity": [
            "majorca",
            "valldemossa",
            "london",
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc07886d243a140015ee68_s",
              "question": "Where did Rick and sander venture after Mallorca was found unmarried?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Valldemossa",
                  "answer_start": 845
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Frédéric and Sand venture to after Majorca became unlivable when it was discovered they were not married?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17652_s",
          "context": "Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1975"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730e962f6cb411900e24547_s",
              "question": "When did Apollo alliance fly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 1214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Apollo-Soyuz fly?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13737_s",
          "context": "Likewise . In line with this reasoning , psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups , they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality . In small groups , morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation . However , it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups . Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits , humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups .",
          "c_entity": [
            "émile durkheim",
            "matt rossano"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572864644b864d190016496f_s",
              "question": "Who says that an omniscient God can control selfishness and gain cooperation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Matt Rossano",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suggested that by including the presence of an omniscient God, selfishness can be controlled and cooperation can be gained?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3704_s",
          "context": "The abbey 's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor , constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design . Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey , even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicholas hawksmoor",
            "george gilbert scott"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8e4930b45c0140094cd3c_s",
              "question": "Who built the West Tower of the monastery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas Hawksmoor",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the western towers of the abbey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15428_s",
          "context": "Libya 's economy witnessed increasing privatization ; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book , government figures asserted that they were forging `` people 's socialism '' rather than capitalism . Gaddafi welcomed these reforms , calling for wide-scale privatization in a March 2003 speech . In 2003 , the oil industry was largely sold to private corporations , and by 2004 , there was $ 40 billion of direct foreign investment in Libya , a sixfold rise over 2003 . Sectors of Libya 's population reacted against these reforms with public demonstrations , and in March 2006 , revolutionary hard-liners took control of the GPC cabinet ; although scaling back the pace of the changes , they did not halt them . In 2010 , plans were announced that would have seen half the Libyan economy privatized over the following decade . While there was no accompanying political liberalization , with Gaddafi retaining predominant control , in March 2010 , the government devolved further powers to the municipal councils . Rising numbers of reformist technocrats attained positions in the country 's governance ; best known was Gaddafi 's son and heir apparent Saif al-Islam Gaddafi , who was openly critical of Libya 's human rights record . He led a group who proposed the drafting of the new constitution , although it was never adopted . Involved in encouraging tourism , Saif founded several privately run media channels in 2008 , but after criticising the government they were nationalised in 2009 . In October 2010 , Gaddafi apologized to African leaders on behalf of Arab nations for their involvement in the African slave trade .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saif al-islam gaddafi",
            "pslc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318873497a881900248fd7_s",
              "question": "Who is the head of pslc from October 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saif al-Islam Gaddafi",
                  "answer_start": 1205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "As of October 2009, who was the head of the PSLC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3252_s",
          "context": "Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995 , also heavily influenced by Mosaic , initiating the industry 's first browser war . Bundled with Windows , Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a2_s",
              "question": "When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15141_s",
          "context": ", Schopenhauer wrote his `` Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and the Real '' . He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge . The ideal , for him , is what can be attributed to our own minds . The images in our head are what comprise the ideal . Schopenhauer emphasized that we are restricted to our own consciousness . The world that appears is only a representation or mental picture of objects . We directly and immediately know only representations . All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind . He offered a history of the concept of the `` ideal '' as `` ideational '' or `` existing in the mind as an image '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "schopenhauer",
            "paralipomena"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b7268f75d5e190021fdd4_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about pareg and paraliposomes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Schopenhauer",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Parerga and Paralipomena?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18732_s",
          "context": "The terms international policing , transnational policing , -LRB- Sheptycki , 1995 -RRB- . These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that , in some sense , transcend national borders . This includes a variety of practices , but international police cooperation , criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states , and police development-aid to weak , failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 1990s",
            "1995",
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b2a0328d981900602012_s",
              "question": "When did she write about police work around the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Sheptycki write about global policing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-213_s",
          "context": "Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin , penicillin G , but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945 . Later , Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk . The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945 . Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans . Furthermore , its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus , unlike the synthetic sulfonamides . The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented , and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety . For their successful development of penicillin , which Fleming had accidentally discovered but could not develop himself , as a therapeutic drug , Ernst Chain and Howard Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming . Florey credited Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds , which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey 's research in penicillin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1942",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d5f24776f41900661317_s",
              "question": "When was the chemical composition of penicillin discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12952_s",
          "context": "In the years following the mid-1930s . In 1932 - and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics . Joe Louis won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joe louis",
            "nfl",
            "red wings",
            "tolan",
            "lions",
            "tigers",
            "eddie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d37b4b864d1900164eec_s",
              "question": "Who won the boxing championship in 1937?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Louis",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the boxing title in 1937?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7208_s",
          "context": "Over 90 weeklies , fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit . Sudharma , a daily newspaper in Sanskrit , has been published out of Mysore , India , since 1970 . , there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio . These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR 's website .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1974",
            "1970",
            "6:55 am ist",
            "the last five years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d146cfed7b91900d45bf7_s",
              "question": "When was sudama first published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the daily newspaper Sudharma first published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6273_s",
          "context": "Another point of interest is the Old Town . Nearby are the Leibniz House , the Nolte House . Nearby is the old royal sports hall . , and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence . , where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located . They are part of the Mile of Sculptures , leads along the river bank . , the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "leine palace",
            "beguine",
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            "kreuz-church-quarter",
            "neustadt",
            "st. georgii",
            "ballhof",
            "georgengarten",
            "trammplatz",
            "königsworther square",
            "calenberger",
            "market hall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a12fd6d058f1900182c9a_s",
              "question": "Where is the great military church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Old Town",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the large Martkirche located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1338_s",
          "context": "For five consecutive seasons , starting in season seven , the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar -- a trend that Idol pundits call the `` White guy with guitar '' or `` WGWG '' factor . Just hours before the season eleven finale , where Phillip Phillips was named the winner , author of the book American Idol : The Untold Story , said , `` You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it , not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio , but as ... . who 's the nicest guy in a popularity contest , '' he says , `` And that has led to this dynasty of four , and possibly now five , consecutive , affable , very nice , good-looking white boys . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "phillip phillips",
            "richard rushfield"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3f2ce7c41114004b4fa0_s",
              "question": "Who became the winner of Season 11?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phillip Phillips",
                  "answer_start": 255
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named the winner of Season 11?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-291_s",
          "context": "Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style -- set in the `` conservatory '' tradition of late 19th - and 20th-century music schools , and suitable for large auditoria or recordings -- militates against what is known of Chopin 's more intimate performance technique . The composer himself said to a pupil that `` concerts are never real music , you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art . '' Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance , Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him , such as `` always crescendo to a high note '' , but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing , rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring . ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn '' . , in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff817234ae51400d9c1a3_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that the great concert style now conflicts with Chopin's preference for intimate performance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Bellman",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-270_s",
          "context": "; Chopin 's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played . The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély . The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery . , Franchomme . At the graveside , the Funeral March from Chopin 's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mozart",
            "delacroix",
            "jeanne-anais castellan",
            "louis lefébure-wély",
            "camille pleyel",
            "ludwika",
            "reber",
            "adam czartoryski",
            "luigi lablache",
            "alexis dupont",
            "chopin",
            "pauline viardot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfeb52234ae51400d9c0c0_s",
              "question": "Who is the organizer of Chopin's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Lefébure-Wély",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the organist at Chopin's funeral?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4985_s",
          "context": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang 's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history . , the inaugural Party Secretary . , was the `` chief justice '' on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980 . , the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , China 's top anti-corruption body . , none were native to the province .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007-2012",
            "the 1990s",
            "1949-1952",
            "february",
            "1967",
            "1980",
            "2002-2007",
            "1998-2002",
            "1956-1968"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a85_s",
              "question": "When is the fourth gear case?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the case against the Gang of Four?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11191_s",
          "context": "In the north Eristov pushed southwest , fought two battles , forced the Turks back to Batum , retired behind the Cholok River and suspended action for the rest of the year -LRB- June -RRB- . In the far south Wrangel pushed west , fought a battle and occupied Bayazit . In the center the main forces stood at Kars and Gyumri . Both slowly approached along the Kars-Gyumri road and faced each other , neither side choosing to fight -LRB- June -- July -RRB- . On 4 August Russian scouts saw a movement which they thought was the start of a withdrawal , the Russians advanced and the Turks attacked first . They were defeated , losing 8000 men to the Russian 3000 . 10000 irregulars deserted to their villages . Both sides withdrew to their former positions . About this time the Persians made a semi-secret agreement to remain neutral in exchange for the cancellation of the indemnity from the previous war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eristov",
            "batum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270e82708984140094d915_s",
              "question": "Who left the Turks in Batum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eristov",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who make the Turks retreat back to Batum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16115_s",
          "context": "When World War II started in 1939 , it divided the world into two alliances -- the Allies -LRB- the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe , the United States -RRB- ; and the Axis powers consisting of Germany , Italy and Japan . -LSB- nb 1 -RSB- During World War II , the United States , United Kingdom , and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the `` Big Three '' . These four countries were referred as the `` Four Policemen '' of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II . The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion , along with the other four , in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
            "1941",
            "1942",
            "1937"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573113f5e6313a140071cbfe_s",
              "question": "When did the second world war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did World War II start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15344_s",
          "context": "Richard Phillips Feynman -LRB- / ˈfaɪnmən / , the theory of quantum electrodynamics , and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium , as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model . For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics , Feynman , jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 . He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles , which later became known as Feynman diagrams . During his lifetime , Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "may 11, 1918",
            "february 15, 1988",
            "1965"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e7b47c246551400ce4238_s",
              "question": "When did Feynman win the Nobel Prize?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 400
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Feynman win his Nobel Prize?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16501_s",
          "context": "Washington University 's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused . North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop . The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004 , formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory . Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location , including offices for Quadrangle Housing , Accounting and Treasury Services , Parking and Transportation Services , Army ROTC , and Network Technology Services . The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing Arts Department . Renovations are still ongoing ; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company , the University 's on-campus food provider , as well as the Family Learning Center .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004",
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            "september 2010",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb0d1947a6a140053cb8b_s",
              "question": "When were the buildings and properties on the North Campus of the University of Washington bought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the building and property for the north campus of Washington University acquired? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16421_s",
          "context": "In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams . In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali -LRB- Dalwai of Mysore -RRB- , Baji Rao I -LRB- Peshwa of the Maratha Empire -RRB- , and Basalath Jung -LRB- Asif Jah II 's elder brother , who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau -RRB- , allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum -LRB- modern Secunderabad -RRB- to protect the state 's borders , for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1798",
            "1769"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f75bd04bcaa1900d76999_s",
              "question": "When did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1769",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizams?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6688_s",
          "context": "From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: \"It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human population through the 20th century has had more impact on biodiversity than any other single factor.\" At least until the middle of the 21st century, worldwide losses of pristine biodiverse land will probably depend much on the worldwide human birth rate.",
          "c_entity": [
            "david king"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570bd9e2ec8fbc190045bb7f_s",
              "question": "Who is the former scientific adviser of the British government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir David King",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4118_s",
          "context": "There have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes . One example is Moldovan . In 1996 , the Moldovan parliament , citing fears of `` Romanian expansionism '' , rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian , and in 2003 a Moldovan -- Romanian dictionary was published , purporting to show that the two countries speak different languages . ; while in Moldova , described the dictionary as a politically motivated `` absurdity '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mircea snegur",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8372c37bdd419002c44a0_s",
              "question": "Who was the president of the Republic of Moldova in 1996?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mircea Snegur",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the president of Moldova in 1996?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16106_s",
          "context": "The term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814. Since then, the international balance of power has shifted numerous times, most dramatically during World War I and World War II. While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them. In literature, alternative terms for great power are often world power or major power, but these terms can also be interchangeable with superpower.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eaa1cdfa6aa1500f8d27b_s",
              "question": "When was the contract signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1814",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was this treaty signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3374_s",
          "context": "Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.",
          "c_entity": [
            "14 april 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1161ccd28a01900c67579_s",
              "question": "When was compass M1 launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "14 April 2007",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16649_s",
          "context": "Tucson 's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10 . Solar has been gaining ground in Tucson with its ideal over 300 days of sunshine climate . Federal , state , and even local utility credits and incentives have also enticed residents to equip homes with solar systems . , both of which are located in the Base Housing area . , 2010 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sundt",
            "united states department of defense",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5734415c879d6814001ca40f_s",
              "question": "Who operates Tucson's main power plant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tucson Electric Power",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who runs Tucson's main power plant?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17443_s",
          "context": "Vladimir had been prince of Novgorod when his father Sviatoslav I died in 972 . In Scandinavia , with the help of his relative Earl Håkon Sigurdsson . , Vladimir 's most notable achievement was the Christianization of Kievan Rus ' , a process that began in 988 . The Primary Chronicle states that when Vladimir had decided to accept a new faith instead of the traditional idol-worship -LRB- paganism -RRB- of the Slavs . They visited the Christians of the Latin Rite , the Jews . They rejected Islam because , among other things , it prohibited the consumption of alcohol , and Judaism because the god of the Jews had permitted his chosen people to be deprived of their country . They found the ceremonies in the Roman church to be dull . , they were so astounded by the beauty of the cathedral of Hagia Sophia and the liturgical service held there that they made up their minds there and then about the faith they would like to follow . Upon their arrival home , they convinced Vladimir that the faith of the Byzantine Rite was the best choice of all , the sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57312d4da5e9cc1400cdbccc_s",
              "question": "Where did Vladimir have to go in 976?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scandinavia",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 976, where did Vladimir have to flee to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15015_s",
          "context": "The junior U.S. Senator from Massachusetts , Paul Tsongas , announced in 1984 that he would be stepping down for health reasons . Kerry ran , he did not receive the endorsement of the party regulars at the state Democratic convention . Congressman James Shannon , a favorite of House Speaker Tip O'Neill , was the early favorite to win the nomination , and he `` won broad establishment support and led in early polling . '' , however , Kerry prevailed in a close primary .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572abc96be1ee31400cb81f6_s",
              "question": "When does Kerry run for senator?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1984",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry run for Senate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , Derby returned to power . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722d2bb0dadf01500fa1f16_s",
              "question": "Who resigned in 1868?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Derby",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who resigned in 1868?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9528_s",
          "context": "Lighthouse Point Park , a public beach run by the city , attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb . The park remains popular among New Haveners , and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse , and the Lighthouse Point Carousel . Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of Southwest Ledge Light at the entrance of the harbor . Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cedf2ca10214002d96fe_s",
              "question": "When was the five mile corner lighthouse closed when the southwest wall lighthouse was built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1877",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Five Mile Point Lighthouse decommissioned upon construction of Southwest Ledge Lighthouse? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8430_s",
          "context": "He was moved to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety and sought unsuccessfully to be transferred to Constantinople in order to offer his services to the Sultan. During this period, he wrote the romantic novella Clisson et Eugénie, about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's own relationship with Désirée. On 15 September, Bonaparte was removed from the list of generals in regular service for his refusal to serve in the Vendée campaign. He faced a difficult financial situation and reduced career prospects.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265f7e5951b619008f70e7_s",
              "question": "When was Napoleon removed from the list of active generals for refusing to serve in Windsor 233e?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 September",
                  "answer_start": 353
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was Napoleon taken off the list of generals in service due to his refusal to serve in Vendée?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-265_s",
          "context": "At the end of November . He passed the winter in unremitting illness , but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends , including Delacroix and Franchomme . Occasionally he played , or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka , for his friends . During the summer of 1849 , his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot , out of the centre of the city , for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer , Princess Obreskoff . Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d381b459d6e41400146593_s",
              "question": "Where did his friend find Chopin's apartment in 1849?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chaillot",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5555_s",
          "context": ". The city 's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays . National events such as Republic Day . On India 's Independence Day -LRB- 15 August -RRB- the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort . Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites , which are considered a symbol of freedom . The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India 's cultural diversity and military might .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069b2b75f01819005e7c42_s",
              "question": "Where did the prime minister address the country on Independence Day?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Red Fort",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On Indian Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from what location?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11742_s",
          "context": ", when Rayleigh and Jeans -LRB- on the one hand -RRB- and Einstein -LRB- on the other hand -RRB- independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum . These proofs are commonly known as the `` ultraviolet catastrophe '' , a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911 . They contributed greatly -LRB- along with Einstein 's work on the photoelectric effect -RRB- to convincing physicists that Planck 's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism . The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to `` the theory of radiation and quanta '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572929766aef051400154b03_s",
              "question": "When was the first Solvay meeting held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Solvay Conference held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10634_s",
          "context": ", a Gothic hammerbeam roof was built to replace that destroyed when the building was sacked during the English Civil War . Also in the late 17th century , Oxford , by Christopher Wren . It is not easy to decide whether these instances were Gothic survival or early appearances of Gothic revival .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d2ce5951b619008f7f1a_s",
              "question": "Who built Tom's building in Oxford with Gothic details?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christopher Wren",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who used Gothic details in construction of Tom Tower, Oxford?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18004_s",
          "context": "The permanent headquarters of the Arab League are located in Cairo and the body 's secretary general has traditionally been Egyptian . This position is currently held by former foreign minister Nabil el-Araby . , but it later returned to Cairo in 1989 . Gulf monarchies , have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome its economic difficulties since the July 2013 coup .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57319331497a88190024905b_s",
              "question": "Where is the headquarters of the League of Arab States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cairo",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Arab League headquarters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-184_s",
          "context": "Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had \"conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups...\"",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573404abd058e614000b67cd_s",
              "question": "Who knows the definition of \"holocaust\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Raphael Lemkin",
                  "answer_start": 533
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is notable for coining the term \"Holocaust?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5477_s",
          "context": ". W. H. Russell , the paper 's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War , was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England .",
          "c_entity": [
            "times",
            "w. h. russell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705ef7375f01819005e779f_s",
              "question": "Who was the first times military correspondent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "W. H. Russell",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8149_s",
          "context": "Victoria later described her childhood as `` rather melancholy '' . Her mother was extremely protective , and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called `` Kensington System '' , an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller , Sir John Conroy , who was rumoured to be the Duchess 's lover . The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable -LRB- including most of her father 's family -RRB- , and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them . , and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety . Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night , studied with private tutors to a regular timetable , Dash . Her lessons included French , German , Italian , and Latin , but she spoke only English at home .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5722caddf6b826140030fc32_s",
              "question": "Who is the so-called darcis lover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir John Conroy",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14737_s",
          "context": "The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman engagement in the Middle Eastern theatre . , such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut . The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 , and set the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres . This treaty , as designed in the conference of London , allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title . The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement -- 22 -RRB- under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal -LRB- later given the surname `` Atatürk '' -RRB- . , and the last sultan , Mehmed VI -LRB- reigned 1918 -- 22 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "3 march 1924",
            "1919",
            "17 november 1922",
            "1916",
            "1 november 1922",
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            "30 october 1918",
            "the early years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a3a453f37b319004787e8_s",
              "question": "When should Mudros sign the ceasefire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 October 1918",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the date that the Armistice of Mudros came to be signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7175_s",
          "context": "The Treaty of Versailles prevented Germany having AA weapons , and for example , the Krupps designers joined Bofors in Sweden . , 36 and 37 models followed with various improvements but ballistic performance was unchanged . In 1938 design started on the 12.8 cm FlaK .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d9187b3d812140066da4a_s",
              "question": "When did the design of the 12.8 cm antiaircraft gun begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the design begin for the 12.8 centimeter FlaK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6787_s",
          "context": "In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregular\" and demanded to know why his government was not informed of it. The FBI refused to release information beyond the official press release, citing security and agent privacy issues. The Puerto Rico Justice Department filed suit in federal court against the FBI and the US Attorney General, demanding information crucial to the Commonwealth's own investigation of the incident. The case was dismissed by the U.S Supreme Court. Ojeda Rios' funeral was attended by a long list of dignitaries, including the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico, Archbishop Roberto Octavio González Nieves, ex-Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, and numerous other personalities.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb4_s",
              "question": "When did Filiberto Ojeda costo, a Puerto Rican nationalist, 237 die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Puerto Rican Nationalist Filiberto Ojeda Ríos die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17175_s",
          "context": "In 2004 , a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped . The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts . Of that amount , about 75 % was based on natural gas , 18 % on oil , and 7 % on hydroelectric power . In 2004 , Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants . Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573032da947a6a140053d278_s",
              "question": "When did Iran open its first wind turbines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1161_s",
          "context": "According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples that the truth of the Buddha's teachings is attainable.",
          "c_entity": [
            "gautama buddha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d21dcce7d4791d00902661_s",
              "question": "Who introduced himself as a model?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gautama Buddha",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who presented himself as a model?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15284_s",
          "context": "Realizing that war was imminent , Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it . , which had been lost in a previous war . Reluctantly , by following the imperial diet . , fearing Prussia 's expansionist tendencies , went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions . , bound by the Pacte de Famille . , but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "austria",
            "the states",
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            "spain",
            "sweden",
            "polish-lithuanian commonwealth",
            "hanover",
            "silesia",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e7c79cb0c0d14000f11b1_s",
              "question": "Where was the first operation in the seven-year war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saxony",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17843_s",
          "context": "Ming government officials fought against each other , against fiscal collapse , and against a series of peasant rebellions . They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor . In April 1644 , the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng , a former minor Ming official , who established a short-lived Shun dynasty . The last Ming ruler , committed suicide when the city fell , marking the official end of the dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57312bb0497a881900248bfe_s",
              "question": "Who is Li Zicheng?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "former minor Ming official",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Li Zicheng?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6478_s",
          "context": ", but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county , including industrial folk song , began to gain attention . , but also a local champion in Harry Boardman , who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county . The region is home to numerous folk clubs , many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music . Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood .",
          "c_entity": [
            "roy harper",
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            {
              "id": "570b01d56b8089140040f6bd_s",
              "question": "Who created the most popular folk song in the country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harry Boardman",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": ", then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body , she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile , the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901 , only to cast it aside again in 1935 . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , in 1959 , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annie besant",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264e55f1498d1400e8dba0_s",
              "question": "Who else did Maria drays build the Masonic hybrid house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georges Martin",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16513_s",
          "context": ", established in 1881 , is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country . The collection includes works from 19th , 20th , and 21st century American and European artists . In October 2006 , Steinberg Hall , into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki . Interestingly , which was Maki 's very first commission in 1959 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "fumihiko maki",
            "jackson pollock",
            "alexander calder",
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            "newman money museum"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffe3504bcaa1900d76fd4_s",
              "question": "Who designed the new location of Kemper Art Museum in Mildred lane?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fumihiko Maki",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the new location of  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11926_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled `` Baptist '' back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . In 1638 . In the mid-18th century , the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South . The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership , as did the preachers ' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery , which had been part of the 18th-century teachings . Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john smyth",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278bfcf1498d1400e8fb90_s",
              "question": "Who was the first pastor of the Baptist Church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Smyth",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled \"Baptist\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10186_s",
          "context": "; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966 . President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms , and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the United States . Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar but Obama assured Thein Sein that Myanmar will receive US support . The two leaders discussed to release more political prisoners , the institutionalisation of political reform and rule of law , and ending ethnic conflict in Myanmar .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fa32f1498d1400e8f1a7_s",
              "question": "When was Myanmar's first visit to the United States before 2010?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the most prior visit from a Burmese representative to the  United States prior to 2010 ? "
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13288_s",
          "context": ", and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer 's Club -- normally a ceremonial office -- with the king 's backing . , resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers . They selected Muhammad Naguib . Naguib won overwhelmingly and the Free Officers , through their connection with a leading Egyptian daily , publicized his victory while praising the nationalistic spirit of the army .",
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            "nasser",
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            "sirri amer",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f767ff5b5019007d996b_s",
              "question": "Who did Nasir choose to represent the free officer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad Naguib",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8093_s",
          "context": ", granting his reign with `` peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike '' , the father of John of Damascus . At the same time , he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire . During his reign , and several assaults were launched against Constantinople . After their failure , and faced with a large-scale Christian uprising in the form of the Mardaites . , Bukhara , and Samarkand -RRB- .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is sajun's son?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John of Damascus",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the son of Sarjun?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9111_s",
          "context": ", while some islands came under Venetian rule . The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire 's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula , while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262de2ec44d21400f3dbb8_s",
              "question": "When did Constantinople become the capital again?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1261",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Constantinople once again became a capital  in what year?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1525_s",
          "context": "The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed . It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel 's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics , there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them , and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims . However . In this way . But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy , the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic , epistemology , and metaphysics .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57332caa4776f41900660745_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the incomplete theory of 1931?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kurt Gödel",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15111_s",
          "context": "A generation later , the Irish Anglican bishop , determined that Locke 's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism . In response to Locke , he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge -LRB- 1710 -RRB- an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived , or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving . -LRB- For Berkeley , God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it . -RRB- In his text Alciphron , Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God . Berkeley 's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572b3577f75d5e190021fd11_s",
              "question": "When was the concept of human knowledge principle published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1710",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16676_s",
          "context": "Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union 's new leader . Soon , life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement . The church , which suffered greatly under Stalin . , a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb2fb947a6a140053cbab_s",
              "question": "When did Stalin die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Stalin pass away?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9384_s",
          "context": "In 1941 , the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department , which was then renamed `` Mexico City '' -LRB- thus reviving the name , but not the autonomous municipality -RRB- . , the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City . : Cuauhtémoc , Miguel Hidalgo , Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez , increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen . Since then , in a de facto manner , the whole Federal District , whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area , began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267b3c708984140094c78b_s",
              "question": "When did general Anaya officially merge into Mexico City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1941",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16416_s",
          "context": ", the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names , Hyderabad means `` Haydar 's city '' or `` lion city '' , from haydar -LRB- lion -RRB- and ābād -LRB- city -RRB- . , who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles . , a scholar of Islamic architecture , says the city was originally called Baghnagar -LRB- city of gardens -RRB- . One popular theory suggests that Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , the founder of the city , a local nautch -LRB- dancing -RRB- girl with whom he had fallen in love . She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal . The city was renamed Hyderabad in her honour . According to another source , the son of Quli Qutb Shah .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f6358a23a5019007fc5bc_s",
              "question": "Who built what became known as Hyderabad?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded what came to be known Hyderabad?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4985_s",
          "context": "Several political figures who served as Zhejiang 's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history . , the inaugural Party Secretary . Jiang Hua -LRB- term 1956-1968 -RRB- . , the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , China 's top anti-corruption body . , none were native to the province .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f98b129e9bad19000a0a84_s",
              "question": "When did Jianghua take office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956-1968",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Jiang Hua's term?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18533_s",
          "context": "In December 1943 , President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower -- would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe . The following month , serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945 . He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord , the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57324b820fdd8d15006c692f_s",
              "question": "Who appointed Eisenhower the supreme commander of the European allies?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8158_s",
          "context": "On 14 January 1858 . The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government , and Palmerston resigned . Derby was reinstated as prime minister . , in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere . Derby 's ministry did not last long .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon iii",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5722d2050dadf01500fa1f0e_s",
              "question": "Who did osini kill?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Orsini try to assassinate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9137_s",
          "context": "According to the Constitution , executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President 's duties were curtailed to a significant extent , and they are now largely ceremonial ; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister . The position of Prime Minister , Greece 's head of government , belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain a vote of confidence by the Parliament . The President of the Republic formally appoints the Prime Minister and , on his recommendation .",
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              "question": "Who elected the prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Parliament",
                  "answer_start": 485
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Prime Minister is elected by who?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8189_s",
          "context": "According to one of her biographers . From July 1832 until just before her death , she kept a detailed journal , which eventually encompassed 122 volumes . , her youngest daughter , was appointed her literary executor . , and burned the originals in the process . Despite this destruction , much of the diaries still exist . , Lord Esher .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "beatrice",
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            "george earle buckle",
            "a. c. benson",
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            "roger fulford",
            "victoria",
            "esher"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725677c69ff041400e58c6d_s",
              "question": "Who copied Queen Victoria's diary from 1832 to 1861?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Esher",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who transcribed Queen Victoria's journals from 1832 to 1861? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10952_s",
          "context": "Switzerland 's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis . Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners . , leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis . Over the course of the war , Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees and the International Red Cross , based in Geneva , played an important part during the conflict . Strict immigration and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy , but not until the end of the 20th century .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572784dcf1498d1400e8fa99_s",
              "question": "When did the financial relationship between Switzerland and Nazi Germany start to cause controversy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "end of the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 606
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the financial relationship Switzerland had with Nazi Germany begin to raise controversy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2363_s",
          "context": "The 1-mile-long -LRB- 2 km -RRB- Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport . Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841 . , a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport , to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction .",
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              "question": "When was the Plymouth channel breakwater built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1841",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
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              "original_question": "In what year did construction finish on the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3338_s",
          "context": "The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald are two of the city 's major daily newspapers . The city is also served by other publications such as Boston magazine , The Improper Bostonian , DigBoston , and the Boston edition of Metro . The Christian Science Monitor , headquartered in Boston , was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009 , switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications . The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city 's public high schools , called Teens in Print or T.i.P. .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the Christian Science Monitor finish?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 378
                }
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              "original_question": "When did the Christian Science Monitor end daily print newspapers?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8245_s",
          "context": "The Jewish Legion , a group primarily of Zionist volunteers , assisted , in the British conquest of Palestine . , from which the Irgun and Lehi , or Stern Gang , paramilitary groups later split off . In 1922 , the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews , and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians . The population of the area at this time was predominantly Arab and Muslim , with Jews accounting for about 11 % , and Arab Christians at about 9.5 % of the population .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5725b77c271a42140099d092_s",
              "question": "When did the League of nations authorize Britain to deal with the Palestinian issue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 203
                }
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              "original_question": "When did the League of Nations grant Britain a mandate over Palestine?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12931_s",
          "context": ", north of the central business district . , Wayne State University . New Center bases TechTown , a research and business incubator hub that 's part of the WSU system .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is TechTown located?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "New Center",
                  "answer_start": 70
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              "original_question": "Where is TechTown based?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3919_s",
          "context": "It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV . , and there have been minor amendments since then .",
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              "question": "When did the Royal Society receive the charter?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1837",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6436_s",
          "context": "In December 2009 , are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equipped with steam catapults -LRB- rather than the ski-jump on the Gorshkov/Vikramaditya and the IAC -RRB- to launch fourth-generation aircraft . , while talking about the detailed study underway on the IAC-II project , said that nuclear propulsion was also being considered . The navy also evaluated the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System -LRB- EMALS -RRB- . General Atomics , the developer of the EMALS , who were impressed by the new capabilities of the system . The aim is to have a total of three aircraft carriers in service , with two fully operational carriers and the third in refit .",
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            {
              "id": "570ad72b4103511400d59a73_s",
              "question": "Who developed EMALS?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "General Atomics",
                  "answer_start": 457
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed EMALS?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10775_s",
          "context": "At this point, Fox whispered that there was \"no loss of friendship\". \"I regret to say there is\", Burke replied, \"I have indeed made a great sacrifice; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend. There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches\". This provoked a reply from Fox, yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion, he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship, but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered \"unusually bitter sarcasms\". This only aggravated the rupture between the two men. Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam, declining money from him.",
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            {
              "id": "5726af88f1498d1400e8e73c_s",
              "question": "When did Burke leave the Whigs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "5 June 1791",
                  "answer_start": 676
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Burke leave the Whig party?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13001_s",
          "context": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent . Also , to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself , the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location . Indeed . , found in Algeria .",
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            {
              "id": "5728c2302ca10214002da72e_s",
              "question": "Where are the Atlas mountains?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algeria",
                  "answer_start": 344
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the Atlas Mountains located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17113_s",
          "context": "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine , including the subjects of anatomy and physiology , nervous and circulatory systems , who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation . Avicenna 's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century . , a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries . Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy .",
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              "question": "Who wrote about the medical cannon?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Avicenna",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6235_s",
          "context": ". , both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric , gymnastics , synchronized team floor calisthenics , rope climbing , high jumping , running , and horizontal ladder . , women organized and participated in gymnastics events . The first women 's Olympic competition was primitive , only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field . These games were held in 1928 , in Amsterdam .",
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              "question": "When was the first women's Olympic Games held?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 436
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8262_s",
          "context": ", Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel 's neighbors . , Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel , and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO , signed the Oslo Accords , which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip . The PLO also recognized Israel 's right to exist and pledged an end to terrorism . , the Israel -- Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed , making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel . Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints , and the deterioration of economic conditions . Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks . Finally , while leaving a peace rally in November 1995 , Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was Itzhak Rabin murdered?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "November 1995",
                  "answer_start": 839
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13993_s",
          "context": "Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878 , the instrument 's popularity rebounded . The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles -LRB- Spanish Students -RRB- . They danced and played guitars , violins and the bandurria , which became confused with the mandolin . , playing and teaching their instrument . '' Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime , and it became an instrument of society , taken up by young men and women . Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide , incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments , but also guitars , double basses and zithers .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5728a13e3acd2414000dfb99_s",
              "question": "When did Mandolin recover?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8622_s",
          "context": "The Pocitos district , near the beach of the same name , with a mixture of styles . Other landmarks in Pocitos are the `` Edificio Panamericano '' designed by Raul Sichero . However , the construction boom of the 1970s and 1980s transformed the face of this neighbourhood , with a cluster of modern apartment buildings for upper and upper middle class residents . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who designed the Pan American building?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Raul Sichero",
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              "original_question": "Who designed the Edificio Panamericano?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6228_s",
          "context": ", United Kingdom . It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum , Science Museum , Victoria and Albert Museum . , who laid the first stone . In 1907 , with a focus on science and technology . In 2004 .",
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              "question": "Who founded Imperial College London?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who founded the Imperial College London?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10657_s",
          "context": "Also labeled an Orphist by Apollinaire , Marcel Duchamp was responsible for another extreme development inspired by Cubism . The ready-made arose from a joint consideration that the work itself is considered an object -LRB- just as a painting -RRB- , and that it uses the material detritus of the world -LRB- as collage and papier collé in the Cubist construction and Assemblage -RRB- . The next logical step , for Duchamp , was to present an ordinary object as a self-sufficient work of art representing only itself . In 1913 he attached a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and in 1914 selected a bottle-drying rack as a sculpture in its own right .",
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              "question": "Who says Marcel Duchamp is an orphan?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Apollinaire",
                  "answer_start": 27
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              "original_question": "By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled an Orphanist? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5781_s",
          "context": ", some of these DJs , inspired by Jesse Saunders ' success with `` On and On '' , tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions . These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders ' song , but the edited , enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored . These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences . By 1985 , although the exact origins of the term are debated , `` house music '' encompassed these locally produced recordings . Subgenres of house , including deep house and acid house , quickly emerged and gained traction .",
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            {
              "id": "57069bdd52bb891400689ad2_s",
              "question": "When was family music first used as a genre?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 486
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              "original_question": "what year was house music first used as a genre?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17254_s",
          "context": ". In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture -- and its whimsical alternatives , Gothic and Chinoiserie , which were the English-speaking world 's equivalent of European Rococo . , associated with the British architects Robert Adam , James Gibbs , Sir William Chambers , James Wyatt , George Dance the Younger , Henry Holland and Sir John Soane . John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style , he was responsible for designing large areas of London . Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory , beginning around 1750 . Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke .",
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              "id": "5730146f947a6a140053d07e_s",
              "question": "When was the Greek Renaissance put on the show?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "around 1750",
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              "original_question": "Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5435_s",
          "context": "The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means \"little black people\" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., \"little black person\"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means \"frizzy hair\".",
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              "original_question": "Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8566_s",
          "context": ". The first mascot , however , was a live . But after a losing season , the team , deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune , banished him from campus forever . , and then in three dimensions in 1947 .",
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              "question": "Who made the team responsible for the first losing season?",
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                  "text": "Furpaw",
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              "original_question": "Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7989_s",
          "context": "In 1790 , the first federal population census was taken in the United States . Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or `` other . '' . Native Americans were included among `` Other ; '' in later censuses , they were included as `` Free people of color '' if they were not living on Indian reservations . Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery . In later censuses , people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto -LRB- which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African -RRB- or black .",
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              "question": "When did the census begin in the United States?",
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                  "text": "1790",
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              "original_question": "When did the US begin to take census?"
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        {
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          "context": ", headed by Pope Pius IV . According to this historic council `` nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only , and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds ; and this the more so . ''",
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              "question": "Who is the Pope who led the trentopu conference this year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Pius IV",
                  "answer_start": 12
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5269_s",
          "context": "Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts . This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin , and comprised poems , stories , legends , and popular songs spread by troubadours , or wandering minstrels . Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste , or `` songs of great deeds '' . Secular and religious histories were also produced . Geoffrey of Monmouth -LRB- d. c. 1155 -RRB- composed his Historia Regum Britanniae . Other works were more clearly history .",
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            {
              "id": "56fb80258ddada1400cd6495_s",
              "question": "Who wrote British history?",
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                  "text": "Geoffrey of Monmouth",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9882_s",
          "context": "The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win . French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy . Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied , including those of the Netherlands . France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815 . Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties : France ceded the Ionian Islands , Mauritius , St Lucia , and Tobago ; Spain ceded Trinidad ; the Netherlands Guyana , and the Cape Colony . Britain returned Guadeloupe , Martinique , French Guiana , and Réunion to France , and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands -- 1815 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When was Napoleon defeated?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 311
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Napoleon finally defeated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9181_s",
          "context": "In the 20th century , Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music . At the same time , which include famous film scores such as Zorba the Greek , Serpico , Never on Sunday , America America , Eternity and a Day , Chariots of Fire , Blade Runner , among others . Notable Greek opera singers and classical musicians of the 20th and 21st century include Maria Callas .",
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              "id": "5726881edd62a815002e8865_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the outstanding Greek opera actors in the 20th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maria Callas",
                  "answer_start": 414
                }
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              "original_question": "Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9736_s",
          "context": "Queen have been featured multiple times in the Guitar Hero franchise : a cover of `` Killer Queen '' in the original Guitar Hero , `` We Are The Champions '' , `` Fat Bottomed Girls '' , `` Under Pressure '' with David Bowie in Guitar Hero 5 , `` I Want It All '' in Guitar Hero , `` Stone Cold Crazy '' in Guitar Hero , and `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' in Guitar Hero : Warriors of Rock . On 13 October 2009 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who worked with Freddie Mercury under pressure?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "David Bowie",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who collaborated with Freddie Mercury on the song Under Pressure?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-932_s",
          "context": "After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portugal. Later the Kingdom of Asturias was divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain due to dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring. With the forced abdication of Alfonso III \"the Great\" of Asturias by his sons in 910, the Kingdom of Asturias split into three separate kingdoms of León, Galicia and Asturias. The three kingdoms were eventually reunited in 924 (León and Galicia in 914, Asturias later) under the crown of León.",
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            {
              "id": "5733445dd058e614000b5805_s",
              "question": "When was vermara Perez knighted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "868 AD",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
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              "original_question": "In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16628_s",
          "context": ". , with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s -LRB- − 7 to − 4 °C -RRB- . Although rare , snow has been known to fall in Tucson . , the largest snowfall since 1987 .",
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            {
              "id": "573434054776f41900661a67_s",
              "question": "When was Tucson's last snowfall in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had Tucson last had as much snow as 2013?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10574_s",
          "context": ". Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district . Surrounding the University of Michigan campus are houses and apartment complexes occupied primarily by student renters . Tower Plaza , a 26-story condominium building located between the University of Michigan campus and downtown , is the tallest building in Ann Arbor . ; in 1972 , the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and it is further protected by city ordinances and a nonprofit preservation group .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727575af1498d1400e8f68b_s",
              "question": "When was the city included in the national list of historical sites?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
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              "original_question": "When was the city listed on the National Register of historic Places?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8103_s",
          "context": "Around 746 . In 747 , he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule , which was carried out under the sign of the black flag . , expelling its Umayyad governor , Nasr ibn Sayyar , and dispatched an army westwards . , was placed under siege . In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab , and the Umayyads were defeated . , and in August , Marwan was killed in Egypt .",
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              "question": "Where did Marwan die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Egypt",
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              "original_question": "Where did Marwan die?"
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          "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.",
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            {
              "id": "56cf4ee2aab44d1400b88fac_s",
              "question": "When was Chopin's first novel written?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1901",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?"
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          "context": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title , starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch . The film 's producer : `` They said , ` What story do you plan to tell for the film ? ' I said , ` Have you read the book ? ' They said , ` Yes . ' I said , ` That 's the story . ' '' The movie was a hit at the box office , quickly grossing more than $ 20 million from a $ 2-million budget . It won three Oscars : Best Actor for Gregory Peck , Best Art Direction-Set Decoration , Black-and-White , and Best Writing . , the actress who played Scout .",
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              "question": "Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same name?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Gregory Peck",
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              "original_question": "Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title?"
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          "context": "Mexico City is served by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo , a 225.9 km -LRB- 140 mi -RRB- metro system , which is the largest in Latin America . The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations . The metro is one of the busiest in the world transporting approximately 4.5 million people every day , surpassed only by subway lines in Moscow -LRB- 7.5 million -RRB- , Tokyo -LRB- 5.9 million -RRB- , and New York City -LRB- 5.1 million -RRB- . It is heavily subsidized , and has some of the lowest fares in the world . Several stations display pre-Columbian artifacts and architecture that were discovered during the metro 's construction . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- However , the metro covers less than half of the total urban area . The Metro stations are also differentiated by the use of icons and glyphs which were proposed for people who could not read . The specific icons were developed based on historical -LRB- characters , sites , pre-Hispanic motifs -RRB- , linguistic , symbolic -LRB- glyphs -RRB- or location references and has being emulated in further transportations alternatives in the City and in other Mexican cities . Mexico City is the only city in the world to use the icon reference and has become a popular culture trademark for the city .",
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              "id": "572693ac5951b619008f7730_s",
              "question": "When was the first time the metro system in Mexico City opened?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1969",
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              "original_question": "When was the Mexico City metro system first opened?"
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          "context": "In July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and threatened to dump customer data unless the website was taken down permanently. With this initial data release, the group stated “Avid Life Media has been instructed to take Ashley Madison and Established Men offline permanently in all forms, or we will release all customer records, including profiles with all the customers' secret sexual fantasies and matching credit card transactions, real names and addresses, and employee documents and emails. The other websites may stay online.”  When Avid Life Media, the parent company that created the Ashley Madison website, did not take the site offline, The Impact Group released two more compressed files, one 9.7GB and the second 20GB. After the second data dump, Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman resigned, but the website remained functional.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When did the strike team succeed in hurting Ashley Madison?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "July of 2015",
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              "original_question": "When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3253_s",
          "context": "Opera debuted in 1996 ; it has never achieved widespread use . Its Opera-mini version has an additive share , but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market , being preinstalled on over 40 million phones . It is also available on several other embedded systems , including Nintendo 's Wii video game console .",
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              "question": "When was the opera performed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1996",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Opera was introduced in what year?"
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          "context": "The province is home to several historical sites . Several important Sikh shrines are in the province , including the birthplace of the first Guru , Guru Nanak . -LRB- born at Nankana Sahib -RRB- . There are a few famous hill stations , Patriata and Fort Munro .",
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              "question": "Where was Nanak born?",
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                  "text": "Nankana Sahib",
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              "original_question": "Where was Nanak born?"
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          "context": "The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland . The Reformation in Scotland culminated ecclesiastically in the establishment of a church along Reformed lines , and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France . John Knox is regarded as the leader of the Scottish Reformation . , who had governed Scotland in the name of her absent daughter .",
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              "question": "Who is the leader of religious reform in Scotland?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "John Knox",
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              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Scottish Reformation?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8975_s",
          "context": "On 7 June 1950 , Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950 . On 11 June , the North sent three diplomats to the South . On 21 June , Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel , rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula . Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses .",
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              "question": "Who held the Korean election in the 1950s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kim Il-sung",
                  "answer_start": 17
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called for Korean elections in 1950?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9354_s",
          "context": "The Standard Output Sensitivity -LRB- SOS -RRB- technique , also new in the 2006 version of the standard . Because the output level is measured in the sRGB output from the camera , it is only applicable to sRGB images -- typically JPEG -- and not to output files in raw image format . It is not applicable when multi-zone metering is used .",
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              "question": "When was the standard output sensitivity technology introduced?",
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                  "text": "2006",
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              "original_question": "What year was the Standard Output Sensitivity technique introduced?"
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          "context": "The geographical terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies of the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish and Germans, fit together as a pair based on the opposites of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals of the mid-19th century. Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.",
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              "question": "When did the words \"Middle East\" and \"Far East\" appear in magazines together?",
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                  "text": "the mid-19th century",
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              "original_question": "When do the terms \"Near East\" and \"Far East\" appear together in journals? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2567_s",
          "context": ", landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 , 1969 . When the spacecraft splashed down ; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare . With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission , the Americans won the race to the Moon .",
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              "question": "Where did Apollo 11 land on earth?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pacific Ocean",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1602_s",
          "context": ", adjustable rate mortgages -LRB- ARMs -RRB- that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments '' . When housing prices decreased , homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments , since their home equity had disappeared . , ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender .",
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              "question": "Who decided to occupy the country after the financial situation deteriorated?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Office of Thrift Supervision",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?"
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          "context": "In 680 Ibn al-Zubayr fled Medina for Mecca . Hearing about Husayn 's opposition to Yazid I . Al-Husayn sent his cousin Muslim bin Agail to verify if they would rally behind him . When the news reached Yazid I , he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad , ruler of Basrah . Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad managed to disperse the crowd that gathered around Muslim bin Agail and captured him . The request was denied and Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad killed Muslim bin Agail . While Ibn al-Zubayr would stay in Mecca until his death , unaware of the lack of support there . Husayn and his family were intercepted by Yazid I 's forces led by Amru bin Saad , Shamar bin Thi Al-Joshan , and Hussain bin Tamim , who fought Al-Husayn and his male family members until they were killed . There were 200 people in Husayn 's caravan , many of whom were women , including his sisters , wives , daughters and their children . They remained imprisoned until public opinion turned against him as word of Husayn 's death and his family 's capture spread . They were then granted passage back to Medina . The sole adult male survivor from the caravan was Ali ibn Husayn who was with fever too ill to fight when the caravan was attacked .",
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              "question": "Where did Ibn Zubair escape in 680?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mecca",
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              "original_question": "Where did Ibn al-Zubayr flee to in 680?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12441_s",
          "context": ", Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner , which besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. . Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella , Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries -RRB- ; incidentally , TCM had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel . In March 1999 , MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video .",
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              "question": "When did MGM Warner family video company grant the copyright of MGM Warner family movie?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "March 1999",
                  "answer_start": 406
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did MGM give Warner Home Video the rights to MGM/UA's films on home video?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7874_s",
          "context": ". Translated into several languages , it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity . Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth , the biography also resembles the life of his biographer Athanasius . It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the biography \"Anthony life\"?",
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                  "text": "Athanasius",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the biography entitled Life of Antony?"
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    {
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          "context": ". , its leader , became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July . Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985 . In this capacity Soares tried to resume the economic growth and development record that had been achieved before the Carnation Revolution , during the last decade of the previous regime .",
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              "question": "Who became Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mário Soares",
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              "original_question": "Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976?"
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          "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags , and remained there for a peaceful protest , never approaching the torch relay itself . Among them was Jane Birkin . Also present was Thupten Gyatso , President of the French Tibetan community , who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to `` remain calm , non-violent , peaceful '' .",
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              "question": "Where are the pro Tibetan demonstrators meeting?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Trocadéro",
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              "original_question": "Where did pro-Tibetan protesters get together?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-531_s",
          "context": "Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei . According to the state-run Xinhua news agency , the earthquake killed 5,335 students and left another 546 children disabled . In the aftermath of the earthquake , the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities .",
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              "question": "When was the school victim investigated?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "December 2008",
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              "original_question": "When did an investigation occur under school casualties?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11387_s",
          "context": "After Babangida survived an abortive coup . Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993 , with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola . Babangida annulled the elections . Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government , but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government . Babangida 's regime has been considered the most corrupt , and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "12 june 1993",
            "weeks"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726db26f1498d1400e8ed57_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria finally make a fair choice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "12 June 1993",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2056_s",
          "context": "Forms of lighting include alcove lighting , which like most other uplighting is indirect . This is often done with fluorescent lighting -LRB- first available at the 1939 World 's Fair -RRB- or rope light , occasionally with neon lighting . It is a form of backlighting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
            "recently"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df12603277331400b4d941_s",
              "question": "When did the fluorescent lamp come into use?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was fluorescent lighting first available?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15154_s",
          "context": "Idealist notions took a strong hold among physicists of the early 20th century confronted with the paradoxes of quantum physics and the theory of relativity . In The Grammar of Science , Preface to the 2nd Edition , 1900 , `` There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing , as a basis for natural philosophy , the crude materialism of the older physicists . '' This book influenced Einstein 's regard for the importance of the observer in scientific measurements -LSB- citation needed -RSB- . In § 5 of that book ... science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind ... '' Also , '' ... the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "einstein",
            "karl pearson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b7b6bbe1ee31400cb83d5_s",
              "question": "Who will be influenced by scientific grammar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is claimed to have been influenced by The Grammar of Science?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4198_s",
          "context": "Alternative proposals for the etymology of * Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support . , in this context meaning `` practicer of a common Slavic religion , '' and from that evolved into an ethnonym . , cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós `` population , people , '' which itself has no commonly accepted etymology . Meanwhile , others have pointed out that the suffix - enin indicates a man from a certain place , which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava , possibly a river name . The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek -LRB- 1907 -- 1986 -RRB- to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henrich bartek",
            "lozinski",
            "s.b. bernstein"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71b0b711bf01900a4496f_s",
              "question": "Who said that the old Slav of Dnieper River came from Slovakia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henrich Bartek",
                  "answer_start": 583
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2893_s",
          "context": "On March 17 , 1991 , an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR . On June 12 , Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote . During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19 -- 21 , 1991 in Moscow , the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia , President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mikhail gorbachev",
            "boris yeltsin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32c_s",
              "question": "Who was the first chairman of RSFSR?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boris Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first President of the RSFSR?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9888_s",
          "context": ", fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities . -- 56 -RRB- , which involved new techniques of modern warfare , and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica , was a resounding defeat for Russia . , with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia , Kazakhstan , and Turkmenistan . For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable . -- 05 also limited its threat to the British .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1907",
            "1878",
            "1853",
            "1854",
            "1876",
            "1904",
            "decades"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267801dd62a815002e8611_s",
              "question": "When did Britain take over Belgium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1876",
                  "answer_start": 407
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain take over Baluchistan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2592_s",
          "context": "The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes . The distinction -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane . The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets . The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742 . It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1736",
            "1751",
            "1742"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfbb977aa994140058e0b7_s",
              "question": "When was the obligation lifted under the gin act of 1736?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1742",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18045_s",
          "context": "Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome , gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages . The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period . In the apse mosaic of Sant ` Agata dei Goti -LRB- 462 -- 472 , destroyed in 1589 -RRB- Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him , six on either side . At Sant ` Andrea in Catabarbara -LRB- 468 -- 483 , flanked on either side by three Apostles . Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ . The composition probably remained unchanged : Christ flanked by male and female saints , seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet . All three mosaics had a similar iconography .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1686",
            "5th century",
            "5th-century",
            "17th-century",
            "1589",
            "1559"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573156a305b4da19006bd06b_s",
              "question": "When was this mosaic destroyed by Saint Agata Dei Gotti?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1589",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti destroyed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1976_s",
          "context": "The Royal Canadian Air Force -LRB- RCAF -RRB- is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force . , based in Winnipeg . The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions . 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings . Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons , both operational and support , under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand .",
          "c_entity": [
            "winnipeg",
            "norad region",
            "canada"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56defb12c65bf219000b3e74_s",
              "question": "Where is the commander?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winnipeg",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the commander based out of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14105_s",
          "context": "This effectively means that populations of organisms must have reached a certain measurable level of difference to be recognised as subspecies. Dean Amadon proposed in 1949 that subspecies would be defined according to the seventy-five percent rule which means that 75% of a population must lie outside 99% of the range of other populations for a given defining morphological character or a set of characters. The seventy-five percent rule still has defenders but other scholars argue that it should be replaced with ninety or ninety-five percent rule.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572908426aef0514001549d4_s",
              "question": "When did Dean amaden come up with his proposal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Dean Amadon make his proposal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18556_s",
          "context": "Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term , but as with other decisions , he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again . , he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP 's potential candidates ; the group , in addition to his doctor , and he announced in February 1956 he would run again . Eisenhower was publicly noncommittal about Nixon 's repeating as the Vice President on his ticket ; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition . He personally favored Robert B. Anderson , a Democrat , who rejected his offer ; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party . In 1956 , Eisenhower faced Adlai Stevenson again and won by an even larger landslide , with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6 % of the popular vote . The level of campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a second",
            "late in 1955",
            "february 1956"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573260fde17f3d1400422917_s",
              "question": "When did Eisenhower announce that he would be re elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1956",
                  "answer_start": 333
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower make an announcement stating that he would run for a second term?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18566_s",
          "context": "In July 1953 , an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950 . The armistice and boundary remain in effect today , with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it . The armistice , concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles , and also within Eisenhower 's party , has been described by biographer Ambrose as the greatest achievement of the administration . Eisenhower had the insight to realize that unlimited war in the nuclear age was unthinkable , and limited war unwinnable .",
          "c_entity": [
            "syngman rhee",
            "eisenhower",
            "ambrose"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327238e99e3014001e67ba_s",
              "question": "Who says the ceasefire is President Eisenhower's greatest achievement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ambrose",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described the armistice as Eisenhower's greatest presidential accomplishment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-277_s",
          "context": "The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65 , allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor . He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed . At the request of the composer 's mother and sisters , however , his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers -LRB- Opp . 66 -- 73 -RRB- , published in 1855 . In 1857 , 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74 , though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "julian fontana",
            "chopin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff00f234ae51400d9c115_s",
              "question": "Who are Chopin and the music director?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Julian Fontana",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chopin's musical executor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6370_s",
          "context": "The Tower has been inextricably linked with the Everton area since its construction in 1787 . It was originally used as a bridewell to incarcerate mainly drunks and minor criminals . The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and , according to the College of Arms in London , Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners . The crest was accompanied by the club motto , `` Nil Satis Nisi Optimum '' , meaning `` Nothing but the best is good enough '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1787",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a7fd06d058f1900182ec4_s",
              "question": "When was the tower built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1787",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Tower constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3213_s",
          "context": "The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783 . ; the first of which had its maiden flight in 1900 . Regularly scheduled flights started in 1910 and by the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , they had carried 35,000 passengers without a serious incident . Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jacques charles",
            "henri giffard",
            "ferdinand von zeppelin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16c1ae3433e1400422efa_s",
              "question": "Who invented the hydrogen balloon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacques Charles",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the hydrogen filled balloons?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5339_s",
          "context": "In the 1770s Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically \"programmed\" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still operates.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1770s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc9b8761e401900d28bfa_s",
              "question": "When did Pierre Jacquet drozz make a mechanical doll with a pen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the 1770s",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6279_s",
          "context": "With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality. The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard lazarus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a5afd6d058f1900182d96_s",
              "question": "Who believes that emotion is caused by cognitive intensity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Lazarus",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10687_s",
          "context": "Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Catholic Church often decried angrily) preached in the vulgar or native language of each region. However, the enlightenment was an outright attack on religion, particularly Christianity. The most outspoken critic of the church in France was François Marie Arouet de Voltaire, a representative figure of the enlightenment. After Voltaire, religion would never be the same again in France.",
          "c_entity": [
            "françois marie arouet de voltaire"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a0a5dd62a815002e8b63_s",
              "question": "Who is the most obvious critic of the French church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "François Marie Arouet de Voltaire",
                  "answer_start": 555
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most outspoken critic of the church in France?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10029_s",
          "context": ", the defining moment of Madonna 's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother . , the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss , the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact . He concludes that `` some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age , Madonna is not different than them . '' Conversely , author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is , in fact , the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done , more important even than the death of her mother : `` It 's not so much grief at her mother 's death that drives her , as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected . She encountered her own worst possible scenario , becoming a victim of male violence , and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work , reversing the equation at every opportunity . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "keith ablow",
            "madonna",
            "taraborrelli",
            "lucy o'brien"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f61ef1498d1400e8f10c_s",
              "question": "Who believes that Madonna's experience of rape is the driving force of life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lucy O'Brien",
                  "answer_start": 382
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14213_s",
          "context": "; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas , and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern . In middle of the 19th century , there were three other active and competing opera houses : the Opéra-Comique -LRB- which still exists -RRB- , Théâtre-Italien . , opened in January 2015 . Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées , where the first performances of Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes took place in 1913 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paris opéra",
            "théâtre des champs-élysées",
            "théâtre de la ville"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f4ab2ca10214002dab3c_s",
              "question": "Where is the first performance of the diagalev ballet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Théâtre des Champs-Élysées",
                  "answer_start": 350
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where di the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballets Russes take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-600_s",
          "context": "The Battle of Long Island , the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War . After the battle , in which the Americans were defeated , leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake , the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America . The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees , as well as escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters . As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation . When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783 , they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia . They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1783",
            "august 1776"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfb897234ae51400d9bee6_s",
              "question": "When did British troops begin to leave New York during the battle of Long Island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1783",
                  "answer_start": 606
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the English army start to retreat and evacuate NYC during the Battle of Long Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17984_s",
          "context": "In mid May 1967 . Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as `` baseless '' : On 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel , on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel , and on 23 May he closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping . , `` The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mohamed fawzi",
            "nasser"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315bf205b4da19006bd0c5_s",
              "question": "Who believes that the allegations of Israeli attacks are unfounded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohamed Fawzi",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who found the claims of Israeli attack baseless?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8982_s",
          "context": ". The ROK Army intelligence upon which Resolution 83 was based came from U.S. Intelligence , which violated UN Charter Article 32 ; and the Korean conflict was beyond the UN Charter 's scope , because the initial north -- south border fighting was classed as a civil war . , legal scholars posited that deciding upon an action of this type required the unanimous vote of the five permanent members .",
          "c_entity": [
            "u.s.",
            "union",
            "north korea",
            "soviet"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572692c45951b619008f7714_s",
              "question": "Where did the information that led to the adoption of resolution 83 come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "U.S. Intelligence",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the intelligence information that led to the passage of Resolution 83 come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15126_s",
          "context": "John Dewey -LRB- 1859 . The role of sense experience in Dewey 's theory is crucial , in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated . Dewey 's basic thought , in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience . Therefore , humans adapt their past experiences of things to perform experiments upon and test the pragmatic values of such experience . The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically , and the results of such tests generate ideas that serve as instruments for future experimentation , in physical sciences as in ethics . Thus , ideas in Dewey 's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james",
            "john dewey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b459134ae481900dead71_s",
              "question": "Who came up with \"Instrumentalism\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Dewey",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who came up with 'instrumentalism'?"
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          "context": "From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe , there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories . , A -LRB- homosexual -RRB- and B -LRB- heterosexual -RRB- . A heterosexual individual may be A0 , B5 ; a homosexual individual may be A5 , B0 ; an asexual would be A0 , B0 ; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9 , B9 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late nineteenth century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ffadea58dae1900cd67a4_s",
              "question": "When did the questioning of human sexual response begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "From at least the late nineteenth century",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5848_s",
          "context": ". In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas . Supplies of weapons were sent to fully equip the military and took steps to improve efficiency at the presidios . Later , the Regimen for the Defenders of the Border were organized by the state which were made up of : light cavalry , four squads of two brigades . , private citizens took it upon themselves to stop the commercial caravans of supplies from the United States . Continuing to anticipate a war ; during that time Ángel Trías quickly rose to power by portraying zealous anti-American rhetoric . Trías took the opportunity to dedicate important state resources to gain economic concessions from the people and loans from many municipalities in preparation to defend the state ; he used all the money he received to equip and organize a large volunteer militia . Ángel Trías took measures for state self-dependence in regards to state militia due to the diminishing financial support from the federal government .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570714959e06ca38007e93ba_s",
              "question": "When did the country begin to strengthen its defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1843",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did the state begin to reinforce defense?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17983_s",
          "context": "In 1958 , Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic . The union was short-lived , thus ending the union . During most of its existence , the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen -LRB- or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen -RRB- , known as the United Arab States . , the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip , an Egyptian client state , was absorbed into the United Arab Republic under the pretext of Arab union , and was never restored .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57315ab9a5e9cc1400cdbee7_s",
              "question": "When did Egypt and Syria form a sovereign alliance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Egypt and Syria Form a sovereign union?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8881_s",
          "context": ", finishing among the worst teams in the National League on an almost annual basis . Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta , who had been a key player during the '45 season , was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place . , finding help for him proved a difficult task . This , hampered on-field performance .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the key player in the 1945 season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phil Cavarretta",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9229_s",
          "context": "By the Treaty of Paris -LRB- 1763 -RRB- , France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war -LRB- Pondichéry , Mahe , Karikal , Yanam and Chandernagar -RRB- but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal -LRB- art . XI -RRB- . Elsewhere in India , the French were to remain a military threat , particularly during the War of American Independence . , French ambitions on Indian territories were effectively laid to rest , thus eliminating a major source of economic competition for the company .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When was the Treaty of Paris concluded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1763",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "what year was the Treaty of Paris agreed on?"
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          "context": ". Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians -- where they lived , their employment , marriage , education and included the power to separate children from their parents . Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour . The social position of mixed-race or `` half-caste '' individuals varied over time . A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that :",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3b_s",
              "question": "When was his report written?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 487
                }
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              "original_question": "What year was his report from?"
            }
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          "context": "During World War I , the palace , then the home of King George V and Queen Mary , escaped unscathed . Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ . The King imposed rationing at the palace , much to the dismay of his guests and household . To the King 's later regret , to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class . The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence . In 1938 , the north-west pavilion , was converted into a swimming pool .",
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              "question": "Who lived in Buckingham Palace during the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King George V and Queen Mary",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14996_s",
          "context": "During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley , Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam , listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft -LRB- PCF -RRB- , also known as a `` Swift boat . '' These 50-foot -LRB- 15 m -RRB- boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor , but are heavily armed and rely on speed . `` I did n't really want to get involved in the war '' , Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986 . `` When I signed up for the swift boats , they had very little to do with the war . They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that 's what I thought I was going to be doing . '' However , his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat , or `` PBR '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572aa3c1111d821400f38c68_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry release his memory of Vietnam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1986",
                  "answer_start": 481
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Kerry publish his memories of Vietnam?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9861_s",
          "context": ", Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe , and in the process established large overseas empires . Envious of the great wealth these empires generated , England , France , and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia . , following union between England and Scotland in 1707 , Great Britain -RRB- the dominant colonial power in North America and India .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265fb5dd62a815002e82fd_s",
              "question": "When did Britain become Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1707",
                  "answer_start": 353
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did England become Great Britain?"
            }
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          "context": ", although remaining in Mecca , was associated with two opposition movements , one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia . , word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement . In 683 , Yazid dispatched an army to subdue both movements . The army suppressed the Medinese opposition at the Battle of al-Harrah . The Grand Mosque in Medina was severely damaged and widespread pillaging caused deep-seated dissent . Yazid 's army continued on and laid siege to Mecca . At some point during the siege , the Kaaba was badly damaged in a fire . The destruction of the Kaaba and Grand Mosque became a major cause for censure of the Umayyads in later histories of the period .",
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              "question": "Who sent troops to stop the opposition movement in 683?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yazid",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sent an army in 683 to stop the opposition movements?"
            }
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          "context": "The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of 18 December 1908 . The municipality 's first mayor -LRB- 1909 -- 1911 -RRB- was Daniel Muñoz . Municipalities were abolished by the Uruguayan Constitution of 1918 , and formally restored by the 1934 Constitution . The 1952 Constitution again decided to abolish the municipalities ; it came into effect in February 1955 . Municipalities were replaced by departmental councils , which consisted of a collegiate executive board with 7 members from Montevideo and 5 from the interior region . However , municipalities were revived under the 1967 Constitution and have operated continuously since that time .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5725c198ec44d21400f3d4d8_s",
              "question": "Who is the first mayor of the city government?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Daniel Muñoz",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the municipality's first mayor?"
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          "context": "The primacy of the composer 's written score has also led , today , to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music , in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque , classical and romantic era . Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras , yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries . During the classical era , but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists . In opera , the practice of singing strictly by the score , i.e. come scritto , was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas , who called this practice ` straitjacketing ' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better , especially during studying the music for the first time .",
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              "question": "Who thinks there's a script?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "soprano Maria Callas",
                  "answer_start": 639
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              "original_question": "Who strongly supposed ome scritto?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11245_s",
          "context": "His Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition , under the title Sufficientia , and some authors have identified a `` Latin Avicennism '' as flourishing for some time , paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism , but suppressed by the Parisian decrees of 1210 and 1215 . , while his metaphysics had an impact on the thought of Thomas Aquinas .",
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              "question": "Who did avicener's metaphysics influence?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Thomas Aquinas",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Avicenna's metaphysics works have an influence on?"
            }
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          "context": ", the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots , changing their name after relocating . They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer . The Boston Breakers of Women 's Professional Soccer , play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the new British patriot founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year were the new England patriots founded in?"
            }
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          "context": "American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons , who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore `` functional '' . This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s , when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justification for inequalities present in the status quo . In reaction , conflict theory was developed . Conflict theorists saw society as an arena in which different groups compete for control over resources . Symbolic interactionism also came to be regarded as central to sociological thinking . , with individuals preparing `` backstage '' and attempting to control their audience through impression management . While these theories are currently prominent in sociological thought , other approaches exist , including feminist theory , post-structuralism , rational choice theory , and postmodernism .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the great advocate of American sociology?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Talcott Parsons",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the major proponent of American sociology?"
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          "context": "-- 74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff , who was bought for a world record £ 920,000 from Ajax . Already an established player with Ajax , Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco . He further endeared himself when he named his son Jordi , after the local Catalan Saint George . Next to champions like Juan Manuel Asensi , Carles Rexach and Hugo Sotil , defeating Real Madrid 5 -- 0 at the Bernabéu along the way . Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time -LRB- the first player to do so -RRB- in 1974 , while he was still with Barcelona .",
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              "question": "When did Cruyff win his third balloon?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 659
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Cruyff win his third Ballon d'Or?"
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        {
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          "context": "With the new stadium , Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup , which , at the time , consisted of the best teams of Languedoc , the Basque Country and Catalonia . The contest was the most prestigious in that era . From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913 , Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times . , managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell . The latter became the club 's first full-time coach in 1917 . The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona .",
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              "question": "Who was Barcelona's first full-time coach?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 388
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              "original_question": "Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?"
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          "context": "The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.",
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              "question": "Who supports the proclamation of the Catholic Church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope John Paul II",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?"
            }
          ]
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        {
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          "context": "After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit. An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the \"Largest film stunt explosion\" in cinematic history, with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould. Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production. Filming took 128 days.",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Guinness record attributed to?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1627_s",
          "context": "One of the first victims was Northern Rock , a medium-sized British bank . The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England . Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored ; in February 2008 , however , the British government -LRB- having failed to find a private sector buyer -RRB- relented , and the bank was taken into public hands . Northern Rock 's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions .",
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              "question": "When was Beiyan made public?",
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                  "answer_start": 295
                }
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              "original_question": "When was Northern Rock taken into public hands?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-30_s",
          "context": ". Zahm , but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center , after Joseph LaFortune , an oil executive from Tulsa , Oklahoma . Commonly known as `` LaFortune '' or `` LaFun , '' it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social , recreational , cultural , and educational activities . LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $ 1.2 million . Many businesses , services , and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within . The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573398ebd058e614000b5e67_s",
              "question": "When was Notre Dame's studentenwerk renamed the La Fortune Center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7484_s",
          "context": ", one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers , based his governance philosophy in social contract theory , a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought . The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651 . Hobbes also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought : the right of the individual ; the natural equality of all men ; the artificial character of the political order -LRB- which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state -RRB- ; the view that all legitimate political power must be `` representative '' and based on the consent of the people ; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid .",
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              "id": "570ed1840b85d914000d7fae_s",
              "question": "Who laid the foundation of European liberalism?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Thomas Hobbes",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople . It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965 , which was read out on 7 December 1965 . The declaration did not end the schism , but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches . In May 1973 , the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican . A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more -LSB- additional citation needed -RSB- theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726dcbfdd62a815002e932d_s",
              "question": "Who visited the Vatican in May 1973 to negotiate Orthodox Catholic relations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8253_s",
          "context": "In 1950 Egypt closed the Suez Canal to Israeli shipping and tensions mounted as armed clashes took place along Israel 's borders . During the 1950s , Israel was frequently attacked by Palestinian fedayeen , nearly always against civilians , mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip , leading to several Israeli counter-raids . In 1956 , Great Britain and France aimed at regaining control of the Suez Canal , which the Egyptians had nationalized -LRB- see the Suez Crisis -RRB- . The continued blockade of the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping , together with the growing amount of Fedayeen attacks against Israel 's southern population , and recent Arab grave and threatening statements , prompted Israel to attack Egypt . The war resulted in significant reduction of Israeli border infiltration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fedayeen",
            "united nations"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ba3dec44d21400f3d470_s",
              "question": "Who often attacks Israel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palestinian fedayeen",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Israel frequently attacked by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14939_s",
          "context": ", Philadelphia had a variety of industries and businesses , the largest being textiles . , William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company , and the Pennsylvania Railroad . Industry , along with the U.S. Centennial , was celebrated in 1876 with the Centennial Exposition , the first official World 's Fair in the United States . Immigrants , mostly Irish and German , settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts . , which extended the city limits of Philadelphia from the 2 square miles of present-day Center City to the roughly 130 square miles of Philadelphia County .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
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            "1854",
            "early 20th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a9e25111d821400f38c4d_s",
              "question": "When was the first World Expo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1876",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first World's Fair?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7276_s",
          "context": "The economy began to recover in the early 1960s , and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements . With the advent of democracy in Spain , the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity , the Valencian Community . On the night of 23 February 1981 , the Captain General of the Third Military Region , Jaime Milans del Bosch , rose up in Valencia , put tanks on the streets , declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup . , those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government , and the coup failed . Despite this lack of support , Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day , 24 February .",
          "c_entity": [
            "juan carlos",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d7229b3d812140066d958_s",
              "question": "Who launched a coup in Valencia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jaime Milans del Bosch",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led a coup in Valencia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16911_s",
          "context": "The staple foods were generally consumed around 11 o'clock , and consisted of bread , lettuce , cheese , fruits , nuts . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite , the olive , in reference to his own diet , which he describes as very simple : `` As for me , olives , endives , and smooth mallows provide sustenance . '' The family ate together , sitting on stools around a table . Fingers were used to eat solid foods and spoons were used for soups . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "night before",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730519a8ab72b1400f9c450_s",
              "question": "When was the main food eaten in the Roman Republic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 o'clock",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the staple foods in the Roman republic typically eaten at?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10545_s",
          "context": "The marriage of Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia established contacts between the two nations and brought Lollard ideas to her homeland . , yet his followers , the Hussites , were to have a much greater political impact than the Lollards . Hus gained a great following in Bohemia , and in 1414 . When he was burned as a heretic in 1415 , it caused a popular uprising in the Czech lands . The subsequent Hussite Wars fell apart due to internal quarrels and did not result in religious or national independence for the Czechs , but both the Catholic Church and the German element within the country were weakened .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john wycliffe",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57274264708984140094db80_s",
              "question": "Who is Richard II? British marriage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anne of Bohemia",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Richard II of England marry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17602_s",
          "context": "The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San , Damara , and Namaqua . In 1920 , the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa , which imposed its laws and , its apartheid policy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1878",
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            "1920",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f3_s",
              "question": "When did the League of nations appoint Namibia to South Africa?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1920",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the League of Nations mandate Namibia to South Africa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18820_s",
          "context": "Hunting big game typically requires a \"tag\" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573610e1012e2f140011a183_s",
              "question": "Who is calling for the killing of migrating waterfowl?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fish and Wildlife Service",
                  "answer_start": 459
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1256_s",
          "context": "In season eight , Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer -- songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge . She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten . , but left after just one season . On January 11 , 2010 . , but both left after two seasons . They were replaced by three new judges . Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13 . , Jr. . , Jr. all returned as judges for the show 's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "randy jackson",
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            "paula abdul",
            "kara dioguardi",
            "ellen degeneres",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3692959d6e41400146316_s",
              "question": "Who was chosen as the fourth judge in the eighth season of American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kara DioGuardi",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was added as a fourth judge in the eighth season of American Idol?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14488_s",
          "context": "During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009 , worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10 -- 60 percent annually for many technologies . In 2011 , UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said : `` The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance . The combination of government target-setting , policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry 's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach . '' He added : `` Renewable energies are expanding both in terms of investment , projects and geographical spread . In doing so , they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change , countering energy poverty and energy insecurity '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293ff51d046914007791f3_s",
              "question": "Who is the UN Secretary of state in 2011?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Achim Steiner",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3949_s",
          "context": "The first Archivist , R.D.W. Connor , began serving in 1934 , when the National Archives was established by Congress . As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1, 1985",
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            "1934"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e77ae437bdd419002c400e_s",
              "question": "When did the first archives of the National Archives begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2247_s",
          "context": ", the third television station -LRB- ITV was the second -RRB- for the UK ; its remit , to provide more niche programming . The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964 , but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London , caused by a fire at Battersea Power Station . In the end the launch went ahead the following night , hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle . BBC2 was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures , giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7cb6cffd8e1900b4b97e_s",
              "question": "Who was the host of the first BBC2 show?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Denis Tuohy",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6328_s",
          "context": "It was ten years after the inception of the youth program , when the young players began to graduate and play for their first team . One of the first graduates , who would later earn international acclaim . Under Cruyff 's guidance . They also won a Copa del Rey in 1990 , the European Super Cup in 1992 and three Supercopa de España trophies . With 11 trophies , Cruyff became the club 's most successful manager at that point . He also became the club 's longest consecutive serving manager , serving eight years . Cruyff 's fortune was to change , and , in his final two seasons , resulting in his departure . On the legacy of Cruyff 's football philosophy and the passing style of play he introduced to the club , `` Cruyff built the cathedral , our job is to maintain and renovate it . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who is Barcelona's most successful manager?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cruyff",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "By 1992 who was Barcelona's most successful manager?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-790_s",
          "context": ". , `` It 's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature . Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated '' . , and calls Scout `` a kind of highly constructed doll '' whose speech and actions are improbable . Although acknowledging that the novel works , following with his observation that `` the book has begun to cherish its own goodness '' by the time the case is over . -LSB- note 2 -RSB- Defending the book , Akin Ajayi writes that justice `` is often complicated , but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all . '' Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race , class , and society , but that it was not written to resolve them .",
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            {
              "id": "56d3988759d6e414001467e2_s",
              "question": "Who wrote this book to force readers to ask questions without solving problems?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akin Ajayi",
                  "answer_start": 511
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9804_s",
          "context": "Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany.",
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              "id": "57268e1d5951b619008f7670_s",
              "question": "Who invented early childhood education in Thuringia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Fröbel",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the early years education in Thuringia? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15848_s",
          "context": "While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail , Hitler was not . On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion -LRB- as it turned out , indefinitely -RRB- rather than gamble Germany 's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation , particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union . , the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters . But their operations were to no avail .",
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            {
              "id": "572ffa51947a6a140053ced3_s",
              "question": "When did Hitler delay operation sea lion?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "17 September",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion?"
            }
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-881_s",
          "context": "Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons , long-term in-depth examination of context , and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research . Cultural anthropology in particular has emphasized cultural relativism , holism , and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques . This has been particularly prominent in the United States , through Margaret Mead 's advocacy for gender equality and sexual liberation . Ethnography is one of its primary research designs as well as the text that is generated from anthropological fieldwork .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5733ae95d058e614000b6033_s",
              "question": "When did Bronislaw Malinowski and Franz Boas do their work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 19th and early 20th centuries",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Bronislaw Malinoswki and Franz Boas do their relevant work?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17107_s",
          "context": ", first appeared in 1671 , prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger , as well as German and Dutch translations . , regarded as the first novel in English . Philosophus Autodidactus , The Aspiring Naturalist .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ff1df947a6a140053ce49_s",
              "question": "Who first translated the philosopher Otto didAs into Latin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward Pococke the Younger",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12115_s",
          "context": "In January 1871 , George Jackson Mivart 's On the Genesis of Species listed detailed arguments against natural selection , and claimed it included false metaphysics . , though all editions concluded with the word `` evolved '' -RRB- , and added a new chapter VII , Miscellaneous objections , to address Mivart 's arguments .",
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              "question": "Who wrote about the origin of species?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Jackson Mivart",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote On the Genesis of Species?"
            }
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7556_s",
          "context": "Jonathan Israel called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture. They shifted the attention of the \"cultivated public\" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation, and promoted the \"enlightened\" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity. Being a source of knowledge derived from science and reason, they were an implicit critique of existing notions of universal truth monopolized by monarchies, parliaments, and religious authorities. They also advanced Christian enlightenment that upheld \"the legitimacy of God-ordained authority\"—the Bible—in which there had to be agreement between the biblical and natural theories.",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5710fe32a58dae1900cd6b8c_s",
              "question": "Who says these magazines are the most influential cultural innovation in European knowledge culture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Israel",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7289_s",
          "context": ". -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Led by Sanford Alexander Moss , and continued to develop them during the Interwar period . Superchargers became indispensable in the years immediately prior to World War II . This experience , in turn . , second only to the British company .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "rolls-royce plc.",
            "allison engine company",
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              "id": "570d30b8b3d812140066d527_s",
              "question": "Who led GE's efforts to make the first turbochargers during the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sanford Alexander Moss",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led GE's effort to build the first turbosupercharges during World War I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14098_s",
          "context": "The 1775 treatise \"The Natural Varieties of Mankind\", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that \"one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them\".",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728daea3acd2414000e0053_s",
              "question": "When was brumenbach's paper published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1775",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Blumenbach's treatise published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11261_s",
          "context": "George Sarton , the author of The History of Science , places , and times . '' He was one of the Islamic world 's leading writers in the field of medicine . He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance . , princeps medicorum -LRB- `` prince of physicians '' -RRB- .",
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            "ibn al-nafis",
            "galen",
            "hippocrates"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f74fdd62a815002e9668_s",
              "question": "Who says Ibn Sinar is one of the greatest thinkers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Sarton",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that Ibn Sina was one of the greatest thinkers?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9925_s",
          "context": "Physician Valerius Cordus -LRB- 1515 -- 1544 -RRB- authored a botanically and pharmacologically important herbal Historia Plantarum in 1544 and a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance , the Dispensatorium in 1546 . -- c. 1611 -RRB- published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants . -- 1605 -RRB- was considered the father of natural history , which included the study of plants . In 1665 , using an early microscope , a term he coined , in cork , and a short time later in living plant tissue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "conrad von gesner",
            "ulisse aldrovandi",
            "john gerard",
            "valerius cordus",
            "robert hooke"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267c29708984140094c7a5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the history of plants in 1544?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Physician Valerius Cordus",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Historia Plantarum in 1544?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": "Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election ; he was 82 years old . , so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him . In 1894 , Gladstone retired and , without consulting the outgoing prime minister , Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister . His government was weak .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Rosebery",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
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              "original_question": "Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?"
            }
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          "context": "The funeral , held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris , was delayed almost two weeks , until 30 October . Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend . Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations , and were excluded .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is Chopin's funeral?",
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                  "text": "the Church of the Madeleine in Paris",
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              "original_question": "Where was Chopin's funeral held?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12583_s",
          "context": "Construction of the chapel , originally intended to be slightly over twice as long , with eighteen - or possibly seventeen . Only the Quire of the intended building was completed . Eton 's first Headmaster , William Waynflete , built the ante-chapel that finishes the Chapel today . The important wall paintings in the Chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s ; the lower storeys of the cloister , including College Hall , had been built between 1441 and 1460 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first director of Eton?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "William Waynflete",
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              "original_question": "Who was Eton's first Headmaster?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14374_s",
          "context": "Socially , while liberty and freedom of enterprise form the basis of its beliefs , elements of the party have wavered between what is termed `` small-l liberalism '' and social conservatism . Historically , Liberal Governments have been responsible for the carriage of a number of notable `` socially liberal '' reforms ; selection of the first Aboriginal Senator , in 1971 . A West Australian Liberal , Ken Wyatt .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who was the first Aboriginal Australian to be elected to the house of representatives?",
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                  "text": "Ken Wyatt",
                  "answer_start": 404
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              "original_question": "Who was the first indigenous Australian elected to the House?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2536_s",
          "context": "American Virgil `` Gus '' Grissom repeated Shepard 's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21 , 1961 . , on February 20 , 1962 . His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft , and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean , after a tense reentry , due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield . As the first American in orbit , Glenn became a national hero , reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh . On February 23 , 1962 , where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where did John Glenn land on earth when he came back from orbit?",
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                  "text": "Atlantic Ocean",
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              "original_question": "Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3718_s",
          "context": "On Saturday September 6 , 1997 the formal , though not `` state '' Funeral of Diana , Princess of Wales , was held . It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy . A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people . The burial occurred privately later the same day . Diana 's former husband , sons , mother , siblings , a close friend , and a clergyman were present . , which she had chosen some weeks before . A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands , a gift she had received from Mother Teresa . Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate , Althorp , on a private island . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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            {
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              "question": "Who gave Diana the rosary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mother Teresa",
                  "answer_start": 553
                }
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              "original_question": "Who gave Diana the rosary beads?"
            }
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        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4064_s",
          "context": "A number of parties have collected survey data , from the public and from experts , to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery , as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes . , the International Budget Partnership , and many lesser known local groups . These metrics include the Global Integrity Index , first published in 2004 . These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform . Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate `` the opposite of corruption '' -- which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent , discourage , or expose corruption . These approaches compliment the first wave , awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance .",
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            {
              "id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f7_s",
              "question": "When was the global integrity index first released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 346
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Global Integrity Index first published?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7906_s",
          "context": "Seattle -LRB- i/siˈætəl / -RRB- is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County . , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States . The Seattle metropolitan area of around 3.6 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound -LRB- an inlet of the Pacific Ocean -RRB- and Lake Washington , about 100 miles -LRB- 160 km -RRB- south of the Canada -- United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia .",
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              "question": "When was Seattle the fastest growing city in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 2013",
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              "original_question": "By what time was Seattle the most rapidly growing city in the US?"
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          "context": ", Castel Gandolfo , on 14 July 1978 , who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier . Although he was sick , he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours . In the evening he watched a Western on TV , happy only when he saw `` horses , the most beautiful animals that God had created . '' He had breathing problems and needed oxygen . On Sunday , at the Feast of the Transfiguration , he was tired , but wanted to say the Angelus . He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed , his temperature rising .",
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              "question": "Who was the Prime Minister of Italy in July 1978?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sandro Pertini",
                  "answer_start": 167
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              "original_question": "Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?"
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          "context": "The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004 , shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single . `` Slow Jamz '' , his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx , became an even bigger success : it became the three musicians ' first number one hit . The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics , and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists . `` Jesus Walks '' , the album 's fourth single , perhaps exposed West to a wider audience ; the song 's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity . The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts , despite industry executives ' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio . The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US , and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations , and Best Rap Album -LRB- which it received -RRB- . During this period , West also founded GOOD Music , a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers , such as No I.D. and John Legend . , the focal point of West 's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records . However , partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout , such sampling had been much copied by others ; with that overuse , and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique , he decided to find a new sound .",
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              "question": "When were the college dropouts finally released?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "February 2004",
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              "original_question": "When was The College Dropout finally released?"
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          "context": "Some of the later writers about the show were more positive , again of Entertainment Weekly , thought that `` for all its bloated , synthetic , product-shilling , money-making trappings , Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today 's music business . '' , who was later to act as a mentor on the show , however took the view that the show `` undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism '' . , `` led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture '' , and connects `` the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future . '' Others focused on the personalities in the show , that `` Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him . '' , suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect .",
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              "question": "Who is accused of helping the people?",
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                  "text": "Simon Cowell",
                  "answer_start": 707
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was accused of helping meanness thrive?"
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          "context": "The CBC 's flagship newscast , The National . Until October 2006 , and excluded the analysis and documentary segment . , and as of the 2012-13 television season , was replaced on CBC 's major market stations by a half-hour late newscast . There is also a short news update , at most . During hockey season .",
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              "question": "When did CBC end its tour across the country?",
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              "original_question": "When did CBC discontinue its late-night broadcast of The National?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7712_s",
          "context": ", Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker , as president and chief operating officer , to serve as Michael 's mentor and implement Michael 's ideas for growing the company . Walker retired in 1990 due to health , and Michael Dell hired Morton Meyerson , former CEO and president of Electronic Data Systems to transform the company from a fast-growing medium-sized firm into a billion-dollar enterprise .",
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              "id": "570fde875ab6b81900391089_s",
              "question": "When did Walker retire?",
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                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
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              "original_question": "What year did Walker retire?"
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          "context": ". The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854 . The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars , about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration . Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars , 90 % of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire , resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey . -LSB- page needed -RSB- Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers , totaling 1 -- 1.5 million deported or killed .",
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              "question": "When did the Ottoman Empire issue foreign loans to pay for the war?",
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                  "text": "4 August 1854",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did the Ottoman empire issue foreign loans to deal with the cost of the war?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6338_s",
          "context": "In June 1982 , Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £ 5 million from Boca Juniors . In the following season , under coach Luis , Barcelona won the Copa del Rey , beating Real Madrid . However , Maradona 's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli . -- 85 season , Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster . The next season , he took the team to their second European Cup final .",
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            {
              "id": "570c3ff26b8089140040fc65_s",
              "question": "When was Diego Maradona signed by Barcelona?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1982",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Diego Maradona signed by Barcelona?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9465_s",
          "context": ". , among others . Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays , an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 . The Walhalla temple for `` laudable and distinguished Germans '' , features a number of scientists , and is located east of Regensburg , in Bavaria .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "wilhelm conrad röntgen",
            "joseph von fraunhofer"
          ],
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            {
              "id": "572954806aef051400154cfc_s",
              "question": "Who found the X-ray?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered X-Rays?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7484_s",
          "context": ", one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers , based his governance philosophy in social contract theory , a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought . The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651 . Hobbes also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought : the right of the individual ; the natural equality of all men ; the artificial character of the political order -LRB- which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state -RRB- ; the view that all legitimate political power must be `` representative '' and based on the consent of the people ; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid .",
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            {
              "id": "571043a1a58dae1900cd6990_s",
              "question": "Who formed the view that all legitimate political forces must be \"representative\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Hobbes",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
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              "original_question": "Who developed the view that all legitimate political power must be \"representative?\""
            }
          ]
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      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11127_s",
          "context": "In the US , dietitians are registered -LRB- RD -RRB- or licensed -LRB- LD -RRB- with the Commission for Dietetic Registration and the American Dietetic Association , and are only able to use the title `` dietitian , '' as described by the business and professions codes of each respective state , when they have met specific educational and experiential prerequisites and passed a national registration or licensure examination , respectively . In California , registered dietitians must abide by the `` Business and Professions Code of Section 2585-2586.8 '' . Anyone may call themselves a nutritionist , including unqualified dietitians , as this term is unregulated . Some states , such as the State of Florida , have begun to include the title `` nutritionist '' in state licensure requirements . Most governments provide guidance on nutrition , and some also impose mandatory disclosure/labeling requirements for processed food manufacturers and restaurants to assist consumers in complying with such guidance .",
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              "id": "572706815951b619008f84d4_s",
              "question": "Who needs to register with an organization other than the American Dietetic Association to be recognized in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Commission for Dietetic Registration",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who do dietitians have to register with other than the American Dietetic Association in order to be recognized as such in the US?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13320_s",
          "context": "In Lebanon , clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent , then-President Camille Chamoun , culminated in civil strife by May . , while the latter sought Lebanon 's continued independence . , who provided limited aid to Nasser 's Lebanese supporters through money , light arms , and officer training -- short of the large-scale support that Chamoun alleged . Nasser did not covet Lebanon , seeing it as a `` special case '' , but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281fd84b864d19001644e2_s",
              "question": "Who is Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Camille Chamoun",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8559_s",
          "context": "The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper . Established in 1881 , and published on weekdays during the academic year , it is directed entirely by undergraduates . Although it serves the Northwestern community , the Daily has no business ties to the university , being supported wholly by advertisers . It is owned by the Students Publishing Company . North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine . Published on weekdays , it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends . North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine . Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook . First published in 1885 , the yearbook is an epitome of that year 's events at Northwestern . Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students , it is distributed in late May . Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine . Founded in 2009 , The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online . Started in 1979 , it is published twice a year , a web issue in the Winter , and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring . The Protest is Northwestern 's quarterly social justice magazine . , a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans , Ahora , a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life .",
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                  "text": "the Students Publishing Company",
                  "answer_start": 328
                }
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              "original_question": "Who owns The Daily Northwestern?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18575_s",
          "context": "The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenhower felt he had been making progress towards better relations with the Soviet Union. Nuclear arms reduction and Berlin were to have been discussed at the summit. Eisenhower stated it had all been ruined because of that \"stupid U-2 business\".",
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              "question": "When should the Paris summit of the four powers be held?",
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                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
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              "original_question": "In what year was the Four Power Paris Summit intended to take place?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4622_s",
          "context": ". , and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand -LRB- north face of the Eiger -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e1775b_s",
              "question": "When did you climb the last of the six great walls in the Alps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6570_s",
          "context": ". However , it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack , even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain . In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks , knowing that it would lead to American entry . When the U.S declared war . Meanwhile , the U.S. continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France , and initiated the first peacetime draft . Industrial mobilization took longer than expected , so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment , relying instead on the British and French to supply them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1917",
            "a year",
            "august 1914"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3b4dec8fbc190045b8ff_s",
              "question": "When did the United States enter the first World War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the US enter World War I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4959_s",
          "context": "Resorting to this verbal device , however , did not protect the `` Ancient Near East '' from the inroads of `` the Middle East . '' For example , a textbook of first edition dated 1950 . The last great book written by Leonard Woolley , British archaeologist , was The Art of the Middle East , Including Persia , Mesopotamia and Palestine , published in 1961 . Woolley had completed it in 1960 two weeks before his death . The geographical ranges in each case are identical .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lawrence",
            "leonard woolley",
            "james bennett pritchard",
            "arthur evans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07e0_s",
              "question": "Who dug you?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leonard Woolley",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who excavated ancient Ur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13289_s",
          "context": "On 25 January 1952 , a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen , provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead . Afterwards , Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egypt . In May ; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zakaria mohieddin",
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            "farouk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f8314b864d19001640d9_s",
              "question": "Who hired Nasser to plan the coup against the free officer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zakaria Mohieddin",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14749_s",
          "context": "However, the collapsing Ottoman economy could not sustain the fleet's strength for too long. Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha, and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War. He locked most of the fleet inside the Golden Horn, where the ships decayed for the next 30 years. Following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, the Committee of Union and Progress sought to develop a strong Ottoman naval force. The Ottoman Navy Foundation was established in 1910 to buy new ships through public donations.",
          "c_entity": [
            "golden horn"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a496c7a1753140016ae7a_s",
              "question": "Where did the Ottoman fleet disintegrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Golden Horn",
                  "answer_start": 328
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Ottoman fleet left to decay?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3273_s",
          "context": "One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon American independence from Great Britain , the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub , as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0d1f5231d4119001ac3e6_s",
              "question": "When was Boston founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1630",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Boston founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9126_s",
          "context": "Following the catastrophic events in Asia Minor , the monarchy was abolished via a referendum in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was declared . Premier Georgios Kondylis took power in 1935 and effectively abolished the republic by bringing back the monarchy via a referendum in 1935 . Although a dictatorship , Greece remained on good terms with Britain and was not allied with the Axis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "georgios kondylis",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264784708984140094c144_s",
              "question": "Who restored the Greek monarchy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Premier Georgios Kondylis",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Greek monarchy was reestablished by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18599_s",
          "context": "The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various European countries (particularly Ireland, Germany and Italy) and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic), as well as African American migrants from the American South. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop.",
          "c_entity": [
            "jonas bronck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324f89e99e3014001e66a0_s",
              "question": "Who is the name of the Bronx?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonas Bronck",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Bronx named for?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16155_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3 , sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s . For example , between 2000 , major-label CD sales declined overall by 20 % , and CDs still continue to sell greatly . , CDs and DVDs made up only 34 percent of music sales in the United States . In Japan , however .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eda3ec246551400ce4726_s",
              "question": "When did CD sales go through the initial decline?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 2000s",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did CD sales experience their original decline?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7117_s",
          "context": "In early 2001 , Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac 's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard . Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been `` late to the party '' on writable CD technology , but felt that Macs could become a `` digital hub '' that linked and enabled an `` emerging digital lifestyle '' . Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs , along with a controversial `` Rip , Mix , Burn '' advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy . This accompanied the release of the iPod , Apple 's first successful handheld device . Apple continued to launch products , the education-oriented eMac , and the titanium -LRB- and later aluminium -RRB- PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "power mac g4 cube",
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            "steve jobs"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d1ef7fed7b91900d45c2b_s",
              "question": "Who admitted that Apple was late for the party using descriptive CD technology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Steve Jobs",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who admitted that Apple was late to the party with writable CD technology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8186_s",
          "context": "In the 1874 general election , Disraeli was returned to power . He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 , which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported . She preferred short , simple services , and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England . The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572563c469ff041400e58c5a_s",
              "question": "Who published the royal title act of 1876?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Disraeli",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17345_s",
          "context": ". This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council -LRB- liqoqo -RRB- . Despite such opposition . Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up . Elections under this constitution were held in 1967 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "9 september 1964",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573024eda23a5019007fce56_s",
              "question": "When was the election to organize a meeting for Swaziland held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 336
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8186_s",
          "context": "In the 1874 general election , Disraeli was returned to power . He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 , which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported . She preferred short , simple services , and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267a58f1498d1400e8e118_s",
              "question": "When did Disraeli return to work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1874",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Disraeli returned to office?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8152_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 1882 , shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station . Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas , until he was hustled away by a policeman . , but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was `` worth being shot at -- to see how much one is loved '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723d1300dadf01500fa1f3d_s",
              "question": "Who stopped McLean after he shot the queen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Two schoolboys from Eton College",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1497_s",
          "context": "South Korea : The event was held in Seoul , which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics , on April 27 . Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government 's crackdown in Tibet . More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route , which was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games . On the day of the torch relay in Seoul , Chinese students clashed with protesters , throwing rocks , bottles , and punches . He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away . Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed . Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read . '' The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated . Police said they arrested five people , including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks . Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey , some chanting , go Olympics ! '' By the end of the relay , Chinese students became violent , and it was reported in Korean media that they were `` lynching '' everyone who was disagreeing with them . One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students . On Apr 29 , the Secretary of Justice , Kim Kyung Han , told the prime minister that he will find `` every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice . '' Later in the day , South Korea 's Prosecutor 's Office , National Police Agency , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident .",
          "c_entity": [
            "south korea",
            "seoul",
            "china",
            "olympic park"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb476_s",
              "question": "Where is the torch relay in South Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seoul",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the torch relay event held in South Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14210_s",
          "context": "The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825 , and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre . Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity , in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard . Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris , including Eugène Atget , noted for his depictions of street scenes , Robert Doisneau , noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes -LRB- among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has became iconic of the romantic vision of Paris -RRB- , Marcel Bovis , and others such as Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Cartier-Bresson . , through the work of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Jules Chéret , Eugène Grasset , Adolphe Willette , Pierre Bonnard , Georges de Feure , Henri-Gabriel Ibels , Gavarni , and Alphonse Mucha .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1825",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f2e5af94a219006a9e39_s",
              "question": "When was the first permanent photo taken?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the first permanent photograph produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7178_s",
          "context": "Britain had successful tested a new HAA gun , 3.6-inch . In 1928 3.7-inch became the preferred solution . ; this gun was used both on mobile carriages with the field army and transportable guns on fixed mountings for static positions . At the same time the Royal Navy adopted a new 4.5-inch -LRB- 114 mm -RRB- gun in a twin turret , which the army adopted in simplified single-gun mountings for static positions , mostly around ports where naval ammunition was available . However , the performance of both 3.7 and 4.5-in guns was limited by their standard fuse No 199 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "43 seconds",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d95f0b3d812140066da84_s",
              "question": "When is the 3.7-inch HAA weapon of choice?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1928",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the 3.7-inch HAA gun become preferred?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11173_s",
          "context": "In June 1854 , the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna , a city on the Black Sea 's western coast -LRB- now in Bulgaria -RRB- . They made little advance from their base there. : 175 -- 176 In July 1854 , the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854 , engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and conquered it . The capture of Giurgiu by the Turks immediately threatened Bucharest in Wallachia with capture by the same Turk army . On 26 July 1854 . Also , in late July 1854 , following up on the Russian retreat , the French staged an expedition against the Russian forces still in Dobruja , but this was a failure. : 188 -- 190",
          "c_entity": [
            "tsar nicholas",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726eef8f1498d1400e8f055_s",
              "question": "Who will lead the Turks when they cross the Danube to davalasia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Omar Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lead the Turks when crossing the Danube into Wallachia ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3337_s",
          "context": "Federally , Boston is split between two congressional districts . The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district , represented by Mike Capuano since 1998 . The southern fourth is in the 8th district . Both are Democrats ; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of Boston in over a century . , first elected in 2012 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
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            "stephen lynch",
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            "mike capuano"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16adecd28a01900c678cb_s",
              "question": "Who represents zone 7?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mike Capuano",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who represents the 7th district?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17147_s",
          "context": "In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300a34b2c2fd1400568794_s",
              "question": "Who drove the Pashtuns out of Iran in 1729?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nader Shah",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1513_s",
          "context": "On April 17 . The same day , the Chinese government called on CNN to `` apologise '' for having allegedly insulted the Chinese people , and for `` attempting to incite the Chinese people against the government '' . CNN issued a statement on April 14 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jack cafferty",
            "u.s.-based cable news network",
            "xinhua",
            "cnn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db785ee7c41114004b516d_s",
              "question": "Who was accused of bias by Xinhua on April 17?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "CNN",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of bias on April 17 by Xinhua?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16920_s",
          "context": "It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941 , on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii , Wake Island , Guam and the Philippines . , beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria . However , it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941 , with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II . -LSB- nb 9 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "19 september 1931",
            "the beginning of the second",
            "7 july 1937",
            "early december 1941",
            "republic of china"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbb69a23a5019007fc8ff_s",
              "question": "When do most people think the Pacific War began?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early December 1941",
                  "answer_start": 416
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do most people believe the Pacific War began?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4632_s",
          "context": "Major European rivers flow from Switzerland , the Inn , all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries . ; the river begins as glacial meltwater . The Rhine originates in a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland and represents almost 60 percent of water exported from the country . Tributary valleys , some of which are complicated , channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snow melt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rhone",
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            "rhine",
            "geneva",
            "france",
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            "alps",
            "lake",
            "north sea",
            "ticino",
            "po",
            "danube"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce3_s",
              "question": "Where does the Rhine come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the Rhine originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15367_s",
          "context": "? , straying from his usual convention of brief , light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober narrative . His interviews of NASA 's high-ranking managers revealed startling misunderstandings of elementary concepts . For instance , NASA managers claimed that there was a 1 in 100,000 chance of a catastrophic failure aboard the shuttle . He concluded that the space shuttle reliability estimate by NASA management was fantastically unrealistic , and he was particularly angered that NASA used these figures to recruit Christa McAuliffe into the Teacher-in-Space program . He warned in his appendix to the commission 's report -LRB- which was included only after he threatened not to sign the report -RRB- , `` For a successful technology , reality must take precedence over public relations , for nature can not be fooled . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "feynman",
            "rogers commission",
            "christa mcauliffe",
            "nasa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who did NASA recruit with the wrong security number?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christa McAuliffe",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did NASA recruit by using flawed safety numbers?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13386_s",
          "context": ", ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months . He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter 's Square below , celebrated by Luigi Traglia . After he died , his brow was ritually tapped to see if he was dead , and those with him in the room said prayers . Then the room was illuminated , thus informing the people of what had happened . He was buried on 6 June in the Vatican grottos . Two wreaths , placed on the two sides of his tomb . On 22 June 1963 , the latter prayed at his tomb .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who mass for him at the bottom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Luigi Traglia",
                  "answer_start": 152
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who celebrated his Mass for him in the square below?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5873_s",
          "context": "The end of the Porfiriato came in 1910 with the beginning of the Mexican Revolution . Díaz had stated that Mexico was ready for democracy and he would step down to allow other candidates to compete for the presidency . Díaz was announced the winner of the election by a landslide , triggering the revolution . , Chihuahua on November 10 , 1910 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who says Mexico is ready for democracy and will step down?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Díaz",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that Mexico was ready for a Democracy and that he would step down?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7448_s",
          "context": "The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth . While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789 , Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound -LRB- likely sodium diuranate -RRB- by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide . Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder , which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself -LRB- in fact , that powder was an oxide of uranium -RRB- . He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus , -LRB- named after the primordial Greek god of the sky -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who found uranium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
                  "answer_start": 63
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered uranium?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17230_s",
          "context": "The growth in women 's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions . Women 's football has faced many struggles . , while women 's football has been an Olympic event since 1996 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
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            {
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              "question": "When did women's football become an Olympic sport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11736_s",
          "context": "First recognized in 1900 by Max Planck , it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy , E , of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation , and the frequency , f , of its associated electromagnetic wave . , the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator , was theoretically associated by Einstein with a `` quantum '' or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself . The light quantum behaved in some respects as an electrically neutral particle , as opposed to an electromagnetic wave . It was eventually called the photon .",
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            {
              "id": "57295e056aef051400154d84_s",
              "question": "When did Max Planck first realize the value of Planck constant?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 20
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Max Planck first recognize the value of the Planck constant?"
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          "context": "`` Hellenistic '' is a modern word and a 19th-century concept ; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece . Although words related in form or meaning , e.g. Hellenist -LRB- Ancient Greek : Ἑλληνιστής , Hellēnistēs -RRB- , have been attested since ancient times , it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century , who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus , i.e. History of Hellenism . Following Droysen , Hellenistic and related terms , e.g. Hellenism , have been widely used in various contexts , where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who wrote the history of Hellenism?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "J. G. Droysen",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17612_s",
          "context": "Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy . Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained , with local , regional and national elections held regularly . The transition from the 15-year rule of President Sam Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly .",
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              "question": "Who is following Sam Nujoma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hifikepunye Pohamba",
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              "original_question": "Who succeeded Sam Nujoma?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11697_s",
          "context": "Digimon started out as digital pets called `` Digital Monsters '' , similar in style and concept to the Tamagotchi . The toy began as the simple concept of a Tamagotchi mainly for boys . The V-Pet is similar to its predecessors , with the exceptions of being more difficult and being able to fight other Digimon v-pets . Every owner would start with a Baby Digimon , train it , evolve it , take care of it , and then have battles with other Digimon owners to see who was stronger . The Digimon pet had several evolution capabilities and abilities too , so many owners had different Digimon . , followed by a third edition in 1998 .",
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            {
              "id": "572a26116aef05140015530d_s",
              "question": "When was the third edition published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 625
                }
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              "original_question": "What year was the third edition released?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-45_s",
          "context": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons , broke ground on June 3 , 2008 . The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers . The developer , Kite Realty out of Indianapolis , has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses , a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733c0e6d058e614000b61d9_s",
              "question": "Who is the developer of eddy street Commons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kite Realty",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15014_s",
          "context": ". However ; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry . Kerry thus decided to leave , departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm .",
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              "question": "Who and Kerry left the prosecutor's office?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Roanne Sragow",
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              "original_question": "Who left the DA's office with Kerry?"
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          "context": "Chopin 's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians . Elements of Chopin 's music can be traced in many of Liszt 's later works . A less fraught friendship was with Alkan , with whom he discussed elements of folk music , and who was deeply affected by Chopin 's death .",
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              "question": "Who does Chopin feel comfortable talking about folk music with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alkan",
                  "answer_start": 207
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              "original_question": "With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13718_s",
          "context": "Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups , the polychaetes and clitellates . In turn the clitellates were divided into oligochaetes , which include earthworms , and hirudinomorphs , whose best-known members are leeches . In 1997 Greg Rouse and Kristian Fauchald attempted a `` first heuristic step in terms of bringing polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour '' , based on anatomical structures , and divided polychaetes into :",
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              "question": "When did Greg Routh begin to classify polychaetes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
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              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?"
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          "context": ", disputes with Native Americans ensued , primarily over land ownership and control . , Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish , Pend d'Oreille , and the Kootenai people of western Montana , which established boundaries for the tribal nations . The treaty was ratified in 1859 . While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation , trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement , but the tribal nations disputed those provisions .",
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              "question": "When was the treaty ratified?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1859",
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              "original_question": "What year was the treaty ratified?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7785_s",
          "context": "In Europe and Australia , the system was released to two separate marketing regions . , and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies , with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases . Most of this region saw a 1986 release . Mattel handled distribution for the other region , starting the following year . Not until the 1990s did Nintendo 's newly created European branch direct distribution throughout Europe .",
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              "question": "Where is this system released in two different market areas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe and Australia",
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              "original_question": "Where was the system released to two separate marketing areas?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10335_s",
          "context": ", which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue . ; he stated that while he thought that gay people were more at risk of developing AIDS it was still wrong to imply that no one else could catch the disease . The Press Council condemned The Sun for committing what it called a `` gross distortion '' . The Sun later ran an apology , which they ran on Page 28 . , putting its own readers in harm 's way .",
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              "question": "Who criticized the sun for reporting AIDS and AIDS?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "The Press Council",
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              "original_question": "Who criticized The Sun for its reporting on AIDS and HIV?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14848_s",
          "context": ", revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits , Interest and Investment -LRB- 1939 -RRB- and The Pure Theory of Capital -LRB- 1941 -RRB- , but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were largely ignored . Lionel Robbins himself , who had embraced the Austrian theory of the business cycle in The Great Depression -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , later regretted having written the book and accepted many of the Keynesian counter-arguments .",
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              "question": "Who ultimately influenced Keynes's argument against Austrian economic cycle theory?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lionel Robbins",
                  "answer_start": 299
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              "original_question": "Who did Keynes' arguments against the Austrian theory of the business cycle eventually influence?"
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    {
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          "context": "The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris , a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France . It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments . It is also responsible for providing emergency services , including the Paris Fire Brigade . Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité . There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture , and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles , including police cars , motorcycles , fire trucks , boats and helicopters . In addition to traditional police duties , at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood . The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings , called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité -LRB- CRS -RRB- , a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France . Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events .",
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              "question": "When was the Republic securities company founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1944",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7261_s",
          "context": ". Valencia was also third in industrial and economic development , construction of the Central and Columbus markets , and the construction of the Gare du Nord railway station , completed in 1921 . , which emulated the national and universal expositions held in other cities . This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia -LRB- Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia -RRB- , especially by its chairman , Tomás Trénor y Palavicino , and had the support of the Government and the Crown ; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself .",
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            {
              "id": "570d5f41b3d812140066d780_s",
              "question": "When was the north railway station completed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1921",
                  "answer_start": 190
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the Gare du Nord station finished?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17930_s",
          "context": "The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture . Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru , from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex . , Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum , where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago . According to George Raudzens , `` It is clear that in pre-Columbian times some groups struggled to survive and often suffered food shortages and famines , while others enjoyed a varied and substantial diet . '' The persistent drought around 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "area of southern Peru",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where did the potato originate?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15499_s",
          "context": "In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides -LRB- 1883 -- 1958 -RRB- who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice . Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis -LRB- 1900 , at Saint Martin 's School of Art . In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day . , University of Nicosia and the Frederick Institute of Technology .",
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              "question": "Where did Vassilis villionides learn?",
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                  "text": "Academy of Fine Arts in Venice",
                  "answer_start": 123
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              "original_question": "Where did Vassilis Vryonides study?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18834_s",
          "context": "On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]",
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              "id": "573517e0879d6814001cab22_s",
              "question": "When did Roosevelt sign the bird hunt act?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "16 March 1934",
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              "original_question": "When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?"
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          "context": "A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.",
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              "question": "Who believes that behind the emergence of things is an eternal mathematical principle?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pythagoras",
                  "answer_start": 1157
                }
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              "original_question": "Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10756_s",
          "context": "At about this same time . , Burke accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary , a position he held for three years . In 1765 Burke became private secretary to the liberal Whig statesman , Marquess of Rockingham , then Prime Minister of Great Britain , who remained Burke 's close friend and associate until his untimely death in 1782 . Rockingham also introduced Burke as a Freemason .",
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              "question": "Who is William Gerrard's private secretary?",
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                  "text": "Burke",
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              "original_question": "Who was William Gerard Hamilton's private secretary?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18656_s",
          "context": "-- or kindness and benevolence toward one 's fellow human being . , and that model writers of Latin , such as Cicero and others , used the word only to mean what we might call `` humane '' or `` polite '' learning , or the Greek equivalent Paideia . , and , in fifteenth-century Italy , teachers and scholars of philosophy , poetry , and rhetoric were called and called themselves `` humanists '' . Modern scholars , however , point out that Cicero -LRB- 106 -- 43 BCE -RRB- , who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas , in fact frequently used the word in both senses , as did his near contemporaries . For Cicero , a lawyer , what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech , which , allied to reason , could -LRB- and should -RRB- enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law . Thus humanitas included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative , humanism , which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to scholarship .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cicero",
            "gellius"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327819e99e3014001e67cd_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for taking the concept of human nature for granted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cicero",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10468_s",
          "context": ", near Shepton Mallet , attracting over 170,000 music and culture lovers from around the world to see world-famous entertainers . The annual Bath Literature Festival is one of several local festivals in the county ; others include the Frome Festival and the Trowbridge Village Pump Festival , which , despite its name , is held at Farleigh Hungerford in Somerset . The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn , forming a major regional festival , and the largest Festival of Lights in Europe .",
          "c_entity": [
            "years",
            "summer",
            "autumn"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726adcff1498d1400e8e6f8_s",
              "question": "When and where is the annual carnival held",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The annual circuit of West Country Carnivals is held in a variety of Somerset towns during the autumn",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The annual Carnival is held when and where "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-187_s",
          "context": "Slobodan Milošević , was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY . , so no verdict was returned . In 1995 , the ICTY issued a warrant for the arrest of Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on several charges including genocide . On 21 July 2008 , Karadžić was arrested in Belgrade . , Serbia . Karadzic was convicted of ten of the eleven charges laid against him and sentenced to 40 years in prison on March 24 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bosnia and herzegovina",
            "belgrade",
            "yugoslavia",
            "the hague",
            "lazarevo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57340aae4776f41900661793_s",
              "question": "Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Belgrade",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12219_s",
          "context": "On November 18 , 1990 . Also on November 18 , Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky . On November 19 . On November 19 , the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments , respectively , signed a 10-year bilateral pact . ; on December 15 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nestor gayowsky",
            "mstyslav",
            "john stepanchuk",
            "yeltsin",
            "autocephalous orthodox church",
            "democratic party",
            "kravchuk",
            "party of democratic rebirth"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572843344b864d1900164854_s",
              "question": "Who is the Consul General of Canada in Kiev?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nestor Gayowsky",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-310_s",
          "context": "In 1368 . Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty -- 1398 -RRB- . It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects , but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty . Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler , sending envoys out in the winter of 1372 -- 1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kham",
            "zhu yuanzhang",
            "hongwu emperor",
            "mongol yuan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3c_s",
              "question": "Who created the Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhu Yuanzhang",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the Ming Dynasty? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1471_s",
          "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags , and remained there for a peaceful protest , never approaching the torch relay itself . Among them was Jane Birkin , who spoke to the media about the `` lack of freedom of speech '' in China . , President of the French Tibetan community , who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to `` remain calm , non-violent , peaceful '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jane birkin",
            "thupten gyatso"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1cbee7c41114004b4d5f_s",
              "question": "Who in trocado bockol 233 was interviewed by the media?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Birkin",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who, of the Trocadéro protest, spoke to the media?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18041_s",
          "context": ", the capital of the Western Roman Empire , became the center of late Roman mosaic art . The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425 -- 430 . The vaults of the small , cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background . The central motif above the crossing is a golden cross in the middle of the starry sky . Another great building established by Galla Placidia was the church of San Giovanni Evangelista . She erected it in fulfillment of a vow that she made having escaped from a deadly storm in 425 on the sea voyage from Constantinople to Ravenna . The mosaics depicted the storm , portraits of members of the western and eastern imperial family and the bishop of Ravenna , Peter Chrysologus . They are known only from Renaissance sources because almost all were destroyed in 1747 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 5th-century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314fb3e6313a140071ce0e_s",
              "question": "When were most of the mosaics in St. Giovanni's Evangelical Church destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1747",
                  "answer_start": 841
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were most of the mosaics at the church of San Giovanni Evangelista destroyed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17933_s",
          "context": ". An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica , where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a fairly homogeneous culture with complex agricultural and social patterns . Another well-known example is the North American plains where until the 19th century several peoples shared the traits of nomadic hunter-gatherers based primarily on buffalo hunting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "americas",
            "mesoamerica"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317254497a881900248eef_s",
              "question": "Where did the coexistence of thousands of years produce the culture with advanced agriculture and social model?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mesoamerica",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did millennia of coexistence produce a culture with advanced agricultural and social patterns?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14290_s",
          "context": "In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.",
          "c_entity": [
            "hyperborea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728e29f3acd2414000e0119_s",
              "question": "Where did Apollo go in winter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hyperborea",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Apollo go in winter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-291_s",
          "context": "-- set in the `` conservatory '' tradition of late 19th - and 20th-century music schools , and suitable for large auditoria or recordings -- militates against what is known of Chopin 's more intimate performance technique . The composer himself said to a pupil that `` concerts are never real music , you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art . '' Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance , Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him , such as `` always crescendo to a high note '' , but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing , rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring . ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ... virtually nobody but Chopin himself can play this music and give it this unusual turn '' . Hiller wrote that `` What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment , in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "hiller",
            "chopin",
            "berlioz",
            "jonathan bellman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3a1e959d6e41400146843_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Chopin's music when he played it and became a \"colorful garland\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hiller",
                  "answer_start": 836
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a \"colorful wreath of flowers\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18141_s",
          "context": "Sacrifice to deities of the heavens (di superi, \"gods above\") was performed in daylight, and under the public gaze. Deities of the upper heavens required white, infertile victims of their own sex: Juno a white heifer (possibly a white cow); Jupiter a white, castrated ox (bos mas) for the annual oath-taking by the consuls. Di superi with strong connections to the earth, such as Mars, Janus, Neptune and various genii – including the Emperor's – were offered fertile victims. After the sacrifice, a banquet was held; in state cults, the images of honoured deities took pride of place on banqueting couches and by means of the sacrificial fire consumed their proper portion (exta, the innards). Rome's officials and priests reclined in order of precedence alongside and ate the meat; lesser citizens may have had to provide their own.",
          "c_entity": [
            "daylight"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731af92e99e3014001e61c8_s",
              "question": "When did they sacrifice for the gods?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "daylight",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3587_s",
          "context": "On Saturday , July 23 , 1989 , Joe Haering . The national media ran with the story . , punched him in the jaw . Haering was suspended without pay .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afl",
            "nfl",
            "joe haering",
            "pittsburgh gladiators",
            "jim foster",
            "usa today",
            "barnstorming america",
            "arco arena",
            "chicago bruisers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79aa800c9c71400d7736f_s",
              "question": "Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh gladiators in the 1890s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Haering",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5032_s",
          "context": ", France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system -LRB- with 737 active lines -RRB- . The system was monochrome only , and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel . It was discontinued in 1983 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949",
            "1983"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9df829b226e1400dd15d8_s",
              "question": "When was the French 819 line system interrupted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was France's 819 line system discontinued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9377_s",
          "context": "Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.",
          "c_entity": [
            "aztecs"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267657708984140094c6f9_s",
              "question": "Who built the dyke on Lake turko?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Aztecs",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6235_s",
          "context": "The Federation of International Gymnastics -LRB- FIG -RRB- was founded in Liege in 1881 . , both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric , gymnastics , synchronized team floor calisthenics , rope climbing , high jumping , running , and horizontal ladder . , women organized and participated in gymnastics events . The first women 's Olympic competition was primitive , only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field . , in Amsterdam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1920s",
            "1928",
            "1881",
            "the end of the nineteenth century",
            "the early 1950s",
            "today",
            "federation of international gymnastics",
            "1896"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e_s",
              "question": "When was fig founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1881",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was FIG founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-808_s",
          "context": "Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun.",
          "c_entity": [
            "horace de saussure"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cff5ff234ae51400d9c177_s",
              "question": "Who made the stove?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Horace de Saussure",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the box cooker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10775_s",
          "context": "At this point , Fox whispered that there was `` no loss of friendship '' . `` I regret to say there is '' , Burke replied , `` I have indeed made a great sacrifice ; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend . There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches '' . This provoked a reply from Fox , yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion , he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship , but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered `` unusually bitter sarcasms '' . This only aggravated the rupture between the two men . Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam , declining money from him .",
          "c_entity": [
            "burke",
            "fox"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726af88f1498d1400e8e740_s",
              "question": "Who would have thought Fox and Burke had lost their friendship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Burke",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought that Fox and Burke's friendship was lost?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17883_s",
          "context": ", Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics . He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly , especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy . Similarly , both aiming for the benefit of China 's economy and populace . With permission from Empress Dowager Longyu , who decided that his goal had been achieved in forming a republic , and that therefore he could allow Yuan to step into the position of President of the Republic of China .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sun yat-sen",
            "yuan shikai",
            "zaifeng"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314fae05b4da19006bd030_s",
              "question": "Who led the Qing Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yuan Shikai",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Qing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1736_s",
          "context": ", who became Congo 's first elected president -LRB- 1992 -- 1997 -RRB- during the period of multi-party democracy , attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "imf",
            "pascal lissouba",
            "esaf"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dcedee9a695914005b9499_s",
              "question": "Who supports the liberalization measures lisuba wants to implement in economic reform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "IMF",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18574_s",
          "context": "Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a \"spy-plane\" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a \"weather research aircraft\" which had unintentionally strayed into Soviet airspace after the pilot had radioed \"difficulties with his oxygen equipment\" while flying over Turkey. The Soviets put Captain Powers on trial and displayed parts of the U-2, which had been recovered almost fully intact.",
          "c_entity": [
            "turkey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327cb4e99e3014001e67e5_s",
              "question": "Where does the Eisenhower administration say the downed U-2 will fly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Turkey",
                  "answer_start": 457
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16761_s",
          "context": "Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 , using a single-lens microscope of his own design . Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek 's most remarkable microscopic discovery . They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and , in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science , no one else would see them again for over a century . Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria -- as opposed to his famous `` animalcules '' -LRB- spermatozoa -RRB- -- taken seriously .",
          "c_entity": [
            "royal society of london",
            "antonie van leeuwenhoek"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572febaaa23a5019007fcb40_s",
              "question": "Who found the bacteria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered bacteria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1046_s",
          "context": ", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z . , Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak . `` Niggas in Paris '' became the record 's highest charting single , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 . In 2012 , West released the compilation album Cruel Summer , a collection of tracks by artists from West 's record label GOOD Music . Cruel Summer produced four singles , two of which charted within the top twenty of the Hot 100 : `` Mercy '' and `` Clique '' . West also directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion featuring seven screens .",
          "c_entity": [
            "weeks",
            "2012",
            "summer",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d10dc217492d1400aab831_s",
              "question": "When was grey summer published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 290
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was \"Cruel Summer\" released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-225_s",
          "context": "Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother , but his first professional music tutor , from 1816 to 1821 , was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny . , and occasionally played duets with her brother . It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy . By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts , and in 1817 he composed two polonaises , in G minor and B-flat major . His next work , a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 , dedicated to Żywny , is his earliest surviving musical manuscript .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ludwika",
            "wojciech żywny"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d20a6ae7d4791d0090261b_s",
              "question": "Who was Chopin's first music with a special record?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wojciech Żywny",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Chopin's earliest piece of music, that there is a record of, dedicated to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17898_s",
          "context": ", Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853 . Shortly thereafter , a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin , the imperial heartlands . In desperation the Qing court ordered a Chinese official , Zeng Guofan , to organize regional and village militias into an emergency army called tuanlian . Zeng Guofan 's strategy was to rely on local gentry to raise a new type of military organization from those provinces that the Taiping rebels directly threatened . , named after the Hunan region where it was raised . It was given professional training , but was paid for out of regional coffers and funds its commanders -- mostly members of the Chinese gentry -- could muster . , were collectively called the `` Yong Ying '' -LRB- Brave Camp -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "li hongzhang",
            "taiping rebellion",
            "xiang army",
            "huai army",
            "zeng guofan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e2_s",
              "question": "Who set up a new army to defeat the rebels of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zeng Guofan",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created a new type of army to thwart the Taiping rebels?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12374_s",
          "context": "In 1931 , RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record , marketed as program-transcription discs . These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc . RCA Victor 's early introduction of a long-play disc was a commercial failure for several reasons including the lack of affordable , reliable consumer playback equipment and consumer wariness during the Great Depression . Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period -LRB- and RCA 's own parched revenues -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931",
            "early 1933",
            "about ten minutes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a6242ca10214002d92dc_s",
              "question": "When did RCA Victor release the long play CD?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did RCA Victor release long play discs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3112_s",
          "context": "Other Christian denominations on the island include , in more recent times , Seventh-day Adventist -LRB- since 1949 -RRB- , New Apostolic and Jehovah 's Witnesses -LRB- of which one in 35 residents is a member , the highest ratio of any country -RRB- . The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1884",
            "1949",
            "1852",
            "1845"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e06c87231d4119001ac0f7_s",
              "question": "When did the Seventh Day Adventists arrive on the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7603_s",
          "context": ", at the age of 16 , Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards . , parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father 's incapacity or absence abroad . In February 1945 , she joined the Women 's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "18th birthday",
            "1943",
            "july 1944",
            "the previous year",
            "february 1945",
            "five months later"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fae4580d9841400ab363c_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth join the women's service?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1945",
                  "answer_start": 262
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15233_s",
          "context": ", Republican voters control most of the state , especially in the more rural and suburban areas outside of the cities ; Democratic strength is mostly confined to the urban cores of the four major cities , and is particularly strong in the cities of Nashville and Memphis . The latter area includes a large African-American population . Historically . Tennessee 's 1st and 2nd congressional districts , based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville , respectively , are among the few historically Republican districts in the South . Those districts ' residents supported the Union over the Confederacy during the Civil War ; they identified with the GOP after the war and have stayed with that party ever since . The 1st has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1881",
            "the 1960s",
            "four years since 1859",
            "the early 21st century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ca113dfb02c14005c6bb8_s",
              "question": "When did Tennessee's first congressional district vote overwhelmingly for Republicans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1881",
                  "answer_start": 760
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18314_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the mid-18th century , the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South . The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership , as did the preachers ' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery , which had been part of the 18th-century teachings . Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john smyth",
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            "roger williams"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731edafe17f3d140042255c_s",
              "question": "Who founded the First Baptist group in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roger Williams",
                  "answer_start": 339
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13395_s",
          "context": "Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago. Lunar calendars were among the first to appear, either 12 or 13 lunar months (either 354 or 384 days). Without intercalation to add days or months to some years, seasons quickly drift in a calendar based solely on twelve lunar months. Lunisolar calendars have a thirteenth month added to some years to make up for the difference between a full year (now known to be about 365.24 days) and a year of just twelve lunar months. The numbers twelve and thirteen came to feature prominently in many cultures, at least partly due to this relationship of months to years. Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica, particularly in ancient Mayan civilization. These calendars were religiously and astronomically based, with 18 months in a year and 20 days in a month.",
          "c_entity": [
            "mesoamerica"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fb093acd2414000df15e_s",
              "question": "Where did the other early calendar forms come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mesoamerica",
                  "answer_start": 715
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did some of the other early forms of calendars originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5781_s",
          "context": "Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with \"On and On\", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored. These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences. By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, \"house music\" encompassed these locally produced recordings. Subgenres of house, including deep house and acid house, quickly emerged and gained traction.",
          "c_entity": [
            "chicago-area"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069bdd52bb891400689ad4_s",
              "question": "Where does family music play?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago-area radio",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "what area radio was house music generally played on?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-586_s",
          "context": ". The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1626",
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            "early 20th centuries",
            "1664"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce31baaab44d1400b8853d_s",
              "question": "When did the British take over the territory from the Dutch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1664",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7113_s",
          "context": ", having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $ 1,000 in 2009 . The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012 , compared to 13 percent for Dell . While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady , Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis , with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs . It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple , updated on a yearly schedule , and authorized resellers where they have a special `` store within a store '' section to distinguish them from Windows PCs . In contrast , Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings , selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web , and often with limited-time or region-specific models . The Macintosh ranked third on the `` list of intended brands for desktop purchases '' for the 2011 holiday season , and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hewlett packard",
            "asus",
            "dell",
            "lenovo",
            "acer",
            "apple",
            "npd"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d143eb3d812140066d3ec_s",
              "question": "Who pushed Macintosh from the first place in the 2013 holiday season \"table shopping intention brand list\" to the second place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dell",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season \"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18722_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , the authorities in Glasgow . Other Scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament . In Ireland , the Irish Constabulary Act of 1822 marked the beginning of the Royal Irish Constabulary . The Act established a force in each barony with chief constables and inspectors general under the control of the civil administration at Dublin Castle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1841",
            "1822",
            "1800"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732a188cc179a14009dabb1_s",
              "question": "When was the Irish police founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1822",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Ireland's police force established?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5266_s",
          "context": "The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states . , there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states . Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades , such as the Third Crusade , called to try to regain Jerusalem . -LSB- Z -RSB- In 1203 , the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople , setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire . , but never regained their former strength .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1203",
            "1193"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d90_s",
              "question": "When was the Fourth Crusade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1203",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15007_s",
          "context": ", during a VVAW march to honor American POWs held captive by North Vietnam . , and while in Lexington , participants tried to camp on the village green . At 2:30 a.m. , local and state police arrested 441 demonstrators , including Kerry , for trespassing . Kerry and the other protesters later paid a $ 5 fine , and were released . The mass arrests caused a community backlash and ended up giving positive coverage to the VVAW .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2:30 a.m.",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab1b4f75d5e190021fc45_s",
              "question": "When was Kerry arrested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2:30 a.m.",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what time was Kerry arrested?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14614_s",
          "context": "-- 2005 season . , both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN . On June 15 , 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cca",
            "cbc country canada",
            "canadian curling association",
            "tsn",
            "cottage life television"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a36e06aef051400155384_s",
              "question": "Who will be the new exclusive broadcaster of curling match in 2008-2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "TSN",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the new exclusive carrier of curling broadcasts during the 2008-2009 season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5651_s",
          "context": "In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570612ce52bb891400689854_s",
              "question": "When did Atlantic City experience a radical construction boom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early part of the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17485_s",
          "context": "However , some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language . It has been suggested by them and others , that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples , who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region , and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture . Reliable historical records begin much later ; there are none in Sumer of any kind that have been dated before Enmebaragesi -LRB- c. 26th century BC -RRB- . Professor Juris Zarins believes the Sumerians were settled along the coast of Eastern Arabia , before it flooded at the end of the Ice Age .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf53_s",
              "question": "When was Sumer's earliest history?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "26th century BC",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the earliest historical records of Sumer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6960_s",
          "context": "In response to attribution of recent climate change , the City of Melbourne , in 2002 , however not all metropolitan municipalities have followed . Melbourne has one of the largest urban footprints in the world due to its low density housing , resulting in a vast suburban sprawl , with a high level of car dependence and minimal public transport outside of inner areas . Much of the vegetation within the city are non-native species , most of European origin , and in many cases plays host to invasive species and noxious weeds . Significant introduced urban pests include the common myna , feral pigeon , brown rat , European wasp , common starling and red fox . Many outlying suburbs , particularly towards the Yarra Valley and the hills to the north-east and east , have gone for extended periods without regenerative fires leading to a lack of saplings and undergrowth in urbanised native bushland . The Department of Sustainability and Environment partially addresses this problem by regularly burning off . Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne , including the Mornington Peninsula National Park , Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the south east , Organ Pipes National Park to the north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east . There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne . Responsibility for regulating pollution falls under the jurisdiction of the EPA Victoria and several local councils . Air pollution , by world standards , is classified as being good . Summer and autumn are the worst times of year for atmospheric haze in the urban area .",
          "c_entity": [
            "glen eira",
            "moreland city council",
            "epa victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e57e50dc6ce1900204f6f_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the management of pollution in Melbourne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "EPA Victoria and several local councils",
                  "answer_start": 1477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for regulating pollution in Melbourne?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6515_s",
          "context": "In May 2005 , the first high definition video conferencing systems , produced by LifeSize Communications , were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas , Nevada , able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution . As of the 2010s , high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature , with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lifesize communications",
            "polycom"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b221b6b8089140040f769_s",
              "question": "Who produced the first HD video conference system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "LifeSize Communications",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who produced the first high definition video conferencing system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10506_s",
          "context": "Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses : Louis Kahn 's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art , Eero Saarinen 's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges , and Paul Rudolph 's Art & Architecture Building . In 2011 , Travel + Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "19th-century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e0c9708984140094d482_s",
              "question": "When was travel + Leisure listed as one of Yale's most beautiful campsites?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 343
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8805_s",
          "context": "The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when , in 1913 . This new , refaced principal façade -LRB- of Portland stone -RRB- was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial , a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria , placed outside the main gates . , had a more serious personality than his father ; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties . He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band -LRB- 1919 -RRB- -- the first jazz performance for a head of state , which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a -LRB- Kind of -RRB- Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom . , and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art , both restoring and adding to it . , dating from 1810 , which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room , the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade . This room , 69 feet -LRB- 21 metres -RRB- long , previously known as the South Drawing Room , coffered with huge gilt console brackets .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "queen mary",
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            "blore"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f47f38643c19005acf01_s",
              "question": "Who led the last great work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King George V",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6475_s",
          "context": ". In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry , including perhaps the finest border ballad , `` The Ballad of Chevy Chase '' , thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale . The county was also a common location for folk songs , `` Warrington Ale '' and `` The soldier 's farewell to Manchester '' , as a major seaport , was the subject of many sea shanties , beside several local Wassailing songs . In the Industrial Revolution changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song , often linked to migration and patterns of work . These included processional dances , often associated with rushbearing or the Wakes Week festivities , and types of step dance , most famously clog dancing .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aff9fec8fbc190045b7c4_s",
              "question": "Who composed the songs of Chevy Chase?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Sheale",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was \"The Ballad of Chevy Chase\" composed by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5241_s",
          "context": "The Carolingian dynasty , officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III -LRB- r. 752 -- 768 -RRB- . A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought , and gained -- 757 -RRB- . Pippin 's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers , and circulated stories of the family 's great piety . At the time of his death in 768 , Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons -- 771 -RRB- . , embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe , eventually controlling modern-day France , northern Italy , and Saxony . In the wars that lasted beyond 800 , he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land . In 774 , which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States . -LSB- L -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "stephen ii",
            "charles the great",
            "charles martel",
            "carloman",
            "pippin",
            "charlemagne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ed_s",
              "question": "Who led the coup to control Austria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pippin III",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18582_s",
          "context": ". , both from Texas . Joe Martin , the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955 . There were exceptions , for example , with occasional success . However , these exceptions were not enough to right the balance . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisenhower",
            "senate",
            "republican national committee",
            "joe martin",
            "leonard w. hall",
            "lyndon b. johnson",
            "democrats",
            "sam rayburn",
            "house"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327f92b3a91d1900202dcf_s",
              "question": "Who was the speaker of the house of representatives from 1953 to 1955?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Martin",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18073_s",
          "context": "Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine 's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt . Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine 's Monastery is exceptional . On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background . The apse is surrounded with bands containing medallions of apostles and prophets , and two contemporary figure , `` Abbot Longinos '' and `` John the Deacon '' . The mosaic was probably created in 565/6 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jesus",
            "moses"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317d9be6313a140071cfb9_s",
              "question": "Who is in St. Peter's Monastery? Catherine in the background of mosaic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moses",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is depicted in Saint Catherine's Monastery on a mosaic landscape background? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6310_s",
          "context": "Emotions involve different components , such as subjective experience , cognitive processes , expressive behavior , psychophysiological changes , and instrumental behavior . At one time , academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components , behaviorists with instrumental behavior , psychophysiologists with physiological changes , and so on . More recently , emotion is said to consist of all the components . The different components of emotion are categorized somewhat differently depending on the academic discipline . In psychology and philosophy , emotion typically includes a subjective , conscious experience characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions , biological reactions , and mental states . A similar multicomponential description of emotion is found in sociology . For example , Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components , cultural or emotional labels -LRB- e.g. , anger , surprise etc. -RRB- , expressive body actions , and the appraisal of situations and contexts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william james",
            "peggy thoits"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a7c016d058f1900182e92_s",
              "question": "Who discussed emotions in the context of expressing body manipulation and cultural labels?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peggy Thoits",
                  "answer_start": 830
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18837_s",
          "context": "The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.",
          "c_entity": [
            "north"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57351a8aacc1501500bac40c_s",
              "question": "Where did American bison live in the 19th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "western North America",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3701_s",
          "context": "Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550 , but the abbey was recognised -LRB- in 1552 , retroactively to 1550 -RRB- as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556 . , which is dedicated to Saint Peter .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saint peter",
            "st paul's cathedral"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8de4b99e8941900975ee3_s",
              "question": "Who is the monastery dedicated to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saint Peter",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the abbey dedicated to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7775_s",
          "context": "The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks left on the floor and their durability was also questioned. Katsuyah Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and had no discomfort. Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally. The controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons.",
          "c_entity": [
            "katsuyah nakawaka"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571111f8a58dae1900cd6bc4_s",
              "question": "Who installed the game and watch d-pad on the Famicom prototype?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Katsuyah Nakawaka",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9465_s",
          "context": "The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics , which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further . They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz , Joseph von Fraunhofer , and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit , among others . Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays , an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 . The Walhalla temple for `` laudable and distinguished Germans '' , features a number of scientists , in Bavaria .",
          "c_entity": [
            "walhalla",
            "regensburg",
            "bavaria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572954806aef051400154cff_s",
              "question": "Where is the temple of Walhalla?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bavaria",
                  "answer_start": 533
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Walhalla temple located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9480_s",
          "context": "In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area and wintered over . , the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor . These settlers were hoping to establish a -LRB- in their mind -RRB- better theological community , with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor . The Quinnipiacs , who were under attack by neighboring Pequots , sold their land to the settlers in return for protection .",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 1638",
            "1637"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57273f46708984140094db47_s",
              "question": "When did the pilgrims investigate new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1637",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Puritans survey New Haven Harbor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13749_s",
          "context": "Because the actions involved in the `` war on terrorism '' are diffuse , and the criteria for inclusion are unclear , political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that `` the ` war on terrorism ' therefore , is simultaneously a set of actual practices -- wars , covert operations , agencies , and institutions -- and an accompanying series of assumptions , beliefs , justifications , and narratives -- it is an entire language or discourse . '' . Administration officials also described `` terrorists '' as hateful , treacherous , barbarous , mad , twisted , perverted , without faith , parasitical , inhuman , and , most commonly , evil . Americans , in contrast , were described as brave , loving , generous , strong , resourceful , heroic , and respectful of human rights .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard jackson",
            "john ashcroft"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284244ff5b5019007da028_s",
              "question": "Who says the war on terror is a complete discourse?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Jackson",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11216_s",
          "context": "Greek drama exemplifies the earliest form of drama of which we have substantial knowledge. Tragedy, as a dramatic genre, developed as a performance associated with religious and civic festivals, typically enacting or developing upon well-known historical or mythological themes. Tragedies generally presented very serious themes. With the advent of newer technologies, scripts written for non-stage media have been added to this form. War of the Worlds (radio) in 1938 saw the advent of literature written for radio broadcast, and many works of Drama have been adapted for film or television. Conversely, television, film, and radio literature have been adapted to printed or electronic media.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1938"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c2c4f1498d1400e8ea80_s",
              "question": "When did the world war first appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was War Of The Worlds originally presented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7086_s",
          "context": "John 's first wife , Countess of Gloucester , was released from imprisonment in 1214 ; she remarried twice , and died in 1217 . John 's second wife ; she became a powerful regional leader , but largely abandoned the children she had had by John . John had five legitimate children . His eldest son , Henry III , ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century . His youngest daughter . John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses , including nine sons , John , Henry , Eudes -- and three daughters . Of these , marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oliver",
            "joan",
            "henry iii",
            "william marshal",
            "maud",
            "bartholomew",
            "philip",
            "geoffrey",
            "simon de montfort",
            "isabella of angoulême",
            "of the romans",
            "richard",
            "eleanor",
            "osbert gifford",
            "llywelyn the great of wales",
            "john",
            "frederick ii",
            "alexander ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c6a8cb3d812140066d1f0_s",
              "question": "Who is John's eldest son?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry III",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was John's eldest son?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16803_s",
          "context": "Television money had also become much more important , but when that deal was renewed in 1988 . The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league ; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a `` super league '' , but were eventually persuaded to stay . As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose , the country 's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "1986",
            "two-year",
            "four years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e3bfd058e614000b64e1_s",
              "question": "When was the first year when the club threatened to quit the football league?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15973_s",
          "context": ", Emperor An -LRB- r. 106 . , exiled them and forced many to commit suicide . After An 's death , his wife . However , palace eunuch Sun Cheng -LRB- d. 132 AD -RRB- masterminded a successful overthrow of her regime to enthrone Emperor Shun of Han -LRB- r. 125 -- 144 AD -RRB- . , her relatives were either killed or exiled , and her eunuch allies were slaughtered . Afterward , who was then forced to commit suicide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "liang ji",
            "sun cheng",
            "li run",
            "deng mengnü",
            "empress dowager yan",
            "liang na",
            "jiang jing",
            "dowager deng",
            "huan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ee029cb0c0d14000f1653_s",
              "question": "Who wants to overthrow the post Yan regime?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sun Cheng",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which person plotted to overthrew the regime of Empress Dowager Yan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7663_s",
          "context": "One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately . The classification scheme , which was meant only to describe males , separated them into three basic categories : dionings , urnings and uranodionings . An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy . : heterosexual , homosexual , and bisexual . In the series of pamphlets , Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning . The definitions of each category of Ulrichs ' classification scheme are as follows :",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1860s",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57101dc2b654c5140001f80a_s",
              "question": "When did Carl Heinrich Ulrich develop this classification system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 1860s",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13566_s",
          "context": "The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan 's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques -LRB- 1870 -RRB- . , and was also the first to give an axiomatic definition of an `` abstract group '' , in the terminology of the time . , groups gained wide recognition by the pioneering work of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius and William Burnside , who worked on representation theory of finite groups , Richard Brauer 's modular representation theory and Issai Schur 's papers . The theory of Lie groups , and more generally locally compact groups was studied by Hermann Weyl , Élie Cartan and many others . Its algebraic counterpart , the theory of algebraic groups .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1882",
            "1870",
            "1930s",
            "the 20th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728106fff5b5019007d9c3a_s",
              "question": "When did the theory of group unity from different sources develop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the uniform theory of groups develop from different sources? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9753_s",
          "context": "The Presbyterian Church -LRB- U.S.A. -RRB- has adopted the Book of Confessions , which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards . These other documents include ancient creedal statements -LRB- the Nicene Creed , the Apostles ' Creed -RRB- , the Heidelberg Catechism , the Second Helvetic Confession -RRB- , Confession of 1967 and A Brief Statement of Faith -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1967",
            "20th century",
            "16th-century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266d3b5951b619008f725c_s",
              "question": "When did the bartender prepare the theological manifesto?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9465_s",
          "context": "The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for \"laudable and distinguished Germans\", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1901"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572954806aef051400154cfe_s",
              "question": "When was the first Nobel Prize in physics awarded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1901",
                  "answer_start": 415
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14547_s",
          "context": "The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia , who is widely revered . On 14 July , people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino , the most important religious event of the year . The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who , it is believed , freed the city from the Black Death in 1624 . , and her remains were carried around the city three times , banishing the plague . There is a sanctuary marking the spot where her remains were found which can be reached via a scenic bus ride from the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "santa rosalia",
            "monte pellegrino"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572970446aef051400154eb4_s",
              "question": "Who can end the black death in 1624?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Santa Rosalia",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7498_s",
          "context": "The first English coffeehouse opened in Oxford in 1650. Brian Cowan said that Oxford coffeehouses developed into \"penny universities\", offering a locus of learning that was less formal than structured institutions. These penny universities occupied a significant position in Oxford academic life, as they were frequented by those consequently referred to as the \"virtuosi\", who conducted their research on some of the resulting premises. According to Cowan, \"the coffeehouse was a place for like-minded scholars to congregate, to read, as well as learn from and to debate with each other, but was emphatically not a university institution, and the discourse there was of a far different order than any university tutorial.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "oxford"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710831cb654c5140001f941_s",
              "question": "Where was the first coffee shop opened in England in 1650?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oxford",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the first English coffeehouse open in 1650?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13243_s",
          "context": "A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia , Timur -LRB- Tamerlane -RRB- , attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi . The Sultan 's army was defeated on 17 December 1398 . Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked , destroyed , and left in ruins . He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids , scholars , and the `` other Muslims '' -LRB- artists -RRB- . The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty , but it was a shadow of the former .",
          "c_entity": [
            "three days",
            "nights",
            "one day",
            "17 december 1398"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57289df84b864d1900164ad3_s",
              "question": "When did Timur defeat the Sultan of Delhi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "17 December 1398",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12442_s",
          "context": "In 2000 , inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year 's competition the opportunity to score a restored , feature-length silent film as a grand prize , mentored by a well-known composer , with the new work subsequently premiering on the network . As of 2006 : 1921 's The Ace of Hearts and 1928 's Laugh , Clown , Laugh , and Greta Garbo 's 1926 film The Temptress .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lon chaney",
            "tcm",
            "camille",
            "rudolph valentino",
            "greta garbo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277c1fdd62a815002e9e5c_s",
              "question": "Who has played a witch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Greta Garbo",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in The Temptress?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1140_s",
          "context": "According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire , aversion and ignorance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "samsara",
            "buddha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1ef6ae7d4791d00902599_s",
              "question": "Who is a fully awakened person who has cleared the desire, disgust and ignorance of the three poisons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "a Buddha",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10042_s",
          "context": ", most music mega-stars were guy rockers ; after her , almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America , they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band . -- with an emphasis on the female . '' ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers . '' According to Fouz-Hernández , Destiny 's Child , and decided they wanted to be like her . '' Time magazine included her in the list of the `` 25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century '' , where she became one of only two singers to be included , alongside Aretha Franklin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "spice girls",
            "msnbc",
            "britney spears",
            "pink",
            "aretha franklin",
            "madonna",
            "christina aguilera",
            "vh1",
            "kylie minogue",
            "howard kramer",
            "tony sclafani",
            "roll hall of fame",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fe765951b619008f843f_s",
              "question": "Who is the other woman to win the championship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aretha Franklin",
                  "answer_start": 609
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the other woman who earned the title?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11450_s",
          "context": "There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts. The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy (\"Nijntje\", in Dutch). Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites.",
          "c_entity": [
            "utrecht school of the arts"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e8a9dd62a815002e94ae_s",
              "question": "Where are young artists trained",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are young artist trained "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18642_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute , in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial . After Heine 's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected , allegedly for anti-Semitic motives -- 1856 -RRB- , his incensed German-American admirers , including Carl Schurz , started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan , at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street . However , this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism , aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1797",
            "1856",
            "1838"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326a2be17f3d140042296c_s",
              "question": "When did Heine die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1856",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Heine die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8065_s",
          "context": "In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest. The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571af11632177014007e9ff9_s",
              "question": "When was the article on the importance of interaction published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2015",
                  "answer_start": 109
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the article come out about the importance of interactions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13059_s",
          "context": "The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism , the Tsangpa prince , in a prolonged civil war . His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan , the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate . With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord , the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state . This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jonang",
            "güshi khan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d5153acd2414000deda2_s",
              "question": "Who helped the fifth Dalai Lama?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Güshi Khan",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2118_s",
          "context": "Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1983"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2fe04396321400ee265e_s",
              "question": "When will ins sue Chada in the Supreme Court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was INS v Chadha tried before the Supreme Court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10723_s",
          "context": "As early as 1794 , Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement , as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain . A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings , so that there would be no inducement for anyone , especially from other European powers , to visit and lay claim to the place .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1808",
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            "6 june 1825",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269e12f1498d1400e8e50c_s",
              "question": "When did NSW's deputy governor propose to Francis gross that Norfolk Island be closed as a criminal law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1794",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose start suggesting Norfolk Island be closed as a penal settlement?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9759_s",
          "context": "-- 1572 -RRB- , a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva , returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines . The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland . King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government , James ' successor , Charles I and William Laud , the Archbishop of Canterbury , attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer . What resulted was an armed insurrection , with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant . , and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War . , Charles II , despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters , reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1572",
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            "1505",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267878dd62a815002e862c_s",
              "question": "When did John Knox die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1572",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did John Knox past away?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7247_s",
          "context": "Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the last thirty years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d489cb3d812140066d641_s",
              "question": "When did Valencia experience a cultural turnaround?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the last thirty years",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what period has Valencia had a cultural surge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8408_s",
          "context": "Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes -LRB- c. 287 -- 212 BC -RRB- -- c. 190 BC -RRB- , and Euclid -LRB- c. 325 -- 265 BC -RRB- , whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century , built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans . Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem , for the infinitude of primes , and worked on the ﬁve Platonic solids . Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth . His calculation was remarkably accurate . He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth 's axis -LRB- again with remarkable accuracy -RRB- . Additionally , he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day . Known as the `` Father of Geography '' , Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians , based on the available geographical knowledge of the era .",
          "c_entity": [
            "apollonius",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726172c89a1e219009ac23f_s",
              "question": "Who measured the size of the earth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eratosthenes",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who measured the circumference of the Earth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8937_s",
          "context": ", following a referendum , Baden , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg . , the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland . German reunification in 1990 , in which the German Democratic Republic -LRB- East Germany -RRB- ascended into the Federal Republic , resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg , Mecklenburg-West Pomerania -LRB- in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern -RRB- , Saxony -LRB- Sachsen -RRB- , Saxony-Anhalt -LRB- Sachsen-Anhalt -RRB- , and Thuringia -LRB- Thüringen -RRB- , as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state . , while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1996",
            "1957",
            "1952",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57290ee56aef051400154a07_s",
              "question": "When did Germany unite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the German reunification take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8463_s",
          "context": "In the early morning of 10 April . The early Austrian attack surprised the French ; Napoleon himself was still in Paris when he heard about the invasion . , with its two wings separated by 75 miles -LRB- 121 km -RRB- and joined together by a thin cordon of Bavarian troops . Charles pressed the left wing of the French army and hurled his men towards the III Corps of Marshal Davout . In response , Napoleon came up with a plan to cut off the Austrians in the celebrated Landshut Maneuver . On 13 May .",
          "c_entity": [
            "southern",
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            "germany",
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            "vienna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a6bedd62a815002e8c01_s",
              "question": "Where was Napoleon when he learned of the Austrian invasion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris",
                  "answer_start": 114
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Where was Napoleon when he received news of an Austrian invasion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12347_s",
          "context": "By 1979 . Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984 . The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987 , but was already being superseded by a second , revised edition of the entire work , Professor John W. Welch -LRB- the head of FARMS -RRB- , and others too numerous to mention here . However , these were merely preliminary steps to a far more exacting and all-encompassing project .",
          "c_entity": [
            "larson",
            "gordon c. thomasson",
            "royal skousen",
            "grant hardy",
            "john w. welch",
            "robert f. smith",
            "yale",
            "foundation for ancient research"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a527ff5b5019007d91d4_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the farm?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Professor John W. Welch",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the head of FARMS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18816_s",
          "context": "Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1972"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573605696c16ec1900b928fa_s",
              "question": "When was the protection bill introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 222
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was this protection act put into place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10780_s",
          "context": "On 20 June 1794 . , to whom he was tenderly attached , and in whom he saw signs of promise , which were not patent to others and which , in fact . , whose favour he had gained by his attitude on the French Revolution , wished to create him Earl of Beaconsfield , but the death of his son deprived the opportunity of such an honour and all its attractions , so the only award he would accept was a pension of £ 2,500 . Even this modest reward was attacked by the Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale : `` It can not at this time be too often repeated ; line upon line ; precept upon precept ; until it comes into the currency of a proverb , To innovate is not to reform '' . He argued that he was rewarded on merit , but the Duke of Bedford received his rewards from inheritance alone , his ancestor being the original pensioner : `` Mine was from a mild and benevolent sovereign . , and included a description of the British constitution :",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
            "hastings trial",
            "richard burke",
            "duke of bedford",
            "henry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b27add62a815002e8d32_s",
              "question": "Who attacked Burke because he was recognized by King George III?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attacked Burke for receiving recognition from King George III?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11507_s",
          "context": ". The electronics of the new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed , since it was still entirely I/O bound . , New Jersey . He arranged its financing , and the components were designed and built at the RCA Research Laboratory nearby . , nicknamed the defense computer include a magnetic drum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "institute for advanced study in princeton",
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            "ibm",
            "john von neumann"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284b74ff5b5019007da118_s",
              "question": "Who built this computer after the IAS design?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "RCA Research Laboratory",
                  "answer_start": 197
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "After the design of IAS, who built the computer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1777_s",
          "context": "Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1970"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd2ea866d3e219004dac24_s",
              "question": "When did Khalifa first become prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4580_s",
          "context": "Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other leading literary figures of the time, including Horace, in whose poetry he is often mentioned, and Varius Rufus, who later helped finish the Aeneid.",
          "c_entity": [
            "37 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4b_s",
              "question": "When will the official journal be published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "before 37 BC",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When where the Eclogues likely published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3593_s",
          "context": ", the season expanded to 16 games . There were also several rule changes in this period . In 2005 , players were no longer allowed to run out of bounds . The only way for a player to go out of bounds presently is if he is tackled into or deliberately contacts the side boards . , free substitution was allowed , ending the `` iron man '' era of one-platoon football . , the `` jack '' linebacker was allowed to go sideboard to sideboard without being penalized for `` illegal defense '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "2003",
            "2005",
            "the first year",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79d2300c9c71400d773c1_s",
              "question": "When was the first time the arena bowl was played in a neutral place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the ArenaBowl first played at a neutral location?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9877_s",
          "context": ", relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained , primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament 's attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent . , a perceived violation of the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen . The American Revolution began with rejection of Parliamentary authority and moves towards self-government . In response Britain sent troops to reimpose direct rule . , the United States declared independence . , Britain began negotiating peace terms . American independence was acknowledged at the Peace of Paris in 1783 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266c3edd62a815002e846a_s",
              "question": "When did Britain recognize American independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1783",
                  "answer_start": 597
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain recognize American independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-340_s",
          "context": "Throughout the following month . At Linggu Temple in Nanjing , he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor 's deceased parents , while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor 's seal . During his stay in Nanjing , Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title `` Great Treasure Prince of Dharma '' by the Yongle Emperor . Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor , in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of `` King '' and praising his mystical abilities and miracles , but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor 's offer . In fact .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd798262d2951400fa65f7_s",
              "question": "Where is Linggu Temple?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nanjing",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Linggu Temple located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9836_s",
          "context": "Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939 . Martin Goodman , was expanding into the emerging -- and by then already highly popular -- new medium of comic books . Launching his new line from his existing company 's offices at 330 West 42nd Street , New York City , he officially held the titles of editor , managing editor , and business manager , with Abraham Goodman officially listed as publisher .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
            "1933"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266134dd62a815002e8322_s",
              "question": "When did the miracle come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 102
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Marvel founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9421_s",
          "context": "During the 20th century , many artists immigrated to Mexico City from different regions of Mexico , an engraver from Veracruz , designed to help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art . Other painters came from abroad . It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme . José Luis Cuevas opted for a modernist style in contrast to the muralist movement associated with social politics .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b9e3f1498d1400e8e904_s",
              "question": "Who is the great advocator of art modernity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "José Luis Cuevas",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a big proponent of modernism in art?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15552_s",
          "context": "As a result , but remained close friends . , they married , already having had a son , Max Samuel . , however , many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989 . They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son. : 403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did Spielberg and Owen get divorced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg and Irving divorce?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3379_s",
          "context": "The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e1_s",
              "question": "When will Beidou system 2 start providing services?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2012",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9912_s",
          "context": "While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken , it did not collapse . Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region , though on these occasions with American approval , as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan 's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States . , Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez , which included the ones in the Middle East , and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore . , and Maldives in 1976 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 585
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-240_s",
          "context": "Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris , Cherubini , Baillot , etc. -- also Kalkbrenner . You would not believe how curious I was about Herz , Liszt , Hiller , etc. '' Liszt was in attendance at Chopin 's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel , which led him to remark : `` The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician , who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cf75c64df3c31400b0d7d9_s",
              "question": "When did Lester watch Chopin's performance for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "26 February 1832",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the date that LIszt first saw Chopin perform?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15104_s",
          "context": "This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as \"When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon.\" Later stoics, such as Sextus of Chaeronea, would continue this idea of empiricism in later Stoic writings as well. As Sextus contends \"For every thought comes from sense-perception or not without sense-perception and either from direct experience or not without direct experience\" (Against the Professors, 8.56-8).",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Where is Sextus from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chaeronea",
                  "answer_start": 409
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Sextus from?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1493_s",
          "context": "Following the events in Olympia . Australian authorities stated that such a request , if it were to be made , would be refused . Chinese officials labeled it a rumor . Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators . Tony Goh , has said the ACCO would be taking `` thousands '' of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus , to support the torch relay . , a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations , told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses , meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators , and helping them organise a `` peaceful show of strength '' . , but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhang rongan",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3994e7c41114004b4f6f_s",
              "question": "Who says there will be thousands of Pro Beijing supporters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tony Goh",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1322_s",
          "context": "Phillips became the winner . Prior to the announcement of the winner -- which she accepted .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who won this idol season?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Phillips",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won this season of Idol?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15217_s",
          "context": ", Andrew Johnson -LRB- a War Democrat from Tennessee -RRB- was elected Vice President under Abraham Lincoln . He became President after Lincoln 's assassination in 1865 . Under Johnson 's lenient re-admission policy , Tennessee was the first of the seceding states to have its elected members readmitted to the U.S. Congress . Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment , it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Andrew Johnson become president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1865",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
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              "original_question": "In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7707_s",
          "context": "Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin , Texas -LRB- original location -RRB- and Lebanon , Tennessee -LRB- opened in 1999 -RRB- , respectively . The plant in Winston-Salem , and Dell 's contract with the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions . Most of the work that used to take place in Dell 's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico , or some of Dell 's own factories overseas . The Miami , Florida facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation , while Dell continues to produce its servers -LRB- its most profitable products -RRB- in Austin , Texas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2010",
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            "early 2009",
            "2008"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fd82180d9841400ab36c0_s",
              "question": "When was Dell's Tennessee factory opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Dell's Tennessee facility opened?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7060_s",
          "context": ", John supported his brother on the continent , apparently loyally . In 1195 John successfully conducted a sudden attack and siege of Évreux castle . The following year , John seized the town of Gamaches and led a raiding party within 50 miles -LRB- 80 km -RRB- of Paris . In return for this service , restored him to the county of Gloucestershire and made him again the Count of Mortain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "philip",
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            "boulogne",
            "john",
            "beauvais"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c602dfed7b91900d45955_s",
              "question": "Who is count Modan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Count of Mortain?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2532_s",
          "context": "Three weeks later , on May 5 , 1961 , Alan Shepard became the first American in space , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . , he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft 's attitude and retro-rocket firing . After his successful return , Shepard was celebrated as a national hero , honored with parades in Washington , New York and Los Angeles .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56e0f229231d4119001ac4b5_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to control the operation of a spaceship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alan Shepard",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5529_s",
          "context": ". Indeed , set up to plan the new imperial capital , submitted reports for both North and South sites . However , it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high . The central axis of New Delhi , which today faces east at India Gate . During the project 's early years , many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself . Eventually , owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side , the committee settled on the South site . A site atop the Raisina Hill , formerly Raisina Village , a Meo village . The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel , which was also considered the site of Indraprastha , the ancient region of Delhi . Subsequently , the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 -- 1912 , where the Coronation Pillar stood , and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat . The Rajpath , stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan . The Secretariat building , the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India , both designed by Herbert Baker , are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john a. brodie",
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            {
              "id": "5705e5c275f01819005e771a_s",
              "question": "Who designed the house in New Delhi?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Herbert Baker",
                  "answer_start": 1217
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Parliament House of New Delhi?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9017_s",
          "context": "General Ridgway was appointed Supreme Commander , Korea ; he regrouped the UN forces for successful counterattacks . ; Operations Courageous -LRB- 23 -- 28 March 1951 -RRB- and Tomahawk -LRB- 23 March 1951 -RRB- were a joint ground and airborne infilltration meant to trap Chinese forces between Kaesong and Seoul . UN forces advanced to `` Line Kansas '' , north of the 38th parallel . , 1951 , at Munsan-ni , South Korea , codenamed Operation Tomahawk . The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north . The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance provided the medical cover for the operations , dropping an ADS and a surgical team and treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kpa",
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            {
              "id": "5726e644f1498d1400e8ef4e_s",
              "question": "Who was appointed commander in chief of North Korea after General MacArthur was removed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Ridgway",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was appointed Supreme Commander in Korea after the removal of General MacArthur?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6304_s",
          "context": "In the 1990s , sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant . , pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions . During every encounter , he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the `` looking glass '' that the gestures and reactions of others provide . Depending on these reactions , we either experience pride or shame and this results in particular paths of action . Retzinger -LRB- 1991 -RRB- conducted studies of married couples who experienced cycles of rage and shame . , Scheff -LRB- 1990 -RRB- developed a micro sociological theory of the social bond . The formation or disruption of social bonds is dependent on the emotions that people experience during interactions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "goffman",
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            "cooley"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a71dd6d058f1900182e73_s",
              "question": "Who developed the theory of social attachment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scheff",
                  "answer_start": 600
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the social bond theory?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18314_s",
          "context": "Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam , with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . In 1638 . In the mid-18th century , the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South . The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership , as did the preachers ' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery , which had been part of the 18th-century teachings . Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731edafe17f3d140042255a_s",
              "question": "Who is the pastor of the First Baptist Church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Smyth",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14156_s",
          "context": "Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world , the Louvre , as well as the Musée d'Orsay , noted for its collection of French Impressionist art , and the Musée National d'Art Moderne , a museum of modern and contemporary art . ; the Eiffel Tower -LRB- 1889 -RRB- . , making it one of the world 's top tourist destinations . Paris is also known for its fashion , particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week , and for its haute cuisine , and three-star restaurants . Most of France 's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris , as are France 's major newspapers , including Le Monde , Le Figaro , and Libération .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b348ff5b5019007da4d6_s",
              "question": "When was the Eiffel Tower built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9117_s",
          "context": "In 1814 , a secret organization called the Filiki Eteria -LRB- Society of Friends -RRB- was founded with the aim of liberating Greece . The Filiki Eteria planned to launch revolution in the Peloponnese , the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople . , but it was soon put down by the Ottomans .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572639f638643c19005ad329_s",
              "question": "When will friends start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1814",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did the Society of Friends begin?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7348_s",
          "context": "According to some historians , Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne , then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador , to make it appear that the French had been insulted . The French press and parliament demanded a war , which the generals of Napoleon III assured him that France would win . Napoleon and his Prime Minister , Émile Ollivier , for their parts sought war to solve their problems with political disunity in France . On 16 July 1870 . The German coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French and rapidly invaded northeastern France . The German forces were superior in numbers , had better training and leadership and made more effective use of modern technology , particularly railroads and artillery .",
          "c_entity": [
            "16 july 1870",
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              "id": "570d5904fed7b91900d45eea_s",
              "question": "When did the French parliament choose to declare war on Prussia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16 July 1870",
                  "answer_start": 535
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date did the French parliament vote to declare war on Prussia?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5717_s",
          "context": "As a doctoral student at Germany 's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , focusing on how people perceive music . MP3 is directly descended from OCF and PXFM , representing the outcome of the collaboration of Brandenburg -- working as a postdoc at AT&T - Bell Labs with James D. Johnston -LRB- `` JJ '' -RRB- of AT&T - Bell Labs -- with the Fraunhofer Institut for Integrated Circuits , Erlangen , with relatively minor contributions from the MP2 branch of psychoacoustic sub-band coders . , Brandenburg became an assistant professor at Erlangen-Nuremberg . While there , he continued to work on music compression with scientists at the Fraunhofer Society -LRB- in 1993 he joined the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "57061f8275f01819005e79ba_s",
              "question": "When did Brandenburg join Fraunhofer college?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 662
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Brandenburg join the Fraunhofen Institute?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4683_s",
          "context": "The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads , but higher mountain passes and byroads , which are amongst the highest in Europe . Many passes are closed in winter . A multitude of airports around the Alps -LRB- and some within -RRB- , as well as long-distance rail links from all neighbouring countries , afford large numbers of travellers easy access from abroad .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b3_s",
              "question": "When will many passages in the Alps be closed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "winter",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When are many passes in the Alps closed? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15436_s",
          "context": "A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner , beating him , causing serious injuries ; the events were filmed on a mobile phone . A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end `` with some kind of stick or knife '' or possibly a bayonet . Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck , he fell off as it drove away . His semi-naked , lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata ; upon arrival , he was found to be dead . Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds . Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach ; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility . Gaddafi 's son Mutassim , who had also been among the convoy , was also captured , and found dead several hours later , most probably from an extrajudicial execution . Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy ; tied up and abused , victims of extrajudicial execution . , Dr. Othman al-Zintani , carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi , his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths ; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head , the autopsy report was not made public .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57318c5c497a881900249011_s",
              "question": "Where did the ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Misrata",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-412_s",
          "context": "Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd67e662d2951400fa6587_s",
              "question": "Who announced Apple's market share in 2007?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bloomberg Online",
                  "answer_start": 460
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14396_s",
          "context": "Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai 's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern , western-style , conscripted army in 1873 . , but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect . The samurai finally came to an end after hundreds of years of enjoyment of their status , their powers , and their ability to shape the government of Japan . However , the rule of the state by the military class was not yet over . In defining how a modern Japan should be , members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany , basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige . Samurai were not a political force under the new order . With the Meiji reforms in the late 19th century , the samurai class was abolished , and a western-style national army was established . The Imperial Japanese Armies were conscripted , but many samurai volunteered as soldiers , and many advanced to be trained as officers . , and were highly motivated , disciplined , and exceptionally trained .",
          "c_entity": [
            "imperial army",
            "meiji",
            "shizoku"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f2282ca10214002dab00_s",
              "question": "Who established the Western army in Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Meiji",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established a western-style army in Japan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4305_s",
          "context": "-- nicknamed `` The Saints '' , having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium , `` The Dell '' . They reached the top flight of English football -LRB- First Division -RRB- for the first time in 1966 , staying there for eight years . They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976 , returned to the top flight two years later . In 2015 , their highest league finish in 30 years . Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division . They were also runners-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final . There is a strong rivalry between Portsmouth F.C. -LRB- `` South Coast derby '' -RRB- which is located only about 30 km -LRB- 19 mi -RRB- away .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chris nicholl",
            "premier league",
            "lawrie mcmenemy",
            "ian branfoot",
            "southampton football club",
            "manchester united",
            "ronald koeman",
            "gordon strachan",
            "ted bates",
            "football league cup"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c15c9e9bad19000a0427_s",
              "question": "Who beat the saints to win the FA Cup in 1976?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manchester United",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did The Saints beat in 1976 to win the FA Cup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10680_s",
          "context": "Chanakya , 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher . The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler , policies for foreign affairs and wars , the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state . , Ushanas , Parasara , and described himself as a descendant of a lineage of political philosophers . Another influential extant Indian treatise on political philosophy is the Sukra Neeti . An example of a code of law in ancient India is the Manusmṛti or Laws of Manu .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chanaka",
            "prachetasa manu",
            "ambi",
            "bruhaspati",
            "chanakya"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572699885951b619008f7789_s",
              "question": "Who is the political philosopher of the 4th century B.C?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chanakya",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17273_s",
          "context": "In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders. But its membership grew to include mostly people who supported abolition of slavery. Slaveholders wanted to get free people of color out of the South, where they were thought to threaten the stability of the slave societies. Some abolitionists collaborated on relocation of free blacks, as they were discouraged by discrimination against them in the North and believed they would never be accepted in the larger society. Most African Americans, who were native-born by this time, wanted to improve conditions in the United States rather than emigrate. Leading activists in the North strongly opposed the ACS, but some free blacks were ready to try a different environment.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1816"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301558947a6a140053d099_s",
              "question": "When was \"American colonial society\" founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1816",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the \"american colonization society founded\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18069_s",
          "context": ". During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones . Almost nothing of them survived except the `` Ascension of Christ '' in the Latin Chapel -LRB- now confusingly surrounded by many 20th-century mosaics -RRB- . The mosaics in the nave are arranged in five horizontal bands with the figures of the ancestors of Christ , Councils of the Church and angels . , the Nativity , Adoration of the Magi and Dormition of the Blessed Virgin can be seen . The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor , the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dormition of the",
            "bethlehem",
            "annunciation",
            "the holy land",
            "jerusalem",
            "the 12th-century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57317a46497a881900248f60_s",
              "question": "Where is the Holy Grail church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jerusalem",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9593_s",
          "context": "The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approach shopping as an exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities, just as the bourgeoisie did at the famous department stores in the central city. Like the bourgeois stores, it helped transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods. Its advertisements promised the opportunity to participate in the newest, most fashionable consumerism at reasonable cost. The latest technology was featured, such as cinemas and exhibits of inventions like X-ray machines (that could be used to fit shoes) and the gramophone.",
          "c_entity": [
            "paris"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264e925951b619008f6f79_s",
              "question": "Where was dufar's grandson magazine built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the northern part of Paris",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was The Grands Magasins Dufayel built? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14602_s",
          "context": "What little there was -- 80 -RRB- -- 89 -RRB- . First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French . It would take until Laboustre 's Neo-Grec of the second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles de wailly",
            "marc-antoine laugier",
            "laboustre",
            "gilles",
            "claude nicolas ledoux"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572994ff1d0469140077955f_s",
              "question": "Who awakened the Greek influence in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Laboustre",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-516_s",
          "context": "-LRB- The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30 , 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "sichuan",
            "panzhihua"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cdd10962d2951400fa68a0_s",
              "question": "Where did the earthquake happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "southern Sichuan",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did this earthquake occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7339_s",
          "context": "Although public opinion in Paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the Prussians , the Government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer , and that Gambetta 's provincial armies would probably never break through to relieve Paris . , who signed the surrender two days later at Versailles , with the armistice coming into effect at midnight . Several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to Paris , and collapsed into his daughter 's arms as the guns around Paris fell silent at midnight . At Tours , Gambetta received word from Paris on 30 January that the Government had surrendered . Furious , he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on German forces at Orleans which , predictably , failed . A delegation of Parisian diplomats arrived in Tours by train on 5 February to negotiate with Gambetta , which promptly ordered a cease-fire across France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "government of national defence",
            "gambetta",
            "favre",
            "trochu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d46d1b3d812140066d627_s",
              "question": "Who ignored the surrender and launched a failed attack on the Germans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gambetta",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who disregarded the surrender and launched a failed attack on the Germans?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2178_s",
          "context": ". To produce the Human Development Reports . Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen , they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework . , academics , and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being . Sen initially opposed this idea . Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paul streeten",
            "sudhir anand",
            "undp",
            "mahbub ul haq",
            "frances stewart",
            "united nations development programme",
            "keith griffin",
            "gustav ranis",
            "amartya sen",
            "meghnad desai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2e934396321400ee2648_s",
              "question": "Who initially opposed the idea of creating HDI?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amartya Sen",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15705_s",
          "context": "Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England . , Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America . The population of the Charleston metropolitan area , comprising Berkeley , Charleston , and Dorchester Counties -- the third-largest in the state -- and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "1690",
            "1670",
            "1840",
            "current",
            "2010",
            "1783",
            "1680",
            "present"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ff90304bcaa1900d76f83_s",
              "question": "When was Charleston founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1670",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Charleston originally founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9003_s",
          "context": "In order to enlist Stalin 's support . There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov , Lavrentiy Beria and Georgi Malenkov . Stalin initially agreed to send military equipment and ammunition . In a subsequent meeting , Stalin told Zhou that he would only provide China with equipment on a credit basis , and that the Soviet air force would only operate over Chinese airspace , and only after an undisclosed period of time . Stalin did not agree to send either military equipment or air support until March 1951 . Mao did not find Soviet air support especially useful , as the fighting was going to take place on the south side of the Yalu . Soviet shipments of matériel , when they did arrive , were limited to small quantities of trucks , grenades , machine guns , and the like .",
          "c_entity": [
            "10 october",
            "three months",
            "8 october",
            "march 1951"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cdc6708984140094d1ce_s",
              "question": "When did Stalin agree to support China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1951",
                  "answer_start": 565
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Stalin agree to send China any type of support?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18451_s",
          "context": "The Armenians collective has , at times , constituted a Christian `` island '' in a mostly Muslim region . There is , however , a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims , known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race , while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years . Later on , the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin , the original seat of the Catholicosate . In 1441 , a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi . Therefore , since 1441 , there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges , and with their respective jurisdictions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kirakos virapetsi",
            "krikor moussapegiants",
            "european crusader states",
            "kingdom of cilicia",
            "catholicosate of cilicia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573237dcb9d445190005e8e7_s",
              "question": "Who became a Catholic in 1441?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kirakos Virapetsi",
                  "answer_start": 534
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8049_s",
          "context": "Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented. In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571d3ef05efbb31900334ee9_s",
              "question": "When did the world trade organization adopt the Doha Declaration?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17633_s",
          "context": "The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger . Radio was introduced in 1969 . During German rule , the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority . The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat . During South African rule , the white bias continued , with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the `` South West African '' media system . Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order , critical journalists threatened .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1898",
            "1969",
            "1981"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57310c82a5e9cc1400cdbbe0_s",
              "question": "When does Namibia begin broadcasting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1969",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was radio introduced in Namibia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14560_s",
          "context": "The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus , a Swiss-born German alchemist , who referred to the metal as `` zincum '' or `` zinken '' in his book Liber Mineralium II , in the 16th century . The word is probably derived from the German zinke , and supposedly meant `` tooth-like , pointed or jagged '' -LRB- metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance -RRB- . Yet another possibility is that the word is derived from the Persian word سنگ seng meaning stone . The metal was also called Indian tin , tutanego , calamine , and spinter .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zink",
            "paracelsus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b581a34ae481900deada9_s",
              "question": "Who will be recorded as the first zinc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paracelsus",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is attributed as first documenting zinc?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7034_s",
          "context": "Further desertions of John 's local allies at the beginning of 1203 steadily reduced John 's freedom to manoeuvre in the region . He attempted to convince Pope Innocent III to intervene in the conflict , but Innocent 's efforts were unsuccessful . As the situation became worse for John , with the aim of removing his potential rival and of undermining the rebel movement in Brittany . After this , but modern historians believe he was murdered by John . '' . , who had also been captured at Mirebeau , was kept imprisoned by John for many years , albeit in relatively good conditions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "falaise",
            "margam abbey",
            "arthur",
            "pope innocent iii",
            "eleanor",
            "john"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5572fed7b91900d458d1_s",
              "question": "Who does John want to persuade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Innocent III",
                  "answer_start": 155
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did John attempt to convince?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15970_s",
          "context": ", occupying the area of modern India , Pakistan , Afghanistan , and Tajikistan , to subdue Kashgar and its ally Sogdiana . -- c. 100 AD -RRB- for a marriage alliance with the Han was rejected in AD 90 . The conflict ended with the Kushans withdrawing because of lack of supplies . In AD 91 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sogdiana",
            "vima kadphises",
            "ban chao"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed6c8c246551400ce4706_s",
              "question": "Who is allied with Kashgar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sogdiana",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was allied with Kashgar?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17602_s",
          "context": "The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San , Damara , and Namaqua . Most of the territory became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I . , the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa , which imposed its laws and , its apartheid policy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1878",
            "about the 14th century ad",
            "1948",
            "1910",
            "1920",
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b7f28ab72b1400f9c6f1_s",
              "question": "When did Namibia become the imperial protectorate of Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Namibia become German Imperial protectorate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5912_s",
          "context": ", and reached the quarter-finals . -- 0 up , but were eventually beaten 3 -- 2 after extra time . They failed in qualification for the 1974 , leading to Ramsey 's dismissal , and 1978 FIFA World Cups . Under Ron Greenwood , they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain -LRB- the first time competitively since 1962 -RRB- ; despite not losing a game , they were eliminated in the second group stage .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "spain",
            "germany",
            "west",
            "mexico"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570987d5200fba1400368151_s",
              "question": "Where was the 1982 FIFA World Championship held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spain",
                  "answer_start": 279
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10613_s",
          "context": "At the Abbey Saint-Denis , Noyon Cathedral , simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers . , commenced at the eastern end in 1175 , was the first building in which the designer broke free from Romanesque forms . The architect entirely dispensed with the round arch in favour of the pointed arch and with cylindrical columns in favour of piers composed of clusters of shafts which lead into the mouldings of the arches . The transepts and nave were continued by Adam Locke in the same style and completed in about 1230 . The character of the building is entirely Gothic .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wells cathedral",
            "adam locke",
            "canterbury cathedral"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c5e_s",
              "question": "Who completed the cruise and Wells Cathedral around 1230?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adam Locke",
                  "answer_start": 517
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16171_s",
          "context": "The Red Book audio specification, except for a simple \"anti-copy\" statement in the subcode, does not include any copy protection mechanism. Known at least as early as 2001, attempts were made by record companies to market \"copy-protected\" non-standard compact discs, which cannot be ripped, or copied, to hard drives or easily converted to MP3s. One major drawback to these copy-protected discs is that most will not play on either computer CD-ROM drives or some standalone CD players that use CD-ROM mechanisms. Philips has stated that such discs are not permitted to bear the trademarked Compact Disc Digital Audio logo because they violate the Red Book specifications. Numerous copy-protection systems have been countered by readily available, often free, software.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f757a04bcaa1900d76993_s",
              "question": "When did record companies start trying to protect their CDs from being copied?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did record companies first attempt to protect their CDs from copying?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2213_s",
          "context": "The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexander the great"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3741cffd8e1900b4b680_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for bringing Greek culture to Asia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander the Great",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11946_s",
          "context": "Southern Baptist Landmarkism sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches . While some Landmarkers eventually separated from the Southern Baptist Convention . Its influence continues to affect convention policies . In 2005 , the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "the day",
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            "the 20th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e4514b864d1900163f6c_s",
              "question": "When did the International Mission Committee of the Southern Baptist Church prohibit its missionaries from accepting foreign baptism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 2005",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6718_s",
          "context": "With the other special characters and control codes filled in , ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963 , leaving 28 code positions without any assigned meaning , and one unassigned control code. : 66 : 435 The indecision did not last long : during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7 . The X3 .2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting . Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit , which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "future",
            "october",
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            "may 1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570bf60b6b8089140040faf8_s",
              "question": "When was the conversion to ASCII official?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1963",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the change to ASCII made official?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15365_s",
          "context": "In the late 1980s , and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations , in building neural networks , as well as physical simulations using cellular automata -LRB- such as turbulent fluid flow -RRB- . His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard feynman",
            "stephen wolfram",
            "carl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8d5bc246551400ce4334_s",
              "question": "Who else is working on computer development with Feynman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "His son Carl",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who else worked with Feynman on developing computers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16447_s",
          "context": "Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival , held since 2010 , showcasing the city 's literary and cultural creativity . Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi , the Urdu Academy , the Telugu Academy , the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language , the Comparative Literature Association of India , and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad . Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library , and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam , the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2010",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa6e204bcaa1900d76b41_s",
              "question": "When did Hyderabad Literature Festival begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Hyderabad Literary Festival start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18845_s",
          "context": "The Licchavis from the Indo-Gangetic plain migrated north and defeated the Kiratas , establishing the Licchavi dynasty . During this era , following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka . From Sankhu , they migrated to Yambu and Yengal -LRB- Lanjagwal and Manjupattan -RRB- and established the first permanent Buddhist monasteries of Kathmandu . , which is the only surviving Sanskrit-based Buddhist tradition in the world . With their migration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "koliyas",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57359e82e853931400426a69_s",
              "question": "Who killed the shacks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virudhaka",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who killed the Shakyas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16672_s",
          "context": "At the end of the war , the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire . Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920 . , Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as `` Wilsonian Armenia . '' In addition , just days prior , on 5 August 1920 , the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia , declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "treaty of sèvres",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fac9304bcaa1900d76bcb_s",
              "question": "Who signed the Treaty of Severus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who signed the Treaty of Sevres?"
            }
          ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11221_s",
          "context": "In ancient Greece , the epics of Homer , who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey , and Hesiod , who wrote Works and Days and Theogony , are some of the earliest , and most influential , of Ancient Greek literature . Classical Greek genres included philosophy , poetry , historiography , comedies and dramas . Although drama was popular in Ancient Greece , of the hundreds of tragedies written and performed during the classical age , only a limited number of plays by three authors still exist : Aeschylus , Sophocles , and Euripides . The plays of Aristophanes provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy , the earliest form of Greek Comedy , and are in fact used to define the genre .",
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            "herodotus",
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            {
              "id": "5726cdcbdd62a815002e90c7_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the works of heaven and theology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hesiod",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Works and Days and Theogony?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9116_s",
          "context": "The 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as something of a `` dark age '' in Greek history , with the prospect of overthrowing Ottoman rule appearing remote with only the Ionian islands remaining free of Turkish domination . However , there arose through shipping a wealthy and dispersed Greek merchant class . These merchants came to dominate trade within the Ottoman Empire , establishing communities throughout the Mediterranean , the Balkans , and Western Europe . Though the Ottoman conquest had cut Greece off from significant European intellectual movements such as the Reformation and the Enlightenment , these ideas together with the ideals of the French Revolution and romantic nationalism began to penetrate the Greek world via the mercantile diaspora . , Rigas Feraios , the first revolutionary to envision an independent Greek state , published a series of documents relating to Greek independence , including but not limited to a national anthem and the first detailed map of Greece , in Vienna . -LSB- page needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1537",
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            "the late 18th century",
            "the 18th century",
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            {
              "id": "572636e6271a42140099d78f_s",
              "question": "When is the dark age of Greece considered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16th and 17th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Greece's Dark Ages is thought of as what time periods?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17150_s",
          "context": ", a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar , and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution . The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906 , through the ongoing revolution . The Constitution included the official recognition of Iran 's three religious minorities , namely Christians , Zoroastrians , and Jews , which has remained a basis in the legislation of Iran since then .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300d4fb2c2fd14005687aa_s",
              "question": "When was Iran's first constitution established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1906",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5524_s",
          "context": "The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by India 's Viceroy Lord Irwin .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e39275f01819005e76eb_s",
              "question": "When will New Delhi inaugurate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "13 February 1931",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was New Delhi inaugurated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3357_s",
          "context": "The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s . , the development of the system would be carried out in three steps :",
          "c_entity": [
            "chen fangyun",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fd33231d4119001ac54c_s",
              "question": "Who first proposed the concept of China's satellite navigation system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chen Fangyun and his colleagues",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13329_s",
          "context": "After years of foreign policy coordination and developing ties , Nasser . Its declared purpose was to solidify international non-alignment and promote world peace amid the Cold War , end colonization , and increase economic cooperation among developing countries . In 1964 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572826482ca10214002d9f27_s",
              "question": "Who became the leader of the non aligned movement in 1964?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named leader of the NAM in 1964?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9837_s",
          "context": "Timely 's first publication , among other features . The issue was a great success , with it and a second printing the following month selling , combined , nearly 900,000 copies . While its contents came from an outside packager , Timely had its own staff in place by the following year . The company 's first true editor , writer-artist Joe Simon , Captain America . It , too , proved a hit , with sales of nearly one million . , beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bill everett",
            "timely comics, inc.",
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            "jack kirby",
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            "funnies, inc."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572663b25951b619008f713e_s",
              "question": "Who is the first real full-time editor of Marvel / time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joe Simon",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13732_s",
          "context": "Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God , whereas Panentheism holds that God contains , but is not identical to , the Universe . It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church ; Theosophy ; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism , which believes in panentheism ; Sikhism ; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism , along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations . , Jewish mysticism , paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God -- which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism , particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov -- but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god , not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572857f42ca10214002da2af_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of hashid Judaism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Baal Shem Tov",
                  "answer_start": 575
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8061_s",
          "context": "Drug discovery and development is very expensive ; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards , who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries . , or 21 in total , which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008 . On the other hand , there were only 18 approvals in total in 2007 and 22 back in 2006 . Since 2001 . This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials , as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring . Drugs which fail part-way through this process often incur large costs , while generating no revenue in return . If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account , the cost of developing a successful new drug -LRB- new chemical entity , or NCE -RRB- , has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD -LRB- not including marketing expenses -RRB- . Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012 , however , that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lexchin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae4719499d21900609b91_s",
              "question": "Who published the stable average interest rate in 2012?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Professors Light and Lexchin",
                  "answer_start": 967
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reported the stable average rate in 2012?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6604_s",
          "context": "By summer 1918 , a million American soldiers , or `` doughboys '' as they were often called , of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing , with 25,000 more arriving every week . The failure of Germany 's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives . , the Armistice , ending the war against the western front on November 11 , 1918 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b5c156b8089140040f8c4_s",
              "question": "Who led the American army in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John J. Pershing",
                  "answer_start": 167
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had overall command of the American forces in Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-743_s",
          "context": ", Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial . '' Ewell vows revenge , trying to break into the judge 's house . Finally . , but amid the confusion someone comes to the children 's rescue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom robinson",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d123c417492d1400aaba4b_s",
              "question": "Who attacked the scouts and the justice movement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bob Ewell",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who attacked Scout and Jem?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2254_s",
          "context": "The BBC also introduced Ceefax, the first teletext service, starting in 1974. This service allows BBC viewers to view textual information such as the latest news on their television. CEEFAX has not made a full transition to digital television, instead being replaced by the new interactive BBCi service.",
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            {
              "id": "56de826ccffd8e1900b4b9ad_s",
              "question": "When did ceefax start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 72
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              "original_question": "When was Ceefax launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10328_s",
          "context": ". , then aged almost 70 , claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age , appearance and policies , alongside the headline `` Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain ? '' A year later , in 1984 , The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA . Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term , in January 1985 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael foot",
            "labour party",
            "ronald reagan",
            "the sun"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572685275951b619008f7559_s",
              "question": "Who supported the sun in the US presidential election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ronald Reagan",
                  "answer_start": 290
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?"
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10516_s",
          "context": ". Of the New Critics . Later . Jacques Derrida , the father of deconstruction . , whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific , and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group . ; likewise , a labor historian , advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country . The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cleanth brooks",
            "geoffrey hartman",
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            "allen forte",
            "the latter half of the 20th century",
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            "c. vann woodward",
            "david brion davis",
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            "robert penn warren",
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            "david montgomery",
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            {
              "id": "5726ee7af1498d1400e8f045_s",
              "question": "Who is the father of deconstruction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacques Derrida",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is known as the father of deconstruction?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7990_s",
          "context": "By 1990 , the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census , reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity . With a changing society , more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry . The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity . Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects , as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data . According to the Census Bureau , over 75 % of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dda9db64a571400c71da4_s",
              "question": "When are 12 or more ethnic and racial categories reviewed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Twelve or more categories for race and ethnicity were in the Census by when?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8910_s",
          "context": ", against the Colorado Rockies , the Cubs recorded the 10,000 th regular-season win in their franchise 's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876 . The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465 . Chicago was only the second club in Major League Baseball history to attain this milestone . The Cubs , however , hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city . The Chicago club 's 77 . Post-season series are also not included in the totals . To honor the milestone , the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying `` 10,000 '' in blue , along with the customary `` W '' flag .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1875",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268114708984140094c849_s",
              "question": "When did the National League begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1876",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the beginning of the National League?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10713_s",
          "context": ". Mercury dissolves many metals , such as gold , silver , and tin , to form amalgams -LRB- an alloy in a soft paste , or liquid form at ambient temperature -RRB- . Amalgams have been used since 200 BC in China for plating objects with precious metals , called gilding , such as armor and mirrors . The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor . The amalgam was applied as a paste and then heated until the mercury vaporized , leaving the gold , silver , or tin behind . Mercury was often used in mining , to extract precious metals like gold and silver from their ores .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b5b3f1498d1400e8e861_s",
              "question": "When does amalgam begin to be used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "200 BC",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since when have Amalgams been used?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
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          "context": "Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use.",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the violin appear?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the 16th century",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had the viol emerged by?"
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          "context": "The winner , Taira no Kiyomori , became an imperial advisor , and was the first warrior to attain such a position . He eventually seized control of the central government , establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status . However , the Taira clan was still very conservative when compared to its eventual successor , and instead of expanding or strengthening its military might , the clan had its women marry Emperors and exercise control through the Emperor .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who established the first warrior led government?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Taira no Kiyomori",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the first samurai-led administration?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10712_s",
          "context": ", which was used by the Inuit people . Native copper , however , was found worldwide , along with silver , gold and platinum , which were also used to make tools , jewelry , and other objects since Neolithic times . Copper was the hardest of these metals , and the most widely distributed . It became one of the most important metals to the ancients . Eventually , humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore , and , around 2500 BC , began alloying the two metals to form bronze , which is much harder than its ingredients . Tin was rare , however , being found mostly in Great Britain . , people began alloying copper with zinc to form brass . Ancient civilizations took into account the mixture and the various properties it produced , such as hardness , toughness and melting point , under various conditions of temperature and work hardening , developing much of the information contained in modern alloy phase diagrams . Arrowheads from the Chinese Qin dynasty -LRB- around 200 BC -RRB- were often constructed with a hard bronze-head , but a softer bronze-tang , combining the alloys to prevent both dulling and breaking during use .",
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              "question": "Where do you usually find cans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Great Britain",
                  "answer_start": 591
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is tin mostly found?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12646_s",
          "context": "The National Maritime College of Ireland is also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. The Cork College of Commerce is the largest post-Leaving Certificate college in Ireland and is also the biggest provider of Vocational Preparation and Training courses in the country.[citation needed] Other 3rd level institutions include Griffith College Cork, a private institution, and various other colleges.",
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            {
              "id": "5727e7d23acd2414000def6d_s",
              "question": "Where can you study cork's navigation and ocean subjects?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The National Maritime College of Ireland",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where can one study nautical and marine subjects in Cork?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7530_s",
          "context": "A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment , including Deism and talk of atheism . Deism , is the simple belief in God the Creator , with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source . Instead , the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed , which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time . Atheism was much discussed , but there were few proponents . , `` In fact , very few enlightened intellectuals , even when they were vocal critics of Christianity , were true atheists . Rather , they were critics of orthodox belief , wedded rather to skepticism , deism , vitalism , or perhaps pantheism . '' . Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil , the moral order of society was undermined . That is , and had no fear of eternal consequences , they were far more likely to disrupt society . -- 1706 -RRB- observed that in his day , `` prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of -LSB- religion -RSB- . '' . He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society . , the result would be moral anarchy : every individual `` could have no law but his own will , no end but himself . He would be a god to himself , and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions '' .",
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            {
              "id": "5710a0eda58dae1900cd6adf_s",
              "question": "Who believes that atheists, since they do not give themselves the highest authority and law, would rather disturb society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Voltaire",
                  "answer_start": 689
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3918_s",
          "context": "After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London , eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892 . , with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca4_s",
              "question": "When is London no longer mentioned in the name of Royal College?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1892",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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          "context": "The early 1990s additionally saw the rise in mainstream US popularity for house music. Pop recording artist Madonna's 1990 single \"Vogue\" became an international hit single and topped the US charts. The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5706b68e0eeca41400aa0d7c_s",
              "question": "Who sang the hit single \"fashion\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who sang the hit single \"vogue\"?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13848_s",
          "context": "Since re-establishing independence , Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- In 1994 , based on the economic theories of Milton Friedman , Estonia became one of the first countries to adopt a flat tax , with a uniform rate of 26 % regardless of personal income . In January 2005 , the personal income tax rate was reduced to 24 % . Another reduction to 23 % followed in January 2006 . The income tax rate was decreased to 21 % by January 2008 . The Government of Estonia finalised the design of Estonian euro coins in late 2004 , and adopted the euro as the country 's currency on 1 January 2011 , later than planned due to continued high inflation . A Land Value Tax is levied which is used to fund local municipalities . It is a state level tax , however 100 % of the revenue is used to fund Local Councils . -- 2.5 % . It is one of the most important sources of funding for municipalities . The Land Value Tax is levied on the value of the land only with improvements and buildings not considered . Very few exemptions are considered on the land value tax and even public institutions are subject to the tax . The tax has contributed to a high rate -LRB- ~ 90 % -RRB- of owner-occupied residences within Estonia , compared to a rate of 67.4 % in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c53f4b864d1900164db8_s",
              "question": "Who is the source of uniform tax rate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Milton Friedman",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the source of influence for the flat tax?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13840_s",
          "context": "An important element in Estonia 's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries , especially Finland and Sweden . Indeed , Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts , based on their historical ties with Sweden , Denmark and particularly Finland . In December 1999 , president of Estonia -RRB- Toomas Hendrik Ilves delivered a speech entitled `` Estonia as a Nordic Country '' to the Swedish Institute for International Affairs . , the foreign ministry also hosted an exhibit called `` Estonia : Nordic with a Twist '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728bf712ca10214002da6db_s",
              "question": "When did Thomas Hendrick ilvis give his speech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 1999",
                  "answer_start": 306
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Toomas Hendrik Ilves deliver his speech?"
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          "context": ", June 5 -- 6 , of the Normandy landing . The film was a huge box office success , grossing over $ 481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office -LRB- worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay 's Armageddon -RRB- . The film 's graphic , realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates . Later . The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731939a497a881900249065_s",
              "question": "Who is the director?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Bay",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed 'Armageddon'?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16824_s",
          "context": ", will run until 2016 . , due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £ 30 million payment to the Premier League -- 13 . -- 16 seasons at £ 246 million-a-year . The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £ 760 million-a-year . The total domestic rights have raised £ 3.018 billion -- 13 rights . -- 19 season .",
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              "question": "When does the BBC's weekend show end?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2016",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will the BBC's weekend highlights package run out?"
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        {
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          "context": "The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election . , both from Texas . , the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955 . There were exceptions , for example , with occasional success . However , these exceptions were not enough to right the balance . ''",
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              "question": "Who won the Senate prize in 1954?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Democrats",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won a Senate majority in 1954?"
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          "context": "Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917 . , and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923 . However , the position changed following the revolution , and all lodges were forced to close in 1965 . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
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              "question": "Who is the death penalty for the members of the Freemasons living in Iraq?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saddam Hussein",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the death penalty to Freemasons living in Iraq?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6358_s",
          "context": "The blue and red colours of the shirt were first worn in a match against Hispania in 1900. Several competing theories have been put forth for the blue and red design of the Barcelona shirt. The son of the first president, Arthur Witty, claimed it was the idea of his father as the colours were the same as the Merchant Taylor's School team. Another explanation, according to author Toni Strubell, is that the colours are from Robespierre's First Republic. In Catalonia the common perception is that the colours were chosen by Joan Gamper and are those of his home team, FC Basel. The club's most frequently used change colours have been yellow and orange. An away kit featuring the red and yellow stripes of the flag of Catalonia has also been used.",
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              "question": "When did Barcelona play in blue and red?",
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                  "text": "1900",
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              "original_question": "When were the blue and red colors worn for a game by Barcelona?"
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          "context": "Created by Takashi Okazaki , Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi , or manga series , which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo . In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel -LRB- Denison . The series was produced for American viewers which `` embodies the trend ... comparing hip-hop artists to samurai warriors , an image some rappers claim for themselves -LRB- Solomon . The storyline keeps in tone with the perception of a samurais finding vengeance against someone who has wronged him . Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson , `` Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic , yet . Due to its popularity , Afro Samurai was adopted into a full feature animated film and also became titles on gaming consoles such as the PlayStation 3 and Xbox . Not only has the samurai culture been adopted into animation and video games , it can also be seen in comic books .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572900303f37b31900477f53_s",
              "question": "When did the African warrior fly?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Afro Samurai first air?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2404_s",
          "context": "Plymouth railway station , which opened in 1877 , is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network . Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line . First Great Western have come under fire recently , due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west , which affect Plymouth greatly . Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56df712e5ca0a614008f9a50_s",
              "question": "Who runs Plymouth from the station?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Great Western Railway",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who runs Plymouth's railroad station?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18653_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature . All of the characters in Herman Wouk 's City Boy : The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder -LRB- 1948 -RRB- live in the Bronx , and about half of the action is set there . Kate Simon 's Bronx Primitive : Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical , a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II , and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue . In Jacob M. Appel 's short story , a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter . Similarly , an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood -LRB- Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse -RRB- , and learns that even though the folks are poor , Hispanic and African-American , they are good people .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57326d86b9d445190005eb17_s",
              "question": "When was \"city boy: Adventures of Herbie\" published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8205_s",
          "context": "Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans . In 1775 , an African-American named Prince Hall , along with fourteen other African-Americans , was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland , having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston . When the military Lodge left North America , those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge , but not to initiate Masons . , these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England -LRB- GLE -RRB- and formed African Lodge , Number 459 . , all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls . Thus , separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge , African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge , Number 1 -- and became a de facto `` Grand Lodge '' -LRB- this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa -RRB- . As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry , Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state .",
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              "question": "When was Prince hall framarel founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1775",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?"
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          "context": "Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games . He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone 's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs ' Paul Rugg , Goosebumps : Escape from HorrorLand , Skullmonkeys , Dilbert 's Desktop Games , Goosebumps : Attack of the Mutant -LRB- all 1997 -RRB- , T'ai Fu . : Boom Blox Bash Party -RRB- . , he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig . , Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair . He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts . , Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the skunk released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was 'Skullmonkeys' released?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12190_s",
          "context": "In late February , large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws , lampooned as `` the mastodon of stagnation . '' The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev . On February 26 , 1989 , between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv .",
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              "id": "572816e43acd2414000df43c_s",
              "question": "Who visited Ukraine during the protest?",
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                {
                  "text": "Gorbachev",
                  "answer_start": 211
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place?"
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          "context": "The Caribbean initially provided England 's most important and lucrative colonies , but not before several attempts at colonisation failed . , and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits . The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil , which depended on slave labour , and -- at first -- Dutch ships , to sell the slaves and buy the sugar . To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands . This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces -- a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars -- which would eventually strengthen England 's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch . In 1655 , England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish .",
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              "question": "When did Britain merge Jamaica into Spain?",
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                  "text": "1655",
                  "answer_start": 695
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              "original_question": "When did England annex the island of Jamaica from the Spanish?"
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          "context": "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137 -- 136 BC , but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus -LRB- 29 BC -- 19 BC -RRB- . The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources , most notably gold . Under Roman rule , most Galician hillforts began to be -- sometimes forcibly -- abandoned . Romans brought new technologies , new travel routes , new forms of organizing property , and a new language ; latin . The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps -LRB- castra -RRB- as Aquis Querquennis , roads -LRB- viae -RRB- and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules , in Corunna , but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era , when the gold mines stopped being productive , led to a lesser degree of Romanization . In the 3rd century it was made a province , under the name Gallaecia , which included also northern Portugal , Asturias , and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b0de2ca10214002d93f6_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the Roman Legion when they first came to Galicia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Decimus Junius Brutus",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-57_s",
          "context": "Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in June 2005 , she released her second solo album , which contained hits `` Déjà Vu '' , `` Irreplaceable '' , and `` Beautiful Liar '' . Beyoncé also ventured into acting . , I Am . Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album , was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d43da72ccc5a1400d830bd_s",
              "question": "When did the children of destiny end their collective action?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2005",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Destiny's Child end their group act?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6401_s",
          "context": "Old English was not static , some time after the Norman invasion . While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process , Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150 , a period of full inflections , a synthetic language . Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use , but those that survived , to be sure , are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "the late 11th century"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a85de6d058f1900182f39_s",
              "question": "When was old English used after Albert bauf?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "450 to 1150",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "According to Albert Baugh, what was the period in which Old English was used?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . In the 1979 film The Warriors , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c8b0fdd8d15006c6ac0_s",
              "question": "When was the film \"the Tramp\" published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Wanderers' movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18061_s",
          "context": "The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy , covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae . This huge work was executed between 1176 and 1186 by the order of King William II of Sicily . Another panel shows the king offering the model of the cathedral to the Theotokos .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316c1d05b4da19006bd129_s",
              "question": "Who was crowned by Christ in the monara mosaic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King William II",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is displayed getting crowned by christ in the Monreale mosaics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9994_s",
          "context": "In Evita -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón . For a long time . She said later , `` This is the role I was born to play . I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie . It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time ... . And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done . '' After securing the role , she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón . During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required . However , she was also pregnant during the filming : `` I was winded after every take . I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells , I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way . '' Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time : `` Ironically , this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "evita",
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            {
              "id": "5726d16c708984140094d225_s",
              "question": "Who is Madonna in the movie \"Evita\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eva Perón",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In the film Evita, who did Madonna play?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17470_s",
          "context": "In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region. A similarly redesigned Super Famicom Jr. was released in Japan at around the same time.",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1997"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ad472461fd1900a9cf81_s",
              "question": "When was sns-101 published in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1997",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the SNS-101 released in the US?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12964_s",
          "context": "Within the city of Detroit . The DMC , a regional Level I trauma center . The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians . It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit . , the largest single-campus medical school in the United States , and the United States ' fourth largest medical school overall .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hutzel women's hospital",
            "wayne state university school of medicine",
            "st. john health system",
            "john d. dingell va medical center",
            "kresge eye institute, rehabilitation institute",
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            "detroit medical center",
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            "dmc",
            "children's hospital",
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            "detroit receiving hospital and university health center",
            "sinai-grace hospital"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dd4c2ca10214002da9cc_s",
              "question": "Who is Detroit's largest private employer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DMC",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the largest private employer in Detroit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6748_s",
          "context": "The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI . Along with his deputies , the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly . The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents . Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks , the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI . Since then , who in turn reports to the President .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c25306b8089140040fb6b_s",
              "question": "Who informed the president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "FBI director",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who used to brief the President?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5801_s",
          "context": ", a former member of Cybotron , released Model 500 `` No UFOs '' in 1985 , which became a regional hit , followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat . , a darker , more intellectual strain of house . `` Techno-Scratch '' was released by the Knights Of The Turntable in 1984 which had a similar techno sound to Cybotron . , Tony Wilson , also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show . The Midlands also embraced the late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird .",
          "c_entity": [
            "derrick may",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b4af0eeca41400aa0d5f_s",
              "question": "Who is the manager of the club and the co owner of the estate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tony Wilson",
                  "answer_start": 320
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6912_s",
          "context": "The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, however, although a reference to the death of Mary are made in Munificentissimus Deus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1950"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1c_s",
              "question": "When did Catholicism define ascension?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1950",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Assumption dogmatically define by the Catholic Church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2959_s",
          "context": "Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his \"harmonic telegraph\".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9c01_s",
              "question": "Where is Bell's home?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brantford",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Bell's home?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8152_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 1882 , Roderick Maclean , shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station . , until he was hustled away by a policeman . , but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was `` worth being shot at -- to see how much one is loved '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who killed Queen Victoria?",
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                  "text": "Roderick Maclean",
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Who shot Queen Victoria?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6380_s",
          "context": "Current manager , is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939 . There have also been four caretaker managers , and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee . The club 's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick , who was in charge of the team from 1961 -- 73 , taking in 594 first team matches . , who won two Division One championships , the 1984 FA Cup , the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570a85536d058f1900182f24_s",
              "question": "Who is Everton's longest coach?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harry Catterick",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Everton FC team's longest serving manager?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10758_s",
          "context": "In May 1778 , Burke supported a parliamentary motion revising restrictions on Irish trade . His constituents , citizens of the great trading city of Bristol , however urged Burke to oppose free trade with Ireland . Burke resisted their protestations and said : `` If , from this conduct , I shall forfeit their suffrages at an ensuing election , that one man at least had dared to resist the desires of his constituents when his judgment assured him they were wrong '' .",
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            {
              "id": "5726a3d15951b619008f78af_s",
              "question": "When did Burke put forward a motion to restrict Irish trade?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1778",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Burke make a motion to restrict Irish trade?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18057_s",
          "context": "The last great period of Roman mosaic art was the 12th , free from the strict rules of eastern tradition and with a more realistic portrayal of figures in the space . Well-known works of this period are the floral mosaics of the Basilica di San Clemente , the façade of Santa Maria in Trastevere and San Paolo fuori le Mura . , the first example of this iconographic scheme . A similar mosaic , the Coronation of the Virgin , decorates the apse of Santa Maria Maggiore . -- 94 were thoroughly restored in 1884 . The apse mosaic of San Crisogono is attributed to Pietro Cavallini . These mosaics are praised for their realistic portrayal and attempts of perspective . The church belonged to the Order of the Trinitarians which was devoted to ransoming Christian slaves .",
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            {
              "id": "5731671005b4da19006bd11f_s",
              "question": "When did the mosaic of toriti and Jacob fully recover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1884",
                  "answer_start": 502
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the mosaics at Torriti and Jacopo fully restored?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7871_s",
          "context": "Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople , an Arian bishop , George of Cappadocia , was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria . Athanasius , after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city , finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt , where he remained for a period of six years , living the life of the monks , devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings ; `` Apology to Constantius '' , the `` Apology for his Flight '' , the `` Letter to the Monks '' , and the `` History of the Arians '' .",
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              "id": "57195bbec0b6ea1900a093df_s",
              "question": "Who took over Athanasius?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George of Cappadocia",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over after Athanasius?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9411_s",
          "context": "; high-volume one-way roads that cross , in theory , Mexico City proper from side to side . The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid , with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente , Eje Central , and Eje 1 Oriente , for example , for the north-south roads , and Eje 2 Sur and Eje 3 Norte , for example , for east-west roads . Ring roads are the Circuito Interior -LRB- inner ring -RRB- , Anillo Periférico ; the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense -LRB- `` State of Mexico outer loop '' -RRB- toll road skirting the northeastern and eastern edges of the metropolitan area , the Chamapa-La Venta toll road skirting the northwestern edge , and the Arco Norte completely bypassing the metropolitan area in an arc from northwest -LRB- Atlacomulco -RRB- to north -LRB- Tula , Hidalgo -RRB- to east -LRB- Puebla -RRB- . , colloquially called the segundo piso -LRB- `` second floor '' -RRB- , was officially opened in 2012 , with sections still being completed . The Viaducto Miguel Alemán crosses the city east-west from Observatorio to the airport . , a toll road linking the new Santa Fe business district with southwestern Mexico City .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572694bef1498d1400e8e468_s",
              "question": "When are these secondary streets open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 927
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were these second level roads opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11848_s",
          "context": "Richard Sander claims that by artificially elevating minority students into schools they otherwise would not be capable of attending , this discourages them and tends to engender failure and high dropout rates for these students . For example , about half of black college students rank in the bottom 20 percent of their classes , black law school graduates are four times as likely to fail bar exams as are whites , and interracial friendships are more likely to form among students with relatively similar levels of academic preparation ; thus , blacks and Hispanics are more socially integrated on campuses where they are less academically mismatched . He claims that the supposed `` beneficiaries '' of affirmative action -- minorities -- do not actually benefit and rather are harmed by the policy . Sander 's claims have been disputed , and his empirical analyses have been subject to substantial criticism . At the same time many scholars have found that minorities gain substantially from affirmative action .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572749b4708984140094dbc3_s",
              "question": "Who can say that schools have a negative impact on them by artificially including ethnic minorities in schools?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Sander",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claims that artificially raising minority students into schools has a negative effect on them?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10066_s",
          "context": "The administration of London is formed of two tiers -- a city-wide , strategic tier and a local tier . , while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities . The GLA consists of two elected components ; the Mayor of London , who has executive powers , which scrutinises the mayor 's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor 's budget proposals each year . The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall , Southwark ; the mayor is Boris Johnson . The mayor 's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan , which was most recently revised in 2011 . They are responsible for most local services , such as local planning , schools , social services , local roads and refuse collection . Certain functions , such as waste management , are provided through joint arrangements . In 2009 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572809233acd2414000df2e5_s",
              "question": "Who is the current mayor of London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Boris Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current Mayor of London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14467_s",
          "context": "Glass remained a luxury material , and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt . In ancient China , though , glassmaking seems to have a late start , compared to ceramics and metal work . The term glass developed in the late Roman Empire . It was in the Roman glassmaking center at Trier , that the late-Latin term glesum originated , probably from a Germanic word for a transparent , lustrous substance . Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman empire in domestic , industrial and funerary contexts . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
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            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293c473f37b31900478152_s",
              "question": "Where does the glass house start later?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "China",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did glasswork begin relatively late?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11661_s",
          "context": "Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals. It helped to install natural history as a separate field, gave base for ecology and was based on the role model of scientist, naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt. The later 19th century positivism asserted that all authentic knowledge allows verification and that all authentic knowledge assumes that the only valid knowledge is scientific.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572835be2ca10214002da0d7_s",
              "question": "Who is the model of Humboldt science?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander von Humboldt",
                  "answer_start": 317
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the model for Humboldtian science?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12596_s",
          "context": "The primary responsibility for a boy 's studies lies with his House Master , but he is assisted by an additional director of studies , known as a tutor . Classes , colloquially known as `` divs '' -LRB- divisions -RRB- , are organised on a School basis ; the classrooms are separate from the houses . Despite the introduction of modern technology , the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time .",
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            {
              "id": "5727be06ff5b5019007d93fd_s",
              "question": "Who is the primary responsibility of students' learning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "House Master",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14292_s",
          "context": "In classical Greece , Anaxagoras asserted that a divine reason -LRB- mind -RRB- gave order to the seeds of the universe , `` ideas '' -RRB- . The forms on earth are imperfect duplicates of the intellectual celestial ideas . The Greek words oida -LRB- οἶδα , '' -LRB- I -RRB- know '' -RRB- and eidos -LRB- εἶδος , `` species '' -RRB- have the same root as the word idea -LRB- ἰδέα -RRB- , indicating how the Greek mind moved from the gift of the senses , to the principles beyond the senses . The Greek sculptors considered the senses more important , and the proportions were used to unite the sensible with the intellectual .",
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            {
              "id": "5728e66b4b864d190016505a_s",
              "question": "Who says a sacred reason gives the seed order of the universe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anaxagoras",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who asserted that a divine reason gave order to the seeds of the universe?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15012_s",
          "context": ", he and his wife bought a house in Belvidere , Lowell . He spent some time working as a fundraiser for the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere -LRB- CARE -RRB- , an international humanitarian organization . In September 1973 , he entered Boston College Law School . While studying , Kerry worked as a talk radio host on WBZ and , was named executive director of Mass Action , a Massachusetts advocacy association .",
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            {
              "id": "572abb31111d821400f38d0d_s",
              "question": "When did Kerry go to law school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1973",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did Kerry enter law school?"
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        {
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          "context": "The Ems telegram had exactly the effect on French public opinion that Bismarck had intended. \"This text produced the effect of a red flag on the Gallic bull\", Bismarck later wrote. Gramont, the French foreign minister, declared that he felt \"he had just received a slap\". The leader of the monarchists in Parliament, Adolphe Thiers, spoke for moderation, arguing that France had won the diplomatic battle and there was no reason for war, but he was drowned out by cries that he was a traitor and a Prussian. Napoleon's new prime minister, Emile Ollivier, declared that France had done all that it could humanly and honorably do to prevent the war, and that he accepted the responsibility \"with a light heart.\" A crowd of 15–20,000 people, carrying flags and patriotic banners, marched through the streets of Paris, demanding war. On 19 July 1870 a declaration of war was sent to the Prussian government. The southern German states immediately sided with Prussia.",
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            {
              "id": "570d2d98fed7b91900d45cc9_s",
              "question": "When did France issue a declaration of war to the Prussian government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "19 July 1870",
                  "answer_start": 833
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date did France issue a declaration of war to the Prussian government?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1767_s",
          "context": ". Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who has a tradition of calling the prime minister someone other than the prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis XIV",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3731_s",
          "context": ", modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright . , a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e8fd2b99e8941900975f59_s",
              "question": "Who made the model of the paintings in the museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "sculptor Patience Wright",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who modelled the effigies in the museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8442_s",
          "context": "Napoleon 's triumph at Marengo secured his political authority and boosted his popularity back home , but it did not lead to an immediate peace . Bonaparte 's brother , Joseph , led the complex negotiations in Lunéville and reported that Austria , emboldened by British support . As negotiations became increasingly fractious , Bonaparte gave orders to his general Moreau to strike Austria once more . As a result , the Austrians capitulated and signed the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1801 .",
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              "question": "Where are the negotiations with Austria under the leadership of the Napoleon brothers?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where did the negotiations with Austria led by Napoleon's brother take place?"
            }
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          "context": "The Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly decided to hold a referendum on the proposal . On 8 May 2015 , voters were asked if Norfolk Islanders should freely determine their political status and their economic , social and cultural development . 68 % out of 912 voters voted in favour . The Norfolk Island Chief Minister , Lisle Snell , said that `` the referendum results blow a hole in Canberra 's assertion that the reforms introduced before the Australian Parliament that propose abolishing the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Parliament were overwhelmingly supported by the people of Norfolk Island '' .",
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            {
              "id": "5726bb03dd62a815002e8e7e_s",
              "question": "When did the Norfolk Island legislature vote on Australia's reform proposals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "8 May 2015",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When did the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island vote regarding the proposed Australian reforms?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5110_s",
          "context": "In ring-porous woods each season's growth is always well defined, because the large pores formed early in the season abut on the denser tissue of the year before.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When can denser tissue come out of new pores?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the year before",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does the denser tissue the new pores abut come from?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18375_s",
          "context": "In the original city plan , the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station . , located at the western end of the Eixo Monumental . The Central Bus Station also contains a main metro station . A new bus station was opened in July 2010 . , and it 's also an inter-state bus station .",
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              "question": "Where does Brazil want to stop the interstate bus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Central Station",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Brasilia's plan want interstate buses to stop?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15517_s",
          "context": "His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery . The segment , `` Eyes , '' starred Joan Crawford ; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death . The episode is unusual in his body of work , in that the camerawork is more highly stylized than his later , more `` mature '' films . After this , M.D. , Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment : an episode of The Name of the Game called `` L.A. 2017 '' . : Counselor at Law and The Psychiatrist , before landing the first series episode of Columbo -LRB- previous episodes were actually TV films -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who performed in Spielberg's TV debut?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joan Crawford",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in Spielberg's TV debut?"
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10783_s",
          "context": "In November 1795 . , Arthur Young ; but he failed to complete it . These fragments were inserted into the memorandum after his death and published posthumously in 1800 as , Thoughts and Details on Scarcity . In it . , and set out what the limits of government should be :",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is the Secretary of the agriculture committee?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Arthur Young",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture?"
            }
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18742_s",
          "context": "In the United States , August Vollmer introduced other reforms , including education requirements for police officers . , a student of Vollmer , helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita , Kansas . , establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force , a strict merit system for promotions within the department , and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers . During the professionalism era of policing , law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime , rather than broader focus on crime prevention .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5732c3521d5d2e14009ff8a2_s",
              "question": "Who is o.w. Wilson's student?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August Vollmer",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was O.W. Wilson a student of?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6142_s",
          "context": "Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley , and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast . There are a number of variations including Baltic porter , dry stout , and Imperial stout . The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London . This same beer later also became known as stout . The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was Porter first used to drink black beer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1721",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
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              "original_question": "In what year was the name Porter first used for a dark beer?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12960_s",
          "context": "Sacred Heart Major Seminary , originally founded in 1919 , is affiliated with Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas , Angelicum in Rome and offers pontifical degrees as well as civil undergraduate and graduate degrees . Sacred Heart Major Seminary offers a variety of academic programs for both clerical and lay students . Other institutions in the city include the College for Creative Studies , Lewis College of Business , Marygrove College and Wayne County Community College . , the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine which is based in East Lansing opened a satellite campus located at the Detroit Medical Center . , University of Michigan -- Dearborn was established in neighboring Dearborn .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d9ff3acd2414000e003a_s",
              "question": "When was the main seminar of the Sacred Heart established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1919",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Sacred Heart Major Seminary founded?"
            }
          ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2860_s",
          "context": ". `` We located the family planning offices , and in that family planning office , we located the UNFPA office . However . In addition , speaking for European democracies -- Norway , Denmark , Sweden , Finland , the Netherlands , France , Belgium , Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated , '' UNFPA 's activities in China , as in the rest of the world , and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor , the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms . ''",
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            {
              "id": "56df6e4a5ca0a614008f9a1b_s",
              "question": "Who also defends UNFPA on behalf of European democracies?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the United Kingdom",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10742_s",
          "context": "The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia . In 2012 , immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency ; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme .",
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              "question": "When did Norfolk relax immigration regulations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2012",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
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              "original_question": "When were the immigration protocols relaxed in Norfolk Island?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16540_s",
          "context": "In 1994 , responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain : -LRB- 1 -RRB- region of the body involved -LRB- e.g. abdomen , lower limbs -RRB- , -LRB- 2 -RRB- system whose dysfunction may be causing the pain -LRB- e.g. , nervous , gastrointestinal -RRB- , -LRB- 3 -RRB- duration and pattern of occurrence , -LRB- 4 -RRB- intensity and time since onset , and -LRB- 5 -RRB- etiology . However , this system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment . Woolf suggests three classes of pain : -LRB- 1 -RRB- nociceptive pain , -LRB- 2 -RRB- inflammatory pain which is associated with tissue damage and the infiltration of immune cells , and -LRB- 3 -RRB- pathological pain which is a disease state caused by damage to the nervous system or by its abnormal function -LRB- e.g. fibromyalgia , irritable bowel syndrome , tension type headache , etc. -RRB- .",
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              "id": "572f5441a23a5019007fc549_s",
              "question": "Who criticized the IASP system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clifford J. Woolf and others",
                  "answer_start": 454
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who has criticized the IASP's system?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8184_s",
          "context": "Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as \"Mrs. Brown\". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is Victoria's servant John Brown from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scotland",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was John brown, Victorias manservant, from?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-356_s",
          "context": ", writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism . According to him , the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a `` mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron , '' respectively . He adds that `` Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans , it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56ce2752aab44d1400b884d5_s",
              "question": "Who is the governor of the Sakya regime?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the  vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3210_s",
          "context": "In 1671 , Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids , which results in the production of hydrogen gas . In 1766 , by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction `` flammable air '' . He speculated that `` flammable air '' was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called `` phlogiston '' and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned . He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element . In 1783 - hydro meaning `` water '' and .",
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              "question": "Who found hydrogen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Boyle",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered Hydrogen gas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17890_s",
          "context": "Even though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office , they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service . It was not until 1861 -- a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition -- that the Qing government bowed to foreign pressure and created a proper foreign affairs office known as the Zongli Yamen . However , as dealings with foreigners became increasingly complicated and frequent , the office grew in size and importance , aided by revenue from customs duties which came under its direct jurisdiction .",
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              "id": "57315596497a881900248e02_s",
              "question": "Who completed the task before the establishment of Zongli Yamen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who performed the tasks of the Zongli Yamen before it was created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13798_s",
          "context": ". , the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong . However , Smith died from a heart attack in May 1994 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572876fb3acd2414000dfa28_s",
              "question": "When did Smith die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1994",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Smith die?"
            }
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          "context": "Regarding the timing of German rapprochement , whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany , removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany . '' , association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain , and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin , his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany . -LSB- f -RSB- Likewise , Molotov 's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers . The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany . , while Molotov 's `` modus operandi '' was `` more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan . '' , 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany , namely Molotov . , but that they did not abandon British -- French talks . -- French talks .",
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              "id": "5726dfa9708984140094d44b_s",
              "question": "Who was ordered to remove Jews from the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Molotov",
                  "answer_start": 422
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was ordered to remove the Jews from the Ministry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5201_s",
          "context": "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis . It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban , after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design . , the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic . The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag 's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960",
            "1954"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56faea72f34c681400b0c18d_s",
              "question": "When was the Somali flag invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Somali flag invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10016_s",
          "context": "In 2012, Madonna performed at Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, visualized by Cirque Du Soleil and Jamie King and featured special guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and Cee Lo Green. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself. It was also revealed that the singer had signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, who would act as the distributor in partnership with her 360 deal with Live Nation. Her twelfth studio album, MDNA, was released in March 2012 and saw collaboration with various producers, most notably with William Orbit again and Martin Solveig. The album was well received by music critics, with Priya Elan from NME calling it \"a ridiculously enjoyable romp\", citing its \"psychotic, soul-bearing stuff\" as \"some of the most visceral stuff she's ever done.\" MDNA debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and many other countries worldwide. Madonna surpassed Elvis Presley's record for the most number-one album by a solo artist in the UK. The lead single \"Give Me All Your Luvin'\", featuring guest vocals from Minaj and M.I.A., became Madonna's record-extending 38th top-ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100.",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726eb73708984140094d5f7_s",
              "question": "When was MDNA published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2012",
                  "answer_start": 527
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was MDNA released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15244_s",
          "context": "The scope of the term `` post-punk '' has been subject to controversy . While some critics , have employed the term `` post-punk '' to denote `` a more adventurous and arty form of punk '' , others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any unifying style . , suggesting that `` what unites all this activity is a set of open-ended imperatives : innovation ; willful oddness ; the willful jettisoning of all things precedented or ` rock 'n' roll ' '' . Nicholas Lezard , problematizing the categorization of post-punk as a genre , described the movement as `` so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "simon reynolds",
            "stephen thomas erlewine",
            "nicholas lezard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572d388fb0a7fe1900521138_s",
              "question": "Who says \"so diverse that only the most widely used word is possible\" is related to post punk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas Lezard",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said \"so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible\" with regards to post-punk?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11086_s",
          "context": ". , while the men 's basketball team shares the PNC Arena with the Carolina Hurricanes hockey club . The Wolfpack women 's basketball , volleyball , and gymnastics as well as men 's wrestling events are held on campus at Reynolds Coliseum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "reynolds coliseum",
            "raleigh",
            "carter-finley stadium",
            "doak field",
            "north carolina state university",
            "carolina hurricanes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ba1add62a815002e8e5a_s",
              "question": "Where are the men at North Carolina State University competing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Reynolds Coliseum",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does North Carolina State University men's wrestling compete?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-850_s",
          "context": ", followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead . To date the country 's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country 's east . However . In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan , as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR -LRB- magazine online -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 2010",
            "august",
            "october",
            "2015",
            "september",
            "july 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b195d058e614000b6086_s",
              "question": "When did Russia say it would increase its troops to Tajikistan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2015",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Russia say they will be sending more troops to Tajikistan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16670_s",
          "context": "Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day . The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides . According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee , an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915 -- 16 -RRB- . This figure , however , accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916 . The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million .",
          "c_entity": [
            "international association of genocide scholars",
            "arnold j. toynbee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa947947a6a140053cb29_s",
              "question": "Who prepared a report on the Armenian genocide?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arnold J. Toynbee",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who put together a report about the Armenian Genocide?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9122_s",
          "context": "All Greeks were united , however , in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire , regardless of the dialect they spoke . Especially in Crete . When war broke out between Russia and the Ottomans in 1877 , Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia 's side , but Greece was too poor , and too concerned of British intervention , to officially enter the war . Nevertheless , Thessaly and small parts of Epirus were ceded to Greece as part of the Treaty of Berlin , while frustrating Greek hopes of receiving Crete .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1881",
            "1869",
            "1877",
            "1866"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572641f389a1e219009ac61c_s",
              "question": "When did the war between Russia and the Ottoman empire begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1877",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13322_s",
          "context": "In the fall of 1958 , al-Hawrani . By moving the latter two , who were Ba'athists , to Cairo , he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run . He put Syria under Sarraj , who effectively reduced the province to a police state by imprisoning and exiling landholders who objected to the introduction of Egyptian agricultural reform in Syria , as well as communists . On 25 March 1959 -- Syrian border and compromised on an end to the Lebanese crisis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nasser",
            "fuad chehab",
            "salah bitar",
            "zakaria mohieddin",
            "sarraj",
            "uar"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821723acd2414000df527_s",
              "question": "Who does Nasser appoint to lead Syria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sarraj",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Nasser appoint to run Syria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15315_s",
          "context": "In early 1758 , Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia . , Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia . It marked the end of his final attempt to launch a major invasion of Austrian territory . , although Frederick did not see the Russians as an immediate threat and instead entertained hopes of first fighting a decisive battle against Austria that would knock them out of the war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "olomouc",
            "czech republic",
            "domstadtl",
            "east prussia",
            "moravia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ec79bcb0c0d14000f1550_s",
              "question": "Where did Frederick enter 1758",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Frederick invade in 1758"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13242_s",
          "context": "The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting \"Indo-Muslim\" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning \"horde\" or \"camp\" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240).",
          "c_entity": [
            "razia sultana"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57289c362ca10214002da4c1_s",
              "question": "Who is the only female Sultan to rule the Islamic Empire of India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Razia Sultana",
                  "answer_start": 836
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only female sultana to be enthroned in a Indo-Islamic empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16577_s",
          "context": "As computers grew in speed and capability , a number of general-purpose database systems emerged . Interest in a standard began to grow , and Charles Bachman , author of one such product , the Integrated Data Store -LRB- IDS -RRB- , founded the `` Database Task Group '' within CODASYL , the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL . In 1971 the Database Task Group delivered their standard , which generally became known as the `` CODASYL approach '' , and soon a number of commercial products based on this approach entered the market .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "the mid-1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f661fa23a5019007fc5d1_s",
              "question": "When was the standard agreement concluded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the standard protocol completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15972_s",
          "context": "-- 88 AD -RRB- reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house . Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans . , Emperor He -LRB- r. 88 -- 105 AD -RRB- had Empress Dowager Dou -LRB- d. 97 AD -RRB- put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power . This was in revenge for Dou 's purging of the clan of his natural mother -- and then concealing her identity from him . After Emperor He 's death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhang",
            "deng sui",
            "dowager dou",
            "zheng zhong",
            "qiang",
            "liang"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ede7cc246551400ce4758_s",
              "question": "Who was stopped from leaving his house?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Empress Dowager Dou",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was prevented from leaving their house?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16847_s",
          "context": "Despite early victories , Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable . Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy . Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army , Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula -LRB- hence the term `` Pyrrhic victory '' -RRB- . In 275 BC , Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum . , Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns . Seeing little hope for further gains , he withdrew completely from Italy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beneventum",
            "pyrrhus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd193b2c2fd140056849f_s",
              "question": "Who lost a lot in the battle with the Roman army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pyrrhus",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10480_s",
          "context": "Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven , Connecticut . , the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States . The school was renamed Yale College in 1718 in recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale , who was governor of the British East India Company . Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "1887",
            "1701",
            "1777",
            "1861",
            "1718"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268a89dd62a815002e88c5_s",
              "question": "When did the college change its name to Yale University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1718",
                  "answer_start": 230
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10021_s",
          "context": "Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album , with collaborators including Avicii , Diplo and Natalia Kills . In December 2014 , thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet . She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release , while the other half had `` changed and evolved '' . The album , titled Rebel Heart . , she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album , where she also performed a one-off show for her fans . It grossed a total of $ 169.8 million from the 82 shows , with over 1.045 million ticket sales . While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie , over the custody of her son Rocco . The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there , while Madonna wanted him to return with her . Court hearings took place in both New York and London , and after multiple deliberations , Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody , and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 2016",
            "december 2014",
            "march 10, 2015",
            "september 2015",
            "23 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f074708984140094d68b_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna's album show go live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2014",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7596_s",
          "context": "Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children , grandchildren and great grandchildren , her coronation in 1953 , and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver , respectively . Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father , aged 56 ; the assassination of Prince Philip 's uncle , Lord Mountbatten , Diana , Princess of Wales . Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and severe press criticism of the royal family , but support for the monarchy and her personal popularity remain high .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "1992",
            "2002",
            "and 2012",
            "1953",
            "1997"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fa2005ab6b81900390f3f_s",
              "question": "When was Elizabeth's coronation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Elizabeth's coronation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8078_s",
          "context": "Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan . Six months later in the same year , in the interest of peace , Hasan ibn Ali , highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker , and the Second Imam for the Shias , made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I . In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty , Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure , and after his death he not establish a dynasty . This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis , and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph . Following this , with its capital in Damascus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mu'awiyah",
            "muhammad",
            "hasan ibn ali"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a9f4110f8ca14003051c3_s",
              "question": "Who made up with muavia I?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hasan ibn Ali",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made peace with Muawiyah I?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13425_s",
          "context": ". It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council . They are all appointed for non-renewable terms of eight years . They are appointed `` from among persons of recognised standing and professional experience in monetary or banking matters by common accord of the governments of the Member States at the level of Heads of State or Government , on a recommendation from the Council . The Executive Board normally meets every Tuesday .",
          "c_entity": [
            "executive board",
            "mario draghi",
            "bank",
            "governing council",
            "european parliament",
            "vitor constâncio"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae4_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for monitoring monetary policy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Executive Board",
                  "answer_start": 453
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for overseeing all monetary policy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1330_s",
          "context": "Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jena irene",
            "caleb johnson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db3123e7c41114004b4f13_s",
              "question": "Who won this idol season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caleb Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won this season of Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13456_s",
          "context": "St. John 's has a humid continental climate -LRB- Köppen Dfb -RRB- , with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude , which is due to Gulf Stream moderation . However , despite this maritime moderation . Mean temperatures range from − 4.9 °C -LRB- 23.2 °F -RRB- in February to 16.1 °C -LRB- 61.0 °F -RRB- in August , showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate . The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity , where tropical storms -LRB- and sometimes hurricanes -RRB- travel from the United States . This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eastern",
            "pacific",
            "atlantic ocean",
            "canada",
            "british columbia",
            "united states",
            "kelowna",
            "st. john"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281785ff5b5019007d9d0a_s",
              "question": "Where is St. John's tropical tower from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5246_s",
          "context": "The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions , migrations , and raids by external foes . In 911 , the Viking chieftain Rollo -LRB- d. c. 931 -RRB- received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple -LRB- r. 898 -- 922 -RRB- to settle in what became Normandy . -LSB- Q -RSB- The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms . The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states , as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlantic",
            "italy",
            "iceland",
            "germany",
            "lechfeld",
            "normandy",
            "sicily",
            "isles"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4c_s",
              "question": "Where did the Vikings settle in modern France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Normandy",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1481_s",
          "context": "Tanzania : Dar es Salaam was the torch 's only stop in Africa , on April 13 . The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway , and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke . The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein . About a thousand people followed the relay , waving the Olympic flag . The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai 's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers , in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "april 13",
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d966bbdc89441400fdb3ed_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 13",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8805_s",
          "context": "The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when , in 1913 . This new , refaced principal façade -LRB- of Portland stone -RRB- was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial , a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria , placed outside the main gates . , had a more serious personality than his father ; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties . He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band -LRB- 1919 -RRB- -- the first jazz performance for a head of state , which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a -LRB- Kind of -RRB- Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom . , and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art , both restoring and adding to it . Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed , dating from 1810 , which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room , the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade . Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room . This room , 69 feet -LRB- 21 metres -RRB- long , previously known as the South Drawing Room , coffered with huge gilt console brackets .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f47f38643c19005acf05_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of decorating the blue living room?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Queen Mary",
                  "answer_start": 933
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for decorating The Blue Drawing Room?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17873_s",
          "context": "Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in order to preserve Confucian values. Zeng Guofan, in alliance with Prince Gong, sponsored the rise of younger officials such as Li Hongzhang, who put the dynasty back on its feet financially and instituted the Self-Strengthening Movement. The reformers then proceeded with institutional reforms, including China's first unified ministry of foreign affairs, the Zongli Yamen; allowing foreign diplomats to reside in the capital; establishment of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service; the formation of modernized armies, such as the Beiyang Army, as well as a navy; and the purchase from Europeans of armament factories. ",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731486605b4da19006bcfbe_s",
              "question": "When was Tongzhi in power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Tongzhi take power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-61_s",
          "context": "At age eight . They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl 's Tyme , and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston . After seeing the group , R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search , the largest talent show on national TV at the time . Girl 's Tyme failed to win . , and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments . , only to be cut by the company . This put further strain on the family . On October 5 , 1995 . In 1996 , and shortly after .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlanta records",
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            "mathew",
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            "arne frager"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e7_s",
              "question": "Who put the girl's eardrum in the star search?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arne Frager",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who placed Girl's Tyme in Star Search?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14550_s",
          "context": ", tooth -RRB- . German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746 . Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron -LRB- hot-dip galvanizing -RRB- is the major application for zinc . Other applications are in batteries , small non-structural castings , and alloys , such as brass . A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used , such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate -LRB- as dietary supplements -RRB- , zinc chloride -LRB- in deodorants -RRB- , zinc pyrithione -LRB- anti-dandruff shampoos -RRB- , zinc sulfide -LRB- in luminescent paints -RRB- , and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory .",
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            {
              "id": "572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6c_s",
              "question": "Who found pure metal zinc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andreas Sigismund Marggraf",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered pure metallic zinc?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6303_s",
          "context": "Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the patients were unable to interpret their physiological arousal as an experienced emotion. Schachter did agree that physiological reactions played a big role in emotions. He suggested that physiological reactions contributed to emotional experience by facilitating a focused cognitive appraisal of a given physiologically arousing event and that this appraisal was what defined the subjective emotional experience. Emotions were thus a result of two-stage process: general physiological arousal, and experience of emotion. For example, the physiological arousal, heart pounding, in a response to an evoking stimulus, the sight of a bear in the kitchen. The brain then quickly scans the area, to explain the pounding, and notices the bear. Consequently, the brain interprets the pounding heart as being the result of fearing the bear. With his student, Jerome Singer, Schachter demonstrated that subjects can have different emotional reactions despite being placed into the same physiological state with an injection of epinephrine. Subjects were observed to express either anger or amusement depending on whether another person in the situation (a confederate) displayed that emotion. Hence, the combination of the appraisal of the situation (cognitive) and the participants' reception of adrenaline or a placebo together determined the response. This experiment has been criticized in Jesse Prinz's (2004) Gut Reactions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a71734103511400d59716_s",
              "question": "When was Jesse Prinz's intuitive response published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 1717
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17850_s",
          "context": "Although his support had been essential to Shunzhi 's ascent . So much so that upon his death he was extraordinarily bestowed the posthumous title of Emperor Yi -LRB- Chinese : 義皇帝 -RRB- , the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu `` prince of the blood '' -LRB- Chinese : 親王 -RRB- was so honored . , Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles , but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated . -LSB- b -RSB- to atone for multiple `` crimes '' , one of which was persecuting to death Shunzhi 's agnate eldest brother , Hooge . More importantly , thus reverting power back to the person of the emperor . After a promising start , Shunzhi 's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox . He was succeeded by his third son Xuanye , who reigned as the Kangxi Emperor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731338e05b4da19006bcea9_s",
              "question": "When did Shunzhi die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1661",
                  "answer_start": 690
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Shunzhi's death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11769_s",
          "context": "In 1963 , Ralph J. Roberts in conjunction with his two business partners , Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky , purchased American Cable Systems as a corporate spin-off from its parent , Jerrold Electronics , for US $ 500,000 . , American Cable was a small cable operator in Tupelo , Mississippi , with five channels and 12,000 customers . Storecast Corporation of America , a product placement supermarket specialist marketing firm . With Storecast being a Muzak client , American Cable purchased its first Muzak franchise of many in Orlando , Florida .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270a67dd62a815002e9846_s",
              "question": "When did Ralph Roberts enter the cable TV industry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1963",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Ralph Roberts get into the cable TV business?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , and after a brief ministry led by Russell . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "russell",
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            "albert",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e05c0dadf01500fa1f64_s",
              "question": "Who left the Ministry of magic shortly after Palmerston's death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Russell",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7590_s",
          "context": ". In a magazine , which he owned and edited , Lord Altrincham accused her of being `` out of touch '' . Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments . , Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister , advice that she followed . The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister . In 1965 , the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader , thus relieving her of involvement .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f8ec180d9841400ab35c3_s",
              "question": "When was the formal mechanism for the election of Ministers adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 472
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11653_s",
          "context": "The above `` history of economics '' reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history -LRB- Kuhn . The `` invisible hand '' mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to `` Wealth of Nations '' , 1776 , advances as Smith 's central message . -LSB- clarification needed -RSB- It is played down that this `` invisible hand '' acts only `` frequently '' and that it is `` no part of his -LSB- the individual 's -RSB- intentions '' because competition leads to lower prices by imitating `` his '' invention . That this `` invisible hand '' prefers `` the support of domestic to foreign industry '' is cleansed -- often without indication that part of the citation is truncated . The opening passage of the `` Wealth '' containing Smith 's message is never mentioned as it can not be integrated into modern theory : `` Wealth '' depends on the division of labour which changes with market volume and on the proportion of productive to Unproductive labor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283167ff5b5019007d9ec6_s",
              "question": "When did the nations write it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1776",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Wealth of Nations written?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8183_s",
          "context": "Napoleon III , since the Crimean War Britain 's closest ally , visited London in April 1855 . Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris . , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726768af1498d1400e8e080_s",
              "question": "Who is Britain's next ally after the Crimean War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Britian's closest ally after the Crimean War?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1718_s",
          "context": "In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dc7c9d14d3a41400c268ff_s",
              "question": "Who became Minister of education in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Margaret Thatcher",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14391_s",
          "context": "Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics , heavily used arquebuses , developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation . , which had inflamed futile struggles among the populace for centuries . Attacking from the `` sanctuary '' of Buddhist temples , they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions . He died in 1582 when one of his generals , turned upon him with his army .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ashikaga bakufu"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f03bff5b5019007da9a0_s",
              "question": "Who disarmed the Japanese monks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oda Nobunaga",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who disarmed Japan's Buddhist monks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18051_s",
          "context": ". Nothing survived of the mosaics which covered the walls and the dome of the edifice but the Russian abbot Daniel , who visited Jerusalem in 1106 -- 1107 left a description : `` Lively mosaics of the holy prophets are under the ceiling , over the tribune . The altar is surmounted by a mosaic image of Christ . The Annunciation occupies the two pillars next to the altar . ''",
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              "id": "57315c6c497a881900248e81_s",
              "question": "Who left the only description of the mosaic in the Church of the holy sepulchre?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Russian abbot Daniel",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who left the only description of the mosaics at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15809_s",
          "context": ". , and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted , `` We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe '' . , he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring , which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over . In 1940 and 1941 , Göring 's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications , which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fd_s",
              "question": "Who did Goering refuse to cooperate with in 1940 and 1941?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Kriegsmarine",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7244_s",
          "context": "During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873 , a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic , the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia -LRB- proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August -RRB- . It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy , as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie . The city surrendered on 7 August , and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid , marking the end of the first republic . Despite the Bourbon restoration , the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890 , after which the Republicans , led by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez , gained considerably more of the popular vote .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4227fed7b91900d45dcb_s",
              "question": "Who is the Republican leader after giving men the right to vote?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vicente Blasco Ibáñez",
                  "answer_start": 762
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Republican leader after the granting of male suffrage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6177_s",
          "context": "The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power `` To coin money '' . Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112 . Section 5112 prescribes the forms , in which the United States dollars should be issued . These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as `` legal tender '' in payment of debts . The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar . Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins , which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars . These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5709adeced30961900e843fe_s",
              "question": "Who has the right to make money?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States Congress",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has the power \"to coin money\"?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13290_s",
          "context": "The Free Officers ' intention was not to install themselves in government , but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy . Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself -LRB- a lieutenant colonel -RRB- would be accepted by the Egyptian people , and so selected General Naguib to be his `` boss '' and lead the coup in name . The revolution they had long sought was launched on 22 July and was declared a success the next day . The Free Officers seized control of all government buildings , radio stations , and police stations , as well as army headquarters in Cairo . While many of the rebel officers were leading their units , Nasser donned civilian clothing to avoid detection by royalists and moved around Cairo monitoring the situation . In a move to stave off foreign intervention two days before the revolution , Nasser had notified the American and British governments of his intentions . Under pressure from the Americans , Nasser had agreed to exile the deposed king with an honorary ceremony .",
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            {
              "id": "5727f8df3acd2414000df120_s",
              "question": "Who chose Nasser to run his coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Naguib",
                  "answer_start": 279
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Nasser choose to lead his coup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14910_s",
          "context": "There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities . , some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities . George Makdisi and others , however , argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world . , pointing out that madaris and European universities in the Mediterranean region shared similar foundations by princely patrons and were intended to provide loyal administrators to further the rulers ' agenda . Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics .",
          "c_entity": [
            "darleen pryds",
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            {
              "id": "572a73ae27b69114009ef5c9_s",
              "question": "Who believes that European universities and Islamic religious schools have little in common?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Makdisi",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9481_s",
          "context": ", the town 's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place , and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac . However , the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678 , when it was renamed Hamden . The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony . , the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony , which had been established to the north centering on Hartford . One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established , while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57273f5b5951b619008f8759_s",
              "question": "When was the name changed in the northern part of Hamden, new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1678",
                  "answer_start": 194
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11195_s",
          "context": "In August 1855 a Franco-British naval force captured and destroyed the Russian Bomarsund fortress on Åland Islands . , the Western Allied Baltic Fleet tried to destroy heavily defended Russian dockyards at Sveaborg outside Helsinki . Despite the shelling , the sailors of the 120-gun ship Rossiya , led by Captain Viktor Poplonsky , defended the entrance to the harbor . The Allies fired over 20,000 shells but failed to defeat the Russian batteries . A massive new fleet of more than 350 gunboats and mortar vessels was prepared -LSB- by whom ? -RSB- , but before the attack was launched , the war ended .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572714e2dd62a815002e98c6_s",
              "question": "When did France and Britain conquer the Russian stronghold of beaumasend?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1855",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French and British capture the Russian Bomarsund fortress?"
            }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8890_s",
          "context": "In the NLCS , the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres . The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey , Tony Gwynn , Eric Show , Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins . With wins of 13 -- 0 and 4 -- 2 . After being beaten in Game 3 7 -- 1 , the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith , with the game tied 5 -- 5 , allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning . In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3 -- 0 lead into the 6th inning , and a 3 -- 2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe -LRB- who won the Cy Young Award that year -RRB- still on the mound . Then , Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove . This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6 -- 3 . The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs , one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266ef3dd62a815002e84ab_s",
              "question": "Where did cubs easily win the first two national college basketball leagues?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wrigley Field",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Cubs easily win the first two games of the NLCS?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3115_s",
          "context": "One commentator has observed that , the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world . King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island . This was in 1947 when the King , accompanied by Queen Elizabeth -LRB- later the Queen Mother -RRB- , Princess Elizabeth -LRB- later Queen Elizabeth II -RRB- and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2002",
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            {
              "id": "56e06e4a7aa994140058e4ab_s",
              "question": "When did King George VI visit the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1947",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did King George VI visit the island?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17288_s",
          "context": "The Kpelle comprise more than 20 % of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia , residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia . Americo-Liberians , who are descendants of African American and West Indian , mostly Barbadian settlers , make up 2.5 % . Congo people , descendants of repatriated Congo and Afro-Caribbean slaves who arrived in 1825 , make up an estimated 2.5 % .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57302ebc04bcaa1900d772ee_s",
              "question": "When did the dead in Congo and the African Caribbean arrive in Liberia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the decedents of the Congo and Afro-Caribbean arrive in liberia?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18296_s",
          "context": "The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland. The Reformation in Scotland culminated ecclesiastically in the establishment of a church along Reformed lines, and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France. John Knox is regarded as the leader of the Scottish Reformation. The Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 repudiated the pope's authority by the Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560, forbade the celebration of the Mass and approved a Protestant Confession of Faith. It was made possible by a revolution against French hegemony under the regime of the regent Mary of Guise, who had governed Scotland in the name of her absent daughter.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cd690fdd8d15006c6557_s",
              "question": "When was the papal jurisdiction law passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1560",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Papal Jurisdiction Act passed?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4622_s",
          "context": "; the first female ascent in 1819 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-1850s",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17758_s",
              "question": "When was the first woman to climb Mont Blanc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1819",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?"
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          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8432_s",
          "context": "The next phase of the campaign featured the French invasion of the Habsburg heartlands . , but the Archduke withdrew his forces to protect Vienna after learning about Napoleon 's assault . In the first notable encounter between the two commanders , Napoleon pushed back his opponent and advanced deep into Austrian territory after winning at the Battle of Tarvis in March 1797 . The Austrians were alarmed by the French thrust that reached all the way to Leoben , about 100 km from Vienna , and finally decided to sue for peace . The Treaty of Leoben , followed by the more comprehensive Treaty of Campo Formio , gave France control of most of northern Italy and the Low Countries , and a secret clause promised the Republic of Venice to Austria . Bonaparte marched on Venice and forced its surrender . He also authorized the French to loot treasures such as the Horses of Saint Mark .",
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            {
              "id": "5726672df1498d1400e8de75_s",
              "question": "When did the battle of TAVIS take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1797",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Battle of Tarvis take place?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8109_s",
          "context": "The Umayyad caliphate was marked both by territorial expansion and by the administrative and cultural problems that such expansion created. Despite some notable exceptions, the Umayyads tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali). Therefore, they held to a less universalist conception of Islam than did many of their rivals. As G.R. Hawting has written, \"Islam was in fact regarded as the property of the conquering aristocracy.\"",
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            {
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              "question": "Who believes that the Umayyads regard Islam as a special noble faith?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "G.R. Hawting",
                  "answer_start": 414
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that the Umayyads regarded Islam as a particularly aristocratic faith?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6269_s",
          "context": ". Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG , they have a coal-burning power plant . Continental AG , founded in Hanover in 1871 , is one of the city 's major companies , as is Sennheiser . Since 2008 a take-over is in progress . TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover . Hanover is home to many insurance companies . One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re , whose headquarters are east of the city centre .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a0d404103511400d59535_s",
              "question": "Where is Tui Ag located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hanover",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8654_s",
          "context": "The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e3de89a1e219009ac043_s",
              "question": "When was the aclanden Institute in Montevideo founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1879",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-252_s",
          "context": "Chopin 's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane , as did the number of his pupils , and this , together with the political strife and instability of the time , caused him to struggle financially . In February 1848 , with the cellist Auguste Franchomme , he gave his last Paris concert , which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65 .",
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              "question": "Who played Chopin's last concert in Paris in 1848?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Auguste Franchomme",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10070_s",
          "context": "Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt , although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places , resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area . , traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall , are approximately 51 ° 30 ′ 26 ″ N 00 ° 07 ′ 39 ″ W / 51.50722 ° N 0.12750 ° W / 51.50722 ; -0.12750 .",
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              "question": "Where should the centre of London be?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the centre of London said to be located?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3617_s",
          "context": "AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge , founder and owner of the Judge Group . The company , called AFL Global , LLC , looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world -LRB- like NFL Europe -RRB- . After their successful trip to China to help promote the game . This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA -LRB- Chinese Rugby Football Association -RRB- . Key persons involved include founder and CEO . Martin E. Judge , partner Ron Jaworski , CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu . Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league 's name as its corporate identity .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When was AFL founded globally?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2012",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "In what year was AFL Global created?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9910_s",
          "context": "In July 1956, Nasser unilaterally nationalised the Suez Canal. The response of Anthony Eden, who had succeeded Churchill as Prime Minister, was to collude with France to engineer an Israeli attack on Egypt that would give Britain and France an excuse to intervene militarily and retake the canal. Eden infuriated US President Dwight D. Eisenhower, by his lack of consultation, and Eisenhower refused to back the invasion. Another of Eisenhower's concerns was the possibility of a wider war with the Soviet Union after it threatened to intervene on the Egyptian side. Eisenhower applied financial leverage by threatening to sell US reserves of the British pound and thereby precipitate a collapse of the British currency. Though the invasion force was militarily successful in its objectives, UN intervention and US pressure forced Britain into a humiliating withdrawal of its forces, and Eden resigned.",
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            {
              "id": "57268d53708984140094c9d7_s",
              "question": "When was the Suez Canal nationalized?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "July 1956",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Suez Canal nationalized?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4019_s",
          "context": "The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the nation. KJHK, the campus radio has roots back to 1952 and is completely run by students.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79f1700c9c71400d773ef_s",
              "question": "When did kjhk first air?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1952",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did KJHK first broadcast?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11780_s",
          "context": ", which has to approve the deal , is the former head of both the largest cable lobbying organization , and as largest wireless lobby . '' , 2014 . On March 6 . In March 2014 , the division 's chairman . Several states ' attorneys general have announced support for the federal investigation . On April 24 , 2015 , Jonathan Sallet , said that he was going to recommend a hearing before an administrative law judge , equivalent to a collapse of the deal .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572716baf1498d1400e8f380_s",
              "question": "Who is the General Council of the Federal Communications Commission in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jonathan Sallet",
                  "answer_start": 314
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the general counsel of the FCC in 2015?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9628_s",
          "context": "The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown. , in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that `` only in this way can we protect intellectual property , the labors of the mind , productions and interests are as much a man 's own ... as the wheat he cultivates , or the flocks he rears . '' The statement that `` discoveries are ... property '' goes back earlier . , `` All new discoveries are the property of the author ; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery , there shall be delivered to him a patent for five . '' In Europe , French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs , artistes et inventeurs .",
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              "id": "57264ed5dd62a815002e8122_s",
              "question": "When was the patent case against Brown decided by davol and others?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "October 1845",
                  "answer_start": 33
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              "original_question": "When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11362_s",
          "context": "Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II . After the latter , Bermuda 's highest-ranking soldier . A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks , including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier , and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey . When promoted to Brigadier at age 39 , following his wounding at the Anzio landings , Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier . The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building -LRB- in Hamilton -RRB- was erected in tribute to Bermuda 's Great War dead -LRB- the tribute was later extended to Bermuda 's Second World War dead -RRB- and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration .",
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              "question": "Who is the youngest Brigadier General of the Royal Navy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brigadier Harvey",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5654_s",
          "context": "One by one , additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk , including the Brighton , Chelsea , Shelburne , Ambassador , Ritz Carlton , Mayflower , Madison House , and the Breakers . The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House , opened in 1868 , and Haddon House , flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end . Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged , and even moved closer to the beach . The modern Chalfonte Hotel , eight stories tall . , at eleven stories . By this time , they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel , becoming the city 's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms . , the Claridge , the city 's last large hotel before the casinos , opened its doors . The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain . At 24 stories , it would become known as the `` Skyscraper By The Sea . '' The city became known as the `` The World 's Playground .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Quaker's chalford house open?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1868",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11707_s",
          "context": "A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking game was posted on the show's official website, offering news when specific clicks were met. On December 13, 2014 the series title and a key visual featuring character designs by Atsuya Uki were revealed with Keitaro Motonaga announced as director with a tentative premiere date of Spring, 2015. However, on May 6, 2015, it was announced that tri. would not be a television series, but rather a 6-part theatrical film series. The films are being streamed in episodic format outside Japan by Crunchyroll and Hulu from the same day they premiere on Japanese theaters.",
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              "question": "Where can you see the new series after its publication?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Crunchyroll and Hulu",
                  "answer_start": 809
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11006_s",
          "context": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the ` Nati ' . The headquarters of the sport 's governing body , the International Federation of Association Football -LRB- FIFA -RRB- . Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup , and was the joint host , of the Euro 2008 tournament . The Swiss Super League is the nation 's professional club league . For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament , the country 's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end . Europe 's highest football pitch , at 2,000 metres -LRB- 6,600 ft -RRB- above sea level .",
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              "question": "Where is the highest football field in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Switzerland",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Where is Europe's highest football pitch located?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12603_s",
          "context": ", Head Master from 1809 to 1834 , took over at a time when discipline was poor . Anthony Chenevix-Trench , Head Master from 1964 to 1970 , abolished the birch and replaced it with caning , also applied to the bare posterior , which he administered privately in his office . Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys . Previously , House Captains were permitted to cane miscreants over the seat of the trousers . This was a routine occurrence , carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table . , in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members -LRB- or , in earlier times , each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke -RRB- . The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers , as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds . This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john keate",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d2703acd2414000ded5b_s",
              "question": "Who led the fight in his office?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Anthony Chenevix-Trench",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who administered caning privately in his office?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12481_s",
          "context": "Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-with-dualist (bhedābheda) perspectives. Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought— Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism).",
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            {
              "id": "5727bce03acd2414000deb03_s",
              "question": "Who reported on the great school of Saif?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vidyaranya",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who reported the major schools of Shaivism?"
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15505_s",
          "context": "Examples of Cyprus in foreign literature, include the works of Shakespeare, with the majority of the play Othello by William Shakespeare set on the island of Cyprus. British writer Lawrence Durrell lived in Cyprus from 1952 until 1956, during his time working for the British colonial government on the island, and wrote the book Bitter Lemons concerning his time in Cyprus which won the second Duff Cooper Prize in 1957. More recently British writer Victoria Hislop used Cyprus as the setting for her 2014 novel The Sunrise.",
          "c_entity": [
            "cyprus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eacbfcb0c0d14000f1442_s",
              "question": "Where is Shakespeare's Othello collection?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cyprus",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was William Shakespeare's Othello set?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12220_s",
          "context": "According to the canonical gospels , Jesus , whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah -LRB- Christ -RRB- , was arrested , tried , and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged , and finally crucified by the Romans . Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink , before being crucified . During this time , the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating `` Jesus of Nazareth , King of the Jews '' in three languages . They then divided his garments among them , but cast lots for his seamless robe . After Jesus ' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died . The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross , as well as several supernatural events that occurred .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mark",
            "jesus",
            "pontius pilate"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ea_s",
              "question": "Who is the judge of Jesus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pontius Pilate",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the person that tried Jesus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9979_s",
          "context": "In 1978 , she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City . She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes , taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater . Madonna said of her move to New York , `` It was the first time I 'd ever taken a plane , the first time I 'd ever gotten a taxi cab . I came here with $ 35 in my pocket . It was the bravest thing I 'd ever done . '' She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists . , when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio . Madonna later commented that `` the episode was a taste of my weakness , it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show . I could never forget it . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "late night",
            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b1f708984140094c54d_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna leave university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna drop out of college?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-590_s",
          "context": "The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it \"Nouvelle Angoulême\" (New Angoulême).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1524"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfa06a234ae51400d9be39_s",
              "question": "When was the first European to visit the New York area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1524",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first European to visit the area of NYC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , Derby returned to power . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "russell",
            "derby",
            "benjamin disraeli",
            "william ewart gladstone",
            "albert",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726341a271a42140099d750_s",
              "question": "Who was finally reinstated after Palmerston's death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Derby",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was ultimately returned to office after Palmerston's death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-531_s",
          "context": "Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei , who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009 . The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7 , 2009 , almost a year after the earthquake . , the earthquake killed 5,335 students and left another 546 children disabled . In the aftermath of the earthquake , the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ai weiwei",
            "xinhua"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d5357b2593cc1400307ada_s",
              "question": "Who blogged about the school deaths?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ai Weiwei",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who kept a blog about the school deaths?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11637_s",
          "context": "Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy , medicine , manufacturing and mining . A decisive moment came when ` chymistry ' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist , in 1661 ; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work . , which refuted phlogiston theory . The theory that all matter is made of atoms , which are the smallest constituents of matter that can not be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter , although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven . In 1869 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert boyle",
            "pierre macquer",
            "torbern bergman",
            "antoine lavoisier",
            "dmitri mendeleev",
            "john dalton",
            "william cullen",
            "joseph black"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803c92ca10214002d9b85_s",
              "question": "Who thinks chemistry and alchemy are different?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Boyle",
                  "answer_start": 257
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-701_s",
          "context": "Manhattan Island is linked to New York City 's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well . The Lincoln Tunnel , is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world . The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan 's piers . The Holland Tunnel , connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City , New Jersey . The Queens-Midtown Tunnel , built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn , was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940 . President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it . The Hugh L. Carey Tunnel runs underneath Battery Park and connects the Financial District at the southern tip of Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1940",
            "1927",
            "a day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d00bc5234ae51400d9c2cd_s",
              "question": "When was the Queens Central tunnel built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1940",
                  "answer_start": 632
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Queens-Midtown Tunnel was finished in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5334_s",
          "context": "The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks . The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC . Since then , many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented . , a checkered cloth would be placed on a table , and markers moved around on it according to certain rules , as an aid to calculating sums of money .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2400 bc",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc67a19033b140034cd6c_s",
              "question": "When was the first time you used the Roman abacus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2400 BC",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Roman abacus first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-487_s",
          "context": ", production travelled to Morocco in June , after preliminary work was completed by the production 's second unit . An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the `` Largest film stunt explosion '' in cinematic history , with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould . Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015 . A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production . Filming took 128 days .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "morocco",
            "tangier",
            "oujda",
            "erfoud"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf4fe6aab44d1400b88fb2_s",
              "question": "Where did the film go after it left London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Morocco",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did production go to after leaving London?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3151_s",
          "context": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0856a7aa994140058e5a8_s",
              "question": "When did the St. Helena cricket team take part in the international cricket match for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 398
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4959_s",
          "context": "Resorting to this verbal device , however , did not protect the `` Ancient Near East '' from the inroads of `` the Middle East . '' For example , a textbook of first edition dated 1950 . The last great book written by Leonard Woolley , British archaeologist , was The Art of the Middle East , Including Persia , Mesopotamia and Palestine , published in 1961 . Woolley had completed it in 1960 two weeks before his death . The geographical ranges in each case are identical .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lawrence",
            "leonard woolley",
            "james bennett pritchard",
            "arthur evans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f904a39e9bad19000a07df_s",
              "question": "Who is an English archaeologist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leonard Woolley",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a British archaeologist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11383_s",
          "context": "In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem. The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970. Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war.",
          "c_entity": [
            "emeka ojukwu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d77f708984140094d323_s",
              "question": "Who led East Nigeria during the civil war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led Eastern Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10137_s",
          "context": "As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alex kozinski"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572cb2d3750c471900ed4cd6_s",
              "question": "Who finds that there is no binding precedent in constitutional law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "federal judge Alex Kozinski",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has noted that binding precedent did not exist when the Constitution was written?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13377_s",
          "context": "Far from being a mere `` stopgap '' pope , to great excitement , the Council of Trent . This decision was announced on 29 January 1959 at the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls . Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini , who later became Pope Paul VI , remarked to Giulio Bevilacqua that `` this holy old boy does n't realise what a hornet 's nest he 's stirring up '' . From the Second Vatican Council came changes that reshaped the face of Catholicism : a comprehensively revised liturgy , a stronger emphasis on ecumenism , and a new approach to the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "basilica of saint paul outside the walls",
            "ninety years",
            "29 january 1959",
            "the 16th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803713acd2414000df234_s",
              "question": "When was the Council's decision taken?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "29 January 1959",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the decision made for this council?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2680_s",
          "context": "The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism . The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי -LRB- Notzri -- `` Nazarene '' -RRB- , a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth . Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים -LRB- Yehudim Meshihi'im -- `` Messianic Jews '' -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "israel",
            "nazareth"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7b_s",
              "question": "Where is the village of Galilee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nazareth",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Galilean village?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8046_s",
          "context": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health . , there was a 42 % drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20 % drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective . The report concluded that `` it appears that the use of antibiotics , early diagnosis , and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred '' . The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy -LRB- syphilis , tuberculosis , dysentery , scarlet fever , whooping cough , meningococcal infections , and pneumonia -RRB- , and found a 56 % decline over the same period . Notable among these was a 75 % decline in deaths due to tuberculosis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1946-1955",
            "1958"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e9_s",
              "question": "When was the FTC report published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1958",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the FTC's report issued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3524_s",
          "context": "Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.",
          "c_entity": [
            "danes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e3c47839bdeb14003478fd_s",
              "question": "Who conquered the old Estonians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Danes and Germans",
                  "answer_start": 402
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who conquered the ancient Estonians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4582_s",
          "context": "The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.",
          "c_entity": [
            "31 bc"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f896ab9e9bad19000a0196_s",
              "question": "When did Octavian return from the battle of Acton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 BC",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Octavian return from the Battle of Actium?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8894_s",
          "context": ", but the squad played poorly . On July 5 . The club responded by hiring Dusty Baker and by making some major moves in ' 03 . Most notably , and rode dominant pitching .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kenny lofton",
            "kerry wood",
            "dusty baker",
            "jim hendry",
            "aramis ramírez",
            "cubs",
            "pittsburgh pirates",
            "mark prior"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726716c5951b619008f72d3_s",
              "question": "Who did the cubs hire for Jim Hendry's promotion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dusty Baker",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Cubs hire in response to Jim Hendry's promotion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5444_s",
          "context": "After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:",
          "c_entity": [
            "cecil cook"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706cd480eeca41400aa0e44_s",
              "question": "Who noticed this particular fear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr. Cecil Cook",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted this particular fear?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17461_s",
          "context": "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System -LRB- officially abbreviated the Super NES -LSB- b -RSB- or SNES -LSB- c -RSB- , and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo -LSB- d -RSB- -RRB- is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea . In Japan , the system is called the Super Famicom -LRB- Japanese : スーパーファミコン , Hepburn : Sūpā Famikon ? , officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor , the Family Computer -RRB- , or SFC for short . In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy -LRB- 슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi -RRB- and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another . , 1992 , by Playtronic .",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "north",
            "brazil",
            "america",
            "australasia",
            "oceania",
            "south korea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730a225069b5314008321d8_s",
              "question": "Where was SNES first published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Japan and South Korea",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the SNES first released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13451_s",
          "context": "By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.",
          "c_entity": [
            "william payne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57280b934b864d19001642f2_s",
              "question": "Who describes St. John's church as the main destiny of the whole country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Payne",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who referred St. John's as St. \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\" ? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-453_s",
          "context": ", with series regular Koji Kondo serving as the sound supervisor . , providing all field and dungeon music under the supervision of Kondo . For the trailers , three pieces were written by different composers . Kondo 's piece was later chosen as music for the E3 2005 trailer and for the demo movie after the game 's title screen .",
          "c_entity": [
            "koji kondo",
            "yasuzo takemoto",
            "asuka ohta",
            "mahito yokota",
            "michiru ōshima",
            "toru minegishi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cda10262d2951400fa6793_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for monitoring audio production?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Koji Kondo",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge of overseeing audio production?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12239_s",
          "context": "Another issue has been the use of a hypopodium as a standing platform to support the feet , given that the hands may not have been able to support the weight . In the 17th century Rasmus Bartholin considered a number of analytical scenarios of that topic . In the 20th century . His experiments support an angled suspension , and a two-beamed cross , and perhaps some form of foot support , death comes rather quickly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "frederick zugibe",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278a8b5951b619008f8cdd_s",
              "question": "Who studied the problem in the 17th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rasmus Bartholin",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who considered this topic in the 17th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17156_s",
          "context": ", the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan , and the Iran -- Iraq War began . Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances , the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq . , with Iraq thrown on the defensive , Iran took the decision to invade Iraq and conducted countless offensives in a bid to conquer Iraqi territory and capture cities , such as Basra . The war continued until 1988 , when the Iraqi army defeated the Iranian forces inside Iraq and pushed the remaining Iranian troops back across the border . Subsequently , Khomeini accepted a truce mediated by the UN . The total Iranian casualties in the war were estimated to be 123,220 -- 160,000 KIA , 60,711 MIA , and 11,000 -- 16,000 civilians killed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "july 1982",
            "september 22, 1980",
            "mid 1982"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730175f04bcaa1900d7716b_s",
              "question": "When did the Iran Iraq war end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 439
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15994_s",
          "context": "Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers , who each headed a specialized ministry . The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites , rituals , prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars . The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor 's security within the palace grounds , external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot . The Minister of the Guards was responsible for securing and patrolling the walls , towers , and gates of the imperial palaces . The Minister Coachman was responsible for the maintenance of imperial stables , horses , carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants , as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces . The Minister of Justice was the chief official in charge of upholding , administering , and interpreting the law . , such as nobles and foreign ambassadors . , such as granting fiefs and titles . The Minister of Finance was the treasurer for the official bureaucracy and the armed forces who handled tax revenues and set standards for units of measurement . , providing him with entertainment and amusements , proper food and clothing , medicine and physical care , valuables and equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coachman",
            "steward",
            "imperial clan",
            "herald"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8446947a6a140053ca04_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for looking after the Royal stables?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Minister Coachman",
                  "answer_start": 568
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual had a duty to maintain the imperial stables?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12083_s",
          "context": "The Fujiwara controlled the throne until the reign of Emperor Go-Sanjō -LRB- 1068-1073 -RRB- , the first emperor not born of a Fujiwara mother since the ninth century . , determined to restore imperial control through strong personal rule , implemented reforms to curb Fujiwara influence . He also established an office to compile and validate estate records with the aim of reasserting central control . Many shōen were not properly certified , and large landholders , like the Fujiwara , felt threatened with the loss of their lands . : 院庁 Office of the Cloistered Emperor -RRB- , which was held by a succession of emperors who abdicated to devote themselves to behind-the-scenes governance , or insei .",
          "c_entity": [
            "go-sanjo",
            "go-sanjō",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572779a3f1498d1400e8f913_s",
              "question": "Who implemented reforms to reduce Fujiwara's impact on the government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Go-Sanjō",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who implemented reforms to reduce the Fujiwara's influence on government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1382_s",
          "context": "In 1758 . Canis is a Latin word meaning dog , and the list included the dog-like carnivores : the domestic dog , wolves , foxes and jackals . The dog was classified as Canis familiaris , which means `` Dog-family '' or the family dog . On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus , which means `` Dog-wolf '' . In 1978 , a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that `` Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog . Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs , although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus . '' In 1982 , the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment : `` Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog , familiaris . Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus , but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus -LRB- 1758 -RRB- , and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species '' , which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog . The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b6_s",
              "question": "Who published systema naturae?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Linnaeus",
                  "answer_start": 905
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published Systema Naturae?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13255_s",
          "context": "The next to arrive were the Dutch , with their main base in Ceylon . The British -- who set up a trading post in the west coast port of Surat in 1619 -- and the French . The internal conflicts among Indian kingdoms gave opportunities to the European traders to gradually establish political influence and appropriate lands . Although these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century , they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British islanders , the Dutch port of Travancore , Daman and Diu . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b6544b864d1900164c9f_s",
              "question": "Where did the British first set up a trade base?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "port of Surat",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the British initially establish a trading base?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1465_s",
          "context": "Russia : On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg , Russia . The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km , with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square . Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers . This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8dd47dc89441400fdb35c_s",
              "question": "Who was the first MMA fighter to take part in the Olympic torch?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fedor Emelianenko",
                  "answer_start": 270
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the first MMA fighter to participate in carrying the Olympic torch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6538_s",
          "context": "Ancient tables provided the sun 's mean longitude . , the architect of the Gregorian calendar , noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year . The Gregorian leap year rule -LRB- 97 leap years in 400 years -RRB- was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560 . The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days -LRB- the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude -RRB- were 14,33,9,57 -LRB- Alphonsine -RRB- . All values are the same to two places -LRB- 14:33 -RRB- and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year . Thus Pitatus ' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers .",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8b0_s",
              "question": "Who do astronomers want to solve the differences in these tables?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Petrus Pitatus",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6274_s",
          "context": "A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG . Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art . The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition `` EXPO 2000 Hannover '' . , another one is only in Berlin . The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy . The Mahn - und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art . , the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik .",
          "c_entity": [
            "blind man museum",
            "oriental",
            "kunsthalle faust",
            "carpet museum",
            "museum for energy history",
            "germany",
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            "hanover",
            "home museum ahlem",
            "berlin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a14c14103511400d5955d_s",
              "question": "Where else can you find the Museum of the blind besides Hanover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Berlin",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3614_s",
          "context": "From the league 's inception through ArenaBowl XVIII , the championship game was played at the home of the highest-seeded remaining team . The AFL then switched to a neutral-site championship , with ArenaBowls XIX and XX in Las Vegas . , home of the New Orleans VooDoo , served as the site of ArenaBowl XXI on July 29 , 2007 . This was the first professional sports championship to be staged in the city since Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005 . The San Jose SaberCats earned their third championship in six years by defeating the Columbus Destroyers 55 -- 33 . , and the city was chosen to host ArenaBowl XXII , in which the Philadelphia Soul defeated the defending champion San Jose Sabercats . In 2010 , the location returned to being decided by which of the two participating teams was seeded higher . In ArenaBowl XXIII , the Spokane Shock defeated the Tampa Bay Storm at their home arena . In ArenaBowl XXIV , the Jacksonville Sharks , coming off of a victory in their conference final game four nights earlier -- 70 . Since 2014 the ArenaBowl has been played at the higher-seeded team .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7af9a37bdd419002c4340_s",
              "question": "Where did arenavo XX happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Las Vegas",
                  "answer_start": 224
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did ArenaBowl XX take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13601_s",
          "context": "In the aftermath of the failed coup . Eventually , Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him , which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad . In March 2003 , Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé , who was out of the country . Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba 's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé 's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572816292ca10214002d9d90_s",
              "question": "Where did general bozizer escape?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chad",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did General Bozize flee to escape?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4664_s",
          "context": "Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century , to study them , writing that in the mountains he found the `` theatre of the Lord '' . By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore , study and conquer the high peaks ; they were followed by artists , writers and painters . Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure -LRB- 1740 , and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha -LRB- 1752 -- 1833 -RRB- . Born in Geneva , Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age , the Savoy , studying the glaciers and the geology , as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval . Saussure , in 1787 , was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc -- today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "geneva",
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            "pennine alps",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0475_s",
              "question": "Where was Horace Benedict de Saussure born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Geneva",
                  "answer_start": 521
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11743_s",
          "context": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons -LRB- called `` photoelectrons '' -RRB- from a surface when light is shone on it . It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839 , who published the first thorough investigation in 1887 . The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect , rather than relativity , both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment , and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real .",
          "c_entity": [
            "einstein",
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            "alexandre edmond becquerel",
            "robert andrews millikan",
            "philipp lenard"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57296497af94a219006aa374_s",
              "question": "Who was the first to observe the photoelectric effect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandre Edmond Becquerel",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first observed the photoelectric effect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1485_s",
          "context": "Wary of protests , the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi , and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations , which are considered terrorist targets . Chinese intelligence 's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly ` vulnerable ' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing , Nirupama Sen. The Indian media responded angrily to the news that the ambassador , a distinguished lady diplomat ; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi . The Indian media reported that India 's Commerce Minister , cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96901dc89441400fdb413_s",
              "question": "Who did the Chinese provide a list of vulnerable relay locations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nirupama Sen.",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Chinese presented a list of vulnerable relay locations to who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18466_s",
          "context": "Russell moved the Watch Tower Society 's headquarters to Brooklyn , New York , in 1909 , combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship ; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel . He identified the religious movement as `` Bible Students , '' and more formally as the International Bible Students Association . , about 50,000 people worldwide were associated with the movement and congregations re-elected him annually as their `` pastor . '' , at the age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323dbf0fdd8d15006c6871_s",
              "question": "When did Russell move the company's headquarters to Brooklyn?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Russell move the Society's headquarters to Brooklyn?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-623_s",
          "context": "Manhattan 's skyline , with its many skyscrapers , is universally recognized , and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world . , New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings , of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet -LRB- 100 m -RRB- high , both second in the world after Hong Kong , with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet -LRB- 200 m -RRB- . These include the Woolworth Building -LRB- 1913 -RRB- , an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7e_s",
              "question": "When was Woolworth Building completed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 449
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Woolworth Building completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13812_s",
          "context": "After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 . -- 82 -RRB- . The wars had reduced the Estonian population from about 250 -- 300,000 people before the Livonian War to 120 . , both of which were unsuccessful .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5728a94c4b864d1900164bbe_s",
              "question": "When did the battle of grenvield take place?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1410",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Battle of Grunwald take place?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11834_s",
          "context": "The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon . In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the `` Philadelphia Order '' . It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs . Philadelphia was selected as the test case because , `` The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws ... openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle . '' The order included definite `` goals and timetables . '' As President Nixon asserted , `` We would not impose quotas , but would require federal contractors to show ` affirmative action ' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572738b0dd62a815002e99aa_s",
              "question": "Who set foot in Johnson's footsteps to ensure equal opportunities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "his successor Nixon",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who followed in Johnson's footsteps in terms of ensuring equal opportunity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5281_s",
          "context": "Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church . -- 85 -RRB- and Emperor Henry IV , who initially clashed over episcopal appointments , a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture , clerical marriage , and simony . The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands , but the papacy insisted on the Church 's independence from secular lords . These issues remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms . The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities . It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1dfb_s",
              "question": "When did the worm allies reach an agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1122",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13920_s",
          "context": "The Alaska Permanent Fund is a constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues , established by voters in 1976 to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil , largely in anticipation of the recently constructed Trans-Alaska Pipeline System . The fund was originally proposed by Governor Keith Miller on the eve of the 1969 Prudhoe Bay lease sale , out of fear that the legislature would spend the entire proceeds of the sale -LRB- which amounted to $ 900 million -RRB- at once . It has served as an attractive political prospect ever since , diverting revenues which would normally be deposited into the general fund .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jay hammond",
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            "keith miller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d3d92ca10214002da8c9_s",
              "question": "Who first proposed the Alaska Permanent Fund?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Governor Keith Miller",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who originally proposed the Alaska Permanent Fund?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16810_s",
          "context": "Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football -LRB- FIFA -RRB- , the international governing body of football , that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played . On 8 June 2006 , FIFA requested that all major European leagues -- 08 season . The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction . Ultimately -- 08 season kicked off again with 20 teams .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
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          "context": ", the German army marched into Paris , which had been declared an `` open city '' . On 16 , following German orders , the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews , including 4,115 children , from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz . None of the children came back . On 25 August 1944 , the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army . General Charles de Gaulle led a huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris , and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville .",
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          "context": "The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature . All of the characters in Herman Wouk 's City Boy , and about half of the action is set there . Kate Simon 's Bronx Primitive : Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical , a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II , and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue . In Jacob M. Appel 's short story , `` The Grand Concourse '' -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter . Similarly , an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood -LRB- Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse -RRB- , and learns that even though the folks are poor , Hispanic and African-American , they are good people .",
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          "context": ", but it was rescued by an energetic editor . During his tenure -LRB- 1890 -- 1911 -RRB- . Due to legal fights between the Britannica 's two owners , Alfred Harmsworth , later Lord Northcliffe .",
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          "context": "The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the following clusters , the Dodecanese , the Sporades , a small tight group off the coast of northeast Euboea .",
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          "context": ". Thomas Bewick 's A History of British Birds -LRB- Volume 1 , 1797 -RRB- mentions a report from `` a very intelligent master of a vessel '' who , `` between the islands of Minorca and Majorca , saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward '' , and states the situation in Britain as follows :",
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          "context": "The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though the drug was never approved in the USA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this \"study,\" including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed]",
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              "question": "When was this medicine taken from the shelves in Germany?",
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          "context": "Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within , and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion . Their beliefs , however , were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands -LRB- and later to New England -RRB- , and by evangelical clergy to Ireland -LRB- and later into Wales -RRB- , and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system , particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge . They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system , particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops . , and were influenced by millennialism .",
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              "original_question": "When was the Synod of Dort?"
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          "context": "It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island. A reason given was that the island had never gained self-sufficiency and was being heavily subsidised by the Commonwealth, by $12.5 million in 2015 alone. It meant that residents would have to start paying Australian income tax, but they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare.",
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              "question": "When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island was no longer under its own control?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself?"
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          "context": "After Babangida survived an abortive coup , he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992 . , with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola . Babangida annulled the elections . Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government , but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government . Babangida 's regime has been considered the most corrupt , and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria .",
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          "context": "Around the 6th century , Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers . -LSB- page needed -RSB- The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through , so great were their numbers . This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion . By the end of the 6th century , Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions .",
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          "context": "Rawski writes that Altan Khan 's conversion to the Gelug `` can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior , Tümen Khan . '' To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance , the great-grandson of Altan Khan -- was made the fourth Dalai Lama . In 1642 .",
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              "question": "When did the fifth Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?",
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          "context": "However , Mathews ' frustration with Whitehead 's books did not negatively affect his interest . In fact . In 1927 they invited one of America 's only Whitehead experts -- to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead 's thought .",
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          "context": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto , Air Supply , Seals and Crofts , whose Rumours -LRB- 1977 -RRB- was the best-selling album of the decade . By 1977 , some radio stations , had switched to an all-soft rock format . By the 1980s , tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change , including musical artists such as Journey . Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience .",
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          "context": ", from 1786 onward . During the whaling era . Most of the whalers were Norwegian , with an increasing proportion of Britons . The settlements included Grytviken , Leith Harbour , King Edward Point , Stromness , Husvik , Prince Olav Harbour , Ocean Harbour and Godthul . Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often lived together with their families . Among them was the founder of Grytviken , Captain Carl Anton Larsen , a prominent Norwegian whaler and explorer who , along with his family .",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?"
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          "context": "In 1976 . The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence : Phage Φ-X174 , of 5386 base pairs . The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s : The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae . A few months later , the first eukaryotic genome was completed , with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s . The first genome sequence for an archaeon , Methanococcus jannaschii , was completed in 1996 .",
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          "context": "The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal activists began to embrace the term \"black\" and use their ancestry as a source of pride. Activist Bob Maza said:",
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                  "text": "Activist Bob Maza",
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              "original_question": "Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry?"
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          "context": "Israel has embraced solar energy ; its engineers are on the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world . Over 90 % of Israeli homes use solar energy for hot water , the highest per capita in the world . According to government figures . The high annual incident solar irradiance at its geographic latitude creates ideal conditions for what is an internationally renowned solar research and development industry in the Negev Desert . Israel had a modern electric car infrastructure involving a countrywide network of recharging stations to facilitate the charging and exchange of car batteries . It was thought that this would have lowered Israel 's oil dependency and lowered the fuel costs of hundreds of Israel 's motorists that use cars powered only by electric batteries . The Israeli model was being studied by several countries and being implemented in Denmark and Australia . However , Israel 's trailblazing electric car company Better Place shut down in 2013 .",
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              "original_question": "When did Better Place shut down?"
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          "context": "But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class, along with a widespread review of the country's tax system. These reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes, especially among the high nobility, who despised him as a social upstart.",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal?"
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          "context": "Luís Cabral . Following independence , the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas . One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã . , and Mansabá .",
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              "question": "Where did the massacre take place?",
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              "original_question": "Where did one of the massacres occur?"
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          "context": ", whose members are elected to serve five-year terms , specialises in legislation . Elections were last held between November 2011 and January 2012 which was later dissolved . The next parliamentary election will be held within 6 months of the constitution 's ratification on 18 January 2014 . Originally , the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected . The Egyptian presidential election , 2014 , took place on 26 -- 28 May 2014 . Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5 % , or 96.91 % compared to 757,511 -LRB- 3.09 % -RRB- for Hamdeen Sabahi .",
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              "question": "Who is Egypt's second candidate for president thasi?",
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              "original_question": "Who came in second place in election for Egypt president to es-Sisi?"
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          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . Since 1990 , Alabama .",
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              "question": "Who collected the impression of killing Robin from other writers and celebrities?",
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              "original_question": "Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5212_s",
          "context": "The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. Since 1980, prominent Somalist scholars from around the world have also gathered annually to hold the International Congress of Somali Studies.",
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              "question": "When did the International Conference on Somali studies begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 426
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              "original_question": "When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?"
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          "context": "The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified . The assassination attempt backfired . Upon returning to Cairo , he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt , with the arrests of thousands of dissenters , mostly members of the Brotherhood , but also communists . Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death , although the sentence of its chief ideologue , Sayyid Qutb , was commuted to a 15-year imprisonment . , but was never tried or sentenced , and no one in the army rose to defend him . With his rivals neutralized .",
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              "question": "Who escaped the death penalty for 15 years in prison?",
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                  "text": "Sayyid Qutb",
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15373_s",
          "context": "In Surely You 're Joking , Mr. Feynman ! , he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar . , he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office , making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats . When the county officials tried to close the place , all visitors except Feynman refused to testify in favor of the bar , fearing that their families or patrons would learn about their visits . Only Feynman accepted , and in court , he affirmed that the bar was a public need , stating that craftsmen , technicians , engineers , common workers , `` and a physics professor '' frequented the establishment . While the bar lost the court case , it was allowed to remain open as a similar case was pending appeal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "feynman",
            "caltech"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e9284dfa6aa1500f8d171_s",
              "question": "Only who looks like the top counter should be open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Feynman",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only person to testify that the topless bar should remain open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3608_s",
          "context": ". Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afl",
            "jerry kurz",
            "scott butera"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7a3a500c9c71400d7746b_s",
              "question": "Who became Commissioner of the American labor union after Jerry Kurtz?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Scott Butera",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15985_s",
          "context": "The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism , and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy . However , the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage . Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius , or Kongzi -LRB- 551 -- 479 BC -RRB- -- 104 BC -RRB- . , filial piety , and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies . Much to the interest of the ruler . A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns , where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "imperial university",
            "wu",
            "dong zhongshu",
            "huang-lao daoism"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f6dde04bcaa1900d76940_s",
              "question": "Who ended all wisdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Wu",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who put an end to all erudites?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1505_s",
          "context": " Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events)",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 3"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d976addc89441400fdb4be_s",
              "question": "When will torch visit Macao?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 3",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch visit Macao?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8592_s",
          "context": "Min Nan texts , all Hokkien , can be dated back to the 16th century . One example is the Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china . Xiamen University has also developed an alphabet based on Pinyin , which has been published in a dictionary called the Minnan Fangyan-Putonghua Cidian -LRB- 閩南方言普通話詞典 -RRB- and a language teaching book , which is used to teach the language to foreigners and Chinese non-speakers . It is known as Pumindian .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 16th century",
            "min nan",
            "1587",
            "1566"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726cb65dd62a815002e9072_s",
              "question": "When can Minnan's SMS date?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 16th century",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When can Min Nan texts be dated back to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4752_s",
          "context": "In September 2003 , a military coup was conducted . The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being `` unable to solve the problems '' . After being delayed several times .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2003",
            "march 2004",
            "october 2004"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c8829e9bad19000a04d0_s",
              "question": "When did the military coup take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2003",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a military coup conducted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7806_s",
          "context": "Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach . The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own `` Rabbit '' chip . However , Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case . Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement , which Tengen lost as it could not prove that the legally obtained patent documents had not been used by the reverse engineering team . Tengen 's antitrust claims against Nintendo were never finally decided .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tengen",
            "nintendo",
            "trademark office"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571125cea58dae1900cd6ca3_s",
              "question": "Who is Tengen's description of Nintendo chip?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States Patent and Trademark Office",
                  "answer_start": 269
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2766_s",
          "context": "The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma . Located across the street from the governor 's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City , the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "the present day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df64b396943c1400a5d4d1_s",
              "question": "When was the Oklahoma historical center established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Oklahoma History Center created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7435_s",
          "context": "; see beta particle -RRB- . The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements of atomic numbers 93 and 94 , which the Dean of the Faculty of Rome , christened ausonium and hesperium , respectively . Lise Meitner and her nephew , published the physical explanation in February 1939 and named the process `` nuclear fission '' . Soon after . Confirmation of this hypothesis came in 1939 , and later work found that on average about 2.5 neutrons are released by each fission of the rare uranium isotope uranium-235 . Further work found that the far more common uranium-238 isotope can be transmuted into plutonium , which , like uranium-235 , is also fissile by thermal neutrons . These discoveries led numerous countries to begin working on the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fritz strassmann",
            "lise meitner",
            "otto robert frisch",
            "otto hahn",
            "orso mario corbino",
            "enrico fermi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e35280b85d914000d7d61_s",
              "question": "Who is Otto Robert Frisch's aunt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lise Meitner",
                  "answer_start": 210
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the aunt of Otto Robert Frisch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2380_s",
          "context": ". Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings , walls and pavements throughout Plymouth . To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor . Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin , copper , tungsten , lead and other minerals . , Cattedown and Radford .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cremyll",
            "west hoe",
            "cattedown",
            "plymouth",
            "plymstock"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df612c96943c1400a5d482_s",
              "question": "Where is the limestone in central Devonia, along with Siho and Redford, mined?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cattedown",
                  "answer_start": 291
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2949_s",
          "context": "His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary \"mechanical man\" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a \"big prize\" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could \"speak\", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the \"lips\" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable \"Mama\" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1863"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7f5a56340a1900b29c4a_s",
              "question": "When did Bell's father take him to the vending machine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1863",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2285_s",
          "context": ", in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron . Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition , after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lou ferrigno",
            "jeff bridges",
            "schwarzenegger",
            "olympia",
            "george butler",
            "robert fiore"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de82c84396321400ee29ad_s",
              "question": "Who played with Schwarzenegger in hunger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jeff Bridges",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who co-starred with Schwarzenegger in the film Stay Hungry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10000_s",
          "context": "She met director Guy Ritchie , who would become her second husband . Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia . He was christened at Dornoch Cathedral in Dornoch , Scotland . Her fifth concert tour , titled Drowned World Tour , started in June 2001 . , earning $ 75 million from 47 sold-out shows . She also released her second greatest-hits collection , titled GHV2 , to coincide with the home video release of the tour . GHV2 debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following day",
            "august 11, 2000",
            "the year",
            "november 1998",
            "june 2001",
            "december 21, 2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d6ef708984140094d301_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna's drowning world tour start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2001",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna's Drowned World Tour start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12020_s",
          "context": "North Carolina became one of the English Thirteen Colonies and with the territory of South Carolina was originally known as the Province of Carolina . The northern and southern parts of the original province separated in 1729 . Originally settled by small farmers , sometimes having a few slaves , who were oriented toward subsistence agriculture , the colony lacked cities or towns . Pirates menaced the coastal settlements . , as the economy attracted Scots-Irish , Quaker , English and German immigrants . The colonists generally supported the American Revolution , as the number of Loyalists was smaller than in some other colonies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the middle of the 18th century",
            "1729",
            "1718"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727716bdd62a815002e9cf3_s",
              "question": "When did north and South Carolina separate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1729",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year were the northern and southern carolinas seperated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13806_s",
          "context": "The Oeselians or Osilians -LRB- Estonian saarlased ; singular : saarlane -RRB- were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa -LRB- Danish : Øsel ; German : Ösel ; Swedish : Ösel -RRB- , an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea . The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as Víkingr frá Esthland -LRB- Estonian Vikings -RRB- . Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ptolemy",
            "henry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572844b64b864d1900164877_s",
              "question": "Who says the stern is a pirate ship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry of Latvia",
                  "answer_start": 425
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14186_s",
          "context": ". , and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower -LRB- 1889 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "more than a millennium",
            "1977",
            "2014",
            "1627-1641",
            "1889",
            "1239-1248",
            "1014-1163",
            "1163-1345",
            "1875-1919",
            "1670-1708",
            "1808-1842",
            "20th century",
            "1989",
            "2006",
            "1144"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d6963acd2414000dfff3_s",
              "question": "When was the Eiffel Tower built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Eiffel Tower built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9594_s",
          "context": "Arnold , Constable was the first American department store . -1876 -RRB- , an emigrant from Great Britain , as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City . During the Civil War Arnold , Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis . Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions , the store soon outgrew the Marble House and erected a cast-iron building on Broadway and Nineteenth Street in 1869 . , Arnold , Constable merged with Stewart & Company and expanded into the suburbs , New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island , and in New Jersey .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1825",
            "1869",
            "1794",
            "1937",
            "1857",
            "1914",
            "the years",
            "1925",
            "1975"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264f37708984140094c201_s",
              "question": "When was the \"commercial Palace\" built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1869",
                  "answer_start": 495
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the \"Palace of Trade\" built? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2141_s",
          "context": "In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only \"true Christian form of architecture.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "augustus welby northmore pugin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2cf84396321400ee262f_s",
              "question": "Who wrote this book?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the book Contrasts?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1566_s",
          "context": "Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself. For instance, Whitehead was a teacher and long-time friend and collaborator of Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine, both of whom are important figures in analytic philosophy – the dominant strain of philosophy in English-speaking countries in the 20th century. Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that \"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror.\" French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead \"the greatest philosopher of the 20th century.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "claremont"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57337cc94776f41900660ba7_s",
              "question": "Where will Whitehead's works be learned in English speaking countries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7912_s",
          "context": ", starting in 1902 , opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies . His activities soon expanded , and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America 's greatest theater and movie tycoons . Between Pantages and his rival John Considine , Seattle was for a while the western United States ' vaudeville mecca . , the Scottish-born and Seattle-based architect , built several theaters for Pantages , including some in Seattle . The theaters he built for Pantages in Seattle have been either demolished or converted to other uses , but many other theaters survive in other cities of the U.S. , often retaining the Pantages name , on which he collaborated , was not a Pantages theater .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paramount theatre",
            "alexander pantages",
            "b. marcus priteca",
            "john considine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719d0c810f8ca1400304e7b_s",
              "question": "Who is pantach's rival in the theatre?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Considine",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Pantages competitor in the theater business?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12382_s",
          "context": "After World War II , two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard `` 78 '' : the 33 1⁄3 rpm -LRB- often just referred to as the 33 rpm -RRB- , and the 45 rpm -LRB- see above -RRB- . The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP -LRB- for `` long-play '' -RRB- format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948 . , each pursuing their own r & d in secret . Both types of new disc used narrower grooves , intended to be played with smaller stylus -- typically 0.001 inches -LRB- 25 µm -RRB- wide , compared to 0.003 inches -LRB- 76 µm -RRB- for a 78 -- so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove . Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard , requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rca victor",
            "columbia records",
            "riaa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b3ab4b864d1900163ab9_s",
              "question": "Who developed 33 1 / 3 turn low pressure?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Columbia Records",
                  "answer_start": 294
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12436_s",
          "context": ", Lazaretto , on vinyl . The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991 . The sales record was previously held by Pearl Jam 's , Vitalogy , which sold 34,000 copies in one week in 1994 . In 2014 , the sale of vinyl records was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year . Sales of other mediums including individual digital tracks , digital albums and compact discs have fallen , the latter having the greatest drop-in-sales rate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pearl jam",
            "jack white"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803754b864d1900164227_s",
              "question": "Who sold 34000 vinyl boards in 1994?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pearl Jam",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sold 34,000 vinyl records in 1994?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8808_s",
          "context": ", an RAF pilot , Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace . Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it . Holmes bailed out . Both aircraft crashed . In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty . It had already been damaged , two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out . Its pilot , Feldwebel Robert Zehbe , landed , only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack . During the Dornier 's descent , it somehow unloaded its bombs , one of which hit the Palace . It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station . The bomber 's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London . The British pilot became a King 's Messenger after the war , and died at the age of 90 in 2005 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "15 september 1940",
            "day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726245b89a1e219009ac2f2_s",
              "question": "When did Holmes die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 804
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Holmes die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3877_s",
          "context": "The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars , but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966 . , St. Paul , Minnesota and Minneapolis , Minnesota were on different times . , and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries , which are made from Idaho potatoes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 1965",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e74de737bdd419002c3e4b_s",
              "question": "When did the United States first see the unification of DST outside the war period?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6504_s",
          "context": "In the increasingly globalized film industry , videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production . For example , for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen , Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios hired the New York City-based husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez to write the songs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two-hour-long",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570afaaa6b8089140040f66e_s",
              "question": "When was the film published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the movie Frozen released?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4660_s",
          "context": ", many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion . Thus , Savoy built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley in order to protect the major alpine passes , such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by . The Barrière de l'Esseillon is a serie of forts with heavy batteries , built on a cliff with a perfect view on the valley , a gorge on one side and steep mountains on the other side .",
          "c_entity": [
            "savoy",
            "napoléon bonaparte",
            "charlemagne"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2e_s",
              "question": "Who built a series of fortifications in the Molin Valley?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Savoy",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3250_s",
          "context": "The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0c9b7231d4119001ac397_s",
              "question": "When was the first browser created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first browser created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16938_s",
          "context": "In Burma the British , under intense pressure , made a fighting retreat from Rangoon to the Indo-Burmese border . This cut the Burma Road which was the western Allies ' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists . In March 1942 , Chinese Expeditionary Force started to attack Japanese forces in northern Burma . , 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division led by Sun Li-jen . Cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan , and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their area of operations in occupied territories . Most of the Nationalist guerrilla areas were eventually overtaken by the Communists . On the other hand , some Nationalist units were deployed to blockade the Communists and not the Japanese . Furthermore , many of the forces of the Chinese Nationalists were warlords allied to Chiang Kai-Shek , but not directly under his command . `` Of the 1,200,000 troops under Chiang 's control , only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals , and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government ; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men . The defeat of this army would do much to end Chiang 's power . '' The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their offensives .",
          "c_entity": [
            "16 april",
            "march 1942"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731f290e99e3014001e6400_s",
              "question": "When did the Chinese attack Myanmar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1942",
                  "answer_start": 214
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Chinese attack Burma?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3147_s",
          "context": "The island has two local newspapers , both of which are available on the Internet . The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "november 2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0838f231d4119001ac233_s",
              "question": "When will the independent of St. Helena be published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2005",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since when has the St Helena Independent been published?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2291_s",
          "context": ", which was a box-office hit . This was followed by a sequel , Conan the Destroyer , in 1984 , although it was not as successful as its predecessor . , Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video , Carnival in Rio . In 1984 , he made his first appearance as the eponymous character , and what some would say was his acting career 's signature role , in James Cameron 's science fiction thriller film The Terminator . Following this .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1983",
            "1982",
            "1984",
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de8b184396321400ee2a08_s",
              "question": "When was the first Terminator film published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1984",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the first Terminator movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5800_s",
          "context": ", the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- moving beyond just drum loops and short samples . In Chicago , Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke , Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson -LRB- from `` intensity '' -RRB- . -- based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks . , Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b1910eeca41400aa0d42_s",
              "question": "Where is Marshall Jefferson?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chicago",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where was marshall jefferson based?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8011_s",
          "context": ", is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies . The TV series on African-American ancestry , hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates , had genetics scholars who discussed in detail the variety of ancestries among African Americans . They noted there is popular belief in a high rate of Native American admixture that is not supported by the data that has been collected . -LRB- Reference is coming -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "henry louis gates",
            "jr."
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571df107b64a571400c71e16_s",
              "question": "Who hosts a TV series on the genetic history of African Americans?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Louis Gates",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who hosts a TV series on the genetic history of African Americans?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18359_s",
          "context": "The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.",
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            "august 2016"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731dd950fdd8d15006c65b2_s",
              "question": "When will Brazil open a new international school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2016",
                  "answer_start": 397
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will a new international school open in Brasilia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18733_s",
          "context": ", 2002 -RRB- . For example . The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe , which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War . It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception . It is also generally agreed that in the post -- Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent -LRB- Sheptycki .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "2002",
            "1993",
            "2000",
            "the years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b79ad6dcfa19001e8a86_s",
              "question": "When did devlem write about cross-border police work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Deflem write about cross-border policing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17405_s",
          "context": "The title of `` world 's oldest airport '' is disputed , but College Park Airport in Maryland , US , established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright , is generally agreed to be the world 's oldest continually operating airfield , although it serves only general aviation traffic . Pearson Field Airport in Vancouver . , allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney , Australia -- to claim to be one of the world 's oldest continually operating commercial airports . Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul , Minnesota . It serves about 35,000,000 passengers each year and continues to expand . Of the airports constructed during this early period in aviation . Rome Ciampino Airport , is also a contender , as well as the Don Mueang International Airport near Bangkok , Thailand . Increased aircraft traffic during World War I led to the construction of landing fields . Aircraft had to approach these from certain directions and this led to the development of aids for directing the approach and landing slope .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573089508ab72b1400f9c557_s",
              "question": "When was the University Park Airport built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1909",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the College Park Airport established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15364_s",
          "context": "In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of \"a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty\" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that \"The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8c7dcb0c0d14000f1288_s",
              "question": "When did Feynman give a speech at Caltech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did Feynman orate the Caltech commencement speech?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3135_s",
          "context": ", with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business . Car hire is available for visitors .",
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            "jamestown"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07ca67aa994140058e564_s",
              "question": "Where is the minibus going?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jamestown",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the minibus travel to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11820_s",
          "context": "Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era -LRB- 1865-1877 -RRB- in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living . In 1865 , General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the `` Forty acres and a mule '' policy . The proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition . Nearly a century later -LRB- 1950s-1960s -RRB- . The civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment . The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory , as well as voluntary programs , affirmed the civil rights of people of color . Furthermore , these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination . In 1961 , and employees are treated during employment , without regard to their race , creed , color , or national origin . '' This executive order realized the government 's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people . , color , religion , and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts . In 1967 , the order was amended to include sex as well . , but these contemplated changes -LSB- which ? -RSB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william tecumseh sherman",
            "john f. kennedy",
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            "lyndon b. johnson",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572726a2f1498d1400e8f41d_s",
              "question": "Who suggests dividing the country into people of color?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General William Tecumseh Sherman",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed that land be divided and split up among families of color?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7073_s",
          "context": "Shortly after his birth , a traditional practice for medieval noble families . , the capital of Aquitaine . This may have been done with the aim of steering her youngest son , with no obvious inheritance , towards a future ecclesiastical career . John was probably , like his brothers , assigned a magister whilst he was at Fontevrault , a teacher charged with his early education and with managing the servants of his immediate household ; John was later taught by Ranulph Glanville , a leading English administrator . , where he probably received instruction in hunting and military skills .",
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            "joan",
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            {
              "id": "570c6560fed7b91900d4598c_s",
              "question": "Who briefed John?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ranulph Glanville",
                  "answer_start": 466
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "John was taught by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8660_s",
          "context": "The Dirección Nacional de Transporte -LRB- DNT -RRB- , is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo 's transport infrastructure . A bus service network covers the entire city . An international bus station , on the side of Artigas Boulevard . This terminal , along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal -LRB- or Rio Branco Terminal -RRB- by the Port of Montevideo , handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "dirección nacional de transporte",
            "tres cruces shopping center",
            "ministry of transport and public works"
          ],
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            {
              "id": "5725e87aec44d21400f3d73e_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for organizing and developing the transport infrastructure in Montevideo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dirección Nacional de Transporte",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16995_s",
          "context": "Richmond recovered quickly from the war , and by 1782 was once again a thriving city . In 1786 , the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom -LRB- drafted by Thomas Jefferson -RRB- was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond , providing the basis for the separation of church and state , a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States . A permanent home for the new government , the Virginia State Capitol building , and was completed in 1788 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas jefferson",
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            {
              "id": "573263ade99e3014001e6759_s",
              "question": "Who designed Virginia's religious freedom code?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Jefferson",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who drafted the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5052_s",
          "context": ", finally being completed in October 2012 . However , Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe ;",
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            "october 2012"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa88b8f34c681400b0c0e8_s",
              "question": "When was the UK digital conversion completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2012",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7213_s",
          "context": "From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e31310dc6ce1900204e5f_s",
              "question": "When was Panini born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "fourth century BCE",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the time of Panini?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18712_s",
          "context": "Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Many police forces suffer from police corruption to a greater or lesser degree. The police force is usually a public sector service, meaning they are paid through taxes.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573297e90d034c1900ab0037_s",
              "question": "When was the police used to protect the class system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 18th and early 19th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were police used to protect the class system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10126_s",
          "context": "Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266cb4708984140094c596_s",
              "question": "Who can overturn the unconstitutional decision?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Supreme Court",
                  "answer_start": 424
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11772_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , AT&T Broadband , for US$ 44.5 billion . The proposed name for the merged company was `` AT&T Comcast '' , but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name . , Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband , thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States with over 22 million subscribers . This also spurred the start of Comcast Advertising Sales -LRB- using AT&T 's groundwork -RRB- which would later be renamed Comcast Spotlight . As part of this acquisition , Comcast also acquired the National Digital Television Center in Centennial , Colorado as a wholly owned subsidiary .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57270deaf1498d1400e8f2b0_s",
              "question": "When did Comcast get its cable TV system from at & T broadband?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Comcast acquire the cable assets of AT&T Broadband?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16845_s",
          "context": "By 390 BC . These towns , overwhelmed by the enemy 's numbers and ferocity , called on Rome for help . -- 387 BC . The Gauls , led by chieftain Brennus , defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops , pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome , and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off . -LSB- relevant ? -- discuss -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "context": "On release , Computer and Video Games , Game Informer , GamesRadar . Game Informer called it `` so creative that it rivals the best that Hollywood has to offer '' . GamesRadar praised Twilight Princess as `` a game that deserves nothing but the absolute highest recommendation '' . Cubed3 hailed Twilight Princess as `` the single greatest videogame experience '' . Twilight Princess 's graphics were praised for the art style and animation , although the game was designed for the GameCube , which is technically lacking compared to the next generation consoles . Despite these complaints , and regarded Twilight Princess 's Hyrule as the best version ever created . PALGN praised the game 's cinematics . Regarding the Wii version , although 1UP.com said the remote-swinging sword attacks were `` the most impressive in the entire series '' . Gaming Nexus considered Twilight Princess 's soundtrack to be the best of this generation . Hyper 's Javier Glickman commended the game for its `` very long quests , superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime '' . However , he criticised it for `` no voice acting , no orchestral score and slightly outdated graphics '' .",
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              "original_question": "Who specifically commended the game for the very long quests?"
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          "context": "The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature . , and about half of the action is set there . : Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical , a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II , and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue . In Jacob M. Appel 's short story , `` The Grand Concourse '' -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter . Similarly , an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood -LRB- Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse -RRB- , and learns that even though the folks are poor , Hispanic and African-American , they are good people .",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote 'The Grand Concourse'?"
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          "context": "In 1996 , Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld , a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71 % of the vote . Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $ 6.9 million at Kerry 's Beacon Hill townhouse . Both candidates spent more than the cap , with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement . During the campaign , Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention . Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld 's 45 percent .",
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              "original_question": "Who ran against Kerry in 1996?"
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          "context": "However , civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian . At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece . Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole `` imperium '' within the city of Rome , permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory , since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command . In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names `` Augustus '' and `` Princeps '' , indicating his primary status above all other Romans , and he adopted the title `` Imperator Caesar '' making him the first Roman Emperor .",
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              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8420_s",
          "context": "Napoléon Bonaparte -LRB- / nəˈpoʊliən , - ˈpoʊljən / ; French : -LSB- napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt -RSB- , born Napoleone di Buonaparte . As Napoleon I , and again in 1815 . He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles , building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815 . Often considered one of the greatest commanders in history , his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide . He also remains one of the most celebrated and controversial political figures in Western history . In civil affairs , Napoleon had a major long-term impact by bringing liberal reforms to the territories that he conquered , especially the Low Countries , Switzerland , and large parts of modern Italy and Germany . He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- His lasting legal achievement , the Napoleonic Code , from Japan to Quebec .",
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              "question": "When did Napoleon collapse?",
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              "original_question": "When did Napoleon's empire collapse?"
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          "context": "Samurai were many of the early exchange students , not directly because they were samurai , but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars . Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations , while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers , setting up newspaper companies , and others entered governmental service . Some samurai became businessmen . For example , Iwasaki Yatarō , who was the great-grandson of a samurai , established Mitsubishi .",
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              "original_question": "Who started Mitsubishi?"
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          "context": ", the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture . Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period , Edmond Rostand 's L'Aiglon -LRB- 1900 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When was Edmund Rothstein's \"Eglon\" written?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was Edmond Rostand's L'Aiglon written?"
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          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , in 1840 . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
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              "question": "Who did Victoria marry?",
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                  "text": "Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha",
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              "original_question": "Who did Victoria marry?"
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          "context": "Internationally . , who were related by marriage through the Coburgs . In 1843 and 1845 . When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844 , he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign . Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848 , and fled to exile in England . At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848 . Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support , and the scare died down without any major disturbances . , but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism .",
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              "question": "Who was the first French king to Visit Queen Victoria?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first French King to visit Queen Victoria?"
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          "context": "According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament. Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph, Mary was 12–14 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable.",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Temple in Jerusalem",
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              "original_question": "Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7197_s",
          "context": "Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent . In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division . Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command . Homeland air defence may have a full military structure . For example , commanded by a full British Army general was part of ADGB . At its peak in 1941 -- 42 it comprised three AA corps with 12 AA divisions between them .",
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              "original_question": "Who commanded the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?"
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          "context": "The main mode of transportation , however , relies on Seattle 's streets , which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern , except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North . Only two roads , Interstate 5 and State Route 99 -LRB- both limited-access highways -RRB- , run uninterrupted through the city from north to south . State Route 99 runs through downtown Seattle on the Alaskan Way Viaduct . However . Unfortunately , due to issues with the worlds largest tunnel boring machine -LRB- TBM -RRB- , which is nicknamed `` Bertha '' and is 57 feet -LRB- 17 m -RRB- in diameter , the projected date of completion has been pushed back to 2017 . Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities , and is 10th among all North American cities .",
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              "question": "When is the tunnel ready?",
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          "context": "The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France . He wanted Catholic support that would come his way if he attacked Eastern Orthodoxy , as sponsored by Russia. , '' which demanded French protection of the Roman Catholic rights to the holy places in Palestine . In May 1851 . : 7 -- 9 The appointment was made with the intent of forcing the Ottomans to recognise France as the `` sovereign authority '' over the Christian population. : 19 Russia disputed this attempted change in authority . Pointing to two more treaties , renouncing the French treaty and insisting that Russia was the protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire .",
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              "question": "Who is responsible for France and Britain declaring war on Russia?",
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              "original_question": "What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-773_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor . , Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city 's libraries , and chose his favorite book , To Kill a Mockingbird , as the first title of the One City , One Book program . Lee declared that `` there is no greater honor the novel could receive '' . , the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program , more than any other novel . David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts , who supervised The Big Read , states `` people just seem to connect with it . It dredges up things in their own lives , their interactions across racial lines , legal encounters , and childhood . It 's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people 's lives , and they cherish it . ''",
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              "question": "When was Lee awarded the Academy of honors in Alabama?",
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          "context": "In 1997 . Finally , `` after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria , members of the orchestra gathered -LSB- on 28 February 1997 -RSB- in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to admit a woman , as harpist . '' As of 2013 , the orchestra has six female members ; one of them , violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra 's concertmasters in 2008 , the first woman to hold that position . In 2012 , women still made up just 6 % of the orchestra 's membership .",
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              "question": "Who is the first female musician of Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra?",
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          "context": "A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast , at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854 . : 521 -- 527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units . At the start of the battle , a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders , who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi . Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell . Rather than ` form square ' , the traditional method of repelling cavalry , two men deep . Campbell had seen the effectiveness of the new Minie rifles , with which his troops were armed , at the Battle of the Alma a month before , and was confident his men could beat back the Russians . His tactics succeeded . From up on the ridge to the west , a phrase which soon became the ` Thin Red Line . '",
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          "context": ", Rukh organized a 300-mile -LRB- 480 km -RRB- human chain between Kiev , Lviv , and Ivano-Frankivsk . , the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church held its first synod since its liquidation by the Soviets in 1946 -LRB- an act which the gathering declared invalid -RRB- . , the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice officially registered Rukh . However . , candidates from the Democratic Bloc won landslide victories in western Ukrainian oblasts . A majority of the seats had to hold run-off elections . , Democratic candidates scored further victories in the run-offs . The Democratic Bloc gained about 90 out of 450 seats in the new parliament .",
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              "question": "When was the Greek Catholic Church in Ukraine dissolved by the Soviet Union?",
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              "original_question": "When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9918_s",
          "context": "Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations , a non-political , voluntary association of equal members , comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people . Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , as their head of state . These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities -- the United Kingdom , Australia , Canada , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Antigua and Barbuda , The Bahamas , Barbados , Belize , Grenada , Jamaica , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands and Tuvalu .",
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              "original_question": "Who is the British Queen?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4681_s",
          "context": "The region is serviced by 4,200 km -LRB- 2,600 mi -RRB- of roads used by 6 million vehicles . , with , for instance 120 km -LRB- 75 mi -RRB- of track for every 1,000 km2 -LRB- 390 sq mi -RRB- in a country such as Switzerland . Moreover , plans are underway to build a 57 km -LRB- 35 mi -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where are most European Railways?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Switzerland",
                  "answer_start": 213
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are most of Europe's highest railways located? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18690_s",
          "context": "The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age. Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Toward the end of the era the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area.",
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              "question": "When was the Paleozoic era?",
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              "original_question": "During what period was the Paleozoic era?"
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          "context": "  Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame.",
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                  "text": "April 5",
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              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg?"
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          "context": ", the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance , which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring . Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis , which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction . , it was ` rediscovered ' in 1900 by three European scientists , who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f896ef9e9bad19000a019c_s",
              "question": "Who developed the genetic theory called pan gene?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Darwin",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2663_s",
          "context": "The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag , Oxford , were regular meeting places of the Inklings , a writers ' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis . The anecdote is related in Watson 's book The Double Helix . and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dff36d7aa994140058e2ba_s",
              "question": "Where are the eagles and the children?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oxford",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Eagle and Child located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9726_s",
          "context": "On 20 September 2013 , Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas . On 6 March 2014 . In an interview with Rolling Stone , May and Taylor said that although the tour with Lambert is a limited thing , they are open to him becoming an official member , and cutting new material with him .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d0f1dd62a815002e9121_s",
              "question": "Where will iHeartRadio Music Festival be held in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the iHeartRadio Music Festival held in 2013?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13421_s",
          "context": ". , the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trichet , former head of the French central bank . , its president should be French . This was opposed by the German . , to be replaced by Trichet .",
          "c_entity": [
            "emi",
            "wim duisenberg",
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            "alexandre lamfalussy"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fdf64b864d1900164192_s",
              "question": "Who thinks the French government is the best person to be president of the European Central Bank?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean-Claude Trichet",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the French government think was best candidate for President of the ECB?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18877_s",
          "context": "-- 1955 -RRB- . It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings , letters and papers , memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members . -- 1972 -RRB- . , it includes his personal belongings such as decorations , stamps , coins and personal notes and manuscripts , but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber . , a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar , contains three separate museums of historic importance . These museums include the Birendra museum , which contains items related to the second-last monarch , Birendra of Nepal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tribhuvan museum",
            "mahendra",
            "hanumandhoka palace",
            "birendra"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735c0d8e853931400426b4c_s",
              "question": "Who is the last king of Nepal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Birendra",
                  "answer_start": 567
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the penultimate king of Nepal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16762_s",
          "context": "Though it was known in the nineteenth century that bacteria are the cause of many diseases , no effective antibacterial treatments were available . In 1910 , Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic , by changing dyes that selectively stained Treponema pallidum -- the spirochaete that causes syphilis -- into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen . Ehrlich had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology , and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria -- Neelsen stain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ziehl",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fed76a23a5019007fcb48_s",
              "question": "Who is the creator of antibiotics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Ehrlich",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the creator of antibiotic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5957_s",
          "context": ", which ranks cities on their local economy , employment opportunities , reasonable living costs , and quality of life . , according to Forbes magazine . , the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters , first for Forbes magazine 's Best Cities for College Graduates , and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home . In 2010 , the city was rated the best city for shopping , according to Forbes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the same year",
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            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aaf434103511400d5992c_s",
              "question": "When was Houston considered the best city for shopping?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Houston ranked the best city for shopping?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-102_s",
          "context": "According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli , Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing . Her mother co-wrote a book , titled Destiny 's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio 's success . The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage , depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles . In 2007 , Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks , and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "2002"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfc87ca10cfb14005512e0_s",
              "question": "When did she get on the cover of Sports Illustrated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 393
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12690_s",
          "context": "Galicia -LRB- English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə / , / ɡəˈlɪʃə / ; Galician : -LSB- ɡaˈliθja -RSB- -LRB- listen -RRB- , -LSB- ħaˈliθja -RSB- , or -LSB- ħaˈlisja -RSB- ; Spanish : -LSB- ɡaˈliθja -RSB- ; Galician and Portuguese : Galiza , -LSB- ɡaˈliθa -RSB- -LRB- listen -RRB- . Located in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula , it comprises the provinces of A Coruña , Lugo . It had a population of 2,765,940 in 2013 and has a total area of 29,574 km2 -LRB- 11,419 sq mi -RRB- . Galicia has over 1,660 km -LRB- 1,030 mi -RRB- of coastline , including its offshore islands and islets , Ons , Cortegada , and -- the largest and most populated -- A Illa de Arousa .",
          "c_entity": [
            "atlantic ocean",
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            "asturias",
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            "sálvora",
            "pontevedra",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a5a64b864d190016394b_s",
              "question": "Where is his geographical location?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "North-West of the Iberian Peninsula",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is its geographic location?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14106_s",
          "context": "In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained anthropologist to classify an array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair despite so much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other. However, it is customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572909393f37b31900477fc5_s",
              "question": "When did Sue Wright come up with a proposal for population?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Sewall Wright make his suggestion about human populations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9181_s",
          "context": "In the 20th century , Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music . At the same time , which include famous film scores such as Zorba the Greek , Serpico , Never on Sunday , America America , Eternity and a Day , Chariots of Fire , Blade Runner , among others . Greek American composers known for their film scores include Yanni and Basil Poledouris .",
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            "dimitri mitropoulos",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726881edd62a815002e8864_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the Greek composers famous for film music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yanni",
                  "answer_start": 386
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is one of the Greek composers known for their film scores?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10764_s",
          "context": ", formerly Governor-General of Bengal , that resulted in the trial during 1786 . His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings ' impeachment trial . , Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue . -- from that point until the end of the trial ; India was Burke 's primary concern . This committee was charged `` to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal , the war with Hyder Ali , and other Indian difficulties '' . While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters . Both committee reports were written by Burke . Among other purposes , the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them , along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings . This was Burke 's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices . When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report , Burke described the Indian issue as one that `` began ` in commerce ' but ` ended in empire . ' ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1781",
            "a second",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a833708984140094cd11_s",
              "question": "When was Warren Hastings prosecuted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1786",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Warren Hastings impeached?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8133_s",
          "context": "One hundred years after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 , Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto , a mixture of pitch and bitumen , was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone . A pamphlet dated 1621 , states that he had discovered the existence -LRB- of asphaltum -RRB- in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel '' , and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways -- `` principally in the construction of air-proof granaries , and in protecting , by means of the arches , the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth '' , which at that time made the water unusable . `` He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces '' in palaces , `` the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation '' . But it was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830 . Then , in the 1830s , there was a surge of interest , and asphalt became widely used `` for pavements , flat roofs , and the lining of cisterns , and in England , some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes '' . Its rise in Europe was `` a sudden phenomenon '' , after natural deposits were found `` in France at Osbann -LRB- BasRhin -RRB- , the Parc -LRB- l'Ain -RRB- and the Puy-de-la-Poix -LRB- Puy-de-Dome -RRB- '' , although it could also be made artificially . One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b46e632177014007ea064_s",
              "question": "Who described the use of asphalt and asphalt in asphalt ships?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Belon",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described the use of bitumen and pitch to tar ships?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18621_s",
          "context": "The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx. This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573259a00fdd8d15006c6a0a_s",
              "question": "When was Bronx admitted to New York City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-19th century",
                  "answer_start": 344
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Bronx added to NYC?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8419_s",
          "context": "However , focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule . , who fled the Russian Revolution , concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule . Arnaldo Momigliano , an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War , studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas . , focusing mainly on class relations . Recently , however , interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period . , on the other hand , writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism , his focus being on individualism , the breakdown of convention , experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "c. préaux",
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            "michael rostovtzeff",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572622b5271a42140099d4cf_s",
              "question": "Who has studied the problem of interracial understanding in conquered areas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arnaldo Momigliano",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5071_s",
          "context": "In the United States , as part of the FCC 's plug and play agreement . None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes , but some cable TV companies have . As of July 2004 -LSB- update -RSB- , boxes are not included in the FCC mandate . This content is protected by encryption known as 5C . This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted , thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content .",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 2004",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56faceb3f34c681400b0c136_s",
              "question": "When was the box containing the \"functional\" FireWire no longer included in the FCC directive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 2004",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were boxes with \"functional\" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4748_s",
          "context": ". Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies , the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory , aided by the jungle-like terrain , its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies , and large quantities of arms from Cuba , China , the Soviet Union , and left-leaning African countries . Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts , doctors , and technicians . The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack . By 1973 , the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea , although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "beginning in 1956",
            "january 1973"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8ac9b9e9bad19000a02cd_s",
              "question": "When was Cabral murdered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1973",
                  "answer_start": 648
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Cabral assassinated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16857_s",
          "context": "The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery.",
          "c_entity": [
            "104 bc"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fee59b2c2fd14005685f7_s",
              "question": "When did the war in zhuguding end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "104 BC",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Jugurthine War end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13322_s",
          "context": "In the fall of 1958 , al-Hawrani . By moving the latter two , who were Ba'athists , to Cairo , he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run . , who effectively reduced the province to a police state by imprisoning and exiling landholders who objected to the introduction of Egyptian agricultural reform in Syria , as well as communists . Following the Lebanese election of Fuad Chehab in September 1958 . On 25 March 1959 -- Syrian border and compromised on an end to the Lebanese crisis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nasser",
            "fuad chehab",
            "salah bitar",
            "zakaria mohieddin",
            "sarraj",
            "uar"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821723acd2414000df529_s",
              "question": "Who did Lebanon choose in 1958?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fuad Chehab",
                  "answer_start": 425
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Lebanon elect in 1958?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6234_s",
          "context": "This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4d_s",
              "question": "When did FIFA decide to ban the use of ropes in competitions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 851
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14300_s",
          "context": "Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.",
          "c_entity": [
            "leochares"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ee8dff5b5019007da998_s",
              "question": "Who built Apollo palace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leochares",
                  "answer_start": 493
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the Apollo Belvedere?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18169_s",
          "context": "The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make , promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods . ; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson , all bearing the same name , also devoted themselves . Before the battle , Decius is granted a prescient dream that reveals his fate . When he offers sacrifice , the victim 's liver appears `` damaged where it refers to his own fortunes '' . Otherwise , the haruspex tells him , the sacrifice is entirely acceptable to the gods . In a prayer recorded by Livy , charges alone and headlong into the enemy ranks , and is killed ; his action cleanses the sacrificial offering . Had he failed to die , his sacrificial offering would have been tainted and therefore void , with possibly disastrous consequences . The act of devotio is a link between military ethics and those of the Roman gladiator .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731f0ffe99e3014001e63f0_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a detailed report on the death of desius?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Livy",
                  "answer_start": 585
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote a detailed account of the demise of Decius Mus?"
            }
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        }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13866_s",
          "context": "The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals -LRB- Laulupidu -RRB- started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869 . , it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world . , about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival . In addition .",
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            {
              "id": "5728d5aa3acd2414000dffc6_s",
              "question": "When did the tradition of raulupidu begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1869",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the tradition of Laulupidu start?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6377_s",
          "context": ", with the first official match taking place in 1879 . In 1882 . At this time , John Houlding . A dispute between Houlding and the club 's committee over how the club should be run , led to Houlding attempting to gain full control of the club by registering the company . In response , Goodison Park , where the club have played ever since . , colours , fixtures and league position . Instead , Houlding formed a new club",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a83984103511400d597dd_s",
              "question": "Who was the president of Everton in 1892?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Houlding",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the chairman of the Everton FC in 1892?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6453_s",
          "context": ", the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology . This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth , however , especially after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 phased out the CAB 's economic regulation of the airlines . , the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities , but progress proved disappointing . , the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach that has provided controllers with advanced equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-1970s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa95a6d058f190018303b_s",
              "question": "When did the airline deregulate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Airline Deregulation act?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4258_s",
          "context": "The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era . The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835 . Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f865baaef2371900626040_s",
              "question": "When was Southampton wharf built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1835",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Southampton Docks company created?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16661_s",
          "context": "After the Marzpanate period -LRB- 428 -- 636 -RRB- , Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia , an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire , reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well . The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia , and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor . It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs , and had its center in the Armenian city , Dvin . The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884 , when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni .",
          "c_entity": [
            "georgia",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f892304bcaa1900d76a63_s",
              "question": "Where is the Principality of Armenia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dvin",
                  "answer_start": 463
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Principality of Armenia centered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14407_s",
          "context": ", samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole . The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony , monochrome ink painting . These practices were adapted from the Chinese arts . Zen monks introduced them to Japan and they were allowed to flourish due to the interest of powerful warrior elites . Musō Soseki -LRB- 1275 -- 58 -RRB- . Musō , as well as other monks , acted as political and cultural diplomat between Japan and China . Musō was particularly well known for his garden design . Another Ashikaga patron of the arts was Yoshimasa . His cultural advisor , the Zen monk Zeami , introduced tea ceremony to him . , tea had been used primarily for Buddhist monks to stay awake during meditation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7f_s",
              "question": "When was musosky born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1275",
                  "answer_start": 367
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Muso Soseki born?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-551_s",
          "context": "The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years . Following the quake , experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance . Earthquake prediction is not yet established science ; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake `` prediction '' is possible .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d6713f1c8504140094711f_s",
              "question": "When did a big earthquake happen in Sichuan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 years",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "How long since the Sichuan area has had  a severe quake?"
            }
          ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12098_s",
          "context": ", with concepts of creation that conflicted with the findings of an emerging science seeking explanations congruent with the mechanical philosophy of René Descartes and the empiricism of the Baconian method . After the turmoil of the English Civil War . ; in his taxonomy , species were static and fixed , their adaptation and complexity designed by God , and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions . In God 's benevolent design , carnivores caused mercifully swift death , but the suffering caused by parasitism was a puzzling problem . In 1766 , such as horses and asses , or lions , tigers , and leopards , might be varieties descended from a common ancestor . , but by the 1780s geologists assumed a much older world . Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas , but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle , anticipating uniformitarianism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carl linnaeus",
            "georges buffon",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727740ff1498d1400e8f890_s",
              "question": "Who says life is a self-sustaining, endless cycle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Hutton",
                  "answer_start": 812
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed that life is a self-maintaining, infinite cycle?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17603_s",
          "context": "Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory . Namibia , however , remained under South African administration during this time as South-West Africa . Following internal violence . Namibia obtained full independence from South Africa in 1990 , with the exception of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1985"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730b8912461fd1900a9cfeb_s",
              "question": "When was Namibia fully independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Namibia obtain full independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8180_s",
          "context": "In 1870 , fed by the Queen 's seclusion . A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria 's removal , and Radical MPs spoke against her . In August and September 1871 , she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm , which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray . In late November 1871 , at the height of the republican movement , the disease that was believed to have killed his father , and Victoria was fearful her son would die . As the tenth anniversary of her husband 's death approached , her son 's condition grew no better . To general rejoicing , he pulled through . , and republican feeling subsided .",
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            {
              "id": "5724041d0ba9f01400d97b1a_s",
              "question": "Where is the Republican rally calling for the abolition of vujitoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trafalgar Square",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias removal?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17860_s",
          "context": "He moved rapidly. First, he promoted Confucian orthodoxy and reversed what he saw as his father's laxness by cracking down on unorthodox sects and by decapitating an anti-Manchu writer his father had pardoned. In 1723 he outlawed Christianity and expelled Christian missionaries, though some were allowed to remain in the capital. Next, he moved to control the government. He expanded his father's system of Palace Memorials which brought frank and detailed reports on local conditions directly to the throne without being intercepted by the bureaucracy, and created a small Grand Council of personal advisors which eventually grew into the emperor's de facto cabinet for the rest of the dynasty. He shrewdly filled key positions with Manchu and Han Chinese officials who depended on his patronage. When he began to realize that the financial crisis was even greater than he had thought, Yongzheng rejected his father's lenient approach to local landowning elites and mounted a campaign to enforce collection of the land tax. The increased revenues were to be used for \"money to nourish honesty\" among local officials and for local irrigation, schools, roads, and charity. Although these reforms were effective in the north, in the south and lower Yangzi valley, where Kangxi had wooed the elites, there were long established networks of officials and landowners. Yongzheng dispatched experienced Manchu commissioners to penetrate the thickets of falsified land registers and coded account books, but they were met with tricks, passivity, and even violence. The fiscal crisis persisted.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57313b16e6313a140071cd52_s",
              "question": "When did Yong Zheng ban Christianity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1723",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Yongzheng ban christianity?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2173_s",
          "context": "Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e4cdc339bdeb14003479d6_s",
              "question": "When did architecture begin to specialize?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Since the 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "About when did architecture begin specializing?"
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12078_s",
          "context": "Despite their usurpation of imperial authority . There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature . Two types of phonetic Japanese script : katakana , a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters , was abbreviated to hiragana , a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese . Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and , with it , to the rise in Japan 's famous vernacular literature , much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts . , The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu . Vividly colored yamato-e , Japanese style paintings of court life and stories about temples and shrines became common in the mid - and late Heian periods , setting patterns for Japanese art to this day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "murasaki shikibu",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727738edd62a815002e9d31_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the tale of Genji?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Murasaki Shikibu",
                  "answer_start": 645
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10844_s",
          "context": "Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations . As a gesture of goodwill , the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry , a diamond cross and ring , with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN 's efforts to end human suffering . During the pope 's visit , Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN :",
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              "id": "5726c6dd5951b619008f7dcb_s",
              "question": "Who did Paul VI give a Diamond Cross and ring to raise money for people all over the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United Nations",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Paul VI give a diamond cross and ring in hopes it would raise funds to help people globally?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-482_s",
          "context": "Filming started in Austria in December 2014 , with production taking in the area around Sölden -- including the Ötztal Glacier Road , Rettenbach glacier and the adjacent ski resort and cable car station -- and Obertilliach and Lake Altaussee . Scenes filmed in Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant , standing in for the fictional Hoffler Klinik , a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps . Filming included an action scene featuring a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport . Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig , who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene , and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured , at least one of them seriously .",
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              "id": "56cde1d962d2951400fa6954_s",
              "question": "When did the ghost begin production in Austria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2014",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spectre begin production in Austria?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4562_s",
          "context": "In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that would ruin the szlachta. It was the only area where peasants paid the market price in redemption for the land (the average for the empire was 34% above the market price). All land taken from Polish peasants since 1846 was to be returned without redemption payments. The ex serfs could only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta. 90% of the ex serfs in the empire who actually gained land after 1861 were in the 8 western provinces. Along with Romania, Polish landless or domestic serfs were the only ones to be given land after serfdom was abolished. All this was to punish the szlachta's role in the uprisings of 1830 and 1863. By 1864 80% of szlachta were déclassé, 1/4 petty nobles were worse off than the average serf, 48.9% of land in Russian Poland was in peasant hands, nobles still held 46%. In Second Polish Republic the privileges of the nobility were lawfully abolished by the March Constitution in 1921 and as such not granted by any future Polish law.",
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              "id": "56f83350a6d7ea1400e17491_s",
              "question": "Who lowered 64.000 szelahetta to a simple position?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas I",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1333_s",
          "context": "Nick Fradiani won the season . By winning , Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region . Jax , the third place finalist , also released a single called `` Forcefield '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "clark beckham",
            "nick fradiani"
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56db3c93e7c41114004b4f77_s",
              "question": "Who won this idol season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nick Fradiani",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won this season of Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18866_s",
          "context": ". , Kirtipur -RRB- . , Kumari Ghar ; the inner quadrangle has the Hanuman Dhoka palace .",
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            "bhaktapur"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735ba6ee853931400426aed_s",
              "question": "Where is an unprotected Durban square?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kirtipur",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is a Durban Square located that is not preserved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12836_s",
          "context": ". Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed . Li Bing , engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River , a major tributary of the Yangtze . This innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season , to either provide irrigation or prevent floods .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727af8b4b864d1900163a60_s",
              "question": "Who designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Minjiang River?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Li Bing",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10022_s",
          "context": "Madonna 's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny . , author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , commented that what has brought Madonna success is `` certainly not outstanding natural talent . As a vocalist , musician , dancer , songwriter , or actress , Madonna 's talents seem modest . '' He asserts Madonna 's success is in relying on the talents of others , and that her personal relationships have served as cornerstones to the numerous reinventions in the longevity of her career . Madonna 's approach was far from the music industry wisdom of `` Find a winning formula and stick to it . '' Her musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim . , Madonna did not stop there , but continued re-inventing . '' . Her pieces explore various ways of constituting identities that refuse stability , that remain fluid , that resist definition . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert m. grant",
            "madonna",
            "susan mcclary"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f140f1498d1400e8f09c_s",
              "question": "Who makes herself the queen of folk music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has established herself as a Queen of Popular Music?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3322_s",
          "context": "Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004–2013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e15c38e3433e1400422e08_s",
              "question": "Who found that the air quality of these four days was not healthy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the EPA",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-163_s",
          "context": ", James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods . Other railroads followed suit . In 1902 , the Reclamation Act was passed , allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana 's eastern river valleys . , the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation . This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders , lured by free land , with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices . In addition , Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation . Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as `` Honyockers '' , or `` scissorbills . '' Though the word `` honyocker '' , possibly derived from the ethnic slur `` hunyak , '' was applied in a derisive manner at homesteaders as being `` greenhorns '' , `` new at his business '' or `` unprepared '' , the reality was that a majority of these new settlers had previous farming experience , though there were also many who did not .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1916"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57342802d058e614000b6a41_s",
              "question": "When was the complaint law passed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1902",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Reclamation Act passed?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8964_s",
          "context": "On the night of 10 August in Washington . This was incorporated into America 's General Order No. 1 which responded to the Japanese surrender on 15 August . Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel , `` even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces , in the event of Soviet disagreement ... we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops '' . He noted that he was `` faced with the scarcity of US forces immediately available , and time and space factors , which would make it difficult to reach very far north , before Soviet troops could enter the area '' . , the Americans doubted whether the Soviet government would agree to this . Stalin , however , maintained his wartime policy of co-operation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles h. bonesteel iii",
            "dean rusk",
            "stalin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726255e271a42140099d586_s",
              "question": "Who has to agree with the US decision to split North Korea on the 38th parallel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 731
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8386_s",
          "context": "Once the Second Punic War had been resolved , they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans , and to curb the expansion of Philip . A pretext for war was provided by Philip 's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum , and Rhodes , both Roman allies . The Romans , also allied with the Aetolian League of Greek city-states -LRB- which resented Philip 's power -RRB- , thus declared war on Macedon in 200 BC , starting the Second Macedonian War . This ended with a decisive Roman victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae -LRB- 197 BC -RRB- . Like most Roman peace treaties of the period ; a massive indemnity was levied , Philip 's fleet was surrendered to Rome , and Macedon was effectively returned to its ancient boundaries , losing influence over the city-states of southern Greece , and land in Thrace and Asia Minor . The result was the end of Macedon as a major power in the Mediterranean .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f776ec44d21400f3d79e_s",
              "question": "Who refused to end the war with atakolid Pergam and Rhodes that led to the second Macedonian War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philip",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1790_s",
          "context": "Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet . In the United Kingdom , for example , the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918 . Prior to then , it was the entire government that made the request . Similarly .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1937",
            "earlier 1922",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd35839a695914005b9560_s",
              "question": "When did the prime minister's meeting begin to dissolve parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13997_s",
          "context": "Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy. These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins. They are shorter and wider than the standard Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallow back. The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-silk bass-strings. The strings ran between the tuning pegs and a bridge that was glued to the soundboard, as a guitar's. The Lombardic mandolins were tuned g b e' a' d\" g\". A developer of the Milanese stye was Antonio Monzino (Milan) and his family who made them for 6 generations.",
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            "lombardy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a6062ca10214002da520_s",
              "question": "Where did the round backed Mandolin of the Lombards come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Milan and Lombardy",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Lombardic family of bowlback mandolins come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3421_s",
          "context": "Additionally , including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV . Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN . Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso . , Puntland TV and Radio and Somaliland National TV , respectively .",
          "c_entity": [
            "puntland tv and radio",
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            "somaliland national tv"
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Where does SBC TV come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bosaso",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does SBC TV broadcast from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13600_s",
          "context": ". A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country 's politics . In 1996 -- 1997 , reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government 's erratic behaviour , three mutinies against Patassé 's administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension . During this time -LRB- 1996 -RRB- the Peace Corps evacuated all its volunteers to neighboring Cameroon . To date . The Bangui Agreements , signed in January 1997 , provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission . The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force -LRB- MINURCA -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cameroon",
            "central african republic",
            "yakoma"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572812164b864d19001643ab_s",
              "question": "Where did the Peace Corps leave?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cameroon",
                  "answer_start": 443
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the peace corps evacuate to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16605_s",
          "context": ". A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River , near the base of what is now `` A '' mountain . Hugo O'Conor , the founding father of the city of Tucson , Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location , Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón , on August 20 , 1775 -LRB- near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse -RRB- . During the Spanish period of the presidio , attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches . Eventually the town came to be called `` Tucson '' and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 .",
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            "eusebio francisco kino",
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            "mission san xavier del bac",
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            {
              "id": "572feb4a04bcaa1900d76ea9_s",
              "question": "Who is considered the founding father of Tuscany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hugo O'Conor",
                  "answer_start": 133
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is considered the founding father of Tuscan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7013_s",
          "context": ", backed by Eleanor . Eleanor , irritated by her husband 's persistent interference in Aquitaine . , but was generous to them in the peace settlement agreed at Montlouis . ; only Eleanor was imprisoned for her role in the revolt .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry the young king",
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            "brittany",
            "richard",
            "eleanor",
            "john",
            "henry ii",
            "louis vii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4ce1b3d812140066d09c_s",
              "question": "Who was arrested?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eleanor",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was imprisoned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3958_s",
          "context": "Because of space constraints , known informally as Archives II , in 1994 near the University of Maryland , College Park campus -LRB- 8601 Adelphi Road , College Park , MD , 20740-6001 -RRB- . Largely because of this proximity , NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1996",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7896737bdd419002c40dc_s",
              "question": "When did file two open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Archives II opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13997_s",
          "context": "Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy. These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins. They are shorter and wider than the standard Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallow back. The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-silk bass-strings. The strings ran between the tuning pegs and a bridge that was glued to the soundboard, as a guitar's. The Lombardic mandolins were tuned g b e' a' d\" g\". A developer of the Milanese stye was Antonio Monzino (Milan) and his family who made them for 6 generations.",
          "c_entity": [
            "antonio monzino"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a6062ca10214002da524_s",
              "question": "Who is the developer of Mandolin in Milan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antonio Monzino",
                  "answer_start": 528
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the developer of the Milanese mandolin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16400_s",
          "context": "The botanical term `` Angiosperm '' , from the Ancient Greek αγγείον , angeíon -LRB- bottle , vessel -RRB- and σπέρμα , -LRB- seed -RRB- , as the name of one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom . This included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules , distinguished from his Gymnospermae , or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits , the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked . The term and its antonym were maintained by Carl Linnaeus with the same sense , but with restricted application , in the names of the orders of his class Didynamia . Its use with any approach to its modern scope became possible only after 1827 , and applied to them the name Gymnosperms . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- From that time onward , as long as these Gymnosperms were , as was usual , reckoned as dicotyledonous flowering plants , the term Angiosperm was used antithetically by botanical writers , with varying scope , as a group-name for other dicotyledonous plants .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f4440947a6a140053c83c_s",
              "question": "Who limits the use of angiosperm terms?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carl Linnaeus",
                  "answer_start": 499
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who restricted the application of the angiosperm term?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14497_s",
          "context": "Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built , mainly in Europe . As of July 2012 , 247 MW -RRB- , 214 MW -RRB- , 200 MW -RRB- , 97 MW -RRB- , 84.2 MW -RRB- , 80.7 MW -RRB- , 80 MW -RRB- , 72 MW -RRB- , 71.8 MW -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "canada",
            "brandenburg-briest solarpark",
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            "golmud solar park",
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            "perovo solar park",
            "europe",
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            "okhotnykovo solar park",
            "senftenberg solarpark",
            "charanka solar park"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57294d2baf94a219006aa271_s",
              "question": "Where are most photovoltaic power plants built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , and after a brief ministry led by Russell , Derby returned to power . , Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert 's death . , though she was not in favour of votes for women . , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . Victoria found Gladstone 's demeanour far less appealing ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "months",
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            "the following year",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e05c0dadf01500fa1f63_s",
              "question": "When did Palmerston die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1865",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Palmerston die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5418_s",
          "context": "In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of \"deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity\" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "zaghawa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b47_s",
              "question": "Who feels persecuted for apartheid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt persecuted due to the apartheid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8400_s",
          "context": "The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period , where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice , and established themselves as god-kings . The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings -LRB- sacrifice , proskynesis , statues , altars , hymns -RRB- which put them on par with the gods -LRB- isotheism -RRB- than on actual belief of their divine nature . According to Peter Green , these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the Greeks and Macedonians . The worship of Alexander was also popular , at Alexandria , where his tomb was located .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57260d4aec44d21400f3d852_s",
              "question": "Where is Alexander's grave?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandria",
                  "answer_start": 610
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Alexander's tomb located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8021_s",
          "context": "European colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves . For example , in 1726 , the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them . , though there is no record of slaves ever being returned . Numerous advertisements requested the return of African Americans who had married Indigenous Americans or who spoke an Indigenous American language . The primary exposure that Africans and Indigenous Americans had to each other came through the institution of slavery . Indigenous Americans learned that Africans had what Indigenous Americans considered ` Great Medicine ' in their bodies because Africans were virtually immune to the Old-World diseases that were decimating most native populations . Because of this , many tribes encouraged marriage between the two groups , to create stronger , healthier children from the unions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dfc31b64a571400c71e41_s",
              "question": "When did you sign a treaty with the Iroquois to return slaves?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1726",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a treaty with the Iroquis made to return slaves?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10552_s",
          "context": "Certain technological inventions of the period – whether of Arab or Chinese origin, or unique European innovations – were to have great influence on political and social developments, in particular gunpowder, the printing press and the compass. The introduction of gunpowder to the field of battle affected not only military organisation, but helped advance the nation state. Gutenberg's movable type printing press made possible not only the Reformation, but also a dissemination of knowledge that would lead to a gradually more egalitarian society. The compass, along with other innovations such as the cross-staff, the mariner's astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding, enabled the navigation of the World Oceans, and the early phases of colonialism. Other inventions had a greater impact on everyday life, such as eyeglasses and the weight-driven clock.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727606bdd62a815002e9bce_s",
              "question": "Who invented the mobile printer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gutenberg",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the movable printing press?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-106_s",
          "context": "... . the result , the logical end point , of a century-plus of pop . '' , Llewyn-Smith wrote , `` Why Beyoncé ? -LSB- , with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- , not to mention her hits with Destiny 's Child -- particularly R&B singles -- regained their status as pop 's favourite medium . -LSB- . '' , Beyoncé made the Time 100 list , Baz Luhrmann writing `` no one has that voice , no one moves the way she moves , no one can hold an audience the way she does ... When Beyoncé does an album , when Beyoncé sings a song , when Beyoncé does anything , it 's an event , and it 's broadly influential . , she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA -- the reigning national voice . '' In 2014 , Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfd14ba10cfb1400551308_s",
              "question": "When did she make the top 100 list and cover again?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2014",
                  "answer_start": 710
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was she again on the Time 100 List and on the cover?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17513_s",
          "context": "Periodically `` clean slate '' decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural -LRB- but not commercial -RRB- debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes . Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign , but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop failure . According to Hudson , the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repay the debt .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730bd1d396df91900096305_s",
              "question": "When do rulers usually declare \"clean\" laws?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the first full year of their reign",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did rulers typically proclaim \"clean slate\" decrees?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14218_s",
          "context": "In the 20th century , and , after World War II ; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers , and , in the 1970s , Milan Kundera . The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature , Patrick Modiano -- who lives in Paris -- , based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s .",
          "c_entity": [
            "françois mauriac",
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            "ernest hemingway",
            "samuel beckett",
            "colette"
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            {
              "id": "5728f93c4b864d190016514a_s",
              "question": "Who won the 2014 Nobel Prize for literature?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Patrick Modiano",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5520_s",
          "context": "Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers.",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570613f152bb89140068986f_s",
              "question": "Where in the world does the fictional detective Niro Wolff live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New York",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what part of the world did the fictional detective, Nero Wolfe, live in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8495_s",
          "context": "His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations. The increased importance of artillery after 1807 stemmed from his creation of a highly mobile artillery force, the growth in artillery numbers, and changes in artillery practices. As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the enemy's defenses, now could use massed artillery as a spearhead to pound a break in the enemy's line that was then exploited by supporting infantry and cavalry. McConachy rejects the alternative theory that growing reliance on artillery by the French army beginning in 1807 was an outgrowth of the declining quality of the French infantry and, later, France's inferiority in cavalry numbers. Weapons and other kinds of military technology remained largely static through the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, but 18th-century operational mobility underwent significant change.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e8e5dd62a815002e94c1_s",
              "question": "Who would object to the idea that the increasing use of artillery by the French is due to the decline in the quality of infantry and cavalry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "McConachy",
                  "answer_start": 481
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who rejects the theory that the increased use of artillery by the French was due to declining quality of infantry and numbers of cavalry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1352_s",
          "context": "-- 49 , the key demographic coveted by advertisers , for an unprecedented eight consecutive years by 2012 . , and Idol , for years . The show , its creator Simon Fuller claimed , `` saved Fox '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "house",
            "simon fuller",
            "fox"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3887c59d6e4140014667e_s",
              "question": "Who created American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simon Fuller",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created American Idol? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17880_s",
          "context": "Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1900"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe41_s",
              "question": "When did the boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13198_s",
          "context": "Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to `` ruling dynasties and foreign invasions '' , neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity . , while the south was never completely conquered . According to Thapar , a periodisation could also be based on `` significant social and economic changes '' , which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers . -LSB- note 1 -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "romila thapar",
            "ancient-medieval-modern"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572835bb4b864d1900164738_s",
              "question": "Who noticed that Indian history was too focused on dynastic division and aggression?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Romila Thapar",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who remarked Indian history is too devoted to the ranking of dynasties and invasions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3690_s",
          "context": "According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080 , at the time of Mellitus , a Bishop of London . Construction of the present church began in 1245 , on the orders of King Henry III .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry iii",
            "thorn island",
            "thorn ey"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8cfd799e8941900975eb3_s",
              "question": "Who ordered the church to be built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Henry III",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the construction of the church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7368_s",
          "context": "When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men , the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris . After the German victory at Sedan , who hoped for an armistice and an end to the war . , the Emperor was a captive and the Empress in exile but there had been no abdication de jure and the army was still bound by an oath of allegiance to the defunct imperial régime .",
          "c_entity": [
            "trochu",
            "metz",
            "napoleon iii",
            "gambetta",
            "government of national defence",
            "bismarck",
            "favre"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d6edcfed7b91900d460d9_s",
              "question": "Who gave up on the big news?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon III",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4545_s",
          "context": "In 1355 in Buda King Casimir III the Great issued the first country-wide privilege for the nobility , in exchange for their agreement that in the lack of Casimir 's male heirs , the throne would pass to his nephew . He decreed that the nobility would no longer be subject to ` extraordinary ' taxes , or use their own funds for military expeditions abroad . He also promised that during travels of the royal court , the king and the court would pay for all expenses , instead of using facilities of local nobility .",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis",
            "casimir iii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f81cabaef2371900625dd8_s",
              "question": "Who recognized the aristocratic privilege of the first country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Buda King Casimir III the Great",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who issied the first country wide privilege for the nobility? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18671_s",
          "context": "Just as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci -- partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist -- advocated study of human anatomy , nature , and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art -- 1540 -RRB- advocated observation , craft , and practical techniques to improve the formal teaching of Aristotelian philosophy at the universities , helping to free them from the grip of Medieval Scholasticism . Thus , the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy , based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe , making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "juan luis vives",
            "leonardo da vinci"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573282b9b9988014000c764a_s",
              "question": "Who believes that further research and understanding of humanities can promote art?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leonardo da Vinci",
                  "answer_start": 28
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15195_s",
          "context": "The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo , the Spanish explorer , when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named `` Tanasqui '' in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina . In the early 18th century , Tennessee . The town was located on a river of the same name -LRB- now known as the Little Tennessee River -RRB- , and appears on maps as early as 1725 . It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo , although recent research suggests that Pardo 's `` Tanasqui '' was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River , near modern Newport .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tanasi",
            "tanase",
            "juan pardo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572bd7e52babe914003c2956_s",
              "question": "Who first introduced a territorial name in the area similar to his current name, Tennessee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Captain Juan Pardo",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first recorded a territorial name in the region that resembles its current name Tennessee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13187_s",
          "context": ", the state turned firmly Republican . Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015 . This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans . , though , was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2012",
            "2000",
            "1948",
            "1996",
            "1964",
            "1976",
            "2015",
            "1988",
            "1952",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e6c44b864d1900163f99_s",
              "question": "When did the registered Republicans become the majority in Oklahoma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2015",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5665_s",
          "context": "Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession , many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages . One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment , who purchased the Sands Atlantic City , only to close it permanently November 11 , 2006 . The following year , the resort was demolished in a dramatic , Las Vegas styled implosion , the first of its kind in Atlantic City . While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $ 1.5 -- 2 billion casino resort , the company canceled its construction plans and plans to sell the land . , effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mgm grand",
            "mgm resorts international",
            "pinnacle entertainment"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706318d52bb89140068995e_s",
              "question": "Who bought sands Atlantic City?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pinnacle Entertainment",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who purchased the Sands Atlantic City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3047_s",
          "context": "Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word \"manga\" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes.",
          "c_entity": [
            "rakuten kitazawa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02b8d231d4119001abf78_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the first Japanese comic book today?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rakuten Kitazawa",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17667_s",
          "context": "During the Soviet period , the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice . Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language , the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian . Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991 , several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages , which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian , though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1991",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f53c05b4da19006bcc92_s",
              "question": "When did the Soviet Union dissolve?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the USSR dissolve?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6078_s",
          "context": "Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides support to mitigate cyber threats, technical support to respond and recover from targeted cyber attacks, and provides online tools for members of Canada’s critical infrastructure sectors. The CCIRC posts regular cyber security bulletins on the Public Safety Canada website. The CCIRC also operates an online reporting tool where individuals and organizations can report a cyber incident. Canada's Cyber Security Strategy is part of a larger, integrated approach to critical infrastructure protection, and functions as a counterpart document to the National Strategy and Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "public safety canada"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709a391200fba140036820b_s",
              "question": "Where does ccirc issue regular network security bulletins?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on the Public Safety Canada website",
                  "answer_start": 438
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the CCIRC post regular cyber security bulletins?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15994_s",
          "context": "Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers , who each headed a specialized ministry . The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites , rituals , prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars . The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor 's security within the palace grounds , external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot . The Minister of the Guards was responsible for securing and patrolling the walls , towers , and gates of the imperial palaces . , horses , carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants , as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces . The Minister of Justice was the chief official in charge of upholding , administering , and interpreting the law . , such as nobles and foreign ambassadors . The Minister of the Imperial Clan oversaw the imperial court 's interactions with the empire 's nobility and extended imperial family , such as granting fiefs and titles . The Minister of Finance was the treasurer for the official bureaucracy and the armed forces who handled tax revenues and set standards for units of measurement . , providing him with entertainment and amusements , proper food and clothing , medicine and physical care , valuables and equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coachman",
            "steward",
            "imperial clan",
            "herald"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8446947a6a140053ca08_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for overseeing the interaction between the nobility and the court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Minister of the Imperial Clan",
                  "answer_start": 863
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual held the responsibility to oversee the interactions of the empire's nobles with the court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18647_s",
          "context": ", working-class , urban culture . , set in Highbridge . , and in the 1993 Robert De Niro/Chazz Palminteri film , A Bronx Tale , Spike Lee 's 1999 movie Summer of Sam , centered in an Italian-American Bronx community , and Doughboys , the story of two Italian-American brothers in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother 's gambling debts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "highbridge",
            "hollywood",
            "south bronx",
            "italian-american bronx"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326bf10fdd8d15006c6ab6_s",
              "question": "Where is it from today?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Highbridge",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was 'From This Day Forward' set?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5591_s",
          "context": "The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds , travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year . Some species of tubenoses -LRB- Procellariiformes -RRB- such as albatrosses circle the earth , flying over the southern oceans , while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km -LRB- 8,700 mi -RRB- between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean . Shorter migrations are common .",
          "c_entity": [
            "himalayas",
            "andes",
            "antarctic"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e9bf52bb891400689693_s",
              "question": "Where do Arctic swallows migrate every year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8316_s",
          "context": "In 1966 . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Israel has also been the home of two leading Palestinian poets and writers : Emile Habibi , whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist , and other writings , won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature , considered by many to be `` the Palestinian national poet . '' , but lived his adult life abroad after joining the Palestine Liberation Organization . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "mahmoud darwish",
            "shmuel yosef agnon",
            "amos oz",
            "nathan alterman",
            "rachel bluwstein",
            "sayed kashua",
            "etgar keret",
            "nelly sachs",
            "david grossman",
            "yehuda amichai",
            "emile habibi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d19938643c19005acd93_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the novel the secret of Sayid the rat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emile Habibi",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17651_s",
          "context": "The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s . , a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day , although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left . Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America . In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers , and live in ethnic enclaves -LRB- especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s -RRB- . Only about 25 % of them are ethnic Russians , however . Afterward , with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new york city",
            "north",
            "philadelphia",
            "san francisco",
            "toronto",
            "beach",
            "boston",
            "u.s.",
            "alaska",
            "canada",
            "america",
            "chicago",
            "miami",
            "cleveland",
            "soviet",
            "united states",
            "brighton",
            "russophones",
            "seattle",
            "union",
            "los angeles",
            "spokane",
            "baltimore",
            "brooklyn",
            "denver",
            "nashville"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd0_s",
              "question": "Where did the Russian researchers first arrive in North America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alaska",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Russian explorers first reach North America?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13121_s",
          "context": "In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire -LRB- The black hand -RRB- was created . It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation . In March 1942 , Germany . His last words will be : `` If I have to die , I shall die but with a pure heart '' . From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft . While the First World War had not notably damaged the city , Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake . In August 1944 , several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs , particularly the Palais Rohan . On 23 November 1944 . He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers , after the decisive Capture of Kufra . With the Oath of Kuffra , they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leclerc",
            "old town",
            "gestapo",
            "years old",
            "old customs house",
            "marcel weinum",
            "ancienne douane",
            "robert wagner",
            "2nd french armoured division",
            "hitler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572803362ca10214002d9b6a_s",
              "question": "Who led the first Alsace resistance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marcel Weinum",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the first Alsatian resistance movement?  "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3521_s",
          "context": ", during the Protestant Reformation period . An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637 . The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1686",
            "1535",
            "1637",
            "1715"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee7_s",
              "question": "When was the priest's grammar book printed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1637",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the priests' grammar book put into print?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10235_s",
          "context": "According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen , the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible . He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times : first . Thus , a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey , and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally . Second , the Tannaim may have been influenced by Roman law , which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage , offspring would follow the mother .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaye j. d. cohen",
            "mishnah",
            "kil"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727728ef1498d1400e8f860_s",
              "question": "Who believes that in the Bible, the status of mixed marriage offspring is determined by the patriarchal system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shaye J. D. Cohen",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4586_s",
          "context": "Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues . The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate ; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime , while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty . , and some scholars see strong associations between Augustus and Aeneas , the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome . A strong teleology , or drive towards a climax , has been detected in the poem . The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome , the deeds of Augustus , his ancestors , and famous Romans , and the Carthaginian Wars . A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas . As the protagonist of the poem , Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome ; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas ' emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the `` pious '' and `` righteous '' Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "virgil",
            "mark antony",
            "aeneas",
            "augustus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b2_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of Rome? Some scholars think he has a close relationship with Aeneas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus",
                  "answer_start": 336
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the founder of Rome which some scholars see strong associations with Aeneas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10688_s",
          "context": "In the Ottoman Empire , these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later . As well , there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec , Inca , Mohican , Delaware . The Iroquois philosophy in particular gave much to Christian thought of the time and in many cases actually inspired some of the institutions adopted in the United States : for example , Benjamin Franklin was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy , and much of early American literature emphasized the political philosophy of the natives .",
          "c_entity": [
            "benjamin franklin",
            "huron",
            "maya"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a16ff1498d1400e8e55e_s",
              "question": "Who are the admirers of certain methods of the Iroquois League?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benjamin Franklin",
                  "answer_start": 471
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1307_s",
          "context": ", both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five . It was claimed , later retracted , and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adam lambert",
            "kris allen",
            "at&t"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db229de7c41114004b4ded_s",
              "question": "Who is accused of teaching the public how to text the winner?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "AT&T employees",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11162_s",
          "context": ", in January and February 1853 . : 105 but that he had an obligation to the Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire. : 105 The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat , Prince Menshikov . By previous treaties , the sultan was committed `` to protect the -LRB- Eastern Orthodox -RRB- Christian religion and its churches . '' Menshikov demanded a Russian protectorate over all 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire . A compromise was reached regarding Orthodox access to the Holy Land , but the Sultan , strongly supported by the British ambassador , rejected the more sweeping demands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "orthodox church",
            "nicholas",
            "george hamilton seymour",
            "menshikov",
            "ottoman sublime porte",
            "eastern orthodox"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ca375951b619008f7e29_s",
              "question": "Who did the Czar send to the noble port of Osman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Menshikov",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Tsar send on a mission to Ottoman Sublime Porte?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12090_s",
          "context": "The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem , were written in the Heian period , one of the first novels ever written . , which revealed the quotidian capital lifestyle . The famous Japanese poem known as the Iroha -LRB- いろは -RRB- , of uncertain authorship , was also written during the Heian period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "murasaki shikibu",
            "kimi ga yo",
            "ono",
            "komachi",
            "saigyō",
            "izumi shikibu",
            "sei shōnagon",
            "narihira",
            "iroha",
            "fujiwara"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572781abf1498d1400e8fa27_s",
              "question": "Who wrote an unknown famous poem in the pagan period?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Iroha",
                  "answer_start": 215
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What famous poem with an unknown author was written during the Heian period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5649_s",
          "context": "The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1870"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57060ece75f01819005e791b_s",
              "question": "When was the first road between Atlantic City and the mainland built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first road that connected Atlantic City to the mainland was completed in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7395_s",
          "context": "In 1888 , the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony . The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888 . The Asmara -- Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time , but was later dismantled by the British in World War II . Besides major infrastructural projects , the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector . It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa , and employed many Eritreans in public service , particularly in the police and public works departments . Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army , serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1911",
            "1888"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570db36a16d0071400510cff_s",
              "question": "When will the Eritrean railway be completed in saati?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18560_s",
          "context": "In 1955 American nuclear arms policy became one aimed primarily at arms control as opposed to disarmament . The failure of negotiations over arms until 1955 was due mainly to the refusal of the Russians to permit any sort of inspections . In talks located in London that year , they expressed a willingness to discuss inspections ; the tables were then turned on Eisenhower , when he responded with an unwillingness on the part of the U.S. to permit inspections . In May of that year the Russians agreed to sign a treaty giving independence to Austria , and paved the way for a Geneva summit with the U.S. , U.K. and France . At the Geneva Conference Eisenhower presented a proposal called `` Open Skies '' to facilitate disarmament , which included plans for Russia and the U.S. to provide mutual access to each other 's skies for open surveillance of military infrastructure .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nikita khrushchev",
            "eisenhower"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732696fe17f3d1400422961_s",
              "question": "Who refused to inspect nuclear weapons after the 1955 talks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eisenhower",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who refused to permit nuclear weapons inspections in the wake of the 1955 talks?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16928_s",
          "context": "In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vichy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c82ee99e3014001e626f_s",
              "question": "Who controlled the Japanese takeover of Indochina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vichy France",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who controlled Indochina before the Japanese takeover?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6873_s",
          "context": "The main mineral resource known on the continent is coal . It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition . The Prince Charles Mountains contain significant deposits of iron ore . The most valuable resources of Antarctica lie offshore , namely the oil and natural gas fields found in the Ross Sea in 1973 . Exploitation of all mineral resources is banned until 2048 by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "transantarctic mountains",
            "antarctica",
            "charles mountains",
            "ross sea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570da494df2f5219002ed0a2_s",
              "question": "Where are the oil and gas reservoirs near Antarctica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ross Sea",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are oil and gas deposits located near Antarctica?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5152_s",
          "context": "The Sultanate of Ifat , Djibouti . The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast , and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel . Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers . Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven `` mother cities '' : Belqulzar , Adal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ethiopia",
            "red sea",
            "shimi",
            "laboo",
            "kuljura",
            "walashma",
            "somalia",
            "zeila",
            "shewa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa02b68f12f3190063007b_s",
              "question": "Where does O'Malley say IFAT is located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Red Sea",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11362_s",
          "context": "Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II . After the latter , Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert , Bermuda 's highest-ranking soldier . A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks , including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier . When promoted to Brigadier at age 39 , following his wounding at the Anzio landings . The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building -LRB- in Hamilton -RRB- was erected in tribute to Bermuda 's Great War dead -LRB- the tribute was later extended to Bermuda 's Second World War dead -RRB- and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "glyn charles anglim gilbert",
            "harvey",
            "bermuda regiment"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572956496aef051400154d13_s",
              "question": "Who is the key to the establishment of Bermuda?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2655_s",
          "context": ". Various reasons are put forward for this , such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements . Others claim the smoking ban of 2007 , intense competition from gastro-pubs , the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame , or are factors in the decline . Changes in demographics may be an additional factor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "year",
            "1982"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfefe9231d4119001abec3_s",
              "question": "When did the UK enforce the smoking ban?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a smoking ban passed in the United Kingdom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7343_s",
          "context": "In the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian Army—though these went mainly unheeded. An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province. The Franco-Prussian War thus turned out to be a significant event also in German–Polish relations, marking the beginning of a prolonged period of repressive measures by the authorities and efforts at Germanisation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "16 august 1870"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4d53fed7b91900d45e46_s",
              "question": "When did Bismarck receive disturbing reports about the postures?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16 August 1870",
                  "answer_start": 394
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15525_s",
          "context": "In 1987 , as China began opening to Western capital investment . The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars , but did not yield substantial box office revenues . Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "spielberg",
            "andrew sarris",
            "christian bale"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57319277e6313a140071d0bb_s",
              "question": "Who knows that empire of the sun is the best movie of the year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andrew Sarris",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought 'Empire of the Sun' was the best film of the year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18813_s",
          "context": "Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.",
          "c_entity": [
            "benedict xiv"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735ffae012e2f140011a116_s",
              "question": "Who said that the laws and regulations were not strict?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benedict XIV",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5222_s",
          "context": "In 376 , the Ostrogoths , fleeing from the Huns , received permission from Emperor Valens -LRB- r. 364 -- 378 -RRB- to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans . The settlement did not go smoothly , and when Roman officials mishandled the situation , the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder . -LSB- D -RSB- Valens , attempting to put down the disorder , was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378 . As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north , internal divisions within the empire , especially within the Christian Church , caused problems . In 400 , the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and , although briefly forced back from Italy , in 410 sacked the city of Rome . In 406 the Alans , Vandals , and Suevi crossed into Gaul . The Migration Period began , where various people , initially largely Germanic peoples , moved across Europe . The Franks , Alemanni , and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles , Saxons , and Jutes settled in Britain . In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire ; their king Attila -LRB- r. 434 -- 453 -RRB- led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447 , Gaul in 451 , and Italy in 452 . The Hunnic threat remained until Attila 's death in 453 , when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart . These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the next three years",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb3290f34c681400b0c203_s",
              "question": "When did the battle of adrianopel come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9 August 378",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Battle of Adrianople occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-735_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird . Lee continued to respond to her work 's impact until her death in February 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 2016",
            "july 14, 2015",
            "1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1161117492d1400aab8e0_s",
              "question": "When did Li die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2016",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Lee die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12022_s",
          "context": "North Carolina made the smallest per-capita contribution to the war of any state , as only 7,800 men joined the Continental Army under General George Washington . There was some military action , especially in 1780 -- 81 . Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains , into the Washington District -LRB- later known as Tennessee -RRB- , but in 1789 , following the Revolution , the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands .",
          "c_entity": [
            "continental army",
            "nathanael greene",
            "northwest territory",
            "george washington"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572773b65951b619008f8a33_s",
              "question": "Who led the Continental Army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General George Washington",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the continental army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16805_s",
          "context": ", Greg Dyke , met with the representatives of the `` big five '' football clubs in England in 1990 . The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it ; however .",
          "c_entity": [
            "football association",
            "greg dyke",
            "lwt",
            "david dein",
            "london weekend television",
            "football league"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733e4f4d058e614000b6506_s",
              "question": "Who is the CEO of London weekend TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Greg Dyke",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6517_s",
          "context": "The U.S. Social Security Administration -LRB- SSA -RRB- , which oversees the world 's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review -LRB- ODAR -RRB- , has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations . , the U.S. Social Security Administration -LRB- SSA -RRB- conducted 86,320 videoconferenced hearings . In August 2010 , the SSA opened its fifth and largest videoconferencing-only National Hearing Center -LRB- NHC -RRB- , in St. Louis , Missouri . This continues the SSA 's effort to use video hearings as a means to clear its substantial hearing backlog . , the SSA has also established NHCs in Albuquerque , New Mexico , Baltimore , Maryland , Falls Church , Virginia , and Chicago , Illinois .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "year",
            "august 2010",
            "2009",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b25ecec8fbc190045b87f_s",
              "question": "When did SSA open its largest video conference center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2010",
                  "answer_start": 391
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15043_s",
          "context": "The first mention of the name `` Rajasthan '' appears in James Tod 's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast ` han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India . John Keay , in his book India : A History , stated that `` Rajputana '' was coined by the British in 1829 , John Briggs , translating Ferishta 's history of early Islamic India , used the phrase `` Rajpoot -LRB- Rajput -RRB- princes '' rather than `` Indian princes '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1829",
            "1800"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a9a1cbe1ee31400cb809f_s",
              "question": "When was the word Rajasthan first used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1829",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first usage of the word Rajasthan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7309_s",
          "context": ", the army is divided into the Regular Army , the Army Reserve , and the Army National Guard . The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery , Infantry , Aviation , Signal Corps , Corps of Engineers , and Armor . Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized -LRB- i.e. , activated -RRB- by the President . Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status : as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and , when activated , as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d58c8b3d812140066d700_s",
              "question": "When was the militia law enacted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1903",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Milita Act take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3912_s",
          "context": "The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm).",
          "c_entity": [
            "current"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7aac737bdd419002c42f4_s",
              "question": "When is the fileset copied from the hard disk to other media?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "current local time",
                  "answer_start": 343
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11390_s",
          "context": ", with executive power exercised by the president . It is influenced by the Westminster System model -LSB- citation needed -RSB- in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature . The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive ; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms . In the March 28 , 2015 presidential election , General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726dda25951b619008f808c_s",
              "question": "Who won the presidential election of Niger in 2015?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Muhammadu Buhari",
                  "answer_start": 426
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6587_s",
          "context": "However , the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning . The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics . There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops , which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership . After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991 , coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately . , with some planes fleeing to Iran , where they were interned for the duration of the conflict . The overwhelming technological advantages of the US , such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights , quickly turned the air war into a `` turkey shoot '' . The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target . Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft . Grainy video clips , shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets , were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war , compared by some to a video game . , the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat , under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein , many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own ; in one instance , Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a few days",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b495aec8fbc190045b962_s",
              "question": "When did the United States begin air strikes on Iraqi air defense and command and control facilities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "on 17 January 1991",
                  "answer_start": 545
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10650_s",
          "context": "There was a distinct difference between Kahnweiler 's Cubists and the Salon Cubists . Prior to 1914 , Picasso , Braque , Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler , who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works . Kahnweiler sold only to a small circle of connoisseurs . His support gave his artists the freedom to experiment in relative privacy . , while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War . Léger was based in Montparnasse .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c394f1498d1400e8ea92_s",
              "question": "Where was Leger in 1912?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Montparnasse",
                  "answer_start": 455
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Leger based around 1912? "
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8638_s",
          "context": ", who died in 1815 . Its promoter , director and organizer was Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga , as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in Salta . In 1816 its stock was 5,000 volumes . Construction began in 1926 and it was finally inaugurated in 1964 . Its current collection amounts to roughly 900,000 volumes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "luis crespi",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d7d789a1e219009abf9c_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder, director and organizer of Montevideo's first public library?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the promoter, director and organizer of the first public library in Montevideo?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8332_s",
          "context": "The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ba4d89a1e219009abd89_s",
              "question": "Where is apian from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandria",
                  "answer_start": 473
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Apprian from?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-465_s",
          "context": "The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline. Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf2f22aab44d1400b88dd7_s",
              "question": "When will diamonds be released forever?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 147
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Diamonds are Forever released?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-225_s",
          "context": "Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother , but his first professional music tutor , from 1816 to 1821 , was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny . , and occasionally played duets with her brother . It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy . By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts , and in 1817 he composed two polonaises , in G minor and B-flat major . His next work , a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 , dedicated to Żywny , is his earliest surviving musical manuscript .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cbdea66d243a140015edac_s",
              "question": "Who is frdouble233d233ric's first professional music teacher?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wojciech Żywny",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Frédéric's first professional teacher in music?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5781_s",
          "context": "Starting in 1984 , some of these DJs , inspired by Jesse Saunders ' success with `` On and On '' , tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions . These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders ' song , but the edited , enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored . These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences . , although the exact origins of the term are debated , `` house music '' encompassed these locally produced recordings . Subgenres of house , including deep house and acid house , quickly emerged and gained traction .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1984",
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            {
              "id": "57069bdd52bb891400689ad0_s",
              "question": "When did Jesse Sanders make it off and on?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1984",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was jesse saunders' \"on and on\" a hit?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10716_s",
          "context": "The first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia , around 1800 BC . Called the bloomery process , it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron . By 800 BC , arriving in Japan around 700 AD . Pig iron , a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon . Pig iron has a lower melting point than iron , and was used for making cast-iron . However , these metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC . These steels were of poor quality , and the introduction of pattern welding , around the 1st century AD , sought to balance the extreme properties of the alloys by laminating them , to create a tougher metal . Around 700 AD , the Japanese began folding bloomery-steel and cast-iron in alternating layers to increase the strength of their swords , using clay fluxes to remove slag and impurities . This method of Japanese swordsmithing produced one of the purest steel-alloys of the early Middle Ages .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "5726bb69dd62a815002e8e92_s",
              "question": "Where did the melting of iron begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Anatolia",
                  "answer_start": 42
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did smelting of iron begin?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2451_s",
          "context": "Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term heretic, such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story \"The Theologians\" within the compilation Labyrinths.",
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            {
              "id": "56de723e4396321400ee291c_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the short story theologian?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jorge Luis Borges",
                  "answer_start": 274
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              "original_question": "Who was the author of the short story \"The Theologians\"?"
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          "context": "The Caribbean initially provided England 's most important and lucrative colonies , but not before several attempts at colonisation failed . , and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits . The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil , which depended on slave labour , and -- at first -- Dutch ships , to sell the slaves and buy the sugar . To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands . This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces -- a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars -- which would eventually strengthen England 's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch . , England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish , and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas .",
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              "question": "When did Britain colonize the Bahamas?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1666",
                  "answer_start": 758
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did England colonize the Bahamas?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12609_s",
          "context": ", to add to Eton 's existing facilities of two swimming pools , 30 cricket squares , 24 football , rugby and hockey pitches and a gym . The UK Sports Council defended the deal on the grounds that the whole community would benefit , while the bursar claimed that Windsor , Slough and Eton Athletic Club was `` deprived '' because local people -LRB- who were not pupils at the College -RRB- did not have a world-class running track and facilities to train with . Steve Osborn , director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit , described the decision as `` staggering '' given the background of a substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country , a matter over which , however , neither the College nor the UK Sports Council , had any control . The facility , which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre , opened in April 1999 .",
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              "id": "5727d8cc4b864d1900163e6f_s",
              "question": "When did the Thames Valley Sports Center open?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "April 1999",
                  "answer_start": 834
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              "original_question": "When did the Thames Valley Athletics Centre open?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17452_s",
          "context": "In the northeast , Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area . The city of Rostov , the oldest centre of the northeast , was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by the city of Vladimir , which become the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal ' . , this way claiming the primacy in Rus ' . Prince Andrey then installed his younger brother , who ruled briefly in Kiev while Andrey continued to rule his realm from Suzdal . In 1299 , in the wake of the Mongol invasion , the metropolitan moved from Kiev to the city of Vladimir and Vladimir-Suzdal .",
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              "id": "5731403205b4da19006bcf3c_s",
              "question": "When did the Mongol invasion begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "In 1299",
                  "answer_start": 548
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              "original_question": "In what year did the mongol invasion begin?"
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        {
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          "context": ", King James I of Aragon , with an army composed of Aragonese , Catalans , Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava , laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender . Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave . Poets such as Ibn al-Abbar and Ibn Amira mourned this exile from their beloved Valencia . After the Christian victory and the expulsion of the Muslim population the city was divided between those who had participated in the conquest , according to the testimony in the Llibre del Repartiment -LRB- Book of Distribution -RRB- . James I granted the city new charters of law , the Furs of Valencia , which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia . Thenceforth the city entered a new historical stage in which a new society and a new language developed .",
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              "id": "570d4e88fed7b91900d45e58_s",
              "question": "When did Valencia surrender?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "28 September",
                  "answer_start": 159
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              "original_question": "When did Valencia surrender?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15513_s",
          "context": ". Three of Spielberg 's films -- Jaws -LRB- 1975 -RRB- -- achieved box office records , originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film . The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $ 9 billion worldwide , making him the highest-grossing director in history . His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $ 3 billion . , who composed music for all save five of Spielberg 's feature films .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318afba5e9cc1400cdc01f_s",
              "question": "When was the great white shark released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Jaws released?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8213_s",
          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore . The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731 , based in Pennsylvania . Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England , the Grand Lodge of Scotland , and the Grand Lodge of Ireland , which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army . Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726596df1498d1400e8dcd4_s",
              "question": "When was your first appointment as a provincial champion in North America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1731",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A Provincial Grand Master for North America was first appointed when?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6696_s",
          "context": ". The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade , when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy . Thomas Lovejoy , in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology , introduced the term to the scientific community . Until then the term `` natural diversity '' was common , introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study , `` The Preservation of Natural Diversity . '' , Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term `` biological diversity '' .",
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              "question": "Who introduced the concept of biodiversity to the scientific community?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Lovejoy",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3797_s",
          "context": "On 10 February 2010 . , Share our Dreams '' . The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee -LRB- NYOGOC -RRB- worked together with the International Olympic Committee -LRB- IOC -RRB- to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level . Off the competition fields , an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education , Olympic values , social challenges , and cultural diversity . The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77575_s",
              "question": "When was Nanjing declared host of the second summer Olympic Games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 February 2010",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-489_s",
          "context": "Thomas Newman returned as Spectre 's composer . Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production , Newman worked during filming .",
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            "secret service",
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              "question": "Who composed the music for the ghost?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Thomas Newman",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the music for Spectre?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14835_s",
          "context": ". It was written between 1940 and 1943 . '' , '' also due in part to wartime paper rationing . , it achieved greater popularity than in Britain . At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman , enabling The Road to Serfdom to reach a far wider audience than academics . The book is widely popular among those advocating individualism and classical liberalism .",
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              "id": "572a49233f37b31900478863_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for shortening the road to Serfdom to 1945?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Max Eastman",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for Road to Serfdom being shortened for Reader's Digest in 1945?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18360_s",
          "context": "The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m (229.66 ft) diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970.",
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              "id": "5731de9c0fdd8d15006c65c3_s",
              "question": "When was the Cathedral of brascompost completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 May 1970",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Cathedral of Brasília dedicated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15560_s",
          "context": "Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the \"ascending room\". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572e82aacb0c0d14000f120f_s",
              "question": "Who built the rising space in 1823?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Burton and Hormer",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the \"ascending room\", in 1823?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4914_s",
          "context": "Elizabeth I of England , primarily interested in trade with the east , collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions , using their own jargon . Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty . The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant , shortened to Levant Company , and soon known also as The Turkey Company , in 1581 . In 1582 , the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador , William Harebone . Compared to Anatolia , Levant also means `` land of the rising sun , Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56f8e5f29e9bad19000a06c0_s",
              "question": "Where is Elizabeth I?",
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                {
                  "text": "England",
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              "original_question": "Where was Elizabeth I from?"
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          "context": "In 1836 , at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult . Short -LRB- under five feet , or 152 cm -RRB- , dark , big-eyed and a cigar smoker , she initially repelled Chopin , who remarked , `` What an unattractive person la Sand is . Is she really a woman ? '' However . It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand . , in Polish , `` My tragedy '' . Sand , admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin , without realising that the affair , was over .",
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            {
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                  "text": "Marie d'Agoult",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
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              "original_question": "Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15035_s",
          "context": ". , Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression . , and the marriage was formally annulled in 1997 . , I associated politics only with anger , fear and loneliness '' she wrote in A Change of Heart , her book about depression . Thorne later married Richard Charlesworth , an architect , and moved to Bozeman , Montana , where she became active in local environmental groups such as the Greater Yellowstone Coalition .",
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              "question": "When was Kerry and his wife cancelled?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When did Kerry and his wife get an annullment?"
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          "context": "Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC . He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own . The aristocrats , who stood to lose an enormous amount of money , were bitterly opposed to this proposal . Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council . The theory , that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people , was counter to Roman constitutional theory . If carried to its logical end , this theory would remove all constitutional restraints on the popular will , and put the state under the absolute control of a temporary popular majority . His law was enacted , but Tiberius was murdered with 300 of his associates when he stood for reelection to the tribunate .",
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              "question": "Who has tried to pass a law that limits the amount of property everyone can own?",
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                {
                  "text": "Tiberius Gracchus",
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              "original_question": "Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9315_s",
          "context": ", when Mildred Burke won the original World Women 's title . The NWA , however . Upon Byers ' retirement in 1964 , The Fabulous Moolah , was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default .",
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              "question": "When did Byers retire in June?",
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              "original_question": "What year did June Byers retire? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11651_s",
          "context": ", published in 1776 . , advocating a system of free trade with division of labour . He postulated an `` invisible hand '' that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided only by self-interest . Karl Marx developed an alternative economic theory , called Marxian economics . Marxian economics is based on the labor theory of value and assumes the value of good to be based on the amount of labor required to produce it . Under this assumption , capitalism was based on employers not paying the full value of workers labor to create profit . The Austrian school responded to Marxian economics by viewing entrepreneurship as driving force of economic development . This replaced the labor theory of value by a system of supply and demand .",
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              "question": "Who is the name of Marxist economy?",
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              "original_question": "Who is Marxian economics named after?"
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          "context": "At this time , moved over to Universal , where he produced several films , among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson 's Anne of the Thousand Days -LRB- 1969 -RRB- . Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit , both films received Academy Award nominations , and Anne was nominated for Best Picture . , a sequel to True Grit -LRB- 1969 -RRB- . , reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film , their only film together . The film was only a moderate success .",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?"
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          "context": ", Eisenhower 's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene , Kansas , the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president . The president 's body was buried as a General of the Army . The family used an $ 80 standard soldier 's casket , and dressed Eisenhower 's body in his famous short green jacket . His only medals worn were : the Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Navy Distinguished Service Medal , and the Legion of Merit . Eisenhower is buried alongside his son Doud . His wife Mamie was buried next to him after her death in 1979 .",
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              "question": "When did Eisenhower's mother die?",
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              "original_question": "When did Mamie Eisenhower die?"
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          "context": "The largest private university in Uruguay , is also located in Montevideo . , and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996 , becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- It is a member of World ORT , Russia . The university has about 8,000 students , distributed among 5 faculties and institutes , mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering .",
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              "question": "When was the port of Uruguay officially accredited as a private university?",
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              "original_question": "When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?"
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          "context": "Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival . Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman . The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003 . , and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation '' .",
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          "context": ". Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad , New Spain , and named the site ` San Miguel ' . In November 1602 , Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast . Arriving on his flagship San Diego , a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá . On November 12 , 1602 , a member of Vizcaíno 's expedition , to celebrate the feast day of San Diego .",
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          "context": "After the German occupation of France in 1940 , Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany . British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States , but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war . , Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter , which included the statement that `` the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live '' should be respected . This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany , or the peoples colonised by European nations , and would later be interpreted differently by the British , Americans , and nationalist movements .",
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          "context": "However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus \"out of area\", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002.",
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              "original_question": "What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8893_s",
          "context": "Despite losing fan favorite Grace to free agency . The season started with Mack Newton being brought in to preach `` positive thinking . '' . , which halted the team 's momentum . The team was unable to make another serious charge , and finished at 88 -- 74 , five games behind both Houston and St. Louis , who tied for first .",
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          "context": ". The story about Panthera is also found in the Toledot Yeshu , the literary origins of which can not be traced with any certainty and given that it is unlikely to go before the 4th century , it is far too late to include authentic remembrances of Jesus . The Blackwell Companion to Jesus states that the Toledot Yeshu has no historical facts as such , and was perhaps created as a tool for warding off conversions to Christianity . The name Panthera may be a distortion of the term parthenos -LRB- virgin -RRB- and Raymond E. Brown considers the story of Panthera a fanciful explanation of the birth of Jesus which includes very little historical evidence . Robert Van Voorst states that given that Toledot Yeshu is a medieval document and due to its lack of a fixed form and orientation towards a popular audience , it is `` most unlikely '' to have reliable historical information .",
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              "original_question": "Where in Jewish literature is the story about Panthera found?"
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          "context": "The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit -LRB- PPU -RRB- developed by Ricoh . All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM , colors , and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen , and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection of background and sprite colors . The console 's 2 kB of onboard RAM may be used for tile maps and attributes on the NES board and 8 kB of tile pattern ROM or RAM may be included on a cartridge . The system has an available color palette of 48 colors and 6 grays . Up to 25 simultaneous colors may be used without writing new values mid-frame : a background color , four sets of three tile colors and four sets of three sprite colors . A total of 64 sprites may be displayed onscreen at a given time without reloading sprites mid-screen . The standard display resolution of the NES is 256 horizontal pixels by 240 vertical pixels .",
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          "context": ", Intel . The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs , addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces , and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB , as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices . A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel ; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995 .",
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              "original_question": "Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?"
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          "context": "The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple . It hosts several different schools of Buddhism , and does not have a single leader . It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe , more than nine metres high . There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement . A Hindu temple , dedicated to Ganesh , on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement , opened in 1985 .",
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                  "text": "The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple",
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          "context": "During the Hundred Years ' War . They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429 . A century later , during the French Wars of Religion . On 24 August 1572 , Paris was the site of the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre , when thousands of French Protestants were killed . The last of these wars , the eighth one , ended in 1594 . The city had been neglected for decades ; by the time of his assassination in 1610 , the first Paris bridge with sidewalks and not lined with buildings , linked with a new wing the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace , and created the first Paris residential square , the Place Royale , now Place des Vosges .",
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          "context": "However . For instance , which was certainly earlier than 135 , and may have been of the 1st century AD , likened it to the letter T -LRB- the Greek letter tau , which had the numeric value of 300 -RRB- , and to the position assumed by Moses in Exodus 17:11 -- 12 . Justin Martyr -LRB- 100 -- 165 -RRB- explicitly says the cross of Christ was of two-beam shape : `` That lamb which was commanded to be wholly roasted was a symbol of the suffering of the cross which Christ would undergo . For the lamb , which is roasted , is roasted and dressed up in the form of the cross . For one spit is transfixed right through from the lower parts up to the head , and one across the back , to which are attached the legs of the lamb . '' , who died around the end of the 2nd century , speaks of the cross as having `` five extremities , two in length , two in breadth , and one in the middle , on which -LSB- last -RSB- the person rests who is fixed by the nails . ''",
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              "question": "Who can be sure that the cross is made up of two bars?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Justin Martyr",
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              "original_question": "Who says with certainty that the cross was made out of two beams?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7800_s",
          "context": "Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s . Masayuki Uemura designed the system . Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive , more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles . A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware , after which work began on programming tools . Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time , no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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                  "text": "Masayuki Uemura",
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              "original_question": "Who designed the Famicom system?"
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          "context": "The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate -LRB- 30 seats ; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch ; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote . The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king . The last elections were held on 20 September 2013 . The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories . All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission .",
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                  "text": "20 September 2013",
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              "original_question": "When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?"
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          "context": "The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money.",
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              "original_question": "Where was the Roman abacus first used?"
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        {
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          "context": "In the last two decades , photovoltaics -LRB- PV -RRB- , also known as solar PV , has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source . A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect . The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s . In 1931 a German engineer , developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide . Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1 % of incident light into electricity . These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5 -- 6 % . By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20 % and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40 % .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles fritts",
            "james clerk maxwell",
            "russell ohl",
            "calvin fuller",
            "gerald pearson",
            "bruno lange",
            "daryl chapin",
            "ernst werner von siemens"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c316_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first solar cell?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Fritts",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the first solar cell?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-759_s",
          "context": ", Scout realizes what being female means , and several female characters influence her development . Scout 's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider . , both of whom are strong willed , independent , and protective . ; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him . The female characters who comment the most on Scout 's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view . For example , Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole , and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so . , one scholar writes , for with the use of first-person narration , she indicates that Scout . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom robinson",
            "jem",
            "jean louise",
            "atticus",
            "lee",
            "dubose",
            "mayella ewell",
            "miss maudie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d20469e7d4791d009025fd_s",
              "question": "Who is monitoring the way she dresses, accusing her of destroying her family name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mrs. Dubose",
                  "answer_start": 631
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18712_s",
          "context": "Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Many police forces suffer from police corruption to a greater or lesser degree. The police force is usually a public sector service, meaning they are paid through taxes.",
          "c_entity": [
            "early 19th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573297e560535514009162fa_s",
              "question": "When was the police used to protect the class system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 18th and early 19th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 237
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were police used to protect the class system?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1294_s",
          "context": "Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season 's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo , who both encouraged fans to vote for him . However , on April 18 , Sanjaya was voted off .",
          "c_entity": [
            "weeks",
            "april 18"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d6b_s",
              "question": "When was sanjaya eliminated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 18",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Sanjaya eliminated? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6919_s",
          "context": ", the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death . According to William E. Phipps . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "artemis",
            "william e. phipps",
            "mary",
            "gordon laing",
            "queen theodora"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4b18b3d812140066d08b_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of survivor of Roman religion",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William E. Phipps",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of the book, \"Survivals of Roman Religion?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8460_s",
          "context": "Before going to Iberia , Napoleon decided to address several lingering issues with the Russians . , Napoleon hoped to keep Russia on his side during the upcoming struggle in Spain and during any potential conflict against Austria . The two sides reached an agreement , the Erfurt Convention , that called upon Britain to cease its war against France , that recognized the Russian conquest of Finland from Sweden , and that affirmed Russian support for France in a possible war against Austria `` to the best of its ability . '' Napoleon then returned to France and prepared for war . The Grande Armée , under the Emperor 's personal command . After clearing the last Spanish force guarding the capital at Somosierra . He then unleashed his soldiers against Moore and the British forces . The British were swiftly driven to the coast , and they withdrew from Spain entirely after a last stand at the Battle of Corunna in January 1809 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "november 1808",
            "october 1808",
            "4 december"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a23c708984140094cc73_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of Coruna fought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1809",
                  "answer_start": 920
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Corunna fought?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6569_s",
          "context": "Secretary of War Elihu Root -LRB- 1899 . Root changed the procedures for promotions and organized schools for the special branches of the service . He also devised the principle of rotating officers from staff to line . , and wrote the charter of government for the Philippines .",
          "c_entity": [
            "u.s. army war college",
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            "nelson a. miles",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3a9eec8fbc190045b8f2_s",
              "question": "Who was the war minister who modernized the American army in the early 20th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elihu Root",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Secretary of War who modernized the US military at the beginning of the 20th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11861_s",
          "context": "A study in 2007 by Mark Long , an economics professor at the University of Washington , demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California , Texas , and Washington . More specifically , apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states , and the beneficiaries of class-based -LRB- not race -RRB- affirmative action would be white students . At the same time , affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly : 52 percent of white populace -LRB- compared to 14 percent of black -RRB- thought it should be abolished , implying white distaste of using racial identity , excluding possible cost of litigation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572769c2dd62a815002e9c77_s",
              "question": "When was his research report published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year did Long publish his study?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15257_s",
          "context": ", groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music , utilizing avant-garde noise , homemade instruments and found objects . Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party . In Brazil , with acts like Cabine C , Titãs , Patife Band , Fellini and Mercenárias , as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series , respectively . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "brazil",
            "não wave/não são paulo",
            "germany",
            "brasilia",
            "uk"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f7dba947a6a140053c9c0_s",
              "question": "Where is Mrs. Sartre 227?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brazil",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Madame Satã?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13735_s",
          "context": ", The Grand Design , that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe , but if the answer is God , then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God . Both authors claim however , that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science , and without invoking any divine beings . Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences . Following a biological comparative approach , he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists , and , although not visible , it is possible that we know some of his attributes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leonard mlodinow",
            "michael nikoletseas",
            "stephen hawking"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c0399f182dd1900d7c7ba_s",
              "question": "Who says God is like a problem in science?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Nikoletseas",
                  "answer_start": 353
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4130_s",
          "context": "Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation , from the Baroque era to the Romantic era , there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era . In the Baroque era , organ performers would improvise preludes , keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments . J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations . During the Classical era . During the Classical era , some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto . During the Romantic era . For more information , see Improvisation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mozart",
            "beethoven",
            "j.s. bach"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f6f3343d8e2e1400e372d9_s",
              "question": "Who is famous for its complicated improvisation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "J.S. Bach",
                  "answer_start": 508
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was noted for his complex improvisations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-213_s",
          "context": "Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin , penicillin G , but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945 . Later , Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk . The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945 . Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans . Furthermore , its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus , unlike the synthetic sulfonamides . The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented , and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety . For their successful development of penicillin , which Fleming had accidentally discovered but could not develop himself , as a therapeutic drug , Ernst Chain and Howard Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming . Florey credited Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds , which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey 's research in penicillin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1942",
            "1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d5f24776f41900661315_s",
              "question": "When can penicillin G be used outside the army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did penicillin G become available outside of military use?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11836_s",
          "context": "In the beginning , racial classifications that identified race were inherently suspect and subject to strict scrutiny . These classifications would only be upheld if necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest . Later the U.S. Supreme Court decided that racial classifications that benefited underrepresented minorities were to only be upheld if necessary and promoted a compelling governmental purpose . , and such rulings are rare .",
          "c_entity": [
            "u.s. supreme court",
            "j.a. croson co."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572739b6dd62a815002e99bc_s",
              "question": "Who later confirmed that racial classification should be maintained only when necessary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "U.S. Supreme Court",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who later confirmed that racial classifications were only to be upheld if they were necessary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4437_s",
          "context": ". The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya , and many others . The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia . At the time of his death , speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together . Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death .",
          "c_entity": [
            "francisco goya",
            "museum of yugoslav history",
            "tito",
            "house of flowers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82089aef2371900625e00_s",
              "question": "Who made the original of Los caprix?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Francisco Goya",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the original print of Los Caprichos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8185_s",
          "context": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood . Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame , and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts . Through early January , she felt `` weak and unwell '' , and by mid-January she was `` drowsy ... dazed , -LSB- and -RSB- confused '' . She died on Tuesday , 22 January 1901 , at half past six in the evening , at the age of 81 . Her son and successor King Edward VII , and her eldest grandson , were at her deathbed . Her favourite pet Pomeranian , was laid upon her deathbed as a last request .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edward vii",
            "wilhelm ii",
            "victoria",
            "turri",
            "wight"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267966708984140094c74d_s",
              "question": "Who is Queen Victoria's successor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Edward VII",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Queen Victoria's successor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8222_s",
          "context": "The first Grand Lodge , the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster -LRB- later called the Grand Lodge of England -LRB- GLE -RRB- -RRB- , when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner . Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body , which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion . However , many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual -LRB- they came to be known as the Moderns -RRB- , which they called the `` Antient Grand Lodge of England . '' These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual . They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "24 june 1717",
            "17 july 1751",
            "27 december 1813"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572665ad5951b619008f71a0_s",
              "question": "When was the United Hotel established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 December 1813",
                  "answer_start": 637
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The United Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8241_s",
          "context": ", control passed to the Mamluk sultans of Egypt . The country was located between the two centres of Mamluk power , Cairo and Damascus , and only saw some development along the postal road connecting the two cities . Jerusalem , also saw a flurry of new construction projects centred around the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound -LRB- the Temple Mount -RRB- . In 1266 the Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron into an exclusive Islamic sanctuary and banned Christians and Jews from entering .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b679ec44d21400f3d433_s",
              "question": "When did the Sultan's Bay bar in Mamluk become a cave for patriarchs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1266",
                  "answer_start": 353
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Mamluk Sultan Baybars convert to the Cave of Patriarchs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13058_s",
          "context": "Between 1346 and 1354 . The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school -LRB- also known as Yellow Hats -RRB- by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa , and the founding of the important Ganden , Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa . However , internal strife within the dynasty and the strong localism of the various fiefs and political-religious factions led to a long series of internal conflicts . The minister family Rinpungpa , dominated politics after 1435 . In 1565 they were overthrown by the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the Karma Kagyu sect .",
          "c_entity": [
            "je tsongkhapa",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d47eff5b5019007d9651_s",
              "question": "Who founded the lucky school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "disciples of Je Tsongkhapa",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Gelug school?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13120_s",
          "context": "After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed.",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert heinrich wagner"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728016b4b864d19001641e6_s",
              "question": "Who carried out the strict germination policy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7257_s",
          "context": "The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos , descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502 . From 1609 through 1614 , the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa . , where they constituted a fifth of the population , where they were roughly a third of the total population . The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613 . The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles , who had lost much of their agricultural labour force ; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come . Later , during the so-called Catalan Revolt -LRB- 1640 -- 1652 -RRB- , Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money , resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kingdom of aragon",
            "valencia",
            "north africa",
            "spain"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d5aabfed7b91900d45f07_s",
              "question": "Where did the Morrisons go after they were deported from Spain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "North Africa",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Moriscos go when they were forced out of Spain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14722_s",
          "context": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
          "c_entity": [
            "ocean"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a24703f37b31900478731_s",
              "question": "Where did the Ottoman Empire and the Portuguese fight at sea in the 16th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Indian Ocean",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2699_s",
          "context": "Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 . , Conkling left Columbia , he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. . Records , and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company . , Columbia founded another label , Date Records , which initially issued rockabilly music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1958",
            "1953",
            "1956"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f3f_s",
              "question": "When was the epic record created?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Epic Records created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2237_s",
          "context": "The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House , London . The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place , London , in February 1934 , and continued broadcasting the 30-line images , carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park , by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete .",
          "c_entity": [
            "22 august 1932",
            "february 1934",
            "11 september 1935"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de66ce4396321400ee288d_s",
              "question": "When did the BBC change the studio for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1934",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the BBC first change studios?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2119_s",
          "context": "Judicial power -- the power to decide cases and controversies . The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate , hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office . If a court 's judges do not have such attributes , the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States . Courts exercising the judicial power are called `` constitutional courts . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "senate",
            "supreme court"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de3c8acffd8e1900b4b6ba_s",
              "question": "Who gives the president advice and approval of the date of the hearing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Senate",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8175_s",
          "context": "Russell 's ministry , though Whig , was not favoured by the Queen . She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary , Lord Palmerston , who often acted without consulting the Cabinet , the Prime Minister , or the Queen . Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge , but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative , despite her repeated remonstrances . It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government 's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte 's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister . , President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III , by which time Russell 's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the following year",
            "1851"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723fa94f6b826140030fd21_s",
              "question": "When was Palmerston removed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1851",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Palmerston removed from office?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8943_s",
          "context": ", West Germany had eleven states . , Württemberg-Hohenzollern , and Württemberg-Baden -RRB- merged to form Baden-Württemberg . From 1957 , when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland , the Federal Republic consisted of ten states . West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one . However , it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949",
            "1957",
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            "1952"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57291a3e1d04691400779038_s",
              "question": "When was sallan formed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Saarland form?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4973_s",
          "context": "The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960 . Under the Song , the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China . After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident , Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin ` an . Renowned for its prosperity and beauty . From then on , north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been synonymous with luxury and opulence in Chinese culture . , but its economy continued to prosper . Marco Polo visited the city , which he called `` Kinsay '' -LRB- after the Chinese Jingshi , meaning `` Capital City '' -RRB- claiming it was `` the finest and noblest city in the world '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1127",
            "1279",
            "time"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9839d9e9bad19000a09f8_s",
              "question": "When did the North lose to Nuzhen in the Jin Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1127",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2894_s",
          "context": ", after the failure of GKChP , in the presence of Gorbachev , Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia . On November 6 , he went further , banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 6",
            "august 23"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac337_s",
              "question": "When was the Soviet Communist Party banned from working in the Security Council of the Russian Federation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 6",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14656_s",
          "context": "In 1807 , in its modern sense . , and in 1853 . The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century , and applies to any isolated system . It was argued for some years whether heat was a physical substance , dubbed the caloric , or merely a physical quantity , such as momentum . In 1845 James Prescott Joule discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gustave-gaspard coriolis",
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            "james prescott joule",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e6923f37b319004785b6_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the connection between mechanical work and thermal production?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Prescott Joule",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10365_s",
          "context": "The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence . However , the Philippines , a predominantly Roman Catholic country , the last carnival in the country . In historically Lutheran countries , the celebration is known as Fastelavn , and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists , pre-Lenten celebrations , along with penitential observances , occur on Shrove Tuesday . In Eastern Orthodox nations . In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands . This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin 's Day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267a3ef1498d1400e8e10e_s",
              "question": "When does fastelavn appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shrove Tuesday",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does Fastelavn occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5412_s",
          "context": "Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa.",
          "c_entity": [
            "north africa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706498475f01819005e7b0a_s",
              "question": "Where are many dark skinned communities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "North Africa",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were numerous dark-skinned communities? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15140_s",
          "context": "The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism. The section Paralogisms of Pure Reason is an implicit critique of Descartes' idealism. Kant says that it is not possible to infer the 'I' as an object (Descartes' cogito ergo sum) purely from \"the spontaneity of thought\". Kant focused on ideas drawn from British philosophers such as Locke, Berkeley and Hume but distinguished his transcendental or critical idealism from previous varieties;",
          "c_entity": [
            "1787"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b720e34ae481900deae1f_s",
              "question": "When was the second edition published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1787",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the second edition published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16488_s",
          "context": "The university's first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt. Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees. Early on, Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community, including John O'Fallon, but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment. Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment. The institution had no backing of a religious organization, single wealthy patron, or earmarked government support.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1853"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f31b3a23a5019007fc4d0_s",
              "question": "When did Washington University get the license?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1853",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Washington University secure its charter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7244_s",
          "context": ", a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic . It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy , as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie , but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment . , and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid , marking the end of the first republic . Despite the Bourbon restoration , after which the Republicans , led by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez , gained considerably more of the popular vote .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1873",
            "11 january 1875",
            "29 december 1874",
            "7 august",
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            "19 july"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d4227fed7b91900d45dca_s",
              "question": "When did Alfonso 22 arrive in Valencia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 January 1875",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Alfonso XXII reach Valencia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2921_s",
          "context": "During the war years Universal did have a co-production arrangement with producer Walter Wanger and his partner , director Fritz Lang , lending the studio some amount of prestige productions . Universal 's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters , and the studio continued to please the public with low - to medium-budget films . -- 46 -RRB- -- 43 -RRB- , Jr. -LRB- 1943 -- 45 -RRB- . : Saboteur -LRB- 1942 -RRB- and Shadow of a Doubt -LRB- 1943 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "sherlock holmes",
            "fritz lang",
            "walter wanger",
            "gloria jean",
            "nigel bruce"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e15d98e3433e1400422e0c_s",
              "question": "Who is Walter Wanger's executive partner?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fritz Lang",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the directorial partner of Walter Wanger?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17420_s",
          "context": "Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub , and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports . One such example of this is The Terminal , a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal and must survive only on the food and shelter provided by the airport . They are also one of the major elements in movies such as The V.I.P.s , Airplane ! , Die Hard 2 , Soul Plane , Jackie Brown , Get Shorty , Home Alone , Liar Liar , Passenger 57 , Final Destination -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Unaccompanied Minors , Catch Me If You Can , Rendition and The Langoliers . They have also played important parts in television series like Lost , The Amazing Race , America 's Next Top Model , Cycle 10 which have significant parts of their story set within airports . In other programmes and films , airports are merely indicative of journeys , e.g. Good Will Hunting .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573096e32461fd1900a9ced7_s",
              "question": "When was the final destination of the film published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 608
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the movie Final Destination released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16623_s",
          "context": "Near the intersection of Craycroft and Ft. Lowell Roads are the remnants of the Historic Fort Lowell . This area has become one of Tucson 's iconic neighborhoods . In 1891 , the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin . In 1900 , three of the officer buildings were purchased for use as a sanitarium . The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928 . -- transforming them into spectacular artistic southwestern architectural examples . Their woodwork , plaster treatment and sense of proportion drew on their Dutch heritage and New Mexican experience . Other artists and academics throughout the middle of the 20th century , including , Charels Bode , renovated adobes , built homes and lived in the area . This rural pocket in the middle of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Each year in February the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark it owns and restored the San Pedro Chapel .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "jack kerouac",
            "veronica hughart",
            "edward",
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            "madame cheruy",
            "win ellis",
            "nan",
            "ruth brown",
            "rosamond spicer",
            "harvey adkins",
            "pete",
            "charles bolsius",
            "alan harrington"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301e40a23a5019007fcdbb_s",
              "question": "Who bought the sanatorium in the 1920s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harvey Adkins",
                  "answer_start": 408
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought The sanitarium in 1928?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7953_s",
          "context": "The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines . The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle . Tacoma . Rails on city streets were paved over or removed . This left an extensive network of privately owned buses -LRB- later public -RRB- as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a33e510f8ca1400304f63_s",
              "question": "When was Seattle's first tram used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were the first streetcars used in Seattle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16975_s",
          "context": "The battle of Iwo Jima (\"Operation Detachment\") in February 1945 was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans in the Pacific War. Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands. Holland Smith, the commander of the invasion force, aimed to capture the island, and utilize its three airfields as bases to carry out air attacks against the Home Islands. Lt. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander of the island's defense, knew that he could not win the battle, but he hoped to make the Americans suffer far more than they could endure.",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 1945"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323efae17f3d140042278c_s",
              "question": "When did \"detachment operation\" happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1945",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did \"Operation Detachment\" occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2729_s",
          "context": "Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor and is one of the primary travel corridors into neighboring Texas and Mexico . Located in the Frontier Country region of the state , the city 's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers . The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 . , in which 168 people died . , and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "september 11, 2001",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df33ca8bc80c19004e497d_s",
              "question": "When was the city founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the city founded?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-638_s",
          "context": "New York City is home to Fort Hamilton , the U.S. military 's only active duty installation within the city . Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution , it is one of America 's longest serving military forts . It also houses the 1179th Transportation Brigade , the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron , and a military entrance processing station . Other formerly active military reservations still utilized for National Guard and military training or reserve operations in the city include Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island and Fort Totten in Queens .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe836234ae51400d9c064_s",
              "question": "When was Hamilton castle built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Fort Hamilton built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4919_s",
          "context": ". Its author , Thomas Taylor Meadows , was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resources on a false threat from Russia against China . Toward the end of the letter he said :",
          "c_entity": [
            "oriental club",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8e98f9b226e1400dd11bb_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of this letter to the times?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Taylor Meadows",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of the letter sent to the Times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18576_s",
          "context": "While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948 , actual implementation had been slow . , saying `` I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in the District of Columbia , including the Federal Government , and any segregation in the Armed Forces '' . When he encountered opposition from the services , he used government control of military spending to force the change through , stating `` Wherever Federal Funds are expended ... , I do not see how any American can justify ... a discrimination in the expenditure of those funds '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1c_s",
              "question": "When does the U.S. Army begin to withdraw?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4056_s",
          "context": "An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai , while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng , the local gang ringleader . The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang 's gambling dens , prostitution , and protection rackets undisturbed . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "huang jinrong",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56eaaa215a205f1900d6d3ce_s",
              "question": "Who are the gang leaders in the same area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Du Yuesheng",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9275_s",
          "context": "Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls , professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe , and is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry . While it has greatly declined in Europe . The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet , and wrestling -LRB- along with boxing -RRB- was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57262e6bec44d21400f3dbc8_s",
              "question": "Where did wrestling first come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did wrestling originally come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17986_s",
          "context": "In 1970 , President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat . Sadat switched Egypt 's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States . He launched the Infitah economic reform policy , while clamping down on religious and secular opposition . , Egypt , along with Syria . it presented Sadat with a victory that allowed him to regain the Sinai later in return for peace with Israel .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1972"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315e23e6313a140071ce9e_s",
              "question": "When did Nasser die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nasser die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8452_s",
          "context": "The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort . It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil . Napoleon went on to say , `` The battle of Austerlitz is the finest of all I have fought . '' Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality , and what used to be French foreign policy became a `` personal Napoleonic one '' . Vincent Cronin disagrees , stating that Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself , `` he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "italy",
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            "germany",
            "lunéville",
            "austerlitz",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572695e8dd62a815002e8a62_s",
              "question": "Where did the failure of the Allies make Emperor Francis doubt the possibility of war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Austerlitz",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Allied defeat at what location caused Emperor Francis to doubt the chances of the war effort?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18322_s",
          "context": "The Plymouth Brethren are a conservative , low church , evangelical movement , whose history can be traced to Dublin , Ireland , in the late 1820s , originating from Anglicanism . Among other beliefs , the group emphasizes sola scriptura . Brethren generally see themselves not as a denomination , but as a network , or even as a collection of overlapping networks , of like-minded independent churches . -- a stance that some of them still maintain -- the title The Brethren , is one that many of their number are comfortable with in that the Bible designates all believers as brethren .",
          "c_entity": [
            "years",
            "1820s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57320e1ee17f3d1400422636_s",
              "question": "When did the Plymouth brothers form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1820s",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Plymouth Brethren originate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15819_s",
          "context": "Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom , the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties -- with about one third killed -- would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London . The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced , from 75 in 1922 , to 150 in 1934 , to 644 in 1937 . News reports of the Spanish Civil War , such as the bombing of Barcelona , supported the 50-casualties-per-tonne estimate . By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks . In addition to high explosive and incendiary bombs the enemy would possibly use poison gas and even bacteriological warfare , all with a high degree of accuracy . In 1939 military theorist Basil Liddell-Hart predicted that 250,000 deaths and injuries in Britain could occur in the first week of war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "basil liddell-hart",
            "committee on imperial defence"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa09004bcaa1900d76b17_s",
              "question": "Who was the military theorist of 1939 who said that 250000 people might have been killed in the first week of the British war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Basil Liddell-Hart",
                  "answer_start": 892
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18642_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute , in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial , better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine 's best-known works -LRB- 1838 -RRB- . After Heine 's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected , allegedly for anti-Semitic motives , his incensed German-American admirers , including Carl Schurz , started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan , at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street . However , this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism , aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1797",
            "1856",
            "1838"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326a2be17f3d1400422969_s",
              "question": "When was the Lorelei fountain written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1838",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Lorelei Fountain written about?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1817_s",
          "context": "China 's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department . , about half of China 's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1895",
            "three years later",
            "this day"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddd2029a695914005b95f6_s",
              "question": "When was Tianjin Imperial University of technology founded in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17899_s",
          "context": "Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience . Being a classically educated official , who , because of the weakness of regular Ming troops , had decided to form his own `` private '' army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century . Qi Jiguang 's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops ' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised . However , the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military , which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government .",
          "c_entity": [
            "xiang army",
            "zeng guofan",
            "qi jiguang"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315dcae6313a140071ce98_s",
              "question": "Who inspired Zeng Guofan to create his own army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Qi Jiguang",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9984_s",
          "context": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of `` Like a Virgin '' at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards -LRB- VMA -RRB- . She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake , wearing a wedding dress and white gloves . The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history . , Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance . The next hit was `` Material Girl '' promoted by her video . While filming this video , Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. . Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide . In February 1984 , according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough , Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone , but he rejected her .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 1984",
            "1953",
            "later years",
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269d8ff1498d1400e8e4fc_s",
              "question": "When did Madonna play a dance role in the show chorus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1984",
                  "answer_start": 618
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Madonna audition for a dance role in the show \"A Chorus Line?\" "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7917_s",
          "context": ". The city 's chief harbor , Elliott Bay , is part of Puget Sound , which makes the city an oceanic port . To the west ; to the east .",
          "c_entity": [
            "seattle",
            "union",
            "sammamish",
            "olympic mountains",
            "kitsap peninsula",
            "salmon",
            "washington",
            "olympic peninsula",
            "lake",
            "cascade range",
            "elliott bay",
            "puget sound",
            "shilshole",
            "ship canal",
            "pacific ocean"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5719dfda4faf5e1900b8a832_s",
              "question": "Where is Seattle's main port?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elliott Bay",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Seattle's prime harbor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5780_s",
          "context": "The hypnotic electronic dance song `` On and On '' , had elements that became staples of the early house sound , such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland -LRB- specifically TR-808 -RRB- drum machine and Korg -LRB- specifically Poly-61 -RRB- synthesizer . It also utilized the bassline from Player One 's disco record `` Space Invaders '' -LRB- 1979 -RRB- . `` On and On '' is sometimes cited as the ` first house record ' , though other examples from around that time , have also been cited .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1984",
            "1979",
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069b7b52bb891400689aca_s",
              "question": "When was the space invader player released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 385
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was player one's \"space invaders\" released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-43_s",
          "context": "The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849 . The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty . With each new president , new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them . , which housed the university 's administration , classrooms , and dormitories . , a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1879",
            "beginning in 1873",
            "1865",
            "1849"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573385394776f41900660c7f_s",
              "question": "When was the first degree awarded at Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1849",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at Notre Dame?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10851_s",
          "context": ". He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one : `` Do n't be afraid '' , he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical , `` in twenty years time they 'll call me a prophet . '' His biography on the Vatican 's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that '' -LSB- t -RSB- he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edouard gagnon",
            "paul vi",
            "john paul ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d88add62a815002e9254_s",
              "question": "Who said \"don't be afraid\" when Paul VI issued the birth control proclamation in the church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edouard Gagnon",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Paul VI tell \"not to be afraid\" when the church released its statement on birth control?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14392_s",
          "context": "During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life. They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect kiri-sute gomen (斬り捨て御免?), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed rōnin became a social problem.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 17th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f0992ca10214002daae5_s",
              "question": "When was the last time a warrior fought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the early 17th century",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When had samurai last been used in battle?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18638_s",
          "context": "Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing , in which Bronx DJs -LRB- Disc Jockeys -RRB- including Grandmaster Flash , Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records , a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk , disco and soul songs . As hip hop 's popularity grew , performers began speaking -LRB- `` rapping '' -RRB- in sync with the beats , and became known as MCs or emcees . The Herculoids , and DJ Clark Kent , were the earliest to gain major fame . The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as `` The Boogie Down Bronx '' , or just `` The Boogie Down '' . This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One 's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP , or Boogie Down Productions , which included DJ Scott La Rock . Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Big Pun , Lord Toriq and Peter Gunz , Swizz Beatz , Drag-On , Fat Joe , Terror Squad and Corey Gunz .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dj scott la rock",
            "dj kool herc",
            "bronx",
            "camp lo",
            "coke"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573266f8b9d445190005eaf1_s",
              "question": "Where do the great puns come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Bronx",
                  "answer_start": 814
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Big Pun from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15302_s",
          "context": "The British -- by inclination as well as for practical reasons -- had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent . , particularly France. : 15 -- 16 By subsidising the armies of continental allies , Britain could turn London 's enormous financial power to military advantage . In the Seven Years ' War , the British chose as their principal partner the greatest general of the day , Frederick the Great of Prussia , then the rising power in central Europe , and paid Frederick substantial subsidies for his campaigns. : 106 This was accomplished in the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 , in which Britain ended its long-standing alliance with Austria in favor of Prussia , leaving Austria to side with France . In marked contrast to France , Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies , taking full advantage of its naval power . : 64 -- 66 The British pursued a dual strategy -- naval blockade and bombardment of enemy ports , and rapid movement of troops by sea . They harassed enemy shipping and attacked enemy colonies , frequently using colonists from nearby British colonies in the effort .",
          "c_entity": [
            "frederick",
            "continental"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ead8003f9891900756921_s",
              "question": "Who led the military to support Britain's interests in Central Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick the Great of Prussia",
                  "answer_start": 407
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the armies supporting British interests in central Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4504_s",
          "context": "In 1999 , a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees , mostly women . , a process that requires half as many employees . Operating costs exceeded revenue , and the plant 's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure . But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help . After the plant closed , it was taken over by the government , which had been the guarantor of a $ 2 million loan to the business . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "1999"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f96f929b226e1400dd144a_s",
              "question": "When was the tuna file system established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5653_s",
          "context": "The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk . Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house , the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions . , the hotel 's owner , Daniel White , taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim , commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel . Rising 16 stories , the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city 's best-known landmarks . The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1879",
            "1914"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706160975f01819005e7967_s",
              "question": "When did the trammel hotel open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1879",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was The Traymore Hotel begun?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4441_s",
          "context": "The court , however , explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was `` not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions , as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances '' . Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito , incorporating a 10-meter statue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "slovenia",
            "velenje",
            "tito square"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8262eaef2371900625e36_s",
              "question": "Where is villenger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Slovenia",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Velenje located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16931_s",
          "context": "From as early as 1935 Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were , because of their oil reserves , of considerable importance to Japan . By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China , Malaya . Japanese troop build ups in Hainan , Taiwan , and Haiphong were noted , and Admiral Sankichi Takahashi was reported as saying a showdown with the United States was necessary .",
          "c_entity": [
            "japanese army",
            "east indies",
            "greater east asia co-prosperity sphere",
            "sankichi takahashi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cd5be17f3d1400422424_s",
              "question": "Who says it is necessary for Japan and the United States to show their cards?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Admiral Sankichi Takahashi",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said a showdown between Japan and the United States would be necessary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10562_s",
          "context": "At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe , eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states . Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East , and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries . , the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi , who became Hungary 's regent-governor -LRB- 1446 -- 1453 -RRB- . Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ottomans",
            "vladislaus",
            "pius ii",
            "athleta christi",
            "john hunyadi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727721add62a815002e9d07_s",
              "question": "Who was appointed Regent governor of the kingdom of Hungary in 1446?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "count John Hunyadi",
                  "answer_start": 354
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17136_s",
          "context": "From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC , the Iranian peoples , together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms , fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire , based in northern Mesopotamia . Under king Cyaxares , as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians , and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire . The civil war ravaged the Assyrian Empire between 616 BC and 605 BC , thus freeing their respective peoples from three centuries of Assyrian rule . The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the foundation of the Median Empire which , by 612 BC . This marked the end of the Kingdom of Urartu as well , which was subsequently conquered and dissolved .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nabopolassar",
            "anatolia",
            "cyaxares"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffa37947a6a140053cec9_s",
              "question": "Who can lead the Persians in alliance with the Medes, the Babylonians, the sigils, and the Simeonites to fight the Assyrians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "king Cyaxares",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17528_s",
          "context": "In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice Islands; while Fanny records that they made landfall at Funafuti, Niutao and Nanumea, Jane Resture suggests that it was more likely they landed at Nukufetau rather than Funafuti. An account of this voyage was written by Fanny Stevenson and published under the title The Cruise of the Janet Nichol, together with photographs taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1890"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730cac5f6cb411900e244b9_s",
              "question": "When will Robert Louis Stevenson drive Janet Nicole?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1890",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Robert Louis Stevenson sail on the ship Janet Nicoll?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5023_s",
          "context": "In April 2008 , a £ 90m contract was signed with Boeing for a `` quick fix '' solution : QinetiQ will downgrade the Chinooks -- stripping out some of their more advanced equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2010",
            "april 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f990289b226e1400dd158d_s",
              "question": "When was the Boeing agreement signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 2008",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Boeing contract signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2266_s",
          "context": "As a Republican , in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis . , to serve the remainder of Davis 's term . , to serve a full term as governor , defeating Democrat Phil Angelides . In 2011 , Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2011",
            "january 5, 2007",
            "time",
            "november 7, 2006",
            "november 17",
            "october 7, 2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When did Schwarzenegger's second term as governor end?",
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          "context": "In July 1953 , an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950 . The armistice and boundary remain in effect today , with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it . The armistice , concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles , South Korean President Syngman Rhee . , and limited war unwinnable .",
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              "question": "Who was the president of South Korea at the time of the ceasefire?",
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          "context": "In 1899 , the university opened a national design contest for the new campus . The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities . The cornerstone of the first building , Busch Hall . The construction of Brookings Hall , Ridgley , and Cupples began shortly thereafter . The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned . This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus ; Cope & Stewardson 's original plan and its choice of building materials have , with few exceptions .",
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              "question": "When did the University of Washington hold a national design competition for the new campus?",
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          "context": "Italy became a major industrialized country again , due to its post-war economic miracle . The European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- involved the division of powers , with taxation , health and education handled by the nation states , while the EU had charge of market rules , competition , legal standards and environmentalism . The Soviet economic and political system collapsed , leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989 . As a consequence , Europe 's integration deepened , the continent became depolarised , and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries .",
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              "question": "When did communism become an ally of the Soviet Union?",
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          "context": "In Britain , further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal . , hosting house and dance scene events . The ` chilling out ' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF 's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin . The Godskitchen superclub brand also began in the midst of the early 90 's rave scene . , the associated events scaled up in Milton Keynes . A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90 's . , bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house 's international influence . Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb 's `` Little Fluffy Clouds '' -LRB- with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones -RRB- and the Happy Mondays ' `` Wrote for Luck '' -LRB- `` WFL '' -RRB- which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke .",
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              "original_question": "where did the \"chilling out\" concept develop?"
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          "context": "From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend to portray the history of science in different terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science.",
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          "context": "iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that \"the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears\"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]",
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              "original_question": "When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?"
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          "context": "The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages . , the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge , West Farms and Morrisania to New York ; the three towns were abolished in the process . In 1895 , Queens and Staten Island , the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River , were annexed to the city . City Island , a nautical community .",
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          "context": "During this period Boston flourished culturally as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families—eventually dubbed Boston Brahmins—coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites.",
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          "context": "-- 912 -RRB- of Prince Oleg , who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev . Sviatoslav I -LRB- died 972 -RRB- achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus ' territorial control , fighting a war of conquest against the Khazar Empire . -- 1015 -RRB- introduced Christianity with his own baptism and , by decree , that of all the inhabitants of Kiev and beyond . -- 1054 -RRB- ; his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code , the Rus ' Justice , shortly after his death .",
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              "question": "Who were the early rulers of Kiev?",
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          "context": ", albeit limited , for the first time since 1917 , when they elected the new Congress of People 's Deputies . Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature 's deliberations , where people witnessed the previously feared Communist leadership being questioned and held accountable . , which quickly led to the toppling of the Communist government in Warsaw that summer -- which in turn sparked uprisings that overthrew communism in the other five Warsaw Pact countries before the end of 1989 , the year the Berlin Wall fell . ; rather , they preferred to abandon it altogether .",
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              "question": "Where was the Communist government first overthrown?",
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          "context": "Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory , revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits , Interest and Investment -LRB- 1939 -RRB- and The Pure Theory of Capital -LRB- 1941 -RRB- , but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were largely ignored , except for scathing critiques by Nicholas Kaldor . , who had embraced the Austrian theory of the business cycle in The Great Depression -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , later regretted having written the book and accepted many of the Keynesian counter-arguments .",
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              "question": "Who specifically criticized Hayek's work after price and production?",
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          "context": "As of November 2008 , there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder . Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of `` kidnapping with bodily injury . '' . , raped in Tennessee , and murdered in Kentucky . , but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for `` kidnapping with bodily injury . ''",
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          "context": "In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey . , Princess of Wales , was held at the Abbey .",
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          "context": "Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as \"rock and roll\" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was \"Boll Weevil Song\" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as \"not too far out in either direction\".",
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              "question": "Who listed the first \"\\ \\ \\ \\ 351\" on a simple listening card?",
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          "context": "Hayek 's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger . He had a wide-reaching influence on contemporary economics , politics , philosophy , sociology , psychology and anthropology . For example , Hayek 's discussion in The Road to Serfdom -LRB- 1944 -RRB- about truth , falsehood and the use of language influenced some later opponents of postmodernism .",
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          "context": "Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks , 450 miles -LRB- 720 km -RRB- of which are known for `` blue-ribbon '' trout fishing . Montana 's water resources provide for recreation , hydropower , crop and forage irrigation , mining , and water for human consumption . Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds -LRB- i.e. where two continental divides intersect -RRB- . Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean .",
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              "question": "Where does the river from Montana flow?",
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              "original_question": "What ocean do rivers flow into from Montana?"
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          "context": "In February 1975 . , avoiding the extremes of left and right . Before he had finished . It was Hayek 's The Constitution of Liberty . Interrupting our pragmatist , she held the book up for all of us to see . ` This ' , she said sternly , ` is what we believe ' , and banged Hayek down on the table '' .",
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              "question": "Who did Thatcher meet shortly after she was elected head of the party?",
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          "context": "In 2003 , a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre . With a few exceptions . Motorists who are residents of the defined zone can buy a greatly reduced season pass . London government initially expected the Congestion Charge Zone to increase daily peak period Underground and bus users by 20,000 people , reduce road traffic by 10 to 15 per cent , increase traffic speeds by 10 to 15 per cent , and reduce queues by 20 to 30 per cent .",
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          "context": "While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken , it did not collapse . Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region , though on these occasions with American approval , as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan 's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States . , Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez , which included the ones in the Middle East , and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore . The British withdrew from Aden in 1967 .",
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              "question": "When did Britain withdraw from Aden?",
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              "original_question": "When did Britain withdraw from Aden?"
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          "context": ", written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD . The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan . The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men : Socrates , and `` the wise king '' of the Jews . Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the `` king of the Jews '' is about the crucifixion of Jesus , while others place less value in the letter , given the possible ambiguity in the reference .",
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          "context": "The official introduction of the metric system in September 1799 was unpopular in large sections of French society . Napoleon 's rule greatly aided adoption of the new standard not only across France but also across the French sphere of influence . -- a system of measure that resembled the pre-revolutionary units but were based on the kilogram and the metre ; for example the livre metrique -LRB- metric pound -RRB- was 500 g instead of 489.5 g -- the value of the livre du roi -LRB- the king 's pound -RRB- . Other units of measure were rounded in a similar manner .",
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          "context": "The French forces tried to subdue and capture the liberal government based in Saltillo . On September 21 , 1864 , José María Patoni and Jesús González Ortega lost against the French forces at the Battle of Estanzuelas . , in turn . -- 5 , 1864 . Perceiving the threat from the advancing French forces . On October 12 , 1864 , the people of the state gave President Juárez an overwhelmingly supportive reception , led by Governor Ángel Trías . On October 15 .",
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              "original_question": "French forces tried to capture the liberal government based where?"
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          "context": ". He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes . , the cardinals chose a man who -- it was presumed because of his advanced age -- would be a short-term or `` stop-gap '' pope . They wished to choose a candidate who would do little during the new pontificate . Upon his election , what name he would take for himself . This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen ; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism several centuries before .",
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              "id": "572802ca3acd2414000df223_s",
              "question": "Who was the last person to choose the name John?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antipope John XXIII",
                  "answer_start": 462
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last to choose the name John?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-367_s",
          "context": "In 1565 , the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers , and established his base of power at Shigatse . , took control of the whole of Central Tibet -LRB- Ü-Tsang -RRB- , reigning from 1611 -- 1621 . Despite this , the leaders of Lhasa still claimed their allegiance to the Phagmodru as well as the Gelug , while the Ü-Tsang king allied with the Karmapa . Tensions rose between the nationalistic Ü-Tsang ruler and the Mongols who safeguarded their Mongol Dalai Lama in Lhasa . The fourth Dalai Lama refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king , which sparked a conflict as the latter began assaulting Gelug monasteries . In 1618 . The Ü-Tsang ruler had a large number of Gelugpa lamas killed , and outlawed any attempts to find another Dalai Lama . In 1621 . Despite the new Dalai Lama 's diplomatic efforts to maintain friendly relations with the new Ü-Tsang ruler -- 1657 -RRB- , the Dalai Lama 's chief steward and treasurer at Drepung , made efforts to overthrow the Ü-Tsang king , which led to another conflict . In 1633 , the Gelugpas and several thousand Mongol adherents defeated the Ü-Tsang king 's troops near Lhasa before a peaceful negotiation was settled . , this time as the military arm of the Dalai Lama . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "sonam rapten",
            "karma kargyu",
            "dalai lama",
            "karma phuntsok namgyal",
            "goldstein",
            "sera",
            "karma tenkyong",
            "tsangpa",
            "yonten gyatso",
            "lozang gyatso",
            "karma tseten",
            "chen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866c_s",
              "question": "Who rejected the audience with 220 Tsang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The fourth Dalai Lama",
                  "answer_start": 508
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who refused an audience with the Ü-Tsang king?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18367_s",
          "context": "Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature . Published in 2008 , The World In Grey , by author Ryan J. Lucero . : `` Between parallels 15 and 20 , around a lake which shall be formed ; A great civilization will thrive , and that will be the Promised Land . '' Brasília lies between the parallels 15 ° S and 20 ° S , where an artificial lake -LRB- Paranoá Lake -RRB- was formed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dom bosco",
            "don bosco",
            "ryan j. lucero"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e1b0e99e3014001e63a5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote grey world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ryan J. Lucero",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'The World In Grey'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5714_s",
          "context": "The MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of a perceptual limitation of human hearing called auditory masking . , the American physicist Alfred M. Mayer reported that a tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency . In 1959 , Richard Ehmer described a complete set of auditory curves regarding this phenomenon . Ernst Terhardt et al. created an algorithm describing auditory masking with high accuracy . This work added to a variety of reports from authors dating back to Fletcher , and to the work that initially determined critical ratios and critical bandwidths .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1959",
            "1894"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57061d0c75f01819005e79a5_s",
              "question": "When did Richard ehmer describe audio color?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 263
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were audio curves described by Richard Ehmer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15769_s",
          "context": ", not just to imitate nature . It saw the systematic study of color theory , and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other . These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh . Describing his painting , to his brother Theo in 1888 , Van Gogh wrote : `` I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions . The hall is blood red and pale yellow , with a green billiard table in the center , and four lamps of lemon yellow , with rays of orange and green . Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731388ea5e9cc1400cdbd2b_s",
              "question": "When was the nightclub painted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was The Night Cafe painted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9974_s",
          "context": "Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide , Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records . , with 64.5 million certified albums . According to Billboard , Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time , earning US $ 1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990 . She was ranked at number two , behind only The Beatles , on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists , making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart .",
          "c_entity": [
            "madonna",
            "recording industry association of america",
            "guinness world records",
            "music hall of fame",
            "roll hall of fame",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572665b6dd62a815002e838f_s",
              "question": "Who is Madonna recognized as the best-selling female music artist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Guinness World Records",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Madonna is recognize as the best selling female music artiste by who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11541_s",
          "context": "Before the pact 's announcement , Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed . Earl Browder . '' Beginning in September 1939 , the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda , explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes . Western Communists acted accordingly ; while before they supported protecting collective security , now they denounced Britain and France going to war .",
          "c_entity": [
            "communist party usa",
            "earl browder",
            "chamber of commerce",
            "herbert biberman"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726db02dd62a815002e92cf_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the American Communist Party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Earl Browder",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the American communist party?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15935_s",
          "context": "While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum , the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether . Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics , aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it took its name , -LRB- see Aether -LRB- mythology -RRB- -RRB- . Early theories of light posited a ubiquitous terrestrial and celestial medium through which light propagated . Additionally . 19th century experiments into this luminiferous aether attempted to detect a minute drag on the Earth 's orbit . While the Earth does , in fact , move through a relatively dense medium in comparison to that of interstellar space , the drag is so minuscule that it could not be detected . In 1912 , astronomer Henry Pickering commented : `` While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether , -LSB- it -RSB- is characteristic of a gas , and free gaseous molecules are certainly there '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry pickering",
            "isaac newton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ebe0a03f98919007569d3_s",
              "question": "Who says the nature of gases and free molecules is ether?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Pickering",
                  "answer_start": 819
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11206_s",
          "context": "Russia feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British. While Alaska attracted little interest at the time, the population of nearby British Columbia started to increase rapidly a few years after hostilities ended. Therefore, the Russian emperor, Alexander II, decided to sell Alaska. In 1859 the Russians offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia's greatest regional rival, the United Kingdom.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alexander ii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57272435f1498d1400e8f3ec_s",
              "question": "Who called to sell Alaska?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander II",
                  "answer_start": 301
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the call to sell Alaska?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4000_s",
          "context": ", and 68th nationally . , which is named after former dean James Green .",
          "c_entity": [
            "burdick dr",
            "u.s. news & world",
            "university of kansas school of law",
            "james green"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78f1137bdd419002c413d_s",
              "question": "Who was Greenhall named after?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Green",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "For whom is Green Hall named?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-158_s",
          "context": "Simultaneously with these conflicts , bison . In 1875 , General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food . , commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction ; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1875",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573425624776f4190066195c_s",
              "question": "When did general Sheridan come to Congress to kill bison?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1875",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7025_s",
          "context": "In 1185 John made his first visit to Ireland , accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators . Henry had tried to have John officially proclaimed King of Ireland , but Pope Lucius III would not agree . John 's first period of rule in Ireland was not a success . , and tensions were still rife between Henry II , the new settlers and the existing inhabitants . John infamously offended the local Irish rulers by making fun of their unfashionable long beards , failed to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers , blaming the viceroy , Hugh de Lacy , for the fiasco .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c52b0b3d812140066d0fd_s",
              "question": "When was John's first visit to Ireland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1185",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John make his first visit to Ireland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10605_s",
          "context": "From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of the Gothic style and methods of construction differed from place to place, as did the expressions of Gothic taste. The proximity of some regions meant that modern country borders do not define divisions of style. On the other hand, some regions such as England and Spain produced defining characteristics rarely seen elsewhere, except where they have been carried by itinerant craftsmen, or the transfer of bishops. Regional differences that are apparent in the great abbey churches and cathedrals of the Romanesque period often become even more apparent in the Gothic.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 13th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269de45951b619008f77e1_s",
              "question": "When did Romanesque architecture become Pan European?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10th to the 13th century",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of construction?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16029_s",
          "context": ", so that when the empire was revived in 1261 , it became in many ways a Greek national state . , who abandoned Christianity . However . The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity . , after which and until the second Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29 hundreds of thousands of Pontic Greeks fled or migrated from the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands to southern Russia and the Russian South Caucasus -LRB- see also Greeks in Russia , Greeks in Armenia , Greeks in Georgia , and Caucasian Greeks -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbf48a23a5019007fc942_s",
              "question": "When did the country rebuild?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "empire was revived in 1261",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the nation reestablish itself ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1286_s",
          "context": ", but he dropped out citing ` personal reasons ' and was replaced by Nikko Smith . Later , which produces the show , sued the company for wrongful termination .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mario vazquez",
            "nikko smith",
            "freemantle media"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1a27e7c41114004b4d10_s",
              "question": "Who replaced Vasquez in the final?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikko Smith",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Vasquez as a finalist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13425_s",
          "context": ". It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council . , the Vice-President -LRB- currently Vitor Constâncio -RRB- and four other members . They are all appointed for non-renewable terms of eight years . They are appointed `` from among persons of recognised standing and professional experience in monetary or banking matters by common accord of the governments of the Member States at the level of Heads of State or Government , on a recommendation from the Council .",
          "c_entity": [
            "executive board",
            "mario draghi",
            "bank",
            "governing council",
            "european parliament",
            "vitor constâncio"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae6_s",
              "question": "Who is the deputy governor of the European Central Bank?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vitor Constâncio",
                  "answer_start": 160
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Vice-President of The European Central Bank?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10721_s",
          "context": ". The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855 , except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825 , when it lay abandoned . On 8 June 1856 , permanent civilian residence on the island began when it was settled from Pitcairn Island . In 1913 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "norfolk",
            "pitcairn island",
            "uk",
            "great britain",
            "australia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269af1f1498d1400e8e4b9_s",
              "question": "Where did the first permanent residents of Norfolk settle in 1856?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pitcairn Island",
                  "answer_start": 274
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the first permanent civilians of Norfolk Island settle from in 1856?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9998_s",
          "context": "The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records stated . , citing `` creative differences '' with director Wes Craven . She recorded the single `` Beautiful Stranger '' for the 1999 film Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me . It reached number 19 on the Hot 100 solely on radio airplay . , Television or Other Visual Media '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wes craven",
            "madonna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d525708984140094d2b7_s",
              "question": "Who is the director of soul music?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wes Craven",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the director of Music of the Heart?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6375_s",
          "context": ", with Everton in real danger of relegation . David Moyes , was his replacement and guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place . In 2002 -- 03 Everton finished seventh , their highest finish since 1996 . A fourth-place finish in 2004 -- 05 , ensured Everton qualified for the Champions League qualifying round . Everton qualified for the 2007 -- 08 and 2008 -- 09 UEFA Cup competitions and they were runners-up in the 2009 FA Cup Final .",
          "c_entity": [
            "smith",
            "champions league",
            "david moyes",
            "everton",
            "middlesbrough"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a82684103511400d597bf_s",
              "question": "Who replaced Smith as Everton's manager in 2002?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Moyes",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Smith as manager of the Everton FC in 2002?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2249_s",
          "context": ". The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1967",
            "17:00",
            "morning",
            "2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7e1d4396321400ee2974_s",
              "question": "When was the last time Tom and Jerry performed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the final broadcast of Tom and Jerry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7963_s",
          "context": "Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response. With very short presentations, participants often report that they seem to \"see\" more than they can actually report. The first experiments exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George Sperling (1963) using the \"partial report paradigm\". Subjects were presented with a grid of 12 letters, arranged into three rows of four. After a brief presentation, subjects were then played either a high, medium or low tone, cuing them which of the rows to report. Based on these partial report experiments,Sperling was able to show that the capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it degraded very quickly (within a few hundred milliseconds). Because this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items (12 in the \"whole report\" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be prolonged via rehearsal.",
          "c_entity": [
            "george sperling"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a354b4faf5e1900b8a91e_s",
              "question": "Who did the first study on the new concept of sensory memory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Sperling",
                  "answer_start": 502
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the first studies on exploring a new idea of sensory memory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10053_s",
          "context": "Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area , the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD . This lasted only until around 61 , when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it , burning it to the ground . The next , heavily planned , incarnation of Londinium prospered , and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100 . , Roman London had a population of around 60,000 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "43 ad",
            "the 2nd century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cf404b864d1900163da2_s",
              "question": "When did the Romans enter today's London and establish their first major settlement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "43 AD",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Romans invaded what is now London and established its first major settlement in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16173_s",
          "context": "The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices , and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems . , Walter Brattain , and William Shockley , the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics , and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios , calculators , and computers , among other things . The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics , and Bardeen , Brattain , and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1926",
            "1956",
            "1947"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edac4dfa6aa1500f8d46e_s",
              "question": "When did the operator get the Nobel Prize for making transistors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 446
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the implementers receive a Nobel Prize for making the transistor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3108_s",
          "context": "Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810 , after which numbers were reduced . The majority were sent back to China , although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town . There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1810",
            "1834",
            "1818"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e06a5e231d4119001ac0d7_s",
              "question": "When did China's imported labor arrive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1810",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2984_s",
          "context": "On July 11 , 1877 , a few days after the Bell Telephone Company was established , Bell married Mabel Hubbard -LRB- 1857 . His wedding present to his bride was to turn over 1,487 of his 1,497 shares in the newly formed Bell Telephone Company . Shortly thereafter , the newlyweds embarked on a year-long honeymoon in Europe . During that excursion , Bell took a handmade model of his telephone with him , making it a `` working holiday '' . The courtship had begun years earlier ; however , Bell waited until he was more financially secure before marrying . Although the telephone appeared to be an `` instant '' success , it was not initially a profitable venture and Bell 's main sources of income were from lectures until after 1897 . One unusual request exacted by his fiancée was that he use `` Alec '' rather than the family 's earlier familiar name of `` Aleck '' . From 1876 , he would sign his name `` Alec Bell '' . They had four children :",
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              "question": "Where is bell and his wife on their honeymoon?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Bell and his wife go on their honeymoon?"
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          "context": "This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933 . Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II . , Portugal was a founding member of NATO , OECD and the European Free Trade Association -LRB- EFTA -RRB- . Gradually , new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated , with Angola and Mozambique , as the largest and richest overseas territories , being the main targets of those initiatives . These actions were used to affirm Portugal 's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire .",
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              "question": "When was estado novo founded?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was the Estado Novo established?"
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          "context": "The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority . Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate , which was responsible for creating and approving the city 's budget and proposals for land use . , the most populous borough , had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island , the least populous borough , one vote '' decision .",
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              "question": "When was the chairman of the autonomous region elected?",
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              "original_question": "When were Borough Presidents created?"
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          "context": "In 1165 Maimonides visited Jerusalem and prayed on the Temple Mount , in the `` great , holy house '' . , Yehuda Halevi , issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel , a journey he undertook himself . , founder of the Ayyubid dynasty , defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and subsequently captured Jerusalem and almost all of Palestine . In time , Saladin issued a proclamation inviting Jews to return and settle in Jerusalem , and according to Judah al-Harizi , they did , the Israelites inhabited it . '' .",
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              "question": "When did mamonid visit Jerusalem?",
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              "original_question": "When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem?"
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          "context": "The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy , and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609 . During the Revolutionary War period , several notable events occurred in the city , and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson . During the American Civil War , Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America . , as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture , the Jackson Ward neighborhood .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was Richmond admitted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1609",
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              "original_question": "When was Richmond first settled?"
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          "context": "After the 1948 election , the state turned firmly Republican . Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015 , starting in 1952 , Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election -LRB- 1964 -RRB- . This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans . Al Gore in 2000 , though , was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state .",
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              "question": "Who is the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any county election in Oklahoma?",
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                  "text": "Al Gore",
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              "original_question": "Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma?"
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          "context": ". , Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million . : `` We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone . '' , the company 's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market .",
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              "question": "When was the first year after the iPod was launched and no new models were released?",
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              "original_question": "Which was the first year since iPod's introduction that no new model was released?"
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          "context": "Several states have never had capital punishment , the first being Michigan , which abolished it shortly after entering the Union . -LRB- However , the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan . -RRB- Article 4 , Section 46 of Michigan 's fourth Constitution -LRB- ratified in 1963 . Attempts to change the provision have failed .",
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              "question": "When was Michigan's fourth constitution approved?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1963",
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              "original_question": "When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified?"
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          "context": "In November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment was targeted by hackers who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects. Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan, and expressing Sony's frustration with the project. Eon Productions later issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called \"an early version of the screenplay\".",
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              "question": "When did hackers enter Sony Pictures' e-mail system?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "November 2014",
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              "original_question": "When did hackers get into the Sony Pictures e-mail system?"
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          "context": "Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris . , a venue that seated three hundred . He played more frequently at salons , but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends . -- few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime . '' The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period . Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833 , in which Chopin ; and , on 3 March 1838 , a concert in which Chopin , for eight hands . Chopin 's music soon found success with publishers , and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger , who arranged for it to be published not only in France but , through his family connections , also in Germany and England .",
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              "question": "Who did Chopin work with to publish his music in 1833?",
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                  "text": "Maurice Schlesinger",
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              "original_question": "In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?"
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          "context": ". Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival . Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities , painted doors with religious symbols , and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event . The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar , falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month . It involves dancing and participating in sports events , as well as sharing picnics . The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa , the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama 's order .",
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              "question": "Who founded the Moran Prayer Festival in 1049?",
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                  "text": "Tsong Khapa",
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              "original_question": "Who established the Monlam Prayer Festival in 1049?"
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          "context": ", Apple spun off its software business as Claris . It was given the code and rights to several applications , most notably MacWrite , MacPaint , and MacProject . , Claris released a number of revamped software titles ; the result was the `` Pro '' series , including MacDraw Pro , MacWrite Pro , and FileMaker Pro . To provide a complete office suite , Claris purchased the rights to the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program on the Mac , renaming it Claris Resolve , and added the new presentation software Claris Impact . , Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular . , Claris released ClarisWorks , which soon became their second best-selling application . When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998 , ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0 .",
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              "question": "When will clarisvox return to power at apple?",
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                  "text": "1998",
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              "original_question": "When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?"
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          "context": "-- 75 Loans Affair , the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government 's money bills in the Senate , until the government would promise a new election . Whitlam refused , Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 1975 Australian constitutional crisis . The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General , Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister , pending an election . Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 election .",
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              "question": "When did the blockade of the 1975 constitutional crisis end?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "11 November 1975",
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              "original_question": "On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end?"
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          "context": ". In English , when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky 's A History of Russia , to distinguish the early polity from successor states , which were also named Rus . Later , the Russian term was rendered into Belarusian and Ukrainian as Кіеўская Русь Kijeŭskaja Rus ' and Ки́ївська Русь Kyivs ` ka Rus ' , respectively .",
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              "question": "When did the word Kiev rose first appear in English?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1913",
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              "original_question": "When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in English?"
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          "context": ". , a post which he held until he departed for America in 1924 . Whitehead was able to exert his newfound influence to successfully lobby for a new history of science department , and make the school more accessible to less wealthy students .",
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              "original_question": "When did Whitehead go to America?"
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          "context": "As at most other universities , Notre Dame 's students run a number of news media outlets . The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers , both a radio and television station , and several magazines and journals . Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876 , the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States . The other magazine , The Juggler . The Dome yearbook is published annually . The newspapers have varying publication interests , with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news , and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary 's College . Unlike Scholastic and The Dome , The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University . , when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias , a liberal newspaper , Common Sense was published . Likewise , when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias , the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production . Neither paper is published as often as The Observer ; however , all three are distributed to all students . Finally , Beyond Politics , made its debut .",
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              "original_question": "When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?"
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        {
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          "context": ". The Court of Cassation , the highest court in the judicial order , which reviews criminal and civil cases , while the Conseil d'État , which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order , judging litigation against public bodies , is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement . The Constitutional Council , an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees .",
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              "question": "Where does the State Council meet?",
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              "original_question": "Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?"
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        {
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          "context": ", who is dying of thallium poisoning . , Dr. Madeline Swann , who will take him to L'Américain ; this will in turn lead him to Spectre . White then commits suicide . Bond rescues her and the two meet Q , identifying Le Chiffre .",
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              "question": "Who is white's daughter?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dr. Madeline Swann",
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              "original_question": "Who is White's daughter?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8041_s",
          "context": "In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting `` Elixir Sulfanilamide '' manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee . The product was formulated in diethylene glycol , a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze . Under the laws extant at that time , prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only under the technicality that the product had been called an `` elixir '' , which literally implied a solution in ethanol . In response to this episode , Drug , and Cosmetic Act of 1938 , which for the first time required pre-market demonstration of safety before a drug could be sold , and explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims .",
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                  "text": "S.E. Massengill Company",
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              "original_question": "Who manufactured \"Elixir Sulfanilamide\"?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14226_s",
          "context": ", thanks to Paris ' cosmopolitan population , every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there ; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants . The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900 , awarding its highest award , three stars , to the best restaurants in France . , of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France , nine are located in Paris . These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine , such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges , and those which serve non-traditional menus , such as L'Astrance , which combines French and Asian cuisines . Several of France 's most famous chefs , including Pierre Gagnaire , Alain Ducasse , Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard , have three-star restaurants in Paris .",
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              "question": "When was the Michelin leader born?",
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                  "text": "1900",
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              "original_question": "When was the Michelin guide created?"
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          "context": "In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, \"The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges.\"",
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              "question": "When was the constitution of India drafted?",
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                  "text": "1950",
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              "original_question": "In what year was India's constitution drafted?"
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          "context": "In the 1950s , the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland . , the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued . The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II .",
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              "question": "Who claimed in a letter to Franklin Roosevelt that Eritrea and Italy were Somaliland?",
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                  "text": "Emperor Haile Selassie",
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              "original_question": "Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?"
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          "context": "On May 30 , 2006 , Taylor Hicks was named American Idol .",
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              "question": "Who is the champion this season?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the winner for this season?"
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          "context": ". During this period , Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo . , Nasser had a key role in the discussions among African leaders that led to the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity -LRB- OAU -RRB- in 1963 .",
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              "question": "When was the OAU founded?",
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          "context": ". '' , trying to break into the judge 's house . Finally . , but amid the confusion someone comes to the children 's rescue . , where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley .",
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          "context": ". She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' . Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury . Salisbury 's government only lasted a few months , however , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule . In the ensuing election , Gladstone 's party lost to Salisbury 's and the government switched hands again .",
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          "context": "NigComSat-1 , was Nigeria 's third satellite and Africa 's first communication satellite . It was launched on 13 May 2007 , from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China . The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency , NASRDA . , NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array . It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus , and carries a variety of transponders : 4 C-band ; 14 Ku-band ; 8 Ka-band ; and 2 L-band . It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa , and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy .",
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              "original_question": "When was Nigeria's third satellite launched?"
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          "context": "After the Civil War , population expansion , railroad construction , and the disappearance of the buffalo herds heightened military tensions on the Great Plains . Several tribes , especially the Sioux and Comanche , fiercely resisted confinement to reservations . The main role of the Army was to keep indigenous peoples on reservations and to end their wars against settlers and each other , William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan were in charge . A famous victory for the Plains Nations was the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876 , when Col. George Armstrong Custer and two hundred plus members of the 7th Cavalry were killed by a force consisting of Native Americans from the Lakota , Northern Cheyenne , and Arapaho nations .",
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          "context": "Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised . They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John , appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader . John 's efforts to appear moderate and conciliatory had been largely successful . John instructed Langton to organise peace talks with the rebel barons .",
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          "context": "Two controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff , but did not affect the campaign . One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust . Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage , but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates . Just two weeks prior to the election , Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there . He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO ; finally , he stressed a corruption-free , frugal administration at home .",
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          "context": ". Although the South African government desired to incorporate ` South-West Africa ' into its territory , it never officially did so , although it was administered as the de facto ` fifth province ' , with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa , as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly . The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator , who had extensive powers . Following the League 's replacement by the United Nations in 1946 , South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement , requiring closer international monitoring of the territory 's administration -LRB- along with a definite independence schedule -RRB- . , when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa , pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia . , but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa 's mandate .",
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              "question": "When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia?",
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          "context": "Through the 1860s , John Brown . Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print , and the Queen was referred to as `` Mrs. Brown '' . The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown . , Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands , which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly .",
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          "context": "On 11 October 1962 , the first session of the Second Vatican Council was held in the Vatican . He gave the Gaudet Mater Ecclesia speech , which served as the opening address for the council . , the people in Saint Peter 's Square chanted and yelled with the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them .",
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          "context": ". , both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life . , I search for in every day in music ... he is lyrical and raw '' . In February 2013 . She commented : `` I think about Madonna and how she took all of the great things she achieved and started the label and developed other artists . But there are not enough of those women . '' .",
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          "context": "In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy . , as well as other smaller territories ; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps .",
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          "context": "At age eight . They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl 's Tyme , and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston . After seeing the group , R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search , the largest talent show on national TV at the time . Girl 's Tyme failed to win . , and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments . , only to be cut by the company . This put further strain on the family . On October 5 , 1995 . In 1996 , and shortly after .",
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          "context": ". , jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself , told Orchamus the truth , betraying her sister 's trust and confidence in her . Enraged , Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive . Apollo changed her into an incense plant , either heliotrope or sunflower , which follows the sun every day .",
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          "context": ", when the Office of Management and Budget -LRB- OMB -RRB- changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses . , which allowed participants to select more than one of the six available categories , which were , in brief : `` White , '' `` Black or African American , '' `` Asian , '' `` American Indian or Alaskan Native , '' `` Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander , '' and `` Other . '' Further details are given in the article : Race -LRB- U.S. census -RRB- . The OMB made its directive mandatory for all government forms by 2003 .",
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          "context": "Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved beneficial for both employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees received a higher wages.",
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          "context": "While some , like Spencer , used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor , others , including Alfred Russel Wallace , argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further . Some political commentaries , attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races . Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism . , and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution . , and he opposed polygenism , the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry .",
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          "context": "British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger , his top aide , and his publicist . A joint statement read : `` The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled . '' Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London .",
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          "context": "Marvel held its own comic book convention , and promised a Marvelcon ' 76 . , Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby , the artist co-creator of most of Marvel 's signature characters . In October 1976 , Marvel , which already licensed reprints in different countries , including the UK , created a superhero specifically for the British market . Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK , and later appeared in American comics .",
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          "context": "In May 2005 , Carrie Underwood was announced the winner . Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide , and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S. , selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards , the most Grammys by an `` American Idol '' alumnus .",
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          "context": "The Association for Asian Studies states that there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders of the Gelug -- had any contacts with Ming China . These two religious leaders were preoccupied with an overriding concern for dealing with the powerful secular Rinpungpa princes , who were patrons and protectors of the Karma Kargyu lamas . The Rinpungpa leaders were relatives of the Phagmodrupa , yet their authority shifted over time from simple governors to rulers in their own right over large areas of Ü-Tsang . , the most important event in the Gelug . , Gendün Gyatso traveled in exile looking for allies . However , it was not until 1518 that the secular Phagmodru ruler captured Lhasa from the Rinbung . , Gendün Gyatso was forced to abandon the Drepung Monastery , although he eventually returned .",
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          "context": "In January 2011 , just weeks after leaving office in California , one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles , written by Randall Wallace , based on a true story . On March 6 , 2011 , at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic , including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man , and that he was `` packaging '' a comic book character . The character was later revealed to be the Governator , star of the comic book and animated series of the same name . , who would have produced the series .",
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          "context": "Further firefights between Armenian militiamen and Soviet troops occurred in Sovetashen , near the capital and resulted in the deaths of over 26 people , mostly Armenians . On 17 March 1991 , Armenia , along with the Baltic states , Georgia and Moldova , boycotted a nationwide referendum in which 78 % of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form .",
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          "context": "The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold ; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition , an unsusually large proportion of the populations -LRB- 5 % is often cited -RRB- regularly sing in choirs , and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools -LRB- music schools -RRB- with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day .",
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          "context": ". In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse . During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse -LRB- 361 -- 289 BCE -RRB- who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE . Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily , fought a long war with the Carthaginians , at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there . This was the first time a European force had invaded the region . After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king , in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east . Agathocles then invaded Italy -LRB- c. 300 BCE -RRB- in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans , but was unsuccessful .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who were the leaders of Sicily in the Hellenistic period?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Agathocles of Syracuse",
                  "answer_start": 137
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              "original_question": "Who was the leading figure in Sicily during the Hellenistic period?"
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          "context": "Both finalists found success after the show , as well as in their subsequent album releases . The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was in season two, season four?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Josh Gracin",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who finished fourth on season two?"
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          "context": ". The language also reached Murcia , which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century .",
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              "question": "Where did Catalan go in the 15th century?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Murcia",
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              "original_question": "Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century?"
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          "context": "After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus the Prussian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834 that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record which was improved only four years later in September 1838 by Jacobi himself. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. It was not until 1839/40 that other developers worldwide managed to build motors of similar and later also of higher performance.",
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              "question": "Who invented the first real electric motor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Moritz von Jacobi",
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              "original_question": "Who created the first real electric motor?"
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          "context": "In the late 1130s, Arnold of Brescia, an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. After his death, his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists, and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans, though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation. In the early 1170s, Peter Waldo founded the Waldensians. He advocated an interpretation of the Gospel that led to conflicts with the Roman Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to persecution. Despite that, the movement continues to exist to this day in Italy, as a part of the wider Reformed tradition.",
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              "question": "Where does Walden movement still exist?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Italy",
                  "answer_start": 668
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the Waldensian movement still exist currently?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18857_s",
          "context": "Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal . , as the country 's political makeup changed and ended the country 's isolation from the rest of the world . In 1956 , air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway , between Kathmandu and Raxaul -LRB- at India 's border -RRB- , was started . Separate organizations were created in Kathmandu to promote this activity ; some of these include the Tourism Development Board , the Department of Tourism and the Civil Aviation Department . Furthermore , Nepal became a member of several international tourist associations . Establishing diplomatic relations with other nations further accentuated this activity . The hotel industry , travel agencies , training of tourist guides , and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal , and in Kathmandu in particular .",
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              "question": "When did the construction of the trebuwan Expressway begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1956",
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              "original_question": "When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?"
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          "context": "In the new commercial climate glam metal bands like Europe , and while many of these bands would re-unite again in the late 1990s or early 2000s , they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s . Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands ' commercial viability during the decade . Guns N ' Roses ' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade . Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after the release of the 1993 covers album The Spaghetti Incident ? Axl Rose , the only original member , worked with a constantly changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete .",
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              "id": "570b6fd2ec8fbc190045ba21_s",
              "question": "Who is the only original member of \"guns and roses\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Axl Rose",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only original member left in Guns N Roses?"
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          "context": ", BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour . -LRB- BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969 -RRB- . Unlike other terrestrial channels , BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming , but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse -LRB- although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One -RRB- . The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller , Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation , The Ascent of Man and Horizon .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the other two big British TV stations start their color programs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "15 November 1969",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the other two major British stations start color programming?"
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          "context": "The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102 , when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion . Although the self-styled 'Em peror of All Spain ' , Alfonso VI of León and Castile , drove them from the city , he was not strong enough to hold it . The Christians set it afire before abandoning it . The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city 's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa , the Almohads , although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis , at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans .",
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              "question": "When did the Christian army lose control of Valencia?",
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                  "text": "1102",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?"
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          "context": "Morales began work on his `` indigenous autonomy '' policy , which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3 , 2009 , making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves . , the President called it `` a historic day for the peasant and indigenous movement '' , saying that , though he might make errors , he would `` never betray the fight started by our ancestors and the fight of the Bolivian people '' . A vote on further autonomy will take place in referendums which are expected to be held in December 2009 . The issue has divided the country .",
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              "question": "Who has formulated an independent policy?",
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          "context": "The literal meaning of Durbar Square is a \"place of palaces\". There are three preserved Durbar Squares in Kathmandu valley and one unpreserved in Kirtipur. The Durbar Square of Kathmandu is located in the old city and has heritage buildings representing four kingdoms (Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur); the earliest is the Licchavi dynasty. The complex has 50 temples and is distributed in two quadrangles of the Durbar Square. The outer quadrangle has the Kasthamandap, Kumari Ghar, and Shiva-Parvati Temple; the inner quadrangle has the Hanuman Dhoka palace. The squares were severely damaged in the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.",
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              "question": "When was the earthquake that destroyed Duba square in Kathmandu?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "April 2015",
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              "original_question": "When did a notable earthquake occur that damaged Kathmandu's Durbar Square?"
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          "context": ". In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping . A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results . Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces . Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism ; -- the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive , but an opposition to unnecessary change , that could lead to `` a perpetual vortex of agitation '' . Meanwhile , the Whigs , along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel , and independent Radicals , and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class .",
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              "question": "Who issued the Tamworth declaration?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Robert Peel",
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              "original_question": "Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto?"
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          "context": ", The Prince of Egypt , Just Like Heaven , Shrek , Road to Perdition , and Evolution . He served as an executive producer for the 1997 film Men in Black , and its sequels , Men in Black II and Men in Black III . In 2005 , he served as a producer of Memoirs of a Geisha , an adaptation of the novel by Arthur Golden , a film to which he was previously attached as director . In 2006 , marking their eighth collaboration since 1990 's Back to the Future Part III . He earned his twelfth Academy Award nomination for the latter film as it was nominated for Best Picture . , Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers : Dark of the Moon . In 2011 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who wrote the Memoirs of geisha?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Arthur Golden",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the book 'Memoirs of a Geisha' is based on?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15379_s",
          "context": "Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi , a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya . His family came from a small , relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa , who were Arabized Berber in heritage . His father , Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad , and his mother was named Aisha -LRB- died 1978 -RRB- ; Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder . Nomadic Bedouins , they were illiterate and kept no birth records . As such , Gaddafi 's date of birth is not known with certainty , although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940 . His parents ' only surviving son , he had three older sisters . Gaddafi 's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life . He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate .",
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              "id": "57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3e_s",
              "question": "When did Gaddafi's mother die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1978",
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              "original_question": "When did Gaddafi's mother die?"
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          "context": "In time , some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education . Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi ; the founders of progressive education .",
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              "id": "572b8b0334ae481900deae8e_s",
              "question": "Who comes from Switzerland and has an impact on education?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who from Switzerland was an influential in education?"
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        {
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          "context": ", chiefly by night attack ; second , to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands , again chiefly by night attack ; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bombers . Kesselring , was ordered to send 50 sorties per night against London and attack eastern harbours in daylight . Sperrle , was ordered to dispatch 250 sorties per night including 100 against the West Midlands . It also took part in the bombing over Britain . By 19/20 April 1941 , it had dropped 3,984 mines , 1/3 of the total dropped . The mines ' ability to destroy entire streets earned them respect in Britain , but several fell unexploded into British hands allowing counter-measures to be developed which damaged the German anti-shipping campaign .",
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              "question": "Who commands air force two?",
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                  "text": "Kesselring",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in command of the Luftflotte 2?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18643_s",
          "context": ", the memorial , by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter -LRB- 1846 , finally came to rest , although subject to repeated vandalism , in the Bronx , at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse . , it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse . -RRB- , Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as `` a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei , the mythical German figure , surrounded by mermaids , dolphins and seashells . ''",
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              "question": "When was she born?",
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              "original_question": "When was Herter born?"
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          "context": ", Queen Elizabeth II , who is represented by the Governor General of Canada .",
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              "question": "Who is the current commander in chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Queen Elizabeth II",
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              "original_question": "Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?"
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          "context": ", Texas , where she enrolled in dance classes . Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it , able to hit the high-pitched notes . In fall of 1990 , a music magnet school in Houston , where she would perform with the school 's choir .",
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              "question": "Who first noticed Beyonce's singing ability?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Darlette Johnson",
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              "original_question": "Who was the first person to notice Beyonce's singing ability?"
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          "context": "In Arabic-speaking cultures , two words are commonly used for Christians : Naṣrānī -LRB- نصراني -RRB- , plural Naṣārā -LRB- نصارى -RRB- is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac -LRB- Aramaic -RRB- ; Masīḥī -LRB- مسيحي -RRB- means followers of the Messiah . The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014 . The nun or ن -- the first letter of Nasara -- was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56df322e96943c1400a5d2d5_s",
              "question": "When is the word \"nasala\" used so much today?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "July 2014",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the term Nasara become used more in modern times?"
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          "context": "The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.",
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              "question": "Who gave Oklahoma its name?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Choctaw Chief Allen Wright",
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              "original_question": "Who suggested the name Oklahoma?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11902_s",
          "context": ", often ceding hegemony in Western Europe to France , which had long since centralized power . France began an aggressive policy of expanding eastward , first to the rivers Rhône and Meuse , and when those borders were reached , aiming for the Rhine . , the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France 's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany 's son Rudolf , with Alsace to be the dowry ; however , the deal never came off . , the town of Belfort was first chartered by the Counts of Montbéliard . , which prevented for a time any further tendencies in this direction . After the conclusion of the war , France was again free to pursue its desire to reach the Rhine and in 1444 a French army appeared in Lorraine and Alsace . , demanded the submission of Metz and Strasbourg and launched an attack on Basel .",
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              "question": "When did the French arrive in Alsace?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1444",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the French reach Alsace?"
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        {
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          "context": "The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand — this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd84_s",
              "question": "Who created a simple version of the analysis machine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Babbage",
                  "answer_start": 551
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13600_s",
          "context": "Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé 's government of conducting a `` witch hunt '' against the Yakoma . A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country 's politics . , reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government 's erratic behaviour , three mutinies against Patassé 's administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension . To date , the Peace Corps has not returned to the Central African Republic . The Bangui Agreements , provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission . The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force -LRB- MINURCA -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "7 april 1997",
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            "28 december 1994"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572812164b864d19001643a8_s",
              "question": "When was the new Constitution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "28 December 1994",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the new constitution for CAR approved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15466_s",
          "context": "On 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others  The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights.",
          "c_entity": [
            "16 august 1960"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d08d_s",
              "question": "When did Cyrus gain independence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16 August 1960",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What is the date that Cyrpus attained independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3643_s",
          "context": "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto , England Dan & John Ford Coley , Air Supply , Seals and Crofts , America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac . , some radio stations , like New York 's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY , had switched to an all-soft rock format . , tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change , including musical artists such as Journey . Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience . The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel , Steve O'Brien , Dick Summers",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6c83cde9d371400068038_s",
              "question": "When were contemporary adults his most successful business people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-to-late 1970s",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3936_s",
          "context": "Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e75e8800c9c71400d77034_s",
              "question": "When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of architects begin to work together?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2004",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects start a formal relationship?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4401_s",
          "context": ". In 1935 , Tito travelled to the Soviet Union , working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern . , a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War . In 1936 . In 1937 , murdered in Moscow . Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "communist party of yugoslavia",
            "aleksandar ranković",
            "central committee",
            "stalin",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f71a5e3d8e2e1400e3735d_s",
              "question": "Who became the Secretary General of the Communist Youth League after the previous murder?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5883_s",
          "context": "Comandante general Simón Elías González , whose firmness had earned well-merited praise . The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches , which became the focus of all their energy and resources . After a review of the situation , Simón Elías González declared that the interests of the territory would be best served by uniting the civil and military power , at least while the campaign lasted . He resigned under opposition , but was renominated in 1837 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707258d90286e26004fc95b_s",
              "question": "Who said that the military and civilian forces of the country should be concentrated in the campaign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Simón Elías González",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who declared the state's civil and military forces should be combined during the campaign?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "In the 1500s , Paracelsus was probably the first to criticize Galen publicly . Also in the 16th century . , but he was not afraid of thinking for himself and he definitely disagreed with Galen . Ultimately , sometimes called the father of modern medicine , overturned Galen 's ideas . He was followed by piercing thought amalgamated with the era 's mysticism and religion sometimes fueled by the mechanics of Newton and Galileo . , who discovered several gases such as carbon dioxide , performed the first quantitative experiment .",
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            "jan baptist van helmont",
            "paracelsus"
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            {
              "id": "5726aefadd62a815002e8cec_s",
              "question": "Who criticized Galen in the 15th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paracelsus",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who criticized Galen in the 1500s?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3078_s",
          "context": ", although there is no evidence that they ever occupied , colonised or fortified it . By 1651 , the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1633"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e02d8d231d4119001abf8a_s",
              "question": "When did the Dutch leave the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1651",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Dutch abandon the island?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3497_s",
          "context": "Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of learned words from Greek and Latin. This process started very early, and one can find such examples in Ramon Llull's work. On the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Catalan had a number of Greco-Latin learned words much superior to other Romance languages, as it can be attested for example in Roís de Corella's writings.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1c818e3433e1400423177_s",
              "question": "When did Catalans have more Greek Latin vocabulary than other romantic languages?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "fourteenth and fifteenth centuries",
                  "answer_start": 180
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Catalan have a greater number of Greco-Latin words than other Romance languages?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8040_s",
          "context": "Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period , primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases . In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine . , but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used . , Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis . Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles , mumps , chickenpox , rubella , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , and meningitis .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571cf8175efbb31900334e64_s",
              "question": "When was the rabies vaccine produced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1885",
                  "answer_start": 257
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The rabies vaccine was created in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7992_s",
          "context": "After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a9a134faf5e1900b8ab1c_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. Census begin so that residents can mark more than one racial identity on the census form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial",
                  "answer_start": 626
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US census start to allow residents to mark more than one ethno-racial identity on the census form?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: \"Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more.\" Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions.",
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              "id": "570e67880dc6ce1900205029_s",
              "question": "Who compares enlistment to an order?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Lennon",
                  "answer_start": 51
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who compared military membership in the Order?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13522_s",
          "context": "Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies . , for instance , the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners , who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster . However , royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent . In other nations , the governor-general merely signs the bill . , the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill .",
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              "question": "Where is the Royal recognition ceremony held in Britain?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Palace of Westminster",
                  "answer_start": 251
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is a royal assent ceremony held within the United Kingdom?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7421_s",
          "context": "At the end of the 16th century , the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea . , when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa -LRB- Asaita -RRB- with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar . , Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam 's recorded ascension to the throne . , the Afar leader Kedafu , head of the Mudaito clan , seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty . This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period .",
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              "id": "570e38fd0b85d914000d7d95_s",
              "question": "When was the Sultanate of OSHA established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "end of the 16th century",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the Aussa Sultanate established?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7903_s",
          "context": "The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus . This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius 's stand . The Gospel of John 's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass , we believe as a result of Athanasius , and his life 's stand , but quietly . The Last Gospel of The Mass , The Eucharist , St John -LSB- 1:1 -- 14 -RSB- , together with the prayer ; `` Placeat tibi '' , the Blessing , are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service . The beginning of John 's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages . Nevertheless , the practice of saying it at the altar grew . So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days . A Prayer Card for the St John 's Gospel . Also :",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae9d332177014007e9fe8_s",
              "question": "When do we talk about different Gospels?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "certain Feast days",
                  "answer_start": 759
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When are different Gospels said?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10953_s",
          "context": "Switzerland was the last Western republic to grant women the right to vote . , while at the federal level it was achieved in 1971 and , after resistance . After obtaining suffrage at the federal level , women quickly rose in political significance , with the first woman on the seven member Federal Council executive being Elisabeth Kopp .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5727860fdd62a815002e9f75_s",
              "question": "When were Swiss women granted the right to vote at the federal level?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 125
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were Switzerland women granted the right to vote on a federal level?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12588_s",
          "context": "In the past , people at Eton have occasionally been guilty of antisemitism . For a time , new admissions were called ` Jews ' by their fellow Collegers . In 1945 , the school introduced a nationality statute conditioning entry on the applicant 's father being British by birth . , A. J. Ayer , himself Jewish and an Old Etonian , who `` suspected a whiff of anti-semitism '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279242f1498d1400e8fc7d_s",
              "question": "Who decided to cancel the entry conditions of 1945?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "A. J. Ayer",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decided to remove the 1945 entrance stipulation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6448_s",
          "context": "The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers , the Queen Elizabeth class , to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers . The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales . They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to 50 , and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes . HMS Queen Elizabeth is projected to commission in 2017 followed by Prince of Wales in about 2020 . The ships are due to become operational starting in 2020 . Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs , and their ship 's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1600 when the air group is embarked . The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b804_s",
              "question": "Who built the Queen Elizabeth and the prince of Wales?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Royal Navy",
                  "answer_start": 4
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is building HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5471_s",
          "context": "The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name , lending it to numerous other papers around the world , including The Times of India -LRB- founded in 1838 -RRB- . In these countries , the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did the era of India begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1838",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did The Times of India start?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15539_s",
          "context": ", Taken and The Pacific . He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries Into the West which won two Emmy awards , including one for Geoff Zanelli 's score . The miniseries is believed to have cost $ 250 million and is a 10-part war miniseries centered on the battles in the Pacific Theater during World War II . , was the head writer .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "bruce mckenna"
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            {
              "id": "5731c5ba0fdd8d15006c651f_s",
              "question": "Who composes for in the west?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Geoff Zanelli",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the music for 'Into the West'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1475_s",
          "context": "On April 1 , 2008 , the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9 . The resolution would welcome the torch with `` alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community , including the citizens of San Francisco , to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet . '' On April 8 .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56db2356e7c41114004b4dfc_s",
              "question": "Who approved the resolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "San Francisco Board of Supervisors",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who approved the resolution?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7029_s",
          "context": "The political situation in England rapidly began to deteriorate . John exploited this unpopularity to set himself up as an alternative ruler with his own royal court , complete with his own justiciar , chancellor and other royal posts , and was happy to be portrayed as an alternative regent , and possibly the next king . , thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard 's heir presumptive . , returned to England , having been sent by Richard to restore order . , which presented the possibility that Richard would have legitimate children and heirs .",
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              "question": "Where is Walter von kutans back?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "England",
                  "answer_start": 27
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Walter of Coutances return to?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
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          "context": ", the only person of the period to be given the appellation `` Great '' . His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life . , philosopher , astrologer , theologian , spiritual writer , ecumenist , and diplomat . , introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists , such as Plotinus . Indeed -- 1274 -RRB- that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "albertus magnus",
            "thomas aquinas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d8773acd2414000dedf6_s",
              "question": "Who did Albert Magnus introduce to the students of the Dominican mission?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aristotle",
                  "answer_start": 258
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Albert Magnus introduce to Dominican Order students?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12107_s",
          "context": "Darwin 's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances . In 1854 , he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution . His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only , as on islands , to an emphasis on speciation without isolation ; that is , he saw increasing specialisation within large stable populations as continuously exploiting new ecological niches . He conducted empirical research focusing on difficulties with his theory . He studied the developmental and anatomical differences between different breeds of many domestic animals , became actively involved in fancy pigeon breeding , and experimented -LRB- with the help of his son Francis -RRB- on ways that plant seeds and animals might disperse across oceans to colonise distant islands . , his theory was much more sophisticated , with a mass of supporting evidence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1856",
            "1854"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278126708984140094df5c_s",
              "question": "When did Darwin begin to study his theory of full-time evolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1854",
                  "answer_start": 128
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Darwin begin to work on his evolution theory full-time?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8161_s",
          "context": "Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays . In 1889 . By April 1900 . Instead , in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war . In July , her second son Alfred -LRB- `` Affie '' -RRB- died ; `` Oh , God ! My poor darling Affie gone too '' , she wrote in her journal . `` It is a horrible year , nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726376e89a1e219009ac57e_s",
              "question": "Where does Victoria often go on holiday?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mainland Europe",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Victoria often go for holiday?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3611_s",
          "context": "On November 12 , the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to `` reasons unrelated to League operations '' . , long-term owners for the franchise .",
          "c_entity": [
            "afl",
            "san jose sabercats"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7a4c900c9c71400d77473_s",
              "question": "Who is the defending champion of the arena Football League?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "San Jose SaberCats",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9738_s",
          "context": "Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists . A version of `` Somebody to Love '' by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted . In 2006 . In 2001 ! . ; the film also features `` We Will Rock You '' played by the medieval audience .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicole kidman",
            "brittany murphy",
            "jim broadbent",
            "robbie williams",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e122f1498d1400e8ee7e_s",
              "question": "Who sang a queen's lover's version in 2004's \"Ella is enchanted\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anne Hathaway",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "ho sang a version of Queen's Somebody to Love in 2004's Ella Enchanted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15795_s",
          "context": "Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848 , with little attention . However , a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out . In June 1848 , Paris workers , disenchanted with the new government , built barricades and raised red flags . , the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker 's movements in Europe .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "louis philippe",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315cc8e6313a140071ce85_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Karl Marx",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12558_s",
          "context": "Humbert of Romans , the master general of the order from 1254 to 1263 , was a great administrator , as well as preacher and writer . It was under his tenure as master general that the sisters in the order were given official membership . Humbert was a great lover of languages , and encouraged linguistic studies among the Dominicans , primarily Arabic , because of the missionary work friars were pursuing amongst those led astray or forced to convert by Muslims in the Middle East . He also wanted his friars to reach excellence in their preaching , and this was his most lasting contribution to the order . The growth of the spirituality of young preachers was his first priority . He once cried to his students : '' ... consider how excellent this office -LSB- of preaching -RSB- is , because it is apostolic ; how useful , because it is directly ordained for the salvation of souls ; how perilous , because few have in them , or perform , what the office requires , for it is not without great danger ... , vol . xxv . , 1677 -RRB-",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d5252ca10214002d9784_s",
              "question": "Who was the general of the Dominican order in the mid-12th century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Humbert of Romans",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Master general of the Dominican Order during the mid 1200s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4692_s",
          "context": "The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis . Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept , such as George C. Williams ' gene-centric view of evolution . He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition : `` that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency . '' : 24 In this view , the molecular gene transcribes as a unit , and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01c9_s",
              "question": "Who proposed the concept of evolution of genes as natural selection units?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George C. Williams",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1286_s",
          "context": ", but he dropped out citing ` personal reasons ' and was replaced by Nikko Smith . Later , which produces the show , sued the company for wrongful termination .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nikko smith",
            "freemantle media"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3741959d6e4140014642f_s",
              "question": "Who has a place in the top 12 after Mario Vasquez is out?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikko Smith",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who got a spot in the top 12 after Mario Vasquez dropped out?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11736_s",
          "context": ", it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy , E , of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation , and the frequency , f , of its associated electromagnetic wave . In 1905 the value E , the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator , was theoretically associated by Einstein with a `` quantum '' or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself . The light quantum behaved in some respects as an electrically neutral particle , as opposed to an electromagnetic wave . It was eventually called the photon .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "max planck"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726fa61f1498d1400e8f1b2_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the connection between E value and quantum energy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Einstein",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered an association between the value E and quantum energy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8033_s",
          "context": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered , setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs . The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock , and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance . , which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt . Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state . Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks , and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 -LRB- Primatene Mist -RRB- . By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "parke davis",
            "johns hopkins university",
            "john abel",
            "jokichi takamine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a6dbe4faf5e1900b8a9a4_s",
              "question": "Who invented the way to get adrenaline in pure state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jokichi Takamine",
                  "answer_start": 621
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the method to obtain epinephrine in a pure state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7939_s",
          "context": "Seattle annually sends a team of spoken word slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home to such performance poets as Buddy Wakefield , two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ ; Anis Mojgani , two-time National Poetry Slam Champ ; and Danny Sherrard . Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament . , regional , national , and international names in poetry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001",
            "2007",
            "1997",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a16d64faf5e1900b8a894_s",
              "question": "When will Seattle hold the National Poetry Contest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Seattle host the national Poetry Slam Tournament?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10517_s",
          "context": ". The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean , who reside in the college , and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college 's fellowship . Colleges offer their own seminars , social events , and speaking engagements known as `` Master 's Teas , '' but do not contain programs of study or academic departments . Instead , all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "harvard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726efa6dd62a815002e95c0_s",
              "question": "Who teaches Yale's residential college at the university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Faculty of Arts and Sciences",
                  "answer_start": 388
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16014_s",
          "context": "Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe , theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center . They assumed that the Sun , and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped . They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight , that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon . Although others disagreed with his model , Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "wang chong"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bbe_s",
              "question": "Who can describe the evaporation process?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wang Chong",
                  "answer_start": 444
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7785_s",
          "context": "In Europe and Australia , the system was released to two separate marketing regions . One region consisted of most of mainland Europe -LRB- excluding Italy -RRB- , and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies , with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases . Most of this region saw a 1986 release . , consisting of the United Kingdom , Ireland , Canada , Italy , Australia and New Zealand , starting the following year . Not until the 1990s did Nintendo 's newly created European branch direct distribution throughout Europe .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nintendo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571118caa58dae1900cd6c16_s",
              "question": "Who fired a bullet in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nintendo",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who released cartridges in mainland Europe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14034_s",
          "context": "The word `` insect '' comes from the Latin word insectum , meaning `` with a notched or divided body '' , or literally `` cut into '' , from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare , `` to cut into , to cut up '' , from in - `` into '' and secare `` to cut '' ; because insects appear `` cut into '' three sections . Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ἔντομος -LRB- éntomos -RRB- or `` insect '' -LRB- as in entomology -RRB- , also in reference to their `` notched '' bodies . `` Insect '' first appears documented in English in 1601 in Holland 's translation of Pliny . , from trychu `` to cut '' and mil , `` animal '' -RRB- , Serbo-Croatian -LRB- zareznik , from rezati , `` to cut '' -RRB- , Russian -LRB- насекомое nasekomoje , from seč ' / - sekat ' , `` to cut '' -RRB- , etc. .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728ab90ff5b5019007da40b_s",
              "question": "Who introduced the insects borrowed from the Greeks in Latin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pliny the Elder",
                  "answer_start": 337
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the Latin term for insect, borrowing from the Greek vernacular?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16099_s",
          "context": "According to Sahih al-Bukhari , the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis , and discussed by Christians and Jews , before it was standardized . Its language was similar to the Syriac language . , Bible -RRB- and devotional literature -LRB- Apocrypha , Midrash -RRB- , although it differs in many details . , Lot , Job . In fact . Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "elisha",
            "tanakh",
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            "elijah",
            "adam",
            "solomon",
            "david",
            "aaron",
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            "moses",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed3f503f9891900756a68_s",
              "question": "Who claims that Christians and Jews heard and discussed the Koran before it became a standardized Arabic form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sahih al-Bukhari",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2669_s",
          "context": "A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. \"Christian\" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56deefeb3277331400b4d832_s",
              "question": "Who do Christians learn from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jesus Christ",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose life do Christians learn from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14278_s",
          "context": "It is also stated that Hera kidnapped Eileithyia , the goddess of childbirth . The other gods tricked Hera into letting her go by offering her a necklace , nine yards -LRB- 8 m -RRB- long , of amber . Apollo was born on the seventh day -LRB- ἑβδομαγενής , hebdomagenes -RRB- of the month Thargelion -- according to Delian tradition -- or of the month Bysios -- according to Delphian tradition . The seventh and twentieth , the days of the new and full moon , were ever afterwards held sacred to him .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "delos",
            "eileithyia"
          ],
          "qas": [
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              "id": "5728d9753acd2414000e0026_s",
              "question": "Who is the birth goddess?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eileithyia",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the goddess of childbirth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12101_s",
          "context": "Darwin went to Edinburgh University in 1825 to study medicine . Grant revealed his enthusiasm for the transmutation of species , but Darwin rejected it . , at Cambridge University , Darwin learnt science as natural theology from botanist John Stevens Henslow , and read Paley , John Herschel and Alexander von Humboldt . Filled with zeal for science , he studied catastrophist geology with Adam Sedgwick .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572777f5708984140094de71_s",
              "question": "When did Darwin begin to visit the university?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Darwin begin attending university?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11869_s",
          "context": "In 1863 , the newly founded Football Association -LRB- the FA -RRB- published the Laws of the Game of Association Football , unifying the various different rules in use before then . , in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper , the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that `` it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete '' . After thirteen games in all , Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final . -- 89 season , when qualifying rounds were introduced .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "20 july 1871",
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            {
              "id": "572733abf1498d1400e8f482_s",
              "question": "When was the law on football matches promulgated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1863",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the laws of the Game of Asscociation Football published?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1274_s",
          "context": "With the exception of seasons one and two , the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience . They perform with a full band in the finals . From season four to season nine ; from season ten onwards , Ray Chew . Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers . Starting with season seven , contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards . In the first nine seasons , performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights , followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada , but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "debra byrd",
            "michael orland"
          ],
          "qas": [
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              "id": "56db06dae7c41114004b4c6f_s",
              "question": "Who led American Idol away from Ricky Minogue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ray Chew",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the American Idol band after Rickey Minor's departure?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15122_s",
          "context": "Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rationalism, most importantly the idea that rational concepts can be meaningful and the idea that rational concepts necessarily go beyond the data given by empirical observation. In later years he even emphasized the concept-driven side of the then ongoing debate between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the \"data-driven\" strict-empiricist view.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572b4375be1ee31400cb82de_s",
              "question": "Who is the basis of modern scientific methods?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Peirce",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who formed the basis for modern scientific method?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5343_s",
          "context": ". All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand -- this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts . Eventually , the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding . Babbage 's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing , but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow . Nevertheless , his son , Henry Babbage . He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdcc3b19033b140034cd86_s",
              "question": "When did Henry Babbage demonstrate in the factory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1906",
                  "answer_start": 596
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?"
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        {
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          "context": "Since 2005 , Iran 's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran 's enemies and in particular Israel . Many countries have expressed concern that Iran 's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program . This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community . In 2009 , if choosing to , would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302839b2c2fd140056898d_s",
              "question": "Who sanctioned Iran according to its nuclear program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "UN Security Council",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10183_s",
          "context": "Sanctions imposed by the United States and European countries against the former military government , coupled with boycotts and other direct pressure on corporations by supporters of the democracy movement , have resulted in the withdrawal from the country of most US and many European companies . On 13 April 2012 British Prime Minister David Cameron called for the economic sanctions on Myanmar to be suspended in the wake of the pro-democracy party gaining 43 seats out of a possible 45 in the 2012 by-elections with the party leader .",
          "c_entity": [
            "david cameron",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f64b708984140094d723_s",
              "question": "Who calls for the lifting of sanctions against Myanmar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "British Prime Minister David Cameron",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called for the sanctions in Burma to be given reprieve ?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11562_s",
          "context": "In October 1745 , Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania , Germany , found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar . Von Kleist 's hand and the water acted as conductors . Von Kleist found that touching the wire resulted in a powerful spark , much more painful than that obtained from an electrostatic machine . , the Dutch physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented a similar capacitor , which was named the Leyden jar , after the University of Leiden where he worked . He also was impressed by the power of the shock he received , writing . ''",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e1755951b619008f813e_s",
              "question": "When was the basic characteristics of capacitors discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In October 1745",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the basic properties of capacitors first discovered?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17102_s",
          "context": "Between the 8th and 18th centuries , the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art , usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery . Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters . The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra , dating to around the 8th century . Another contribution was the development of stone-paste ceramics . Other centers for innovative ceramic pottery in the Old world included Fustat -LRB- from 975 to 1075 -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "572fedf6947a6a140053ce1c_s",
              "question": "Where can you find the earliest example of opaque glass in the Muslim world?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Basra",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2260_s",
          "context": "In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who announced that the BBC's most popular show \"stay on the air\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BBC Worldwide",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who announced the status of Keeping Up Appearances as the most exported BBC show?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7060_s",
          "context": ", John supported his brother on the continent , apparently loyally . Richard 's policy on the continent was to attempt to regain through steady , limited campaigns the castles he had lost to Philip II whilst on crusade . He allied himself with the leaders of Flanders , Boulogne and the Holy Roman Empire to apply pressure on Philip from Germany . In 1195 John successfully conducted a sudden attack and siege of Évreux castle , and subsequently managed the defences of Normandy against Philip . , John seized the town of Gamaches and led a raiding party within 50 miles -LRB- 80 km -RRB- of Paris , capturing the Bishop of Beauvais . In return for this service , Richard withdrew his malevolentia -LRB- ill-will -RRB- towards John , restored him to the county of Gloucestershire and made him again the Count of Mortain .",
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            {
              "id": "570c602dfed7b91900d45953_s",
              "question": "When did John succeed in the surprise attack and siege of evrux castle?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1195",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John successfully conduct a sudden attack and siege of Evreux castle?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17405_s",
          "context": "The title of `` world 's oldest airport '' is disputed , but College Park Airport in Maryland , US , established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright , is generally agreed to be the world 's oldest continually operating airfield , although it serves only general aviation traffic . Pearson Field Airport in Vancouver , Washington had a dirigible land in 1905 and planes in 1911 and is still in use . Bremen Airport opened in 1913 and remains in use , although it served as an American military field between 1945 and 1949 . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol opened on September 16 , 1916 as a military airfield , but only accepted civil aircraft from December 17 , 1920 , allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney , Australia -- which started operations in January 1920 -- to claim to be one of the world 's oldest continually operating commercial airports . Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul , Minnesota , opened in 1920 and has been in continuous commercial service since . It serves about 35,000,000 passengers each year and continues to expand , recently opening a new 11,000 foot -LRB- 3,355 meter -RRB- runway . Of the airports constructed during this early period in aviation , it is one of the largest and busiest that is still currently operating . Rome Ciampino Airport , opened 1916 , is also a contender , as well as the Don Mueang International Airport near Bangkok , Thailand , which opened in 1914 . Increased aircraft traffic during World War I led to the construction of landing fields . Aircraft had to approach these from certain directions and this led to the development of aids for directing the approach and landing slope .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who founded the University Park Airport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilbur Wright",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the College Park Airport?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15525_s",
          "context": "In 1987 , as China began opening to Western capital investment , an adaptation of J. G. Ballard 's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun . The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars , but did not yield substantial box office revenues .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57319277e6313a140071d0b9_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the Empire of the sun?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "J. G. Ballard",
                  "answer_start": 82
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              "original_question": "Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17981_s",
          "context": "The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government. Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French controllers who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, \"with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government.\"",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731583a497a881900248e47_s",
              "question": "Who sold Egypt's stake in Suez?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ismail",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sold Egypt's portion of Suez?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9129_s",
          "context": "Located in Southern Europe , Greece consists of a mountainous . Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands , Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km -LRB- 8,498 mi -RRB- ; its land boundary is 1,160 km -LRB- 721 mi -RRB- . The country lies approximately between latitudes 34 ° and 42 ° N , and longitudes 19 ° and 30 ° E , with the extreme points being :",
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              "id": "57264a86f1498d1400e8db50_s",
              "question": "Where is the geography of Greece?",
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                  "text": "Southern Europe",
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              "original_question": "Greece is where geographically?"
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          "context": "Melbourne 's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature . , as well the nation 's largest publishing sector . The city is home to significant writers ' festivals , most notably the Melbourne Writers Festival . Several major literary prizes are open to local writers including the Melbourne Prize for Literature and the Victorian Premier 's Literary Awards . Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume 's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab , Helen Garner 's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas ' The Slap . Notable writers and poets from Melbourne include Thomas Browne , C. J. Dennis , Germaine Greer and Peter Carey .",
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              "question": "Where are Peter Kerry, German Greer and Thomas Brown?",
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                  "text": "Melbourne",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne from?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18287_s",
          "context": "The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Eucharist. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass lose their natural substance by being transformed into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ. They disagreed with one another concerning the presence of Christ and his body and blood in Holy Communion.",
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              "id": "5731bfaae17f3d140042238d_s",
              "question": "When did Protestantism begin to split?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-to-late 16th century",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Protestantism begin to split?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1950_s",
          "context": ", introduced in 2008 . Based on that strategy , the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada , in North America and globally . Specifically , the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to :",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde39c66d3e219004dada0_s",
              "question": "When did Canada's first defense strategy begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2008",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6748_s",
          "context": "The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI . Along with his deputies , the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly . The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents . Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks , the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI . Since then , who in turn reports to the President .",
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              "question": "Who is in charge of the FBI's daily operations?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "The FBI director",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?"
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          "context": ", John achieved early victories , but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman . , raising huge revenues , reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances . John 's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system , as well as providing an additional source of revenue . When he returned to England , John faced a rebellion by many of his barons , who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England 's most powerful nobles . Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215 , neither side complied with its conditions . Civil war broke out shortly afterwards , with the barons aided by Louis of France . It soon descended into a stalemate .",
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              "question": "When was the grand charter Peace Treaty reached?",
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              "original_question": "When was the Magna Carta peace treaty agreed upon?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6424_s",
          "context": "The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it \"has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are \"STOVL capable\".",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570ab8c54103511400d59964_s",
              "question": "Who has two Canberra scrapers?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "The Royal Australian Navy",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12176_s",
          "context": "On June 16 , 1988 , to begin on June 29 . On June 21 , a rally in Lviv attracted 50,000 people who had heard about a revised delegate list . Authorities attempted to disperse the rally in front of Druzhba Stadium . On July 7 . On July 17 , a group of 10,000 gathered in the village Zarvanytsia for Millennium services celebrated by Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Bishop Pavlo Vasylyk . The militia tried to disperse attendees . On August 4 , which came to be known as `` Bloody Thursday . Forty-one people were detained , fined , or sentenced to 15 days of administrative arrest . On September 1 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727cf6dff5b5019007d95b3_s",
              "question": "Who led the Millennium celebration in zarvania?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pavlo Vasylyk",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1325_s",
          "context": "The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' \"save\" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37fda59d6e41400146564_s",
              "question": "Who was the last person sent home in season 12? Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lazaro Arbos",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3131_s",
          "context": "After a long period of rumour and consultation . The airport was expected to be completed by 2010 . However an approved bidder , the Italian firm Impregilo -- 2010 . , construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed . Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When will the airport be built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The airport was expected to be completed by what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5436_s",
          "context": "The term \"Moors\" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans alike.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5706beac0eeca41400aa0df4_s",
              "question": "Where did the moors go?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "North Africa or Iberia",
                  "answer_start": 164
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did \"Moors\" migrate from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12197_s",
          "context": "On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed itself the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The following day, thousands attended a memorial service at Demianiv Laz, and a temporary marker was placed to indicate that a monument to the \"victims of the repressions of 1939–1941\" soon would be erected.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572822be2ca10214002d9ea5_s",
              "question": "Who determines the official language of Ukraine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ukrainian Supreme Soviet",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decided Ukraine's official language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9594_s",
          "context": "Arnold , Constable was the first American department store . It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold -LRB- 1794 ? -1876 -RRB- , an emigrant from Great Britain , as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City . During the Civil War Arnold , Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis . Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions ; this `` Palace of Trade '' expanded over the years until it was necessary to move into a larger space in 1914 . In 1925 , Arnold , first with a 1937 store in New Rochelle , New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island , and in New Jersey . Financial problems led to bankruptcy in 1975 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264f37708984140094c1fe_s",
              "question": "Who created Arnold, officer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aaron Arnold",
                  "answer_start": 87
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded Arnold, Constable? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-173_s",
          "context": "Genocide has become an official term used in international relations . The word genocide was not in use before 1944 . Before this , in 1941 , Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as `` a crime without a name '' . In that year . The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno - -LRB- meaning tribe or race -RRB- and caedere -LRB- the Latin word for to kill -RRB- . The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "winston churchill"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731eb9bb9d445190005e69b_s",
              "question": "Who said the genocide of 1941?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winston Churchill",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5830_s",
          "context": "At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler , Gutierrez obtained the vote , and a council to guide the administration . , demonstrations of support ensued . A new election brought a new legislature , and conforming governors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gutiérrez",
            "p. j. escalante",
            "santa anna",
            "gutierrez",
            "josé urrea"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070a329e06ca38007e92e5_s",
              "question": "Who really won the first vote?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gutierrez",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had actually won the original vote?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11898_s",
          "context": "The region , as part of Lorraine , was part of the Holy Roman Empire , and formalized as one of the provinces of France . The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse , known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen , became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798 . Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine , since it was a vital part of the duchy , and later because German possession as the imperial province -LRB- Alsace-Lorraine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "19th",
            "and 20th centuries",
            "75 years",
            "4 january 1798",
            "1918",
            "1871",
            "the 17th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727570ddd62a815002e9b54_s",
              "question": "When did stadrepulk become part of Alsace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "4 January 1798",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Stadtrepublik become a part of Alsace?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5430_s",
          "context": "Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq , with a reported 1.2 million black people , and they attest to a history of discrimination . According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al. , generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries , most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab , not black .",
          "c_entity": [
            "parliament",
            "african-iraquis",
            "alamin m. mazrui"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706b0492eaba6190074ac34_s",
              "question": "Who provided classified information on black people in the Arabian Peninsula?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alamin M. Mazrui et al.",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4770_s",
          "context": ", Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system , bringing about some internal monetary stability . , and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity , leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty . , the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability , despite a still-fragile political situation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "several years",
            "september 2003",
            "march 2004",
            "1999",
            "july 2005",
            "1997",
            "1998"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8df889b226e1400dd1151_s",
              "question": "When did a military coup take place in Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2003",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16903_s",
          "context": "Each republican magistrate held certain constitutional powers. Only the People of Rome (both plebeians and patricians) had the right to confer these powers on any individual magistrate. The most powerful constitutional power was imperium. Imperium was held by both consuls and praetors. Imperium gave a magistrate the authority to command a military force. All magistrates also had the power of coercion. This was used by magistrates to maintain public order. While in Rome, all citizens had a judgement against coercion. This protection was called provocatio (see below). Magistrates also had both the power and the duty to look for omens. This power would often be used to obstruct political opponents.",
          "c_entity": [
            "people of rome"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573043a9947a6a140053d37c_s",
              "question": "Who has the power to empower the sheriff?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "People of Rome",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had the right to grant powers to a magistrate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6351_s",
          "context": "In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy , which at that time had become a pertinent issue . Later on , an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War , siding with the fascists . Despite these differences in ideology , the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives . , as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan .",
          "c_entity": [
            "recent years",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c73d8b3d812140066d1f5_s",
              "question": "When did the Spanish counterclaim against autonomy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Espanyol  offer a counter-petition against autonomy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6457_s",
          "context": "In 1967, a new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT (albeit the largest). The FAA administrator would no longer report directly to the president but would instead report to the Secretary of Transportation. New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1967"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9676d058f190018304e_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. Department of transportation centralize federal responsibility for air and land transportation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1967",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US DOT combine major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8468_s",
          "context": "Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war . Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon . Desperate for a legitimate heir , Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife . Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection , Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise . , Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy , whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome . His son never actually ruled the empire , but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "time",
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            "20 march 1811"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b0ca708984140094cdf4_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon divorce Josephine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1810",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " When did Napoleon divorce Josephine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2651_s",
          "context": "A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom , although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site . Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history . Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans , Hertfordshire , holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England . Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the `` oldest inn in England '' . , based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse . Likewise , The Nags Head in Burntwood , but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086 , as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 16th century",
            "11th-century",
            "1650",
            "1086",
            "1189",
            "present",
            "8th-century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfee94231d4119001abeb3_s",
              "question": "When is a bar on record, right in the horse's current position?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1086",
                  "answer_start": 660
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18303_s",
          "context": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 21st centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731dc25b9d445190005e5cb_s",
              "question": "When did evangelicals increase in South America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 20th and 21st centuries",
                  "answer_start": 675
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did South America show an increase in Evangelicals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6296_s",
          "context": "Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kurt kortschal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a6c176d058f1900182e4c_s",
              "question": "Who has studied the role of emotional phenotypes in social cohesion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kurt Kortschal",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15327_s",
          "context": ", disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the `` descents '' , obtained commissions in that army . The elderly General Bligh was appointed to command a new `` descent '' , escorted by Howe . The campaign began propitiously with the Raid on Cherbourg . Covered by naval bombardment , the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing , captured Cherbourg , and destroyed its fortifications , docks , and shipping .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572edbf7c246551400ce4742_s",
              "question": "Where will the troops land?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cherbourg",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the troops land?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17651_s",
          "context": ". Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867 , although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left . Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America , especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada , such as New York City , Philadelphia , Boston , Los Angeles , Nashville , San Francisco , Seattle , Spokane , Toronto , Baltimore , Miami , Chicago , Denver and Cleveland . In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers . Only about 25 % of them are ethnic Russians , however . Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach , Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews . Afterward , the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat , with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians . According to the United States Census .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1700s",
            "2007",
            "this day",
            "1867",
            "1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd2_s",
              "question": "When did the United States buy Alaska?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1867",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US buy Alaska?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10675_s",
          "context": "The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields , outside painting and sculpture . In literature , the written works of Gertrude Stein employ repetition and repetitive phrases as building blocks in both passages and whole chapters . Most of Stein 's important works utilize this technique , including the novel The Making of Americans -LRB- 1906 -- 08 -RRB- . Not only were they the first important patrons of Cubism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gertrude stein",
            "picasso",
            "leo"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727be66ff5b5019007d940d_s",
              "question": "Who has used written works similar to Cuban art?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gertrude Stein",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who's written works used repitition that was similar to Cubist art?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11554_s",
          "context": ", 1946 , in Britain by the Manchester Guardian . , Nazi -- Soviet Relations 1939 -- 1941 . The decision to publish the key documents on German -- Soviet relations , including the treaty and protocol , had been taken already in spring 1947 . In November 1947 . Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view , the document edition was sent to press . The documents made headlines worldwide . : `` The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "state department",
            "manchester guardian",
            "louis post-dispatch",
            "truman",
            "raymond j. sontag",
            "james s. beddie"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726dee0f1498d1400e8ee2a_s",
              "question": "Who printed the secret treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Manchester Guardian",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1492_s",
          "context": "  Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 24"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44a_s",
              "question": "When does the torch arrive in Canberra?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 24",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the torch arrive in Canberra?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17657_s",
          "context": "Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language (Диалектологический атлас русского языка [dʲɪɐˌlʲɛktəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj ˈatləs ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]), was published in three folio volumes 1986–1989, after four decades of preparatory work.",
          "c_entity": [
            "vladimir dal"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb13_s",
              "question": "Who compiled the first dialectical Russian dictionary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir Dal",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the first dialectal Russian dictionary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15137_s",
          "context": "Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers . The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object . Matter as a cause of that image , is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us . An external world as absolute matter unrelated to an observer does not exist as far as we are concerned . The universe can not exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind . Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by `` Cambridge Platonist '' John Norris -LRB- 1701 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "john norris",
            "arthur collier"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b6e8fbe1ee31400cb8386_s",
              "question": "Who did John Norris influence?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arthur Collier",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was notably influenced by John Norris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-855_s",
          "context": "It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kara-khanid khanate"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ebbbd058e614000b65db_s",
              "question": "Who conquered Tanzania?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Kara-Khanid Khanate",
                  "answer_start": 378
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who conquered Tansaxania?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12776_s",
          "context": "Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and cables with a standard meant to be future-proof, similar to Apple Lightning and Thunderbolt. The 24-pin double-sided connector provides four power/ground pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data bus (though only one pair is implemented in a Type-C cable), four pairs for high-speed data bus, two \"sideband use\" pins, and two configuration pins for cable orientation detection, dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel, and VCONN +5 V power for active cables. Type-A and Type-B adaptors and cables are required for older devices to plug into Type-C hosts. Adapters and cables with a Type-C receptacle are not allowed.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b7a1ff5b5019007d9348_s",
              "question": "When was type C specification 1.0 completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 2014",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15556_s",
          "context": "Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974 , Spielberg has been an avid video gamer . Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games , including the first Monkey Island games . He owns a Wii , a PlayStation 3 , a PSP , and Xbox 360 , and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare . He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games , calling them intrusive .",
          "c_entity": [
            "future",
            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731d0e50fdd8d15006c6578_s",
              "question": "When did Spielberg start playing video games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg first play a video game?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7996_s",
          "context": "Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially -LRB- cf. the one-drop rule -RRB- . , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571da1b05569731900639058_s",
              "question": "When will people stop concealing these ancient cultural heritages?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-20th century",
                  "answer_start": 769
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did people stop hiding mutliracial heritage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11149_s",
          "context": "While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement . Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection . Britain attempted to mediate , and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to . When the Ottomans demanded changes , Nicholas refused and prepared for war . Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain , the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "napoleon iii",
            "nicholas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b004f1498d1400e8e751_s",
              "question": "Who wants the orthodox subjects to be protected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wanted the Orthodox subjects to be placed under their protection?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18812_s",
          "context": "From early Christian times , hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics . , X , De cleric . venat . -RRB- says , `` We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds ; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons . '' The Fourth Council of the Lateran , held under Pope Innocent III , decreed -LRB- canon xv -RRB- : `` We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics . '' : `` Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking '' -LRB- Sess . XXIV , De reform. , c. xii -RRB- , which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit , and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy -LRB- clamorosa -RRB- hunting unlawful , but not quiet -LRB- quieta -RRB- hunting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "council of trent",
            "juris canonici",
            "pope innocent iii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735fcb96c16ec1900b928c9_s",
              "question": "Who presided over the fourth council of Lateran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Innocent III",
                  "answer_start": 323
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16151_s",
          "context": "Heitaro Nakajima , became general manager of Sony 's audio department in 1971 . His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973 . After this , in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made . Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976 . A year later , in September 1977 , Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio -LRB- 44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution -RRB- using MFM modulation . In September 1978 , the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time , 44,056 Hz sampling rate , 16-bit linear resolution , and cross-interleaved error correction code -- specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980 . Technical details of Sony 's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention , held on 13 -- 16 March 1979 , in Brussels . Sony 's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979 . A week later , on 8 March .",
          "c_entity": [
            "japan",
            "eindhoven",
            "brussels",
            "netherlands"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ecf7acb0c0d14000f15c8_s",
              "question": "Where is the 62nd AES conference held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brussels",
                  "answer_start": 987
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the 62nd AES Convention held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14282_s",
          "context": ". , jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself , told Orchamus the truth , betraying her sister 's trust and confidence in her . Enraged , Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive . Apollo changed her into an incense plant , either heliotrope or sunflower , which follows the sun every day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leucothea",
            "clytia",
            "orchamus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728db98ff5b5019007da83a_s",
              "question": "Who is her mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Orchamus",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Leucothea's mother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15647_s",
          "context": "After the Voyager 2 flyby mission , the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system , is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission . However , there have been a couple of discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner . , there was a proposal in NASA 's `` Vision Missions Studies '' for a `` Neptune Orbiter with Probes '' mission that does Cassini-level science . Another , more recent proposal was for Argo , a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019 , that would visit Jupiter , Saturn , Neptune , and a Kuiper belt object . The proposed New Horizons 2 mission -LRB- which was later scrapped -RRB- might also have done a close flyby of the Neptunian system .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2019",
            "the late 2020s",
            "2003",
            "early 2030s",
            "2029"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eb0fd03f9891900756961_s",
              "question": "When does Argo start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2019",
                  "answer_start": 466
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will Argo be launched?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17895_s",
          "context": "With respect to these outer regions , the Qing maintained imperial control , with the emperor acting as Mongol khan , patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims . However , Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884 . During The Great Game era , Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire , and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria . The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered , and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang . , which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757 , maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930 . In early 20th century , Britain sent an expedition force to Tibet and forced Tibetans to sign a treaty . The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet , resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China . The British agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet , while China engaged not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet . Furthermore , similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier , the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century , officially known as the `` Three Northeast Provinces '' , and established the post of Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces , making the total number of regional viceroys to nine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yaqub beg",
            "dungan",
            "kumul khanate"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315a55e6313a140071ce7b_s",
              "question": "Who rules Kashgar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yaqub Beg",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled Kashgaria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16170_s",
          "context": "Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They are intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players and any computer with the suitable software irrespective of the operating system. The images can also be printed out on photographic paper with a special Kodak machine. This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kodak"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f748904bcaa1900d7697f_s",
              "question": "Who made the disc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kodak",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created Photo CDs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18534_s",
          "context": ", as well as the officers and troops under him , had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations , and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans -- a beach landing assault . His first struggles , however , were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion . He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord , as he did . ; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were justified in shedding the yoke of the Germans .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisenhower",
            "roosevelt",
            "ernest j. king",
            "churchill",
            "de gaulle",
            "george s. patton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324c04e17f3d1400422809_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the French army at that time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "de Gaulle",
                  "answer_start": 507
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of French forces in this period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2906_s",
          "context": ", he was an extremely cautious studio chief . He also financed all of his own films , refusing to take on debt . , but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers . Character actor Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1920s , appearing steadily in dramas . His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame -LRB- 1923 -RRB- and The Phantom of the Opera -LRB- 1925 -RRB- . Promoted to studio chief . Without his guidance Universal became a second-tier studio , and would remain so for several decades .",
          "c_entity": [
            "laemmle",
            "lon chaney",
            "marcus loew",
            "irving thalberg",
            "erich von stroheim",
            "universal",
            "mgm",
            "william fox",
            "adolph zukor",
            "louis b. mayer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14927e3433e1400422d5a_s",
              "question": "Who performs in the phantom of the opera?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lon Chaney",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who starred in The Phantom of the Opera?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17876_s",
          "context": ", pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup . Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising . Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin , an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously , but the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 was a military humiliation . The Treaty of Shimonoseki recognized Korean independence and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan . The terms might have been harsher , but when Japanese citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang , an international outcry shamed the Japanese into revising them . The original agreement stipulated the cession of Liaodong Peninsula to Japan , but Russia , with its own designs on the territory , along with Germany and France , in what was known as the Triple Intervention , successfully put pressure on the Japanese to abandon the peninsula .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1884",
            "1895"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314aae05b4da19006bcfdc_s",
              "question": "When was the first Sino Japanese war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the First Sino-Japanese War happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1495_s",
          "context": "Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay , along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters . Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters , Ted Quinlan , head of the Canberra torch relay committee , said : `` We did n't expect this reaction from the Chinese community . It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers . But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully . '' . Also , Australia 's ACT Chief Minister . '' , 2008 , touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests . People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet . At least five people were arrested during the torch relay . Police said `` the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet . '' At one point , groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters . One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ted quinlan",
            "jon stanhope",
            "ian thorpe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96fb4dc89441400fdb462_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the Canberra torch Management Committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ted Quinlan",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14531_s",
          "context": ". , a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily . During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos -LRB- Πάνορμος -RRB- from which the current name is derived , meaning `` all port '' due to the shape of its coast . In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse . In 276 BC , during the Pyrrhic War , Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus , but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275 . In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus -LRB- the name Latin name -RRB- . Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "syracuse",
            "pyrrhus",
            "palermo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295edc6aef051400154d98_s",
              "question": "Who conquered panomo and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pyrrhus of Epirus",
                  "answer_start": 461
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7483_s",
          "context": "The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment . Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery , while other poems were written directly about scientific topics . , a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books -LRB- 1712 -RRB- . After Newton 's death in 1727 , poems were composed in his honour for decades . James Thomson -LRB- 1700 -- 1748 -RRB- penned his `` Poem to the Memory of Newton , '' which mourned the loss of Newton , but also praised his science and legacy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard blackmore",
            "james thomson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ed0690dc6ce1900205106_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a poem called \"poems in memory of Newton\" to mourn Newton's death and heritage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Thomson",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who penned a poem called \"Poem to the Memory of Newton\" to mourn the loss and praise the legacy of Newton? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-212_s",
          "context": "In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d4c24776f41900661305_s",
              "question": "When was tyramine produced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was tyrothricin created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17620_s",
          "context": "Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.",
          "c_entity": [
            "23 april 1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730fac8a5e9cc1400cdbb66_s",
              "question": "When did Namibia join the United Nations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 April 1990",
                  "answer_start": 488
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Namibia join the UN?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12165_s",
          "context": "On June 14 , 1987 , about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga , and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin 's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941 . The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators . The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18 , the date of Latvia 's independence in 1918 . On November 18 , 1987 , hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument , but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless .",
          "c_entity": [
            "baltic states",
            "riga",
            "baltic republics"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572791e9dd62a815002ea0a9_s",
              "question": "Where is the monument to freedom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Riga",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Freedom Monument?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7610_s",
          "context": ", again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth . The UN Secretary General , Ban Ki-moon , introduced her as `` an anchor for our age '' . During her visit to New York , which followed a tour of Canada . The Queen 's visit to Australia in October 2011 -- was called her `` farewell tour '' in the press because of her age .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1954",
            "october 2011",
            "a second",
            "2010",
            "september 11"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fc84780d9841400ab3677_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth say goodbye to Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 2011",
                  "answer_start": 280
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7345_s",
          "context": ", some of them regulars , others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours . Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War , Algeria , the Franco-Austrian War in Italy , and in the Franco-Mexican War . However , following the `` Seven Weeks War '' between Prussia and Austria four years earlier . Under Marshal Adolphe Niel , urgent reforms were made . Universal conscription -LRB- rather than by ballot , as previously -RRB- and a shorter period of service gave increased numbers of reservists , who would swell the army to a planned strength of 800,000 on mobilisation . Those who for any reason were not conscripted were to be enrolled in the Garde Mobile , a militia with a nominal strength of 400,000 . However , the Franco-Prussian War broke out before these reforms could be completely implemented . The mobilisation of reservists was chaotic and resulted in large numbers of stragglers , while the Garde Mobile were generally untrained and often mutinous .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adolphe niel",
            "prussian army",
            "french army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d502db3d812140066d6a0_s",
              "question": "Who reformed a small number of troops through universal military service?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marshal Adolphe Niel",
                  "answer_start": 385
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who reformed the low numbers of troops by implementing universal conscription?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8264_s",
          "context": "After the collapse of the talks and a controversial visit by Likud leader Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount , the Second Intifada began . Some commentators contend that the uprising was pre-planned by Yasser Arafat due to the collapse of peace talks . Sharon became prime minister in a 2001 special election . During his tenure , Sharon carried out his plan to unilaterally withdraw from the Gaza Strip and also spearheaded the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier , ending the Intifada . By this time 1,100 Israelis had been killed , mostly in suicide bombings . The Palestinian fatalities , reached 4,745 killed by Israeli security forces , 44 killed by Israeli civilians , and 577 killed by Palestinians .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001",
            "30 april 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bd7fec44d21400f3d4a0_s",
              "question": "When did Ariel Sharon become prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Ariel Sharon become prime minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7688_s",
          "context": "Dell 's manufacturing process covers assembly , software installation , functional testing -LRB- including `` burn-in '' -RRB- , and quality control . Throughout most of the company 's history , Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house . The company 's approach has changed , as cited in the 2006 Annual Report , which states , `` We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships . '' . , Dell 's `` configure to order '' approach of manufacturing -- delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2008",
            "2006",
            "the late 2000s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fc88e80d9841400ab367f_s",
              "question": "When did Dell describe her changing mode of production?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 373
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Dell describe their changing approach to manufacturing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1372_s",
          "context": "American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States . In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks . In Canada , the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two . CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014 , Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fox",
            "ctv"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db6760e7c41114004b50ac_s",
              "question": "Who broadcast the first 13 seasons in Canada?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "CTV and/or CTV Two",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12940_s",
          "context": ", The Temptations , The Four Tops , The Spinners , The Elgins , The Monitors . , the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman 's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown .",
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          "context": ". His colleague , was an extreme aristocrat . , resulting in Cicero going into self-imposed exile and his house in Rome being burnt down .",
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          "context": "The first satellite of the second-generation system , Compass-M1 was launched in 2007 . , achieving functional regional coverage . A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase .",
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          "context": "Believing the northern approaches to the city too well defended , especially due to the presence of a large star fort and because Sevastopol was on the south side of the inlet from the sea that made the harbour , Sir John Burgoyne , the engineer advisor , recommended that the allies attack Sevastopol from the south . This was agreed by the joint commanders : 426 On 25 September the whole army marched southeast and encircled the city to the south . This let them set up a new supply center in a number of protected inlets on the south coast . The Russians retreated into the city .",
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          "context": "In Burma the British , under intense pressure , made a fighting retreat from Rangoon to the Indo-Burmese border . This cut the Burma Road which was the western Allies ' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists . In March 1942 . On 16 April , 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division led by Sun Li-jen . Cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan , and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their area of operations in occupied territories . Most of the Nationalist guerrilla areas were eventually overtaken by the Communists . On the other hand , some Nationalist units were deployed to blockade the Communists and not the Japanese . Furthermore , but not directly under his command . , only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals , and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government ; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men . '' The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their offensives .",
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          "context": "The causes of World War I included many factors , including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war . , France , and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907 . The alignment of the three powers , supplemented by various agreements with Japan , the United States , and Spain , Austria-Hungary , and Italy , the third having concluded an additional secret agreement with France effectively nullifying her Alliance commitments . Militarism , alliances , imperialism , and nationalism played major roles in the conflict . The immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914 , the spark -LRB- or casus belli -RRB- for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria .",
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          "context": "Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolmasters, but that his grandfather was the more extraordinary man. Whitehead's mother was Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster. Whitehead was apparently not particularly close with his mother, as he never mentioned her in any of his writings, and there is evidence that Whitehead's wife, Evelyn, had a low opinion of her.",
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          "context": "Heitaro Nakajima , became general manager of Sony 's audio department in 1971 . After this , in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made . Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976 . A year later , in September 1977 , Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio -LRB- 44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution -RRB- using MFM modulation . In September 1978 , the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time , 44,056 Hz sampling rate , 16-bit linear resolution , and cross-interleaved error correction code -- specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980 . Technical details of Sony 's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention , held on 13 -- 16 March 1979 , in Brussels . A week later , on 8 March , Netherlands .",
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          "context": "As a result , but remained close friends . , and in November 1985 , they married , already having had a son , Max Samuel . , however . They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son. : 403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history .",
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          "context": "In 2014 , the airport received 15 new boarding bridges , totalling 28 in all . This was the main requirement made by the federal government , which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction . The group invested R$ 750 million in the project . , the number of parking spaces doubled , reaching three thousand . The airport 's entrance have a new rooftop cover and a new access road . Furthermore , a VIP room was created on Terminal 1 's third floor . Brasília has direct flights to all states of Brazil and direct international flights to Atlanta , Buenos Aires , Lisbon , Miami , Panama City , and Paris .",
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          "context": ". As an emergency measure , John recreated a version of Henry II 's Assize of Arms of 1181 , with each shire creating a structure to mobilise local levies . When the threat of invasion faded , John formed a large military force in England intended for Poitou , and a large fleet with soldiers under his own command intended for Normandy . To achieve this , John reformed the English feudal contribution to his campaigns , creating a more flexible system under which only one knight in ten would actually be mobilised , but would be financially supported by the other nine ; knights would serve for an indefinite period . John built up a strong team of engineers for siege warfare and a substantial force of professional crossbowmen . The king was supported by a team of leading barons with military expertise , including William Longespée , William the Marshal , Roger de Lacy and , until he fell from favour , the marcher lord William de Braose .",
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          "context": "At the time of her accession , the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne , who relied on him for advice . , and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure . Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey . Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations . She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £ 385,000 per year . Financially prudent , she paid off her father 's debts .",
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          "context": "The original early 19th-century interior designs , many of which survive , include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis , on the advice of Sir Charles Long . Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House . The palace has 775 rooms , and the garden is the largest private garden in London . The state rooms , used for official and state entertaining , are open to the public each year for most of August and September , and on selected days in winter and spring .",
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          "context": "After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008 -- 09 season , the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth -LRB- 8th -RRB- in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season . In 2012 , but lost to the Miami Heat in five games .",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8896_s",
          "context": "In 2004 . Despite a mid-season deal for Nomar Garciaparra . They led the Wild Card by 1.5 games over San Francisco and Houston on September 25 , and both of those teams lost that day , a defeat that seemingly deflated the team .",
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          "context": ". , who became the first woman -LRB- elected or otherwise -RRB- to govern Mexico City . In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected , and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections . In 2006 -- 2012 period .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the second head of government elected?"
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          "context": "The U.S. Navy , by contrast , relied on commerce raiding from the outset . However , the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines , led to diversion of boats to `` guerrilla submarine '' missions . As well , basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while en route to patrol areas , reducing their effectiveness , and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases . Furthermore , the standard-issue Mark 14 torpedo and its Mark VI exploder both proved defective , problems which were not corrected until September 1943 . Worst of all , before the war , an uninformed US Customs officer had seized a copy of the Japanese merchant marine code -LRB- called the `` maru code '' in the USN -RRB- , not knowing that the Office of Naval Intelligence -LRB- ONI -RRB- had broken it . The Japanese promptly changed it , and the new code was not broken again by OP-20G until 1943 .",
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          "context": "John 's campaign started well . In November John retook Rochester Castle from rebel baron William d'Aubigny in a sophisticated assault . One chronicler had not seen `` a siege so hard pressed or so strongly resisted '' , whilst historian Reginald Brown describes it as `` one of the greatest -LSB- siege -RSB- operations in England up to that time '' . Having regained the south-east John split his forces , sending William Longespée to retake the north side of London and East Anglia , whilst John himself headed north via Nottingham to attack the estates of the northern barons . Both operations were successful and the majority of the remaining rebels were pinned down in London . , who had allied himself with the rebel cause .",
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          "context": "Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death.",
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          "context": "From childhood , Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya ; his nation was occupied by Italy , and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops . According to later claims , Gaddafi 's paternal grandfather , Abdessalam Bouminyar , was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911 . , Libya was occupied by British and French forces . Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires , the General Assembly of the United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- declared that the country be granted political independence . , the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya , a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch , Idris , who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy .",
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          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on the author 's observations of her family and neighbors .",
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          "context": "Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war . Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon . Desperate for a legitimate heir . Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection , Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise . On 20 March 1811 , Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy , whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome . His son never actually ruled the empire , but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II .",
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              "original_question": " When did Marie Louise give birth?"
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          "context": "As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe -LRB- see above : History -RRB- , Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula -- in her library as one of her most precious heritages . After the total destruction of this institution in 1870 , however , a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch . , Strasbourg 's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula , distributed as follows : Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire , ca. 2 098 Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg , 394 Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire , 238 Médiathèque protestante , 94 and Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel , 5 .",
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          "context": "Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s, only ten people besides Gilmore (who had waived all of his appeal rights) were actually executed prior to 1984.",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was executed on 17 January 1977?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Gary Gilmore",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was executed on January 17, 1977?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9552_s",
          "context": ". Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor . During his administration , a new library was also added , doubling the library space on campus . Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980 , encouraging a combination of educational excellence and religious faith at the university . He believed that one of the school 's greatest strengths was its religious nature and that this should be taken advantage of rather than hidden . During his administration , the university added a campus in Jerusalem . In 1989 . A cancer victim . Shortly before his death .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726712af1498d1400e8dfbe_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the first BIW campus outside the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jeffrey R. Holland",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.?"
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          "context": "Nicholas began courting Britain by means of conversations with the British ambassador , in January and February 1853 . : 105 Nicholas insisted that he no longer wished to expand Imperial Russia : 105 but that he had an obligation to the Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire. : 105 The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat . By previous treaties , the sultan was committed `` to protect the -LRB- Eastern Orthodox -RRB- Christian religion and its churches . '' . A compromise was reached regarding Orthodox access to the Holy Land , but the Sultan , strongly supported by the British ambassador , rejected the more sweeping demands .",
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            {
              "id": "5726ca375951b619008f7e28_s",
              "question": "Who says he doesn't want to spread Russian imperialism anymore?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nicholas",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who declared they no longer wanted to spread Imperial Russian?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17388_s",
          "context": "The first great English translation was the Wycliffe Bible -LRB- ca. 1382 -RRB- , which showed the weaknesses of an underdeveloped English prose . -- an adaptation of Arthurian romances so free that it can , in fact , hardly be called a true translation . The first great Tudor translations are , accordingly -- 25 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When did wyclive Bible translate?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When was the Wycliffe Bible translated?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15112_s",
          "context": "-- 1776 -RRB- responded to Berkeley 's criticisms of Locke , as well as other differences between early modern philosophers , and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism . Hume argued in keeping with the empiricist view that all knowledge derives from sense experience , but he accepted that this has implications not normally acceptable to philosophers . He wrote for example , `` Locke divides all arguments into demonstrative and probable . On this view , we must say that it is only probable that all men must die or that the sun will rise to-morrow , because neither of these can be demonstrated . But to conform our language more to common use , we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations , proofs , and probabilities -- by ` proofs ' meaning arguments from experience that leave no room for doubt or opposition . '' And ,",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Hume die?",
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              "original_question": "When did Hume die?"
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          "context": ". Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce , though the abbey 's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele 's renovation , with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed .",
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              "question": "Who is the monastery without tower after repair?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yevele",
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              "original_question": "The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13764_s",
          "context": "On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, \"the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence\".",
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              "question": "When did Musharraf deliver his anti Islamic speech?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "12 January 2002",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?"
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          "context": "In response to Madero 's letter to action , taking military control of several northern Mexican cities with other revolutionary leaders . Against Madero 's wishes . After militias loyal to Madero defeated the Mexican federal army , on May 21 , 1911 . Insisting on a new election , Madero won overwhelmingly in late 1911 . He organized his own army , called `` Orozquistas '' -- after Madero refused to agree to social reforms calling for better working hours , pay and conditions . The rural working class , which had supported Madero .",
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              "question": "Who did orozo respond to?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Madero",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Orozco responded to whose letter to action?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9882_s",
          "context": "The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win . French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy . Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied , including those of the Netherlands , which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810 . Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties : France ceded the Ionian Islands , Mauritius , St Lucia , and Tobago ; Spain ceded Trinidad ; the Netherlands Guyana , and the Cape Colony . Britain returned Guadeloupe , Martinique , French Guiana , and Réunion to France , and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands .",
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              "question": "When did Napoleon annex the Dutch colony?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1810",
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              "original_question": "When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5344_s",
          "context": "The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine , invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 . The differential analyser , a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms , the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin .",
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            {
              "id": "56fdcccd761e401900d28c0a_s",
              "question": "When did the first analog computer appear as a tide predictor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 100
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              "original_question": "When was the first analog computer in the form of a tide-predicting machine created?"
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          "context": "The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state , including the President of the Republic . In addition to that , the Riigikogu appoints , on the proposal of the President of Estonia , the Auditor General . A member of the Riigikogu has the right to demand explanations from the Government of the Republic and its members . This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state .",
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              "question": "Who elects senior officials from Estonia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "The Riigikogu",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who chooses high state officials of Estonia?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-43_s",
          "context": "The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849 . The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty . With each new president , new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them . , which housed the university 's administration , classrooms , and dormitories . Beginning in 1873 , a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier . By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building .",
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              "question": "Who opened a library at Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Father Lemonnier",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which individual began a library at Notre Dame?"
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          "context": "In 1063 , Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons . In 1072 . Nevertheless , in his Kingdom of Galicia the Galician language was the only language spoken , and the most used in government and legal uses , as well as in literature .",
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              "question": "Who put his son in control of Galicia in 1063?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ferdinand I",
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              "original_question": "Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2520_s",
          "context": ", which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program . The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774 . However , its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches were conducted in 1947 . In 1950 , von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral . In 1951 , the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593 , and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding . The MX-1593 program evolved to become the Atlas-A , with its maiden launch occurring June 11 , 1957 , becoming the first successful American ICBM . Its upgraded version , the Atlas-D rocket , would later serve as an operational nuclear ICBM and as the orbital launch vehicle for Project Mercury and the remote-controlled Agena Target Vehicle used in Project Gemini .",
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              "id": "56e087e6231d4119001ac278_s",
              "question": "Where has the pgm-11 Redstone missile family been tested?",
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                {
                  "text": "Cape Canaveral",
                  "answer_start": 314
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14353_s",
          "context": ". Historically , the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades . However , from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist . Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles . The party 's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia 's middle class would form its main constituency .",
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              "question": "Who is the longest running leader of the Australian liberal party?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Robert Menzies",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?"
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        {
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          "context": ", in front of a live studio audience . The finals lasted eight weeks in season one , eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve , which lasted ten weeks , and season thirteen , which lasted for thirteen weeks . Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown , disco , or big band , or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant 's year of birth . Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme . In season ten , Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season . Initially the contestants sing one song each week , but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards , then three songs for the top two or three .",
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              "question": "Who is the mentor of American Idol Season 10?",
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                  "answer_start": 595
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              "original_question": "Who was the mentor on season ten of American Idol? "
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10761_s",
          "context": ". , in 1776 , came the American Declaration of Independence . Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania . He claimed the English national character was being changed by this authoritarianism . Burke wrote : `` As to the good people of England , they seem to partake every day more and more of the Character of that administration which they have been induced to tolerate . I am satisfied . We seem no longer that eager , inquisitive , jealous , fiery people , which we have been formerly '' .",
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              "question": "When was the declaration of independence issued?",
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              "original_question": "When was the American Declaration of Independence issued?"
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          "context": ". In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 .",
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              "question": "When did modernity begin in England?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Battle of Bosworth in 1485",
                  "answer_start": 133
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              "original_question": "When is the modern period dated in England?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2716_s",
          "context": "On November 17 , 1987 , which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson , for US$ 2 billion .",
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              "question": "Who is CBS's greatest artist?",
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                {
                  "text": "Michael Jackson",
                  "answer_start": 50
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the biggest artist that CBS had?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17982_s",
          "context": "The new government drafted and implemented a constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary system . Saad Zaghlul was popularly elected as Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924 . In 1936 , the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded . Continued instability due to remaining British influence and increasing political involvement by the king led to the dissolution of the parliament in a military coup d'état known as the 1952 Revolution . British military presence in Egypt lasted until 1954 .",
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              "id": "5731596ee6313a140071ce60_s",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Saad Zaghlul",
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              "original_question": "Who was elected in 1924?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16867_s",
          "context": "However , civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian , Lepidus and Mark Antony failed . The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony . At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece , Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra . Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole `` imperium '' within the city of Rome , permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory , since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command . In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names `` Augustus '' and `` Princeps '' , indicating his primary status above all other Romans , and he adopted the title `` Imperator Caesar '' making him the first Roman Emperor .",
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              "question": "Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony in the battle of actem?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Octavian",
                  "answer_start": 64
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2399_s",
          "context": "In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre . In contrast , the Theatre Royal 's production and education centre , TR2 , which was built on wasteland at Cattedown .",
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              "question": "When was the parking lot removed from Charles cross station?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2004",
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              "original_question": "When was the Charles Cross car park removed?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7303_s",
          "context": "Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.",
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            {
              "id": "570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a8_s",
              "question": "When was Avgin approved?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2006",
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              "original_question": "In what year was ARFORGEN approved?"
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          "context": "The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit. The city government is run by a mayor and a nine-member city council and clerk elected on an at-large nonpartisan ballot. Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a \"strong mayoral\" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments. The council approves budgets but the mayor is not obligated to adhere to any earmarking. City ordinances and substantially large contracts must be approved by the council. The Detroit City Code is the codification of Detroit's local ordinances.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d4373acd2414000dff98_s",
              "question": "When was the Charter of Detroit adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 245
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              ],
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              "original_question": "When was Detroit's charter approved?"
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          "context": ", the Allies exiled him to Elba , 20 km -LRB- 12 mi -RRB- off the Tuscan coast . They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor . Its potency had weakened with age , however , and he survived to be exiled while his wife and son took refuge in Austria . In the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army , developed the iron mines , and issued decrees on modern agricultural methods .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where was Napoleon's wife and son hiding when he was exiled?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Austria",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6771_s",
          "context": "In 1939 , the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations . The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders , as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast , but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list . Robert Shivers , head of the Honolulu office , while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor . , authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast . , but Roosevelt prevailed . The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders , but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations , FBI agents handled their arrests . The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war , conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp , and entering the camps -LRB- usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials -RRB- and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and `` troublemakers . '' After the war , the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the FBI start listing prisons?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When did the Bureau begin compiling a custodial detention list?"
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          "context": "With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period.",
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              "question": "Who wrote the city of God?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The City of God?"
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        }
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          "context": "Schwarzenegger has consulted an attorney . They will share custody of the two minor children . Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney 's fees . However , he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them . Schwarzenegger has filed amended divorce papers remedying this .",
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              "question": "Who left his family at Brentwood?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Schwarzenegger",
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              "original_question": "Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood?"
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        {
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          "context": ", beating Clay Aiken by a small margin . Out of a total of 24 million votes . This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through . In an interview prior to season five .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the runner up on season two of American Idol?"
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          "context": "In 1855 a reprint of a letter earlier sent to The Times appeared in Littel 's Living Age . Its author , Thomas Taylor Meadows , was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resources on a false threat from Russia against China . Toward the end of the letter he said :",
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              "question": "When did a letter to the times appear in Little's time?",
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              "original_question": "When was a reprint of a letter sent to The Times appear in Littel's Living Age?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12622_s",
          "context": ", reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century . It has been proposed that , like Dublin . The ecclesiastical settlement continued alongside the Viking longphort , with the two developing a type of symbiotic relationship ; the Norsemen providing otherwise unobtainable trade goods for the monastery , and perhaps also military aid .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Saint Finbarr",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was thought to have founded Cork?"
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          "context": "Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory . It recognised the South West Africa People 's Organisation -LRB- SWAPO -RRB- as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973 . Namibia , however , remained under South African administration during this time as South-West Africa . Following internal violence . , with the exception of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands .",
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              "question": "When was swabo appointed representative of the Namibian people?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1973",
                  "answer_start": 239
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was SWAPO designated as the representative of Namibian people?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17632_s",
          "context": "Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon. The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m). He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships. He is also known for humanitarian activities in Namibia and beyond.",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Frankie Fredericks",
                  "answer_start": 328
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              "original_question": "Who is the most famous athlete from Namibia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10786_s",
          "context": ". Burke 's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke `` was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles '' but because Burke wrote with so much passion , people were doubtful of his arguments . William Windham spoke from the same bench in the House of Commons as Burke had , when he had separated from Fox , and an observer said Windham spoke `` like the ghost of Burke '' when he made a speech against peace with France in 1801 . William Hazlitt , a political opponent of Burke , regarded him as amongst his three favourite writers -LRB- the others being Junius and Rousseau -RRB- , and made it `` a test of the sense and candour of any one belonging to the opposite party , whether he allowed Burke to be a great man '' . In his Two Addresses to the Freeholders of Westmorland Wordsworth called Burke `` the most sagacious Politician of his age '' whose predictions `` time has verified '' . He later revised his poem The Prelude to include praise of Burke -LRB- `` Genius of Burke ! forgive the pen seduced/By specious wonders '' -RRB- and portrayed him as an old oak . Samuel Taylor Coleridge came to have a similar conversion : he had criticised Burke in The Watchman -- 10 -RRB- Coleridge defended Burke from charges of inconsistency . Later . He was a scientific statesman ; and therefore a seer '' . Henry Brougham wrote of Burke : '' ... all his predictions , save one momentary expression , had been more than fulfilled : anarchy and bloodshed had borne sway in France ; conquest and convulsion had desolated Europe ... the providence of mortals is not often able to penetrate so far as this into futurity '' . George Canning believed that Burke 's Reflections `` has been justified by the course of subsequent events ; and almost every prophecy has been strictly fulfilled '' . The Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli `` was deeply penetrated with the spirit and sentiment of Burke 's later writings '' .",
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              "question": "When was Windham openly opposed to peace with France?",
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              "original_question": "When did Windham speak against peace with France?"
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          "context": "The Bingley Arms , Bardsey , Yorkshire . Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240 , although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War . , when it was an alehouse for the workers constructing nearby Norwich Cathedral . Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton , Lancashire . Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure .",
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              "question": "When will your old salute Inn come back?",
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          "context": "Between April 1877 and February 1878 . , led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War . `` If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power '' , she wrote , `` we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars , somewhere or other , CONTINUALLY . '' , protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers : `` It is not in our custom to annexe countries '' , she said , `` unless we are obliged & forced to do so . '' To Victoria 's dismay , and Gladstone returned as prime minister . , she was blinded by `` fast falling tears '' , and erected a memorial tablet `` placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend , Victoria R.I. ''",
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              "question": "Who won the 1880 parliamentary election?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who won the 1880 general election?"
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          "context": ". , the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa . They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon , where they constituted a fifth of the population , and the Valencia area specifically , where they were roughly a third of the total population . The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613 . The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles , who had lost much of their agricultural labour force ; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come . Later , Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money , resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain .",
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          "context": "Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII . These young women were known as débutantes , and the occasion -- termed their `` coming out '' -- represented their first entrée into society . Débutantes wore full court dress , with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair . They entered , curtsied , and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy , while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length . -LRB- The ceremony , known as an evening court . -RRB- After World War II , the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions , usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress .",
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              "original_question": "Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?"
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          "context": "In 1978 , Jim Shooter became Marvel 's editor-in-chief . Although a controversial personality , Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel , including repeatedly missed deadlines . During Shooter 's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief . Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market , institutionalized creator royalties ; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars ; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint . , a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles , was briefly successful during this period .",
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          "context": "In January 2012 a Tuareg rebellion began in Northern Mali . In March , military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état , citing Touré 's failures in quelling the rebellion . , declaring independence as Azawad . However , turned on the Tuareg and took control of the North with the goal of implementing sharia in Mali .",
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              "original_question": "In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali?"
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          "context": "In 1738 , began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna . The Queen consort of Portugal ; and after his first wife died . , however . , was crowned . In contrast to his father .",
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              "question": "Who arranged for the second marriage of widow de Mello?",
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              "original_question": "Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?"
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          "context": "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.",
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              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion?"
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          "context": "Additionally , Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry , with several high-profile films shot in the metro region in the past few years , Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe . In 2015 Richmond will be the main filming location for the upcoming PBS drama series Mercy Street , which will premiere in Winter 2016 . Several organizations , along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival , continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region .",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?"
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          "context": "Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expenses were paid for by taxes coming from that province, with the remainder each year being sent to the central government in Damascus. As the central power of the Umayyad rulers waned in the later years of the dynasty, some governors neglected to send the extra tax revenue to Damascus and created great personal fortunes.",
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                  "text": "Damascus",
                  "answer_start": 442
                }
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          "context": "While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia , Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense , declared on 6 September that France would not `` yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses . '' The republic then renewed the declaration of war , called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance . Under these circumstances , the Germans had to continue the war , yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity . As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris , the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris . By September 15 , German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city . On September 19 , the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade .",
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          "context": "The editor , Larry Lamb , was originally from a Labour background -- 75 -RRB- was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative . An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period , voiced by actor Christopher Timothy . -- the so-called `` Spanish practices '' of the print unions -- The Sun was very profitable , enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973 .",
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              "question": "When did Murdoch begin to expand to the United States?",
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                  "text": "1973",
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              "original_question": "When did Murdoch begin expanding into the U.S?"
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          "context": "Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels . Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons , even from third parties , until Mac OS X arrived in 2001 . Apple continued to offer only single button mice , in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions , until August 2005 , when it introduced the Mighty Mouse . While it looked like a traditional one-button mouse , it actually had four buttons and a scroll ball , capable of independent x - and y-axis movement . A Bluetooth version followed in July 2006 . In October 2009 , Apple introduced the Magic Mouse , which uses multi-touch gesture recognition -LRB- similar to that of the iPhone -RRB- instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball . It is available only in a wireless configuration , but the wired Mighty Mouse -LRB- re-branded as `` Apple Mouse '' -RRB- is still available as an alternative . Since 2010 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d3848fed7b91900d45d3d_s",
              "question": "Who didn't want to hug the mouse with a few buttons and scrolls at first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Apple",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1543_s",
          "context": "Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China . `` FEELS '' stands for five things in curriculum and education : Flexible-goals , Engaged-learner , Embodied-knowledge , Learning-through-interactions , and Supportive-teacher . It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to `` help a person become whole . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "xie bangxiu",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733948e4776f41900660dd2_s",
              "question": "Who created the emotional model in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Xie Bangxiu",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who established the FEELS model in China?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9864_s",
          "context": ". , commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic . Cabot sailed in 1497 , like Christopher Columbus , that he had reached Asia -RRB- , there was no attempt to found a colony .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726627bf1498d1400e8ddd2_s",
              "question": "Where does Cabot want to find his way across the North Atlantic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Cabot trying to find a route to via the North Atlantic?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13767_s",
          "context": ", he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue . While on a trip to Delhi in 2002 , though he did not have any hard evidence . U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan . Fazlur Rehman Khalil , the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen , signed al-Qaeda 's 1998 declaration of holy war , which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies . Indian sources claimed that In 2006 ; this worried the Indian government . India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan . While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "osama bin laden",
            "robert gates"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284a5bff5b5019007da108_s",
              "question": "Who led the haqqatur jihadists?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fazlur Rehman Khalil",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-93_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , Authors , and Publishers Pop Music Awards . Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs -LRB- `` Irreplaceable '' , `` Grillz '' and `` Check on It '' -RRB- in the same year . -LRB- The latter wrote her 9/11-motivated song `` I Was Here '' for 4 . -RRB- In May 2011 , Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the `` Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters '' , for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . She was one of only three women on that list .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mariah carey",
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            "beyoncé",
            "diane warren"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beb9203aeaaa14008c92d1_s",
              "question": "Who was awarded the pop writer of the year award in 2001?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beyoncé",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001 was awarded to whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15063_s",
          "context": ", Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs . Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams , coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT , AIIMS , National Law University , Sardar Patel Police University , National institute of Fashion Technology , MBM Engineering College etc. . Kota is popularly referred to as . Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani , Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur , IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT . , 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools . There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students . Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan , Manipal University Jaipur , OPJS University , Churu , Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh -LRB- Women 's University , Sikar -RRB- , RNB Global University , Bikaner . The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes -LRB- ITIs -RRB- that impart vocational training .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
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            "malaviya national institute of technology jaipur"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab10734ae481900deac30_s",
              "question": "Where can I find AIIMS?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jodhpur",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what educational hub would one find AIIMS?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17362_s",
          "context": "The University of Swaziland , Southern African Nazarene University , Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country . There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country . Ngwane Teacher 's College and William Pitcher College are the country 's teaching colleges . The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5730537d396df91900096077_s",
              "question": "Where is the \"good shepherd hospital\" in Swaziland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Siteki",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where in Swaziland is The Good shepherd Hospital?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9616_s",
          "context": "Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores -LRB- GUM -RRB- , set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise . It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class , gender , and ethnic lines . GUM was designed to advance the Bolsheviks ' goals of eliminating private enterprise and rebuilding consumerism along socialist lines , as well as democratizing consumption for workers and peasants nationwide . GUM became a major propaganda purveyor , with advertising and promotional campaigns that taught Russians the goals of the regime and attempted to inculcate new attitudes and behavior . In trying to create a socialist consumer culture from scratch , GUM recast the functions and meanings of buying and selling . , however , GUM 's gandiose goals had proven unrealistic and largely alienated consumers , who instead learned a culture of complaint and entitlement . GUM 's main function became one of distributing whatever the factories sent them , regardless of consumer demand or quality .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267609f1498d1400e8e065_s",
              "question": "When did they start organizing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1921",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did they first establish the organization?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-732_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.",
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            {
              "id": "56d1073817492d1400aab786_s",
              "question": "Who wrote this novel to kill a Robin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harper Lee",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8910_s",
          "context": "On April 23 , 2008 , against the Colorado Rockies . , however , hold the mark for victories for a team in a single city . The Chicago club 's 77 , 1874 . Post-season series are also not included in the totals . To honor the milestone , along with the customary `` W '' flag .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57268114708984140094c848_s",
              "question": "Who did the cubs win their 10000 pounds in the regular season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Colorado Rockies",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season against?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6338_s",
          "context": "In June 1982 . In the following season , Barcelona won the Copa del Rey , beating Real Madrid . However . At the start of the 1984 -- 85 season . The next season , he took the team to their second European Cup final .",
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              "id": "570c3ff26b8089140040fc66_s",
              "question": "Who beat Barcelona this season after Maradona signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Real Madrid",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Barcelona defeat the season following the signing of Maradona?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-258_s",
          "context": "The British Library notes that `` Chopin 's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era . '' The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2 . The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cf5284aab44d1400b88fcc_s",
              "question": "Who played recordings of previously known Chopin works?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul Pabst",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who played the earlier known recording of Chopin's work?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5227_s",
          "context": "As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms , the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century . There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire ; most occurred in the Balkans . Peace with Persia , the traditional enemy of Rome , lasted throughout most of the 5th century . The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church , with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe . Legal developments included the codification of Roman law ; the first effort -- the Theodosian Code -- was completed in 438 . Under Emperor Justinian -LRB- r. 527 -- 565 -RRB- , another compilation took place . , under Belisarius -LRB- d. 565 -RRB- . The conquest of Italy was not complete , as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian 's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests . At the emperor 's death , the Byzantines had control of most of Italy , North Africa , and a small foothold in southern Spain . Justinian 's reconquests have been criticised by historians for overextending his realm and setting the stage for the Muslim conquests , but many of the difficulties faced by Justinian 's successors were due not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire , which made raising troops difficult .",
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            {
              "id": "56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bd_s",
              "question": "Who was the emperor at the time of compiling the civil law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Justinian",
                  "answer_start": 721
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4789_s",
          "context": "Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director ; his most famous film is Nha Fala -LRB- English : My Voice -RRB- . -LRB- The first feature film was N'tturudu , by director Umban u ' Kest in 1987 . -RRB- , Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize . Mortu Nega is in Creole with English subtitles . , Gomes directed Udju Azul di Yonta . Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "1988",
            "1987",
            "1992"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fa_s",
              "question": "When was the first feature film made in Guinea Bissau?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 200
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3460_s",
          "context": "Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of pronunciation, grammar, and especially vocabulary; showing instead its closest affinity with Occitan and to a lesser extent Gallo-Romance (French, Franco-Provençal, Gallo-Italian).",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16494e3433e1400422e75_s",
              "question": "Where is Catalan the most common?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Iberian Peninsula",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Catalan language mostly located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-847_s",
          "context": "Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany , Finland and Japan . Between 60,000 -LRB- 4 % -RRB- and 120,000 -LRB- 8 % -RRB- of Tajikistan 's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II . Following the war and Stalin 's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan . -- 58 Nikita Khrushchev 's Virgin Lands Campaign focused attention on Tajikistan , where living conditions , education and industry lagged behind the other Soviet Republics . , Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR , the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups . , the Soviet Union collapsed , and Tajikistan declared its independence .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5733acebd058e614000b600b_s",
              "question": "When did the Tajiks join the Soviet army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1500_s",
          "context": "Vietnam : The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29 . Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China -LRB- and other countries -RRB- for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands ; tensions have risen recently -LSB- when ? -RSB- , resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City . However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay , with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that `` hostile forces '' may try to disrupt the torch relay .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sansha",
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            "nguyễn tấn dũng"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db6ae2e7c41114004b50c1_s",
              "question": "Who is the Prime Minister of Vietnam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nguyễn Tấn Dũng",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Prime Minister of Vietnam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8786_s",
          "context": ". The style chosen was of a large , three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings . , in 1761 to George III for £ 21,000 . , the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family , was due to expire in 1774 .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572610b9271a42140099d41a_s",
              "question": "Who bought Buckingham Palace in 1761?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George III",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8645_s",
          "context": "There are several other important art museums in Montevideo . The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930 , the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay , significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes . In back of the museum is a beautiful Japanese Garden with a pond where there are over a hundred carp . The Museo de Historia del Arte , located in the Palacio Municipal , features replicas of ancient monuments and exhibits a varied collection of artifacts from Egypt , Mesopotamia , Persia , Greece , Rome and Native American cultures including local finds of the pre-Columbian period . The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial , in the Ciudad Vieja . These antiquaries are exhibits of pre-Columbian art of Latin America , painting and sculpture from the 17th and 18th century mostly from Mexico , Peru and Brazil .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "antonio taddei",
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            {
              "id": "5725de7eec44d21400f3d6fa_s",
              "question": "Who drew the theme of Uruguayan patriotism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Juan Manuel Blanes",
                  "answer_start": 66
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who painted Uruguayan patriotic themes?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17728_s",
          "context": "In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein\".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. The emitted light was detected by a PbS diode some distance away. This signal was fed into an audio amplifier, and played back by a loudspeaker. Intercepting the beam stopped the music. We had a great deal of fun playing with this setup.\" This setup presaged the use of LEDs for optical communication applications.",
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            {
              "id": "5730c3e8f6cb411900e24475_s",
              "question": "Who discovered the non radio applications of early LED devices?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kroemer Braunstein",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered non-radio uses for early LED devices?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10436_s",
          "context": "Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country , pesticides , and products on which they were used are traded across international borders . To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries , delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides in 1985 to create voluntary standards of pesticide regulation for different countries . The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b3c8dd62a815002e8d60_s",
              "question": "When was the international pesticide sales and use standard issued?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the international code which governs the distribution and use of pesticides established?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14242_s",
          "context": "Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens , covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees . Two of Paris ' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden , created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace , and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672 , and the Luxembourg Garden , for the Luxembourg Palace .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57290621af94a219006a9f7d_s",
              "question": "Who changed the name of duilery garden in 1664?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "André Le Nôtre",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians , who have accused them of promoting a kingship -LRB- mulk , a term with connotations of tyranny -RRB- instead of a true caliphate -LRB- khilafa -RRB- . In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah -LRB- `` successor of the messenger of God '' , the title preferred by the tradition -RRB- , but rather as khalifat Allah -LRB- `` deputy of God '' -RRB- . The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads `` regarded themselves as God 's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with , or delegate it to , the emergent class of religious scholars . '' In fact , it was precisely this class of scholars , that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period . In reconstructing this history , therefore , it is necessary to rely mainly on sources , that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the Abbas court?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Baghdad",
                  "answer_start": 1077
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Abbasid court based?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13606_s",
          "context": "There are many missionary groups operating in the country , including Lutherans , Baptists , Catholics , Grace Brethren , and Jehovah 's Witnesses . While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States , and other African countries . Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002 -- 3 , but many of them have now returned to continue their work .",
          "c_entity": [
            "democratic republic of the congo",
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            {
              "id": "57281c7f4b864d19001644ad_s",
              "question": "Where do most missionaries come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do most of the missionaries come from?"
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          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2212_s",
          "context": "Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.",
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            "armen takhtajan"
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            {
              "id": "56de368d4396321400ee26a9_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word choriovillitis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Armen Takhtajan",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term phytochoria?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2132_s",
          "context": ". Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead . Grover Cleveland , attempted to restore the power of his office . During his first term , he vetoed over four hundred bills -- twice as many bills as his twenty-one predecessors combined . He also began to suspend bureaucrats who were appointed as a result of the patronage system , replacing them with more `` deserving '' individuals . , however , refused to confirm many new nominations , instead demanding that Cleveland turn over the confidential records relating to the suspensions . Cleveland steadfastly refused , asserting , `` These suspensions are my executive acts , and I am unwilling to submit my actions to them for judgment . '' . Furthermore . Overall , this meant that Cleveland 's Administration marked the end of presidential subordination .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first president to veto the $400 bill?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Grover Cleveland",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first president to veto over 400 bills?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5336_s",
          "context": "Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use . A combination of the planisphere and dioptra , the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy . An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan , Persia in 1235 . Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe , an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1000 ad",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdc764761e401900d28bea_s",
              "question": "When was the first astrolabe invented with gears?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1235",
                  "answer_start": 409
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first astrolabe with gear-wheels was invented when?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8227_s",
          "context": "On 29 November 1947 . The end of the British Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948 . That day , David Ben-Gurion , declared `` the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel , to be known as the State of Israel , '' which would start to function from the termination of the mandate . The borders of the new state were not specified in the declaration . Neighboring Arab armies invaded the former Palestinian mandate on the next day and fought the Israeli forces . Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states , in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank , Sinai Peninsula -LRB- 1956 -- 57 , 1967 -- 82 -RRB- , part of Southern Lebanon -LRB- 1982 -- 2000 -RRB- , Gaza Strip -LRB- 1967 -- 2005 ; still considered occupied after 2005 disengagement -RRB- and the Golan Heights . It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem , but not the West Bank . Efforts to resolve the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace . However , peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed . Israel 's occupation of Gaza , the West Bank and East Jerusalem is the world 's longest military occupation in modern times . -LSB- note 2 -RSB-",
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            "zionist organization",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b267b80e561500fa6f2a_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of Zionist Organization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Ben-Gurion",
                  "answer_start": 116
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the executive head of the Zionist Organization?"
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          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5837_s",
          "context": "Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus , New Mexico ; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa . It was known as the Punitive Expedition . , American forces returned to the United States . The American intervention had been limited to the western sierras of Chihuahua . Villa had the advantage of intimately knowing the inhospitable terrain of the Sonoran Desert and the almost impassable Sierra Madre mountains and always managed to stay one step ahead of his pursuers . In 1923 Villa was assassinated by a group of seven gunmen who ambushed him while he was sitting in the back seat of his car in Parral .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nearly a year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070f6d90286e26004fc870_s",
              "question": "When was Vera murdered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1923",
                  "answer_start": 618
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year was Villa assassinated?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1084_s",
          "context": "The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20 , 2007 . He dedicated a performance of `` Hey Mama '' , as well as a cover of Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , to his mother , and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56cf83a7234ae51400d9bde3_s",
              "question": "Where is donda West's funeral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oklahoma City",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Donda West's funeral?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8054_s",
          "context": "In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571adbce32177014007e9f50_s",
              "question": "When did the lump come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did this push occur?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ". French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy , which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805 . Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied , which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810 . France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815 . , and the Cape Colony . , and Réunion to France , while gaining control of Ceylon -LRB- 1795 -- 1815 -RRB- .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where did the Royal Navy defeat France and Spain in 1805?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trafalgar",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13799_s",
          "context": "`` New Labour '' was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party , dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994 , called New Labour , New Life For Britain . It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock . `` New Labour '' as a name has no official status , but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions , normally referred to as `` Old Labour '' .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572877c6ff5b5019007da265_s",
              "question": "When did the trademark come into use?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was this branding first used?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ", and on 2 November 1830 , he set out , in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki , `` into the wide world , with no very clearly defined aim , forever . '' With Woyciechowski , he headed for Austria , intending to go on to Italy . Later that month , the November 1830 Uprising broke out . Chopin , was nostalgic for his homeland , and wrote to a friend , `` I curse the moment of my departure . '' When in September 1831 he learned , that the uprising had been crushed , he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal : `` Oh God ! ... You are there , and yet you do not take vengeance ! '' Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer 's maturing `` into an inspired national bard who intuited the past . ''",
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            {
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              "question": "Where will Chopin go to Austria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Italy",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
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          "context": ". His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies . The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel -LRB- 1878 -- 1902 -RRB- . , both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources .",
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              "question": "Who published Chopin's first collection?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Breitkopf & Härtel",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
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              "original_question": "Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3399_s",
          "context": "The first Code of Canon Law , was mostly for the Roman Rite , with limited application to the Eastern Churches . After the Second Vatican Council . , 1990 , the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches which became the 1st code of Eastern Catholic Canon Law .",
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              "question": "When was the first code of the Eastern Church made?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1990",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
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          "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags , and remained there for a peaceful protest , never approaching the torch relay itself . , who spoke to the media about the `` lack of freedom of speech '' in China . Also present was Thupten Gyatso , President of the French Tibetan community , who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to `` remain calm , non-violent , peaceful '' .",
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              "question": "Who is the chairman of the Franco Tibetan community calling on the demonstrators to maintain peace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thupten Gyatso",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
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              "original_question": "Who is the President of the French Tibetan community that urged protesters to remain peaceful?"
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          "context": "Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums , as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature . It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature -LRB- taswir -RRB- , calligraphy -LRB- hat -RRB- , Islamic calligraphy , bookbinding -LRB- cilt -RRB- and paper marbling -LRB- ebru -RRB- . , illuminated and illustrated manuscripts were commissioned by the Sultan or the administrators of the court . In Topkapi Palace , the atelier of the miniature and illumination artists . Both religious and non-religious books could be illuminated . Also sheets for albums levha consisted of illuminated calligraphy -LRB- hat -RRB- of tughra , religious texts , verses from poems or proverbs , and purely decorative drawings .",
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              "question": "Where is the creation place of the illustration manuscript?",
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              "original_question": "What palace was the place of creation for illustrated manuscripts?"
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          "context": "Traditionally , Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military , political . Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states . Switzerland is not a member of the European Union . However , Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area .",
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              "question": "When was Switzerland's neutral policy internationally recognized?",
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                  "text": "Congress of Vienna in 1815",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized?"
            }
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          "context": "Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople , an Arian bishop , George of Cappadocia , was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria . , after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city , finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt , where he remained for a period of six years , living the life of the monks , devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings ; `` Apology to Constantius '' , the `` Apology for his Flight '' , the `` Letter to the Monks '' , and the `` History of the Arians '' .",
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              "question": "Who was appointed to rule Lake Alexandria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George of Cappadocia",
                  "answer_start": 84
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              "original_question": "Who was appointed to rule the see of Alexandria?"
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          "context": "The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council . Thereafter , the Royal Canadian Navy was formed , and , with the advent of military aviation , the Royal Canadian Air Force . These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence , and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias -- frequently shortened to simply The Militia . , the department was merged into the Department of National Defence , but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde6229a695914005b968a_s",
              "question": "When did the Canadian Armed Forces Association decide to name the Canadian army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 1940",
                  "answer_start": 540
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army?"
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          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16645_s",
          "context": "; none face term limits . The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward 's seat on the November ballot . In other words . Council elections are severed : Wards 1 , 2 , while Wards 3 , 5 .",
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              "id": "57343e54d058e614000b6b74_s",
              "question": "When will the Tucson Council be elected?",
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                  "text": "November",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
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              "original_question": "When is Tucson's city council general election?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": ". The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the `` Son of Heaven '' on October 30 . The Manchus , who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng , completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor . , pretenders and rebels . The last Ming pretender , Prince Gui , sought refuge with the King of Burma , but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui .",
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              "question": "When did emperor Shunzhi become emperor?",
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                  "text": "October 30",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the Shunzhi emperor become the Son of Heaven?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6303_s",
          "context": ", who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt . Interestingly , the patients were unable to interpret their physiological arousal as an experienced emotion . He suggested that physiological reactions contributed to emotional experience by facilitating a focused cognitive appraisal of a given physiologically arousing event and that this appraisal was what defined the subjective emotional experience . Emotions were thus a result of two-stage process : general physiological arousal , and experience of emotion . For example , the physiological arousal , heart pounding , in a response to an evoking stimulus , the sight of a bear in the kitchen . The brain then quickly scans the area , to explain the pounding , and notices the bear . Consequently , the brain interprets the pounding heart as being the result of fearing the bear . With his student , Jerome Singer . Subjects were observed to express either anger or amusement depending on whether another person in the situation -LRB- a confederate -RRB- displayed that emotion . Hence , the combination of the appraisal of the situation -LRB- cognitive -RRB- and the participants ' reception of adrenaline or a placebo together determined the response .",
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              "question": "Who is Stanley Schacht's famous student?",
              "answers": [
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                  "answer_start": 891
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was a notable student of  Stanley Schachter?"
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    {
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          "context": "The Kushan Empire expanded out of what is now Afghanistan into the northwest of the subcontinent under the leadership of their first emperor , Kujula Kadphises , about the middle of the 1st century CE . They came of an Indo-European language speaking Central Asian tribe called the Yuezhi , a branch of which was known as the Kushans . By the time of his grandson , Kanishka , they had conquered most of northern India , in the middle Ganges Valley , and probably as far as the Bay of Bengal .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57286a254b864d19001649b9_s",
              "question": "Who was the first ruler of the kusana Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kujula Kadphises",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first ruler of the Kushan empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6289_s",
          "context": "Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention , motivate our behavior , and determine the significance of what is going on around us . Pioneering work by Broca -LRB- 1878 -RRB- , which includes the hypothalamus , cingulate cortex , hippocampi , and other structures . More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1937",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a64106d058f1900182dfc_s",
              "question": "When did Broca publish his pioneering work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1878",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Broca publish his pioneering work?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5281_s",
          "context": "Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church . The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX -LRB- pope 1049 . -- 85 -RRB- and Emperor Henry IV , who initially clashed over episcopal appointments , a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture , clerical marriage , and simony . The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands , but the papacy insisted on the Church 's independence from secular lords . The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities . It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fb85aab28b3419009f1df9_s",
              "question": "When did the reign of Theo IX begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1049",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4144_s",
          "context": "Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards . While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works , the saxophone is included in other works . The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th-century works , usually playing parts marked `` tenor tuba '' , including Gustav Holst 's The Planets .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "ein heldenleben",
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            "richard strauss"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7241a3d8e2e1400e37394_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about the planet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gustav Holst",
                  "answer_start": 311
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote The Planets?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-347_s",
          "context": ". , that Tibetan areas were ruled by the Ming since Tibetan leaders were granted positions as Ming officials , that horses were collected from Tibet as a mandatory `` corvée '' tax , and therefore Tibetans were `` undertaking domestic affairs , not foreign diplomacy '' . He also argues that the embassies of Tibetan lamas visiting the Ming court were for the most part efforts to promote commercial transactions between the lamas ' large , wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants and officials . , the Tibetans sought to maintain a tributary relationship with the Ming because imperial patronage provided them with wealth and power . , utensils for Buddhist temples and religious ceremonies , and gowns and robes for monks . , horses , camels , sheep , fur products , medical herbs , Tibetan incenses , thangkas -LRB- painted scrolls -RRB- , and handicrafts ; while the Ming awarded Tibetan tribute-bearers an equal value of gold , silver , satin and brocade , bolts of cloth , grains , and tea leaves . Silk workshops during the Ming also catered specifically to the Tibetan market with silk clothes and furnishings featuring Tibetan Buddhist iconography .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "van praag",
            "tsai"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd8d2762d2951400fa66e1_s",
              "question": "Who is the territory that rules Tibet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Ming",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "who were the Tibetan areas were ruled by?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7872_s",
          "context": "The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents . The Emperor Constantius , who had been the cause of so much trouble , died 4 November , 361 and was succeeded by Julian . , was flung into prison and murdered . , when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope . An edict had been put forth by Julian permitting the exiled bishops of the `` Galileans '' to return to their `` towns and provinces '' . , and he accordingly re-entered his episcopal capitol on 22 February , 362 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57195d1c010c361400c56d97_s",
              "question": "Who followed emperor Constantius?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Julian",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded Emperor Constantius?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3448_s",
          "context": "With the Treaty of the Pyrenees -LRB- 1659 -RRB- , Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France , and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1659",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e13ab5e3433e1400422cdc_s",
              "question": "When was the Pyrenees contract signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1659",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12348_s",
          "context": "In 1988 , with that preliminary phase of the project completed , Professor Skousen took over as editor and head of the FARMS Critical Text of the Book of Mormon Project and proceeded to gather still scattered fragments of the Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon and to have advanced photographic techniques applied to obtain fine readings from otherwise unreadable pages and fragments . He also closely examined the Printer 's Manuscript -LRB- owned by the Community of Christ -- RLDS Church in Independence , Missouri -RRB- for differences in types of ink or pencil , in order to determine when and by whom they were made .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a65f4b864d190016396a_s",
              "question": "When was the first phase completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was phase one completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11404_s",
          "context": "NigeriaSat-2 , Nigeria 's second satellite , was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited . It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic -LRB- very high resolution -RRB- , 5-metre multispectral -LRB- high resolution , NIR red , green and red bands -RRB- , and 32-metre multispectral -LRB- medium resolution , NIR red , green and red bands -RRB- antennas , with a ground receiving station in Abuja . The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £ 35 million .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united kingdom-based",
            "china",
            "abuja"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e93cdd62a815002e94c9_s",
              "question": "Where is Nigeria's second satellite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abuja",
                  "answer_start": 424
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Nigeria's second satellite's ground receiving station?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1359_s",
          "context": "Some of the later writers about the show were more positive , again of Entertainment Weekly , thought that `` for all its bloated , synthetic , product-shilling , money-making trappings , Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today 's music business . '' , who was later to act as a mentor on the show , however took the view that the show `` undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism '' . Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has `` reshaped the American songbook '' , `` led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture '' , and connects `` the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future . '' Others focused on the personalities in the show . '' , suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "john mayer",
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            "simon cowell",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db6246e7c41114004b5044_s",
              "question": "Who says American Idol redesigned American songs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ann Powers",
                  "answer_start": 465
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that American Idol has reshaped the American songbook?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1659_s",
          "context": "Other trees of note include the royal palm , sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island , aloe or aloe vera -LRB- brought from the Mediterranean -RRB- , mamillaria nivosa , yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773 , Mexican cactus , stapelia gigantea , golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America , bougainvillea and others .",
          "c_entity": [
            "night",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573376314776f41900660b32_s",
              "question": "When did the British attack the island?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1773",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the british army invade the island?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8413_s",
          "context": "Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size . Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme . The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity . New siege engines were developed during this period . An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult -LRB- ca. 360 -RRB- and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista , the Polybolos . Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg -LRB- or over 170 lbs -RRB- . , filled with artillery .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "dionysios",
            "demetrius poliorcetes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261cc4271a42140099d48e_s",
              "question": "Who invented polyvinyl alcohol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dionysios of Alexandria",
                  "answer_start": 456
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the Polybolos?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2695_s",
          "context": "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. -LRB- sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials , SME -RRB- is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America -LRB- SCA -RRB- , a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation . , the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation -LRB- ARC -RRB- and , in 1938 , was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation , following ARC 's acquisition by CBS . , the company was reorganized to become CBS Records . , Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company , renamed it SME . It is the world 's second largest recorded music company , after Universal Music Group .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1929",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df11de3277331400b4d934_s",
              "question": "When did it change its name to Columbia Records?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 348
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was it renamed Columbia Recording Corporation?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11566_s",
          "context": "Last but not least the electric double-layer capacitor (now Supercapacitors) were invented. In 1957 H. Becker developed a \"Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes\". He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors. Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent: \"It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity.\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e7cc5951b619008f81ff_s",
              "question": "Who invented the porous carbon electrode electrolyte capacitor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "H. Becker",
                  "answer_start": 100
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented low voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4622_s",
          "context": "The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the mid-1850s",
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            "1819",
            "1865",
            "1788"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88e93a6d7ea1400e17757_s",
              "question": "When was the first time you boarded Mont Blanc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1788",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18531_s",
          "context": "Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower 's combat command skills , Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates . He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall . He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns . In February 1943 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "bernard montgomery",
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            "lloyd fredendall"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324af4b9d445190005e9c8_s",
              "question": "Who gave the order. Army, before Eisenhower was taken?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lloyd Fredendall",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18527_s",
          "context": "After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany . He was appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division -LRB- WPD -RRB- , General Leonard T. Gerow , and then succeeded Gerow as Chief of the War Plans Division . Next , who spotted talent and promoted accordingly .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324911b9d445190005e9ac_s",
              "question": "Who leads the world democratic party in front of Eisenhower?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leonard T. Gerow",
                  "answer_start": 283
                }
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              "original_question": "Who headed the WPD before Eisenhower?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3127_s",
          "context": "In 1821 , Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon -- presumably London partners . The coin remains readily available to collectors .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e078cb7aa994140058e532_s",
              "question": "Who exhibited the bronze in 1821?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saul Solomon",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11620_s",
          "context": "With the division of the Roman Empire . In the Middle East , Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire . With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries , a period of Muslim scholarship , known as the Islamic Golden Age . This scholarship was aided by several factors . The use of a single language , Arabic , allowed communication without need of a translator . Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire , along with Indian sources of learning , provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e7cdff5b5019007d9806_s",
              "question": "When did Islam spread?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 7th and 8th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 174
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16583_s",
          "context": "Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.",
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              "id": "572f7193947a6a140053c974_s",
              "question": "Who uses tuple math to show the function of a database?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Codd",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who used tuple calculus to show the functionality of databases?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14287_s",
          "context": "After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. He then nailed Marsyas' shaggy skin to a nearby pine-tree. Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marsyas"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728df9aff5b5019007da89e_s",
              "question": "Who can't sing while playing the flute?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marsyas",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who could not sing at the same time he played the flute?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-379_s",
          "context": "In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2 . Like its predecessor , this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back , but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal -LRB- not silver but black -RRB- . This iPod was only available with 30 GB of storage capacity . , downloadable from the iTunes Store .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc60a36d243a140015ef64_s",
              "question": "When was the special edition of the iPod made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7354_s",
          "context": "On 18 August . , General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division . Finally aware of the Prussian advance , the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans . The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle . However , the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun . , General Steinmetz , the commander of the First Army , unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions . , the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack . , with the attack in danger of stalling , Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward , followed by the 1st Cavalry Division .",
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              "id": "570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5d_s",
              "question": "When did the battle begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "18 August",
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                }
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              "original_question": "On what date did the battle begin?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12204_s",
          "context": "On January 21 , 1990 , Rukh organized a 300-mile -LRB- 480 km -RRB- human chain between Kiev , Lviv , and Ivano-Frankivsk . Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later -LRB- 1919 Unification Act -RRB- . On January 23 , 1990 . On February 9 , 1990 . However , the registration came too late for Rukh to stand its own candidates for the parliamentary and local elections on March 4 . A majority of the seats had to hold run-off elections . On March 18 , Democratic candidates scored further victories in the run-offs . The Democratic Bloc gained about 90 out of 450 seats in the new parliament .",
          "c_entity": [
            "greek-catholic church",
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            "verkhovna rada"
          ],
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            {
              "id": "57282ec23acd2414000df67c_s",
              "question": "Who organized it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rukh",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who organized this chain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10033_s",
          "context": "During her childhood , Madonna was inspired by actors , later saying . They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness , my knowingness and my innocence . '' , from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes -LRB- 1953 -RRB- . She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s , particularly those of Lombard , in preparation for the film Who 's That Girl . The video for `` Vogue '' recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs , while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her , described by Madonna as an idol . However , Madonna 's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community . Stephanie Zacharek , stated that , '' -LSB- Madonna -RSB- seems wooden and unnatural as an actress , and it 's tough to watch , because she 's clearly trying her damnedest . '' , `` Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism , but privately she is deeply hurt . '' After the box office bomb Swept Away -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film , hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "bette davis",
            "judy holliday",
            "carole lombard",
            "marlene dietrich",
            "stephanie zacharek"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f906f1498d1400e8f177_s",
              "question": "Who says Madonna is a bad actor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stephanie Zacharek",
                  "answer_start": 664
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that Madonna was a bad actress to watch?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5772_s",
          "context": ". It was initially popularized in Chicago , circa 1984 . House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit , New York City , and Newark -- all of which developed their own regional scenes . , house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America , and Australia . Since the early to mid-1990s , house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "the early 1980s",
            "1987",
            "1984"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706924752bb891400689a78_s",
              "question": "When was house first popular?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1984",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was House music first popularized?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5004_s",
          "context": "Winston Churchill , on forming his government in 1940 . The three existing service Ministers -- the Secretary of State for War , the First Lord of the Admiralty , and the Secretary of State for Air -- remained in direct operational control of their respective services .",
          "c_entity": [
            "winston churchill",
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            "clement attlee",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f95b969b226e1400dd1398_s",
              "question": "Who created the Department of defense?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winston Churchill",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the office of Minister of Defence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10894_s",
          "context": "Perhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s . The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field , Ampère 's force law . A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury , on which a permanent magnet -LRB- PM -RRB- was placed . When a current was passed through the wire , the wire rotated around the magnet , showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire . This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments , brine substituting for toxic mercury . , these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael faraday",
            "barlow",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a114708984140094cc49_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first electrostatic device?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andrew Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the first electrostatic device?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4133_s",
          "context": "During the earlier medieval period , the vocal music from the liturgical genre , predominantly Gregorian chant , was monophonic , using a single , unaccompanied vocal melody line . Polyphonic vocal genres , which used multiple independent vocal melodies , began to develop during the high medieval era .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f6f7043d8e2e1400e372f4_s",
              "question": "When did polyphonic vowels develop?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "during the high medieval era",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1492_s",
          "context": "Australia : The event was held in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory on April 24 , and covered around 16 km of Canberra 's central areas , from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park . Upon its arrival in Canberra , the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea , of the Ngunnawal people . She , in turn , offered them a message stick , as a gift of peace and welcome . Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended . Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants , with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96d01dc89441400fdb44c_s",
              "question": "Who got the fire from Chinese officials in Canberra?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Agnes Shea",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12543_s",
          "context": "Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith , and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille . This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns , thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars . Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs . The monastery was at Prouille would later become Dominic 's headquarters for his missionary effort there . , Prior Diego died while traveling back to Spain . When his preaching companions heard of his death , all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "two years",
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            {
              "id": "5727b40a3acd2414000dea29_s",
              "question": "When did Dominica begin to build a monastery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1206",
                  "answer_start": 105
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Dominic establish a convent?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6868_s",
          "context": "Integral to the story of the origin of the name \"Antarctica\" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction:",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c2595ec8fbc190045bc9e_s",
              "question": "When did Matthew Flinders write his book voyage to Australia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1814",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Matthew Flinders write his book A Voyage to Terra Australis?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18450_s",
          "context": "Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches , having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon . , which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion , not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion . During its later political eclipses , Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity . The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin . However , the continuous upheavals , which characterized the political scenes of Armenia , made the political power move to safer places . The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority . Therefore , it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573234a9e17f3d1400422721_s",
              "question": "When did the Armenian church become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "451 AD",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia's church become independent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18726_s",
          "context": "In Canada , making it the first police force in present-day Canada . A national force , the Dominion Police . Initially the Dominion Police provided security for parliament , but its responsibilities quickly grew . The famous Royal Northwest Mounted Police was founded in 1873 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a64_s",
              "question": "When was the first cavalry founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1873",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the first Mounties created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8155_s",
          "context": "Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold , whom Victoria considered her `` best and kindest adviser '' , to thank him `` for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me , in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy . He is so sensible , so kind , and so good , and so amiable too . He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see . '' However at 17 , Victoria , though interested in Albert , was not yet ready to marry . The parties did not undertake a formal engagement , but assumed that the match would take place in due time .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57258350cc50291900b28549_s",
              "question": "Who appreciates Victoria's relationship with Albert?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "her uncle Leopold",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Victoria credit for her relationship to Albert?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14170_s",
          "context": ", the population of Paris began to increase slowly again , as more young people moved into the city . , Bertrand Delanoë became the first socialist mayor of Paris . , in an effort to reduce car traffic in the city , he introduced the Vélib ' , a system which rents bicycles for the use of local residents and visitors . Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the left bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park , the Promenade des Berges de la Seine , which he inaugurated in June 2013 .",
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            "march 2001"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c63d2ca10214002da795_s",
              "question": "When will the gallery of Mount Seine be completed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2013",
                  "answer_start": 510
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine inaugurated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8063_s",
          "context": "In 1971 , Akira Endo , identified mevastatin -LRB- ML-236B -RRB- , a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum , as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase , a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol . Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials , however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use . Mevastatin was never marketed , because of its adverse effects of tumors , muscle deterioration , and sometimes death in laboratory dogs .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571d1e58dd7acb1400e4c225_s",
              "question": "Who found Mevastatin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akira Endo",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered mevastatin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8931_s",
          "context": "In 1975 , a group of Chicago Cubs fans based in Washington , D.C. formed the Emil Verban Society . The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans . Verban was picked as the epitome of a Cub player , explains columnist George Will , because `` He exemplified mediocrity under pressure , he was competent but obscure and typifying of the work ethics . '' Verban initially believed he was being ridiculed , also a society member , at the White House . Hillary Clinton , Jim Belushi , Joe Mantegna , Rahm Emanuel , Dick Cheney and many others have been included among its membership .",
          "c_entity": [
            "several years later",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726940af1498d1400e8e460_s",
              "question": "When did a group of fans of the Chicago Cubs start the Emir weban association?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did a group of Chicago Cubs fans form the Emil Verban Society?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12604_s",
          "context": "The current `` Precentor '' -LRB- Head of Music -RRB- is Tim Johnson , the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music , the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall -RRB- . Many instruments are taught , including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo . The School participates in many national competitions , and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians . A former Precentor of the college , which run at the School every summer .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d32a3acd2414000ded63_s",
              "question": "Who is the speaker now?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tim Johnson",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current Precentor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9444_s",
          "context": "During Andrés López Obrador 's administration a political slogan was introduced : la Ciudad de la Esperanza -LRB- `` The City of Hope '' -RRB- . This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname , though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media . Since 2013 , to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marcelo ebrard",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727435f5951b619008f878d_s",
              "question": "Who calls this slogan \"the city of Esperanto\"",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andrés López Obrador",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who termed the slogan \"la Ciudad de la Esperanza?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16496_s",
          "context": ", Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution . In 1957 , planning began for the construction of the `` South 40 , '' a complex of modern residential halls . With the additional on-campus housing , Washington University , which had been predominantly a `` streetcar college '' of commuter students , began to attract a more national pool of applicants . , over two-thirds of incoming students came from outside the St. Louis area .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f9e64947a6a140053cad4_s",
              "question": "When did the University of Washington begin to build residential areas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Washington University begin construction of a complex of residential halls?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2659_s",
          "context": ", to which it gives its name . It became famous -LRB- or according to others , infamous -RRB- during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London 's artists , intellectuals and bohemians such as Dylan Thomas , Augustus John , and George Orwell . Several establishments in Soho , London , have associations with well-known , post-war literary and artistic figures , The Colony Room and the Coach and Horses . The Canonbury Tavern , Canonbury , was the prototype for Orwell 's ideal English pub , The Moon Under Water .",
          "c_entity": [
            "street",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dff1be231d4119001abee5_s",
              "question": "Where is the pillar of Heracles in London?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Soho",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18618_s",
          "context": "Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern boundary. The South Bronx has many high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Courthouse, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732584f0fdd8d15006c69fe_s",
              "question": "When was Fordham road used as the boundary of the South Bronx?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by the 2000s",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Fordham Road being used as the limit of the South Bronx area?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2929_s",
          "context": "The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA , Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger . The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures . As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business , virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract . In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios , Inc. . And so , with MCA in charge , Universal became a full-blown , A-film movie studio , with leading actors and directors under contract ; offering slick , commercial films ; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964 . Television production made up much of the studio 's output , with Universal heavily committed , in particular , to deals with NBC -LRB- which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal ; see below -RRB- providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons . An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1966",
            "1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1664de3433e1400422e96_s",
              "question": "When did universal inaugurate his studio tour daughter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 308
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12659_s",
          "context": "In Brazil , the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system , headed by Deodoro da Fonseca . Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa , Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree , although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles . , for example , granted the federal government the authority to appoint State Governors -LRB- called interventors -RRB- at will , thus centralizing power in the hands of President Getúlio Vargas . Brazil also uses the Fonseca system to regulate interstate trade . Brazil is one of the biggest federal governments .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282bf93acd2414000df629_s",
              "question": "When did the Brazilian monarchy fall?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Brazil's fall of the monarchy?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10714_s",
          "context": "Many ancient civilizations alloyed metals for purely aesthetic purposes. In ancient Egypt and Mycenae, gold was often alloyed with copper to produce red-gold, or iron to produce a bright burgundy-gold. Gold was often found alloyed with silver or other metals to produce various types of colored gold. These metals were also used to strengthen each other, for more practical purposes. Copper was often added to silver to make sterling silver, increasing its strength for use in dishes, silverware, and other practical items. Quite often, precious metals were alloyed with less valuable substances as a means to deceive buyers. Around 250 BC, Archimedes was commissioned by the king to find a way to check the purity of the gold in a crown, leading to the famous bath-house shouting of \"Eureka!\" upon the discovery of Archimedes' principle.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b83af1498d1400e8e8c6_s",
              "question": "When was Archimedes principle discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "250 BC",
                  "answer_start": 633
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": " Around what time was the Archimedes' principle discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1676_s",
          "context": "The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler , Germany . However , see omics for a more thorough discussion . A few related - ome words already existed -- such as biome , rhizome , forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically .",
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            {
              "id": "56dc54a514d3a41400c267c5_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word genome?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hans Winkler",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the word genome?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7496_s",
          "context": "The first significant work that expressed scientific theory and knowledge expressly for the laity , in the vernacular , and with the entertainment of readers in mind , was Bernard de Fontenelle 's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds -LRB- 1686 -RRB- . The book was produced specifically for women with an interest in scientific writing and inspired a variety of similar works . These popular works were written in a discursive style , which was laid out much more clearly for the reader than the complicated articles , treatises , and books published by the academies and scientists . '' The first French introduction to Newtonianism and the Principia was Eléments de la philosophie de Newton . , published after her death in 1756 . , writing for a growing female audience , published Il Newtonianism per le dame . Extant records of subscribers show that women from a wide range of social standings purchased the book , indicating the growing number of scientifically inclined female readers among the middling class . During the Enlightenment , women also began producing popular scientific works themselves . , which was published for many years after in eleven editions .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is the author of the dialogue of multiple worlds (1686)?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bernard de Fontenelle",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686)?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7483_s",
          "context": "The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment . Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery , while other poems were written directly about scientific topics . Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation , a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books -LRB- 1712 -RRB- . After Newton 's death in 1727 , poems were composed in his honour for decades . -- 1748 -RRB- penned his `` Poem to the Memory of Newton , '' which mourned the loss of Newton , but also praised his science and legacy .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571040eca58dae1900cd6987_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a philosophy poem in seven books?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Richard Blackmore",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9871_s",
          "context": ", the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland . Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada , and afflicted by malaria . The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland -- and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire . The episode also had major political consequences , persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries , rather than just crowns . This occurred in 1707 with the Treaty of Union , establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the joint treaty signed?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1707",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Union?"
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          "context": "In 1974 , L. Ottens , director of the audio division of Philips , started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record . However , due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format , two Philips research engineers recommended a digital format in March 1974 . In 1977 , Philips then established a laboratory with the mission of creating a digital audio disc . The diameter of Philips 's prototype compact disc was set at 11.5 cm , the diagonal of an audio cassette .",
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              "question": "Who was the head of Philips sound in 1974?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "L. Ottens",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?"
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          "context": "A similar story is mentioned by Plutarch . He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae , and that the seer 's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state . , and proves , together with the Homeric hymn , that Crete had a resisting religion up to historical times . It seems that these rituals were dormant in Greece .",
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              "question": "Who told the story of Crete?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Plutarch",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who told the story of the Cretan seer Epimenides?"
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        {
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          "context": "Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel , Guaraní and Washington , with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo , 172 . The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel . The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon . , 1859 -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "5725eaa6ec44d21400f3d74e_s",
              "question": "Who donated the country to Macy's hospital?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Francisco Antonio Maciel",
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              "original_question": "Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8150_s",
          "context": ", Victoria gave birth to her eighth child , Leopold , with the aid of the new anaesthetic , chloroform . Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child , Beatrice , despite opposition from members of the clergy , who considered it against biblical teaching , and members of the medical profession , who thought it dangerous . Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies . Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control . For example .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724d4c80ba9f01400d97b89_s",
              "question": "When was Victoria's last child Beatrice born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1857",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born? "
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2569_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , the USSR continued briefly trying to perfect their N1 rocket , finally canceling it in 1976 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e10a3be3433e1400422b22_s",
              "question": "When did the Soviet Union cancel its N1 missile program after two failed launches?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch?"
            }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-78_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade , Serbia . It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time . , Beyoncé 's cover of Amy Winehouse 's `` Back to Black '' with André 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack was released . Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film , Epic , and recorded an original song for the film , `` Rise Up '' , co-written with Sia .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When did the trip start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "April 15",
                  "answer_start": 55
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the tour begin?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17182_s",
          "context": "Iran received access to the Internet in 1993 . , around 40 % of the population of Iran are Internet users . Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users . According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa , Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search engines in Iran . Over 80 % of the users of Telegram , a cloud-based instant messaging service , are from Iran . Instagram is the most popular online social networking service in Iran . , due to organization of the opposition movements on the website ; but however , Facebook has around 12 to 17 million users in Iran who are using virtual private networks and proxy servers to access the website . Around 90 % of Iran 's e-commerce takes place on the Iranian online store of Digikala . Digikala is the most visited online store in the Middle East , and ranks 4th among the most visited websites in Iran .",
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              "question": "When did the Internet arrive in Iran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Internet arrive in Iran?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": "During the early High Middle Ages , Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty , which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period . , they were replaced by the Salian dynasty , who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV -LRB- r. 1084 . His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility . -- 25 -RRB- , who died without heirs -- 90 -RRB- took the imperial throne . Although he ruled effectively , the basic problems remained . , who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother , clashed repeatedly with the papacy . His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy . He and his successors faced many difficulties .",
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              "question": "When did Henry IV start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1084",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Henry IV's reign begin?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8363_s",
          "context": ". , and maintained the independence of Bithynia . His son , and assumed the title of king -LRB- basileus -RRB- in 297 BCE . His son and successor , Nicomedes I , which soon rose to great prosperity , and during his long reign -LRB- c. 278 -- c. 255 BCE -RRB- , as well as those of his successors . , who defeated them in battle . Their last king , Nicomedes IV , and , he bequeathed his kingdom by will to the Roman republic -LRB- 74 BCE -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who founded nikomedia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nicomedes I",
                  "answer_start": 148
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              "original_question": "Who founded Nicomedia?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8049_s",
          "context": "Patents have been criticized in the developing world , as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines . Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination . Moreover , under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization , countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented . In 2001 , which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind , and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies : via compulsory licensing or parallel imports , even before patent expiration .",
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              "question": "Who adopted the Doha Declaration?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "World Trade Organization",
                  "answer_start": 287
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who adopted the Doha Declaration?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17002_s",
          "context": "Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse , with iron front buildings and massive brick factories . Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads , allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads , eventually including the site of the world 's first triple railroad crossing . Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role , boosted by the world 's first cigarette-rolling machine , invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81 . Contributing to Richmond 's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States . , the trolley system opened its first line in 1888 , and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country . , with electric motors on the car 's trucks . In Richmond , the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25 , 1949 .",
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              "question": "Who invented the cigarette machine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Albert Bonsack",
                  "answer_start": 516
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the inventor of the cigarette-rolling machine?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6408_s",
          "context": ", an epic poem ; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , a record of early English history ; the Franks Casket , an inscribed early whalebone artefact ; and Cædmon 's Hymn , a Christian religious poem . There are also a number of extant prose works , such as sermons and saints ' lives , biblical translations , legal documents , such as laws and wills , and practical works on grammar , medicine , and geography . Still , poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature . Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous , with a few exceptions . Cædmon , the earliest English poet we know by name , served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby .",
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              "id": "570a8ed26d058f1900182fa9_s",
              "question": "Who is the first English poet under this name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cædmon",
                  "answer_start": 145
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the earliest English poet known by name?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9786_s",
          "context": "In 1930 Thuringia was one of the free states where the Nazis gained real political power. Wilhelm Frick was appointed Minister of the Interior for the state of Thuringia after the Nazi Party won six delegates to the Thuringia Diet. In this position he removed from the Thuringia police force anyone he suspected of being a republican and replaced them with men who were favourable towards the Nazi Party. He also ensured that whenever an important position came up within Thuringia, he used his power to ensure that a Nazi was given that post.",
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              "question": "When did the Nazis take power in Thuringia?",
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                  "text": "1930",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              "original_question": "When did nazis gain power in Thuringia?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14644_s",
          "context": ". '' . With their followers of both German , English and Scots-Irish origin , they worked their way southward and soon occupied all of the Shenandoah Valley , ceded by the Iroquois , ceded by the Cherokee .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729a2163f37b31900478527_s",
              "question": "Where did the Germans end up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "all of the Shenandoah Valley",
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              "original_question": "Where did these Germans eventually occupy?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18569_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel . , he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes . Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet -- allied participation and congressional approval . When the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954 , Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urgings from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs , the Vice President and the head of NCS .",
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            {
              "id": "57327363b9d445190005eb37_s",
              "question": "When will Dien Bian Fu be handed over to the Communist Party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1954",
                  "answer_start": 393
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3680_s",
          "context": "In the 1980s , New Edition and Keith Sweat -RRB- were equally successful within the mainstream . In the 1990s and early 2000s -LRB- decade -RRB- , provided the audience for the material was mature . By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends , no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface , whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele -LRB- Two Occasions -RRB- , a solo artist -LRB- Whip Appeal , When Can I See You -RRB- .",
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              "id": "56e6f651de9d3714000680fa_s",
              "question": "Who wrote \"I want to have sex with you\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Babyface",
                  "answer_start": 299
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1254_s",
          "context": "In 2001 , but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks . However , Rupert Murdoch , was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth , who was a fan of the British show . The show was renamed American Idol : The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002 . , it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year . The show , with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting , grew into a phenomenon . By 2004 , it had become the most-watched show in the U.S. , a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons .",
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              "id": "56d3686b59d6e41400146308_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded Rupert Murdoch to buy American Idol for fox?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "his daughter Elisabeth",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who talked Rupert Murdoch into buying American Idol for FOX?"
            }
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          "context": "The Eastern Han , also known as the Later Han , formally began on 5 August 25 . , the state of Goguryeo was free to raid Han 's Korean commanderies ; Han did not reaffirm its control over the region until AD 30 . The Trưng Sisters of Vietnam rebelled against Han in AD 40 . -- 43 . , who were estranged from Han until their leader Bi -LRB- 比 -RRB- , submitted to Han as a tributary vassal in AD 50 . This created two rival Xiongnu states : the Southern Xiongnu led by Bi , an ally of Han , an enemy of Han .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ed16f03f9891900756a4d_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the Huns?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bi",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Xiongnu?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16701_s",
          "context": "Instruments like the duduk , the dhol , the zurna , and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music . One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia . Many of these chants are ancient in origin , extending to pre-Christian times , while others are relatively modern , the inventor of the Armenian alphabet . Whilst under Soviet rule , Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music , for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane .",
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              "question": "Who composed the sword dance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aram Khatchaturian",
                  "answer_start": 454
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who composed the Sabre Dance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18509_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower 's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits . , he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War ; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces . He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala . Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam . He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam . Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution , which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People 's Republic of China .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the first year",
            "1955"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324172b9d445190005e92b_s",
              "question": "When was the Formosa resolution adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1955",
                  "answer_start": 542
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17986_s",
          "context": "In 1970 , President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat . Sadat switched Egypt 's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States , expelling Soviet advisors in 1972 . He launched the Infitah economic reform policy , while clamping down on religious and secular opposition . In 1973 , Egypt , along with Syria , launched the October War , a surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier . it presented Sadat with a victory that allowed him to regain the Sinai later in return for peace with Israel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anwar sadat",
            "nasser"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315e23e6313a140071ce9f_s",
              "question": "Who follows Nasser?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anwar Sadat",
                  "answer_start": 53
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded Nasser?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8395_s",
          "context": "It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization , such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies . , `` to civilise the natives '' -RRB- , it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures designed to aid in the rule of his enormous empire . Cities and colonies were centers of administrative control and Macedonian power in a newly conquered region . Alexander also seems to have attempted to create a mixed Greco-Persian elite class as shown by the Susa weddings and his adoption of some forms of Persian dress and court culture . He also brought in Persian and other non-Greek peoples into his military and even the elite cavalry units of the companion cavalry . Again , it is probably better to see these policies as a pragmatic response to the demands of ruling a large empire than to any idealized attempt to bringing Greek culture to the ` barbarians ' . This approach was bitterly resented by the Macedonians and discarded by most of the Diadochi after Alexander 's death . These policies can also be interpreted as the result of Alexander 's possible megalomania during his later years .",
          "c_entity": [
            "arrian",
            "alexander"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726050338643c19005acf59_s",
              "question": "Who led the Hellenization practice by establishing new Greek cities and colonies?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led Hellenization practices by founding new Greek cities and colonies?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11941_s",
          "context": "Baptists have faced many controversies in their 400-year history, controversies of the level of crises. Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word \"crisis\" comes from the Greek word meaning \"to decide.\" Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis level may actually be \"positive and highly productive.\" He claims that even schism, though never ideal, has often produced positive results. In his opinion crises among Baptists each have become decision-moments that shaped their future. Some controversies that have shaped Baptists include the \"missions crisis\", the \"slavery crisis\", the \"landmark crisis\", and the \"modernist crisis\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "walter shurden"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e0d93acd2414000deec0_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that some of the controversy at the crisis level could actually be \"positive and efficient\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Walter Shurden",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be \"positive and highly productive?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-241_s",
          "context": "The two became friends , and for many years lived in close proximity in Paris , Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin , a few blocks away . They performed together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841 . The first , on 2 April 1833 , was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson , during which they played George Onslow 's Sonata in F minor for piano duet . Later joint appearances included a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris .",
          "c_entity": [
            "conservatory",
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            "salle pleyel",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbff116d243a140015ee46_s",
              "question": "Where did Rick live during his stay in Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What address did Frédéric live at during his stay in Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4237_s",
          "context": ", apparently as Danish allies . Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland . Saqaliba served as caliph 's guards . In the 12th century . The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147 , as a part of the Northern Crusades . Niklot , pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrites , began his open resistance when Lothar III , Holy Roman Emperor , invaded Slavic lands . In Hanoverian Wendland . Early forms of germanization were described by German monks . , around 20 % of Germans have Slavic paternal ancestry . Similarly , around 20 % of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eastern",
            "england",
            "mecklenburg-vorpommern",
            "baltics",
            "ostsiedlung",
            "north africa",
            "iceland",
            "gesta hammaburgensis",
            "germany",
            "elbe-oder",
            "sicily",
            "lusatia",
            "bremen",
            "lower saxony"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f761b0a6d7ea1400e17234_s",
              "question": "Where do Polish Pomeranian slaves know to settle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Norse age Iceland",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18556_s",
          "context": "Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term , but as with other decisions , he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again . During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955 ; the group , in addition to his doctor , concluded a second term was well advised , and he announced in February 1956 he would run again . ; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition . , a Democrat , who rejected his offer ; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party . In 1956 , Eisenhower faced Adlai Stevenson again and won by an even larger landslide , with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6 % of the popular vote . The level of campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisenhower",
            "nixon",
            "robert b. anderson",
            "adlai stevenson",
            "gop"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573260fde17f3d1400422919_s",
              "question": "Who did Eisenhower beat in the 1956 presidential election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adlai Stevenson",
                  "answer_start": 602
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Eisenhower defeat in the 1956 presidential election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6335_s",
          "context": "The club 's original crest was a quartered diamond-shaped crest topped by the Crown of Aragon and the bat of King James , and surrounded by two branches , one of a laurel tree and the other a palm . In 1910 the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest . The winner was Carles Comamala . , with some minor variations . The crest consists of the St George Cross in the upper-left corner with the Catalan flag beside it , and the team colours at the bottom .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1910",
            "today",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c3bad6b8089140040fc4a_s",
              "question": "When did a match for the production of team uniforms take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1910",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a competition held to produce a team crest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15543_s",
          "context": "After completing filming on Ready Player One , while it is in its lengthy , effects-heavy post-production , he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer 's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara . The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States , where he was raised and trained as a priest , causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation . , the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance , as Pope Pius IX .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2014",
            "2018",
            "year",
            "1858",
            "early 2017"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c899b9d445190005e548_s",
              "question": "When was Edgar motara kidnapped?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1858",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16703_s",
          "context": "Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional `` kef '' style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of `` kef music '' heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time . Later , performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today 's entertainment industry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sirusho",
            "adiss harmandian",
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            "richard hagopian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd977947a6a140053cd4e_s",
              "question": "Who is the most famous Kiev artist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Hagopian",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the most well know kef artist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18876_s",
          "context": ", near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building . This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa . It is the most important museum in the country , housing an extensive collection of weapons , art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance . The museum was established in 1928 as a collection house of war trophies and weapons , meaning `` the stone house of arms and ammunition '' . Given its focus , the museum contains many weapons , including locally made firearms used in wars , leather cannons from the 18th -- 19th century , and medieval and modern works in wood , bronze , stone and paintings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chhauni silkhana",
            "national museum",
            "bhimsen thapa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735c081e853931400426b41_s",
              "question": "Who built this building with the National Museum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bhimsen Thapa",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the building that contains the National Museum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9172_s",
          "context": ", Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations . , Φτώχεια και Φιλότιμο , Η Θεία από το Σικάγο , Το ξύλο βγήκε από τον Παράδεισο and many more . During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies . His film Eternity and a Day won the Palme d'Or and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zorba",
            "theo angelopoulos",
            "anthony quinn",
            "cacoyannis",
            "finos film",
            "madalena"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267fa95951b619008f74ca_s",
              "question": "Who made the movie forever and a day?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Theo Angelopoulos",
                  "answer_start": 177
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed the film Eternity and a Day?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-750_s",
          "context": "Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel . Despite challenging the town 's systems , Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others , because he believes that following one 's conscience is the highest priority , even when the result is social ostracism . However , scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification , protective , and benevolent . Furthermore , in addressing themes such as alcoholism , incest , rape , and racial violence . She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tom robinson",
            "jem",
            "huckleberry finn",
            "atticus",
            "lee",
            "boo radley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d147d5e7d4791d00902058_s",
              "question": "Who do scouts admire most?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Atticus",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Scout revere above everyone else?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16963_s",
          "context": "The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point . Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes . , with the Japanese planes arriving at their targets in a staggered sequence . Following a directive from Nimitz , the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers , which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats . The result was later dubbed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot . The few attackers to reach the U.S. fleet encountered massive AA fire with proximity fuzes . Only one American warship was slightly damaged .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nimitz",
            "ozawa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57322a65b9d445190005e88d_s",
              "question": "Who ordered all U.S. Navy airlines to have combat information centers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nimitz",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave the directive for all carriers in the US Navy to have combat information centers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6449_s",
          "context": "In 2007 , two FAA whistleblowers , inspectors Charalambe `` Bobby '' Boutris and Douglas E. Peters , alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage , but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline . , ignoring concerns raised by inspectors . Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes , causing thousands of flight cancellations . Jim Oberstar , former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses , allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules . Oberstar said there was a `` culture of coziness '' between senior FAA officials and the airlines and `` a systematic breakdown '' in the FAA 's culture that resulted in `` malfeasance , bordering on corruption . '' , with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
            "2007",
            "2006",
            "april 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa91f4103511400d598ca_s",
              "question": "When did two Whistler Blues claim that Beatrice was trying to take Southwest Airlines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris  attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9383_s",
          "context": "While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor , the municipalities within it were autonomous , and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century . In 1903 , Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District . Eventually , in December 1928 , the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District . In place of the municipalities , the Federal District was divided into one `` Central Department '' and 13 delegaciones -LRB- boroughs -RRB- administered directly by the government of the Federal District . , Tacuba , Tacubaya and Mixcoac .",
          "c_entity": [
            "porfirio díaz",
            "central department"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267a3f708984140094c76e_s",
              "question": "Who first reduced the power of the Mexico City Community?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Porfirio Díaz",
                  "answer_start": 275
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-778_s",
          "context": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel . It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville , a town that labels itself `` The Literary Capital of Alabama '' . The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast . White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury . During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated . : `` It becomes part of the town ritual , like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras . With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse , it 's part of a central , civic education -- what Monroeville aspires to be . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "christopher sergel",
            "albert murray"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5b0eaab44d1400b890f7_s",
              "question": "Who adapted the novel into a play?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christopher Sergel",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who turned the novel into a play?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5611_s",
          "context": ". Many species , such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri , undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere , but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla travel longer distances to the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706068852bb8914006897c0_s",
              "question": "Where did the sandpiper move?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere",
                  "answer_start": 272
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do semiplamated sandpiper C. pusilla migrate to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12101_s",
          "context": ". , but Darwin rejected it . Starting in 1827 . Filled with zeal for science , he studied catastrophist geology with Adam Sedgwick .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cambridge university",
            "john stevens henslow",
            "robert grant",
            "john herschel",
            "alexander von humboldt",
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            "paley",
            "darwin"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572777f5708984140094de75_s",
              "question": "Who did Darwin study disaster geology with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adam Sedgwick",
                  "answer_start": 117
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Darwin study about catastrophic geology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13893_s",
          "context": "On the other hand . When Jagić says `` Croatian '' , he refers to a few cases referring to the Dubrovnik vernacular as ilirski -LRB- Illyrian -RRB- . This was a common name for all Slavic vernaculars in Dalmatian cities among the Roman inhabitants . In the meantime , other written monuments are found that mention srpski , lingua serviana -LRB- = Serbian -RRB- , and some that mention Croatian . By far the most competent Serbian scientist on the Dubrovnik language issue , Milan Rešetar , who was born in Dubrovnik himself , wrote behalf of language characteristics : `` The one who thinks that Croatian and Serbian are two separate languages must confess that Dubrovnik always -LRB- linguistically -RRB- used to be Serbian . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "jagić",
            "dubrovnik"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a1096af94a219006aa799_s",
              "question": "Where was Milan resta born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dubrovnik",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Milan Resetar born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7118_s",
          "context": "It was not long until Apple released their first portable computer , the Macintosh Portable in 1989 . Although due to considerable design issues : the PowerBook 100 , a miniaturized portable ; the 16 MHz 68030 PowerBook 140 ; and the 25 MHz 68030 PowerBook 170 . They were the first portable computers with the keyboard behind a palm rest and a built-in pointing device -LRB- a trackball -RRB- in front of the keyboard . , displaying 256 colors with 640 x 400-pixel resolution . The second generation of PowerBooks , the 68040-equipped 500 series , introduced trackpads , integrated stereo speakers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "1994",
            "1991",
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d1fc0b3d812140066d454_s",
              "question": "When was the Macintosh laptop first released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Macintosh Portable first released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10355_s",
          "context": "On 2 June 2013 . The front page read : `` Tulisa 's cocaine deal shame '' ; this story was written by The Sun On Sunday 's undercover reporter Mahzer Mahmood . The subterfuge involved conning the singer into believing that she was being considered for a role in an £ 8 million Bollywood film .",
          "c_entity": [
            "world",
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            "mahzer mahmood",
            "the sun"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b7eff1498d1400e8e8bb_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the story of tulisa cantostafflos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mahzer Mahmood",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the story on Tulisa Contostavlos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2894_s",
          "context": "On August 23 , after the failure of GKChP , Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia . On November 6 , he went further , banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e0a6c4231d4119001ac336_s",
              "question": "Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Ministry of safety and social security of the Russian Federation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12644_s",
          "context": "Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation . , and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company . However , mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which -- although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in -- protruded from the road surface . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1860s",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727de8b4b864d1900163ee6_s",
              "question": "When did Koch trams start to build a tramcar system in Malaysia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13244_s",
          "context": ". The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts by the southern powers to ward off Islamic invasions by the end of the 13th century . , whose ruins surround present day Hampi , India . , the best known of which is the group at Hampi . The mingling of all faiths and vernaculars inspired architectural innovation of Hindu temple construction , first in the Deccan and later in the Dravidian idioms using the local granite . Efficient administration and vigorous overseas trade brought new technologies such as water management systems for irrigation . , Telugu , Tamil and Sanskrit , while Carnatic music evolved into its current form . The Vijayanagara Empire created an epoch in South Indian history that transcended regionalism by promoting Hinduism as a unifying factor . The empire annexed areas formerly under the Sultanates in the northern Deccan and the territories in the eastern Deccan , including Kalinga , while simultaneously maintaining control over all its subordinates in the south . Many important monuments were either completed or commissioned during the time of Krishna Deva Raya . Vijayanagara went into decline after the defeat in the Battle of Talikota -LRB- 1565 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57289ffd4b864d1900164aed_s",
              "question": "Where is the most famous monument in southern India?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hampi",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what location are the best known monuments in the south of India?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13050_s",
          "context": "Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo -LRB- Chinese : 烏斯國 ; pinyin : Wūsīguó ; cf. Tibetan dbus , Ü , -LSB- wyʔ˨˧˨ -RSB- -RRB- : 烏斯藏 ; pinyin : wūsīzàng , cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang , Ü-Tsang -RRB- , Tubote -LRB- Chinese : 圖伯特 ; pinyin : Túbótè -RRB- , and Tanggute -LRB- Chinese : 唐古忒 ; pinyin : Tánggǔtè , cf. Tangut -RRB- . American Tibetologist Elliot Sperling has argued in favor of a recent tendency by some authors writing in Chinese to revive the term Tubote -LRB- simplified Chinese : 图伯特 ; traditional Chinese : 圖伯特 ; pinyin : Túbótè -RRB- for modern use in place of Xizang . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bfeb3acd2414000deb7d_s",
              "question": "Who is the American Tibetologist?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elliot Sperling",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is an American Tibetologist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2942_s",
          "context": "Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df76c85ca0a614008f9ac5_s",
              "question": "When did bell get the mobile phone patent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1876",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2866_s",
          "context": "Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin , which governed the Russian Republic , was overthrown during the October Revolution . Initially , the state did not have an official name and was n't recognized by neighboring countries for five months . Meanwhile .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vladimir lenin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e09ac47aa994140058e62b_s",
              "question": "Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vladimir Lenin",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4579_s",
          "context": "-- 38 BC , although this is controversial . The Eclogues -LRB- from the Greek for `` selections '' -RRB- are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry -LRB- `` pastoral poetry '' -RRB- of the Hellenistic poet Theocritus . After his victory in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC , supposedly including , according to the tradition . This is now thought to be an unsupported inference from interpretations of the Eclogues . , but offers no indisputable evidence of the supposed biographic incident . While some readers have identified the poet himself with various characters and their vicissitudes , whether gratitude by an old rustic to a new god -LRB- Ecl . 1 -RRB- , frustrated love by a rustic singer for a distant boy -LRB- his master 's pet , Ecl . 2 -RRB- , or a master singer 's claim to have composed several eclogues -LRB- Ecl . 5 -RRB- , modern scholars largely reject such efforts to garner biographical details from works of fiction , preferring to interpret an author 's characters and themes as illustrations of contemporary life and thought . The ten Eclogues present traditional pastoral themes with a fresh perspective . Eclogues 1 and 9 address the land confiscations and their effects on the Italian countryside . 2 and 3 are pastoral and erotic , discussing both homosexual love -LRB- Ecl . 2 -RRB- and attraction toward people of any gender -LRB- Ecl . 3 -RRB- . , addressed to Asinius Pollio , the so-called `` Messianic Eclogue '' uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child -LRB- who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate -RRB- . 5 and 8 describe the myth of Daphnis in a song contest , 6 , the cosmic and mythological song of Silenus ; 7 , a heated poetic contest . -RSB- , Nemesianus , and later writers .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f894a19b226e1400dd0c43_s",
              "question": "To whom is the fourth communion written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asinius Pollio",
                  "answer_start": 1423
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7940_s",
          "context": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music , having produced artists such as Nirvana , Alice in Chains , all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s . The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz , hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer , hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot , Macklemore , Blue Scholars , and Shabazz Palaces , smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G , classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche , and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters , Harvey Danger , The Posies , Modest Mouse , Band of Horses , Death Cab for Cutie , and Fleet Foxes . Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix , Duff McKagan , and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle .",
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            {
              "id": "571a18824faf5e1900b8a8a2_s",
              "question": "Where did artists like Hendrix and Sikes spend their early years?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Seattle",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2144_s",
          "context": "On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: \"You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e4744d39bdeb140034793c_s",
              "question": "When did Corbusier live and write?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20th-century",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Le Corbusier live and write?"
            }
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3327_s",
          "context": "The Boston Red Sox , play their home games at Fenway Park , near Kenmore Square in the city 's Fenway section . , it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues , encompassing Major League Baseball , the National Football League , National Basketball Association , and the National Hockey League . Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series , in 1903 . The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates . Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the `` Boston Pilgrims '' appear to be unfounded . Boston 's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67847_s",
              "question": "When was the first match of the first world competition held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1903",
                  "answer_start": 461
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the first game of the first world series played?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8149_s",
          "context": "Victoria later described her childhood as `` rather melancholy '' . Her mother was extremely protective , and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called `` Kensington System '' , an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller , Sir John Conroy , who was rumoured to be the Duchess 's lover . The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable -LRB- including most of her father 's family -RRB- , and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them . , and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety . Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night , studied with private tutors to a regular timetable , Dash . Her lessons included French , German , Italian , and Latin , but she spoke only English at home .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724149a0a492a1900435613_s",
              "question": "Who is Victoria's mother's coroner?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir John Conroy",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-453_s",
          "context": ". For the trailers , three pieces were written by different composers . , later to be performed by an ensemble conducted by Yasuzo Takemoto .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "asuka ohta",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d131c217492d1400aabbdc_s",
              "question": "Who will direct the ensemble of these plays?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yasuzo Takemoto",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was to conduct the ensemble that would perform the pieces?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9756_s",
          "context": "Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past.",
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            {
              "id": "5726728f708984140094c667_s",
              "question": "Where did the clergy retreat in the new evangelical and evangelical churches?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "black Geneva gown",
                  "answer_start": 181
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14536_s",
          "context": "After the Treaty of Utrecht -LRB- 1713 -RRB- , but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession . Charles had new houses built for the growing population , while trade and industry grew as well . However , by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples . Charles ' son Ferdinand , though disliked by the population . When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572963fb3f37b31900478319_s",
              "question": "Where does the palace live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Naples",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Royal Court reside?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14386_s",
          "context": "The Taira and the Minamoto clashed again in 1180 , beginning the Gempei War . Samurai fought at the naval battle of Dan-no-ura . The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo established the superiority of the samurai over the aristocracy . - taishōgun , establishing the Kamakura Shogunate , or Kamakura Bakufu . Instead of ruling from Kyoto , he set up the Shogunate in Kamakura , near his base of power . `` Bakufu '' means `` tent government '' , taken from the encampments the soldiers would live in , in accordance with the Bakufu 's status as a military government .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ee173acd2414000e01fb_s",
              "question": "When did the geppel war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1180",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Gempei War begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14353_s",
          "context": ". Historically , the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades . However , from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist . Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles . The party 's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia 's middle class would form its main constituency .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d7574b864d1900164f3f_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Australian liberal party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Menzies",
                  "answer_start": 371
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded Australia's liberal party?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9876_s",
          "context": "-- 1763 -RRB- involving France , Britain and the other major European powers . In North America , and the ceding of New France to Britain -LRB- leaving a sizeable French-speaking population under British control -RRB- and Louisiana to Spain . Spain ceded Florida to Britain . Along with its victory over France in India .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "the future"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266bc1708984140094c572_s",
              "question": "When was the Paris contract signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1763",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Treaty of Paris?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3332_s",
          "context": ", located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill , is the oldest public park in the United States . Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden , a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city . The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond , Boston 's largest body of freshwater , and Franklin Park . Another major park is the Esplanade , located along the banks of the Charles River . , an outdoor concert venue , is located adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade . Other parks are scattered throughout the city , with the major parks and beaches located near Castle Island ; in Charlestown ; and along the Dorchester , South Boston , and East Boston shorelines .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16690cd28a01900c67871_s",
              "question": "Who designed the jade necklace?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick Law Olmsted",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Emerald necklace?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7105_s",
          "context": "The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin , low-cost computer for the average consumer . He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple , the McIntosh , the audio equipment manufacturer . , but the request was denied . However , Jef Raskin had adopted the Macintosh spelling by 1981 , when the Macintosh computer was still a single prototype machine in the lab . This explanation further clashes with the first explanation given above that the change was made for `` legal reasons . '' -RRB-",
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            {
              "id": "570cfdd0b3d812140066d389_s",
              "question": "Who started the Macintosh project in 1979?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jef Raskin",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who began the Macintosh project in 1979?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13976_s",
          "context": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence , Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek , who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna . Each found support and similarities in the other 's work , citing each other often , though not without qualification . In a letter to Hayek in 1944 , Popper stated , `` I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker . '' Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek . For his part , Hayek dedicated a collection of papers , Studies in Philosophy , Politics , and Economics , to Popper , and in 1982 said , '' , I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology . ''",
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            "alfred tarski",
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              "id": "5728d96a2ca10214002da978_s",
              "question": "Who else did Austrian scholars and Popper's friends work with him at the London School of economics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Hayek",
                  "answer_start": 123
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which other Austrian scholar and friend of Popper also worked near him at the London School of Economics?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1345_s",
          "context": "The loss of viewers continued into season seven . The premiere was down 11 % among total viewers , and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18 -- 34 demo since the first season in 2002 . However , and improved over season six as the series ' third most watched finale . , a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast network . Overall ratings for the season were down 10 % from season six , which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike .",
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            "kristy lee cook",
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              "id": "56db43dae7c41114004b4fdf_s",
              "question": "Who has been voted out of the lowest ratings since the first season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kristy Lee Cook",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was eliminated during the lowest rated show since season one?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16310_s",
          "context": "Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions , mainly because of the United States ' policies towards it . , Edi Rama , Tirana 's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists , said : `` Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe , maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States . Even in Michigan , he would n't be as welcome . '' , there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state . In addition to Albania , Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States . The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory , Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edi rama",
            "james baker",
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            {
              "id": "573076f78ab72b1400f9c515_s",
              "question": "Who says Albania is a pro american country in Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edi Rama",
                  "answer_start": 159
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12862_s",
          "context": "In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.",
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            {
              "id": "5727b7c62ca10214002d94ae_s",
              "question": "When was proxy signaling implemented in Unicode 2.0?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4423_s",
          "context": "Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries . Tito 's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently , the Eastern Bloc . His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides . Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7eff2aef2371900625c7f_s",
              "question": "Who and Tito's faith in self-determination diverged?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12277_s",
          "context": ", the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records , featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band , '' -LRB- Shake , Shake , Shake -RRB- Shake Your Booty '' and `` That 's the Way -LRB- I Like It -RRB- '' ; and the Latin-American disco group , Foxy -LRB- band -RRB- , with their hit singles `` Get Off '' and `` Hot Number '' . The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then . Miami-influenced , Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine .",
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            {
              "id": "572a7db5f75d5e190021fae5_s",
              "question": "When did the bee monster move to Miami?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1975",
                  "answer_start": 364
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15977_s",
          "context": "General-in-Chief He Jin -LRB- d. 189 AD -RRB- , half-brother to Empress He -LRB- d. 189 AD -RRB- . There , in a written petition to Empress He , they demanded the eunuchs ' execution . After a period of hesitation , Empress He consented . When the eunuchs discovered this , however . The eunuchs assassinated He Jin on September 22 , 189 AD . On September 25 both palaces were breached and approximately two thousand eunuchs were killed . -- the future Emperor Xian of Han -LRB- r. 189 -- 220 AD -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "572ee6f1dfa6aa1500f8d4ad_s",
              "question": "Who was murdered on September 22, 189?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "He Jin",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was assassinated on September 22, 189 AD?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6755_s",
          "context": "In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI 's organized crime informant program `` one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement . '' , an FBI informant . Three of the men were sentenced to death -LRB- which was later reduced to life in prison -RRB- , and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison . , U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza . The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $ 100 million in damages to the four defendants .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c285fec8fbc190045bcba_s",
              "question": "When did a committee vote against the FBI's intelligence program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In 2003",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4397_s",
          "context": "Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec . -LSB- nb 1 -RSB- He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz . His father , Franjo Broz -LRB- 26 November 1860 -- 16 December 1936 -RRB- , was a Croat , while his mother Marija -LRB- 25 March 1864 -- 14 January 1918 -RRB- , was a Slovene . His parents were married on 21 January 1891 . , he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec , he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905 . There , he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May -- Labour Day for the first time . In 1910 . Between 1911 and 1913 , Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik -LRB- 1911 -- 1912 , factory `` Titan '' -RRB- , Cenkov , where he worked for the Benz car factory ; then he went to Wiener Neustadt , and worked as a test driver for Daimler .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7165e3d8e2e1400e37336_s",
              "question": "Where was Josep Broz born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kumrovec",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Josip Broz born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3358_s",
          "context": "The first satellite , BeiDou-1A . The third satellite , BeiDou-1C -LRB- a backup satellite -RRB- , was put into orbit on 25 May 2003 . The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0fdc8231d4119001ac55c_s",
              "question": "When was the Beidou-1 C satellite launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 May 2003",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the BeiDou-1C satellite launched?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4898_s",
          "context": "Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart . , and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood . Democritus , the inventor of the atomic theory of matter , argued for a three-part soul , with intellect in the head , emotion in the heart , and lust near the liver . Hippocrates , the `` father of medicine '' , came down unequivocally in favor of the brain . In his treatise on epilepsy he wrote :",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f98e239b226e1400dd1561_s",
              "question": "Who is the name of \"father of medicine\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hippocrates",
                  "answer_start": 340
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The \"father of medicine\" is a name given to whom in history?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8183_s",
          "context": "Napoleon III , and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit . , and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles .",
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            {
              "id": "5726768af1498d1400e8e081_s",
              "question": "Where are the VIPs of Victoria and Albert at Napoleon III's ball?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Palace of Versailles",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were Victoria and Albert honored guests at ball thrown by Napoleon III?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18662_s",
          "context": "In China , Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor . : `` Humanity is the Ling -LRB- efficacious essence -RRB- of the world -LRB- among all -RRB- . '' , respected as a founder of Rujia -LRB- Confucianism -RRB- , is especially prominent and pioneering in humanistic thought . His words were recorded in the Book of History as follows -LRB- translation -RRB- : -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "id": "57327bd90fdd8d15006c6b01_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of humanism in China?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yellow Emperor",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in China?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13296_s",
          "context": "The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified . The assassination attempt backfired , quickly playing into Nasser 's hands . Upon returning to Cairo , he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt , with the arrests of thousands of dissenters , mostly members of the Brotherhood , but also communists . Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death , although the sentence of its chief ideologue , was commuted to a 15-year imprisonment . , but was never tried or sentenced , and no one in the army rose to defend him . With his rivals neutralized , Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt .",
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              "id": "5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6c_s",
              "question": "Who controls Egypt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 126
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who assumed total control of Egypt?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8986_s",
          "context": "As an initial response , and was shocked to learn that such a blockade could be imposed only ` on paper ' . In fact , because of the extensive defense cuts and the emphasis placed on building a nuclear bomber force , none of the services were in a position to make a robust response with conventional military strength . General Omar Bradley , was faced with re-organizing and deploying an American military force that was a shadow of its World War II counterpart . , as American troops fought a series of costly rearguard actions . Lacking sufficient anti-tank weapons , artillery or armor , they were driven back down the Korean peninsula to Pusan . , unit by unit , man by man ... -LSB- T -RSB- hat we were able to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat ... does not relieve us from the blame of having placed our own flesh and blood in such a predicament . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5726993bdd62a815002e8aaa_s",
              "question": "Who has the task of reorganizing and deploying the US military?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Omar Bradley",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was tasked with reorganization and deploying of the US military?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17234_s",
          "context": "There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game , each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines . The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football , although certain modifications for groups such as juniors , seniors , women and people with physical disabilities are permitted . The laws are often framed in broad terms , which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game . The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA . In addition to the seventeen laws , numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573040c2a23a5019007fd010_s",
              "question": "Who publishes the rules of the game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "FIFA",
                  "answer_start": 472
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who publishes the Laws of the Game?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10363_s",
          "context": ". Simon Usborne , writing in The Independent , compared her use of the word `` cockroach '' to previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators . He suspected that if any other contributor had written the piece it would not have been published and questioned her continued employment by the newspaper . : `` It is no joke when people start talking like this . We are not ` giving her what she wants ' when we make manifest our disgust . It is not a free speech issue . I 'm not saying gag her : I 'm saying fight her '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who commented on Hopkins in the independent?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Simon Usborne",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote critically in The Independent about Hopkins?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2982_s",
          "context": ". , in the first of three cases in which he was involved , Meucci took the stand as a witness in the hopes of establishing his invention 's priority . Meucci 's evidence in this case was disputed due to a lack of material evidence for his inventions as his working models were purportedly lost at the laboratory of American District Telegraph -LRB- ADT -RRB- of New York , which was later incorporated as a subsidiary of Western Union in 1901 . Meucci 's work , like many other inventors of the period , was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments , the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci 's death . However , due to the efforts of Congressman Vito Fossella , even though this did not put an end to a still contentious issue . -LSB- N 17 -RSB- Some modern scholars do not agree with the claims that Bell 's work on the telephone was influenced by Meucci 's inventions . -LSB- N 18 -RSB-",
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              "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb9b_s",
              "question": "When did Western Union receive ADT?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1901",
                  "answer_start": 438
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Western Union absorb ADT?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16223_s",
          "context": "The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner . , Benjamin Silliman , a science professor at Yale University in New Haven , was the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation . These discoveries rapidly spread around the world .",
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              "id": "572f1de804bcaa1900d7674f_s",
              "question": "When did the modern oil industry begin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1846",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the modern petroleum industry start? "
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-104_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals -LRB- PETA -RRB- , criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon . , she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel , in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media . A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé 's look was `` far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce '' and that it was `` a return to her African roots '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9425_s",
              "question": "When was PETA controversial with Beyonce?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which year did PETA spark controversy with Beyonce?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14223_s",
          "context": "The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895 . Later , most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple , smaller rooms . UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens , MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fbba3f37b31900477efe_s",
              "question": "When was the first film in Paris for a paying audience?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "28 December 1895",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What date was the first movie played in Paris for a paying crowd?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1497_s",
          "context": ", which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics , on April 27 . Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government 's crackdown in Tibet . More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route , which began at Olympic Park . , Chinese students clashed with protesters , throwing rocks , bottles , and punches . He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away . Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed . Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read . '' The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated . Police said they arrested five people , including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks . Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey , some chanting , go Olympics ! '' By the end of the relay , Chinese students became violent , and it was reported in Korean media that they were `` lynching '' everyone who was disagreeing with them . One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students . On Apr 29 , the Secretary of Justice , Kim Kyung Han , told the prime minister that he will find `` every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice . '' Later in the day , National Police Agency , Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d97163dc89441400fdb479_s",
              "question": "Where is the starting point of the relay?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Olympic Park",
                  "answer_start": 288
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              "original_question": "Where was the start point for the relay?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13779_s",
          "context": ", when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat . Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field , the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates . The first Lib -- Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870 . In addition , several small socialist groups had formed around this time , with the intention of linking the movement to political policies . Among these were the Independent Labour Party , the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society , the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572840802ca10214002da195_s",
              "question": "When was George oder elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 391
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was george odger elected?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13857_s",
          "context": "The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time . Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia . Before the Soviet occupation , the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural council . Historically , large parts of Estonia 's northwestern coast and islands have been populated by indigenous ethnically Rannarootslased -LRB- Coastal Swedes -RRB- .",
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              "id": "5728d0114b864d1900164ea2_s",
              "question": "When was the Estonian law on cultural autonomy introduced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1925",
                  "answer_start": 54
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Estonian Cultural Autonomy law established?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17869_s",
          "context": "The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime.",
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            {
              "id": "57314110e6313a140071cd85_s",
              "question": "When did the Qing Dynasty surrender to Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1842",
                  "answer_start": 362
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Qing surrender to the British?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13122_s",
          "context": ", and were sent to the eastern front , those young men and women were called Malgré-nous . Many tried to escape from the incorporation , join the French Resistance , or desert the Wehrmacht but many could n't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans . Many of these men , especially those who did not answer the call immediately , were pressured to `` volunteer '' for service with the SS , often by direct threats on their families . This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army . After the war , the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists , and they had to face the incomprehension of many . In July 1944 , 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers , where they joined the Free French Forces . Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people , and museums .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728110f4b864d1900164386_s",
              "question": "Where were the liberated Soviet prisoners sent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Algiers",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the freed soviet captives sent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4413_s",
          "context": "Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe . Tito 's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people , but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons -LRB- and pressures -RRB- to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control . , the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945 , giving way to an uneasy alliance . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7302b3d8e2e1400e37408_s",
              "question": "Who played a leading role in the liberation of Yugoslavia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia?"
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          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6867_s",
          "context": "Geologically . This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism . There is also evidence of volcanic activity , even after the ice sheet had formed , in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c23e26b8089140040fb58_s",
              "question": "Where is evidence of volcanic activity found in Antarctica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island",
                  "answer_start": 177
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has evidence of volcanic activity been discovered in Antarctica?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-96_s",
          "context": ". , both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life . , posting in a letter `` what I find in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat , I search for in every day in music ... he is lyrical and raw '' . In February 2013 . She commented . But there are not enough of those women . '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jean-michel basquiat",
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            {
              "id": "56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832dc_s",
              "question": "Who describes beyoncobohn 233 as lyrical and primitive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jean-Michel Basquiat",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Beyoncé describe as lyrical and raw?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8020_s",
          "context": "Colonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales , and plantation records in all the former colonies , often have much more information about slaves , from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories . Genealogists have begun to find plantation records , court records . As slaves were generally forbidden to learn to read and write , black families passed along oral histories , which have had great persistence . Similarly , Native Americans did not generally learn to read and write English . Until 1930 , census enumerators used the terms free people of color and mulatto to classify people of apparent mixed race . When those terms were dropped , as a result of the lobbying by the Southern Congressional bloc , the Census Bureau used only the binary classifications of black or white , as was typical in segregated southern states .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571dfb4e55697319006390e2_s",
              "question": "When were the words \"mixed race\" and \"free color\" removed from the census?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1930",
                  "answer_start": 530
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the terms mulatto and free people of color taken off the census?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10331_s",
          "context": "According to Max Clifford : Read All About It . She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester . , who was keen to run it , and Max Clifford , who had been Starr 's public relations agent . Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him ; the attention helped to revive his career . In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped , Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication : `` I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster , gerbil , guinea pig , mouse , shrew , vole or any other small mammal . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57268c78708984140094c9bd_s",
              "question": "Who was Starr's PR agent before?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Max Clifford",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was previously Starr's public relations agent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1494_s",
          "context": ", explaining that she wished to express concern about China 's human rights record . Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was `` a very good example of peacefully making a point '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96ec6dc89441400fdb45f_s",
              "question": "Who says Dodd's retreat is a good example of peaceful protest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Foreign Minister Stephen Smith",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2514_s",
          "context": ", Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger , about 240 kilometers -LRB- 150 mi -RRB- northwest of Moscow . They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design , but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers . They helped in the following areas : the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4 ; work on `` organizational schemes '' ; research in improving the A-4 main engine ; development of a 100-ton engine ; assistance in the `` layout '' of plant production rooms ; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components . With their help , particularly Helmut Groettrup 's group , Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket , the R-1 , in 1948 . Later , he developed his own distinct designs . -- 53 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07b847aa994140058e559_s",
              "question": "When was the R1 rocket born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 777
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the R1 rocket born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-927_s",
          "context": "With the Conference of Berlin of 1884 , Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa . Portuguese Africa 's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa , Sá da Bandeira , Silva Porto , Malanje , Tete , Vila Junqueiro , Vila Pery and Vila Cabral were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond . New coastal towns like Beira , Moçâmedes , Lobito , João Belo , Nacala and Porto Amélia were also founded . , railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola , and the Beira railway in Mozambique , started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b49a4776f419006610bf_s",
              "question": "When was the Berlin Conference held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Conference of Berlin held?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9005_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , on 10 October 1950 , increasing the armor available for the Northern Offensive . On 15 October , after moderate KPA resistance , 70th Tank Battalion captured Namchonjam city . On 17 October , they flanked rightwards , away from the principal road -LRB- to Pyongyang -RRB- . Two days later , the North 's capital city , on 19 October 1950 . -- although as UNC forces approached , the government again moved -- this time to Kanggye .",
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              "id": "5726d182dd62a815002e913a_s",
              "question": "Who didn't conquer Nanchang?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "KPA",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did not capture the city of Namchonjam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5973_s",
          "context": "The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency : it was used by Renaissance sculptors , in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype , and the Statue of Liberty . Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships ' hulls was widespread ; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feature . The German scientist Gottfried Osann invented powder metallurgy in 1830 while determining the metal 's atomic mass ; around then it was discovered that the amount and type of alloying element -LRB- e.g. , tin -RRB- to copper would affect bell tones . ; the energy-efficient process accounts for 50 % of the world 's primary copper production .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57096959200fba1400367f8d_s",
              "question": "When did the production of antique zinc plating begin in North Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 399
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did The Norddeutsche Affinerie electroplating plant first begin production?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13818_s",
          "context": "After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 , the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July . -- Emajõgi line on 12 July . At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers . Both German troops and Estonian partisans took Narva on 17 August and the Estonian capital Tallinn on 28 August . After the Soviets were driven out from Estonia , German troops disarmed all the partisan groups .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b0db2ca10214002da5db_s",
              "question": "Who helped the Germans take Estonia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Estonian Forest Brothers",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped the Germans take over Estonia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2923_s",
          "context": "In 1945 , hoping to expand his American presence . The new combine , was a failure and was dissolved within one year . Rank and International remained interested in Universal , however . William Goetz , a founder of International , which also served as an import-export subsidiary , and copyright holder for the production arm 's films . Goetz . He stopped the studio 's low-budget production of B movies , serials and curtailed Universal 's horror and `` Arabian Nights '' cycles .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e33_s",
              "question": "Who is the production manager of universal international?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Goetz",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the head of production at Universal-International Pictures?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10832_s",
          "context": "During Vatican II . -LSB- page needed -RSB- Cardinal Augustin Bea . Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate , which regulates the Church 's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions . -LSB- d -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who is the chairman of the Christian solidarity Secretariat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cardinal Augustin Bea",
                  "answer_start": 44
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16802_s",
          "context": "However , by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse ; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup , reaching the semi-finals . UEFA , European football 's governing body , which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572fbc8604bcaa1900d76c4b_s",
              "question": "When did the downward trend of English football begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the downward trend of the English Football start to turn around?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4458_s",
          "context": "The decorations were seldom displayed , however . After the Tito , Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function , and then -LRB- with rare exception -RRB- only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons . The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980 . Tito 's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II , was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4d_s",
              "question": "Who became president of Yugoslavia in 1953?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12623_s",
          "context": "The city 's charter was granted by Prince John , as Lord of Ireland , in 1185 . The city was once fully walled , and some wall sections and gates remain today . For much of the Middle Ages . The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City . Together , these baronies are located between the Barony of Barrymore to the east , Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5727a9b13acd2414000de917_s",
              "question": "Who licensed cork?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince John",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who granted Cork's charter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17858_s",
          "context": "To extend and consolidate the dynasty 's control in Central Asia , the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia . The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan 's invading forces from these regions , which were then incorporated into the empire . Galdan was eventually killed in the Dzungar -- Qing War . In 1683 , Qing forces received the surrender of Taiwan from Zheng Keshuang , grandson of Koxinga , who had conquered Taiwan from the Dutch colonists as a base against the Qing . Zheng Keshuang was awarded the title `` Duke Haicheng '' -LRB- 海澄公 -RRB- and was inducted into the Han Chinese Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners when he moved to Beijing . , including the Prince of Ningjing Zhu Shugui and Prince Zhu Honghuan -LRB- 朱弘桓 -RRB- , son of Zhu Yihai , where they lived in the Kingdom of Tungning . The Qing sent the 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan in 1683 back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives in exile since their lives were spared from execution . Winning Taiwan freed Kangxi 's forces for series of battles over Albazin , the far eastern outpost of the Tsardom of Russia . Zheng 's former soldiers on Taiwan like the rattan shield troops were also inducted into the Eight Banners and used by the Qing against Russian Cossacks at Albazin . After Galdan 's death , his followers , as adherents to Tibetan Buddhism , attempted to control the choice of the next Dalai Lama . Kangxi dispatched two armies to Lhasa , the capital of Tibet , and installed a Dalai Lama sympathetic to the Qing .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57313a17497a881900248c92_s",
              "question": "When did Taiwan fall?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1683",
                  "answer_start": 378
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Taiwan fall?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13755_s",
          "context": ". Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan , firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces . Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an increase in the amount of troops in Afghanistan . In February 2010 , Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all . Peace talks are also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces . In September 2014 . , and the Obama Administration viewing it as a victory . In December 2014 , ISAF encasing its colors , and Resolute Support began as the NATO operation in Afghanistan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572844f92ca10214002da213_s",
              "question": "Where did operation moshtarak happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "southern Afghanistan",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Operation Moshtarak take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16988_s",
          "context": "In Japan . However . The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945 , on the battleship USS Missouri , in Tokyo Bay . The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers , with representatives of several Allied nations , from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu .",
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            {
              "id": "57324f67b9d445190005ea27_s",
              "question": "When did Japan officially sign the letter of surrender?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 September 1945",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Japan formally have signed the surrender?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10754_s",
          "context": "On 25 February 1757 , Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a `` history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne '' , its length being eighty quarto sheets -LRB- 640 pages -RRB- , nearly 400,000 words . ; it was not published until after Burke 's death , entitled An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History . G. M. Young did not value Burke 's history and claimed that it was `` demonstrably a translation from the French '' . Lord Acton , on commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his , said `` it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur '' .",
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              "question": "When did Burke sign a contract to write a story in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 February 1757",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Burke sign a contract for a history of England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4407_s",
          "context": "In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow , indeed , he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc . In fact , Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start , with Stalin considering Tito too independent .",
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            {
              "id": "56f72981711bf01900a44a06_s",
              "question": "Who did Tito form an uneasy alliance with at first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6027_s",
          "context": "The Gurkhas , a martial tribe , came to power in Nepal in the year 1768 . They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory . Gradually . With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa . They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch , in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs . However . After the defeat , the Gurkhas began to expand towards the south of the state . However , Raja Ram Singh , during the First Anglo-Sikh War . They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj . The British gradually emerged as the paramount power . In the revolt of 1857 , or first Indian war of independence , arising from a number of grievances against the British , the people of the hill states were not as politically active as were those in other parts of the country . They and their rulers , remained more or less inactive . Some , rendered help to the British government during the revolt .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "bilaspur",
            "lahore",
            "kangra",
            "shimla",
            "raja of siba state"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570965c4ed30961900e84097_s",
              "question": "Where are the Gurkhas in power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nepal",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Gurkhas come into power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8063_s",
          "context": "In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use. Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571d1e58dd7acb1400e4c224_s",
              "question": "When was Mevastatin detected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was mevastatin discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15024_s",
          "context": "In the lead up to the Iraq War , Kerry said on October 9 , 2002 ; `` I will be voting to give the President of the United States the authority to use force , if necessary , to disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his hands is a real and grave threat to our security . '' . Kerry also gave a January 23 , we need to disarm Saddam Hussein . He is a brutal , murderous dictator ; leading an oppressive regime he presents a particularly grievous threat because he is so consistently prone to miscalculation . So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass destruction is real . '' Kerry did , however , warn that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war : `` Mr. President , do not rush to war , take the time to build the coalition , because it 's not winning the war that 's hard , it 's winning the peace that 's hard . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "bush",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac345111d821400f38d36_s",
              "question": "Who did Kerry call to disarm?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saddam Hussein",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kerry say we should disarm?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-108_s",
          "context": "Her debut single , considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time , earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million copies . The music video for `` Single Ladies -LRB- Put a Ring on It -RRB- '' , which achieved fame for its intricate choreography and its deployment of jazz hands , triggering a number of parodies of the dance choreography and a legion of amateur imitators on YouTube . , Drake released a single titled `` Girls Love Beyoncé '' , which featured an interpolation from Destiny Child 's `` Say My Name '' and discussed his relationship with women . , research scientist Bryan Lessard named Scaptia beyonceae , a species of horse fly found in Northern Queensland , Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly 's unique golden hairs on its abdomen . In July 2014 , a Beyoncé exhibit was introduced into the `` Legends of Rock '' section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The black leotard from the `` Single Ladies '' video and her outfit from the Super Bowl half time performance are among several pieces housed at the museum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the century",
            "january 2012",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56beca973aeaaa14008c947b_s",
              "question": "When was Beyonce awarded the Rock Hall of fame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 2014",
                  "answer_start": 837
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A place for Beyonce in the Rock and Roll Hall of fame was awarded when?"
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          ]
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17494_s",
          "context": "The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes. Gelb and Westenholz differentiate three stages of Old Akkadian: that of the pre-Sargonic era, that of the Akkadian empire, and that of the \"Neo-Sumerian Renaissance\" that followed it. Akkadian and Sumerian coexisted as vernacular languages for about one thousand years, but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was becoming more of a literary language familiar mainly only to scholars and scribes. Thorkild Jacobsen has argued that there is little break in historical continuity between the pre- and post-Sargon periods, and that too much emphasis has been placed on the perception of a \"Semitic vs. Sumerian\" conflict. However, it is certain that Akkadian was also briefly imposed on neighboring parts of Elam that were previously conquered by Sargon.",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5730ac218ab72b1400f9c666_s",
              "question": "Where did Akkadian, a Semitic language, first be found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "proper names of the kings of Kish",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Semetic Akkadian language first found?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-274_s",
          "context": ", invented by the Irish composer John Field , to a deeper level of sophistication . He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces . He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes -LRB- Op. 28 , published 1839 -RRB- . He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude , in his two sets of studies -LRB- Op. 10 published in 1833 , Op. 25 in 1837 -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "56cfed8a234ae51400d9c0e1_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of the night?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Field",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with creating the nocturne?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9485_s",
          "context": "New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when , in 1839 , the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven 's United States District Court . , the informal leader of the slaves , beside City Hall . See `` Museums '' below for more information . , shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President .",
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              "question": "Who are the slaves in Spanish slavery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mende tribesmen",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5838_s",
          "context": "La Cueva De Las Ventanas -LRB- The Cave of Windows -RRB- , a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route . Archaeologists believe the civilization began to decline during the 13th century and by the 15th century the inhabitants of Paquime sought refuge in the Sierra Madre Occidental while others are thought to have emigrated north and joined the Ancestral Pueblo peoples . , Mayo , and Tarahumara -RRB- are descendants of the Casas Grandes culture .",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "57070fe09e06ca38007e9367_s",
              "question": "Where did the paquem take refuge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sierra Madre Occidental",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Paquime seek refuge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18456_s",
          "context": "During Soviet rule . The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan , who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki . In football , which had claimed most of the Soviet championships in the 70s and had also gone to post victories against professional clubs like FC Bayern Munich in the Euro cup .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "helsinki",
            "yerevan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573245c9e99e3014001e6615_s",
              "question": "Where was the 1952 Olympic Games held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Helsinki",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the 1952 Olympics held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8438_s",
          "context": "Despite the failures in Egypt , Napoleon returned to a hero 's welcome . He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès , his brother Lucien , speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos , director Joseph Fouché , and Talleyrand , and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 -LRB- `` the 18th Brumaire '' according to the revolutionary calendar -RRB- , closing down the council of five hundred . , with two consuls appointed by him who had consultative voices only . , originally devised by Sieyès to give Napoleon a minor role , but rewritten by Napoleon , and accepted by direct popular vote -LRB- 3,000,000 in favor , 1,567 opposed -RRB- . The constitution preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267326dd62a815002e853f_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon's Alliance break up the catalogue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9 November 1799",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did Napoleon's alliance overthrow the Directory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15800_s",
          "context": "Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941 , 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives . Over a period of 267 days , London was attacked 71 times , Birmingham , Bristol six , Glasgow five . This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940 , killing civilians , combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill 's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night . -LSB- clarification needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572e8b8fc246551400ce4323_s",
              "question": "Who was the British Prime Minister in the air raid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winston Churchill",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the UK Prime Minster at the time of the aerial raids?"
            }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9892_s",
          "context": ", which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada , as a solution to political unrest there . , which created the Province of Canada . , and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies . With the passage of the British North America Act , 1867 by the British Parliament , Upper and Lower Canada , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada , a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1867"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267b4add62a815002e869e_s",
              "question": "When did British North American law pass?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1867",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the British North America Act passed?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-585_s",
          "context": "Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs -- Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , the Bronx , and Staten Island -- were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . , New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- 20.1 million residents -RRB- and the Combined Statistical Area -LRB- 23.6 million residents -RRB- . , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product -LRB- GMP -RRB- of nearly US$ 1.39 trillion , the CSA generated a GMP of over US$ 1.55 trillion , both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries , respectively .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1d_s",
              "question": "When did all five boroughs of New York City form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1898",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17832_s",
          "context": ". In the late sixteenth century , originally a Ming vassal , began organizing Jurchen clans into `` Banners '' , military-social units . Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity . By 1636 , his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty , the Qing . In 1644 , peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing . Rather than serve them , who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing . -- 1722 -RRB- . While the early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their official title was Emperor they were known as khans to the Mongols and patronized Tibetan Buddhism , they governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government . They retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus . They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in international relations , the Qing so-called internal foreign policy closely resembled colonial policy and control .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc28_s",
              "question": "Where is the capital of Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beijing",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the ming capital?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11371_s",
          "context": ". The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 . It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bcd95951b619008f7c97_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria become independent of Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12596_s",
          "context": ", but he is assisted by an additional director of studies , known as a tutor . Classes , colloquially known as `` divs '' -LRB- divisions -RRB- , are organised on a School basis ; the classrooms are separate from the houses . , designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3 . Despite the introduction of modern technology , the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "henry woodyer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727be06ff5b5019007d93fe_s",
              "question": "Who designed the learning building of Eton public school?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Woodyer",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14486_s",
          "context": "EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target \"to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020\". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further. Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was \"about right\" and 16 percent thought it was \"too modest.\" In comparison, 19 percent said it was \"too ambitious\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57293c241d046914007791a9_s",
              "question": "Who has set ambitious targets in the field of renewable energy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "EU member countries",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12198_s",
          "context": ". On November 19 , 1989 , a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners , friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains . Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery . On November 26 , 1989 , thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev . On November 28 , 1989 . The decree was proclaimed on December 1 , coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ukrainian catholic",
            "oleksiy tykhy",
            "vasyl stus",
            "gorbachev",
            "yuriy lytvyn",
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            "john paul ii",
            "shevchenko ukrainian language society",
            "myroslav lubachivsky"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572826324b864d19001645ae_s",
              "question": "Who met Gorbachev on November 22?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope John Paul II",
                  "answer_start": 400
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who met with Gorbachev on November 22?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-173_s",
          "context": "Genocide has become an official term used in international relations . The word genocide was not in use before 1944 . Before this , in 1941 . In that year , a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin . The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno - -LRB- meaning tribe or race -RRB- and caedere -LRB- the Latin word for to kill -RRB- . The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731eb9bb9d445190005e69a_s",
              "question": "Who coined the word genocide?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Raphael Lemkin",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who coined the term \"genocide\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18762_s",
          "context": "The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan , is based in Lahore , the capital of the Punjab Province . The Chief Minister of Punjab -LRB- CM -RRB- is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab , Pakistan . , who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor 's rule starting from 25 February 2009 to 30 March 2009 . Thereafter got re-elected as a result of 11 May 2013 elections . The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab , which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan . The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats , with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "shahbaz sharif"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573401004776f4190066169b_s",
              "question": "Who elects the prime minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab",
                  "answer_start": 207
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who elects the Chief Minister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-56_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter -LRB- / biːˈjɒnseɪ , songwriter , record producer and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . Managed by her father , Mathew Knowles , the group became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé 's debut album , Dangerously in Love -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , which established her as a solo artist worldwide , earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Crazy in Love '' and `` Baby Boy '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830ac_s",
              "question": "When did beyoncobot 233 publish danger in love?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyoncé release Dangerously in Love?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8427_s",
          "context": "Upon graduating in September 1785 . At this time , he was a fervent Corsican nationalist , `` As the nation was perishing I was born . Thirty thousand Frenchmen were vomited on to our shores , drowning the throne of liberty in waves of blood . Such was the odious sight which was the first to strike me . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 1785",
            "a second",
            "nearly two years",
            "may 1789"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726544edd62a815002e81b4_s",
              "question": "When did Napoleon graduate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1785",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Napoleon graduate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10750_s",
          "context": "Burke was born in Dublin , Ireland . , whereas his father , a successful solicitor , Richard -LRB- died 1761 -RRB- , was a member of the Church of Ireland ; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When did Burke's father die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1761",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Burke's father die?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15724_s",
          "context": ", Charleston 's population had grown to 23,000 , maintaining its black -LRB- and mostly slave -RRB- majority . When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey , a free black , was revealed in May 1822 , whites reacted with intense fear , as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the Haitian Revolution . Soon after , Vesey was tried and executed . Another 28 slaves were later hanged . Later , the state legislature passed laws requiring individual legislative approval for manumission -LRB- the freeing of a slave -RRB- and regulating activities of free blacks and slaves .",
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            "early july",
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            {
              "id": "5730299db2c2fd14005689a6_s",
              "question": "When was Vasi's plan for the slave uprising announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 1822",
                  "answer_start": 197
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13465_s",
          "context": "The LSPU Hall is home to the Resource Centre for the Arts. The \"Hall\" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown. The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including Rick Mercer, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Andy Jones and Greg Thomey. The St. John's Arts and Culture Centre houses an art gallery, libraries and a 1000-seat theatre, which is the city's major venue for entertainment productions.",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Where is Rick Mercer from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newfoundland",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Rick Mercer from?"
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        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7348_s",
          "context": "According to some historians , Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne , to make it appear that the French had been insulted . The French press and parliament demanded a war , which the generals of Napoleon III assured him that France would win . Napoleon and his Prime Minister , Émile Ollivier , for their parts sought war to solve their problems with political disunity in France . On 16 July 1870 . The German coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French and rapidly invaded northeastern France . The German forces were superior in numbers , had better training and leadership and made more effective use of modern technology , particularly railroads and artillery .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d5904fed7b91900d45eeb_s",
              "question": "Where did the rapidly mobilized army first invade France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northeastern France",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the quickly mobilised troops first invade in France?"
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        {
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          "context": ". , where it has been held since 1968 . The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b5149b226e1400dd0e87_s",
              "question": "When was the boat show held in Mayflower park?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
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              "original_question": "When was the Boat Show first held in Mayflower Park?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13536_s",
          "context": "Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald , the legislature of the Isle of Man . Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 -LRB- the Revestment -RRB- , the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor . After 1765 , royal assent was at first signified by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor ; but , during the British Regency , the practice began of granting royal assent by Order in Council .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the Isle of man acquired?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1765",
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              "original_question": "In what year was lordship of the Isle of Man purchased?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13847_s",
          "context": "Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since.",
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            {
              "id": "5728c4c42ca10214002da74c_s",
              "question": "Who approved the supplementary budget proposed by the Estonian government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Riigikogu",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who approved the supplementary negative budget drafted by the Estonian government?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9029_s",
          "context": "Because neither Korea had a significant navy , the Korean War featured few naval battles . A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950 , and the frigate HMS Black Swan fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats , and sank them . USS Juneau later sank several ammunition ships that had been present . The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon , days before the Battle of Incheon , near Inchon . Three other supply ships were sunk by PC-703 two days later in the Yellow Sea . Thereafter , vessels from the UN nations held undisputed control of the sea about Korea . The gun ships were used in shore bombardment , while the aircraft carriers provided air support to the ground forces .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is in charge of any battle that may take place at sea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the UN Command",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who dominated any battles that may have taken place at sea?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10812_s",
          "context": ". Urale 's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996 . Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival . The feature film Siones Wedding , was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia . The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film , shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story . Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese , it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who wrote and directed the speaker?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Tusi Tamasese",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote and directed The Orator?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9382_s",
          "context": "In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who has expanded Mexico City to the largest scale?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antonio López de Santa Anna",
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7872_s",
          "context": "The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents . The Emperor Constantius , who had been the cause of so much trouble , died 4 November , 361 and was succeeded by Julian . , was flung into prison and murdered . , when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope . An edict had been put forth by Julian permitting the exiled bishops of the `` Galileans '' to return to their `` towns and provinces '' . , and he accordingly re-entered his episcopal capitol on 22 February , 362 .",
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              "question": "Who is Constantius's successor?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Who succeeded the Emperor Constantius?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8974_s",
          "context": "Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a \"counterattack\" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports.",
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              "id": "57268408708984140094c8a0_s",
              "question": "When did the generals complete their offensive strategy?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "May",
                  "answer_start": 183
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              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the generals finalize their attack strategy?"
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          "context": "In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont.",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who released a photo of the new iPod color?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pierre Dandumont",
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              "original_question": "Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3134_s",
          "context": "The first helicopter landing at the new airfield was conducted by the Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 from 825 Squadron 201 Flight, embarked on visiting HMS Lancaster on 23 October 2015.",
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            "23 october 2015"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e07c3b231d4119001ac1c9_s",
              "question": "When did the plane go to Lancaster?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "23 October 2015",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the aircraft visit HMS Lancaster?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13467_s",
          "context": ". The park was officially opened in 1891 by Sir Alexander Bannerman . Today the park contains a public swimming pool , playground , a baseball diamond and many large open grassy areas . Bannerman Park plays host to many festivals and sporting events . The park is also the finishing location for the annual Tely 10 Mile Road Race .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Where does the Riley 10 mile road race end?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Bannerman Park",
                  "answer_start": 186
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Where does the Tely 10 Mile Road Race end?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4211_s",
          "context": ", famines and other disasters , each accompanied by large-scale population losses . Stephen J. Lee estimates that , by the end of World War II in 1945 , the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7366c711bf01900a44a66_s",
              "question": "When will Russia's population be estimated to be 90 million less than it is now?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 146
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6017_s",
          "context": "After independence , known in full as the Simla Hills States and four Punjab southern hill states by issue of the Himachal Pradesh -LRB- Administration -RRB- Order . Following area of Punjab State namely Simla , Kangra , Kulu and Lahul and Spiti Districts , Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala District , Lohara , Amb and Una kanungo circles , some area of Santokhgarh kanungo circle and some other specified area of Una tehsil of Hoshiarpur District besides some parts of Dhar Kalan Kanungo circle of Pathankot tehsil of Gurdaspur District . On 18 December 1970 . Thus Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Indian Union .",
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              "id": "57095dca200fba1400367ee4_s",
              "question": "When was the Himalayas Act adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "18 December 1970",
                  "answer_start": 536
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the State of Himchal Pradesh Act passed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15782_s",
          "context": "Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being . It is the color of celebration and ceremony . A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests . Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters . In China , it is considered the color of good fortune and prosperity , and it is the color traditionally worn by brides . In Christian countries , it is the color traditionally worn at Christmas by Santa Claus , because in the 4th century the historic Saint Nicholas was the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra , in modern-day Turkey , and bishops then dressed in red .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314b13497a881900248d6c_s",
              "question": "Who is Nicholas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra",
                  "answer_start": 520
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Saint Nicholas?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12771_s",
          "context": "A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994 : Compaq , DEC , IBM , Intel , Microsoft , NEC , and Nortel . The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs , addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces , and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB , as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices . A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b0ccff5b5019007d92a8_s",
              "question": "When did the seven companies start developing USB devices?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6873_s",
          "context": "The main mineral resource known on the continent is coal . It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition . The Prince Charles Mountains contain significant deposits of iron ore . The most valuable resources of Antarctica lie offshore . Exploitation of all mineral resources is banned until 2048 by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570da494df2f5219002ed0a1_s",
              "question": "Where did you find iron ore in Antarctica?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Charles Mountains",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is iron ore found on Antarctica?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18518_s",
          "context": "Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower 's favorite movie . His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey . With his excellent memory and ability to focus , Eisenhower was skilled at card games . He learned poker , which he called his `` favorite indoor sport , '' in Abilene . Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates ' poker losses for payment after graduation , and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him . A classmate reported that after learning to play contract bridge at West Point , Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324575e99e3014001e660b_s",
              "question": "Who is Eisenhower's favorite writer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zane Grey",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6476_s",
          "context": "The county was established in 1182 , later than many other counties . During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain . The towns of Manchester , Lancaster , Ribchester , Burrow , Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts . , a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe . , the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b0045ec8fbc190045b7ce_s",
              "question": "When was Lancashire county founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1182",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Lancashire established?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14247_s",
          "context": "Paris and its close suburbs is home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Canard enchaîné, La Croix, Pariscope, Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen), Les Échos, Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Réseaux & Télécoms, Reuters France, and L'Officiel des Spectacles. France's two most prestigious newspapers, Le Monde and Le Figaro, are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry. Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. Another news agency is France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, and pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57290895af94a219006a9faf_s",
              "question": "When did the agency open in Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1835",
                  "answer_start": 660
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Agence open in Paris?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16204_s",
          "context": "The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers . , after the Battle of Plassey , when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company , in 1765 , when the Company was granted the diwani , or the right to collect revenue , in Bengal and Bihar , when the Company established a capital in Calcutta , appointed its first Governor-General , Warren Hastings , and became directly involved in governance .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f0002cb0c0d14000f16f9_s",
              "question": "When did British Oriental get the right to increase revenue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1765",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the British East Company given the right to collect revenue?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8185_s",
          "context": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood . Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame , and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts . Through early January , she felt `` weak and unwell '' , and by mid-January she was `` drowsy ... dazed , -LSB- and -RSB- confused '' . She died on Tuesday , 22 January 1901 , at half past six in the evening , at the age of 81 . Her son and successor King Edward VII , and her eldest grandson , were at her deathbed . Her favourite pet Pomeranian , was laid upon her deathbed as a last request .",
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              "question": "Who is Queen Victoria's successor after her death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Edward VII",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Queen Victoria's successor after her death? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11486_s",
          "context": "Such strategies , which minimize the maximum loss for each player , are called optimal . , publishing this result in his 1944 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior -LRB- written with Oskar Morgenstern -RRB- . He read it and said to Morgenstern that he should put more in it . This was repeated a couple of times . Then it became a book . In this book , especially convex sets and topological fixed-point theorem , rather than the traditional differential calculus , because the maximum-operator did not preserve differentiable functions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who is the coauthor of Niemann game theory and economic behavior?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oskar Morgenstern",
                  "answer_start": 183
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was co-author with von Neman on the Theory of Games and Economic Behavior?"
            }
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8161_s",
          "context": "Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays . In 1889 , during a stay in Biarritz , she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit . By April 1900 , the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable . Instead , the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861 , in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war . In July ; `` Oh , God ! , she wrote in her journal . `` It is a horrible year , nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e3290dadf01500fa1f77_s",
              "question": "Who was the first British monarch to set foot in Spain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Victoria",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9139_s",
          "context": "The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012 . The power of the traditional Greek political parties , declined from 43 % to 13 % and from 33 % to 18 % , respectively , due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures . The leftist party of SYRIZA became the second major party , with an increase from 4 % to 16 % . No party could form a sustainable government , which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012 . The result of the second elections was the formation of a coalition government composed of New Democracy -LRB- 29 % -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new democracy",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572657145951b619008f7017_s",
              "question": "Who became the second largest party after the election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The leftist party of SYRIZA",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became the second major party after the elections?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9776_s",
          "context": ", the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination . Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57269957f1498d1400e8e4b2_s",
              "question": "Where did the Presbyterian Church of Wales build its first church?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sohra",
                  "answer_start": 177
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Welsh Presbyterians build there first church?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15021_s",
          "context": "Kerry said that he had intended the remark as a jab at President Bush , and described the remarks as a `` botched joke '' , having inadvertently left out the key word `` us '' -LRB- which would have been , `` If you do n't , you get us stuck in Iraq '' -RRB- , as well as leaving the phrase `` just ask President Bush '' off of the end of the sentence . In Kerry 's prepared remarks , which he released during the ensuing media frenzy , the corresponding line was '' ... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq . Just ask President Bush . '' He also said that from the context of the speech which , prior to the `` stuck in Iraq '' line , made several specific references to Bush and elements of his biography , that Kerry was referring to President Bush and not American troops in general .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac154be1ee31400cb8216_s",
              "question": "Who told Kerry he was trapped in Iraq?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Bush and not American troops in general",
                  "answer_start": 745
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Kerry saying was stuck in Iraq?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18740_s",
          "context": "Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators. This practice is controversial, with for example, New York State banning this practice in 1996 on the grounds that it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732bf5c328d981900602041_s",
              "question": "When is New York State banning traffic police from using unmarked cars?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 455
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8358_s",
          "context": "Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC. All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d643271a42140099d285_s",
              "question": "When did the ptolemaics rule Egypt?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 BC",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Till what year did Ptolemy's family rule Egypt?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6408_s",
          "context": "Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a8ed26d058f1900182faa_s",
              "question": "Where does ccosto230 live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Whitby",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Cædmon live?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1489_s",
          "context": "Malaysia , on April 21 . The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square , passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers . Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House , National Mosque . A team of 1000 personnel from the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guarded the event and escorted the torchbearers .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb433_s",
              "question": "Where did this route start in Malaysia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Independence Square",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the route begin in Malaysia?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10818_s",
          "context": "In 1916 , he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest . Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University , the University of Rome La Sapienza and , at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici . At the age of twenty-five , again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo , where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca , Alfredo Ottaviani , Carlo Grano , Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman . Consequently . , focused on promoting a ` Christian inspired culture ' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726a158708984140094cc59_s",
              "question": "When did Montini enter the Catholic seminary as a priest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1916",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2291_s",
          "context": ", which was a box-office hit . This was followed by a sequel , in 1984 , although it was not as successful as its predecessor . In 1983 , Carnival in Rio . In 1984 , he made his first appearance as the eponymous character , and what some would say was his acting career 's signature role , in James Cameron 's science fiction thriller film The Terminator . Following this .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56de8b184396321400ee2a09_s",
              "question": "Who is the Terminator?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Cameron",
                  "answer_start": 293
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed The Terminator?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15085_s",
          "context": "Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature , whose members are known as senators . Guam elects one non-voting delegate , currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo . U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election , the poll has no real effect . However , in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions , Guam does have influence in the national presidential race . These delegates are elected by local party conventions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b589c34ae481900deadb2_s",
              "question": "Who is the current non voting representative of Guam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18845_s",
          "context": "The Licchavis from the Indo-Gangetic plain migrated north and defeated the Kiratas , establishing the Licchavi dynasty . During this era , the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas . From Sankhu , they migrated to Yambu and Yengal -LRB- Lanjagwal and Manjupattan -RRB- and established the first permanent Buddhist monasteries of Kathmandu . , which is the only surviving Sanskrit-based Buddhist tradition in the world . With their migration .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57359e82e853931400426a67_s",
              "question": "Who did it?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Koliyas",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7201_s",
          "context": "After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit . The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun , but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it . The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar , which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics , and then sent electrical commands to the guns , which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds . Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets . This system , was in late development when the war ended .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570dab4216d0071400510c85_s",
              "question": "When did the bloody attack happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1943",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When year did the Dambusters raid happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8059_s",
          "context": "In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%. In 1995, Zocor and Mevacor both made Merck over US$1 billion. Endo was awarded the 2006 Japan Prize, and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008. For his \"pioneering research into a new class of molecules\" for \"lowering cholesterol,\"[sentence fragment]",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae17b32177014007e9f80_s",
              "question": "Who won the laser debarke clinical medicine research award?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Endo",
                  "answer_start": 458
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who received the Laser-Debakey Clinical Medical Research Aware?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2475_s",
          "context": ". For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe . Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split , Mongolia remained on observer status . Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df13573277331400b4d959_s",
              "question": "When should the Soviet army leave Mongolia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 256
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15771_s",
          "context": ", but not always with happy results . In 1962 he donated to Harvard University a series of large murals of the Passion of Christ whose predominant colors were dark pink and deep crimson . He mixed mostly traditional colors to make the pink and crimson ; synthetic ultramarine , cerulean blue , and titanium white , but he also used two new organic reds . Within five years the deep pinks and reds had begun to turn light blue , and by 1979 the paintings were ruined and had to be taken down .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57313b47e6313a140071cd59_s",
              "question": "Who did Roscoe give the passion of Christ?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harvard University",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4288_s",
          "context": "Southampton has always been a port , and the docks have long been a major employer in the city . In particular , it is a port for cruise ships , when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK . , as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast and fourth largest UK port by tonnage , with several container terminals . Unlike some other ports , such as Liverpool , London , and Bristol , where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment , Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry . Despite the still active and expanding docklands to the west of the city centre , further enhanced with the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009 , parts of the eastern docks have been redeveloped ; the Ocean Village development , which included a local marina and small entertainment complex , is a good example . Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d9a_s",
              "question": "When was Southampton's fourth cruise terminal opened?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 718
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Southampton's fourth cruise terminal open in the western docklands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10480_s",
          "context": "Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven , Connecticut . , the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States . , who was governor of the British East India Company . Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages , by 1777 the school 's curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57268a89dd62a815002e88c7_s",
              "question": "When did Yale begin to study humanities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by 1777",
                  "answer_start": 330
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Yale first incorporate humanities and sciences?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6778_s",
          "context": ", Jr. . In the mid-1960s , King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists . In his 1991 memoir . There is only one way out for you .",
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            "washington post",
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            "taylor"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c31e36b8089140040fc0f_s",
              "question": "Who started criticizing mlk in the mid-1960s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Bureau",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4692_s",
          "context": "The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis . Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept . He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition : `` that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency . '' : 24 In this view , the molecular gene transcribes as a unit , and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit . Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56f89cb39e9bad19000a01cb_s",
              "question": "Who promoted the idea that genes are central to evolution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dawkins",
                  "answer_start": 576
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15445_s",
          "context": ". '' Throughout Libya , crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared ; described as `` spontaneous demonstrations '' by the government , there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend . He was typically late to public events , and would sometimes not show up at all . Although Bianco thought he had a `` gift for oratory '' . , wandering '' speeches , which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.",
          "c_entity": [
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            "daniel kawczynski",
            "bianco",
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            "gaddafi"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573190e9a5e9cc1400cdc0b2_s",
              "question": "Who says Gaddafi is a talented speaker?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bianco",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18642_s",
          "context": ", in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial , better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine 's best-known works -LRB- 1838 -RRB- . After Heine 's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected , allegedly for anti-Semitic motives , a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet -LRB- 1797 -- 1856 -RRB- , his incensed German-American admirers , including Carl Schurz . However , this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism , aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "midtown"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326a2be17f3d140042296a_s",
              "question": "Where was Heinrich Hein born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Düsseldorf",
                  "answer_start": 177
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Heinrich Heine born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8214_s",
          "context": ", when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England -LRB- UGLE -RRB- was opened . However , the position changed following the revolution , and all lodges were forced to close in 1965 . This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein ; the death penalty was `` prescribed '' for those who `` promote or acclaim Zionist principles , including freemasonry , or who associate -LSB- themselves -RSB- with Zionist organisations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did all the holds in Iraq close?",
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              "original_question": "When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close?"
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          "context": "According to the tradition . , weakened with disease , Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21 , 19 BC . Augustus ordered Virgil 's literary executors , Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca , to disregard Virgil 's own wish that the poem be burned , instead ordering it published with as few editorial changes as possible . As a result , the text of the Aeneid that exists may contain faults which Virgil was planning to correct before publication . However , the only obvious imperfections are a few lines of verse that are metrically unfinished -LRB- i.e. not a complete line of dactylic hexameter -RRB- . Some scholars have argued that Virgil deliberately left these metrically incomplete lines for dramatic effect . Other alleged imperfections are subject to scholarly debate .",
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          "context": ": `` The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations , and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach . Rather , these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of warrior society and recommended as the proper form of the Japanese man of arms . With the Heike Monogatari , the image of the Japanese warrior in literature came to its full maturity . '' .",
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              "original_question": "Who were the models for future generations of samurai?"
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          "context": "Daphne was a nymph , who had scorned Apollo . The myth explains the connection of Apollo with δάφνη -LRB- daphnē -RRB- . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Phoebus Apollo chaffs Cupid for toying with a weapon more suited to a man , whereupon Cupid wounds him with a golden dart ; simultaneously , however , Cupid shoots a leaden arrow into Daphne , causing her to be repulsed by Apollo . Following a spirited chase by Apollo , Daphne prays to her father , for help , and he changes her into the laurel tree , sacred to Apollo .",
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          "context": ". Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sustained economic growth followed , the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong . However .",
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              "original_question": "When was the recession declared over?"
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          "context": ", the founder of the colony of Rhode Island , in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution . The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government :",
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              "question": "Who uses William's judgment to describe the first amendment and its limitations on legislation?",
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          "context": ", Anatolia , utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages . At Çatal höyük , houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals . , long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed . Elaborate tombs were built for the dead . These tombs are particularly numerous in Ireland , where there are many thousand still in existence . , henges , flint mines and cursus monuments . It was also important to figure out ways of preserving food for future months , such as fashioning relatively airtight containers , and using substances like salt as preservatives .",
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              "original_question": "Where do thousands of early tombs still exist?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-608_s",
          "context": ", the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn -LRB- until then a separate city -RRB- , the County of New York -LRB- which then included parts of the Bronx -RRB- , the County of Richmond , and the western portion of the County of Queens . The opening of the subway in 1904 , first built as separate private systems , helped bind the new city together . , the city became a world center for industry , commerce , and communication .",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the subway begin operation?"
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          "context": ". , wrote in 2007 , that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms , saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments . In 2008 , L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements , responding that `` it is categorically untrue '' , and in 2013 , and according to Vogue requested that only `` natural pictures be used '' .",
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          "context": "This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951 . The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico 's electorate , the U.S. Congress . In addition , the rights .",
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              "original_question": "When was the Puerto Rican constitution written?"
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          "context": ". It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates . The Rev. Michael J. Shea , a 1904 graduate , wrote the music , and his brother , John F. Shea , wrote the original lyrics . The chorus is , `` Cheer cheer for old Notre Dame , wake up the echos cheering her name . Send a volley cheer on high , shake down the thunder from the sky ! What though the odds be great or small , old Notre Dame will win over all . While her loyal sons are marching , onward to victory ! ''",
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          "context": "The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria . In the late sixteenth century , originally a Ming vassal , began organizing Jurchen clans into `` Banners '' , military-social units . Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity , the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu people . By 1636 , his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty , the Qing . In 1644 . Rather than serve them . -- 1722 -RRB- . While the early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their official title was Emperor they were known as khans to the Mongols and patronized Tibetan Buddhism , they governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government . They retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus . They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in international relations , the Qing so-called internal foreign policy closely resembled colonial policy and control .",
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          "context": "In the 1950s . , with many directed by Jack Arnold . , although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become .",
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          "context": "In 1609 , the Dutch East India Company . He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River , also called the Mauritis River , and now known as the Hudson River , to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary . When the river narrowed and was no longer saline , he realized it was not a maritime passage and sailed back downriver . He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for his employer . In 1614 , the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay would be claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland -LRB- New Netherland -RRB- .",
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          "context": "For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings , formerly Governor-General of Bengal , that resulted in the trial during 1786 . For two decades prior to the impeachment , Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue . This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation . In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs -- from that point until the end of the trial . This committee was charged `` to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal , the war with Hyder Ali , and other Indian difficulties '' . While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters , a second ` secret ' committee was formed to assess the same issues . Both committee reports were written by Burke . Among other purposes , along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings . This was Burke 's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices . When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report , Burke described the Indian issue as one that `` began ` in commerce ' but ` ended in empire . ' ''",
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          "context": "There was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty . It was established before the fall of the Ming , but it became mature only after 1661 , following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son , the Kangxi Emperor . The department 's original purpose was to manage the internal affairs of the imperial family and the activities of the inner palace -LRB- in which tasks it largely replaced eunuchs -RRB- , engaged in trading activities -LRB- jade , ginseng , salt , furs , etc. -RRB- , managed textile factories in the Jiangnan region , and even published books . Relations with the Salt Superintendents and salt merchants , were particularly lucrative , especially since they were direct , and did not go through absorptive layers of bureaucracy . The department was manned by booi , -LSB- o -RSB- or `` bondservants , '' from the Upper Three Banners . By the 19th century , it managed the activities of at least 56 subagencies .",
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          "context": ", when it ruled China proper -LRB- eighteen provinces -RRB- as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China , Inner Mongolia , Outer Mongolia , Xinjiang and Tibet , at approximately 13 million km2 in size . There were originally 18 provinces , all of which in China proper , but later this number was increased to 22 , with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces . Taiwan , originally part of Fujian province , but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War . In addition , many surrounding countries , such as Korea -LRB- Joseon dynasty -RRB- , Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period .",
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              "question": "When did Japan take over Taiwan?",
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          "context": "The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday . , ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath . , not Friday . , that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic .",
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          "context": "The result was a sequence of innovative but unpopular financial measures . , as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs . In many cases these were levied in the absence of any actual military campaign , which ran counter to the original idea that scutage was an alternative to actual military service . John maximised his right to demand relief payments when estates and castles were inherited , sometimes charging enormous sums , beyond barons ' abilities to pay . Building on the successful sale of sheriff appointments in 1194 , John initiated a new round of appointments , with the new incumbents making back their investment through increased fines and penalties , particularly in the forests . Another innovation of Richard 's , increased charges levied on widows who wished to remain single , was expanded under John . John continued to sell charters for new towns , including the planned town of Liverpool , and charters were sold for markets across the kingdom and in Gascony . -LSB- nb 11 -RSB- The king introduced new taxes and extended existing ones . The Jews , protected only by the king , were subject to huge taxes ; much of it was passed on to the Christian debtors of Jewish moneylenders . -- effectively a version of a modern income tax -- that produced £ 60,000 ; he created a new set of import and export duties payable directly to the crown . John found that these measures enabled him to raise further resources through the confiscation of the lands of barons who could not pay or refused to pay .",
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          "context": "Following the earthquake , progressive dictator . As his power grew , his enemies increased in number , and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent . The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro were implicated and executed after a quick trial . The Jesuits were expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown . , even women and children . This was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy .",
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          "context": "Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press , not all of which were entirely true . As Kelvin MacKenzie , told his staff . Do n't worry if it 's not true -- so long as there 's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards . '' : `` The royal soap opera has now reached such a pitch of public interest that the boundary between fact and fiction has been lost sight of ... it is not just that some papers do n't check their facts or accept denials : they do n't care if the stories are true or not . '' It was reported , most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986 , a series of riots , the violence of a miners ' strike . Belying reports of acrimony between them , and the Queen gave two honours in her personal gift -- membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter .",
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          "context": "During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism , much of London passing from church to private ownership . The traffic in woollen cloths shipped undyed and undressed from London to the nearby shores of the Low Countries , where it was considered indispensable . But the tentacles of English maritime enterprise hardly extended beyond the seas of north-west Europe . The commercial route to Italy and the Mediterranean Sea normally lay through Antwerp and over the Alps ; any ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to or from England were likely to be Italian or Ragusan . Upon the re-opening of the Netherlands to English shipping in January 1565 , there ensued a strong outburst of commercial activity . The Royal Exchange was founded . Mercantilism grew , and monopoly trading companies such as the East India Company were established , with trade expanding to the New World . London became the principal North Sea port , with migrants arriving from England and abroad .",
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          "context": "In Europe and Australia , the system was released to two separate marketing regions . One region consisted of most of mainland Europe -LRB- excluding Italy -RRB- , and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies . Most of this region saw a 1986 release . Mattel handled distribution for the other region , consisting of the United Kingdom , Ireland , Canada , Italy , Australia and New Zealand , starting the following year .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is in charge of sales in other regions?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mattel",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
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              "original_question": "Who handled distribution in the other region?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13877_s",
          "context": "Throughout the history of the South Slavs , the vernacular , literary , and written languages -LRB- e.g. Chakavian , Kajkavian , Shtokavian -RRB- of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently . Prior to the 19th century , they were collectively called `` Illyric '' , `` Slavic '' , `` Slavonian '' , `` Bosnian '' , `` Dalmatian '' , `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' . As such , popularized by the Vienna philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades , and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859 . At that time , Serb and Croat lands were still part of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires . Officially , the language was called variously Serbo-Croat , Croato-Serbian , Serbian and Croatian , Croatian and Serbian , Serbian or Croatian , Croatian or Serbian . Unofficially , Serbs and Croats typically called the language `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' , respectively , without implying a distinction between the two , and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina , `` Bosnian '' , `` Croatian '' , and `` Serbian '' were considered to be three names of a single official language . , claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European , but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits -LRB- ` Bosnian ' and ` Montenegrin ' -RRB- . Today , use of the term `` Serbo-Croatian '' is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match . It is still used for lack of a succinct alternative , though alternative names have been used , such as Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian -LRB- BCS -RRB- , which is often seen in political contexts such as the Hague War Crimes tribunal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dalibor brozović",
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            {
              "id": "572852b53acd2414000df90c_s",
              "question": "Who promoted serbo Croatian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jernej Kopitar",
                  "answer_start": 447
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who popularized the term Serbo-Croatian?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18826_s",
          "context": "When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, \"The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting.\"",
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            {
              "id": "57361c8f012e2f140011a1b2_s",
              "question": "When did the hunt begin?",
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                  "answer_start": 40
                }
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              "original_question": "When was this type of hunting introduced?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10041_s",
          "context": "Various music journalists , critical theorists , and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time . , Madonna has transcended the term ` pop star ' to become a global cultural icon . '' , years before the Internet was massively used . Madonna was everywhere ; in the almighty music television channels , ` radio formulas ' , magazine covers and even in bookshops . A pop dialectic , never seen since The Beatles 's reign , which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality . '' : Women Writers on the Queen of Pop -LRB- 2012 -RRB- wrote that `` really , Madonna changed everything the musical landscape , the '80s look du jour , and most significantly , what a mainstream female pop star could -LRB- and could n't -RRB- say , do , or accomplish in the public eye . '' , has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to . '' , the likes of which we will never see again .",
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            {
              "id": "5726fda6dd62a815002e971a_s",
              "question": "Who is the most influential recording artist in history?",
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                  "text": "Madonna",
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              "original_question": "Who is the most influential recording artist of all time?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13885_s",
          "context": ". This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book . Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language , with four standard variants spoken in Serbia , Croatia , Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina . The mutual intelligibility between their speakers `` exceeds that between the standard variants of English , French , German , or Spanish '' . Other linguists have argued that the differences between the variants of Serbo-Croatian are less significant than those between the variants of English , German , , Dutch .",
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            {
              "id": "572998533f37b319004784cf_s",
              "question": "Who believes that serbo Croatian is a multicentric language?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Bunčić",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who concluded that Serbo-Croatian is a pluricentric language?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13248_s",
          "context": ". The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600 . He erected several large monuments , the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra , Agra , the Red Fort , the Jama Masjid , Delhi , and the Lahore Fort . The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji . Historian Sir . , `` All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now , but in reality all was lost . '' : `` The Deccan proved to be the graveyard not only of Aurangzeb 's body but also of his empire '' .",
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            "aurangzeb",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728a76a2ca10214002da536_s",
              "question": "Who ruled the Mughal Empire to the greatest extent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aurangzeb",
                  "answer_start": 312
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During whose reign did the Mughal Empire reach its greatest expanse?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14994_s",
          "context": "In his sophomore year , and a year later he served as President of the Union . Amongst his influential teachers in this period was Professor H. Bradford Westerfield . , such as the civil rights movement and the New Frontier program .",
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            "the day",
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            {
              "id": "572a9989111d821400f38c35_s",
              "question": "Who is Kerry's most influential professor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "H. Bradford Westerfield",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Kerry's most influential professor?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1277_s",
          "context": ", one of the early favorites , and Kelly Clarkson . Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender , but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds , and eventually won the crown on September 4 , 2002 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "franklin",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db07fae7c41114004b4c89_s",
              "question": "Who won the first season of American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kelly Clarkson",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the first season of American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5375_s",
          "context": "Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term \"bugs\" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdf33b19033b140034cdf7_s",
              "question": "When was Howard Mark II of grace hopper cut short by moths?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1947",
                  "answer_start": 233
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17882_s",
          "context": "The Guangxu Emperor died on November 14 , 1908 , and on November 15 , 1908 . , and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse . , the oldest son of Zaifeng , Prince Chun , was appointed successor at the age of two . Nonetheless , this cabinet was also known by contemporaries as `` The Royal Cabinet '' because among the thirteen cabinet members . The Wuchang Uprising of October 10 , 1911 , led to the creation of a new central government , the Republic of China . Many provinces soon began `` separating '' from Qing control . Seeing a desperate situation unfold . After taking the position of Prime Minister and creating his own cabinet . This removal later proceeded with directions from Empress Dowager Longyu .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "zaifeng",
            "sun yat-sen",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314f09497a881900248d9d_s",
              "question": "Who rules Guangxu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Chun",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled after Guangxu?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7614_s",
          "context": "With Elizabeth 's accession , it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband 's name , becoming the House of Mountbatten , in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband 's surname on marriage . The British Prime Minister , Winston Churchill , and Elizabeth 's grandmother , Queen Mary , favoured the retention of the House of Windsor . The Duke complained , `` I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children . '' In 1960 , the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth 's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fea6c80d9841400ab371b_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth order that the family name be montbarton Windsor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth decree the use of Mountbatten-Windsor as the  surname? "
            }
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15537_s",
          "context": ", Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer . He headed up the production team for several cartoons , including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures , Animaniacs , Pinky and the Brain , Toonsylvania , and Freakazoid ! , for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger . Due to his work on these series , in the official titles , most of them say , `` Steven Spielberg presents '' as well as making numerous cameos on the shows . Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features , An American Tail and The Land Before Time , which were released by Universal Studios . He also served as one of the executive producers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and its three related shorts -LRB- Tummy Trouble , Roller Coaster Rabbit , Trail Mix-Up -RRB- , which were all released by Disney , under both the Walt Disney Pictures and the Touchstone Pictures banners . He was furthermore , for a short time , the executive producer of the long-running medical drama ER . , he brought the concept of The Dig to LucasArts . He contributed to the project from that time until 1995 when the game was released . He also collaborated with software publishers Knowledge Adventure on the multimedia game Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair . Spielberg appears , as himself , in the game to direct the player . The Spielberg name provided branding for a Lego Moviemaker kit , the proceeds of which went to the Starbright Foundation .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c48ae17f3d14004223b4_s",
              "question": "When was excavation published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 1089
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Dig' released?"
            }
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        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-320_s",
          "context": "Nevertheless , the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority . Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials , their status was not as well defined . -- 1320 -RRB- . , `` he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials , yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols . '' And `` in governing China , he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects , but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement . His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign . , on the other hand , upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers , or chakravartin . , '' citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56ccf53362d2951400fa6500_s",
              "question": "Who has gained a higher status than most Han Chinese?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mongols and other ethnicities",
                  "answer_start": 61
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was granted higher status than the Han Chinese majority?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17843_s",
          "context": ", against fiscal collapse , and against a series of peasant rebellions . They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor . In April 1644 , the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng , a former minor Ming official , who established a short-lived Shun dynasty . The last Ming ruler , committed suicide when the city fell , marking the official end of the dynasty .",
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              "id": "57312bb0497a881900248bfd_s",
              "question": "Who attacked Beijing in 1644?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Li Zicheng",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who raided Beijing in 1644?"
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          ]
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6585_s",
          "context": ". The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons , and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails , especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail . The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field , despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home .",
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            {
              "id": "570b47b6ec8fbc190045b95a_s",
              "question": "When did the United States bomb Hanoi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1972",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US start bombing Hanoi?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9338_s",
          "context": "The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII. International Congress of Photography (German: Internationaler Kongreß für wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographie) held in Dresden from August 3 to 8, 1931.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726428438643c19005ad3b3_s",
              "question": "Where did the eighth find it? International Photography conference?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dresden",
                  "answer_start": 646
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15016_s",
          "context": "On April 18 , 1985 , Daniel Ortega . Though Ortega had won internationally certified elections , the trip was criticized because Ortega and his leftist Sandinista government had strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses . While in Nicaragua . Through the senators . , but Kerry said `` I am willing ... . to take the risk in the effort to put to test the good faith of the Sandinistas . '' , but Ortega flew to Moscow to accept a $ 200 million loan the next day .",
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            {
              "id": "572abd76111d821400f38d17_s",
              "question": "Who did Kerry visit in Nicaragua?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Ortega",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kerry visit in Nicaragua?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15121_s",
          "context": ". The ideas of pragmatism , in its various forms , developed mainly from discussions between Charles Sanders Peirce and William James when both men were at Harvard in the 1870s . James popularized the term `` pragmatism '' , giving Peirce full credit for its patrimony , but Peirce later demurred from the tangents that the movement was taking , and redubbed what he regarded as the original idea with the name of `` pragmaticism '' . Along with its pragmatic theory of truth , this perspective integrates the basic insights of empirical -LRB- experience-based -RRB- and rational -LRB- concept-based -RRB- thinking .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572b42f9be1ee31400cb82d4_s",
              "question": "When did pierce and James meet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 1870s",
                  "answer_start": 164
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              "original_question": "When did Peirce and James meet?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13402_s",
          "context": "In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, \"What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not.\" He begins to define time by what it is not rather than what it is, an approach similar to that taken in other negative definitions. However, Augustine ends up calling time a “distention” of the mind (Confessions 11.26) by which we simultaneously grasp the past in memory, the present by attention, and the future by expectation.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572803422ca10214002d9b74_s",
              "question": "Who commented on his type of time in volume 11?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "St. Augustine of Hippo",
                  "answer_start": 31
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commented on the nature of time in Book 11 of his confessions?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16656_s",
          "context": ", the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires . , Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire , while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule . During World War I , Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide . , after the Russian Revolution , all non-Russian countries declared their independence from the Russian empire , leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia . By 1920 , the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic . , the Transcaucasian state was dissolved , transforming its constituent states , including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic , into full Union republics .",
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            {
              "id": "572f7d20947a6a140053c9b7_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia become part of the Soviet Union's Socialist Federal Republic of the Transcaucasia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1920",
                  "answer_start": 637
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18025_s",
          "context": "Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature . Indeed , that is , the book . It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt . Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature , and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East . The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular . Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature . Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi , well known for her feminist activism , and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "today",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731e314e17f3d1400422500_s",
              "question": "When was the first modern novel by monamed Warne hekal published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1913",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2576_s",
          "context": ", the United States began developing a new generation of reusable orbital spacecraft known as the Space Shuttle , and launched a range of unmanned probes . The USSR continued to develop space station technology with the Salyut program and Mir -LRB- ` Peace ' or ` World ' , depending on the context -RRB- space station , supported by Soyuz spacecraft . They developed their own large space shuttle under the Buran program . However , the USSR dissolved in 1991 and the remains of its space program were distributed to various Eastern European countries . The United States and Russia would work together in space with the Shuttle -- Mir Program , and again with the International Space Station .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e11222e3433e1400422b9a_s",
              "question": "When did the Soviet Union break up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 456
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the USSR disband?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15848_s",
          "context": ". On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion -LRB- as it turned out , indefinitely -RRB- rather than gamble Germany 's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation . In the last days of the battle , the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters . But their operations were to no avail ; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October .",
          "c_entity": [
            "luftwaffe",
            "göring",
            "raf",
            "joseph stalin",
            "hitler"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffa51947a6a140053ced5_s",
              "question": "Who wants to lure the air force into battle with their bombers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "RAF",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-310_s",
          "context": "In 1368 . Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty -- 1398 -RRB- . It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects , but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty . Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler , sending envoys out in the winter of 1372 -- 1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kham",
            "zhu yuanzhang",
            "hongwu emperor",
            "mongol yuan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc5e026d243a140015ef3e_s",
              "question": "Who is the emperor of Hong Kong?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhu Yuanzhang",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10030_s",
          "context": "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them . They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses . This would later raise Madonna 's interest in poetry . Later , Madonna commented : `` We were all wounded in one way or another by -LSB- her death -RSB- , and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else . The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something . If I had n't had that emptiness , I would n't have been so driven . Her death had a lot to do with me saying -- after I got over my heartache -- I 'm going to be really strong if I ca n't have my mother . I 'm going to take care of myself . '' , no doubt because of the devastation she felt , Madonna would never again allow herself , or even her daughter , to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died . `` Her death had taught -LSB- Madonna -RSB- a valuable lesson , that she would have to remain strong for herself because , she feared weakness -- particularly her own -- and wanted to be the queen of her own castle . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "madonna",
            "sylvia plath",
            "anne sexton",
            "taraborrelli"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f6ce708984140094d72a_s",
              "question": "Who does Madonna look like her mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "poet Anne Sexton",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who does Madonna's mum resemble?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4431_s",
          "context": "In 1968 , Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets . In April 1969 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "czechoslovakia",
            "yugoslavia",
            "prague"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f60daef2371900625cf4_s",
              "question": "Where did Tito Dubcek send it in 1968?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prague",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4625_s",
          "context": "In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the \"father of the ice-age concept\" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.",
          "c_entity": [
            "louis agassiz"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8928baef23719006261be_s",
              "question": "Who noticed the serious erosion of the mountains?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Agassiz",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6595_s",
          "context": "-- as indeed did every major navy . The old sailing ships were replaced by modern steel battleships , bringing them in line with the navies of Britain and Germany . In 1907 , with several support vessels , dubbed the Great White Fleet , were featured in a 14-month circumnavigation of the world . Ordered by President Theodore Roosevelt .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "alfred thayer mahan"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b53996b8089140040f881_s",
              "question": "Who ordered the fleet to sail around the world?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Theodore Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 308
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered this fleet to sail around the world?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4003_s",
          "context": "Notable alumni include , Lou Montulli .",
          "c_entity": [
            "alan mulally",
            "netscape",
            "brian mcclendon",
            "standard oil",
            "ford motor company",
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            "charles e. spahr",
            "lou montulli"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7915837bdd419002c415e_s",
              "question": "Who is associated with web browser as a university student?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lou Montulli",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which person associated with web browsers was a student at KU?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8224_s",
          "context": "In general , Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women , dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them , to form their own grand council , recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite . While they were not , therefore , recognised as regular , they were part of Freemasonry `` in general '' . The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "1899",
            "the 1890s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266813708984140094c4fd_s",
              "question": "When did the French start building houses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1890s",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4276_s",
          "context": "The River Test runs along the western border of the city . , including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north . The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places . The northernmost bridge , and the first to be built , is at Mansbridge , where the A27 road crosses the Itchen . The original bridge is closed to road traffic , but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists . , and was never a toll bridge . The southernmost , and newest , which is a toll bridge .",
          "c_entity": [
            "southampton",
            "cobden bridge",
            "itchen bridge",
            "woodmill bridge",
            "swaythling",
            "cobden free bridge",
            "new forest",
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            "mansbridge",
            "united kingdom",
            "railway bridge",
            "northam"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f89289a6d7ea1400e1776e_s",
              "question": "Where was the first bridge built on the iqden river?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mansbridge",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16972_s",
          "context": "On 20 October 1944 the U.S. Sixth Army , supported by naval and air bombardment , landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte , north of Mindanao . The U.S. Sixth Army continued its advance from the east , as the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the Ormoc Bay area on the western side of the island . While the Sixth Army was reinforced successfully , the U.S. Fifth Air Force was able to devastate the Japanese attempts to resupply . In torrential rains and over difficult terrain , the advance continued across Leyte and the neighboring island of Samar to the north . , after a major land and air battle , cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and supply Leyte . , the U.S. Army was in control .",
          "c_entity": [
            "months",
            "7 december",
            "20 october 1944"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323c0ce99e3014001e65bc_s",
              "question": "When did the Sixth Army land on the east coast of Wright?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20 October 1944",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the U.S. Sixth Army land on the eastern shore of Leyte?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7266_s",
          "context": "Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC . The city is situated on the banks of the Turia , on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula , fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea . Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain , with approximately 169 hectares ; this heritage of ancient monuments , views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country 's most popular tourist destinations . Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral , the Torres de Serrans , the Torres de Quart , and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències -LRB- City of Arts and Sciences -RRB- , an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela . , including works by Velázquez , El Greco , and Goya , as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi . The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern -LRB- Valencian Institute of Modern Art -RRB- houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1996",
            "138 bc",
            "the 18th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d66c6fed7b91900d45fef_s",
              "question": "When was Valencia founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "138 BC",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Valencia's founding?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16998_s",
          "context": "In addition to Virginia and Confederate government offices and hospitals , a railroad hub , and one of the South 's largest slave markets , Richmond had the largest factory in the Confederacy , which turned out artillery and other munitions , the world 's first ironclad used in war , as well as much of the Confederates ' heavy ordnance machinery . , with the Confederacy 's executive mansion , located two blocks away . The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862 , during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "css virginia",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57342891d058e614000b6a5e_s",
              "question": "Who is in command of the federal army in these seven days of fighting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "McClellan",
                  "answer_start": 516
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commanded the Union armies during the Seven Days Battles?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11165_s",
          "context": "Russia had previously obtained recognition from the Ottoman Empire of the Tsar's role as special guardian of the Orthodox Christians in Moldavia and Wallachia. Now Russia used the Sultan's failure to resolve the issue of the protection of the Christian sites in the Holy Land as a pretext for Russian occupation of these Danubian provinces. Nicholas believed that the European powers, especially Austria, would not object strongly to the annexation of a few neighbouring Ottoman provinces, especially considering that Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution in 1849.",
          "c_entity": [
            "nicholas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ceaa5951b619008f7e95_s",
              "question": "Who knows that Europe will not oppose the accession of neighboring Ottoman province?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas",
                  "answer_start": 341
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt Europe would not object to the joining of neighboring Ottoman provinces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16107_s",
          "context": "Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion . '' Later writers have expanded this test , attempting to define power in terms of overall military , economic , and political capacity . Kenneth Waltz , the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations , uses a set of five criteria to determine great power : population and territory ; resource endowment ; economic capability ; political stability and competence ; and military strength . These expanded criteria can be divided into three heads : power capabilities , spatial aspects , and status .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a. j. p. taylor",
            "kenneth waltz"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572eac98c246551400ce44c0_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of the new realism theory of international relations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kenneth Waltz",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5015_s",
          "context": "; deterrence related programmes ; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international ; and those where production contracts are already signed . The report also cites concerns over potential cuts in the defence science and technology research budget ; implications of inappropriate estimation of Defence Inflation within budgetary processes ; and a general concern over striking the appropriate balance over a short-term focus -LRB- Current Operations -RRB- and long-term consequences of failure to invest in the delivery of future UK defence capabilities on future combatants and campaigns . The then Secretary of State for Defence , Bob Ainsworth MP , reinforced this reprioritisation of focus on current operations and had not ruled out `` major shifts '' in defence spending . In the same article the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff , acknowledged that there was not enough money within the defence budget and it is preparing itself for tough decisions and the potential for cutbacks . The MoD has been investing in IT to cut costs and improve services for its personnel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon brown",
            "mark stanhope",
            "kevin o'donoghue",
            "equipment programme",
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            "defence equipment",
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            "defence committee",
            "bob ainsworth",
            "defence materiel"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f97e179b226e1400dd14bc_s",
              "question": "Who was the defense minister in 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bob Ainsworth MP",
                  "answer_start": 657
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4014_s",
          "context": ". Under former athletic director Lew Perkins . The additional funds brought improvements to the university , including :",
          "c_entity": [
            "allen fieldhouse",
            "ku",
            "nike",
            "adidas",
            "espn regional television",
            "sheahon zenger",
            "lew perkins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e79c8637bdd419002c4222_s",
              "question": "Who will replace Zeng Ge as the head of the Department of physical education?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lew Perkins",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Zenger replace as athletic director at KU?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11166_s",
          "context": "The European powers continued to pursue diplomatic avenues . The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers -- the United Kingdom , France , Austria and Prussia -- met in Vienna , where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans . The note met with the approval of Nicholas I ; however , feeling that the document 's poor phrasing left it open to many different interpretations . The United Kingdom , France , and Austria united in proposing amendments to mollify the Sultan , but the court of St. Petersburg ignored their suggestions. : 143 The UK and France then set aside the idea of continuing negotiations , but Austria and Prussia did not believe that the rejection of the proposed amendments justified the abandonment of the diplomatic process .",
          "c_entity": [
            "count karl von buol",
            "nicholas",
            "abdülmecid"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726df6d708984140094d43f_s",
              "question": "Who approved count Karl von Boer's proposal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicholas I",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who approved the proposal given by Count Karl von Buol ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8605_s",
          "context": ". The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888 , and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur . The new building of the School of Arts and Trades . , the village of Peñarol was founded . , the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1890",
            "1892"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bdfa271a42140099d111_s",
              "question": "When did it start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1888",
                  "answer_start": 48
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Hipodromo de Maronas start operating?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8194_s",
          "context": "In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.",
          "c_entity": [
            "albert pike"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724eebf0a492a190043567b_s",
              "question": "Who does Protestant anti Masonic think is the absolute authority to use mysticism, Satanism and mysticism in free masonry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Pike",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18642_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute , in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial . After Heine 's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected , allegedly for anti-Semitic motives , a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet -LRB- 1797 , his incensed German-American admirers , including Carl Schurz , started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan , at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street . However , this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism , aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1797",
            "1856",
            "1838"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326a2be17f3d140042296b_s",
              "question": "When was Heine born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1797",
                  "answer_start": 268
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Heine born?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6369_s",
          "context": ", but struggled to find the right manager . Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success , while his successor , Mike Walker , was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date . ; his first game in charge was a 2 -- 0 victory over derby rivals Liverpool . Royle dragged Everton clear of relegation , leading the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history , defeating Manchester United 1 -- 0 in the final .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "1994",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a7f606d058f1900182ebb_s",
              "question": "When did Howard Kendall return to coach Everton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Howard Kendall return to manage Everton?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13212_s",
          "context": ", and Mujavats . Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism , and two of India 's greatest empires , originated from Magadha . These empires saw advancements in ancient India 's science , mathematics , astronomy , religion , and philosophy and were considered the Indian `` Golden Age '' . Villages had their own assemblies under their local chiefs called Gramakas . Their administrations were divided into executive , judicial , and military functions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gupta empire",
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            "atharva-veda",
            "rajakumara",
            "gandharis",
            "magadha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57285a053acd2414000df941_s",
              "question": "Where are the origins of Mauria and Gupta?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Magadha",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the location origin of the Maurya and Gupta empires?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7109_s",
          "context": "Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him. His initial team would eventually consist of himself, Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble. The rest of the original Mac team would include Bill Atkinson, Bob Belleville, Steve Capps, George Crow, Donn Denman, Chris Espinosa, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Susan Kare, Larry Kenyon, and Caroline Rose with Steve Jobs leading the project.",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 1979"
          ],
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            {
              "id": "570d0654b3d812140066d3a7_s",
              "question": "When was Ruskin hired by apple?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 1979",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Raskin hired by Apple?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16090_s",
          "context": "Moses , in 7:143 , comes the way of those who are in love , he asks for a vision but his desire is denied , he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God . The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God 's manifestation upon the mountain . In Qushayri 's words , Moses came like thousands of men who traveled great distances , and there was nothing left to Moses of Moses . In that state of annihilation from himself , Moses was granted the unveiling of the realities . From the Sufi point of view , God is the always the beloved and the wayfarer 's longing and suffering lead to realization of the truths .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ec43bdfa6aa1500f8d368_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that Moses lost him on his way to God?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Qushayri",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that Moses had lost the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4659_s",
          "context": ", Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys . In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1798",
            "early 19th century",
            "the late 18th century",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f15_s",
              "question": "When was the Greek Republic founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1798",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Helvetic Republic established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11151_s",
          "context": "Frustrated by the wasted effort , and with demands for action from their citizens , the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula . After extended preparations , the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles . The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed . A second counterattack , ordered personally by Nicholas , was defeated by Omar Pasha . The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides . Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic , the Caucasus , the White Sea and in the North Pacific .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who defeated Nicholas in the battle of Balaclava?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Omar Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 558
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated Nicholas's second counter strike at the Battle of Balaclava?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-947_s",
          "context": "As the King 's confidence in de Melo increased , the King entrusted him with more control of the state . By 1755 , Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister . Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador , he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal . He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India ; reorganized the army and the navy , and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal .",
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              "question": "Who abolished slavery in Portugal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sebastião de Melo",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who abolished slavery in Portugal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6233_s",
          "context": "Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish \"naisvoimistelu\". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cdf17fed7b91900d45a43_s",
              "question": "When was badminton founded in meituan gymnastics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 871
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10787_s",
          "context": ": `` Made many extracts from Burke -- sometimes almost divine '' . : `` I have now finished reading again most of Burke 's works . Admirable ! . , including his views on prejudice . The Cobdenite Radical Francis Hirst thought Burke deserved `` a place among English libertarians , even though of all lovers of liberty and of all reformers he was the most conservative , the least abstract , always anxious to preserve and renovate rather than to innovate . In politics he resembled the modern architect who would restore an old house instead of pulling it down to construct a new one on the site '' . Burke 's Reflections on the Revolution in France was controversial at the time of its publication , but after his death , it was to become his best known and most influential work , and a manifesto for Conservative thinking .",
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              "id": "5726b783dd62a815002e8ddc_s",
              "question": "Who would have thought Burke would decorate the old house like an architect rather than tear it down?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Francis Hirst",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought Burke was like an architect remodeling an old house instead of tearing it down?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9862_s",
          "context": "The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies . British attention soon turned towards Asia , Africa , and the Pacific . Unchallenged at sea , British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica -LRB- `` British Peace '' -RRB- . , the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain . The British Empire expanded to include India , large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . Domestically , political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise . , the population increased at a dramatic rate , accompanied by rapid urbanisation , causing significant social and economic stresses . To seek new markets and sources of raw materials , the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt , South Africa , and elsewhere . Canada , Australia , and New Zealand became self-governing dominions .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did the thirteen colonies become independent of England?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1783",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2262_s",
          "context": "As a division within the BBC , until its name reverted to Television in 2013 . It is responsible for the commissioning , producing , scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC 's television channels , and is led by Danny Cohen .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56de86914396321400ee29f9_s",
              "question": "When does the BBC's TV program change back to the BBC's?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9999_s",
          "context": "In 2000 , Madonna starred in the film The Next Best Thing , and contributed two songs to the film 's soundtrack . She released her eighth studio album , Music , in September 2000 . It featured elements from the electronica-inspired Ray of Light era , and like its predecessor , received acclaim from critics . Collaborating with French producer Mirwais Ahmadzaï , Madonna commented : `` I love to work with the weirdos that no one knows about -- the people who have raw talent and who are making music unlike anyone else out there . '' Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic felt that `` Music blows by in a kaleidoscopic rush of color , technique , style and substance . It has so many depth and layers that it 's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light . '' . In the U.S. , Music debuted at the top . It produced three singles : the Hot 100 number one `` Music '' , `` Do n't Tell Me '' , and `` What It Feels Like for a Girl '' . The music video of `` What It Feels Like for a Girl '' depicted Madonna committing acts of crime and vandalism , and was banned by MTV and VH1 .",
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              "question": "When was music published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "September 2000",
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              "original_question": "When was \"Music\" released?"
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          "context": "Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhone au Rhine, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly.",
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              "question": "When was the brusch canal built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1682",
                  "answer_start": 163
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Canal de la Bruche added? "
            }
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        {
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          "context": "The MDNA Tour , which further promoted the album , began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv , Israel . The tour has received positive critical reception , but featured controversial subjects such as violence , firearms , human rights , nudity and politics . Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour . It was a box office success with a gross of $ 305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows , and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time . At the 2013 Billboard Music Awards , Madonna won three trophies for Top Touring Artist , Top Dance Artist and Top Dance Album . Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes , earning an estimated $ 125 million , due to the success of the tour .",
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              "question": "Who nominated Madonna as the celebrity of the year?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Forbes",
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              "original_question": "Who named Madonna as the top-earning celebrity of the year?"
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          "context": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris . Thereafter , during the last 18 years of his life , he gave only some 30 public performances , preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon . He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano , for which he was in high demand . In 1835 he obtained French citizenship . A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838 -- 39 was one of his most productive periods of composition . In his last years , he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling , who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848 . Through most of his life . He died in Paris in 1849 , probably of tuberculosis .",
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              "id": "56cf5734aab44d1400b8907d_s",
              "question": "Who supported him financially in the last years of his life?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "In the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially?"
            }
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          "context": "The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala , in the heart of Ciudad Vieja . , during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture . It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943 , along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum ; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site . The Decorative Arts Museum has an important collection of European paintings and decorative arts , ancient Greek and Roman art and Islamic ceramics of the 10th . The palace is often used as a meeting place by the Uruguayan government .",
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              "question": "Where is taranco palace?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the heart of Ciudad Vieja",
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              "original_question": "Where is the Palacio Taranco located?"
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          "context": ". The town grew , and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built . , who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean , entered the province in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army and besieged the city beginning in 1092 . By the time the siege ended in May 1094 , he had carved out his own fiefdom -- which he ruled from 15 June 1094 to July 1099 . This victory was immortalised in the Lay of the Cid . During his rule . El Cid was killed in July 1099 while defending the city from an Almoravid siege , whereupon his wife Ximena Díaz ruled in his place for two years .",
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              "id": "570d6bb6b3d812140066d8c3_s",
              "question": "Who took over his post after elseed's death?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Ximena Díaz",
                  "answer_start": 572
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who took El Cid's position after his death?"
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          "context": "John 's position in France was considerably strengthened by the victory at Mirebeau , but John 's treatment of his new prisoners and of his ally , William de Roches , quickly undermined these gains . De Roches was a powerful Anjou noble , but John largely ignored him , causing considerable offence , whilst the king kept the rebel leaders in such bad conditions that twenty-two of them died . At this time most of the regional nobility were closely linked through kinship , and this behaviour towards their relatives was regarded as unacceptable . John 's financial situation was tenuous : once factors such as the comparative military costs of materiel and soldiers were taken into account , Philip enjoyed a considerable , although not overwhelming , advantage of resources over John . -LSB- nb 6 -RSB-",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Who left John to Philip?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William de Roches",
                  "answer_start": 147
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who deserted John in favor of Philip?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17561_s",
          "context": "Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau . The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau . The Nivaga III and Manu Folau provide round trip visits to the outer islands every three or four weeks . In 2015 the United Nations Development Program -LRB- UNDP -RRB- assisted the government of Tuvalu to acquire MV Talamoana , a 30-metre vessel that will be used to implement Tuvalu 's National Adaptation Programme of Action -LRB- NAPA -RRB- to transport government officials and project personnel to the outer islands . ; it replaced the Nivaga II , which had serviced Tuvalu from 1989 .",
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              "question": "Where is Tuvalu's only port?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Funafuti",
                  "answer_start": 0
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Tuvalu's only port?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-448_s",
          "context": ", yet connected , worlds . In A Link to the Past , Link travels between a `` Light World '' and a `` Dark World '' ; in Ocarina of Time , as well as in Oracle of Ages , Link travels between two different time periods . It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf , much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past . , and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku . Takano created the script for the story scenes . When he returned , he found the Twilight Princess team struggling . Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link 's character unbelievable . , which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS . At the same time , the Wii was under development with the code name `` Revolution '' . , the Wii Remote , was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda . -LSB- n -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56d12e4a17492d1400aabb8b_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the script for the plot?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mitsuhiro Takano",
                  "answer_start": 411
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the script for the story scenes?"
            }
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        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15108_s",
          "context": "The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei -LRB- ca. 1520 , father of Galileo and the inventor of monody , made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems , firstly , of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments , and to volume of air in wind instruments ; and secondly to composition , by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna -LRB- Florence . The Italian word he used for `` experiment '' was esperienza . It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo , his eldest son -LRB- cf. Coelho , ed . Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei -RRB- , arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history . Vincenzo , through his tuning research , found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of ` Pythagoras ' hammers ' -LRB- the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals , not the actual numbers , as believed -RRB- , and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities , a radically empirical attitude developed , passed on to Galileo , which regarded `` experience and demonstration '' as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "572b345c111d821400f38dc8_s",
              "question": "When was Vincent Galilee born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "ca. 1520",
                  "answer_start": 88
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Vincenzo Galilei born?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10636_s",
          "context": ", Augustus Welby Pugin , is an example of the Gothic revival style from its earlier period in the second quarter of the 19th century . , Oxford . From the second half of the 19th century onwards it became more common in Britain for neo-Gothic to be used in the design of non-ecclesiastical and non-governmental buildings types . Gothic details even began to appear in working-class housing schemes subsidised by philanthropy , though given the expense , less frequently than in the design of upper and middle-class housing .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5726d5d3708984140094d2d4_s",
              "question": "Who is the interior architect of the parliament building?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Augustus Welby Pugin",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the interior architect of the Houses of Parliament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10563_s",
          "context": "Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans . This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims , as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano , who came from Italy predicating Holy War . The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory . However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos . In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages , Hunyadi 's son , Matthias , was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility . For the first time , a member of an aristocratic family -LRB- and not from a royal family -RRB- was crowned .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277421708984140094ddf8_s",
              "question": "When did the siege of Belgrade take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1456",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6570_s",
          "context": "The United States originally wished to remain neutral when World War I broke out in August 1914 . However , it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack , even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain . , knowing that it would lead to American entry . When the U.S declared war . Meanwhile , the U.S. continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France , and initiated the first peacetime draft . Industrial mobilization took longer than expected , so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment , relying instead on the British and French to supply them .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the first world war begin?",
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                  "text": "August 1914",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did World War I commence?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4466_s",
          "context": "Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526 , commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria , the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition . , he sighted an island -LRB- probably Taongi -RRB- at 14 ° N that he named `` San Bartolome '' .",
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            {
              "id": "56f78c18a6d7ea1400e17256_s",
              "question": "When did Salazar meet the Marshall Islands?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1526",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Salazar view the Marshall Islands?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1321_s",
          "context": "Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week , and the judges decided to use their `` save '' option on her , making her the first female recipient of the save . The following week , unlike previous seasons . Sanchez later made the final two , the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first woman saved by the American Idol judges?",
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                {
                  "text": "Jessica Sanchez",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1302_s",
          "context": ". David Cook was announced the winner on May 21 , 2008 , the first rocker to win the show .",
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            {
              "id": "56d3788a59d6e414001464ad_s",
              "question": "Who was the first rock singer to win an American Idol?",
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                  "text": "David Cook",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the first Rock and Roll artist to win American Idol?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14852_s",
          "context": "In The Use of Knowledge in Society -LRB- 1945 -RRB- , allowing society 's members to achieve diverse , complicated ends through a principle of spontaneous self-organization . He contrasted the use of the price mechanism with central planning , arguing that the former allows for more rapid adaptation to changes in particular circumstances of time and place . Thus , he set the stage for Oliver Williamson 's later contrast between markets and hierarchies as alternative co-ordination mechanisms for economic transactions . He used the term catallaxy to describe a `` self-organizing system of voluntary co-operation '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "For whom does the social debate on the use of knowledge create a starting point?",
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                  "text": "Oliver Williamson",
                  "answer_start": 388
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The arguments presented in The Use of Knowledge in Society created an starting point for who?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8782_s",
          "context": "The original early 19th-century interior designs , many of which survive , include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis . King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme . Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House . The palace has 775 rooms , and the garden is the largest private garden in London . The state rooms , used for official and state entertaining , are open to the public each year for most of August and September , and on selected days in winter and spring .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who supervised the redesign with the belle kombi 201; poque cream and gold scheme?",
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                  "text": "King Edward VII",
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              "original_question": "Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16862_s",
          "context": "Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus , a large kingdom in Asia Minor -LRB- modern Turkey -RRB- , from 120 to 63 BC . , and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring . In 88 BC . The massacre was the official reason given for the commencement of hostilities in the First Mithridatic War . , but then had to return to Italy to answer the internal threat posed by his rival , Gaius Marius . A peace was made between Rome and Pontus , but this proved only a temporary lull .",
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              "question": "Who does Lucius Cornelius compete with?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Gaius Marius",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With which individual did Lucius Cornelius have a rivalry?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-19_s",
          "context": "This Main Building , and the library collection , was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879 , and the school closed immediately and students were sent home . The university founder , Fr . , the Rev. William Corby . Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879 . The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards . Around the time of the fire , a music hall was opened . Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall , it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school . By 1880 , a science program was established at the university . The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university .",
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              "question": "Who was the dean of Notre Dame in 1879?",
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                  "text": "Rev. William Corby",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1879?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13210_s",
          "context": ". Mahavira -LRB- c. 549 -- 477 BC -RRB- , proponent of Jainism , founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement . Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death , the concept of samsara , and the concept of liberation .",
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              "question": "Who is the founder of Jainism?",
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                  "text": "Mahavira",
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              "original_question": "Who was the founder of Jainism?"
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          "context": "In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw 's Russian governor for military use . Fryderyk and his family moved to a building , which still survives , adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace . During this period , Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland , Grand Duke Constantine . Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , in his dramatic eclogue , `` Nasze Przebiegi '' -LRB- `` Our Discourses '' , 1818 -RRB- , attested to `` little Chopin 's '' popularity .",
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            {
              "id": "56d20bf6e7d4791d00902625_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Chopin's popular story in 1818?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
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              "original_question": "Who wrote in 1818 about the popularity of Chopin?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9532_s",
          "context": "In 2004 , the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street , connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown . Since then , bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave , Elm St , Dixwell Avenue , Water Street , Clinton Avenue and State Street . The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven , including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane . A bike map of the city entire can be seen here , and bike maps broken down by area here . , bicycle lanes have also been added in both directions on Dixwell Avenue along most of the street from downtown to the Hamden town line , as well as along Howard Avenue from Yale New Haven Hospital to City Point .",
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              "question": "When did orange Street build its first bicycle lane in new haven?",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Orange Street receive the first bike lane in New Haven?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2421_s",
          "context": ", to defend the port from naval attacks , suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces . Further west is Smeaton 's Tower , which was built in 1759 as a lighthouse on rocks 14 miles -LRB- 23 km -RRB- off shore . It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room . Plymouth has 20 war memorials of which nine are on The Hoe including : Plymouth Naval Memorial , to remember those killed in World Wars I and II , and the Armada Memorial , to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada .",
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              "question": "When was smitten first built?",
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              "original_question": "When was Smeaton's Tower first constructed?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15486_s",
          "context": "The air force includes the 449th Helicopter Gunship Squadron -LRB- 449 ΜΑΕ -RRB- -- operating Aérospatiale SA-342L and Bell 206 and the 450th Helicopter Gunship Squadron -LRB- 450 ME/P -RRB- -- operating Mi-35P helicopters and the Britten-Norman BN-2B and Pilatus PC-9 fixed-wing aircraft . , Cypriot National Guard , Lt. General Stylianos Nasis , and Chief of Staff , Cypriot National Guard : Maj. General Michalis Flerianos . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion , which occurred on 11 July 2011 , was the most deadly military accident ever recorded in Cyprus .",
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              "id": "572e9ad0c246551400ce43cf_s",
              "question": "When did the naval base of Evangelos florakis explode?",
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                  "text": "11 July 2011",
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              "original_question": "What date did the Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion occur?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5184_s",
          "context": "A number of writing systems have been used over the years for transcribing the language . Of these , the Somali alphabet is the most widely used . , and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p . Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya , Borama and Kaddare scripts , which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid , respectively .",
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            "shire jama ahmed"
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              "id": "56fae3818f12f3190063024b_s",
              "question": "Who invented the osmanya play?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Osman Yusuf Kenadid",
                  "answer_start": 347
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              "original_question": "Who invented the Osmanya script?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6084_s",
          "context": "In 2013 and 2014 , stealing roughly 40 million credit cards , stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers . Warnings were delivered at both corporations , but ignored ; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role . `` The malware utilized is absolutely unsophisticated and uninteresting , '' says Jim Walter , director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee -- meaning that the heists could have easily been stopped by existing antivirus software had administrators responded to the warnings . The size of the thefts has resulted in major attention from state and Federal United States authorities and the investigation is ongoing .",
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              "question": "Who is Jim Walter?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee",
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              "original_question": "Who is Jim Walter?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15617_s",
          "context": "In 1821 . Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables . In 1843 . , he requested extra data from Sir George Airy , who supplied it in February 1844 . -- 46 and produced several different estimates of a new planet .",
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              "id": "572e8e6bc246551400ce4347_s",
              "question": "Who gave John cork Adams extra information?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Sir George Airy",
                  "answer_start": 125
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave John Couch Adams extra data? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11121_s",
          "context": "The United Healthcare/Pacificare nutrition guideline recommends a whole plant food diet , and recommends using protein only as a condiment with meals . , entitled The Secrets of Living Longer , also recommends a whole plant food diet . The article is a lifestyle survey of three populations , Sardinians , Okinawans , and Adventists , who generally display longevity and `` suffer a fraction of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the developed world , and enjoy more healthy years of life . '' In sum , they offer three sets of ` best practices ' to emulate . The rest is up to you . In common with all three groups is to `` Eat fruits , vegetables , and whole grains . ''",
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              "id": "5726fce9dd62a815002e9710_s",
              "question": "Who issued a directive advising people to follow a whole plant diet?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "United Healthcare/Pacificare",
                  "answer_start": 4
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              "original_question": "Who released a guideline that recommends that people follow a whole plant food diet?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18812_s",
          "context": "From early Christian times , hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics . , X , De cleric . venat . -RRB- says , `` We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds ; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons . '' The Fourth Council of the Lateran , decreed -LRB- canon xv -RRB- : `` We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics . '' The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly : `` Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking '' -LRB- Sess . XXIV , De reform. , c. xii -RRB- , which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit , and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy -LRB- clamorosa -RRB- hunting unlawful , but not quiet -LRB- quieta -RRB- hunting .",
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              "question": "Who says hunting is allowed to be quiet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Council of Trent",
                  "answer_start": 416
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              "original_question": "Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9099_s",
          "context": "Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy , a high quality of life and a very high standard of living . A founding member of the United Nations , Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities -LRB- precursor to the European Union -RRB- and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001 . It is also a member of numerous other international institutions , including the Council of Europe , NATO , -LSB- a -RSB- OECD , OIF , OSCE and the WTO . Greece , which is one of the world 's largest shipping powers , middle powers and top tourist destinations , has the largest economy in the Balkans , where it is an important regional investor .",
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              "id": "572618f238643c19005acfee_s",
              "question": "Where does Greece have the greatest economic strength?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Balkans",
                  "answer_start": 632
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              "original_question": "Greece has the biggest economic power where?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6299_s",
          "context": "For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.",
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              "id": "570a6f236d058f1900182e56_s",
              "question": "Who says feelings are cautious?",
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                  "text": "Paul Ekman",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has argued that emotions are discrete?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6259_s",
          "context": "After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP -LRB- Nazi party -RRB- . A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover . , 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland , including the Grynszpan family . However , Poland refused to accept them , leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees , fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations . When he learned of what was happening , he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath , who died shortly afterwards .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5709fb5e4103511400d594cf_s",
              "question": "When did the mayor join the National Democratic Action Party?",
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                  "text": "1937",
                  "answer_start": 6
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              "original_question": "After which year did the Lord Mayor join the NSDAP?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18063_s",
          "context": "In parts of Italy , which were under eastern artistic influences , like Sicily and Venice , mosaic making never went out of fashion in the Middle Ages . The whole interior of the St Mark 's Basilica in Venice is clad with elaborate , golden mosaics . One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark 's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis , a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople -LRB- 1204 -RRB- .",
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              "id": "5731703a05b4da19006bd17a_s",
              "question": "When was Constantinople released?",
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                  "text": "1204",
                  "answer_start": 468
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              "original_question": "When was the sack of Constantinople?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10480_s",
          "context": "Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven , Connecticut . Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony as the Collegiate School , the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States . , who was governor of the British East India Company . Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages .",
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              "id": "57268a89dd62a815002e88c4_s",
              "question": "When was the colony College of Saybrook founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1701",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the Collegiate School of Saybrook Colony founded?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7160_s",
          "context": ", designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors , but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance . , the FlaK 36 . First used in Spain during the Spanish Civil War , the gun proved to be one of the best anti-aircraft guns in the world , as well as particularly deadly against light , medium , and even early heavy tanks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "krupp",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d6b2bb3d812140066d8b8_s",
              "question": "Who is also involved in the manufacture of 75mm weapons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bofors",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who also collaborated in the design of the 75 mm gun?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1491_s",
          "context": "  Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.",
          "c_entity": [
            "april 22"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96c56dc89441400fdb440_s",
              "question": "When will the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 22",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15552_s",
          "context": "As a result , but remained close friends . Then in 1984 they renewed their romance , they married , already having had a son , Max Samuel . , however . They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son. : 403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 1985",
            "1984",
            "1989",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731ce01e99e3014001e62b5_s",
              "question": "When will Spielberg and Owen get back together?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1984",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg and Irving get back together?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17146_s",
          "context": "The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire , led to numerous Ottoman -- Persian Wars . , 1587 -- 1629 , surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength , and making the empire a leading hub in Western Eurasia for the sciences and arts . The Safavid Era saw the start of mass integration from Caucasian populations into new layers of the society of Iran , as well as mass resettlement of them within the heartlands of Iran , playing a pivotal role in the history of Iran for centuries onwards . Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s , which was caused by the internal conflicts , the continuous wars with the Ottomans , and the foreign interference -LRB- most notably the Russian interference -RRB- , the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "soltan hosein",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300950a23a5019007fcc87_s",
              "question": "Who was the last Saffi ruler to be defeated by the Pashtuns of Isfahan in 1722?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Soltan Hosein",
                  "answer_start": 877
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4236_s",
          "context": "In the Western Balkans , South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders , eventually producing a Slavicized population . , the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic , while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples . At the time of the Magyar migration , numbering about 200,000 , and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars . In the 11th and 12th centuries , constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes , such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs , caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer , heavily forested regions of the north . In the Middle Ages .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bosnia",
            "rus",
            "bulgaria",
            "saxon",
            "serbia",
            "western balkans",
            "hungary",
            "central europe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e17228_s",
              "question": "Where did Madame nanslah and the Germanic marry the awar invaders?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the Western Balkans",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4419_s",
          "context": ", the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about `` self-management '' -LRB- samoupravljanje -RRB- . , they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia . After Stalin 's death Tito rejected the USSR 's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations . Tito visited the USSR in 1956 , which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing . However . Commenting on the crisis , Tito concluded that :",
          "c_entity": [
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            "26 june 1950",
            "1956",
            "13 january 1953",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f736683d8e2e1400e3748a_s",
              "question": "When did Tito visit the Soviet Union to show that hostility in his country was fading?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 405
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5532_s",
          "context": ", a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India . , Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor . The Constitution -LRB- Sixty-ninth Amendment -RRB- Act . A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers , excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government . The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1947",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e91d52bb891400689681_s",
              "question": "When did the constitution come into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 514
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The enforcement of the legislation of the Constitution Act began in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-67_s",
          "context": ", she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America . , Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII , at the Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas . After the release of Dangerously in Love , Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks . However , this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled , the final studio album by Destiny 's Child . , in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 , Destiny Fulfilled included the singles `` Lose My Breath '' and `` Soldier '' , which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Destiny 's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour , Destiny Fulfilled ... and Lovin ' It and during the last stop of their European tour , Rowland announced that Destiny 's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour . , in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 1, 2004",
            "november 2003",
            "june 11, 2005",
            "november 15, 2004",
            "october 25, 2005",
            "march 2006"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bf91c6a10cfb1400551183_s",
              "question": "When did destiny's child get her star on Hollywood's Avenue of fame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2006",
                  "answer_start": 1060
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Destiny's Child get their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11380_s",
          "context": "Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates . Under Britain 's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition , the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern , Islamic part of the country . Some children of the southern elite went to Great Britain to pursue higher education . By independence in 1960 , regional differences in modern educational access were marked . The legacy , though less pronounced , continues to the present-day . Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria 's political life as well . For instance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960",
            "1936"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d4895951b619008f7f62_s",
              "question": "When did Nigeria become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 384
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria receive independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10843_s",
          "context": "Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents , and was the most travelled pope in history to that time , earning the nickname `` the Pilgrim Pope '' . With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy , which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI . He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964 , to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay , India and Bogotá , Colombia . , however , he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000 th anniversary of the baptism of Poland . , however , he visited Fátima in Portugal . He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores , who was subdued by the pope 's personal bodyguard and trip organizer , Msgr. Paul Marcinkus .",
          "c_entity": [
            "27 november 1970",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726c5c7708984140094d10f_s",
              "question": "When did Paul VI go to the holy land?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land?"
            }
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16891_s",
          "context": "During this period , Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north , who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks . Traditionally , the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city 's penultimate king , Servius Tullius -LRB- ruled 578 to 534 BC -RRB- . , the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens , who were able to purchase the best equipment . Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "livy",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302aab04bcaa1900d772a5_s",
              "question": "Who brought the phalanx into the Roman army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Servius Tullius",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3111_s",
          "context": "Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e06be17aa994140058e48c_s",
              "question": "When was the parish's 150th anniversary celebrated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2009",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the 150th anniversary of the diocese celebrated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5418_s",
          "context": "In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of \"deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity\" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.",
          "c_entity": [
            "early 1991"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570652ab75f01819005e7b46_s",
              "question": "When did apartheid in the Arab world intensify?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1991",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Arab apartheid intensify? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15805_s",
          "context": ". He argued they should be educated in grand strategy , war economics , armament production , and the mentality of potential opponents -LRB- also known as mirror imaging -RRB- . Wever 's vision was not realised ; the General Staff studies in those subjects fell by the wayside , technology , and operational planning , rather than on independent strategic air offensives .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f58c5b2c2fd1400568053_s",
              "question": "Who says the air force general staff should learn a great strategy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wever",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said the Luftwaffe General Staff should be taught grand strategy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6579_s",
          "context": "The Spanish -- American War was a short decisive war marked by quick . The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels . The Army performed well in combat in Cuba . However , it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict . It relied on volunteers and state militia units , which faced logistical .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570b431eec8fbc190045b92e_s",
              "question": "Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the American Spanish war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cuba",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-380_s",
          "context": "In September 2007 . Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a `` plastic music box '' in 1981 , which he called the IXI . He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$ 120,000 worldwide patent , so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cc61346d243a140015ef6f_s",
              "question": "Who has ever applied for a patent for a device similar to an iPod?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kane Kramer",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2699_s",
          "context": ". In 1956 , Conkling left Columbia . Records . In 1958 , Date Records , which initially issued rockabilly music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "goddard lieberson",
            "epic records",
            "warner bros.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df13fdc65bf219000b3f41_s",
              "question": "Who is one of the creators of the National Academy of recording arts and Sciences?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Conkling",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14282_s",
          "context": ". She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea 's mother to gain entrance to her chambers . , jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself , betraying her sister 's trust and confidence in her . Enraged . Apollo changed her into an incense plant , either heliotrope or sunflower , which follows the sun every day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leucothea",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728db98ff5b5019007da83c_s",
              "question": "Who is Lucia in love with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leucothea",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Leucothea fall in love with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5476_s",
          "context": "Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817 . In the same year -- 1852 -RRB- . Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841 , especially in politics and amongst the City of London . , and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname ` The Thunderer ' -LRB- from `` We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform . '' -RRB- . The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press . Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the other day",
            "thomas barnes",
            "john thadeus delane",
            "the times",
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            "the same year",
            "james lawson"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705eece75f01819005e778a_s",
              "question": "Who was appointed editor of the times in 1817?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Barnes",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1393_s",
          "context": "In 2013 , and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity -LRB- i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9a21edc89441400fdb65a_s",
              "question": "When did a study find that mixed varieties tend to live longer than pure varieties?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11628_s",
          "context": "In 1348 , the Black Death and other disasters sealed a sudden end to the previous period of massive philosophic and scientific development . Yet , when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West . Meanwhile , the introduction of printing was to have great effect on European society . The facilitated dissemination of the printed word democratized learning and allowed a faster propagation of new ideas . New ideas also helped to influence the development of European science at this point : not least the introduction of Algebra . These developments paved the way for the Scientific Revolution , which may also be understood as a resumption of the process of scientific inquiry , halted at the start of the Black Death .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f4f84b864d19001640aa_s",
              "question": "When did the Black Death happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1348",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Black Death occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2429_s",
          "context": "Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Frank Bickerton both lived in the city . Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth and Robert Lenkiewicz , whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy , sexual behaviour and suicide , lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002 . Illustrator and creator of children 's series Mr Benn and King Rollo , David McKee . Jazz musician John Surman , has close connections to the area , evidenced by his 2012 album Saltash Bells . In addition , actors Sir Donald Sinden and Judi Trott . George Passmore of Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George was born in the city , as was Labour politician Michael Foot whose family reside at nearby Trematon Castle .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df827c56340a1900b29c9c_s",
              "question": "Where does Michael Foot's family live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Trematon Castle",
                  "answer_start": 726
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do the family of Michael Foot live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9352_s",
          "context": "The ISO standard ISO 12232:2006 gives digital still camera manufacturers a choice of five different techniques for determining the exposure index rating at each sensitivity setting provided by a particular camera model . , while two new techniques allowing for measurement of JPEG output files are introduced from CIPA DC-004 . Depending on the technique selected , the exposure index rating can depend on the sensor sensitivity , the sensor noise , and the appearance of the resulting image . The standard specifies the measurement of light sensitivity of the entire digital camera system and not of individual components such as digital sensors , although Kodak has reported using a variation to characterize the sensitivity of two of their sensors in 2001 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726625c5951b619008f7113_s",
              "question": "When did Kodak begin to characterize the two sensors differently?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 754
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Kodak start using a different way of characterizing two sensors?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12155_s",
          "context": "This liberalization , however , fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union . , in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled -LRB- Romania excepted -RRB- , which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union 's constituent republics . Under Gorbachev 's leadership , the Congress of People 's Deputies -LRB- although the ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57277a72708984140094deb5_s",
              "question": "When was the opposition first accepted by the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were opposition parties first allowed in the Soviet Union?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4581_s",
          "context": "At Maecenas ' insistence -LRB- according to the tradition -RRB- Virgil spent the ensuing years -LRB- perhaps 37 -- 29 BC -RRB- on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics -LRB- from Greek , `` On Working the Earth '' -RRB- which he dedicated to Maecenas . The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm . In handling this theme . The four books of the Georgics focus respectively on raising crops and trees -LRB- 1 and 2 -RRB- , livestock and horses -LRB- 3 -RRB- , and beekeeping and the qualities of bees -LRB- 4 -RRB- . Well-known passages include the beloved Laus Italiae of Book 2 , the prologue description of the temple in Book 3 , and the description of the plague at the end of Book 3 . Book 4 concludes with a long mythological narrative . Ancient scholars , conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced , at the emperor 's request , a long section in praise of Virgil 's friend , the poet Gallus , and who committed suicide in 26 BC .",
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            {
              "id": "56f8961a9e9bad19000a018e_s",
              "question": "Who are Virgil's 26 year friends? Dutch act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gallus",
                  "answer_start": 953
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Which of Virgil's poet friends committed suicide in 26 BC?"
            }
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    {
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          "context": ", on Wall Street , and the NASDAQ , at 165 Broadway , representing the world 's largest and second largest stock exchanges , respectively , when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013 . Investment banking fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $ 40 billion in 2012 , while in 2013 , senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as $ 324,000 annually . In fiscal year 2013 -- 14 . New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets , driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. economy. : 31 -- 32 In July 2013 , took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association . New York also leads in hedge fund management ; private equity ; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions . Several investment banks and investment mangers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers. : 34 -- 35 New York is also the principal commercial banking center of the United States .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the former head of LIBOR tariffs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "British Bankers Association",
                  "answer_start": 792
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the previous overseer of the London interbank offered rate?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4012_s",
          "context": "KU football dates from 1890 , and has played in the Orange Bowl three times : 1948 , 1968 , and 2008 . , who was hired in 2014 . In 2008 , with a 24 -- 21 victory over the # 3 Virginia Tech Hokies . This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history -- 1 -LRB- .923 -RRB- . The team plays at Memorial Stadium , adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field , weight room , and new locker room .",
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            {
              "id": "56e799f200c9c71400d77368_s",
              "question": "Who did gujuji beat in the Orange Bowl in 2008?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virginia Tech Hokies",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7615_s",
          "context": ", it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government . , the Lord President of the Council . , the Lord Chancellor , and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee , resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate : Harold Macmillan .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fefd85ab6b819003910e7_s",
              "question": "Who does Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harold Macmillan",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9713_s",
          "context": "On 20 April 1992, The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert was held at London's Wembley Stadium to a 72,000-strong crowd. Performers, including Def Leppard, Robert Plant, Guns N' Roses, Elton John, David Bowie, George Michael, Annie Lennox, Seal, Extreme, and Metallica performed various Queen songs along with the three remaining Queen members (and Spike Edney.) The concert is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as \"The largest rock star benefit concert\", as it was televised to over 1.2 billion viewers worldwide, and raised over £20,000,000 for AIDS charities.",
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            "20 april 1992"
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            {
              "id": "5726b810708984140094cef7_s",
              "question": "When was the Freddie Mercury memorial concert held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20 April 1992",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert held?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10648_s",
          "context": "The traditional interpretation of `` Cubism '' , has affected our appreciation of other twentieth-century artists . According to Daniel Robbins , `` To suggest that merely because these artists developed differently or varied from the traditional pattern they deserved to be relegated to a secondary or satellite role in Cubism is a profound mistake . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5726a6655951b619008f7918_s",
              "question": "Who says that artists other than a distant role in Cubism mentioned by Blake and Picasso are wrong?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Daniel Robbins",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suggested that the artists other than Braque and Picasso's relgation to a distant role in Cubism was a mistake?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8636_s",
          "context": "The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo , Cementerio del Cerro , and Cementerio Paso Molino . The British Cemetery Montevideo -LRB- Cementerio Británico -RRB- is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay , located in the Buceo neighborhood . Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there . The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828 . However . A section of the cemetery , known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors , contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities , although the majority are of British descent . One United States Marine , Henry de Costa , is buried here .",
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            {
              "id": "5725d5a3271a42140099d27f_s",
              "question": "When did Mr. Thomas Samuel hood buy a property at the British cemetery in Montevideo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1828",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchase a plot of land at the British Cemetery Montevideo? "
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7354_s",
          "context": "On 18 August , the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions . By 12:00 . But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions . Finally aware of the Prussian advance , the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans . The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle . However . By 14:30 . At 15:00 . But by 16:00 , with the attack in danger of stalling , followed by the 1st Cavalry Division .",
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            {
              "id": "570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5e_s",
              "question": "Who commands the first and second forces to take action against the French?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moltke",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18050_s",
          "context": ". The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived -LRB- Theotokos with raised hands , four evangelists with seraphim , scenes from Christ 's life and an interesting Anastasis where King Salomon bears resemblance to Constantine Monomachos -RRB- . In comparison with Osios Loukas Nea Moni mosaics contain more figures , detail , landscape and setting .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315ba4497a881900248e64_s",
              "question": "When was the mosaic of the monastery destroyed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1822",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?"
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          "context": "On 2 March 1882 , Roderick Maclean , shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station . , until he was hustled away by a policeman . , but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was `` worth being shot at -- to see how much one is loved '' .",
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            {
              "id": "5722cd5df6b826140030fc44_s",
              "question": "Who killed the queen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roderick Maclean",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who shot at the queen?"
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          "context": "Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons . Most rely on external funding -LRB- government funds , grants from charitable foundations , direct donations -RRB- to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the organization can hire and retain staff , sustain facilities , create programs , or maintain tax-exempt status . For example , a university that sells research to for-profit companies may have tax exemption problems . In addition , unreliable funding . , the US government acknowledged this critical need by the inclusion of the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program in the Serve America Act . Further efforts to quantify the scope of the sector and propose policy solutions for community benefit were included in the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act , proposed during 2010 .",
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            {
              "id": "57277f5e708984140094df37_s",
              "question": "When was the community's non-profit sector and solution law adopted?",
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                  "text": "2010",
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              "original_question": "When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?"
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          "context": "From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.",
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              "question": "Who was the sexologist who published a project in 1896?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Magnus Hirschfeld",
                  "answer_start": 201
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              "original_question": "Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?"
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        {
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          "context": "Estadio Centenario , the national football stadium in Parque Batlle , was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup , as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay 's first constitution . In this World Cup , Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2 . The stadium has 70,000 seats . It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world 's classic stadiums , along with Maracanã , Wembley Stadium , San Siro , Estadio Azteca , and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium . Museum tickets give access to the stadium , stands , locker rooms and playing field .",
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            {
              "id": "5725e6a389a1e219009ac071_s",
              "question": "When did the centenary open?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1930",
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              "original_question": "When was Estadio Centenario opened? "
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          "context": "In 1914 , advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club 's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise . Lasker brought in a wealthy partner . As principal owners , the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park , which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier , where they remain to this day . , where they played a part in another team 's curse , Boston 's last Series championship until 2004 .",
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              "question": "Who took over most ownership of the cubs in 1916?",
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                  "text": "Albert Lasker",
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              "original_question": "Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15728_s",
          "context": "Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments . After former Confederates were allowed to vote again , known as the Red Shirts . Violent incidents took place in Charleston on King Street in September 6 and in nearby Cainhoy on October 15 , both in association with political meetings before the 1876 election . The Cainhoy incident was the only one statewide in which more whites were killed than blacks . The Red Shirts were instrumental in suppressing the black Republican vote in some areas in 1876 and narrowly electing Wade Hampton as governor , and taking back control of the state legislature . Another riot occurred in Charleston the day after the election , when a prominent Republican leader was mistakenly reported killed .",
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            {
              "id": "573031ba947a6a140053d26c_s",
              "question": "Who won the election in 1876 by intimidating voters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wade Hampton",
                  "answer_start": 721
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who won the 1876 election as a result of voter intimidation?"
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          "context": "Again all proposals , including the request to join NATO , were rejected by UK , US , and French governments shortly after . Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay , supporter of NATO expansion , who said that NATO `` must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella . '' He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that `` the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force '' .",
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              "question": "Who are the generals opposing the Soviet Union's accession to NATO?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hastings Ismay",
                  "answer_start": 172
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              "original_question": "Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?"
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          "context": "-- 1830 -RRB- is the interrelation between individual humans , which he conceives in terms of `` mutual recognition . '' However , what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement , is that Hegel , in the Philosophy of Right , believed the best solution was to surrender one 's individuality to the customs of the State , identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality . Individual human will ought , at the State 's highest level of development , to properly coincide with the will of the State . , choice , and responsibility .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the Encyclopedia of philosophy?",
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                  "text": "Hegel",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6706_s",
          "context": ". TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2 , which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system . Bob Bemer introduced features such as the escape sequence . -- according to Bemer , `` so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe '' . Because of his extensive work on ASCII , Bemer has been called `` the father of ASCII . ''",
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              "question": "Who is the father of ASCII?",
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              "original_question": "Who is the father of ASCII?"
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          "context": ", Apollo was an oracular god -- the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle . Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo , whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius , yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague . Amongst the god 's custodial charges , Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists , and as the patron defender of herds and flocks . , Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry . Hermes created the lyre for him , and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo . Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans .",
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              "id": "5728b3aeff5b5019007da4e8_s",
              "question": "Who created the Lyra for Apollo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hermes",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who created the lyre for Apollo?"
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        {
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          "context": "In 1944 , Nasser married Tahia Kazem , the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother , both of whom died when she was young . She was introduced to Nasser through her brother , Abdel Hamid Kazim , a merchant friend of Nasser 's , in 1943 . After their wedding , the couple moved into a house in Manshiyat al-Bakri , where they would live for the rest of their lives . Nasser 's entry into the officer corps in 1937 secured him relatively well-paid employment in a society where most people lived in poverty .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572845633acd2414000df829_s",
              "question": "Where does Nasser live after he married his wife?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manshiyat al-Bakri",
                  "answer_start": 325
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1004_s",
          "context": "Portuguese universities have existed since 1290 . The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra . Historically , within the scope of the Portuguese Empire , the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas -LRB- the Real Academia de Artilharia . The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon .",
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              "question": "When did Portuguese universities begin to exist?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1290",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
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              "original_question": "Since when have Portuguese universities existed?"
            }
          ]
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        {
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          "context": ". The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships , with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly .",
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              "question": "When did Nigeria hold a fair presidential election?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 235
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6339_s",
          "context": "Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' -LRB- More than a club -RRB- . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the second most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 3.16 billion , and the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of € 560.8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "joan gamper",
            "jaume picas",
            "josep maria espinàs",
            "barcelona"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c49c2fed7b91900d4583a_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of Barcelona football club?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joan Gamper",
                  "answer_start": 77
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6314_s",
          "context": "This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , that looks at the causes , structures , and consequences of emotional experience -LRB- especially in work contexts -RRB- . This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors . This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes -- a `` series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme . '' This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens , and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article , `` Reflections on Affective Events Theory '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "1996"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a7de94103511400d5976f_s",
              "question": "When did white and cropenzano publish their work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1996",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3212_s",
          "context": ", the vacuum flask . , and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford , Mark Oliphant , and Paul Harteck . Heavy water , which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen . François Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1932",
            "1806",
            "december 1931",
            "1898",
            "1934",
            "1819",
            "1823",
            "the next year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e16b59cd28a01900c678e1_s",
              "question": "When was tritium discovered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was tritium discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6458_s",
          "context": "The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department . As commercial flying increased , the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control -LRB- ATC -RRB- along the airways . , the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system . The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps , blackboards , and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1936",
            "1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa9a06d058f1900183059_s",
              "question": "When did the aviation department change its name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Aeronautics Branch renamed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-219_s",
          "context": "At the age of 21 he settled in Paris . Thereafter , during the last 18 years of his life , he gave only some 30 public performances , preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon . He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano , for which he was in high demand . In 1835 he obtained French citizenship . A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838 -- 39 was one of his most productive periods of composition . In his last years , he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling , who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848 . Through most of his life , Chopin suffered from poor health . He died in Paris in 1849 , probably of tuberculosis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "franz liszt",
            "maria wodzińska",
            "george sand",
            "jane stirling",
            "chopin",
            "robert schumann"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e7_s",
              "question": "Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Stirling",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9613_s",
          "context": ", nephew of Nicholas Loney . Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar , which was later named Beck 's . During the course of the American occupation of the Philippines , many department stores were built throughout the city . Heacock 's , a luxury department store . Other department stores included Aguinaldo 's , La Puerta del Sol , Estrella del Norte , and the Crystal Arcade , all of which were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945 . After the war , department stores were once again alive with the establishment of Shoemart -LRB- now SM -RRB- , and Rustan 's . Since the foundation of these companies in the 1950s , there are now more than one hundred department stores to date . At present , due to the huge success of shopping malls , department stores in the Philippines usually are anchor tenants within malls . SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls are two of the country 's most prominent mall chains , all of which has Department Store sections .",
          "c_entity": [
            "iloilo",
            "manila",
            "henry hoskyn",
            "orient",
            "escolta",
            "philippines",
            "department store of hoskyn & co."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572673e0dd62a815002e855e_s",
              "question": "Where are some of the original shops in the Philippines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manila",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were some of the original Philippine stores located?  "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15139_s",
          "context": "A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1954"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b6f49111d821400f38e9e_s",
              "question": "When is the publication of immateriality meaningful?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1954",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1009_s",
          "context": ", or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery . In the 1990s and 2000s -LRB- decade -RRB- , in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon . These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon , Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música , as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country . , ranking it 8th in Europe and 17th in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mediterranean",
            "lisbon",
            "porto",
            "portugal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573426c64776f41900661989_s",
              "question": "Where was the Carlos gulbenkien Foundation founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lisbon",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-113_s",
          "context": "The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers. Beyoncé also has had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal since the age of 18.",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83379_s",
              "question": "When were the differences out of court resolved?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2013",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the disagreement settled out of court?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12251_s",
          "context": "The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross -LSB- Jn . 19:26-27 -RSB- has in itself been the subject of Marian art . And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary , e.g. . , the Mond Crucifixion -RRB- , his Entombment -RRB- depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene .",
          "c_entity": [
            "virgin mary",
            "caravaggio",
            "john paul ii",
            "marian cross",
            "raphael",
            "jesus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727aa092ca10214002d932e_s",
              "question": "Who is under the cross?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virgin Mary",
                  "answer_start": 20
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was present under the cross?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8224_s",
          "context": "In general , Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women , to form their own grand council , recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite . The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women 's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants . While they were not , therefore , recognised as regular , they were part of Freemasonry `` in general '' . The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1999",
            "1899",
            "the 1890s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266813708984140094c4fe_s",
              "question": "When did the United Hotel meet these two women's brick houses?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 239
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17978_s",
          "context": "The last ruler from the Ptolemaic line was Cleopatra VII , after Octavian had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled . Nevertheless , Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ptolemies",
            "mark antony",
            "octavian"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573154ae05b4da19006bd049_s",
              "question": "Who conquered Alexander and ended Ptolemaic rule?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Octavian",
                  "answer_start": 65
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who captured Alexandria, ending Ptolemaic rule?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13601_s",
          "context": "In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé.[citation needed]",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572816292ca10214002d9d91_s",
              "question": "When was boziz é's last attempt at a coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2003",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Bozize finally attempt his coup?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14186_s",
          "context": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium ; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés -LRB- 1014-1163 -RRB- ; the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis -LRB- 1144 -RRB- . ; the Palais Garnier Opera House -LRB- 1875 -RRB- ; the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur -LRB- 1875-1919 -RRB- , and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower -LRB- 1889 -RRB- . , and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei -LRB- 1989 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard rogers",
            "la madeleine",
            "i.m. pei",
            "renzo piano",
            "georges pompidou",
            "jean nouvel",
            "les invalides",
            "notre dame cathedral",
            "louis vuitton foundation",
            "saint chapelle",
            "frank gehry"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d6963acd2414000dfff5_s",
              "question": "Who built the Louvre Pyramid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "I.M. Pei",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the Louvre Pyramid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16270_s",
          "context": "Few Chinese had any illusions about Japanese designs on China . Hungry for raw materials and pressed by a growing population , Japan initiated the seizure of Manchuria in September 1931 and established ex-Qing emperor Puyi as head of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932 . During the Sino-Japanese War -LRB- 1937 -- 1945 -RRB- , the loss of Manchuria , and its vast potential for industrial development and war industries . , established at the end of World War I , was unable to act in the face of the Japanese defiance . After 1940 . The Communists expanded their influence wherever opportunities presented themselves through mass organizations , administrative reforms , and the land - and tax-reform measures favoring the peasants .",
          "c_entity": [
            "kuomintang",
            "league of nations",
            "puyi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f8bd3a23a5019007fc718_s",
              "question": "Who was appointed head of the puppet state after the conquest of Manchuria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ex-Qing emperor Puyi",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was named the head of the puppet state after the seizure of Manchuria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3703_s",
          "context": "It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s , when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts , but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1658",
            "january 1661",
            "1640s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975ee9_s",
              "question": "When was the monastery damaged?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1640s",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the abbey suffer damage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15522_s",
          "context": "Next , Spielberg teamed with Star Wars creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film , Raiders of the Lost Ark , the first of the Indiana Jones films . The film was considered an homage to the cliffhanger serials of the Golden Age of Hollywood . It became the biggest film at the box office in 1981 , and the recipient of numerous Oscar nominations including Best Director -LRB- Spielberg 's second nomination -RRB- and Best Picture -LRB- the second Spielberg film to be nominated for Best Picture -RRB- . Raiders is still considered a landmark example of the action-adventure genre . The film also led to Ford 's casting in Ridley Scott 's Blade Runner .",
          "c_entity": [
            "previously",
            "1981"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57319038a5e9cc1400cdc097_s",
              "question": "When was the first Indiana Jones movie released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1981",
                  "answer_start": 308
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first Indiana Jones movie come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5187_s",
          "context": "The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a \"Nation of Poets\" and a \"Nation of Bards\" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.",
          "c_entity": [
            "margaret laurence"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fae4b5f34c681400b0c181_s",
              "question": "Who calls Somalia \"the land of bards\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Margaret Laurence",
                  "answer_start": 556
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called Somalia a \"Nation of Bards\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12478_s",
          "context": "Ramanuja -LRB- c. 1037 -- 1137 -RRB- was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism . , but also as the source of all creation , which was omnipresent and actively involved in existence . To them the sense of subject-object perception was illusory and a sign of ignorance . However , the individual 's sense of self was not a complete illusion since it was derived from the universal beingness that is Brahman .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brahman",
            "vishnu",
            "viśiṣṭādvaita",
            "ramanuja",
            "viśiṣṭādvaitins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b61fff5b5019007d9321_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of Visistadvaita's philosophy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ramanuja",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader in pushing the philosophy of Visistadvaita?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7880_s",
          "context": "Early in the year 343 we find Athanasius had travelled , via Rome , from Alexandria , North Africa ; nowadays Belgium / Holland and surrounding areas , where Hosius of Cordoba was Bishop , the great champion of orthodoxy in the West . The two , together , set out for Sardica . / summoned there in deference to the Roman pontiff 's wishes . The travel was a mammoth task in itself . At this great gathering of prelates , leaders of the Church , the case of Athanasius was taken up once more , that is , Athanasius was formally questioned over misdemeanours and even murder , -- an absurd charge . -RRB- . -LSB- The Council was convoked for the purpose of inquiring into the charges against Athanasius and other bishops , and went into exile . , -LRB- E. H. ii . 20 -RRB- by the two Emperors ; but -- 352 -RRB- , -LRB- Ad an . 343 -RRB- . One hundred and seventy six attended . Eusebian bishops objected to the admission of Athanasius and other deposed bishops to the Council , except as accused persons to answer the charges brought against them . Their objections were overridden by the orthodox bishops , about a hundred were orthodox , who were the majority . The Eusebians , seeing they had no chance of having their views carried , retired to Philoppopolis in Thrace , Philippopolis -LRB- Thracia -RRB- , where they held an opposition council , under the presidency of the Patriarch of Antioch , and confirmed the decrees of the Synod of Antioch . -RSB- . Once more , at the Council of Sardica , was his innocence reaffirmed . Two conciliar letters were prepared , one to the clergy and faithful of Alexandria , the other to the bishops of Egypt and Libya , in which the will of the Council was made known . Meanwhile , the Eusebian party had gone to Philippopolis , where they issued an anathema against Athanasius and his supporters . The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigour . Orders were given that if the Saint attempt to re-enter his see , he should be put to death . Athanasius , accordingly , withdrew from Sardica to Naissus in Mysia , where he celebrated the Easter festival of the year 344 . , which like the 341 synod , found Athanasius innocent . & . He celebrated his last Easter in exile in Aquileia in April 345 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "gaul",
            "early in the year",
            "antioch",
            "fortunatianus",
            "constantius",
            "first council of nicaea",
            "constans"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa5df10f8ca140030525a_s",
              "question": "Who did Athanasius go to sadika with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hosius of Cordoba",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Athanasius travel to Sardica?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2848_s",
          "context": "-- 87 Mr Rafael M. Salas -LRB- Philippines -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "thoraya ahmed obaid",
            "rafael m. salas",
            "babatunde osotimehin",
            "nafis sadik"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df50e896943c1400a5d382_s",
              "question": "Who was the national executive director or deputy secretary of state from 1969 to 1987?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rafael M. Salas",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14696_s",
          "context": "Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928 . He led the district from 1932 . He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province . These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants . On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg , the Otto-Braun-House . Members of the Reichsbanner were attacked and the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen , was murdered on 6 August 1932 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "max von bahrfeldt",
            "social democrat",
            "gustav sauf",
            "otto wyrgatsch",
            "erich koch",
            "kurt kotzan",
            "people's party"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a38ef3f37b319004787dd_s",
              "question": "Who is the leader of the East Prussian Nazi party?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Erich Koch",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12185_s",
          "context": "On December 7 , 1989 . However -- a first for Soviet Republics and a political earthquake that prompted Gorbachev to arrange a visit to Lithuania the following month in a futile attempt to bring the local party back under control .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mykolas burokevičius",
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            "gorbachev",
            "algirdas brazauskas",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281338ff5b5019007d9c8e_s",
              "question": "Who has visited the hopes of the Lithuanian Communist Party for a return to the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gorbachev",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15397_s",
          "context": "After Nasser died in November 1970 , his successor , Anwar Sadat , suggested that rather than a unified state , they create a political federation , implemented in April 1971 ; in doing so , Egypt , Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money . In February 1972 , but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year . Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya 's radical direction , and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken .",
          "c_entity": [
            "anwar sadat",
            "nasser",
            "gaddafi"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8b_s",
              "question": "Who made Anwar Sadat successful?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 6
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Anwar Sadat succeed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8263_s",
          "context": "At the end of the 1990s , Israel , under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu , withdrew from Hebron , and signed the Wye River Memorandum . , elected Prime Minister in 1999 . During the summit . The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90 % of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital , although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs , which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African `` bantustans '' , a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators . Each side blamed the other for the failure of the talks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ehud barak",
            "palestinian national authority",
            "yasser arafat",
            "benjamin netanyahu",
            "palestinian authority",
            "bill clinton"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bd3189a1e219009abdc0_s",
              "question": "Who led Israel in the 1990s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Benjamin Netanyahu",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led Israel in the 1990s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11906_s",
          "context": "The year 1789 brought the French Revolution and with it the first division of Alsace into the départements of Haut - and Bas-Rhin . Alsatians played an active role in the French Revolution . On 21 July 1789 , after receiving news of the Storming of the Bastille in Paris , a crowd of people stormed the Strasbourg city hall , forcing the city administrators to flee and putting symbolically an end to the feudal system in Alsace . In 1792 , which later became the anthem of France . Some of the most famous generals of the French Revolution also came from Alsace , notably Kellermann , who also fought in the Vendée .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "valmy"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278bb15951b619008f8d09_s",
              "question": "Who led the French Republic's armies in Wendy and Westman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kellermann",
                  "answer_start": 573
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the armies of the French Republic in Vendee and Westermann?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8165_s",
          "context": "In 1845 , Ireland was hit by a potato blight . In Ireland , Victoria was labelled `` The Famine Queen '' . She personally donated £ 2,000 to famine relief , more than any other individual donor , and also supported the Maynooth Grant to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland , despite Protestant opposition . The story that she donated only £ 5 in aid to the Irish .",
          "c_entity": [
            "next four years",
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            {
              "id": "5726440789cfff1900a84044_s",
              "question": "When did potato disease begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1845",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the potato blight begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7477_s",
          "context": "Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed \"knight\" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters.",
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            {
              "id": "570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef0_s",
              "question": "Who would predefine a woman's name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dames Grand Cross",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-789_s",
          "context": "The 50th anniversary of the novel 's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact . , is n't always enough , but is always in style '' . , stating that the book `` still rouses fresh and horrified indignation '' as it examines morality , a topic that has recently become unfashionable . , rare among American novelists , writes with `` a fiercely progressive ink , in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question '' , comparing her to William Faulkner , who wrote about racism as an inevitability . , stating the book 's central theme , that `` one 's moral convictions are worth fighting for , even at the risk of being reviled '' is eloquently discussed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "herald",
            "chicago tribune",
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            "lee",
            "jane sullivan",
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            "rosemary goring",
            "eric zorn",
            "jane austen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3977059d6e414001467d5_s",
              "question": "Who are Chimamanda Ngozi adic and Li intimate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Faulkner",
                  "answer_start": 500
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11385_s",
          "context": "Beginning in 1979 . The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime 's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development . Buhari promised major reforms , but his government fared little better than its predecessor . His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shehu shagari",
            "muhammadu buhari",
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          ],
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            {
              "id": "5726d8e9f1498d1400e8ecff_s",
              "question": "Who led a military coup against sagari?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammadu Buhari",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led a military coup against Shagari?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-815_s",
          "context": "In the last two decades , photovoltaics -LRB- PV -RRB- , also known as solar PV , has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source . A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect . In 1931 a German engineer , Dr Bruno Lange , developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide . Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1 % of incident light into electricity . These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5 -- 6 % . By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20 % and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40 % .",
          "c_entity": [
            "charles fritts",
            "james clerk maxwell",
            "russell ohl",
            "calvin fuller",
            "gerald pearson",
            "bruno lange",
            "daryl chapin",
            "ernst werner von siemens"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d07aa6234ae51400d9c317_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first solar cell to replace copper oxide with silver and selenium?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dr Bruno Lange",
                  "answer_start": 330
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-87_s",
          "context": "In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation.",
          "c_entity": [
            "september 2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfb10da10cfb140055124b_s",
              "question": "When will they meet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "September 2015",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will they meet?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8085_s",
          "context": ". Tribal and nationalistic differences were discouraged . , the old tribal differences between the Arabs started to resurface . Following the Roman -- Persian Wars and the Byzantine -- Sassanid Wars , deep rooted differences between Iraq , formally under the Persian Sassanid Empire , and Syria , formally under the Byzantine Empire , also existed . Previously , the second caliph Umar was very firm on the governors and his spies kept an eye on them . If he felt that a governor or a commander was becoming attracted to wealth , he had him removed from his position .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "571aa0ea4faf5e1900b8ab58_s",
              "question": "Who is the second Caliph?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Umar",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the second caliph?"
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15107_s",
          "context": ". In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing . Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the `` effectual truth '' instead . Their contemporary , Leonardo da Vinci -LRB- 1452 , `` If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down , then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings . ''",
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              "id": "572b33b6111d821400f38dbe_s",
              "question": "When was Leonardo da Vinci born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1452",
                  "answer_start": 375
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was da Vinci born?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1425_s",
          "context": "Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, \"man's best friend\", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d6_s",
              "question": "When was the first dog sent into space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1957",
                  "answer_start": 376
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the first dog sent into space?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10308_s",
          "context": "The world 's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello , an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires . In 1983 , using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967 , and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom . Twenty years later , almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726882b708984140094c912_s",
              "question": "Who is an engineer at the University of Buenos Aires?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oscar Bonello",
                  "answer_start": 93
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7209_s",
          "context": "Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term `` Sanskrit '' arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages , but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking . Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India , who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times , especially during ritual . Sanskrit , as the learned language of Ancient India , thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits , which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages . However , linguistic change led to an eventual loss of mutual intelligibility .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e291c0dc6ce1900204e12_s",
              "question": "Where is Sanskrit the language of institutions of higher learning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ancient India",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Sanskrit a learned language of the high classes?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16612_s",
          "context": ", downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community . The primary project was Rio Nuevo . Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south , I-10 to the west , and 6th Street to the north , and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific -LRB- formerly Southern Pacific -RRB- railroad tracks , site of the historic train depot and `` Locomotive # 1673 '' , built in 1900 . Downtown is divided into the Presidio District , the Barrio Viejo , and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District . Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district , which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1673"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730023eb2c2fd1400568734_s",
              "question": "When was the locomotive kombi 35; 1673 made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1900",
                  "answer_start": 432
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Locomotive #1673 made in?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-603_s",
          "context": ", children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties . Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves , a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan . Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay , the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children . It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state , and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination . New York interracial abolitionist activism continued ; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfbb5f234ae51400d9bf2c_s",
              "question": "When will slavery be completely banned in New York State?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1827",
                  "answer_start": 524
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was slavery completely outlawed in the state of New York?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9640_s",
          "context": "Law professor , writer and political activist Lawrence Lessig , along with many other copyleft and free software activists , has criticized the implied analogy with physical property -LRB- like land or an automobile -RRB- . They argue such an analogy fails because physical property is generally rivalrous while intellectual works are non-rivalrous -LRB- that is , if one makes a copy of a work , the enjoyment of the copy does not prevent enjoyment of the original -RRB- . Other arguments along these lines claim that unlike the situation with tangible property , there is no natural scarcity of a particular idea or information : once it exists at all , it can be re-used and duplicated indefinitely without such re-use diminishing the original . , which may not be applicable to ideas .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265630708984140094c2d1_s",
              "question": "Who are the supporters of the imitation left?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lawrence Lessig",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is one advocate of copyleft?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14766_s",
          "context": ", Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did . , also transliterated as seci -RRB- , or rhymed prose , a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj ' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a string of words , such as a sentence , there must be a rhyme . Nevertheless , there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time , though exclusively non-fictional in nature . One apparent exception was Muhayyelât -LRB- `` Fancies '' -RRB- by Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi , a collection of stories of the fantastic written in 1796 . The first novel published in the Ottoman Empire was by an Armenian named Vartan Pasha . , the novel was entitled The Story of Akabi -LRB- Turkish : Akabi Hikyayesi -RRB- and was written in Turkish but with Armenian script .",
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              "id": "572a5abcd562191400bc869b_s",
              "question": "When was muhayel0c2266t written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1796",
                  "answer_start": 583
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was Muhayyelât written?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17664_s",
          "context": "Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f434497a881900248a99_s",
              "question": "When did Mrs. tundra become a major group in Ukraine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "approximately 1000 AD",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eastern Slavs become the dominant group in the area of Ukraine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2731_s",
          "context": "By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907 , the territorial capital , as the population center and commercial hub of the new state . Soon after . Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century ; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup 's 1946 jazz classic , '' -LRB- Get Your Kicks on -RRB- Route 66 '' , later made famous by artist Nat King Cole .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df35c296943c1400a5d2f4_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the old jazz song Highway 66?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bobby Troup",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Jazz oldie \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1349_s",
          "context": "The loss of viewers continued into season 12 . The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season , and saw a drop of 44 % in the 18-49 demo . The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million , a drop of 24 % from the previous season . The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18 -- 49 demographic , a drop of 28 % from the twelfth season , although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3878f59d6e41400146669_s",
              "question": "When did American Idol first appear on TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2002",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did American Idol first air on television? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7947_s",
          "context": "Like most parts of the United States , government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives -LRB- allowing citizens to pass or reject laws -RRB- , referenda -LRB- allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed -RRB- , and propositions -LRB- allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people -RRB- . Federally , Seattle is part of Washington 's 7th congressional district , represented by Democrat Jim McDermott .",
          "c_entity": [
            "congress",
            "ed murray",
            "jim mcdermott"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a2b2410f8ca1400304f2a_s",
              "question": "Who is the representative of the Seattle area?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jim McDermott",
                  "answer_start": 475
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the representative for Seattle's district?"
            }
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          "context": "The Dominican friars quickly spread , including to England , where they appeared in Oxford in 1221 . In the 13th century the order reached all classes of Christian society , fought heresy , schism , and paganism by word and book , and by its missions to the north of Europe , to Africa , and Asia passed beyond the frontiers of Christendom . ; its doctors wrote monumental works in all branches of knowledge . Its members included popes , cardinals , bishops , legates , inquisitors , confessors of princes , ambassadors , and paciarii -LRB- enforcers of the peace decreed by popes or councils -RRB- . The order was appointed by Pope Gregory IX the duty to carry out the Inquisition . In his Papal Bull Ad extirpanda of 1252 , Pope Innocent IV authorised the Dominicans ' use of torture under prescribed circumstances .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who ordered the Dominican order to start the investigation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Gregory IX",
                  "answer_start": 629
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who appointed the Dominican Order to begin the inquisition?"
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        {
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          "context": "Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the National Bureau of statistics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Newcastle",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the NBS located?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16517_s",
          "context": "Washington University has a large number of student-run musical groups on campus , including 12 official a cappella groups . The Pikers , an all-male group , is the oldest such group on campus . The Greenleafs , an all-female group is the oldest -LRB- and only -RRB- female group on campus . The Mosaic Whispers , is the oldest co-ed group on campus . They have produced 9 albums and have appeared on a number of compilation albums , including Ben Folds ' Ben Folds Presents : University A Cappella ! The Amateurs , who also appeared on this album , is another co-ed a cappella group on campus . They have recorded seven albums and toured extensively . It has released three albums and has won several Contemporary A Capella Recording -LRB- CARA -RRB- awards . In 2008 the group performed on MSNBC during coverage of the vice presidential debate with specially written songs about Joe Biden and Sarah Palin . The Ghost Lights , is the campus 's newest and only Broadway , Movies , and Television soundtrack group .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did the group perform behind the scenes in MSNBC?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2008",
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              "original_question": "When did the group After Dark perform MSNBC?"
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          "context": ". When the black kit was worn Everton were nicknamed `` The Black Watch '' , after the famous army regiment . Since going blue in 1901 , Everton have been given the simple nickname `` The Blues '' . , which is thought to have inspired the nickname `` The School of Science '' . When David Moyes arrived as manager he proclaimed Everton as `` The People 's Club '' , which has been adopted as a semi-official club nickname .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Everton Football Club turn blue?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1901",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the Everton Football Club \"go blue\"?"
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          "context": "Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week , and the judges decided to use their `` save '' option on her , making her the first female recipient of the save . The following week , unlike previous seasons , Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home . Sanchez later made the final two , the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale .",
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              "question": "Who was eliminated a week after judge Jessica Sanchez was rescued?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Colton Dixon",
                  "answer_start": 238
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was eliminated the week after judges saved Jessica Sanchez on American Idol?"
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          "context": "Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double . In 1993 , Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season when they beat Sheffield Wednesday 2 -- 1 in both finals . -- 99 . -- 01 , Liverpool won the FA Cup , League Cup and UEFA Cup to complete a cup treble . An English Treble has never been achieved .",
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              "question": "When did this happen?",
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              "original_question": "What year did that take place? "
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          "context": "Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other , their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship . , and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt 's theatricality , showmanship and success . Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin 's Op. 10 Études , `` I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies . '' However , Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments , at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all , forcing an apology . Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other , although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as `` my friend Liszt '' . Some commentators point to events in the two men 's romantic lives which led to a rift between them .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who did Chopin dedicate his portfolio 10 to?",
              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who did Chopin dedicate the Op. 10 Études to?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10023_s",
          "context": "Throughout her career Madonna has been involved in writing and producing most of her own music . , her first attempts at songwriting are perceived as an important self-revelation , as Madonna said : `` I do n't know where -LSB- the songs -RSB- came from . It was like magic . I 'd write a song every day . I said ` Wow , I was meant to do this ' . '' , her first producer , believed that Madonna is `` a much underrated musician and lyricist . '' . '' , Madonna 's talent for developing `` incredible '' hooks for her songs allows the lyrics to capture the attention of the audience , even without the influence of the music . As an example , just let the music set you free ; Touch my body , and move in time , now I know you 're mine . '' Madonna 's songwriting are often autobiographical over the years , dealing with various themes from love and relationships to self-respect and female empowerment . Her songs also speak about taboo and unconventional issues of their period , such as sexuality and AIDS on Erotica -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Many of her lyrics contain innuendos and double entendre , which lead to multiple interpretations among music critics and scholars . Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame twice , for 2014 and 2016 ceremony . Rolling Stone listed Madonna at number 56 on the `` 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time '' .",
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              "question": "Who created their own music?",
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              "original_question": "Who writes and creates most of her own music?"
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          "context": "Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches , having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon . Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church , which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion , not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion . During its later political eclipses , Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity . However , the continuous upheavals , which characterized the political scenes of Armenia , made the political power move to safer places . The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority . Therefore , it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia .",
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              "question": "Where are Armenian Catholics attracted?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Cilicia",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?"
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          "context": "With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty . To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years , an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies . In the meanwhile , Julian , who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria , the Prefect of Egypt , peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate , on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency . , who , though described in the `` Chronicon Athanasianum '' -LRB- XXXV -RRB- as a `` philosopher '' , seems to have behaved with brutal insolence . On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor 's decree ; but Athanasius urged them to submit , consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration .",
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              "question": "Who is jealous of Athanasius' influence?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Julian",
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              "original_question": "Who was jealous of Athanasius's influence?"
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        {
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          "context": "The divisions between all these groups are approximate and their boundaries are not always clear . The Mizrahim for example , are a heterogeneous collection of North African , Central Asian , Caucasian , and Middle Eastern Jewish communities that are no closer related to each other than they are to any of the earlier mentioned Jewish groups . In modern usage , however , the Mizrahim are sometimes termed Sephardi due to similar styles of liturgy , despite independent development from Sephardim proper . Thus , among Mizrahim there are Egyptian Jews , Iraqi Jews , Lebanese Jews , Kurdish Jews , Libyan Jews , Syrian Jews , Bukharian Jews , Mountain Jews , Georgian Jews , Iranian Jews and various others . The Teimanim from Yemen are sometimes included . In addition .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Where did the temans come from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yemen",
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              "original_question": "Where are the Teimanim from?"
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          "context": "Residents of Norfolk Island do not pay Australian federal taxes, creating a tax haven for locals and visitors alike. Because there is no income tax, the island's legislative assembly raises money through an import duty, fuel levy, medicare levy, GST of 12% and local/international phone calls. In a move that apparently surprised many islanders the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island, David Buffett, announced on 6 November 2010 that the island would voluntarily surrender its tax free status in return for a financial bailout from the federal government to cover significant debts. The introduction of income taxation will now come into effect on July 1, 2016, with a variation of opinion on the island about these changes but with many understanding that for the island's governance to continue there is a need to pay into the commonwealth revenue pool so that the island can have assistance in supporting its delivery of State government responsibilities such as health, education, medicare, and infrastructure. Prior to these reforms residents of Norfolk Island were not entitled to social services. It appears that the reforms do extend to companies and trustees and not only individuals.",
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              "question": "Who is the Prime Minister of Norfolk?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "David Buffett",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14987_s",
          "context": "Philadelphia Gas Works -LRB- PGW -RRB- , overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission , is the nation 's largest municipally owned natural gas utility . It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area . , the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits . , the Philadelphia City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $ 1.86 billion sale of PGW . The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer .",
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              "question": "When did PGW take over?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the city take PGW over?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7244_s",
          "context": "During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873 , a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic , the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia -LRB- proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August -RRB- . It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy , as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie . The city surrendered on 7 August ; Alfonso XII was proclaimed king on 29 December 1874 , and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid , marking the end of the first republic . Despite the Bourbon restoration , the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890 , after which the Republicans , gained considerably more of the popular vote .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who became king in 1874?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alfonso XII",
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              "original_question": "Who became king in 1874?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12206_s",
          "context": "On June 22 , 1990 , Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament . On July 11 . , on July 18 . - with a vote of 355 in favour and four against . The people 's deputies voted 339 to 5 to proclaim July 16 a Ukrainian national holiday .",
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              "question": "Who was elected as the new Deputy Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in July this year?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Volodymyr Ivashko",
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              "original_question": "Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10006_s",
          "context": "Her tenth studio album , Confessions on a Dance Floor , was released in November 2005 . Musically the album was structured like a club set composed by a DJ . It was acclaimed by critics , with Keith Caulfield from Billboard commenting that the album was a `` welcome return to form for the Queen of Pop . '' The album won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album . Confessions on a Dance Floor and its lead single , `` Hung Up '' , went on to reach number one in 40 and 41 countries respectively , earning a place in Guinness World Records . The song contained a sample of ABBA 's `` Gim me ! Gim me ! Gim me ! , only the second time that ABBA has allowed their work to be used . ABBA songwriter Björn Ulvaeus remarked `` It is a wonderful track -- 100 per cent solid pop music . '' `` Sorry '' , the second single , became Madonna 's twelfth number-one single in the UK .",
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              "question": "When was the confession announced on the dance floor?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "November 2005",
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          "context": "Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor . The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government . The current governor is George Fergusson ; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012 . Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom , which also retains responsibility to ensure good government . It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda . Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory , but it is the oldest British colony . In 1620 , a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance , the Tynwald of the Isle of Man , the Althing of Iceland . Of these , only Bermuda 's and the Isle of Man 's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620 .",
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              "question": "Who is the governor of Bermuda?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "George Fergusson",
                  "answer_start": 210
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              "original_question": "Who is currently the governor of Bermuda?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6178_s",
          "context": "In the 16th century , Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as Joachimstalers -LRB- from German thal , or nowadays usually Tal , `` valley '' , cognate with `` dale '' in English -RRB- , the valley where the silver was mined -LRB- St. Joachim 's Valley ; then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia , now part of the Czech Republic -RRB- . , a word that eventually found its way into Danish and Swedish as daler , Norwegian as dalar and daler , Dutch as daler or daalder , Ethiopian as ታላሪ -LRB- talari -RRB- , Hungarian as tallér , Italian as tallero , and English as dollar . Alternatively , thaler is said to come from the German coin Guldengroschen -LRB- `` great guilder '' , being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder -RRB- , minted from the silver from Joachimsthal .",
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              "question": "Who started marking coins called Joachim?",
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              "original_question": "Who began minting the coins known as Joachimstalers?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-152_s",
          "context": "As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The treaty was ratified in 1859. While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891.",
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              "question": "Who negotiated the Hellgate contract?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Isaac Stevens",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty?"
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          "context": "Within the white inescutcheon , the five quinas -LRB- small blue shields -RRB- with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ -LRB- Portuguese : Cinco Chagas -RRB- when crucified and are popularly associated with the `` Miracle of Ourique '' . The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique -LRB- 25 July 1139 -RRB- . He foretold Afonso 's victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers . The messenger advised him to walk away from his camp , alone , if he heard a nearby chapel bell tolling . In doing so , he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the cross . Ecstatic , Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for the coming battles , as well as God 's wish to act through Afonso , and his descendants , in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands , thus choosing the Portuguese to perform great tasks .",
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              "question": "When did the battle of ORICH take place?",
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              "original_question": "On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?"
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        {
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          "context": "Nasser 's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority . A 350-member National Assembly was established , elections for which were held in July 1957 . Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates . The constitution granted women 's suffrage , prohibited gender-based discrimination , and entailed special protection for women in the workplace . Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser 's presidency . During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government , Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers , while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rcc",
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            "nasser"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728044f3acd2414000df24b_s",
              "question": "Who can approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , Derby returned to power . In 1866 . The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men , though she was not in favour of votes for women . Derby resigned in 1868 , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , and at the end of the year his Liberal rival , was appointed prime minister . ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "russell",
            "derby",
            "benjamin disraeli",
            "william ewart gladstone",
            "albert",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e05c0dadf01500fa1f65_s",
              "question": "Who came back to power after a brief reign?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Derby",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who returned to power after Russels brief rule of the ministry?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1314_s",
          "context": "Season ten of the series premiered on January 19 , 2011 . Many changes were introduced this season , from the format to the personnel of the show . , while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer . , the new partner of American Idol , acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "randy jackson",
            "nigel lythgoe",
            "lady gaga",
            "simon cowell",
            "steven tyler",
            "jimmy iovine",
            "beyoncé",
            "kara dioguardi",
            "interscope geffen a&m",
            "ellen degeneres",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650d_s",
              "question": "Who is the executive producer of American Idol Season 10?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nigel Lythgoe",
                  "answer_start": 156
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the executive producer of American Idols tenth season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10784_s",
          "context": ", Burke surveyed the causes of discontent : `` I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency , as they affect Ireland ; or of Indianism -LSB- i.e. corporate tyranny , as practiced by the British East Indies Company -RSB- , as they affect these countries , and as they affect Asia ; or of Jacobinism , as they affect all Europe , and the state of human society itself . The last is the greatest evil '' . By March 1796 , however Burke had changed his mind : `` Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies , which are sapping its foundations , Indianism , and Jacobinism . In some Cases they act separately , in some they act in conjunction : But of this I am sure ; that the first is the worst by far , and the hardest to deal with ; and for this amongst other reasons , that it weakens discredits , and ruins that force , which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other ; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1796",
            "may 1795"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b5565951b619008f7b4e_s",
              "question": "When did Burke decide that Hinduism was the biggest threat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1796",
                  "answer_start": 448
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1471_s",
          "context": "Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags , and remained there for a peaceful protest , never approaching the torch relay itself . Among them was Jane Birkin , who spoke to the media about the `` lack of freedom of speech '' in China . , President of the French Tibetan community , who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to `` remain calm , non-violent , peaceful '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jane birkin",
            "thupten gyatso"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d8e40fdc89441400fdb392_s",
              "question": "Who told the media that China lacked freedom of speech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jane Birkin",
                  "answer_start": 198
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who spoke to the media about China's lack of freedom of speech?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4953_s",
          "context": ". It appears to have multiple leadership . On the one hand its director is appointed by the president . It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence . On the other hand , Congress oversees its operations through a committee . , which furnished both military intelligence and clandestine military operations to the army during the crisis of World War II . Many revisions and redefinitions have taken place since then . , the government 's needs for strategic services have frustrated that intent from the beginning . The press received by the agency in countless articles , novels and other media have tended to create various popular myths ; for example , or that it contains the central intelligence capability of the United States . ; in fact .",
          "c_entity": [
            "army's office of strategic services",
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            "franklin d. roosevelt",
            "cia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f901629e9bad19000a07ba_s",
              "question": "Who monitors CIA operations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Congress",
                  "answer_start": 199
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who oversees the operations of the CIA?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12198_s",
          "context": "In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered . , a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners , friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains : human-rights activists Vasyl Stus , Oleksiy Tykhy , and Yuriy Lytvyn . Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery . , thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev . , the Ukrainian SSR 's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations . , coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president .",
          "c_entity": [
            "november 26, 1989",
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            "november 19, 1989",
            "december 1"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572826324b864d19001645aa_s",
              "question": "When was Ukrainian company officially established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mid-November",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7326_s",
          "context": "On September 11 , 2001 , as part of the September 11 attacks . Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon , Jr. on June 18 , 1945 , in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II .",
          "c_entity": [
            "simon b. buckner",
            "u.s. army",
            "timothy maude",
            "pentagon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d965afed7b91900d46250_s",
              "question": "Who was the highest ranking officer killed in the attack?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lieutenant General Timothy Maude",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the highest ranking official killed in the attack?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2036_s",
          "context": "The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen . Some recent scholarship , primarily in German , has revived this convention .",
          "c_entity": [
            "max müller",
            "christian lassen",
            "george abraham grierson",
            "robert needham cust"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddef9d9a695914005b96eb_s",
              "question": "Who used the word Iran for the first time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christian Lassen",
                  "answer_start": 78
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first used the term Iranian language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11626_s",
          "context": "At the beginning of the 13th century , there were reasonably accurate Latin translations of the main works of almost all the intellectually crucial ancient authors , allowing a sound transfer of scientific ideas via both the universities and the monasteries . By then . Precursors of the modern scientific method , influenced by earlier contributions of the Islamic world , can be seen already in Grosseteste 's emphasis on mathematics as a way to understand nature , particularly in his Opus Majus . Pierre Duhem 's provocative thesis of the Catholic Church 's Condemnation of 1277 led to the study of medieval science as a serious discipline , `` but no one in the field any longer endorses his view that modern science started in 1277 '' . However , many scholars agree with Duhem 's view that the Middle Ages were a period of important scientific developments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert grosseteste",
            "roger bacon",
            "albertus magnus",
            "pierre duhem"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f2f53acd2414000df09e_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the condemnation of Catholicism in 1277?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pierre Duhem",
                  "answer_start": 501
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Catholic Church's Condemnation of 1277?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17727_s",
          "context": "Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs , using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat 's - whisker detector . His research was distributed in Soviet , German and British scientific journals . Kurt Lehovec , Carl Accardo and Edward Jamgochian , pure .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1907",
            "1927",
            "1951",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730c1d7069b531400832312_s",
              "question": "When is electroluminescence detected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1907",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Electroluminescence discovered?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12488_s",
          "context": ", for most of this period -LRB- at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham -RRB- , the Tories retained party cohesion , with occasional hopes of regaining office . They acted as a united , though unavailing , opposition to Whig corruption and scandals . At times they cooperated with the `` Opposition Whigs '' , Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government ; however , the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party . They finally regained power with the accession of George III in 1760 under Lord Bute .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a century",
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            "1742"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572789855951b619008f8cb7_s",
              "question": "When will the Conservatives return to power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1760",
                  "answer_start": 566
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Tories regain power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18450_s",
          "context": "Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches , having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon . Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church , which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion , not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion . During its later political eclipses , Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity . The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin . However , the continuous upheavals , which characterized the political scenes of Armenia , made the political power move to safer places . The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority . Therefore .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573234a9e17f3d1400422724_s",
              "question": "Where are Armenian Catholics first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Echmiadzin",
                  "answer_start": 550
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Armenian Catholicosate located at first?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17420_s",
          "context": "Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub , and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports . One such example of this is The Terminal , a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal and must survive only on the food and shelter provided by the airport . They are also one of the major elements in movies such as The V.I.P.s , Airplane ! , Airport -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , Die Hard 2 , Soul Plane , Jackie Brown , Get Shorty , Home Alone , Liar Liar , Passenger 57 , Unaccompanied Minors , Catch Me If You Can , Rendition and The Langoliers . They have also played important parts in television series like Lost , The Amazing Race , America 's Next Top Model , Cycle 10 which have significant parts of their story set within airports . In other programmes and films , airports are merely indicative of journeys , e.g. Good Will Hunting .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573096e32461fd1900a9ced6_s",
              "question": "When was the film made from the airport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 504
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the movie Airport made?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13171_s",
          "context": "The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e0032ca10214002d9886_s",
              "question": "Who says Oklahoma prep is the best in America.?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "National Institute for Early Education Research",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11261_s",
          "context": ", the author of The History of Science , places , and times . '' He was one of the Islamic world 's leading writers in the field of medicine . , Abulcasis . He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance . , princeps medicorum -LRB- `` prince of physicians '' -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "avicenna",
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            "ibn al-nafis",
            "galen",
            "hippocrates"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f74fdd62a815002e966b_s",
              "question": "Who is another leader in Islamic medicine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abulcasis",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is another leading Islamic figure in medicine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14114_s",
          "context": "Coop et al. (2009) found \"a selected allele that strongly differentiates the French from both the Yoruba and Han could be strongly clinal across Europe, or at high frequency in Europe and absent elsewhere, or follow any other distribution according to the geographic nature of the selective pressure. However, we see that the global geographic distributions of these putatively selected alleles are largely determined simply by their frequencies in Yoruba, French and Han (Figure 3). The global distributions fall into three major geographic patterns that we interpret as non-African sweeps, west Eurasian sweeps and East Asian sweeps, respectively.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572910671d04691400779008_s",
              "question": "When did Kup and others discover a specific allele?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Coop and others find out something about a selected allele?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1311_s",
          "context": "Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges ' Save . That week , the first Idol alum to do so . Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21 , 2010 , and raised $ 45 million .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michael lynche",
            "adam lambert",
            "andrew garcia",
            "katie stevens"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db26c6e7c41114004b4e22_s",
              "question": "Who saved the judge?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Michael Lynche",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was saved with the Judges' Save?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . A Bronx Tale -LRB- 1993 -RRB- depicts gang activities in the Belmont `` Little Italy '' section of the Bronx . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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            "2005",
            "1974",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c8b0fdd8d15006c6ac2_s",
              "question": "When was the Bronx story published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'A Bronx Tale' released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15023_s",
          "context": "Most analyses place Kerry 's voting record on the left within the Senate Democratic caucus . , who often noted that in 2003 Kerry was rated the National Journal 's top Senate liberal . However . In fact , in terms of career voting records , the National Journal found that Kerry is the 11th most liberal member of the Senate . Most analyses find that Kerry is at least slightly more liberal than the typical Democratic Senator . Kerry has stated that he opposes privatizing Social Security , supports abortion rights for adult women and minors , supports same-sex marriage , opposes capital punishment except for terrorists , supports most gun control laws , and is generally a supporter of trade agreements . Kerry supported the North American Free Trade Agreement and Most Favored Nation status for China , but opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac29334ae481900deacc4_s",
              "question": "When was Kerry called a liberal in the supreme Senate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Kerry called the 'top Senate liberal'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10057_s",
          "context": "Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings , William , Duke of Normandy , was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066 . William constructed the Tower of London , the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone , in the southeastern corner of the city , to intimidate the native inhabitants . , William II began the building of Westminster Hall , close by the abbey of the same name . The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster .",
          "c_entity": [
            "christmas day 1066",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727eb304b864d190016401c_s",
              "question": "When was Prince William II. King of England in Normandy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Christmas Day 1066",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what day did Duke William II of Normandy become King of England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18469_s",
          "context": "On July 26 , 1931 , Rutherford introduced the new name -- Jehovah 's witnesses -- based on Isaiah 43:10 : `` Ye are my witnesses , saith Jehovah , and my servant whom I have chosen '' -- which was adopted by resolution . The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society , as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods . In 1932 , Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938 , introduced what he called a `` theocratic '' -LRB- literally , God-ruled -RRB- organizational system , under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brooklyn",
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            "columbus"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323f34b9d445190005e91a_s",
              "question": "Where do municipalities around the world meet?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Brooklyn headquarters",
                  "answer_start": 711
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2116_s",
          "context": ". It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional . In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States , Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of `` fair competition . '' It was held that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers . The Court , however , has deemed that phrases such as `` just and reasonable , '' `` public interest '' and `` public convenience '' suffice .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de2d374396321400ee2636_s",
              "question": "When was the original intention of Congress to try to transfer legislative responsibility established in violation of the Constitution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1930s",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7415_s",
          "context": ". The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991 , a successor of the ELF , defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570e30ec0dc6ce1900204e57_s",
              "question": "Who launched an armed struggle for independence after Eritrea was admitted in 1962?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ELF",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-231_s",
          "context": "In September 1828 Chopin , while still a student , visited Berlin with a family friend , zoologist Feliks Jarocki . On an 1829 return trip to Berlin -- himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist . , he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano , Op. 3 .",
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            "chopin",
            "posen"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf69144df3c31400b0d746_s",
              "question": "Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Feliks Jarocki",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12907_s",
          "context": "In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.",
          "c_entity": [
            "coleman young"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c20e2ca10214002d9584_s",
              "question": "Who was Detroit's first black mayor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Coleman Young",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9307_s",
          "context": "As with personae in general , a character 's face or heel alignment may change with time , or remain constant over its lifetime -LRB- the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat , a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career -RRB- . Sometimes a character 's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character 's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will , in practice , become a face persona , and what was previously the face persona , will turn into the heel persona , as opposed to his original `` Rocky Maivia '' babyface persona . , who was originally booked as a heel , with such mannerisms as drinking on the job , using profanity , breaking company property , and even breaking into people 's private homes . However . He , along with the stable of D-Generation X .",
          "c_entity": [
            "steve austin",
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            "ricky steamboat",
            "dwayne johnson"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266a045951b619008f71f1_s",
              "question": "Who is a wrestler who has never changed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ricky Steamboat",
                  "answer_start": 175
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is a wrestler who never turned? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8801_s",
          "context": "Investitures , which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword , and other awards take place in the palace 's Ballroom , built in 1854 . At 36.6 m -LRB- 120 ft -RRB- long , 18 m -LRB- 59 ft -RRB- wide and 13.5 m -LRB- 44 ft -RRB- high , it is the largest room in the palace . It has replaced the throne room in importance and use . During investitures , the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant , domed velvet canopy , known as a shamiana or a baldachin . A military band plays in the musicians ' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours , watched by their families and friends .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725ef6e271a42140099d340_s",
              "question": "When was the ballroom built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1854",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was The Ballroom built?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10337_s",
          "context": "The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.",
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            {
              "id": "57269c5f5951b619008f77bd_s",
              "question": "Where did the sun lose a large part of its daily sales through the front page?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Liverpool",
                  "answer_start": 33
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15541_s",
          "context": "Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games . He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone 's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs ' Paul Rugg , Goosebumps : Escape from HorrorLand , Skullmonkeys , Dilbert 's Desktop Games , Goosebumps , Boombots -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , T'ai Fu : Wrath of the Tiger -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . : Boom Blox Bash Party -RRB- . , he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig . , Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair . He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts . , Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998",
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            "2005",
            "1997",
            "2009",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c705e17f3d14004223cf_s",
              "question": "When was the baby boom robot released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 374
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Boombots released?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1537_s",
          "context": ". They taught generations of Whitehead scholars , the most notable of which is John B. Cobb , Jr. .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "bernard meland",
            "bernard loomer"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57337479d058e614000b5b42_s",
              "question": "Who is the most famous idiot scholar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John B. Cobb",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who id the most well-known Whitehead scholar?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8166_s",
          "context": ", and encouraged the growth of the republican movement . She did undertake her official government duties , yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences -- Windsor Castle , Balmoral Castle . In March 1864 , a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced `` these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant 's declining business '' . Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572646e3708984140094c139_s",
              "question": "Who suggested that Victoria be frightened in public?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Her uncle Leopold",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public?"
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5830_s",
          "context": "At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler , with P. J. Escalante for his deputy , and a council to guide the administration . , but Escalante refused to surrender office , demonstrations of support ensued , but Escalante yielded when troops were summoned from Zacatecas . A new election brought a new legislature , and conforming governors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gutiérrez",
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            "josé urrea"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070a329e06ca38007e92e6_s",
              "question": "Who is his deputy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "P. J. Escalante",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was his deputy?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7422_s",
          "context": "In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II , Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea , a colony of the Kingdom of Italy . In the Treaty of Wuchale -LRB- It . , King Menelik of Shewa , a southern Ethiopian kingdom , recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals ' lands of Bogos , Hamasien , Akkele Guzay , and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition . His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II -LRB- r. 1889 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e39f50dc6ce1900204eaf_s",
              "question": "When did emperor uhannes die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1889",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Emperor Yohannes II die?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-443_s",
          "context": "During this time , fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic . In return , and the Zoras of Lanayru . Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the Fused Shadows . , she ridicules him for abusing his tribe 's magic , and then leaves Midna in Hyrule to die from the world 's light . Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda , Link learns he needs the Master Sword to return to human form . Midna is moved by Zelda 's sacrifice , and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world .",
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              "question": "Who sacrificed himself to save midna?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zelda",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sacrifices herself to save Midna?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6350_s",
          "context": ", Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president . The elections were held on 13 June , where he got 61.35 % -LRB- 57,088 votes , a record -RRB- of total votes . In November 2010 , Barcelona defeated their main rival -- 0 in El Clásico . In the 2010 -- 11 season , their third title in succession , finishing with 96 points . In April 2011 , the club reached the Copa del Rey final , losing 1 . In May -- 1 held at Wembley Stadium , a repeat of the 2009 final , winning their fourth European Cup . In August 2011 . The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "david villa",
            "javier mascherano",
            "real madrid",
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            "liverpool",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c6652fed7b91900d4599d_s",
              "question": "Who was elected president of Barcelona in 2010?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sandro Rosell",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1965_s",
          "context": "In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.",
          "c_entity": [
            "national defence"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd4_s",
              "question": "Who created an office to study these effects?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Minister of National Defence",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created an office to study these effects?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7246_s",
          "context": "Valencia is a bilingual city : Valencian and Spanish are the two official languages . Spanish is official in all of Spain , whereas Valencian is official in the Valencian Country , as well as in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands , where it receives the name of Catalan . Despite the differentiated denomination , the distinct dialectal traits and political tension between Catalonia and the Valencian Country , Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible and are considered two varieties of the same language . Valencian has been historically repressed in favour of Spanish . The effects have been more noticeable in the city proper , whereas the language has remained active in the rural and metropolitan areas . After the Castille-Aragon unification , a Spanish-speaking elite established itself in the city . In more recent history , the establishment of Franco 's military and administrative apparatus in Valencia further excluded Valencian from public life . Valencian recovered its official status , prestige and use in education after the transition to democracy in 1978 . However , Valencia has attracted immigration from other regions in Spain , and hence there is also a demographic factor for its declining social use . Due to a combination of these reasons , Valencia has become the bastion of anti-Catalan blaverism , which celebrates Valencian as merely folkloric , but rejects the existing standard which was adapted from Catalan orthography . , thanks to the education system , most Valencians have basic knowledge of both Spanish and Valencian , and either can be used in the city . Valencia is therefore the second biggest Catalan-speaking city after Barcelona . Institutional buildings and streets are named in Valencian . The city is also home to many pro-Valencian political and civil organisations . Furthermore , education entirely in Valencian is offered in more than 70 state-owned schools in the city , as well as by the University of Valencia across all disciplines .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1978"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d478afed7b91900d45df9_s",
              "question": "When did Valencia regain his official status?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 1078
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Valencian regain its offical status?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17430_s",
          "context": ", bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman , Prince Oleg , as regent for his young son . In 880-82 , Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river , proclaimed himself prince , and declared Kiev the `` mother of Rus ' cities . '' , imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes . In 883 , he conquered the Drevlians , imposing a fur tribute on them . By 885 he had subjugated the Poliane , forbidding them to pay further tribute to the Khazars . Oleg continued to develop and expand a network of Rus ' forts in Slav lands .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "prince oleg",
            "severiane"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730f58e05b4da19006bcc99_s",
              "question": "Who takes the lead when luric passes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Oleg",
                  "answer_start": 43
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When Rurik past away, who took over?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2873_s",
          "context": ". In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "october",
            "1918",
            "november 7, 1917"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e098f17aa994140058e612_s",
              "question": "When was the Treaty establishing the Soviet Union signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1922",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8655_s",
          "context": ", co-educational . Established in 1955 , it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country , blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities . The school 's headmaster , history professor Juan Pedro Toni . Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists , engineers , architects , lawyers , politicians and even F1 champions . The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay , the school 's alumni club .",
          "c_entity": [
            "carrasco",
            "old christians club",
            "international baccalaureate organization",
            "christian brothers of ireland stella maris college",
            "stella maris board of governors",
            "juan pedro toni"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e47289a1e219009ac055_s",
              "question": "Who is the director of the Christian brotherhood at Stella Maris College in Ireland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "professor Juan Pedro Toni",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3963_s",
          "context": ", a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover . The Presidential Libraries include :",
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            "nara"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78dc200c9c71400d772b1_s",
              "question": "Who is the first president in the archives of the presidential library system?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Herbert Hoover",
                  "answer_start": 111
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the earliest President that is represented in the archives of the Presidential Library system?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6474_s",
          "context": "Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s , including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza , and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury . , out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge . , often playing ballrooms , concert halls and clubs , among them the Beatles . After their national success from 1962 , a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts , including Gerry & the Pacemakers , the Searchers and Cilla Black . , or managed by Brian Epstein , were Freddie and the Dreamers , who were based in Manchester , as were Herman 's Hermits and the Hollies . Led by the Beatles , which made a major contribution to the development of rock music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "us",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570af7036b8089140040f651_s",
              "question": "Where are Freddy and the dreamer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manchester",
                  "answer_start": 677
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were Freddie and the Dreamers based?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5313_s",
          "context": "In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc38192603e7140040a025_s",
              "question": "When was the pronunciation mode of English published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              "original_question": "When was The Sound Pattern of English published?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7529_s",
          "context": "The \"Radical Enlightenment\" promoted the concept of separating church and state, an idea that often credited to English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke said that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john locke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710a004a58dae1900cd6ad4_s",
              "question": "Who is considered the concept of separation of church and state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Locke",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with the concept of separating church and state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2923_s",
          "context": "In 1945 , hoping to expand his American presence . The new combine , was a failure and was dissolved within one year . Rank and International remained interested in Universal , however . William Goetz , a founder of International , which also served as an import-export subsidiary , and copyright holder for the production arm 's films . Goetz , a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring `` prestige '' to the new company . He stopped the studio 's low-budget production of B movies , serials and curtailed Universal 's horror and `` Arabian Nights '' cycles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united world pictures",
            "kenneth young",
            "universal pictures company inc.",
            "william goetz",
            "j. arthur rank",
            "louis b. mayer",
            "universal-international pictures inc."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e161c3e3433e1400422e34_s",
              "question": "Who is William Goetz's father-in-law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis B. Mayer",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was William Goetz's father-in-law?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5951_s",
          "context": "METRO began light rail service on January 1 , 2004 , with the inaugural track -LRB- `` Red Line '' -RRB- running about 8 miles -LRB- 13 km -RRB- from the University of Houston -- Downtown -LRB- UHD -RRB- , which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park . METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines . and expand the current Red Line . Amtrak , the national passenger rail system , which stops at a train station on the north side of the downtown area . The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008 . In 2012 , there was a 25 percent increase in ridership to 20,327 passengers embarking from the Houston Amtrak station .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nrg park",
            "los angeles",
            "new orleans",
            "university of houston",
            "houston amtrak"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570aa3634103511400d598ae_s",
              "question": "Where does the red line end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "NRG Park",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Red Line rail track terminate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4002_s",
          "context": "In the U.S. News & World Report 's `` America 's Best Colleges '' 2016 issue .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ku's school of engineering",
            "u.s. news & world report"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e790e237bdd419002c414d_s",
              "question": "Who published the best universities in the United States in 2016?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "U.S. News & World Report",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published America's Best Colleges in 2016?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7592_s",
          "context": "In 1987 , in Canada , Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments , prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes , including Pierre Trudeau . , the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup . Elizabeth , as monarch of Fiji , supported the attempts of the Governor-General , Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau , to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement . Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic . , republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen 's private wealth -- which were contradicted by the Palace -- and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family . The involvement of the younger royals in the charity game show It 's a Royal Knockout was ridiculed and the Queen was the target of satire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the same year",
            "1987",
            "the start of 1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f92ba80d9841400ab35c9_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth support Canada's constitutional reform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1987",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Elizabeth support constitutional amendments in Canada?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14720_s",
          "context": "The stagnation and decline , Stephen Lee argues , was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566 , interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery . , `` a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566 . '' Although there are dissenting scholars , most historians point to `` degenerate Sultans , incompetent Grand Viziers , debilitated and ill-equipped armies , corrupt officials , avaricious speculators , grasping enemies , and treacherous friends . '' The main cause was a failure of leadership , with one exception , had performed admirably . , with two exceptions , were lackadaisical or incompetent rulers , says Lee . In a highly centralized system , the failure at the center proved fatal . A direct result was the strengthening of provincial elites who increasingly ignored Constantinople . Secondly the military strength of European enemies grew stronger and stronger , while the Ottoman armies and arms scarcely improved . Finally the Ottoman economic system grew distorted and impoverished , as war caused inflation , world trade moved in other directions , and the deterioration of law and order made economic progress difficult .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1292",
            "1703",
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            "1566"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a20e4af94a219006aa810_s",
              "question": "When did Suleyman die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1566",
                  "answer_start": 96
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Suleiman die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13822_s",
          "context": "Half the deported perished . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The activities of Soviet forces in 1940 -- 41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers , who consisted mostly of Estonian veterans of the German and Finnish armies and some civilians . This conflict continued into the early 1950s . Material damage caused by the world war and the following Soviet era significantly slowed Estonia 's economic growth , resulting in a wide wealth gap in comparison with neighbouring Finland and Sweden .",
          "c_entity": [
            "forest brothers",
            "stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b383ff5b5019007da4e1_s",
              "question": "Who launched a guerrilla war against the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Forest Brothers",
                  "answer_start": 191
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17980_s",
          "context": "Muhammad Ali Pasha evolved the military from one that convened under the tradition of the corvée to a great modernised army. He introduced conscription of the male peasantry in 19th century Egypt, and took a novel approach to create his great army, strengthening it with numbers and in skill. Education and training of the new soldiers was not an option; the new concepts were furthermore enforced by isolation. The men were held in barracks to avoid distraction of their growth as a military unit to be reckoned with. The resentment for the military way of life eventually faded from the men and a new ideology took hold, one of nationalism and pride. It was with the help of this newly reborn martial unit that Muhammad Ali imposed his rule over Egypt.",
          "c_entity": [
            "muhammad ali pasha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315767a5e9cc1400cdbec1_s",
              "question": "Who modernized the Egyptian army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Muhammad Ali Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who modernized Egyptian army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12414_s",
          "context": "West in 1930 and later P. G. A. H. Voigt -LRB- 1940 -RRB- showed that the early Wente-style condenser microphones contributed to a 4 to 6 dB midrange brilliance or pre-emphasis in the recording chain . Brilliance such as this compensated for dullness in many early magnetic pickups having drooping midrange and treble response . As a result , this practice was the empirical beginning of using pre-emphasis above 1,000 Hz in 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm records .",
          "c_entity": [
            "western electric",
            "p. g. a. h. voigt",
            "columbia records and victor talking machine company"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727eb443acd2414000defe5_s",
              "question": "Who found condensing microphones to help turn the style around?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "P. G. A. H. Voigt",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whom found Wente-style condenser microphones helpful?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8016_s",
          "context": "Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997 , when the Office of Management and Budget -LRB- OMB -RRB- changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses . , which allowed participants to select more than one of the six available categories , which were , in brief : `` White , '' `` Black or African American , '' `` Asian , '' `` American Indian or Alaskan Native , '' `` Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander , '' and `` Other . '' Further details are given in the article : Race -LRB- U.S. census -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "1997",
            "2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571df51db64a571400c71e2f_s",
              "question": "When did OMB change the census table's racial guidelines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the OMB change racial guidelines for the census form?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8789_s",
          "context": "By 1847 , the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family , and consequently the new wing , designed by Edward Blore , enclosing the central quadrangle . , facing The Mall , is today the `` public face '' of Buckingham Palace , and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour . The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nash",
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            "edward blore",
            "james pennethorne",
            "thomas cubitt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261391271a42140099d435_s",
              "question": "Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they needed more space?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edward Blore",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12303_s",
          "context": ". It has authority to interpret the constitution , and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional . It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law . Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law . The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member , the Chief Justice , and seven other judges . Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government . The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dublin",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278245f1498d1400e8fa30_s",
              "question": "Where is the Supreme Court of Ireland?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Four Courts in Dublin",
                  "answer_start": 601
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13607_s",
          "context": "In 2006 , due to ongoing violence , over 50,000 people in the country 's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- On 8 January 2008 . Three priority areas were identified : first , the reform of the security sector ; second , the promotion of good governance and the rule of law ; and third , the revitalization of communities affected by conflicts . On 12 June 2008 , which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos .",
          "c_entity": [
            "un peacebuilding commission",
            "united nations"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57281e0fff5b5019007d9d7d_s",
              "question": "Who helps people avoid hunger?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United Nations",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who assisted in saving the people from starvation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4466_s",
          "context": "Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named \"San Bartolome\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "alonso de salazar"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f954c09b226e1400dd1338_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to observe the Marshall Islands from Europe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alonso de Salazar",
                  "answer_start": 17
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first person from Europe to observe the Marshall Islands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10030_s",
          "context": "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them . This would later raise Madonna 's interest in poetry . Later , Madonna commented : `` We were all wounded in one way or another by -LSB- her death -RSB- , and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else . The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something . If I had n't had that emptiness , I would n't have been so driven . Her death had a lot to do with me saying -- after I got over my heartache -- I 'm going to be really strong if I ca n't have my mother . I 'm going to take care of myself . '' , no doubt because of the devastation she felt , Madonna would never again allow herself , or even her daughter , to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died . `` Her death had taught -LSB- Madonna -RSB- a valuable lesson , that she would have to remain strong for herself because , she feared weakness -- particularly her own -- and wanted to be the queen of her own castle . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            "sylvia plath",
            "anne sexton",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f6ce708984140094d729_s",
              "question": "Who will feel deep sorrow when his mother's death disappears?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Madonna and her sisters",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who felt deep sadness as the death of their mother fades away?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1658_s",
          "context": "As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants. During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass. The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall. A 1994 survey has revealed several hundred indigenous species of plants including the naturalized varieties of flora; some growing in irrigated areas while the dry areas are dominated by the cacti variety. Sea grapes and palm trees are a common sight with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps. Coconut palm was brought to the island from the Pacific islands. Important plants noted on the island are:",
          "c_entity": [
            "pacific"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733759bd058e614000b5b5a_s",
              "question": "Where are the coconuts taken to Saint Bart?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Pacific islands",
                  "answer_start": 616
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6871_s",
          "context": ". The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty , as can the extraction of any indigenous species . The overfishing of krill , which plays a large role in the Antarctic ecosystem , led officials to enact regulations on fishing . The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources -LRB- CCAMLR -RRB- , a treaty that came into force in 1980 , requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem . Despite these new acts , unregulated and illegal fishing , particularly of Patagonian toothfish -LRB- marketed as Chilean Sea Bass in the U.S. -RRB- , remains a serious problem . The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980",
            "1978",
            "2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570da18bdf2f5219002ed07c_s",
              "question": "When will the Convention on the protection of Antarctic marine living resources enter into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1980",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources  come into force?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-239_s",
          "context": "In the spring of 1834 , Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller , and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn . After the festival , where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director . They spent what Mendelssohn described as `` a very agreeable day '' , playing and discussing music at his piano , and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow , director of the Academy of Art , and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing , Bendemann , Hildebrandt and Sohn . In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad , where he spent time with his parents ; it was the last time he would see them . , the Wodzińskis . , when she was eleven . The sixteen-year-old girl 's portrait of the composer is considered , along with Delacroix 's , as among Chopin 's best likenesses . , where he met Schumann , Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn , who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul , and who considered him `` a perfect musician '' . , and in September he proposed to Maria , whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle . , where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade . At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs , and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor , Op. 27 , No. 1 . The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her .",
          "c_entity": [
            "poland",
            "warsaw",
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            "düsseldorf",
            "dresden",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cbfbdd6d243a140015ee39_s",
              "question": "Where were Rick's parents when he last saw them in 1835?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carlsbad",
                  "answer_start": 526
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were Frédéric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10778_s",
          "context": "Burke supported the war against revolutionary France , seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war , rather than fighting against the whole nation of France . Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée , as `` the sole affair I have much heart in '' . Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there , as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris . Dundas did not follow Burke 's advice , however .",
          "c_entity": [
            "william windham",
            "burke",
            "henry dundas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b119708984140094cdff_s",
              "question": "Who forced Burke to send reinforcements to ravendi?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry Dundas",
                  "answer_start": 319
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14970_s",
          "context": "Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts . However , as a result of the city 's declining population , it now has only four : the 1st district ; the 2nd ; the 8th ; and the 13th . Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city , state and national elections , Republicans still have some support in the area , primarily in the northeast . , and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sam katz",
            "chaka fattah",
            "bob brady",
            "house",
            "brendan boyle",
            "mike fitzpatrick"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572aba19f75d5e190021fc7c_s",
              "question": "Who was the last Republican to compete in the mayor's office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sam Katz",
                  "answer_start": 368
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Republican to be fairly competitive in the mayoral race?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14333_s",
          "context": "Thomas J. Watson , Sr. , fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson , called on Flint and , was offered CTR . Watson joined CTR as General Manager then , was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved . Having learned Patterson 's pioneering business practices , Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR 's companies . He implemented sales conventions , `` generous sales incentives , a focus on customer service , an insistence on well-groomed , dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker '' . His favorite slogan , `` THINK '' , became a mantra for each company 's employees . , revenues more than doubled to $ 9 million and the company 's operations expanded to Europe , South America , Asia and Australia . `` Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR '' and chose to replace it with the more expansive title `` International Business Machines '' . First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary , then as a line in advertisements . For example , the McClures magazine , v53 , has a full page ad with , at the bottom :",
          "c_entity": [
            "11 months later",
            "four years",
            "may 1921",
            "1914",
            "1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729baed1d046914007795d9_s",
              "question": "When was the name international business machine first used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 1027
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16621_s",
          "context": "The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side , with the distinction of being Tucson 's first suburb . Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza -LRB- built in 1948 -RRB- . Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park -LRB- a nature preserve -RRB- near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road . The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords , and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona , occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes . The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes .",
          "c_entity": [
            "january 8, 2011",
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            "1940s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5734291d4776f419006619d3_s",
              "question": "When was Casa adob square built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9818_s",
          "context": "An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard dawkins"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572671485951b619008f72c0_s",
              "question": "Who put forward the concept of \"survival machine\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Dawkins",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who proposes the concept of the \"survival machine?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-360_s",
          "context": "Meanwhile , the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region -LRB- modern Qinghai -RRB- . Klieger writes that Altan Khan 's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet . After Altan Khan made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571 , he invited the third hierarch of the Gelug , where he accidentally bestowed him and his two predecessors with the title of Dalai Lama -- `` Ocean Teacher '' . The full title was `` Dalai Lama Vajradhara '' , `` Vajradhara '' meaning `` Holder of the Thunderbolt '' in Sanskrit . Victoria Huckenpahler notes that Vajradhara is considered by Buddhists to be the primordial Buddha of limitless and all-pervasive beneficial qualities , a being that `` represents the ultimate aspect of enlightenment . '' Goldstein writes that Sönam Gyatso also enhanced Altan Khan 's standing by granting him the title `` king of religion , majestic purity '' . Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama officially recognized Altan Khan as the `` Protector of the Faith '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1578",
            "1588",
            "1507",
            "1543",
            "1582",
            "1571"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ed_s",
              "question": "When did artan Khan reconcile with the Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1571",
                  "answer_start": 264
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8379_s",
          "context": "Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as \"the all-knowing Yavanas\" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. \"The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy.\" and the creators of flying machines that are generally called vimanas. The \"Brihat-Samhita\" of the mathematician Varahamihira says: \"The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others.....\" .",
          "c_entity": [
            "varahamihira"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f02bec44d21400f3d767_s",
              "question": "Who wrote brihartsamhita?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Varahamihira",
                  "answer_start": 423
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10829_s",
          "context": "As a Cardinal , where he visited Ghana , Sudan , Kenya , Congo , Rhodesia , South Africa , and Nigeria . After his journey . In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil -LRB- 1960 -RRB- and the USA -LRB- 1960 -RRB- , including New York City , Washington , DC , Chicago , the University of Notre Dame in Indiana , Boston , Philadelphia , and Baltimore . While a cardinal , he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey , a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960",
            "several hours",
            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b375708984140094ce34_s",
              "question": "When did Montini visit the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Montini visit the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17278_s",
          "context": "In March 2003 , a second rebel group , began launching attacks against Taylor from the southeast . Peace talks between the factions began in Accra in June of that year . By July 2003 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "accra",
            "liberia",
            "sierra leone",
            "mass",
            "monrovia",
            "nigeria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57301f0704bcaa1900d771cb_s",
              "question": "Where did the Liberian democratic movement and Taylor begin peace talks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Accra in June of that year",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "where did peace talks begin between Movement For democracy in Liberia and Taylor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10837_s",
          "context": "Pope Paul VI knew the Roman Curia well , having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954 . He implemented his reforms in stages , rather than in one fell swoop . On 1 March 1968 , he issued a regulation . On 28 March , and in several additional Apostolic Constitutions in the following years , he revamped the entire Curia , which included reduction of bureaucracy , streamlining of existing congregations and a broader representation of non-Italians in the curial positions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pontificalis domus",
            "paul vi",
            "roman curia",
            "pius xii",
            "john xxiii"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726be6b708984140094d011_s",
              "question": "Who did Paul VI work for from 192 to 1954?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Roman Curia",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "For whom did Paul VI work for from 1922 to 1954?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12625_s",
          "context": "The climate of Cork , is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes . Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b . , a few kilometres south of the city . It should be noted that the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres -LRB- 495 ft -RRB- and temperatures can often differ by a few degrees between the airport and the city itself . There are also smaller synoptic weather stations at UCC and Clover Hill .",
          "c_entity": [
            "airport",
            "clover hill",
            "cork",
            "ireland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ab6e2ca10214002d9351_s",
              "question": "Where is the weather station near Cork?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "UCC and Clover Hill",
                  "answer_start": 415
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are some weather stations near Cork?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8366_s",
          "context": "The kingdom grew to its largest extent under Mithridates VI , who conquered Colchis , Cappadocia , Paphlagonia , Bithynia , Lesser Armenia , the Bosporan Kingdom . Mithridates VI , himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry , presented himself as the protector of the Greeks against the ` barbarians ' of Rome styling himself as `` King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus . '' and as the `` great liberator '' . After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic wars , Pontus was defeated , part of it was incorporated into the Roman Republic as the province Bithynia and Pontus and the eastern half survived as a client kingdom .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tauric chersonesos",
            "alexander",
            "mithridates vi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725de2a38643c19005ace0c_s",
              "question": "Who calls himself king yupa or Dionysus of Mithridates?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mithridates VI",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called themselves King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9912_s",
          "context": "While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken , it did not collapse . Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region , though on these occasions with American approval , as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan 's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States . , Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez , which included the ones in the Middle East , and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore . , Bahrain in 1971 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "1958",
            "january 1968",
            "another decade",
            "1976",
            "1967",
            "1957",
            "a few weeks",
            "1961"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268e54dd62a815002e8967_s",
              "question": "When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1971",
                  "answer_start": 580
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5069_s",
          "context": "The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer . In 2008 . This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a . ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format . m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface . More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its ` as broadcast ' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1212",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56facca98f12f319006301b9_s",
              "question": "When was the hauppauge1212 personal video recorder launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4445_s",
          "context": ", whom he married in 1940 . In May 1941 , she gave birth to their son . , Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović , who , served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary . Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor , his Belgrade residence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "herta haas",
            "davorjanka paunović",
            "tito",
            "avnoj",
            "aleksandar",
            "zdenka",
            "broz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82a24aef2371900625e78_s",
              "question": "Who did Tito have a similar life with during his marriage to Haas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Davorjanka Paunović",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14339_s",
          "context": "The company 's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management . , William R. Brody '07 -LRB- Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University -RRB- , W. James McNerney .",
          "c_entity": [
            "'09",
            "november 2010",
            "'08",
            "'04",
            "'00",
            "year",
            "'03",
            "'05",
            "'06",
            "'07",
            "'98",
            "'10",
            "'01"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729c6f9af94a219006aa613_s",
              "question": "When did William Brody join the IBM board of directors?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "'07",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18144_s",
          "context": "Extraordinary circumstances called for extraordinary sacrifice : in one of the many crises of the Second Punic War , to be rendered after five more years of protection from Hannibal and his allies . The `` contract '' with Jupiter is exceptionally detailed . All due care would be taken of the animals . If any died or were stolen before the scheduled sacrifice , they would count as already sacrificed , since they had already been consecrated . Normally , if the gods failed to keep their side of the bargain , the offered sacrifice would be withheld . In the imperial period . In Pompeii , the Genius of the living emperor was offered a bull : presumably a standard practise in Imperial cult , though minor offerings -LRB- incense and wine -RRB- were also made .",
          "c_entity": [
            "trajan",
            "hannibal",
            "jupiter capitolinus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b8a4e17f3d140042231d_s",
              "question": "Who does Rome want to protect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hannibal",
                  "answer_start": 173
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From whom was Rome asking for protection?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17710_s",
          "context": "In addition to basic uniform clothing, various badges are used by the USAF to indicate a billet assignment or qualification-level for a given assignment. Badges can also be used as merit-based or service-based awards. Over time, various badges have been discontinued and are no longer distributed. Authorized badges include the Shields of USAF Fire Protection, and Security Forces, and the Missile Badge (or \"pocket rocket\"), which is earned after working in a missile system maintenance or missile operations capacity for at least one year.",
          "c_entity": [
            "at least one year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57310ecc497a881900248b5c_s",
              "question": "When will U.S. Air Force personnel working in missile defense system get special \"pocket missile shield\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "at least one year",
                  "answer_start": 523
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the special \"pocket rocket\" badge given to USAF personnel working in a missile system operation? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18518_s",
          "context": ". His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey . With his excellent memory and ability to focus , Eisenhower was skilled at card games . He learned poker , which he called his `` favorite indoor sport , '' in Abilene . Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates ' poker losses for payment after graduation , and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him . , Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months .",
          "c_entity": [
            "outfield",
            "abilene",
            "west point"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324575e99e3014001e660d_s",
              "question": "Where did Eisenhower learn poker?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abilene",
                  "answer_start": 246
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13240_s",
          "context": "However , the army was hopeless in battle against the western forces . In the year 1001 , soon after Sultan Mahmud came to power and was occupied with the Qarakhanids north of the Hindu Kush , near present-day Peshawar . After the Battle of Peshawar , he committed suicide because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the Shahi dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
            "peshawar",
            "ghazni"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728989e3acd2414000dfb4e_s",
              "question": "Where was Shashi defeated by Muslims?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Battle of Peshawar",
                  "answer_start": 231
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the location of the Shahi defeat by the Muslims?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14220_s",
          "context": ", a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame . A group of Parisian aristocrats , known as Trouvères , became known for their poetry and songs . Troubadors were also popular . During the reign of Francois I , the lute became popular in the French court , and a national musical printing house was established . During the Renaissance era , the French Boleroroyals `` disported themselves in masques , ballets , allegorical dances , recitals , and opera and comedy '' . Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully , Jean-Philippe Rameau , and François Couperin and were popular . The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795 . , Paris had become an important centre for symphony , ballet and operatic music . Romantic-era composers -LRB- in Paris -RRB- include Hector Berlioz -LRB- La Symphonie fantastique -RRB- , Charles Gounod -LRB- Faust -RRB- , Camille Saint-Saëns -LRB- Samson et Delilah -RRB- , Léo Delibes -LRB- Lakmé -RRB- and Jules Massenet -LRB- Thaïs -RRB- , among others . Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon ; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy -LRB- -LRB- La Mer -RRB- and Maurice Ravel -LRB- Boléro -RRB- also made significant contributions to piano -LRB- Clair de lune , Miroirs -RRB- , orchestra , opera -LRB- Palléas et Mélisande -RRB- , and other musical forms . Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence . They include Frédéric Chopin -LRB- Poland -RRB- , Franz Liszt -LRB- Hungary -RRB- , Jacques Offenbach -LRB- Germany -RRB- , and Igor Stravinsky -LRB- Russia -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the late 12th-century",
            "1795",
            "1870",
            "3 march 1875"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fa29af94a219006a9ea4_s",
              "question": "When was the Paris Conservatory of music founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1795",
                  "answer_start": 650
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5315_s",
          "context": "In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fc3b342603e7140040a038_s",
              "question": "When will John goldsmith share his work?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John Goldsmith share his work?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18257_s",
          "context": "The centrality of the \"separation\" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first case in which the court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state, having interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal legislature. Citing Jefferson, the court concluded that \"The First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state. That wall must be kept high and impregnable. We could not approve the slightest breach.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1947"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c3a2b9d445190005e51f_s",
              "question": "When is the central position of the concept of separation in the religious provisions of the constitution clear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1947",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the centrality of the \"separation\" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution made explicit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5590_s",
          "context": "Historically , migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle , and in the Book of Job , for species such as storks , turtle doves , and swallows . , and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking . Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites , as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms .",
          "c_entity": [
            "3,000 years ago",
            "recently",
            "1749",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5705e90375f01819005e7748_s",
              "question": "When did the migration start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "3,000 years ago",
                  "answer_start": 54
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was migration first recorded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2128_s",
          "context": "The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "james madison"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de42a5cffd8e1900b4b734_s",
              "question": "Who wrote that the legislature is the main Department of the government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Madison",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18571_s",
          "context": ", Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to `` Free Vietnam '' -LRB- the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955 -RRB- , effectively elevating the country to sovereign status . Collins ' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism , by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign . In February 1955 , Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem 's army . After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam -LRB- RVN , Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military , economic , and technical assistance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "late 1954",
            "october",
            "february 1955"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573274070fdd8d15006c6ae8_s",
              "question": "When did Eisenhower send military advisers to South Vietnam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1955",
                  "answer_start": 338
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11897_s",
          "context": "Many -LSB- who ? -RSB- expected BSkyB to make a bid to show some of the remaining FA Cup games for the remainder of the 2009 -- 10 season which would include a semi-final and shared rights to the final . -- 11 season . The 2011 final was also shown live on Sky 3D in addition to ESPN -LRB- who provided the 3D coverage for Sky 3D -RRB- and ITV . Following the sale of ESPN 's UK and Ireland channels to BT , ESPN 's rights package transferred to BT Sport from the 2013 -- 14 season .",
          "c_entity": [
            "espn",
            "bt sport",
            "setanta"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727955bf1498d1400e8fcd4_s",
              "question": "Who took over after ESPN?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "BT Sport",
                  "answer_start": 446
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over after ESPN? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1296_s",
          "context": "In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 23"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db1dbfe7c41114004b4d79_s",
              "question": "When was the last broadcast?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 23",
                  "answer_start": 7
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the finale aired?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-252_s",
          "context": "Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65.",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 1848"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe20f234ae51400d9c003_s",
              "question": "When was Chopin's last performance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1848",
                  "answer_start": 202
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Chopin last perform?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1512_s",
          "context": "Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias . , Fu Ying , who accused Western media of `` demonising '' China during their coverage of the torch relays . '' . The report showed demonstrators carrying signs which read `` Shame on some Western media '' ! '' . , some media -LSB- inaudible -RSB- , and they are just lying . '' Libération also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db779ee7c41114004b5164_s",
              "question": "Who is the Chinese ambassador to the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Fu Ying",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13562_s",
          "context": "The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations . After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry , the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870 . Modern group theory -- an active mathematical discipline -- studies groups in their own right.a -LSB- ' -RSB- To explore groups , mathematicians have devised various notions to break groups into smaller , better-understandable pieces , such as subgroups , quotient groups and simple groups . In addition to their abstract properties , group theorists also study the different ways in which a group can be expressed concretely -LRB- its group representations -RRB- , both from a theoretical and a computational point of view . A theory has been developed for finite groups . , geometric group theory , which studies finitely generated groups as geometric objects , has become a particularly active area in group theory .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572809ab2ca10214002d9c39_s",
              "question": "When was group gratitude called up and strictly managed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1870",
                  "answer_start": 208
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18343_s",
          "context": "Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage. As an answer to the \"social question\" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions). To Bismarck this was \"practical Christianity\". These programs, too, were copied by many other nations, particularly in the Western world.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57325c4ab9d445190005eaa1_s",
              "question": "Who launched social security first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chancellor Otto von Bismarck",
                  "answer_start": 499
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first introduced social insurance programs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14385_s",
          "context": "The winner , Taira no Kiyomori , became an imperial advisor , and was the first warrior to attain such a position . He eventually seized control of the central government , establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status . However , the Taira clan was still very conservative when compared to its eventual successor , and instead of expanding or strengthening its military might , the clan had its women marry Emperors and exercise control through the Emperor .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728edc03acd2414000e01eb_s",
              "question": "Who was the first soldier to become an imperial adviser?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taira no Kiyomori",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first warrior to become imperial advisor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11888_s",
          "context": "After being rendered obsolete by the redesign . , and his family kept it in their possession , out of view , until putting it up for auction in 2005 . The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia . The successful bidder was David Gold , the then joint chairman of Birmingham City ; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country , Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation . Accordingly , where it went on immediate public display . It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester . In November 2012 , it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers -- 1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278df3f1498d1400e8fbe6_s",
              "question": "Who won the bid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Gold",
                  "answer_start": 253
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the bid? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8148_s",
          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , in 1840 . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5722c9db0dadf01500fa1ee9_s",
              "question": "Who did Victoria marry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Prince Albert",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Victoria marry?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13877_s",
          "context": "Throughout the history of the South Slavs , the vernacular , literary , and written languages -LRB- e.g. Chakavian , Kajkavian , Shtokavian -RRB- of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently . , they were collectively called `` Illyric '' , `` Slavic '' , `` Slavonian '' , `` Bosnian '' , `` Dalmatian '' , `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' . As such , the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824 . At that time , Serb and Croat lands were still part of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires . Officially , the language was called variously Serbo-Croat , Croato-Serbian , Serbian and Croatian , Croatian and Serbian , Serbian or Croatian , Croatian or Serbian . Unofficially , Serbs and Croats typically called the language `` Serbian '' or `` Croatian '' , respectively , without implying a distinction between the two , and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina , `` Bosnian '' , `` Croatian '' , and `` Serbian '' were considered to be three names of a single official language . , claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European , Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language , but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits -LRB- ` Bosnian ' and ` Montenegrin ' -RRB- . , use of the term `` Serbo-Croatian '' is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match . It is still used for lack of a succinct alternative , though alternative names have been used , such as Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian -LRB- BCS -RRB- , which is often seen in political contexts such as the Hague War Crimes tribunal .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1988",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572852b53acd2414000df90b_s",
              "question": "When was the first use of serbo Croatian?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1824",
                  "answer_start": 440
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the term Serbo-Croatian first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13333_s",
          "context": ". Nasser ultimately backed down , wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government . , who already had diabetes , to practically live on painkillers from then on .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572829183acd2414000df5e2_s",
              "question": "Who blinked in the confrontation between Nasser and emo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who blinked in the confrontation between Nasser and Amer?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3763_s",
          "context": "Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains , Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery . Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public , while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites . Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei 's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing 's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e79e2e00c9c71400d773d5_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Liu Bei",
                  "answer_start": 393
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2891_s",
          "context": ", Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev . Under his rule , the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation . Even after he died in 1982 , the era did n't end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e0a534231d4119001ac31b_s",
              "question": "When did Leonid bresnew die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1982",
                  "answer_start": 220
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Leonid Brezhnev die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3657_s",
          "context": "Another format , rhythmic AC , in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music , past and present , places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits , such as those by Amber , and includes dance remixes of pop songs , such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Braxton 's `` Unbreak My Heart '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "toni braxton",
            "c&c music factory"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6d3336fe0821900b8ebaa_s",
              "question": "Who sang the song \"unbreakable my heart\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Toni Braxton",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who performed the song \"Unbreak My Heart\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14272_s",
          "context": "A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship . The name of Apollo 's mother Leto has Lydian origin , and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor . , and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines . Omens , symbols , purifications , and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts , and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites . In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain `` purification '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "greece",
            "sibyl",
            "asia minor"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728d4442ca10214002da8d2_s",
              "question": "Where is Leto worshipped?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Asia Minor",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Leto worshipped?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15144_s",
          "context": "In his Science of Logic (1812–1814) Hegel argues that finite qualities are not fully \"real\" because they depend on other finite qualities to determine them. Qualitative infinity, on the other hand, would be more self-determining and hence more fully real. Similarly finite natural things are less \"real\"—because they are less self-determining—than spiritual things like morally responsible people, ethical communities and God. So any doctrine, such as materialism, that asserts that finite qualities or natural objects are fully real is mistaken.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572b755a34ae481900deae26_s",
              "question": "Who is the author of logical science?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hegel",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the author of Science of Logic?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18666_s",
          "context": "In the high Renaissance , in fact , there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity , including the writings of the Church fathers , the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels , would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement . With this end in view , Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought . One humanist , the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho -LRB- 1355 -- 1452 -RRB- , based in Mystras , Greece -LRB- but in contact with humanists in Florence , Venice , and Rome -RRB- taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "renaissance church",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57327e1757eb1f1400fd2d31_s",
              "question": "Who gives humanists the chance to cross national boundaries?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Renaissance Church authorities",
                  "answer_start": 299
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8530_s",
          "context": "Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders. Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that today includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869. Today, the main campus is a 240-acre (97 ha) parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The university's law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood. In 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication.",
          "c_entity": [
            "john evans"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725b464ec44d21400f3d40b_s",
              "question": "Who founded Northwest University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Evans",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded Northwestern University?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8302_s",
          "context": "Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725cd6a89a1e219009abef7_s",
              "question": "When will Israel join the OECD?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Israel join the OECD?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12046_s",
          "context": "The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina . At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 , the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew 's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of any Confederate regiment . During the Battle of Chickamauga , the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield . , the 75th North Carolina Regiment , a cavalry unit , fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War . , North Carolinians proudly boasted that they had been `` First at Bethel , Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga , and Last at Appomattox . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "july 1863",
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            "june 1861",
            "april 1865"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572798e7708984140094e1d7_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of Gettysburg?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1863",
                  "answer_start": 137
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the battle of Gettysburg?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12428_s",
          "context": "The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records. The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners. The LP record for longer works, 45 rpm for pop music, and FM radio became high fidelity program sources in demand. Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast and this in turn generated more record sales. The industry flourished.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727fc802ca10214002d9abe_s",
              "question": "When does business sound crazy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9875_s",
          "context": ", there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent , the Carnatic Wars , as the English East India Company -LRB- the Company -RRB- and its French counterpart , the Compagnie française des Indes orientales , struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire . The Battle of Plassey in 1757 , in which the British , led by Robert Clive , defeated the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies , left the Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India . France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states , ending French hopes of controlling India . , either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army , the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the middle decades of the 18th century",
            "the following decades",
            "1757"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b6c5951b619008f721c_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of plachy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1757",
                  "answer_start": 369
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Battle of Plassey?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14749_s",
          "context": "However , the collapsing Ottoman economy could not sustain the fleet 's strength for too long . Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha , and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War . He locked most of the fleet inside the Golden Horn , where the ships decayed for the next 30 years . Following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "committee of union and progress",
            "midhat pasha",
            "ottoman navy foundation"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a496c7a1753140016ae79_s",
              "question": "Who was the reformer supported by admiral Osman during the Russian Turkish war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Midhat Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 170
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the reformist that had the backing of Ottoman admirals during the Russo-Turkish war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5802_s",
          "context": "Back in America the scene had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago , Detroit , Newark and New York City . However , many independent Chicago-based record labels were making appearances on the Dance Chart with their releases . In the UK , any house song released by a Chicago-based label was routinely considered a must play at many clubs playing house music . Paradise Garage in New York City was still a top club . The emergence of Todd Terry , a pioneer of the genre , was important in America .",
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                  "text": "Todd Terry",
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              "original_question": "who was a pioneer of the genre in america?"
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          "context": "In 1912 , the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President . , the most powerful military force in China at the time . To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic . On March 10 , in Beijing .",
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              "question": "Who became the first interim president in Nanjing?",
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                  "text": "Sun Yat-sen",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Inaugurated in Nanjing as the first provisional president? "
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          "context": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania . The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania , John Moore , wrote of attending lodges there in 1715 . , based in Pennsylvania . , which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army . , applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival .",
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              "question": "Where is the earliest American log?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Pennsylvania",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the earliest known American Logdes located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18762_s",
          "context": "The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan , is based in Lahore , the capital of the Punjab Province . The Chief Minister of Punjab -LRB- CM -RRB- is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab , Pakistan . Thereafter got re-elected as a result of 11 May 2013 elections . The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab , which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan . The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats , with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When was Sharif re elected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "11 May 2013",
                  "answer_start": 359
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Sharif re-elected CM?"
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          "context": "The first technical dictionary was drafted by John Harris and entitled Lexicon Technicum : Or , An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences . Harris ' book avoided theological and biographical entries ; instead it concentrated on science and technology . Published in 1704 , the Lexicon technicum was the first book to be written in English that took a methodical approach to describing mathematics and commercial arithmetic along with the physical sciences and navigation . Other technical dictionaries followed Harris ' model , which included five editions , and was a substantially larger work than Harris ' . The folio edition of the work even included foldout engravings . The Cyclopaedia emphasized Newtonian theories , Lockean philosophy , and contained thorough examinations of technologies , such as engraving , brewing , and dyeing .",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1704",
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              "original_question": "What year was the Lexicon Technicum published?"
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          "context": "New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites , many of which are internationally known . Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill . The Mile , which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world , is actually three blocks longer than one mile -LRB- 1.6 km -RRB- . Ten museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue . The tenth museum , the Museum for African Art , however its Museum at 110th Street , the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the Guggenheim in 1959 . In addition to other programming , the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival , to promote the museums and increase visitation . Many of the world 's most lucrative art auctions are held in New York City .",
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              "question": "When was the Guggenheim built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1959",
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              "original_question": "When was the Guggenheim built?"
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          "context": "Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker . Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival . The feature film Siones Wedding , co-written by Oscar Kightley , was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia . , shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story . Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese , it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world .",
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              "question": "When was apron string released as the opening film of the New Zealand International Film Festival?",
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                  "text": "2008",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Apron Strings star as the opening film of the NZ International Film Festival?"
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          "context": "The Hanover Zoo is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe . , placing it among the best zoos in Germany . The zoo consists of several theme areas : Sambesi , Meyers Farm , Gorilla-Mountain , Jungle-Palace , and Mullewapp . Some smaller areas are Australia , the wooded area for wolves , and the so-called swimming area with many seabirds . There is also a tropical house , a jungle house , and a show arena . The new Canadian-themed area , Yukon Bay , opened in 2010 . In 2010 the Hanover Zoo had over 1.6 million visitors .",
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              "question": "When did the Canadian theme park of Hanover zoo open?",
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              "original_question": "When did the Canadian-theme area in the Hanover Zoo open?"
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          "context": "John , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands . Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174 , however . He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent . ; by the time Richard I became king in 1189 , John was a potential heir to the throne . John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard 's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade . Despite this , after Richard died in 1199 , John was proclaimed King of England .",
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              "question": "Who succeeded in resisting Richard's Royal chief executive?",
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                  "text": "John",
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              "original_question": "Who unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7338_s",
          "context": ", hostilities began between German and French republican forces near Orléans . At first . After the surrender of Metz , more than 100,000 well-trained and experienced German troops joined the German ` Southern Army ' . The French were forced to abandon Orléans on 4 December , and were finally defeated at the Battle of Le Mans -LRB- 10 .",
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              "question": "When was the French forced to leave Orleans?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "4 December",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date were the French forced to abandon Orleans?"
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        {
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          "context": "In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the Ottoman government started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre. Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing.",
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              "question": "When did the Russian Caucasian Army march towards East Anatolia?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "In 1915",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12514_s",
          "context": "The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century , with compositions by Josquin des Prez . The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument , although this instrument would merely double the singers ' parts and was not independent . By the 16th century , a cappella polyphony had further developed , but gradually , the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms . 16th century a cappella polyphony , nonetheless , continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day . Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by Palestrina , such as what was written for the Sistine Chapel was intended to be accompanied by an organ `` doubling '' some or all of the voices . , most notably in the aforementioned Mass in B Minor . Other composers that utilized the a cappella style , if only for the occasional piece , Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell ` amata -LRB- A lover 's tears at his beloved 's grave -RRB- , which was composed in 1610 , one of which was in the unaccompanied style . Learning from the preceding two composeres , chief among these were the pieces in the oratorio style , which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week , such as Christ 's suffering and the Passion . , and of these the latter three , which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints , were all done a cappella style . This was a near requirement for this type of piece , and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a plainchant .",
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              "id": "5727876f5951b619008f8c7b_s",
              "question": "Who is the famous Capella composer in the 15th century?",
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                  "text": "Josquin des Prez",
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              "original_question": "Who was a known composer of A cappella music in the 15th century?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8999_s",
          "context": "On 30 September . , but by some accounts North Korean commanders did not utilize these tactics effectively . Historian Bruce Cumings argues , however , with troops melting into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla raids on the UN forces spread out on the coasts .",
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              "question": "Who believes North Korea just doesn't seem to be effectively implementing its withdrawal plan?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Bruce Cumings",
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              "original_question": "Who believes that the North Koreans only appeared to fail to effective execute their withdrawal plan?"
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          "context": "On 27 June , and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi , head of state security , for charges concerning crimes against humanity . , claiming that it had `` no legitimacy whatsoever '' and highlighting that `` all of its activities are directed at African leaders '' . That month , in which they asserted that many of the accusations of mass human rights abuses made against Gaddafist forces lacked credible evidence , and were instead fabrications of the rebel forces which had been readily adopted by the western media . On 15 July 2011 , at a meeting in Istanbul . Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television , in which he called on supporters to `` Trample on those recognitions , trample on them under your feet ... They are worthless '' .",
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              "question": "Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?",
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                  "text": "Abdullah Senussi",
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              "original_question": "Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?"
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          "context": "In 2000 , the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology -LRB- IT -RRB- infrastructure . This project , ended up going far over budget and behind schedule . Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful , but attempts to develop new investigation software , outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation -LRB- SAIC -RRB- , were not . Virtual Case File , or VCF , as the software was known , was plagued by poorly defined goals , and repeated changes in management . , the FBI officially abandoned the project . At least $ 100 million -LRB- and much more by some estimates -RRB- was spent on the project , which never became operational . The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system , which IT experts consider woefully inadequate . , the FBI announced it was beginning a new , more ambitious software project , code-named Sentinel .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "original_question": "When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1909_s",
          "context": "The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.",
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                  "text": "1602",
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              "original_question": "When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9528_s",
          "context": "Lighthouse Point Park , a public beach run by the city , attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb . The park remains popular among New Haveners , and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse , and the Lighthouse Point Carousel , constructed in 1916 . Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
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              "question": "When was the New Haven lantern turret corner carousel built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1916",
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              "original_question": "In what year was New Haven's Lighthouse Point carousel constructed? "
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2828_s",
          "context": "At the same conference , Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled , `` Notes on the Original Affluent Society '' , in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as `` solitary , poor , nasty , brutish and short . According to Sahlins , ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society , and they still ate well . Their `` affluence '' came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense . Later , in 1996 . The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies , and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies . , on average , about 6.5 hours a day , where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day .",
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                  "text": "Marshall Sahlins",
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              "original_question": "Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7053_s",
          "context": "In September 1216 John began a fresh , vigorous attack . He marched from the Cotswolds , feigned an offensive to relieve the besieged Windsor Castle , and attacked eastwards around London to Cambridge to separate the rebel-held areas of Lincolnshire and East Anglia . From there he travelled north to relieve the rebel siege at Lincoln and back east to King 's Lynn , probably to order further supplies from the continent . -LSB- nb 17 -RSB- In King 's Lynn , John contracted dysentery , which would ultimately prove fatal . Meanwhile , Alexander II invaded northern England again ; John narrowly missed intercepting Alexander along the way . Tensions between Louis and the English barons began to increase , prompting a wave of desertions , including William Marshal 's son William and William Longespée , who both returned to John 's faction .",
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              "original_question": "When did John begin a fresh, vigorous attack?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-382_s",
          "context": "In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont.",
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                  "text": "Pierre Dandumont",
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              "original_question": "Who first leaked the photos of the new iPod color scheme?"
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          "context": "  France: The torch relay leg in Paris, held on April 7, began on the first level of the Eiffel Tower and finished at the Stade Charléty. The relay was initially supposed to cover 28 km, but it was shortened at the demand of Chinese officials following widespread protests by pro-Tibet and human rights activists, who repeatedly attempted to disrupt, hinder or halt the procession. A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes. Paris City officials had announced plans to greet the Olympic flame with peaceful protest when the torch was to reach the French capital. The city government attached a banner reading \"Paris defends human rights throughout the world\" to the City Hall, in an attempt to promote values \"of all humanity and of human rights.\" Members from Reporters Without Borders turned out in large numbers to protest. An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames are with the relay at all times to relight the torch. French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: \"I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying. They extinguished the flame despite the fact that there was no risk, and they could see it and they knew it. I don't know why they did it.\"",
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              "original_question": "What date did the torch relay begin in France?"
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          "context": "In the spring of 1834 . After the festival , the three visited Düsseldorf . , playing and discussing music at his piano , and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow . , where he spent time with his parents ; it was the last time he would see them . On his way back to Paris , he met old friends from Warsaw , the Wodzińskis . , when she was eleven . This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden , when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig . The sixteen-year-old girl 's portrait of the composer is considered . In October he finally reached Leipzig , and who considered him `` a perfect musician '' . , and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor , Op. 27 , No. 1 .",
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              "question": "Who is the dean of the art school Rick met on interstate 2522?",
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                  "text": "Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow",
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              "original_question": "Who was the director of the Academy of Art that Frédéric met while in Düsseldorf?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13948_s",
          "context": "In 1928 , he earned a doctorate in psychology , under the supervision of Karl Bühler . His dissertation was entitled `` Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie '' -LRB- The question of method in cognitive psychology -RRB- . In 1929 , he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school , which he started doing . -- 1985 -RRB- in 1930 . Fearing the rise of Nazism and the threat of the Anschluss , he started to use the evenings and the nights to write his first book Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie -LRB- The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge -RRB- . He needed to publish one to get some academic position in a country that was safe for people of Jewish descent . However , he ended up not publishing the two-volume work , but a condensed version of it with some new material , in 1934 . Here , he criticised psychologism , naturalism , inductionism , and logical positivism , and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science . In 1935 and 1936 , he took unpaid leave to go to the United Kingdom for a study visit .",
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              "question": "Who oversees Pope's doctorate?",
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              "original_question": "Who supervised Popper's doctorate?"
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          "context": ", and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans . Tito 's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June . However , fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked . In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict , as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier . On 28 June , the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia , citing `` nationalist elements '' that had `` managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership '' of the CPY . The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval , Tito would collapse ; ` I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito , ' Stalin remarked . The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states , while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged `` Titoists '' . Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito , none of which succeeded . In a correspondence between the two leaders , Tito openly wrote :",
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              "question": "Who attacked Tito several times?",
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              "original_question": "Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?"
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          "context": ", a brilliant new red appeared in Europe . , they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold ; they had the tiny cochineal , a parasitic scale insect which lived on cactus plants , which , when dried and crushed , made a magnificent red . The cochineal in Mexico was closely related to the Kermes varieties of Europe , but unlike European Kermes , and it was ten times stronger than the Kermes of Poland . It worked particularly well on silk , satin and other luxury textiles . In 1523 Cortes sent the first shipment to Spain . Soon cochineal began to arrive in European ports aboard convoys of Spanish galleons .",
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              "question": "When did Cortes send the first cochineal insect to Spain?",
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                  "text": "1523",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Cortes send the first cochineal to Spain?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17518_s",
          "context": "In 1568 , Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago , sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis . ; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay .",
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              "question": "When was Tuvalu discovered by Europeans?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14945_s",
          "context": "In the first decades of the 19th century . Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia 's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century . In 1871 , construction began on the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall . The commission maintains the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places , adding historic buildings , structures , sites , objects and districts as it sees fit .",
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              "question": "Who was the greatest architect in Philadelphia at the end of the 19th century?",
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              "original_question": "Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14327_s",
          "context": "The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company -LRB- CTR -RRB- through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company , the International Time Recording Company , the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company . , a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary . The initialism IBM followed . Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products , packaging and its logo .",
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              "question": "When was CTR founded?",
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                  "text": "1911",
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              "original_question": "In what year was CTR created?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14327_s",
          "context": ". , a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary . The initialism IBM followed . , packaging and its logo .",
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              "question": "Who created the IBM name?",
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                  "text": "Thomas J. Watson",
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              "original_question": "Who created the IBM name?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8182_s",
          "context": "Between April 1877 and February 1878 . , led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War . `` If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power '' , she wrote , `` we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars , somewhere or other , CONTINUALLY . '' , protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers : `` It is not in our custom to annexe countries '' , she said , `` unless we are obliged & forced to do so . '' To Victoria 's dismay , and Gladstone returned as prime minister . , she was blinded by `` fast falling tears '' , and erected a memorial tablet `` placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend , Victoria R.I. ''",
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              "question": "Who was elected prime minister after desarelli's defeat in the 1880 election?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Gladstone",
                  "answer_start": 497
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected Prime Minister after Disareli lost the election in 1880?"
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        {
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          "context": ", and Alan Rogerson describes the religion 's leadership as totalitarian . Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making , the religion 's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives . Critics also accuse the religion 's leaders of exercising `` intellectual dominance '' over Witnesses , controlling information and creating `` mental isolation '' .",
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              "question": "Who says the leader of Jehovah's witnesses is a totalitarian?",
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              "original_question": "Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? "
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          "context": "Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings , and wrote works in their honor . The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection , cataloging , and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths . The poet-critic Callimachus , a staunch elitist . He promoted short poetic forms such as the epigram , epyllion and the iambic and attacked epic as base and common -LRB- `` big book , big evil '' was his doctrine -RRB- . He also wrote a massive catalog of the holdings of the library of Alexandria , the famous Pinakes . Callimachus was extremely influential in his time and also for the development of Augustan poetry . Another poet , attempted to revive the epic for the Hellenistic world with his Argonautica . He had been a student of Callimachus and later became chief librarian -LRB- prostates -RRB- of the library of Alexandria . Pastoral poetry also thrived during the Hellenistic era , Theocritus was a major poet who popularized the genre .",
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              "question": "Who says \"big book, big evil\"?",
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              "original_question": "Who said \"Big book, big evil\"?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4621_s",
          "context": "; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism .",
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              "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e1774f_s",
              "question": "When was it to mount Matterhorn?",
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              "original_question": "When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2648_s",
          "context": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food . The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell , London . The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining , though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs .",
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                  "answer_start": 173
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              "original_question": "In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18208_s",
          "context": "On March 31 , 2010 , with the aim of simplifying the interface and increasing the time users spend on the site . Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented : `` We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter . '' In May 2010 , which it described as `` nearly double the prime-time audience of all three major US television networks combined '' . In May 2011 . In January 2012 .",
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              "original_question": "Who was the Google product manager in 2010?"
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          "context": "John was deeply suspicious of the barons , particularly those with sufficient power and wealth to potentially challenge the king . Numerous barons were subjected to John 's malevolentia , even including William Marshal , a famous knight and baron normally held up as a model of utter loyalty . The most infamous case , proved to be that of William de Braose , a powerful marcher lord with lands in Ireland . De Braose was subjected to punitive demands for money , -LSB- nb 13 -RSB- his wife and one of his sons were imprisoned by John , which resulted in their deaths . De Braose died in exile in 1211 . John 's suspicions and jealousies meant that he rarely enjoyed good relationships with even the leading loyalist barons .",
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              "original_question": "When did De Braose die?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12663_s",
          "context": "The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a \"Federation of Sovereign States\" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America. In this Federation, each State had a \"President\" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of \"State Armies,\" while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state.",
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              "original_question": "When did the federal war end?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4195_s",
          "context": "The Slavic autonym *Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo \"word\", originally denoting \"people who speak (the same language),\" i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting \"foreign people\" – němci, meaning \"mumbling, murmuring people\" (from Slavic *němъ – \"mumbling, mute\").",
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              "question": "Who saw Slovenian 2833ni1098; it's a derivative of Slovenian?",
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                  "text": "Roman Jakobson",
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              "original_question": "Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16980_s",
          "context": "Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time , and in subsequent years , as pointless or a `` waste '' of the lives of soldiers , it did achieve a number of objectives , capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war , who were being held in deteriorating conditions . At one of the very worst sites , around Sandakan in Borneo , only six of some 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived .",
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              "question": "Where is Sandakan?",
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              "original_question": "Sandakan was located in what providence?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14214_s",
          "context": "Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture . The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française , founded in 1680 . Run by the French government , it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu in the Palais-Royal at 2 rue de Richelieu , next to the Louvre . of Other famous theaters include the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe , next to the Luxembourg Gardens , also a state institution and theatrical landmark ; the Théâtre Mogador , and the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse .",
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                  "text": "1680",
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              "original_question": "When was the oldest Paris theater founded?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10511_s",
          "context": ". A diversity of architectural styles is represented ; Book and Snake , architect unknown but built in a Colonial style -LRB- constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century -RRB- , in a late colonial , early Victorian style -LRB- built in 1823 -RRB- . Building constructed in a mid-century modern style ; Scroll and Key - or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style -LRB- erected 1869 -- 70 -RRB- , in 1903 the second wing , 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed -RRB- , -LRB- former tomb -RRB- Kenneth M. Murchison , 1912 , designs inspired by Elizabethan manor . Current location , brick colonial , 1882 , the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style .",
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              "question": "Who is the architect of St. Elmo?",
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              "original_question": "Who was the architect for St. Elmo?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4821_s",
          "context": "40 ° 48 ′ 27 ″ N 73 ° 57 ′ 18 ″ W / 40.8076 ° N 73.9549 ° W / 40.8076 ; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights , Harlem , and Spanish Harlem . It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center . The street is interrupted by Morningside Park . It then continues east , eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park , passing by 58 West , the former residence of Maya Angelou . It then continues through Spanish Harlem ; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River , where for automobiles , it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue , and for pedestrians , continues as a bridge across FDR Drive .",
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              "question": "Who used to live in West 58?",
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                  "text": "Maya Angelou",
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              "original_question": "Who formerly lived at 58 West?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12452_s",
          "context": "The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday : `` Silent Sunday Nights '' , which features silent films from the United States and abroad , usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores ; and `` TCM Imports '' -LRB- which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s -LSB- specify -RSB- -RRB- , a weekly presentation of films originally released in foreign countries . -- which debuted in October 2006 -- is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films , the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 -LRB- though as of 2014 -LSB- update -RSB- , it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Who is the first host of underground Chinese medicine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rob Zombie",
                  "answer_start": 590
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first host of TCM Underground?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7290_s",
          "context": ". This pollution caused a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water . In response to this contamination , activists protested in various ways . Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem . Other sources of pollution , including mercury contamination and sewage dumping , have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed .",
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            "epa",
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            {
              "id": "570d32cffed7b91900d45cf8_s",
              "question": "Who founded the Hudson River sloop Water Festival and the water festival to draw attention to ge pollution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pete Seeger",
                  "answer_start": 206
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to bring attention to the pollution caused by GE?"
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          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-732_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on the author 's observations of her family and neighbors .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce30f5aab44d1400b88520_s",
              "question": "When did killing a Mockingbird begin to circulate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did To Kill a Mockingbird first get circulated?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4556_s",
          "context": "In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court . This placed much of the monarch 's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies , further strengthening the nobility class . , the Lithuanian Tribunal .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83048aef2371900625ecf_s",
              "question": "When was the crone library founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1578",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "The crown tribunal was created when?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10842_s",
          "context": "In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality . Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana : Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics , which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex , condemned homosexuality , and forbade masturbation . , in an interview published by the magazine Tempo , to accuse Montini of hypocrisy , and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor . According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society , this was Paolo Carlini . , but the interview -LRB- previously published in a French gay magazine -RRB- brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar . In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18 , Montini called the charges `` horrible and slanderous insinuations '' and appealed for prayers on his behalf . Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in `` a day of consolation '' .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who is Montini's lover?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paolo Carlini",
                  "answer_start": 551
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was Montini's alleged lover?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14522_s",
          "context": "Mark Z. Jacobson , solar power , and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050 . Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be `` primarily social and political , not technological or economic '' . Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind , solar , water system should be similar to today 's energy costs .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who says the energy costs of wind, sun and water are similar to today's?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mark Z. Jacobson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13096_s",
          "context": "Traditionally , major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games . They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil . , when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams , colleges played those teams in exhibitions . However , in 2003 , the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams . Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III , or even against colleges and universities located in Canada . , although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years , and a maximum of ten games in each tour .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c326ff5b5019007d9499_s",
              "question": "When does NCAA decide that university teams can only compete with other university teams?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?"
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          "context": "John , the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine , was at first not expected to inherit significant lands . , however , John became Henry 's favourite child . John 's elder brothers William , Henry and Geoffrey died young ; by the time Richard I became king in 1189 , John was a potential heir to the throne . John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard 's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade . Despite this , John was proclaimed King of England .",
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              "question": "When did I become king?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1189",
                  "answer_start": 298
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              "original_question": "When did Richard I become king?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-255_s",
          "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin 's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events . Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901 . All the music is derived from that of Chopin .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the fictional Chopin?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Giacomo Orefice",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the fictionalized \"Chopin?\""
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-296_s",
          "context": "A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others found them a source of strength in their continuing struggle for freedom. Although Chopin's music undoubtedly came to him intuitively rather than through any conscious patriotic design, it served all the same to symbolize the will of the Polish people ...\"",
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              "question": "Where are the poles scattered?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe and the New World",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
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              "original_question": "Where were Poles scattered to?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9417_s",
          "context": ", President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city 's notorious air traffic congestion , tentatively slated for a 2018 opening . The new airport , which would have six runways , will cost $ 9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport . , which would make it the busiest airport in the world .",
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              "question": "When will the new airport plan come into effect?",
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                  "text": "2018",
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              "original_question": "When are the new plans supposed to come to fruition for the airport?"
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          "context": "On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote The Origin of Species?"
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        {
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          "context": ", amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace . This began a `` golden decade '' of peace and prosperity . However , upon Constans 's death in 350 , another civil war broke out .",
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              "question": "Who must he thank for his return to Alexandria in 345?",
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              "original_question": "Who did he have to thank for his ability to come back to Alexandria in 345?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1884_s",
          "context": "In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing.",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the return machine update released?",
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                  "text": "2011",
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              "original_question": "When was an upgrade of the Wayback Machine released for testing?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9484_s",
          "context": ". That area is still known as Whitneyville , and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue . His factory , and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors , contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy ; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as `` The Arsenal of America '' . It was in Whitney 's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836 . The Farmington Canal , created in the early 19th century , was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts , and ran from New Haven to Northampton , Massachusetts .",
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              "id": "572749fdf1498d1400e8f5ae_s",
              "question": "Who invented the automatic revolver at Eli Whitney's gun factory in 1836?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Samuel Colt",
                  "answer_start": 406
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              "original_question": "In 1836, who invented the automatic revolver in Eli Whitney's gun manufacturing plant?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10400_s",
          "context": "A major feature is the calypso competition . Calypso music , originating in Trinidad , uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics . It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics , amidst the general bacchanal . Calypso tents , also originating in Trinidad , feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries , political exposés or rousing exhortations to `` wuk dah waistline '' and `` roll dat bumper '' . The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award . The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance , drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands . Every evening the `` Pic-o-de-Crop '' Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned . The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks .",
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              "question": "Where did CALIPSO's music come from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Trinidad",
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              "original_question": "Where did Calypso music originate?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16623_s",
          "context": "Near the intersection of Craycroft and Ft. Lowell Roads are the remnants of the Historic Fort Lowell . This area has become one of Tucson 's iconic neighborhoods . In 1891 , the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin . , three of the officer buildings were purchased for use as a sanitarium . The Bolsius family Pete , Nan and Charles Bolsius purchased and renovated surviving adobe buildings of the Fort -- transforming them into spectacular artistic southwestern architectural examples . Their woodwork , plaster treatment and sense of proportion drew on their Dutch heritage and New Mexican experience . , including : Win Ellis , Jack Maul , Madame Cheruy , Giorgio Belloli , Charels Bode , Veronica Hughart , Edward and Rosamond Spicer , Hazel Larson Archer and Ruth Brown , renovated adobes , built homes and lived in the area . The artist colony attracted writers and poets including beat generation Alan Harrington and Jack Kerouac whose visit is documented in his iconic book On the Road . This rural pocket in the middle of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .",
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              "question": "When did Fort Lowell close?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1891",
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was Fort Lowell shut down?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14290_s",
          "context": "In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.",
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              "question": "Who is Dionysian?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Dionysus",
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              "original_question": "Who was the god of wine?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13800_s",
          "context": ", which caused him to lose much of his political support . , among many , considered the war illegal . The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries , with Western governments divided in their support and under pressure from worldwide popular protests . The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot 's Iraq Inquiry .",
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              "question": "Who is actively investigating the war in Iraq?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Sir John Chilcot",
                  "answer_start": 366
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              "original_question": "Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8815_s",
          "context": "Albon Man , a New York lawyer .",
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              "question": "Who founded the electric light company?",
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              "original_question": "Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5924_s",
          "context": "The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government . Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan . The City 's elected officials are the mayor . The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner , a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot . Houston 's mayor serves as the city 's chief administrator , executive officer , and official representative , and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced .",
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              "question": "Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sylvester Turner",
                  "answer_start": 246
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              "original_question": "Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6474_s",
          "context": "Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s , including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza , and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury . , out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge . It has been estimated that there were around 350 bands active in and around Liverpool in this era , often playing ballrooms , concert halls and clubs , among them the Beatles . After their national success from 1962 , a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts , including Gerry & the Pacemakers , the Searchers and Cilla Black . , or managed by Brian Epstein , were Freddie and the Dreamers , as were Herman 's Hermits and the Hollies . Led by the Beatles , which made a major contribution to the development of rock music .",
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              "question": "Where does pop star Frankie Vaughn come from?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Liverpool",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Where was pop star Frankie Vaughan from?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15122_s",
          "context": "Charles Peirce -LRB- 1839 . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes ' peculiar brand of rationalism , he did not reject rationalism outright . Indeed , he concurred with the main ideas of rationalism , most importantly the idea that rational concepts can be meaningful and the idea that rational concepts necessarily go beyond the data given by empirical observation . , in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the `` data-driven '' strict-empiricist view .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572b4375be1ee31400cb82db_s",
              "question": "When was pierce born?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1839",
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              "original_question": "When was Peirce born?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17102_s",
          "context": "Between the 8th and 18th centuries , the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art , usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery . Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters . , dating to around the 8th century . Another contribution was the development of stone-paste ceramics , originating from 9th century Iraq . Other centers for innovative ceramic pottery in the Old world included Fustat -LRB- from 975 to 1075 -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where was stonemud ceramics invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "9th century Iraq",
                  "answer_start": 363
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were stone-paste ceramics invented?"
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          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14709_s",
          "context": "The Ottoman Empire -LRB- / ˈɒtəmən / ; Ottoman Turkish : دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye , Modern Turkish : Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti -RRB- , also known as the Turkish Empire , Ottoman Turkey or Turkey . After conquests in the Balkans by Murad I between 1362 and 1389 , the Ottoman sultanate was transformed into a transcontinental empire and claimant to the caliphate .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572a11661d04691400779725_s",
              "question": "Who started to conquer the Ottoman sultan and become a kingdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Murad I",
                  "answer_start": 279
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6369_s",
          "context": ", but struggled to find the right manager . Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success , while his successor , Mike Walker , was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date . ; his first game in charge was a 2 . , leading the club to the FA Cup for the fifth time in its history -- 0 in the final .",
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              "original_question": "Who replaced Howard Kendall as Everton's manager?"
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          "context": "Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world , the Crusades , beginning 1096 , although this hypothesis remains controversial . Certainly , in those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control or influence , rich regional variants arose , fusing Romanesque and later Gothic traditions with Islamic decorative forms , as seen , for example .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where do Romanesque and Islamic styles mix in the western Mediterranean?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Romanesque and Islamic styles occur?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7511_s",
          "context": "The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment . The first journal , the Parisian Journal des Sçavans , appeared in 1665 . However . French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication , but there was also a steady demand for material in German and Dutch . There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent , which was echoed by England 's similar lack of desire for French works . Languages commanding less of an international market -- such as Danish , Spanish and Portuguese -- found journal success more difficult , and more often than not , a more international language was used instead . French slowly took over Latin 's status as the lingua franca of learned circles . This in turn gave precedence to the publishing industry in Holland , where the vast majority of these French language periodicals were produced .",
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            {
              "id": "57108ff2a58dae1900cd6a2e_s",
              "question": "When was the first science and literature magazine published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1665",
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              "original_question": "In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4190_s",
          "context": "Classical music has often incorporated elements or material from popular music of the composer 's time . , genres exemplified by Kurt Weill 's The Threepenny Opera , and the influence of jazz on early , exemplified by the movement entitled `` Blues '' in his sonata for violin and piano . Certain postmodern , minimalist and postminimalist classical composers acknowledge a debt to popular music .",
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              "question": "Who wrote the triple opera?",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote The Threepenny Opera?"
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          "context": "Immanuel Kant -LRB- 1724 , individual freedom and political authority , as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason . Kant 's work continued to shape German thought , and indeed all of European philosophy . Mary Wollstonecraft was one of England 's earliest feminist philosophers . She argued for a society based on reason , and that women , as well as men , should be treated as rational beings .",
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              "question": "When was Kant born?",
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              "original_question": "In what year was Immanuel Kant born?"
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          "context": "The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings.",
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              "question": "When did Roland levensky's building open?",
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          "context": "Lancashire is smaller than its historical extent following a major reform of local government . In 1889 , the administrative county of Lancashire was created , covering the historical county except for the county boroughs such as Blackburn , Burnley , Barrow-in-Furness , Preston , Wigan . The area served by the Lord-Lieutenant -LRB- termed now a ceremonial county -RRB- covered the entirety of the administrative county and the county boroughs , and southern Warrington . It did not cover the western part of Todmorden , where the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire passes through the middle of the town .",
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              "question": "Where is the old border between Lancashire and Yorkshire?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the western part of Todmorden",
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              "original_question": "Where is the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10777_s",
          "context": "Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke 's Appeal , they wished he had used more moderate language . Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing `` the doctrines I have sworn by , long and long since '' . , a backbench Whig MP , wrote to Burke : '' ... though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments . Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it `` with great Satisfaction '' . Burke wrote of its reception : `` Not one word from one of our party . They are secretly galled . They agree with me to a title . ... They leave me to myself ; they see that I can do myself justice '' . Charles Burney viewed it as `` a most admirable book .",
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              "question": "Who knows that Burke and fox should not make their arguments public?",
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              "original_question": "Who thought Burke and Fox shouldn't have made their argument public?"
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          "context": "On October 28 , 1989 , the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1 , 1990 , while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups . The following day , thousands attended a memorial service at Demianiv Laz , and a temporary marker was placed to indicate that a monument to the `` victims of the repressions of 1939 -- 1941 '' soon would be erected .",
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              "question": "Where is the memorial hall on January 2?",
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              "original_question": "Where was the January 2 memorial service?"
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          "context": "After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872 , the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada , who called for new elections . Two candidates were registered ; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz . Lerdeo de Tejada won the election , but lost popularity after he announced his intent to run for re-election . , Don Porfirio Díaz rebelled against President Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada . The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the `` No Re-election '' principle . ; Governor Antonio Ochoa was arrested until all the Lerdista forces were suppressed throughout the state . Porfirio Díaz then helped Tíras regain the governorship of the state of Chihuahua allowing for the Plan of Tuxtepec to be implemented . The victory of the Plan of Tuxtepec , gave the interim presidency to Jose Maria Iglesias and later , as the only candidate . , the Díaz administration had to combat several attacks from the Lerdista forces and the Apache . A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States . The Lerdista forces were able to temporarily occupy the city of El Paso del Norte until mid-1877 .",
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              "question": "When did Benito Juarez die?",
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              "original_question": "In which year did Benito Juarez die?"
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          "context": "David Jones was started by David Jones , a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London . , and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones . When the partnership was dissolved in 1838 , Jones moved his business to premises on the corner of George Street and Barrack Lane , Sydney . David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name .",
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              "question": "When did the cooperation between Jones and Appleton end?",
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          "context": ", while still a student , visited Berlin with a family friend , zoologist Feliks Jarocki , enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter , Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities . On an 1829 return trip to Berlin , he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł , governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen -- himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist . For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda , he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano , Op. 3 .",
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              "question": "When did Chopin return to Berlin?",
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                  "text": "1829",
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              "original_question": "What year did Chopin return to Berlin?"
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          "context": ", DOI , and FBI . He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory , or the FBI Laboratory , which officially opened in 1932 , as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government . Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure . After Hoover 's death .",
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              "question": "When did the FBI lab open?",
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              "original_question": "When did the FBI laboratory open?"
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          "context": "Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election ; he was 82 years old . , so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him . In 1894 , Gladstone retired and , without consulting the outgoing prime minister . His government was weak .",
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              "question": "Who came back to power in 1892?",
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              "original_question": "Who was returned to power in 1892?"
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          "context": "INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health agencies located throughout much of Oklahoma. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center was named in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 list of Best Hospitals. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center ranks high-performing in the following categories: Cardiology and Heart Surgery; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Ear, Nose and Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.",
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            {
              "id": "56df8b2d4a1a83140091eb17_s",
              "question": "When did the Integris Baptist Medical Center become part of the list of best hospitals in American news and world coverage?",
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                  "text": "2012",
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              "original_question": "When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2657_s",
          "context": "The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base . -- 1957 -RRB- was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame , and published his autobiography : An Innkeeper 's Diary -LRB- London , 1931 -RRB- . During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay . There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom . This number has been declining every year , so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub .",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8806_s",
          "context": "During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.",
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              "id": "572621ec271a42140099d4ba_s",
              "question": "Where were valuables evacuated during the war?",
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              "original_question": "Where were valuables evacuated to during the war?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14999_s",
          "context": "Eight days later, on February 28, 1969, came the events for which Kerry was awarded his Silver Star Medal. On this occasion, Kerry was in tactical command of his Swift boat and two other Swift boats during a combat operation. Their mission on the Duong Keo River included bringing an underwater demolition team and dozens of South Vietnamese Marines to destroy enemy sampans, structures and bunkers as described in the story The Death Of PCF 43. Running into heavy small arms fire from the river banks, Kerry \"directed the units to turn to the beach and charge the Viet Cong positions\" and he \"expertly directed\" his boat's fire causing the enemy to flee while at the same time coordinating the insertion of the ninety South Vietnamese troops (according to the original medal citation signed by Admiral Zumwalt). Moving a short distance upstream, Kerry's boat was the target of a B-40 rocket round; Kerry charged the enemy positions and as his boat hove to and beached, a Viet Cong (\"VC\") insurgent armed with a rocket launcher emerged from a spider hole and ran. While the boat's gunner opened fire, wounding the VC in the leg, and while the other boats approached and offered cover fire, Kerry jumped from the boat to pursue the VC insurgent, subsequently killing him and capturing his loaded rocket launcher.",
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                  "text": "the Duong Keo River",
                  "answer_start": 243
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              "original_question": "Where did Kerry earn a Silver Star?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5157_s",
          "context": ", on the eve of Somalia 's independence in 1960 , to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France . The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France , largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans . There was also widespread vote rigging , with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls . The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia , as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi , Vice President of the Government Council . , and Hassan Gouled Aptidon .",
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              "id": "56fa083af34c681400b0bf70_s",
              "question": "When was Somalia independent?",
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                  "text": "1960",
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              "original_question": "In what year did Somalia become independent?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12194_s",
          "context": "On August 19 , 1989 , the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church . On September 2 , 1989 , 40,000 in Kiev . From September 8 -- 10 , 1989 , writer Ivan Drach was elected to head Rukh , the People 's Movement of Ukraine , at its founding congress in Kiev . On September 17 , demanding the legalization of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . On September 21 , 1989 , a nature preserve south of Ivano-Frankivsk . On September 28 , a holdover from the Brezhnev era , was replaced by Vladimir Ivashko .",
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              "question": "Where did the people's movement hold its founding meeting?",
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              "original_question": "Where did the People's Movement hold its founding congress?"
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          "context": ", 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol ; as such , the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program 's alumni . Ryan Seacrest returns as host , fourth , and fifth seasons as judges .",
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              "original_question": "Who is returning as host?"
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          "context": "This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless . Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions . , 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate , lost interest in politics , his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place . , was known to overrule her husband 's decisions at times and Yodo-dono , his concubine . , has long been considered the ideal samurai wife . According to legend , she made her kimono out of a quilted patchwork of bits of old cloth and saved pennies to buy her husband a magnificent horse , on which he rode to many victories . The source of power for women may have been that samurai left their finances to their wives .",
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              "id": "5728f9abaf94a219006a9e90_s",
              "question": "Who is the wife of the lucky man of the island?",
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                  "text": "Hino Tomiko",
                  "answer_start": 218
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              "original_question": "Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa's wife?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4470_s",
          "context": "A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed . In 1834 , Captain DonSette and his crew were killed . Similarly . Later that year a whaler 's boat crew were killed . In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed . The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft , which was a common practice . In 1857 , two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon , living among the natives through at least 1870 . : 3",
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            "naiad"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f9575c9e9bad19000a0849_s",
              "question": "Who was the captain of the crew who died in 1834?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Captain DonSette",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7511_s",
          "context": "The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment . The first journal , the Parisian Journal des Sçavans , appeared in 1665 . However , it was not until 1682 that periodicals began to be more widely produced . French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication , but there was also a steady demand for material in German and Dutch . There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent . Languages commanding less of an international market -- such as Danish , Spanish and Portuguese -- found journal success more difficult , and more often than not , a more international language was used instead . French slowly took over Latin 's status as the lingua franca of learned circles . This in turn gave precedence to the publishing industry in Holland , where the vast majority of these French language periodicals were produced .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "holland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57108ff2a58dae1900cd6a30_s",
              "question": "Where are most French magazines published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Holland",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the vast majority of French language periodicals produced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1734_s",
          "context": "Marien Ngouabi , who had participated in the coup , assumed the presidency on December 31 , 1968 . One year later , President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa 's first `` people 's republic '' , the People 's Republic of the Congo . Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16 , 1977 . Two years later .",
          "c_entity": [
            "denis sassou nguesso",
            "marien ngouabi",
            "cmp",
            "military committee of the party",
            "joachim yhombi-opango",
            "congolese labour party",
            "national revolutionary movement"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dcecb79a695914005b9486_s",
              "question": "Who became president of Congo in 1968?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marien Ngouabi",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1968?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18534_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower , as well as the officers and troops under him , had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations , and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans -- a beach landing assault . His first struggles , however , were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion . Admiral Ernest J. King fought with Eisenhower over King 's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific . He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord , as he did . , and Eisenhower prevailed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "eisenhower",
            "roosevelt",
            "ernest j. king",
            "churchill",
            "de gaulle",
            "george s. patton"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324c04e17f3d1400422805_s",
              "question": "Who refused to provide Eisenhower with land vehicles?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ernest J. King",
                  "answer_start": 396
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16902_s",
          "context": "The assembly of the tribes (i.e. the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would end. While it did not pass many laws, the Comitia Tributa did elect quaestors, curule aediles, and military tribunes. The Plebeian Council was identical to the assembly of the tribes, but excluded the patricians (the elite who could trace their ancestry to the founding of Rome). They elected their own officers, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles. Usually a plebeian tribune would preside over the assembly. This assembly passed most laws, and could also act as a court of appeal.",
          "c_entity": [
            "once"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730426f04bcaa1900d77430_s",
              "question": "When does the tribal council stop voting?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When would the assembly of tribes cease voting?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18482_s",
          "context": "A central teaching of Jehovah 's Witnesses is that the current world era , or `` system of things '' , leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably . They consider all other present-day religions to be false , identifying them with `` Babylon the Great '' , or the `` harlot '' , of Revelation 17 , and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations , which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17 . This development will mark the beginning of the `` great tribulation '' . Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah 's Witnesses , an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon , or true followers , will be destroyed . After Armageddon , God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth , which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden . After Armageddon , most of those who had died before God 's intervention will gradually be resurrected during `` judgment day '' lasting for one thousand years . This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds . At the end of the thousand years . Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind . Those who fail will be destroyed , along with Satan and his demons . The end result will be a fully tested , glorified human race .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united nations",
            "jesus christ"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324a340fdd8d15006c6911_s",
              "question": "Who believes in the witnesses of the Lord and wants to destroy them?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the United Nations",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16667_s",
          "context": "The Ottoman Empire began to collapse , the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid . , the Adana massacre occurred in the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire resulting in the deaths of as many as 20,000 -- 30,000 Armenians . The Armenians living in the empire hoped that the Committee of Union and Progress would change their second-class status . Armenian reform package -LRB- 1914 -RRB- was presented as a solution by appointing an inspector general over Armenian issues .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1908",
            "april 1909",
            "1914"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f93e604bcaa1900d76aa3_s",
              "question": "When was Armenia's reform program launched?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 401
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Armenian Reform package introduced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16676_s",
          "context": ". Soon , life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement . The church , which suffered greatly under Stalin , was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955 . , a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1967",
            "1965",
            "1953",
            "1955"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb2fb947a6a140053cbac_s",
              "question": "When did wazgen get his job?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1955",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Vazgen acquire his position?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18260_s",
          "context": "The court noted that it \"is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America.\" The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the \"wall of separation\" metaphor: \"I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the \"wall of separation,\" a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "potter stewart"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731cb92e99e3014001e628d_s",
              "question": "Who is the only dissident in the Supreme Court decision?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Justice Potter Stewart",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12459_s",
          "context": "Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world . In Canada , TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005 . While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network , some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons . Other versions of TCM are available in Australia , France , Middle East , South Africa , Cyprus , Spain , Asia , Latin America , Scandinavia , the United Kingdom , Ireland and Malta . The UK version operates two channels , including a spinoff called TCM 2 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2005",
            "december 2006",
            "february 2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572793f2dd62a815002ea0f3_s",
              "question": "When did Turner's classic film appear on Canadian cable TV?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16751_s",
          "context": "The Gram stain, developed in 1884 by Hans Christian Gram, characterises bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the \"Gram-positive\" cell wall stain purple, while the thin \"Gram-negative\" cell wall appears pink. By combining morphology and Gram-staining, most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci and Gram-negative bacilli). Some organisms are best identified by stains other than the Gram stain, particularly mycobacteria or Nocardia, which show acid-fastness on Ziehl–Neelsen or similar stains. Other organisms may need to be identified by their growth in special media, or by other techniques, such as serology.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1884"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fdb47947a6a140053cd57_s",
              "question": "When was Graham blur developed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1884",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Grahm stain was developed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16551_s",
          "context": "In 1644 , René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain , a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual , mystical experience to a physical , mechanical sensation -LSB- citation needed -RSB- . Descartes 's work , along with Avicenna 's . Specificity theory saw pain as `` a specific sensation , with its own sensory apparatus independent of touch and other senses '' . , which conceived of pain not as a unique sensory modality , but an emotional state produced by stronger than normal stimuli such as intense light , pressure or temperature . , specificity was backed mostly by physiologists and physicians , and the intensive theory was mostly backed by psychologists . However , after a series of clinical observations by Henry Head and experiments by Max von Frey , the psychologists migrated to specificity almost en masse , most textbooks on physiology and psychology were presenting pain specificity as fact .",
          "c_entity": [
            "and 19th centuries",
            "the 19th-century",
            "1644",
            "the mid-1890s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d1_s",
              "question": "When did Descartes talk about his theory of pain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1644",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Descartes pontificating about his theories regarding pain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13854_s",
          "context": "Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Joseph Stalin's mass deportations and executions.[citation needed] By 1989, minorities constituted more than one-third of the population, as the number of non-Estonians had grown almost fivefold.",
          "c_entity": [
            "joseph stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728c96c4b864d1900164e22_s",
              "question": "Who ordered mass evictions and executions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joseph Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 315
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered large scales of deportations and executions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7099_s",
          "context": "Compaq , who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s , initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end . Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers , and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ibm",
            "apple",
            "compaq",
            "microsoft"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cf2c1fed7b91900d45b40_s",
              "question": "Who beat Compaq in the 1994 price war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "IBM",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13274_s",
          "context": "In 1928 . , who was working for the city 's postal service . After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square , he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose . The protest , organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society . Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out .",
          "c_entity": [
            "attarin",
            "helwan",
            "young egypt society",
            "manshia square",
            "alexandria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727ecef2ca10214002d99d5_s",
              "question": "Where is the young Nasser demonstrating?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manshia Square",
                  "answer_start": 119
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12212_s",
          "context": ", the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time . The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin , who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank . The special forces dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House , but members refused to storm the barricaded building . The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bbc world service",
            "gorbachev",
            "white house",
            "cnn",
            "yeltsin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283e793acd2414000df7ac_s",
              "question": "Who do the organizers want to arrest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yeltsin",
                  "answer_start": 110
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the organizers want to arrest?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16505_s",
          "context": "Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917 , the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988 . The school 's academic programs include BSBA , MBA , Professional MBA -LRB- PMBA -RRB- , Executive MBA -LRB- EMBA -RRB- , Master of Accounting , Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program , and Doctorate programs , as well as non-degree executive education . In 2002 , an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai , in cooperation with Fudan University .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ms",
            "shanghai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd7e304bcaa1900d76db5_s",
              "question": "Where did Washington University set up its Executive MBA program in 2002?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Shanghai",
                  "answer_start": 448
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was an Executive MBA program established by Washington University in 2002?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4_s",
          "context": "The College of Engineering was established in 1920 , however . , housed in the Fitzpatrick , Cushing , and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering , includes five departments of study -- aerospace and mechanical engineering , chemical and biomolecular engineering , civil engineering and geological sciences , computer science and engineering , and electrical engineering -- with eight B.S. degrees offered . Additionally , respectively .",
          "c_entity": [
            "five-year",
            "today",
            "the 1870s",
            "1920"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a6424776f41900660f4e_s",
              "question": "When was the school of engineers founded by Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1920",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16309_s",
          "context": ". The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America . The party 's secretary is Paulus Telfer , a former Christchurch mayoral candidate . On February 5 , 2010 . The logo -- a US flag with 51 stars . As of 2014 -LSB- update -RSB- , the party remains unregistered and can not appear on a ballot .",
          "c_entity": [
            "paulus telfer",
            "new zealand electoral commission",
            "51st state party"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57307685396df9190009612c_s",
              "question": "Who is the Secretary of the 51st Party committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paulus Telfer",
                  "answer_start": 118
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11516_s",
          "context": "The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other , and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to , or aid , an enemy of the other party . In addition to stipulations of non-aggression , the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania , Poland , Lithuania , Latvia , Estonia , and Finland into German and Soviet `` spheres of influence '' , anticipating potential `` territorial and political rearrangements '' of these countries . Thereafter , Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 . After the Soviet -- Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September , Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September . This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , and parts of Romania -LRB- Bessarabia , Northern Bukovina , and the Hertza region -RRB- . Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland . Stalin 's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact , as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis .",
          "c_entity": [
            "stalin",
            "salla"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d013dd62a815002e910f_s",
              "question": "Who broke the protocol of Bukovina's invasion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 691
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18652_s",
          "context": ", which was nominated for several Oscars . , a 1985 play by Harold Pinter , were also based on Sacks ' book .",
          "c_entity": [
            "penny marshall",
            "robert de niro",
            "yorkshire television",
            "beth abraham hospital",
            "harold pinter",
            "oliver sacks",
            "robin williams"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326d2f0fdd8d15006c6ad5_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Alaska?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Harold Pinter",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote 'A Kind of Alaska'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8972_s",
          "context": "By spring 1950, Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed. The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even less willing to fight in Korea—which had seemingly much less strategic significance. The Soviets had also cracked the codes used by the US to communicate with the US embassy in Moscow, and reading these dispatches convinced Stalin that Korea did not have the importance to the US that would warrant a nuclear confrontation. Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments, including promising economic and military aid to China through the Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty.",
          "c_entity": [
            "stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726323e89a1e219009ac54d_s",
              "question": "Who is sure that the United States is no longer interested in South Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stalin",
                  "answer_start": 16
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was convinced that the US did was no longer interested in Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4426_s",
          "context": ", travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959 , though he did n't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader , Ne Win .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ne win",
            "tito"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7f1d0aef2371900625caa_s",
              "question": "Who led Myanmar in 1959?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ne Win",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led Burma in 1959?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4966_s",
          "context": ". Instead , this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue , including the Dongyue and the Ouyue . The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records written during the Spring and Autumn Period . According to the chronicles , the kingdom of Yue was located in northern Zhejiang . , whose cultures and histories were carefully recorded in chronicles and histories during the Spring and Autumn Period and into the Qin dynasty . The Song of the Yue Boatman -LRB- Chinese : 越人歌 , p Yuèrén Gē , lit . The Yue peoples seem to have had their own written script . The Sword of Goujian bears bird-worm seal script . Yuenü -LRB- Chinese : 越女 ; pinyin ; Wade -- Giles : Yüeh-nü ; literally : `` the Lady of Yue '' -RRB- was a swordswoman from the state of Yue . In order to check the growth of the kingdom of Wu , Chu pursued a policy of strengthening Yue . Under King Goujian , Yue recovered from its early reverses and fully annexed the lands of its rival in 473 BC . With no southern power to turn against Yue , Chu opposed it directly and , in 333 BC , succeeded in destroying it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "shaoxing",
            "jiangsu",
            "hebei",
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            "222 bc",
            "henan",
            "528 bc",
            "mount kuaiji",
            "333 bc",
            "china",
            "suzhou",
            "473 bc",
            "yuènǚ",
            "shang"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1490_s",
              "question": "Where is the state of Yue after Shiji?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northern Zhejiang",
                  "answer_start": 300
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to chronicles?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1994_s",
          "context": ", headed by Pope Pius IV . According to this historic council `` nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only , and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds ; and this the more so . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "cardinals",
            "pius iv",
            "jesus christ",
            "ecumenical council of trent",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dde8fd66d3e219004dadea_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the Council of trentoph?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pope Pius IV",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1373_s",
          "context": "In Latin America . In southeast Asia , it is broadcast by STAR World every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after . In Philippines , it is aired every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast ; 2008 -- 11 on QTV , then GMA News TV ; and since 2012 on ETC. . On Philippine television history . In Australia , it is aired a few hours after the U.S. telecast . It was aired on Network Ten from 2002 to 2007 and then again in 2013 , from 2008 to 2012 on Fox8 , from season 13 onwards it airs on digital channel , Eleven , a sister channel to Network Ten . In the United Kingdom , episodes are aired one day after the U.S. broadcast on digital channel ITV2 . As of season 12 , the episodes air on 5 * . It is also aired in Ireland on TV3 two days after the telecast . In Brazil and Israel , the show airs two days after its original broadcast . In the instances where the airing is delayed , the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results . In Italy , the twelfth season was broadcast by La3 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sony entertainment television",
            "abc",
            "star world"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db67d3e7c41114004b50b3_s",
              "question": "Who gives idols to Southeast Asia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "STAR World",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who broadcasts Idol in southeast Asia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10063_s",
          "context": "Primarily starting in the mid-1960s , London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture , exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King 's Road , Chelsea and Carnaby Street . The role of trendsetter was revived during the punk era . During The Troubles in Northern Ireland , London was subjected to bombing attacks by the Provisional IRA .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1965",
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            "the mid-1960s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572802612ca10214002d9b5c_s",
              "question": "When was London a symbol of fashion and youth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the mid-1960s",
                  "answer_start": 22
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what period was London a symbol of trend-setting and youth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13328_s",
          "context": "In January 1964 , which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war . He discouraged Syria and Palestinian guerrillas from provoking the Israelis , conceding that he had no plans for war with Israel . During the summit , and ties were mended with the rulers of Saudi Arabia , Syria , and Morocco . In May . In practice . Its head was to be Ahmad Shukeiri .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hussein",
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            "palestine liberation organization",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572825df2ca10214002d9f0c_s",
              "question": "Who should lead the PLO?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ahmad Shukeiri",
                  "answer_start": 334
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was set to lead the PLO?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10753_s",
          "context": "Richard Hurd believed that Burke 's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose : an ironist `` should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation . Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc 'd , not only in the language , but with so apparent , or rather so real an earnestness , that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other '' . A minority of scholars have taken the position that , in fact , Burke did write the Vindication in earnest , later disowning it only for political reasons .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard hurd",
            "l. bol.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a0ccdd62a815002e8b68_s",
              "question": "Who knows that Burke's imitation is so perfect that it's not funny at all?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Richard Hurd",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought that Burke's imitation was too perfect to be effective ridicule?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8653_s",
          "context": "The largest private university in Uruguay , is also located in Montevideo . ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942 , becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- It is a member of World ORT , Russia . The university has about 8,000 students , distributed among 5 faculties and institutes , mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1942",
            "current",
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            "2010",
            "1880"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e35889a1e219009ac031_s",
              "question": "When was the port of Uruguay established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1942",
                  "answer_start": 142
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was ORT Uruguay established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-863_s",
          "context": "The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much , if not all , of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire . Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan , including territories in the Zeravshan valley , formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire . After the region 's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom , a successor state of Alexander 's empire . Northern Tajikistan -LRB- the cities of Khujand and Panjakent -RRB- was part of Sogdia . Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities , as farmers , carpetweavers , glassmakers , and woodcarvers .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733625ed058e614000b59ab_s",
              "question": "Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexander the Great",
                  "answer_start": 405
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3327_s",
          "context": "The Boston Red Sox , play their home games at Fenway Park , near Kenmore Square in the city 's Fenway section . Built in 1912 , it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues , encompassing Major League Baseball , the National Football League , National Basketball Association , and the National Hockey League . Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series . The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates . Boston 's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e161bfcd28a01900c67848_s",
              "question": "When was Fenway Park built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1912",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was fenway Park built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-444_s",
          "context": "After gaining the Master Sword , Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form , obtaining the Shadow Crystal . Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will , Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert , the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule . However , they discover that the mirror is broken . , but he was only able to shatter it into fragments ; only the true ruler of the Twili can completely destroy the Mirror of Twilight . , to the Twilight Realm when executing him failed . Assisted by an underground resistance group they meet in Castle Town , Link and Midna set out to retrieve the missing shards of the Mirror , defeating those they infected . Once the portal has been restored , Midna is revealed to be the true ruler of the Twilight Realm . Confronting Zant . , Midna recovers the Fused Shadows . Returning to Hyrule , Link and Midna find Ganondorf in Hyrule Castle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "midna",
            "gerudo desert",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12adf17492d1400aabb2a_s",
              "question": "Who will be the true ruler of the twilight kingdom?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Midna",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is revealed as the true ruler of Twilight Realm?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-265_s",
          "context": "At the end of November . He passed the winter in unremitting illness , but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends , including Delacroix and Franchomme . Occasionally he played , or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka , for his friends . During the summer of 1849 , his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot , out of the centre of the city , for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer , Princess Obreskoff . Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cfe87e234ae51400d9c06e_s",
              "question": "Where did Chopin live in 1849?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chaillot",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In 1849 where did Chopin live?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10121_s",
          "context": "London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.",
          "c_entity": [
            "may 2012"
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            {
              "id": "5728dc50ff5b5019007da862_s",
              "question": "When did Chelsea football club win the Champions League?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 2012",
                  "answer_start": 314
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Chelsea Football Club win the UEFA Champions League title?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-63_s",
          "context": ". , critics , and blogs for its cause . Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time . The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years , during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything . Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny 's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously . Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it . , leaving just Beyoncé .",
          "c_entity": [
            "michelle williams",
            "roberson",
            "farrah franklin",
            "rowland",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d462f82ccc5a1400d83120_s",
              "question": "Who let lucart and Robertson leave the children of fate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beyoncé",
                  "answer_start": 252
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was blamed for Luckett and Roberson leaving Destiny's Child?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1093_s",
          "context": "West 's middle-class background , flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers . Early in his career , he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop . , because it `` highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade ; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties . '' , `` establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap -LSB- ... -RSB- '' , and called him `` as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced -- a rapper who mastered , upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game , a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators , a flashy , free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college , culture and economics , an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up . '' His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release , but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically , as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection , including Frank Ocean , The Weeknd , Future , Kid Cudi , Childish Gambino , and Soulja Boy . According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine , West effectively led a new wave of artists , who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rolling stone",
            "lil durk",
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            "wale",
            "rosie swash",
            "drake"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d1333517492d1400aabc10_s",
              "question": "Who says Kanye West actually leads a new wave of artists who are not only interested in rap gun games or drug trafficking?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ben Detrick",
                  "answer_start": 1289
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that Kanye West effectively led a new wave of artists that weren't only interested in rapping about gunplay or drug dealing?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14688_s",
          "context": "Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire . , Elector Frederick III was allowed to crown himself `` King in Prussia '' in 1701 . The new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia . The designation `` Kingdom of Prussia '' was gradually applied to the various lands of Brandenburg-Prussia . To differentiate from the larger entity , the former Duchy of Prussia became known as Altpreußen -LRB- `` Old Prussia '' -RRB- , the province of Prussia , or `` East Prussia '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leopold",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a206b3f37b31900478711_s",
              "question": "Who was elected king of Prussia in 1701?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frederick III",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18326_s",
          "context": "In America , Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement 's seminal influence . In the United Kingdom , Colin Urquhart , Michael Harper , David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments . The Massey conference in New Zealand , 1964 was attended by several Anglicans , including the Rev. Ray Muller , and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars . Other Charismatic movement leaders in New Zealand include Bill Subritzky .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573249980fdd8d15006c6906_s",
              "question": "When was the Macy's meeting held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Massey conference held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10081_s",
          "context": ", behind New York City , in terms of absolute numbers . The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents . Note that some of the German-born population , in 18th position , are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany . With increasing industrialisation . Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War . However , to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1939",
            "early 20th centuries",
            "2001",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572830ac3acd2414000df6aa_s",
              "question": "When is London the most populous city?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War",
                  "answer_start": 379
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did London see its highest population numbers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1785_s",
          "context": "The United Kingdom 's constitution , being uncodified and largely unwritten , makes no mention of a prime minister . , its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century . Accordingly , it is often said `` not to exist '' , indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case . The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office , either First Lord of the Treasury -LRB- office in commission -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd322166d3e219004dac44_s",
              "question": "When was the Prime Minister first mentioned in British government documents?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "first decade of the twentieth century",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7774_s",
          "context": "Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the critical anesthetic in the three-drug cocktail, announced in 2011 that it would no longer manufacture the drug for the American market, in part for ethical reasons and in part because its transfer of sodium thiopental manufacturing to Italy would subject it to the European Union's Torture Regulation, which forbids the use of any product manufactured within the Union for torture (as execution by lethal injection is considered by the Regulation). Since the drug manufacturers began taking these steps and the EU regulation ended the importation of drugs produced in Europe, the resulting shortage of execution drugs has led to or influenced decisions to impose moratoria in Arkansas, California, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, North Carolina, and Tennessee.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710257ea58dae1900cd691c_s",
              "question": "When did hospita stop making poison syringes for the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 381
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Hospira cease to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2406_s",
          "context": "Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral -LRB- 1858 -RRB- is in Stonehouse . The city 's oldest church is St Andrew 's -LRB- Anglican -RRB- located at the top of Royal Parade -- it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800 . The city also includes five Baptist churches , over twenty Methodist chapels , and thirteen Roman Catholic churches . , a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians , was established in the city , so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren , although the movement did not begin locally .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df72255ca0a614008f9a6c_s",
              "question": "When was Plymouth built as a Catholic cathedral?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1858",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15023_s",
          "context": "Most analyses place Kerry 's voting record on the left within the Senate Democratic caucus . , who often noted that in 2003 Kerry was rated the National Journal 's top Senate liberal . However , that rating was based only upon voting on legislation within that past year . In fact , in terms of career voting records , the National Journal found that Kerry is the 11th most liberal member of the Senate . Most analyses find that Kerry is at least slightly more liberal than the typical Democratic Senator . , supports abortion rights for adult women and minors , supports same-sex marriage , opposes capital punishment except for terrorists , supports most gun control laws , and is generally a supporter of trade agreements . Kerry supported the North American Free Trade Agreement and Most Favored Nation status for China , but opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "senate",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac29334ae481900deacc3_s",
              "question": "Who says Kerry is the highest liberal in the Senate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the National Journal",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said Kerry was the 'top Senate liberal'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7107_s",
          "context": "The Macintosh -LRB- / ˈmækᵻntɒʃ / MAK-in-tosh ; branded as Mac since 1997 -RRB- is a series of personal computers -LRB- PCs -RRB- designed , developed , and marketed by Apple Inc. . This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse . This first model was later renamed to `` Macintosh 128k '' for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple 's same proprietary architecture . , Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of `` Mac '' , though the product family has been nicknamed `` Mac '' or `` the Mac '' since the development of the first model .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cfff3fed7b91900d45bad_s",
              "question": "When was Macintosh named Mac?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Macintosh branded as Mac?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8832_s",
          "context": "In 1902 , the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament . These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures . Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon , the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports . The metal filament had the property of gradually shortening in use ; the filaments were installed with large loops that tightened in use . Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding , though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57262d97ec44d21400f3dbae_s",
              "question": "When was the chandelier invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1902",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the tantalum light filament invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1279_s",
          "context": "Following the success of season one , the second season was moved up to air in January 2003 . The number of episodes increased , as did the show 's budget and the charge for commercial spots . Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3721359d6e414001463e3_s",
              "question": "Who is the reporter for the second season of American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kristin Adams",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a correspondent on season two of American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4550_s",
          "context": "The first \"free election\" (Polish: \"wolna elekcja\") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f82667a6d7ea1400e1741d_s",
              "question": "When was the first free election held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1492",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the first free election take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5361_s",
          "context": "At the University of Manchester , a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves . Their first transistorised computer and the first in the world , was operational by 1953 . However , the machine did make use of valves to generate its 125 kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to read and write on its magnetic drum memory , so it was not the first completely transistorized computer . , built by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdea0919033b140034cdc4_s",
              "question": "When was the first transistor computer put into use?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 248
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The first transistorised computer was operational in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10200_s",
          "context": ". Several activists in exile , including Thee Lay Thee Anyeint members , have returned to Myanmar after President Thein Sein 's invitation to expatriates to return home to work for national development .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united nations security council",
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            {
              "id": "5728e4a93acd2414000e0148_s",
              "question": "Who provided it to the radicals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Thein Sein",
                  "answer_start": 104
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who extended the offer to the activists ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1467_s",
          "context": "Of the 80 torch-bearers in London , Sir Steve Redgrave , who started the relay , mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could `` see why they would like to make an issue '' of it . Amid pressure from both directions . '' Protests began as soon as Redgrave started the event , leading to at least thirty-five arrests . , and in a separate incident , a fire extinguisher was set off near the torch . The Chinese ambassador carried the torch through Chinatown after an unpublicized change to the route amid security concerns . The torch made an unscheduled move onto a bus along Fleet Street amid security concerns and efforts to evade the protesters . In an effort to counter the pro-Tibet protesters and show their support for the 2008 Beijing Olympics , more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs , banners and Chinese flags . A large number of supporters were concentrated in Trafalgar Square , displaying the Olympic slogan `` One World , One Dream '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gordon brown",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db0de5e7c41114004b4cdd_s",
              "question": "Who received an email asking him to boycott the torch relay?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Steve Redgrave",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who got emails asking him to boycott the torch relay?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2893_s",
          "context": ", an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR . On June 12 , Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote . -- 21 , the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia , President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union , Mikhail Gorbachev .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e0a622231d4119001ac32e_s",
              "question": "When was the first election of the chairman of the Russian Federal Reserve Board held?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 12",
                  "answer_start": 76
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3918_s",
          "context": ", eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892 . In 1934 , it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place , with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary .",
          "c_entity": [
            "royal institute of british architects",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca6_s",
              "question": "Who opened the building where the Royal College is now located?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King George V and Queen Mary",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-68_s",
          "context": ", 2006 , in the US , to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday . It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 . The album 's lead single `` Déjà Vu '' , featuring Jay Z , reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The second international single `` Irreplaceable '' was a commercial success worldwide , reaching number one in Australia , Hungary , Ireland , New Zealand and the United States . B'Day also produced three other singles ; `` Ring the Alarm '' , `` Get Me Bodied '' , and `` Green Light '' -LRB- released in the United Kingdom only -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83192_s",
              "question": "Who works with beyoncobot 233; single, familiar?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jay Z",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who collaborated with Beyoncé on the single, Deja Vu?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6454_s",
          "context": "The Air Commerce Act of May 20 , 1926 , is the cornerstone of the federal government 's regulation of civil aviation . This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry , whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain safety standards . The Act charged the Secretary of Commerce with fostering air commerce , issuing and enforcing air traffic rules , licensing pilots , certifying aircraft , establishing airways , and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation . The newly created Aeronautics Branch .",
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            {
              "id": "570aa95e4103511400d598e7_s",
              "question": "Who bears the primary responsibility for air traffic control?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Aeronautics Branch",
                  "answer_start": 596
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight?"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-815_s",
          "context": "In the last two decades , photovoltaics -LRB- PV -RRB- , also known as solar PV , has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source . A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect . The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s . In 1931 a German engineer , developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide . Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1 % of incident light into electricity . These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5 -- 6 % . By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20 % and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40 % .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56ce66aeaab44d1400b88759_s",
              "question": "Who made the first solar cell in the 1880s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Charles Fritts",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13593_s",
          "context": "During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes . Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast , Europe , Arabia , the Western Hemisphere , or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers . , the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57280ab8ff5b5019007d9ba0_s",
              "question": "When did the slave trade enter the car park?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "16th and 17th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the slave trade hit the CAR region?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3131_s",
          "context": "After a long period of rumour and consultation , the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005 . However an approved bidder , the Italian firm Impregilo . , construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed . Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1af_s",
              "question": "When was the construction of St. Helena airport announced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2005",
                  "answer_start": 131
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the construction of an airport in Saint Helena announced?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-56_s",
          "context": "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter -LRB- / biːˈjɒnseɪ , songwriter , record producer and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . Managed by her father , Mathew Knowles , the group became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé 's debut album , Dangerously in Love -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , which established her as a solo artist worldwide , earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Crazy in Love '' and `` Baby Boy '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56be85543aeaaa14008c9066_s",
              "question": "When will Beyonce leave her destiny and become a solo singer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 403
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10750_s",
          "context": "Burke was born in Dublin , Ireland . -- 1770 -RRB- was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family -LRB- and a cousin of Nano Nagle -RRB- , whereas his father , a successful solicitor , was a member of the Church of Ireland ; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did Burke's mother die?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1770",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Burke's mother die?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15994_s",
          "context": "Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers , who each headed a specialized ministry . The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites , rituals , prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars . The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor 's security within the palace grounds , external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot . The Minister of the Guards was responsible for securing and patrolling the walls , towers , and gates of the imperial palaces . , horses , carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants , as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces . The Minister of Justice was the chief official in charge of upholding , administering , and interpreting the law . , such as nobles and foreign ambassadors . , such as granting fiefs and titles . The Minister of Finance was the treasurer for the official bureaucracy and the armed forces who handled tax revenues and set standards for units of measurement . The Minister Steward served the emperor exclusively , providing him with entertainment and amusements , proper food and clothing , medicine and physical care , valuables and equipment .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "572f8446947a6a140053ca07_s",
              "question": "Who provided food and medical aid to the emperor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Minister Steward",
                  "answer_start": 1063
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who provided  the emperor with sustenance and medical aid?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7596_s",
          "context": "Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children , grandchildren and great grandchildren , and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver , respectively . Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father , aged 56 ; the assassination of Prince Philip 's uncle , Lord Mountbatten ; the death in 1997 of her son 's former wife , Diana , Princess of Wales . Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and severe press criticism of the royal family , but support for the monarchy and her personal popularity remain high .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fa2005ab6b81900390f43_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth's son and ex-wife die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1997",
                  "answer_start": 347
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Elizabeth's  son's ex-wife die?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12570_s",
          "context": "Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people , the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men . They did participate , however , in a number of intellectual activities . Along with sewing and embroidery , nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders . In the Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret , some of the nuns could converse fluently in Latin . Learning still had an elevated place in the lives of these religious . In fact , Margarette Reglerin , was dismissed from a convent because she did not have the ability or will to learn .",
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            {
              "id": "5727f480ff5b5019007d9924_s",
              "question": "Who was expelled from the monastery because he didn't want to study?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Margarette Reglerin",
                  "answer_start": 514
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was expelled from a nunnery for not wanting to learn?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18768_s",
          "context": "The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs . They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint . On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint . Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy . The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing . It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages . The most important urs are , urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan , urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jhang",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573403a24776f419006616f3_s",
              "question": "Where are Zacharias and the temple?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Multan",
                  "answer_start": 467
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Zakria's shrine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8876_s",
          "context": "After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881 , and Spalding , who had retired to start Spalding sporting goods , assumed ownership of the club . The White Stockings , with Anson acting as player/manager , captured their third consecutive pennant in 1882 , and Anson established himself as the game 's first true superstar . In 1885 and ' 86 , after winning N.L. pennants . Both seasons resulted in match ups with the St. Louis Brown Stockings , with the clubs tying in 1885 and with St. Louis winning in 1886 . This was the genesis of what would eventually become one of the greatest rivalries in sports . In all . As a result , Chicago 's club nickname transitioned , or sometimes `` Anson 's Colts '' . Anson was the first player in history credited with collecting 3,000 career hits . After a disappointing record of 59-73 and a 9th-place finish in 1897 . Due to Anson 's absence from the club after 22 years .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f633271a42140099d385_s",
              "question": "Who took over the baby after Herbert died?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spalding",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who assumed ownership of the Cubs after Hulbert died?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3690_s",
          "context": "According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080 , at the time of Mellitus , a Bishop of London . Construction of the present church began in 1245 , on the orders of King Henry III .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e6dde2de9d3714000680a9_s",
              "question": "Who built the monastery?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Henry III",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8335_s",
          "context": ", the leading cavalry commander . After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon , a compromise was arranged , assuming that it was a boy -LRB- as it was . Soon , however , and assumed full control . The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire , because , as Arrian writes , `` everyone was suspicious of him , and he of them '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bcdc89a1e219009abdba_s",
              "question": "Who proved that perdicus was suspect?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arrian",
                  "answer_start": 355
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who documented that Perdiccas' was under suspicion? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1885_s",
          "context": "In March 2011 , and will continue to be updated regularly . , and no further index updates are planned .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddc47666d3e219004dacdd_s",
              "question": "When was the details of updating the test version of the machine released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 2011",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were details of the test version of the updated Wayback Machine released?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14225_s",
          "context": ", Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine , food meticulously prepared and artfully presented . A luxury restaurant , La Taverne Anglaise , opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers ; it featured an elegant dining room , an extensive menu , linen tablecloths , a large wine list and well-trained waiters . The restaurant Le Grand Véfour in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period . , including the Café de Paris , the Rocher de Cancale , the Café Anglais , Maison Dorée and the Café Riche , were mostly located near the theatres on the Boulevard des Italiens ; they were immortalised in the novels of Balzac and Émile Zola . , including Maxim 's on Rue Royale , Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées , and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
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            {
              "id": "5728fcb73f37b31900477f1a_s",
              "question": "When did La Taverne open angaise?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1786",
                  "answer_start": 170
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did La Taverne Angaise open?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17038_s",
          "context": ", but since 2013 , the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city . There are also several minor league sports in the city , including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division -LRB- third tier of American soccer -RRB- and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball -LRB- an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants -RRB- . , and currently play at City Stadium . The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15 , 2010 . From 1966 through 2008 , the city was home to the Richmond Braves , a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57345641acc1501500babe06_s",
              "question": "Where is the home of the Richmond kicker?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "City Stadium",
                  "answer_start": 458
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13774_s",
          "context": "Political interest groups have stated that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible unconstitutional violations of the Fourth Amendment. On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched. Also, governing bodies in a number of communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act.",
          "c_entity": [
            "30 july 2003"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57284dd0ff5b5019007da13e_s",
              "question": "When did the ACLU begin to question the Patriot Act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "30 July 2003",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8053_s",
          "context": "In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator , hydralazine . A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time -LRB- tachyphylaxis -RRB- . , which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today . This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ad0d09499d21900609b3d_s",
              "question": "Who found hydrazine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "researchers at Ciba",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered Hydralazine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9075_s",
          "context": "In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to apply to any such copying, even from file-sharing networks. However, in April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that \"national legislation which makes no distinction between private copies made from lawful sources and those made from counterfeited or pirated sources cannot be tolerated.\" Thus, in the Netherlands, for example, downloading from file-sharing networks is no longer legal.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d65cdd62a815002e91e8_s",
              "question": "When did the European Court of justice decide on this distinction?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 2014",
                  "answer_start": 391
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17874_s",
          "context": "The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit . In return for promises of support against the British and the French . , which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats . Starting with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858 , France expanded control of Indochina . , France was in full control of the region and had reached the Chinese border . The Sino-French War began with a surprise attack by the French on the Chinese southern fleet at Fuzhou . After that the Chinese declared war on the French . A French invasion of Taiwan was halted and the French were defeated on land in Tonkin at the Battle of Bang Bo . However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe10_s",
              "question": "When was the battle of cochina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1858",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Cochinchina Campaign?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9646_s",
          "context": "The growth of the Internet , and particularly distributed search engines like Kazaa and Gnutella , have represented a challenge for copyright policy . The Recording Industry Association of America , in particular , has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement , which the industry calls `` piracy '' . The industry has had victories against some services , including a highly publicized case against the file-sharing company Napster , and some people have been prosecuted for sharing files in violation of copyright . The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works . , that use criminal law to prevent any circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights management systems . Equivalent provisions , to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time , and are being expanded in , for example , Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive . , and the Conditional Access Directive of 1998 -LRB- 98/84/EEC -RRB- . This can hinder legal uses , affecting public domain works , limitations and exceptions to copyright , or uses allowed by the copyright holder . Some copyleft licenses , like GNU GPL 3 , are designed to counter that . Laws may permit circumvention under specific conditions like when it is necessary to achieve interoperability with the circumventor 's program , or for accessibility reasons ; however , distribution of circumvention tools or instructions may be illegal .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265974dd62a815002e826a_s",
              "question": "When did the EU pass the access conditions directive?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1998",
                  "answer_start": 1064
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Conditional Access Directive passed in the EU?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13066_s",
          "context": ", General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social , political , and economic liberalization . , however , analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence , and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign . Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments ' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727dbae3acd2414000dee26_s",
              "question": "When did the monks of the temple begin to protest against the independence of drappon and Serra?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 197
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries start protesting for independence?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7705_s",
          "context": "Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business , which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow , by expanding into the enterprise market with servers , networking , software , and services . It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard . Dell also managed some success in taking advantage of its high-touch direct sales heritage to establish close relationships and design solutions for clients . Despite spending $ 13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware , the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world , as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price . Dell 's market share in the corporate segment was previously a `` moat '' against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fd63b80d9841400ab36ae_s",
              "question": "Who are Dell's main business partners?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hewlett Packard",
                  "answer_start": 335
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Dell's main business rival?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6363_s",
          "context": ", then club vice-captain . , and was considered by Catalans to be one of their own . However , and , during subsequent visits to the Camp Nou . Upon his first return , a piglet 's head and a full bottle of whiskey were thrown at him from the crowd . The next three years saw the club in decline , and managers came and went . , despite an extensive investment in players in the summer of 2000 , presided over a mediocre league campaign and a humiliating first-round Champions League exit , and was eventually dismissed late in the season . , initially on a temporary basis , and managed to at least steer the club to the last Champions League spot on the final day of the season . What followed , despite another decent Champions League performance , with the team as low as 15th in February 2003 . , though a sixth-place finish was the best that he could manage . At the end of the season , and club president Joan Gaspart resigned , his position having been made completely untenable by such a disastrous season on top of the club 's overall decline in fortunes since he became president three years prior .",
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              "id": "570c9615fed7b91900d45a07_s",
              "question": "Who quit after Barcelona's poor performance in 2003?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Joan Gaspart",
                  "answer_start": 911
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "After Barcelona's poor showing in the 2003 season , who resigned from the presidency?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18836_s",
          "context": "The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered. However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding",
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            {
              "id": "5736342b506b47140023658d_s",
              "question": "Where did the big antelope live?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "much of the desert areas of the Middle East",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "What did the large antelope species once inhabit?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9414_s",
          "context": "The local government continuously strives for a reduction of massive traffic congestion , and has increased incentives for making a bicycle-friendly city . This includes North America 's second-largest bicycle sharing system , EcoBici , launched in 2010 . There are , 276 stations with 4,000 bicycles across an area stretching from the Historic center to Polanco . within 300 metres -LRB- 980 feet -RRB- of one another and are fully automatic using a transponder based card . Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías -LRB- dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets -RRB- , including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometres -LRB- 37 miles -RRB- from Polanco to Fierro del Toro , which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park , near the Morelos state line . The city 's initiative is inspired by forward thinking examples , such as Denmark 's Copenhagenization .",
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              "question": "When did the city's bike sharing system start?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2010",
                  "answer_start": 249
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the bike sharing system of the city begin?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16604_s",
          "context": ". Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period , circa 1200 BC to AD 150 . These people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn , beans , and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting . The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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            {
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              "question": "Where was a village web page found in 2100 B.C?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Santa Cruz River",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Near what river was a village site dating from 2100 BC found? "
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18225_s",
          "context": "YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with NBC in June 2006 . , YouTube reached an agreement with MGM , Lions Gate Entertainment , and CBS , allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site , accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers called `` Shows '' . The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu , which features material from NBC , Fox , and Disney . , YouTube launched a version of `` Shows '' available to UK viewers , offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners . , YouTube introduced an online film rentals service , which is available only to users in the US . The service offers over 6,000 films .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When did YouTube start working with NBC?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "June 2006",
                  "answer_start": 73
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              "original_question": "When did youtube enter a partnership with NBC?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-443_s",
          "context": "During this time , Link also helps Midna find the Fused Shadows , fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic . In return , she helps Link find Ordon Village 's children while helping the monkeys of Faron , the Gorons of Eldin , and the Zoras of Lanayru . , they are ambushed by Zant . After he relieves Midna of the Fused Shadow fragments , she ridicules him for abusing his tribe 's magic , but Zant reveals that his power comes from another source as he uses it to turn Link back into a wolf . , Link learns he needs the Master Sword to return to human form . Zelda sacrifices herself to heal Midna with her power before vanishing mysteriously . , and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world .",
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              "question": "Where is Zola from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lanayru",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where do the Zoras come from?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-171_s",
          "context": "The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment , but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming , genocide was defined as `` a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people , a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that eliminate key elements of the group 's basic existence , including language , culture , and economic infrastructure . '' He created a concept of mobilizing much of the international relations and community , to working together and preventing the occurrence of such events happening within history and the international society .",
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              "id": "573344334776f419006607d3_s",
              "question": "Who ultimately defines genocide as a series of strategies leading to the destruction of entire groups?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lemming",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group?"
            }
          ]
        }
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        {
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          "context": "In 1849 , Horne 's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store . , it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city 's downtown . , Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne 's , and ADG expanded operations of Horne 's to several stores in suburban malls throughout the Pittsburgh region as well as in Erie , Pennsylvania and Northeast Ohio . , Horne 's was acquired by a local investor group following ADG 's acquisition by May Department Stores . , Federated Department Stores acquired the remaining ten Horne 's stores and merged them with its Lazarus division , completely ceasing all operations of any store under the Horne 's name .",
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              "question": "When did horn start his business?",
              "answers": [
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Horne began doing business?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12958_s",
          "context": "In March 2013 , Governor Rick Snyder declared a financial emergency in the city , stating that the city has a $ 327 million budget deficit and faces more than $ 14 billion in long-term debt . It has been making ends meet on a month-to-month basis with the help of bond money held in a state escrow account and has instituted mandatory unpaid days off for many city workers . Those troubles , along with underfunded city services , such as police and fire departments , 2013 . On June 14 , 2013 Detroit defaulted on $ 2.5 billion of debt by withholding $ 39.7 million in interest payments . On July 18 , 2013 , the City of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection . , with its $ 18.5 billion debt he said in accepting the city 's contention that it is broke and that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were infeasible .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5728d8182ca10214002da948_s",
              "question": "Who was the governor of Michigan in 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rick Snyder",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Michigan's governor in 2013?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12417_s",
          "context": "Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources : various makers of `` home recordings '' readily available to the public , European recordings , lateral-cut transcriptions , and vertical-cut transcriptions . , later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters -LRB- NARTB -RRB- . The NAB , among other items , issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records , principally transcriptions . A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727eef54b864d1900164057_s",
              "question": "When was the record giant officially published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 427
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were recording standards officially released?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10674_s",
          "context": ", Vlastislav Hofman . They worked mostly in Prague but also in other Bohemian towns . , Grand Café Orient . Vlastislav Hofman built the entrance pavilions of Ďáblice Cemetery in 1912 -- 1914 . A Cubist streetlamp has also been preserved near the Wenceslas Square .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "vlastislav hofman",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727bdf52ca10214002d953e_s",
              "question": "Who built the house of Black Madonna?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vlastislav Hofman",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who built the House of the Black Madonna?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-778_s",
          "context": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel . It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville , a town that labels itself `` The Literary Capital of Alabama '' . White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury . During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated . Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel -LRB- and the annual performance -RRB- : `` It becomes part of the town ritual , like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras . With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse , it 's part of a central , civic education -- what Monroeville aspires to be . ''",
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            {
              "id": "56cf5b0eaab44d1400b890f8_s",
              "question": "When was \"kill a Mockingbird\" staged?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8194_s",
          "context": "In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.",
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            "albert pike"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572634c8271a42140099d765_s",
              "question": "Who is in dispute in the Freemasonry?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Albert Pike",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was controversial among Freemasons?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14766_s",
          "context": "Until the 19th century , Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did . A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec -LRB- سجع , also transliterated as seci -RRB- , or rhymed prose , a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj ' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a string of words , such as a sentence , there must be a rhyme . Nevertheless , there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time , though exclusively non-fictional in nature . One apparent exception was Muhayyelât -LRB- `` Fancies '' -RRB- by Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi , a collection of stories of the fantastic written in 1796 , though not published until 1867 . Published in 1851 , the novel was entitled The Story of Akabi -LRB- Turkish .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a5abcd562191400bc869a_s",
              "question": "Who wrote muhayel0b226t?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi",
                  "answer_start": 637
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote Muhayyelât?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12160_s",
          "context": "The `` Jeltoqsan '' -LRB- Kazakh for `` December '' -RRB- of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata , Kazakhstan , sparked by Gorbachev 's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev , an outsider from the Russian SFSR . Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17 , 1986 . Protesters swelled to 1,000 to 5,000 as other students joined the crowd . , druzhiniki -LRB- volunteers -RRB- , cadets , policemen . The situation escalated around 5 p.m. , as troops were ordered to disperse the protesters . Clashes between the security forces and the demonstrators continued throughout the night in Almaty .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278815f1498d1400e8fb17_s",
              "question": "Who was fired by Gorbachev and who caused the unrest?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dinmukhamed Konayev",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was fired by Gorbachev causing riots?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-442_s",
          "context": "Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village. One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight. A Shadow Beast pulls him beyond the wall into the Realm of Twilight, where he is transformed into a wolf and imprisoned. Link is soon freed by an imp-like Twilight being named Midna, who dislikes Link but agrees to help him if he obeys her unconditionally. She guides him to Princess Zelda. Zelda explains that Zant, the King of the Twilight, has stolen the light from three of the four Light Spirits and conquered Hyrule. In order to save Hyrule, Link must first restore the Light Spirits by entering the Twilight-covered areas and, as a wolf, recover the Spirits' lost light. He must do this by collecting the multiple \"Tears of Light\"; once all the Tears of Light are collected for one area, he restores that area's Light Spirit. As he restores them, the Light Spirits return Link to his Hylian form.",
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            "ordon village"
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            {
              "id": "56d1298217492d1400aabaf8_s",
              "question": "Where does link work as a rancher?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ordon Village",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Link working as a ranch hand?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18589_s",
          "context": "On January 17 , 1961 , Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office . In his farewell speech . He described the Cold War : `` We face a hostile ideology global in scope , atheistic in character , ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ... '' and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that `` we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence , whether sought or unsought , by the military -- industrial complex . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5732824557eb1f1400fd2d57_s",
              "question": "Where does Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oval Office",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13281_s",
          "context": "In 1941 , Nasser was posted to Khartoum , Sudan , which was part of Egypt at the time . Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt . In 1942 . Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote , `` I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack '' , and wished for `` calamity '' to overtake the British . He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution . Nasser stayed in touch with the group 's members primarily through Amer .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f19a3acd2414000df071_s",
              "question": "Who was Nasser's contact in the army and gave Nasser the documents?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amer",
                  "answer_start": 575
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12033_s",
          "context": ", the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia . The latter had grown rapidly and land was less available . Nathaniel Batts was documented as one of the first of these Virginian migrants . He settled south of the Chowan River and east of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655 . , this northeastern area of the Province of Carolina , known as the Albemarle Settlements , was undergoing full-scale English settlement . During the same period , the English monarch Charles II gave the province to the Lords Proprietors . The new province of `` Carolina '' was named in honor and memory of King Charles I -LRB- Latin : Carolus -RRB- . , North Carolina became a separate colony . Except for the Earl Granville holdings .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5727849e5951b619008f8c21_s",
              "question": "When was Nathaniel Bartz settled in North Carolina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1655",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Nathaniel Battes settle in North Carolina?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3041_s",
          "context": ", the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825 . The most popular was Punch , which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures . On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e01d2f231d4119001abf34_s",
              "question": "When did Glasgow's mirror start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1825",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4974_s",
          "context": "Greenware ceramics made from celadon had been made in the area since the 3rd-century Jin dynasty , but it returned to prominence -- during the Southern Song and Yuan . Longquan greenware is characterized by a thick unctuous glaze of a particular bluish-green tint over an otherwise undecorated light-grey porcellaneous body that is delicately potted . Yuan Longquan celadons feature a thinner , greener glaze on increasingly large vessels with decoration and shapes derived from Middle Eastern ceramic and metalwares . By the Ming , however , production was notably deficient in quality . It is in this period that the Longquan kilns declined .",
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            {
              "id": "56f9849c9e9bad19000a0a05_s",
              "question": "Where did yuan Longquan celadon come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Middle Eastern",
                  "answer_start": 479
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What decorations are Yuan Longquan celadons derived from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8489_s",
          "context": "Napoleon maintained strict , efficient work habits , prioritizing what needed to be done . He cheated at cards , but repaid the losses ; he had to win at everything he attempted . He kept relays of staff and secretaries at work . Unlike many generals . Critics said he won many battles simply because of luck ; Napoleon responded , `` Give me lucky generals , '' aware that `` luck '' comes to leaders who recognize opportunity , and seize it . Dwyer argues that Napoleon 's victories at Austerlitz and Jena in 1805-06 heightened his sense of self-grandiosity , leaving him even more certain of his destiny and invincibility . By the Russian campaign in 1812 , however , Napoleon seems to have lost his verve . With crisis after crisis at hand , he rarely rose to the occasion . Some historians have suggested a physical deterioration , but others note that an impaired Napoleon was still a brilliant general .",
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              "question": "Who says Napoleon's victories at Austerlitz and Jena increased his arrogance?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dwyer",
                  "answer_start": 445
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argues that Napoleon's triumphs at Austerlitz and Jena increased his self-grandiosity?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9618_s",
          "context": ", Hyundai , Shinsegae . Lotte Department Store is the largest , operating more than 40 stores -LRB- include outlet , young plaza , foreign branches -RRB- . Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores -LRB- 13dept , 1outlet -RRB- . Shinsegae has 3 outlet store with Simon . Galleria has 5 , AK has 5 stores . These five department stores are known to people as representative corporations in the field of distirution in South Korea . From fashion items to electric appliances , people can buy various kinds of products . Every weekend , people are fond of going around these department stores , because their location is usually easy to visit . , Busan , is the largest department store in the world .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "57267762708984140094c71c_s",
              "question": "Where is the \"distribution area\" most often connected?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "South Korea",
                  "answer_start": 420
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the \"field of distribution\" most often associated with?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16940_s",
          "context": ". Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander . MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing in Australia . On 8 June 1942 .",
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            {
              "id": "5731fa3c0fdd8d15006c66b4_s",
              "question": "Where did MacArthur's headquarters move in March 1942?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Melbourne",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942?"
            }
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        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-349_s",
          "context": ", like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming , settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory . , no Ming troops replaced them . '' , despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there , these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces . However . , which the Marquis Mu Ying -LRB- 沐英 -RRB- was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu . Yet invasion went both ways ; the Ming general Qu Neng , was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cd8f8962d2951400fa671a_s",
              "question": "Who was ordered to launch a Tibetan attack on Sichuan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ming general Qu Neng",
                  "answer_start": 642
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4400_s",
          "context": "In January 1920 . Upon his return . The CPY 's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly . In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party . Winning numerous local elections , they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb , electing Svetozar Delić for mayor . , the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior , by a young communist on 2 August 1921 . During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified . As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist . In 1925 . He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike . He was fired and moved to Belgrade , where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka . He was elected as Workers ' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed . In 1928 , he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY . In the same year he was arrested , tried in court for his illegal communist activities , and sent to jail . , who became his ideological mentor . After his release , he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f718d33d8e2e1400e37341_s",
              "question": "Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communist Party won 59 seats in Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Svetozar Delić",
                  "answer_start": 345
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18200_s",
          "context": "At the time , there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine , and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy . , and some 318 bishops -LRB- very few from the Western Empire -RRB- attended the First Council of Nicaea . The purpose of this meeting was to define Christian orthodoxy and clearly differentiate it from Christian heresies . The meeting reached consensus on the Nicene Creed and other statements . Later , Philostorgius criticized Christians who offered sacrifice at statues of the divus Constantine . Constantine nevertheless took great pains to assuage traditionalist and Christian anxieties .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "573233c1b9d445190005e8bf_s",
              "question": "Where are the bishops in Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Western Empire",
                  "answer_start": 169
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6455_s",
          "context": "The approaching era of jet travel , and a series of midair collisions -LRB- most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision -RRB- . This legislation gave the CAA 's functions to a new independent body , the Federal Aviation Agency . The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA , and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control . The FAA 's first administrator , Elwood R. Quesada , was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570aa9616d058f1900183044_s",
              "question": "When did the Grand Canyon appear in the air?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1956",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Grand-Canyon mid-air collision happen?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3840_s",
          "context": "SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena . The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship , including the opening game and the final of the tournament .",
          "c_entity": [
            "more than a decade",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8909199e8941900975e98_s",
              "question": "When was the International Hockey Federation World hockey championship held in Bern?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern?"
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          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10515_s",
          "context": ". , the country 's first university-affiliated art museum , contains more than 180,000 works , including Old Masters and important collections of modern art . The latter , Louis Kahn 's first large-scale American work -LRB- 1953 -RRB- , was renovated and reopened in December 2006 . , the largest collection of British art outside of the UK .",
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              "id": "5726ed335951b619008f828b_s",
              "question": "Who designed the building for the British Art Center of Yale University?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Louis Kahn",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-775_s",
          "context": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'\" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf59eaaab44d1400b890d1_s",
              "question": "When was the film adaptation of the book published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 41
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year?"
            }
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          "context": "In 1636 George , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , moved his residence to Hanover . , and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708 . , colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg 's capital -LRB- see also : House of Hanover -RRB- . The first of these was George I Louis , who acceded to the British throne in 1714 . The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV . Semi-Salic law , which required succession by the male line if possible . As a male-line descendant of George I , Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover . Her descendants , however , bore her husband 's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha . , were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover .",
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              "id": "5709f21e4103511400d594b0_s",
              "question": "Where has the Duke of Brunswick moved to?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hanover",
                  "answer_start": 69
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3643_s",
          "context": ", England Dan & John Ford Coley , Air Supply , Seals and Crofts , America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac . By 1977 , some radio stations , like New York 's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY , had switched to an all-soft rock format . , tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change , including musical artists such as Journey . Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience . The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel , Steve O'Brien , Dick Summers",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56e6c83cde9d37140006803a_s",
              "question": "When was the best-selling album released in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1977",
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                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "In what year was the best selling album of the 1970s released?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7075_s",
          "context": "When John 's elder brother Richard became king in September 1189 , he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade . Richard set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands , titles and appointments , and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire . , and was given valuable lands in Lancaster and the counties of Cornwall , Derby , Devon , Dorset , Nottingham and Somerset , all with the aim of buying his loyalty to Richard whilst the king was on crusade . Richard retained royal control of key castles in these counties , thereby preventing John from accumulating too much military and political power , and , for the time being . In return , John promised not to visit England for the next three years . Richard left political authority in England -- the post of justiciar , his chancellor . Mandeville immediately died , which would prove to be a less than satisfactory partnership . Eleanor , the queen mother , convinced Richard to allow John into England in his absence .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c660afed7b91900d45999_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded Richard to keep John in England?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eleanor",
                  "answer_start": 992
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who convinced Richard to allow John to join into England?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15855_s",
          "context": "London 's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile . The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable . The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA -LRB- or ack-ack -RRB- in May 1941 , with only 2,631 weapons available . Dowding had to rely on night fighters . From 1940 to 1941 ; its four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type . AA defences improved by better use of radar and searchlights . Over several months , the 20,000 shells spent per raider shot down in September 1940 , was reduced to 4,087 in January 1941 and to 2,963 shells in February 1941 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dowding",
            "anti-aircraft command",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e3_s",
              "question": "Who depends on night hunters?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dowding",
                  "answer_start": 309
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who relied on night fighters?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11743_s",
          "context": "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons -LRB- called `` photoelectrons '' -RRB- from a surface when light is shone on it . , although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz , who published the first thorough investigation in 1887 . The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect , rather than relativity , both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment , and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real .",
          "c_entity": [
            "einstein",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57292b05af94a219006aa14d_s",
              "question": "Who published the first in-depth study on photoelectric effects?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Heinrich Hertz",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published the first thorough investigation of the photoelectric effect?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6168_s",
          "context": "In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide \"consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws.\" Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to \"mark one or more races\" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709a704ed30961900e843c6_s",
              "question": "Who chose race and racial classification and federal data?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "OMB",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7599_s",
          "context": ", Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession . Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth , many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours . The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen 's popularity , despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret 's separation from her husband . In 1978 , the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania 's communist dictator , Nicolae Ceaușescu , and his wife , Elena , though privately she thought they had `` blood on their hands '' . : one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt , former Surveyor of the Queen 's Pictures , as a communist spy ; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570fa75480d9841400ab3615_s",
              "question": "When did Nicolas Ceausescu visit the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1978",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4142_s",
          "context": "The `` standard complement '' of double winds and brass in the orchestra from the first half of the 19th century is generally attributed to Beethoven . The exceptions to this are his Symphony No. 4 , Violin Concerto , and Piano Concerto No. 4 , which each specify a single flute . The composer 's instrumentation usually included paired flutes , oboes , clarinets , bassoons , horns and trumpets . Beethoven carefully calculated the expansion of this particular timbral `` palette '' in Symphonies 3 , 5 , 6 , and 9 for an innovative effect . The third horn in the `` Eroica '' Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility , but also the effect of `` choral '' brass in the Trio . , contrabassoon , and trombones add to the triumphal finale of his Symphony No. 5 . A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver `` storm '' and `` sunshine '' in the Sixth . The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns , for reasons similar to the `` Eroica '' -LRB- four horns has since become standard -RRB- ; Beethoven 's use of piccolo , contrabassoon , trombones , and untuned percussion -- plus chorus and vocal soloists -- in his finale , are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded . For several decades after he died , symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven 's well-established model , with few exceptions .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f7227a711bf01900a449c2_s",
              "question": "Who is the \"standard supplement\" attributed to?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Beethoven",
                  "answer_start": 140
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "To whom is the \"standard complement\" attributed to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8160_s",
          "context": "In 1887 , the British Empire celebrated Victoria 's Golden Jubilee . The following day , she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey . By this time . Two days later on 23 June , she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters , one of whom was Abdul Karim . : teaching her Hindustani , and acting as a clerk . Her family and retainers were appalled , and biasing the Queen against the Hindus . , and reported to Lord Elgin , Viceroy of India . '' . Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572635ccec44d21400f3dc41_s",
              "question": "Who was promoted to the store by the waiter?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Abdul Karim",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was promoted from waiter to Munshi?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12205_s",
          "context": ", the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield . , the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party . On May 15 the new parliament convened . The bloc of conservative communists held 239 seats ; the Democratic Bloc , which had evolved into the National Council , had 125 deputies . , two candidates remained in the protracted race for parliament chair . The leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine -LRB- CPU -RRB- , Volodymyr Ivashko , was elected with 60 percent of the vote as more than 100 opposition deputies boycotted the election . -- 6 , Metropolitan Mstyslav of the U.S.-based Ukrainian Orthodox Church was elected patriarch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church -LRB- UAOC -RRB- during that Church 's first synod . The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572838743acd2414000df743_s",
              "question": "When is the first day of the new parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May 15",
                  "answer_start": 234
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was the first day that the new parliament met?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1972_s",
          "context": "The Royal Canadian Navy -LRB- RCN -RRB- , headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy , includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets : Maritime Forces Pacific -LRB- MARPAC -RRB- at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast , and Maritime Forces Atlantic -LRB- MARLANT -RRB- at Her Majesty 's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast , as well as one formation . The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels . The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations , and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56deea68c65bf219000b3e23_s",
              "question": "Where is the Atlantic Marine Corps?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Halifax",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5397_s",
          "context": "Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fe00a519033b140034ce2a_s",
              "question": "When was the first time a computer was used to coordinate information between multiple locations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1950s",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15033_s",
          "context": "In a speech before the Organization of American States in November 2013 , Kerry remarked that the era of the Monroe Doctrine was over . He went on to explain . It 's about all of our countries viewing one another as equals , sharing responsibilities , cooperating on security issues , and adhering not to doctrine , but to the decisions that we make as partners to advance the values and the interests that we share . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572ac813111d821400f38d68_s",
              "question": "Where did Kerry speak in November 2013?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Organization of American States",
                  "answer_start": 19
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Kerry speak in Nov 2013?"
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4660_s",
          "context": "After the fall of Napoléon, many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion. Thus, Savoy built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley in order to protect the major alpine passes, such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by, Charlemagne and his father to defeat the Lombarts. The later indeed became very popular after the construction of a paved road ordered by Napoléon Bonaparte. The Barrière de l'Esseillon is a serie of forts with heavy batteries, built on a cliff with a perfect view on the valley, a gorge on one side and steep mountains on the other side.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c0389b226e1400dd0f2d_s",
              "question": "When did many Alpine countries have strong protective measures to prevent new invasions?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "After the fall of Napoléon",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did many alpine countries develop heavy protection to prevent new invasion?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4659_s",
          "context": "During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century . In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland .",
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            {
              "id": "56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f14_s",
              "question": "Who joined the Habsburg and Savoy families?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon",
                  "answer_start": 11
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              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13399_s",
          "context": "Greenwich Mean Time -LRB- GMT -RRB- is an older standard , adopted starting with British railways in 1847 . Using telescopes instead of atomic clocks , GMT was calibrated to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory , Greenwich in the UK . Universal Time -LRB- UT -RRB- is the modern term for the international telescope-based system . , though the location is still used as the basis for the coordinate system . Because the rotational period of Earth is not perfectly constant . The terms `` GMT '' and `` Greenwich Mean Time '' are sometimes used informally to refer to UT or UTC .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727feae3acd2414000df198_s",
              "question": "When does British Rail use Greenwich mean time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1847",
                  "answer_start": 101
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was GMT adopted by British Railways?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2516_s",
          "context": ", located in New Mexico , in 1945 . They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation . These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space , and the first two-stage rocket , the WAC Corporal-V2 combination , in 1949 . , in 1950 . From here , von Braun and his team would develop the Army 's first operational medium-range ballistic missile , the Redstone rocket , that would , in slightly modified versions , launch both America 's first satellite , and the first piloted Mercury space missions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e084b77aa994140058e595_s",
              "question": "Where is the white sand test ground?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Mexico",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8183_s",
          "context": "Napoleon III , and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit . Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726768af1498d1400e8e07e_s",
              "question": "Where did Napoleon III meet Victoria and Albert before accompanying them to Paris?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Dunkirk",
                  "answer_start": 126
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Napoleon III meet Victoria and Albert, before accompanying them to Paris?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12051_s",
          "context": "In 2012 . , with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats ' four . In the 2014 mid-term elections , Republican David Rouzer won the state 's Seventh Congressional District seat .",
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            {
              "id": "5727a5473acd2414000de8cf_s",
              "question": "Who owned the seventh congressional district of North Carolina in 2014?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Rouzer",
                  "answer_start": 122
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won North Carolinas 7th congressional district seat in 2014?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8432_s",
          "context": "The next phase of the campaign featured the French invasion of the Habsburg heartlands . French forces in Southern Germany had been defeated by the Archduke Charles in 1796 , but the Archduke withdrew his forces to protect Vienna after learning about Napoleon 's assault . In the first notable encounter between the two commanders . The Austrians were alarmed by the French thrust that reached all the way to Leoben , about 100 km from Vienna , and finally decided to sue for peace . The Treaty of Leoben , followed by the more comprehensive Treaty of Campo Formio , gave France control of most of northern Italy and the Low Countries , and a secret clause promised the Republic of Venice to Austria . Bonaparte marched on Venice and forced its surrender . He also authorized the French to loot treasures such as the Horses of Saint Mark .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726672df1498d1400e8de72_s",
              "question": "When was France defeated by Duke Charles in southern Germany?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1796",
                  "answer_start": 168
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year were the French defeated in Southern Germany by the Archduke Charles?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7308_s",
          "context": ", and as part of the Global War on Terror , displacing the Taliban government . The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003 . It served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations . 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003 .",
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              "id": "570d4faffed7b91900d45e62_s",
              "question": "When did the US attack Iraq?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The U.S. Army invaded Iraq in what year?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7514_s",
          "context": "The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city. The Café Procope in particular became a center of Enlightenment, welcoming such celebrities as Voltaire and Rousseau. The Café Procope was where Diderot and D'Alembert decided to create the Encyclopédie. The cafés were one of the various \"nerve centers\" for bruits publics, public noise or rumour. These bruits were allegedly a much better source of information than were the actual newspapers available at the time.",
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            {
              "id": "57109269a58dae1900cd6a54_s",
              "question": "Where was the Procope Cafe founded in 1686?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paris",
                  "answer_start": 36
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18268_s",
          "context": ", to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The issue is complex , however , as the incorporation ultimately bases on the passage of the 14th Amendment in 1868 , at which point the first amendment 's application to the state government was recognized . Many of these constitutional debates relate to the competing interpretive theories of originalism versus modern , progressivist theories such as the doctrine of the Living Constitution . Other debates center on the principle of the law of the land in America being defined not just by the Constitution 's Supremacy Clause , but also by legal precedence , making an accurate reading of the Constitution subject to the mores and values of a given era , and rendering the concept of historical revisionism irrelevant when discussing the Constitution .",
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            {
              "id": "5731d701e17f3d140042248c_s",
              "question": "When was the fourteenth amendment adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1868",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
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              "original_question": "When was the passage of the 14th Amendment?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11015_s",
          "context": "In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads. Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726b2c95951b619008f7af4_s",
              "question": "Who was the commander of the Moroccan invasion in 1591?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Judar Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 286
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the commander of the Moroccan invasion of 1591? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-917_s",
          "context": "Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state . Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings . The AAA 's current ` Statement of Professional Responsibility ' clearly states that `` in relation with their own government and with host governments ... no secret research , no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given . ''",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5733ea234776f419006614d6_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the \"Declaration of professional responsibility\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The AAA",
                  "answer_start": 204
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who penned a \"Statement of Professional Responsibility\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13161_s",
          "context": "According to Forbes magazine , Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation , Chesapeake Energy Corporation , and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation . Tulsa 's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state 's largest and second-largest companies respectively , also ranking as the nation 's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy , according to Fortune magazine . The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation , while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oklahoma gas & electric",
            "oklahoma city-based devon energy corporation",
            "tulsa"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727d6782ca10214002d97ba_s",
              "question": "Where are you?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tulsa",
                  "answer_start": 205
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is ONEOK based?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7098_s",
          "context": "In 1982 . The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products , including the `` multiple exclusive , '' event marketing -LRB- credited to John Sculley , creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product 's creation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "jane anderson",
            "katie cadigan",
            "andy cunningham",
            "apple",
            "pepsi",
            "john sculley",
            "regis mckenna"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570cf1b5fed7b91900d45b2f_s",
              "question": "Who introduced apple into the concept of \"multiple exclusive\" event marketing?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Sculley",
                  "answer_start": 201
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who introduced the \"multiple exclusive\" event marketing concept to Apple?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5340_s",
          "context": "The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1872"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fdca0319033b140034cd75_s",
              "question": "When was the tide predictor invented by Sir William Thomson?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1872",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15424_s",
          "context": ", the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements , and in 1988 , Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police . In 1987 , Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta , although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons , and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons . The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition , formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group . A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled , and in turn , 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching . In October 1993 , while in September 1995 . The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists .",
          "c_entity": [
            "misrata",
            "tripoli",
            "rabta",
            "benghazi",
            "u.s."
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731860d05b4da19006bd22e_s",
              "question": "Where does Libya produce mustard gas?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rabta",
                  "answer_start": 219
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Libya manufacture mustard gas?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3883_s",
          "context": "Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive , that DST increases health risks such as heart attack , that DST can disrupt morning activities . Farmers have tended to oppose DST .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a year",
            "morning"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7594900c9c71400d76ffa_s",
              "question": "When do opponents of daylight saving time think they are most disturbed by time of day?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "morning",
                  "answer_start": 138
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14210_s",
          "context": "The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825 . The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography . Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity . Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris , noted for his depictions of street scenes , noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes -LRB- among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has became iconic of the romantic vision of Paris -RRB- , noted for his night scenes . Poster art also became an important art form in Paris in the late nineteenth century , Gavarni .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cartier-bresson",
            "henri de toulouse-lautrec",
            "man ray",
            "adolphe willette",
            "louis daguerre",
            "robert doisneau",
            "jules chéret",
            "nicéphore niépce",
            "henri-gabriel ibels",
            "alphonse mucha",
            "maurice tabard",
            "marcel bovis",
            "georges de feure",
            "pierre bonnard",
            "eugène grasset",
            "jacques-henri lartigue",
            "eugène atget"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f2e5af94a219006a9e3a_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first permanent photo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicéphore Niépce",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who invented the first permanent photograph?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9470_s",
          "context": "Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.",
          "c_entity": [
            "germany"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295cd51d04691400779322_s",
              "question": "Where did the thirty year war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 466
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7877_s",
          "context": "Athanasius recounts being a student , as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great -LRB- tenth -RRB- and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- This persecution was most severe in the East , particularly in Egypt and Palestine . Peter of Alexandria , the 17th archbishop of Alexandria , was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution , and may have been one of those teachers . His successor as bishop of Alexandria -- 328 -RRB- was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius . According to Sozomen . He had been well educated , and was versed in grammar and rhetoric , and had already , while still a young man , and before reaching the episcopate , given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen '' . Athanasius 's earliest work -- On the Incarnation -LRB- written before 319 -RRB- . Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools , and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism . Ultimately , Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the `` entirely allegorical interpretation of the text '' . Still , in later works , Athanasius quotes Homer more than once -LRB- Hist . Ar . 68 . iv . 29 -RRB- . , he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona .",
          "c_entity": [
            "orat",
            "organon",
            "against the heathen",
            "peter",
            "athanasius",
            "bishop alexander",
            "aristotle",
            "constantius",
            "plato"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a8edb10f8ca1400305137_s",
              "question": "Who can be one of the teachers of Athanasius?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Peter of Alexandria",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16888_s",
          "context": "Caesar was assassinated on March 15 , 44 BC . The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus . Most of the conspirators were senators , who had a variety of economic , political , or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination . Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect the monarchy and declare himself king . Others feared loss of property or prestige as Caesar carried out his land reforms in favor of the landless classes . Virtually all the conspirators fled the city after Caesar 's death in fear of retaliation . The civil war that followed destroyed what was left of the Republic .",
          "c_entity": [
            "caesar",
            "gaius cassius",
            "marcus brutus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730260904bcaa1900d77230_s",
              "question": "Who are Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus conspiring against?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caesar",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15616_s",
          "context": "Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope , Galileo 's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613 , contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune . On both occasions , Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close -- in conjunction -- to Jupiter in the night sky ; hence , he is not credited with Neptune 's discovery . At his first observation in December 1612 , Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day . This apparent backward motion is created when Earth 's orbit takes it past an outer planet . Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle , the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo 's small telescope . In July 2009 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "university of melbourne",
            "galileo",
            "david jamieson"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e8d3edfa6aa1500f8d10b_s",
              "question": "Who used a telescope to observe the drawing behind Neptune?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Galileo",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who drew Neptune after observing it with a telescope? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8188_s",
          "context": ". She thought his government was `` the worst I have ever had '' , and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum . , however , whom she referred to as a `` half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man '' . Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule . In the ensuing election .",
          "c_entity": [
            "gladstone",
            "victoria",
            "salisbury",
            "gordon"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725662acc50291900b2839f_s",
              "question": "Who was Gladstone held responsible after his death in Khartoum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Gordon",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8675_s",
          "context": "The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago, and a different wild species, the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), domesticated in Siberia about a thousand years later, is known as a Chinese goose. The two hybridise with each other and the large knob at the base of the beak, a noticeable feature of the Chinese goose, is present to a varying extent in these hybrids. The hybrids are fertile and have resulted in several of the modern breeds. Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "siberia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57264781f1498d1400e8daf8_s",
              "question": "Where do you think the world first domesticated the granga?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Siberia",
                  "answer_start": 171
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is it believed that the greylag goose was first domesticated in theworld?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2222_s",
          "context": "The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides . During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties , especially the Treaty of Versailles .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1914",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de4a06cffd8e1900b4b7ad_s",
              "question": "When did the first world war begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1914",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did World War I begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12521_s",
          "context": "A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a rich tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Wartburg College (Waverly, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg College (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1911"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a9504b864d19001639cc_s",
              "question": "When did Capella move to America?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14659_s",
          "context": "Noether 's theorem -LRB- 1918 -RRB- states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law . Noether 's theorem has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations . , respectively -RRB- , it does not apply to systems that can not be modeled with a Lagrangian ; for example , dissipative systems with continuous symmetries need not have a corresponding conservation law .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1833",
            "1788",
            "1918"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e83f6aef0514001550f8_s",
              "question": "When was norther's theory founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1918",
                  "answer_start": 25
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Noether's theorem created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6313_s",
          "context": "More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate -LRB- social -RRB- behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment . Current research -LSB- citation needed -RSB- suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning , and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems . Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses , on one hand , and the more abstract reasoning , on the other hand . The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain .",
          "c_entity": [
            "antónio damásio",
            "joseph e. ledoux",
            "paul d. maclean"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a7d566d058f1900182eaa_s",
              "question": "Who believes that emotional response competes with instinct and rationality?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Paul D. MacLean",
                  "answer_start": 438
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9119_s",
          "context": "Tensions soon developed among different Greek factions , leading to two consecutive civil wars . Meanwhile , who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain . Ibrahim landed in the Peloponnese in February 1825 and had immediate success : by the end of 1825 , most of the Peloponnese was under Egyptian control , and the city of Missolonghi -- put under siege by the Turks since April 1825 -- fell in April 1826 . , he had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mehmet ali",
            "mani",
            "ibrahim pasha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263cafec44d21400f3dc84_s",
              "question": "Who did Egypt send troops to Greece?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ibrahim Pasha",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Egypt send to Greece with an Army?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18052_s",
          "context": "The 9th . The north and south tympana beneath the dome was decorated with figures of prophets , saints and patriarchs . Above the door from the southwest vestibule to the narthex another mosaic shows the Theotokos with Justinian and Constantine . Justinian I is offering the model of the church to Mary while Constantine is holding a model of the city in his hand . Both emperors are beardless -- this is an example for conscious archaization as contemporary Byzantine rulers were bearded . -- 1055 -RRB- . The emperor gives a bulging money sack to Christ as a donation for the church .",
          "c_entity": [
            "10th-century",
            "early 10th century",
            "1042",
            "1055"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315da9497a881900248e89_s",
              "question": "When did queen Zoe die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1055",
                  "answer_start": 494
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Empress Zoe die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14714_s",
          "context": ", Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans . Osman 's son , Orhan , and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state . This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwestern Anatolia . The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region , paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe . , widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages , failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1324",
            "1396",
            "1389",
            "the century",
            "1387"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d3_s",
              "question": "When did the Ottomans win in Kosovo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1389",
                  "answer_start": 274
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14979_s",
          "context": "In the 1930s , the experimental station W3XE , owned by Philco , became the first television station in Philadelphia . , WPVI-TV , WHYY-TV , WPHL-TV , and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s . In 1952 , WFIL -LRB- now WPVI -RRB- premiered the television show Bandstand . Today , as in many large metropolitan areas , each of the commercial networks has an affiliate , and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs : CBS3 , 6ABC , NBC10 , Fox29 , Telefutura28 , Telemundo62 , Univision65 . The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV -LRB- Philadelphia -RRB- , WHYY-TV -LRB- Wilmington , Delaware and Philadelphia -RRB- , and NJTV -LRB- New Jersey -RRB- . In September 2007 , Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nbc",
            "philco",
            "cbs",
            "american bandstand",
            "cw philly",
            "wcau-tv",
            "lehigh valley",
            "dick clark"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac3ddbe1ee31400cb8221_s",
              "question": "Who owns w3xe?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philco",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owned W3XE?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5855_s",
          "context": "After running imperial military affairs in the states of Coahuila and Durango . On July 8 , heading toward Chihuahua . On the same day . Meanwhile , General Villagran surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo de Parral ; after a short two-hour battle . At the Battle of Parral , the French lost 55 men to the Republican forces . On August 13 , 1865 , the French forces with an estimated 2,500 men arrived at the outskirts of Chihuahua City , and on August 15 , 1865 , taking control of the state capital . Fearing the French would continue their campaign to El Paso del Norte , a secluded place in the mountains near El Paso del Norte , in August 1865 , . , but they feared altercations with American forces . , but his request was denied . , the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces . The French left the state on October 29 , 1865 . , 1865 and remained in the city until December 9 , 1865 when he returned to El Paso del Norte . Shortly after the president left Chihuahua City , 1865 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "villagran",
            "françois achille bazaine",
            "agustín enrique brincourt",
            "santa rosalia de camargo",
            "tomás zuloaga",
            "manuel ojinaga",
            "santa cruz de rosales",
            "terrazas",
            "valle de allende",
            "ciudad jiménez",
            "pyot",
            "ciudad juárez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570717a99e06ca38007e9408_s",
              "question": "Who surprised the Imperial Army that controlled Hidalgo?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Villagran",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18255_s",
          "context": "The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to private religious schools, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to the state governments. A more recent case involving the application of this principle against the states was Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet (1994).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1994"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731bedce99e3014001e6242_s",
              "question": "When did the grumit case happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 614
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the case of v. Grumet?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16106_s",
          "context": "The term \"great power\" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The \"Great Powers\" constituted the \"Concert of Europe\" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814. Since then, the international balance of power has shifted numerous times, most dramatically during World War I and World War II. While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them. In literature, alternative terms for great power are often world power or major power, but these terms can also be interchangeable with superpower.",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ed_s",
              "question": "Where did the first great power concentrate after the war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14376_s",
          "context": "Menzies ran strongly against Labor 's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and , after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation . The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate . -- their third victory against Labor 's H. V. Evatt . , in the midst of a credit squeeze . , again defeating Calwell , with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives . Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966 .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "november 1963",
            "early in 1955",
            "march 1958",
            "26 january 1966",
            "april 1951"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728eabeff5b5019007da940_s",
              "question": "When did Muntz resign from Parliament?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "26 January 1966",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Menzies resign from Parliament?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-850_s",
          "context": "In 2010 , followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead . To date the country 's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country 's east , and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010 . However . , as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR -LRB- magazine online -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "august",
            "october",
            "2015",
            "september",
            "july 2012"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733b195d058e614000b6085_s",
              "question": "When did the military operation in the rusht Valley end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "November 2010",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the military operation end in Rasht Valley?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4621_s",
          "context": ", most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1859",
            "1786",
            "the first half of the 19th century",
            "1956",
            "1911",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f88c53a6d7ea1400e1774e_s",
              "question": "When do 14 ALP climbers spend most of their time?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "first half of the 19th century",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6760_s",
          "context": "The FBI Laboratory , established with the formation of the BOI , did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974 . The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA , biological , and physical work . Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building . The services the lab conducts include Chemistry , Combined DNA Index System -LRB- CODIS -RRB- , Computer Analysis and Response , DNA Analysis , Evidence Response , Explosives , Firearms and Tool marks , Forensic Audio , Forensic Video , Image Analysis , Forensic Science Research , Forensic Science Training , Hazardous Materials Response , Investigative and Prospective Graphics , Latent Prints , Materials Analysis , Questioned Documents , Racketeering Records , Special Photographic Analysis , Structural Design , and Trace Evidence . The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state , local , and international agencies free of charge .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a second",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c2a5eec8fbc190045bcf2_s",
              "question": "When did the FBI lab first appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the FBI lab first appear?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17852_s",
          "context": ". , during which the dynasty reached the zenith of its social , economic and military power . , on his deathbed , hastily appointed four senior cabinet ministers to govern on behalf of his young son . The four ministers -- Sonin , Suksaha , and Oboi -- were chosen for their long service , but also to counteract each other 's influences . Most important , the four were not closely related to the imperial family and laid no claim to the throne . However , as time passed , through chance and machination , Oboi , the most junior of the four , achieved such political dominance as to be a potential threat . Even though Oboi 's loyalty was never an issue , his personal arrogance and political conservatism led him into an escalating conflict with the young emperor . , through trickery , disarmed and imprisoned Oboi -- a significant victory for a fifteen-year-old emperor over a wily politician and experienced commander .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oboi",
            "shunzhi emperor",
            "dorgon",
            "kangxi emperor",
            "ebilun"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731350da5e9cc1400cdbce5_s",
              "question": "Who ruled when Kangxi was young?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oboi",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ruled while Kangxi was young?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1491_s",
          "context": "Indonesia : The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22 . The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to `` security worries '' , at the request of the Chinese embassy , and the torch was instead carried round the city main 's stadium . Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium , and were dispersed by the police . The event was held in the streets around the city main 's stadium . The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy . Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium . Protests took place outside the stadium .",
          "c_entity": [
            "islamabad",
            "jakarta",
            "indonesia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db36f7e7c41114004b4f59_s",
              "question": "Where does the torch relay start in Indonesia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jakarta",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the torch relay begin in Indonesia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7638_s",
          "context": "Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that \"we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "bruce voeller"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ffeaab654c5140001f71c_s",
              "question": "Who was the number one figure in the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bruce Voeller",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3924_s",
          "context": ", in the book published on the occasion of the Institute 's centenary celebration in 1934 , Harry Barnes , FRIBA , Chairman of the Registration Committee , mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association , least of all the RIBA , given the way ARCUK was constituted . Barnes commented that the Act 's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession , and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the -LRB- then -RRB- architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931",
            "1934"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d63_s",
              "question": "When will the Royal College celebrate its 100th anniversary?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1934",
                  "answer_start": 85
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16972_s",
          "context": "On 20 October 1944 the U.S. Sixth Army , supported by naval and air bombardment . The U.S. Sixth Army continued its advance from the east , as the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the Ormoc Bay area on the western side of the island . While the Sixth Army was reinforced successfully , the U.S. Fifth Air Force was able to devastate the Japanese attempts to resupply . In torrential rains and over difficult terrain . On 7 December U.S. Army units landed at Ormoc Bay and , after a major land and air battle . , the U.S. Army was in control .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ormoc bay",
            "mindanao",
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            "samar"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323c0ce99e3014001e65bd_s",
              "question": "Where are the Japanese reinforcements on the west side of Wright?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ormoc Bay area",
                  "answer_start": 185
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Japanese rush reinforcments to on the western side of Leyte?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-21_s",
          "context": "One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team , the Notre Dame Fighting Irish . Under Rockne , the Irish would post a record of 105 wins , 12 losses , and five ties . , had five undefeated seasons , won the Rose Bowl in 1925 , and produced players such as George Gipp and the `` Four Horsemen '' . Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage -LRB- .881 -RRB- in NCAA Division I/FBS football history . Rockne 's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7 -- 2 -- 2 scheme .",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 14, 1930",
            "1925",
            "1918",
            "13 years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573387acd058e614000b5cb5_s",
              "question": "When did the team win the rose cup under Knut rocone?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1925",
                  "answer_start": 259
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the team lead by Knute Rockne win the Rose Bowl?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15516_s",
          "context": "While still a student , he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department . He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release , the 26-minute , 35 mm , Amblin ' , which he wrote and directed . Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film , which had won a number of awards , and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract . It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio. : 548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "universal studios",
            "sidney sheinberg",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e877adfa6aa1500f8d0ba_s",
              "question": "Who provided Spielberg with the Universal Studios contract?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sidney Sheinberg",
                  "answer_start": 284
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13350_s",
          "context": "Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions , `` men , women , and children wept and wailed in the streets '' after hearing of his death . The general Arab reaction was one of mourning , with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world . Over a dozen people were killed in Beirut as a result of the chaos , and in Jerusalem , roughly 75,000 Arabs marched through the Old City chanting . '' As a testament to his unchallenged leadership of the Arab people , following his death , `` One hundred million human beings -- the Arabs -- are orphans . '' Sherif Hetata . The world will never again see five million people crying together . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "asu",
            "nasser",
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            "le jour",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57283627ff5b5019007d9f30_s",
              "question": "Who said, \"no more five million people in the world cry together?\"",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sherif Hetata",
                  "answer_start": 605
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said, \"The world will never again see five million people crying together?\""
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17982_s",
          "context": "The new government drafted and implemented a constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary system . In 1936 , the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded . Continued instability due to remaining British influence and increasing political involvement by the king led to the dissolution of the parliament in a military coup d'état known as the 1952 Revolution . The Free Officers Movement forced King Farouk to abdicate in support of his son Fuad . British military presence in Egypt lasted until 1954 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "fuad",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731596ee6313a140071ce61_s",
              "question": "Who follows King Farouk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "his son Fuad",
                  "answer_start": 428
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded King Farouk?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8369_s",
          "context": ". Under the Seleucids . In 247 BC , Andragoras , the Seleucid governor of Parthia , proclaimed his independence and began minting coins showing himself wearing a royal diadem and claiming kingship . , the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia . Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I -LRB- 168 -- 165 BCE -RRB- , that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "alexander"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e38bec44d21400f3d70d_s",
              "question": "Who killed andragoras?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arsaces",
                  "answer_start": 251
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who killed Andragoras?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18516_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life , and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948 . He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in expressing his passion for the game ; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them better against snow on the ground . He had a small , basic golf facility installed at Camp David , and became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman Clifford Roberts , inviting Roberts to stay at the White House on several occasions . Roberts , an investment broker , also handled the Eisenhower family 's investments . Roberts also advised Eisenhower on tax aspects of publishing his memoirs , which proved financially lucrative .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1948",
            "winter"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573244c1e17f3d14004227a3_s",
              "question": "When did Eisenhower join the Augusta National team?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1948",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18330_s",
          "context": "They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1640s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324d6d0fdd8d15006c6938_s",
              "question": "When did the Separatists become strong in Puritanism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 1640s",
                  "answer_start": 465
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17873_s",
          "context": "Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus . , these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration . Their aim was to adopt western military technology in order to preserve Confucian values . , who put the dynasty back on its feet financially and instituted the Self-Strengthening Movement . The reformers then proceeded with institutional reforms , including China 's first unified ministry of foreign affairs ; allowing foreign diplomats to reside in the capital ; the formation of modernized armies , as well as a navy ; and the purchase from Europeans of armament factories .",
          "c_entity": [
            "li hongzhang",
            "tongzhi emperor",
            "zuo zongtang",
            "imperial maritime customs service",
            "zongli yamen",
            "prince gong",
            "zeng guofan",
            "beiyang army"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731486605b4da19006bcfbc_s",
              "question": "Who gave up the rebellion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zuo Zongtang",
                  "answer_start": 39
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who put down the rebellions?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-735_s",
          "context": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird . Lee continued to respond to her work 's impact until her death in February 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "february 2016",
            "july 14, 2015",
            "1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce3363aab44d1400b88565_s",
              "question": "When did Harper Lee die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 2016",
                  "answer_start": 189
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Harper Lee pass away?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6431_s",
          "context": "India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne , 260-metre-long -LRB- 850 ft -RRB- Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009 . The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautical miles -LRB- 15,000 kilometres -RRB- , carrying 160 officers , 1,400 sailors , and 30 aircraft . The carrier is being constructed by Cochin Shipyard . The ship was launched in August 2013 and is scheduled for commissioning in 2018 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hal dhruv",
            "hal tejas",
            "cochin shipyard"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ac3de6d058f19001830d5_s",
              "question": "Who is building an Indian ship?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cochin Shipyard",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is constructing the Indian-made ship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5467_s",
          "context": "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population , few blacks have been elected as politicians . The city of Salvador , Bahia , for instance , is 80 % people of color , but voters have not elected a mayor of color . Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities , such as Detroit and New Orleans , have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement , when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1965",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c1_s",
              "question": "When did the U.S. government introduce the voting rights act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1965",
                  "answer_start": 464
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15066_s",
          "context": "Guam -LRB- i/ˈɡwɑːm / or / ˈɡwɒm / ; Chamorro : Guåhån . Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean , Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government . In 2015 , 161,785 people resided on Guam . Guamanians are American citizens by birth . Guam has an area of 544 km2 -LRB- 210 sq mi -RRB- and a density of 297/km ² -LRB- 770/sq mi -RRB- . Among its municipalities , Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425 / km ² -LRB- 3,691 / sq mi -RRB- , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km ² -LRB- 119/sq mi -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mariana",
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            "islands"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a9bb9be1ee31400cb80ba_s",
              "question": "Where is Guam?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "northwestern Pacific Ocean",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the island of Guan located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16261_s",
          "context": "The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army . Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army , notably the Allied Forces , yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War . Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war , including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army , the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards , and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg . Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok . The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast . , Kronstadt Uprising , Tambov Rebellion , Basmachi Revolt , and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1923",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f766d04bcaa1900d769ad_s",
              "question": "When did the large-scale military operation end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 October 1922",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the major military operation end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8794_s",
          "context": "Between 1847 and 1850 , the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings . As a result , many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere . The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon , and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear . It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons , designed by Robert Jones .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard westmacott",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725e762271a42140099d301_s",
              "question": "Who designed the chimney in the Yellow living room?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Jones",
                  "answer_start": 428
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5040_s",
          "context": "Since 1972 . These recommendations , however , did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users . The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT .709 . , an alliance of broadcasters , consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies . The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI .",
          "c_entity": [
            "international telecommunication union",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who is standardizing HDTV specifications?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ETSI",
                  "answer_start": 390
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who standardizes HDTV specifications?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12346_s",
          "context": "Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared . At that time BYU Professor Ellis Rasmussen and his associates were asked by the LDS Church to begin preparation for a new edition of the Holy Scriptures . One aspect of that effort entailed digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes , another aspect required establishing the most dependable text . To that latter end , Stanley R. Larson -LRB- a Rasmussen graduate student -RRB- set about applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts and early editions of the Book of Mormon as his thesis project -- which he completed in 1974 . To that end , and compared them with the 1st , 2nd , and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original . Larson proceeded to publish a useful set of well-argued articles on the phenomena which he had discovered .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When did Larson finish his project?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 611
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Larson finish his project?"
            }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7049_s",
          "context": "In 1214 John began his final campaign to reclaim Normandy from Philip. John was optimistic, as he had successfully built up alliances with the Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders; he was enjoying papal favour; and he had successfully built up substantial funds to pay for the deployment of his experienced army. Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in February 1214, many barons refused to provide military service; mercenary knights had to fill the gaps. John's plan was to split Philip's forces by pushing north-east from Poitou towards Paris, whilst Otto, Renaud and Ferdinand, supported by William Longespée, marched south-west from Flanders.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5c99fed7b91900d4592d_s",
              "question": "When did John go to poto?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "February 1214",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John leave for Poitou?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2648_s",
          "context": "A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.",
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            "1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfecfb231d4119001abea6_s",
              "question": "When was pepsin invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1991",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the term gastropub invented?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4428_s",
          "context": "On 7 April 1963 , the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression . Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas . In Chile , two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country . , Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant `` not taking sides '' .",
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              "question": "Who says that neutrality does not mean passivity, but \"non partiality\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Tito",
                  "answer_start": 225
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said that neutralism did not imply passivity but mean \"not taking sides\"?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9066_s",
          "context": "In a study published in the Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, and reported on in early May 2014, researchers from the University of Portsmouth in the UK discussed findings from examining the illegal downloading behavior of 6,000 Finnish people, aged seven to 84. The list of reasons for downloading given by the study respondents included money saving; the ability to access material not on general release, or before it was released; and assisting artists to avoid involvement with record companies and movie studios.",
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              "question": "Who conducted a study in early May 2014?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "University of Portsmouth",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What researchers conducted a study in the early part of May 2014?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12039_s",
          "context": ", North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution . In 1840 , it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh . Most of North Carolina 's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state . Although North Carolina 's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia , Georgia , or South Carolina , significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton , as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh , Charlotte , and Durham in the Piedmont . Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio-economic power in antebellum North Carolina , which was a slave society . They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave-holding `` yeoman '' farmers of western North Carolina . In mid-century , the state 's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129-mile -LRB- 208 km -RRB- wooden plank road , known as a `` farmer 's railroad '' , from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania -LRB- northwest of Winston-Salem -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When was the North Carolina Capitol built?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1840",
                  "answer_start": 74
                }
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              "original_question": "What year was the state capitol building of North Carolina completed?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17587_s",
          "context": "In 1839 Mariano Spada -LRB- 1796 - 1872 -RRB- , the Angelic Doctor , regarding original sin with respect to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary -RSB- .",
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              "question": "Who is the teacher of crime?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Mariano Spada",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the teacher who committed the act  ?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16976_s",
          "context": "From early 1944 until the days leading up to the invasion, Kuribayashi transformed the island into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and 11 mi (18 km) of underground tunnels. The heavy American naval and air bombardment did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. Their pillboxes and bunkers were all connected so that if one was knocked out, it could be reoccupied again. The network of bunkers and pillboxes greatly favored the defender.",
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              "question": "Who turned the island into a fortress?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Kuribayashi",
                  "answer_start": 59
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              "original_question": "Who transformed the island into a fortress?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6235_s",
          "context": "The Federation of International Gymnastics -LRB- FIG -RRB- was founded in Liege in 1881 . By the end of the nineteenth century , men 's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first `` modern '' Olympic Games in 1896 . From then on until the early 1950s , both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric , gymnastics , that would seem strange to today 's audiences and that included for example , synchronized team floor calisthenics , rope climbing , high jumping , running , and horizontal ladder . During the 1920s , women organized and participated in gymnastics events . The first women 's Olympic competition was primitive , only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field . These games were held in 1928 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "Where was fig established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Liege",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the FIG founded?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2604_s",
          "context": ", most notably in Carlisle . , both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed , and there were differences between parishes , a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries . Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially `` dry '' on Sundays -LRB- although often this merely required knocking at the back door of the pub -RRB- .",
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              "question": "When do bars in Scotland and Wales often \"dry up\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sundays",
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                }
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              "original_question": "On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-463_s",
          "context": "A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess , penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa , was first released on February 8 , 2016 . While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based , it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake .",
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              "question": "Who created and delivered art for the Twilight Princess comic series?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akira Himekawa",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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          "context": "The U.S. framed the war as part of its policy of containment of Communism in south Asia , but American forces were frustrated by an inability to engage the enemy in decisive battles , corruption and incompetence in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam , and ever increasing protests at home . The Tet Offensive in 1968 , although a major military defeat for the NLF with half their forces eliminated , marked the psychological turning point in the war . With President Richard M. Nixon opposed to containment and more interested in achieving détente with both the Soviet Union and China , American policy shifted to `` Vietnamization , '' -- providing very large supplies of arms and letting the Vietnamese fight it out themselves . After more than 57,000 dead and many more wounded .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "570b56c06b8089140040f89e_s",
              "question": "When did the attack take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1968",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did this offensive take place? "
            }
          ]
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    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11058_s",
          "context": "Raleigh -LRB- / ˈrɑːli / ; RAH-lee -RRB- is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States . It is the second most populous city in North Carolina , after Charlotte . Raleigh is known as the `` City of Oaks '' for its many oak trees , which line the streets in the heart of the city . The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles -LRB- 370 km2 -RRB- . , 2014 . It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country . The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726ab455951b619008f7987_s",
              "question": "Who is his name?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir Walter Raleigh",
                  "answer_start": 515
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who is it named after?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1295_s",
          "context": "This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event , which raised more than $ 76 million in corporate and viewer donations . No contestant was eliminated that week . Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three .",
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              "question": "Who was eliminated from the top three?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Melinda Doolittle",
                  "answer_start": 181
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              "original_question": "Who was eliminated on the Top 3 show?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12950_s",
          "context": ". There are three active major sports venues within the city : Comerica Park -LRB- home of the Major League Baseball team Detroit Tigers -RRB- , Ford Field -LRB- home of the NFL 's Detroit Lions -RRB- , and Joe Louis Arena -LRB- home of the NHL 's Detroit Red Wings -RRB- .",
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              "question": "Where do tigers play?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Where do the Tigers play?"
            }
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    {
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        {
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          "context": "Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels . When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies , the pope walked towards him and exclaimed , `` as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned , I am totally in favour . '' He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967 , the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians , overcoming all linguistic difficulties , according to Christian tradition .",
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              "question": "Who asked Paul VI for permission to work with Protestants to translate the Bible?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cardinal Augustin Bea",
                  "answer_start": 98
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9098_s",
          "context": "Greece has one of the longest histories of any country , and is considered the cradle of Western civilization , and as such , is the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , the Olympic Games , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , and Western drama , including both tragedy and comedy . Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC . , spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River . Annexed by Rome in the second century BC , Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire . The first century AD saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church . Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century , the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following the war of independence . , among the most in Europe and the world .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first to unite Greece as a whole?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philip of Macedon",
                  "answer_start": 392
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3703_s",
          "context": "It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.",
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            {
              "id": "56e8e01299e8941900975eec_s",
              "question": "Who held a grand funeral in the monastery in 1658?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oliver Cromwell",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17843_s",
          "context": ", against fiscal collapse , and against a series of peasant rebellions . They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor . In April 1644 , a former minor Ming official , who established a short-lived Shun dynasty . The last Ming ruler , the Chongzhen Emperor , committed suicide when the city fell , marking the official end of the dynasty .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57312bb0497a881900248c00_s",
              "question": "Who was the last leader of the Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chongzhen Emperor",
                  "answer_start": 296
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Ming leader?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15020_s",
          "context": ", Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld , a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71 % of the vote . Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $ 6.9 million at Kerry 's Beacon Hill townhouse . Both candidates spent more than the cap , with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement . During the campaign . Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld 's 45 percent .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ac0e134ae481900deacab_s",
              "question": "When will Wilder be re elected governor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1994",
                  "answer_start": 134
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Weld re-elected governor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12749_s",
          "context": "Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper , brass or bronze , slightly warmed , into a vat of fermenting wine , leaving it there for several weeks , and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal . The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny . It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii , and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD . It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate , but it had drawbacks ; it was unstable , it could not resist dampness , it did not mix well with other colors , it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact. , and it was toxic . , in his treatise on painting , warned artists not to use it . It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries . Its use largely ended in the late 19th century , when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green . Viridian , also called chrome green , is a pigment made with chromium oxide dihydrate , was patented in 1859 . It became popular with painters , since , unlike other synthetic greens , it was stable and not toxic . , along with Prussian blue , to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Cafe terrace at night .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57296ac9af94a219006aa3d6_s",
              "question": "Who described the process of producing green in ancient times?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pliny",
                  "answer_start": 305
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11155_s",
          "context": "France used the right moment and occupied Alger in 1830 . , who was the most powerful vassal of the Ottoman Empire , claimed independence . Ottoman forces were defeated in a number of battles , and Egyptians were ready to capture Constantinople , which forced the sultan Mahmud II to seek for Russian military aid . , thus the possible disappearance of the Ottoman Empire was prevented .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1833",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bbb8dd62a815002e8e9c_s",
              "question": "When did France move to Algiers?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1830",
                  "answer_start": 51
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did France move into Alger?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18585_s",
          "context": "Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point . Eisenhower stated that he `` gave -LSB- himself -RSB- an order '' to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia . He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office . , while vacationing in Colorado , during which time Nixon , Dulles , and Sherman Adams assumed administrative duties and provided communication with the President . He was treated by Dr. Paul Dudley White , a cardiologist with a national reputation , who regularly informed the press of the President 's progress .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 1949",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573280c306a3a419008aca9b_s",
              "question": "When did Eisenhower quit smoking?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1949",
                  "answer_start": 141
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-35_s",
          "context": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon . , including higher-level mathematics courses . , housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science , includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study -- biology , chemistry , mathematics , physics , pre-professional studies , and applied and computational mathematics and statistics -LRB- ACMS -RRB- -- each awarding Bachelor of Science -LRB- B.S. -RRB- degrees . According to university statistics , its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "six years",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a4c54776f41900660f2e_s",
              "question": "When was Notre Dame Academy of Sciences founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1865",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Notre Dame College of Science formed?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11262_s",
          "context": ", he is considered a national icon , and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived . A monument was erected outside the Bukhara museum -LSB- year needed -RSB- . His portrait hangs in the Hall of the Avicenna Faculty of Medicine in the University of Paris . There is also a crater on the Moon named Avicenna and a plant genus Avicennia .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tehran",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f847f1498d1400e8f15d_s",
              "question": "Where is the memorial to avicena?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Bukhara museum",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is a monument located that honors Avicenna?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2174_s",
          "context": "Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue , with profound effect on the architectural profession . Many developers , those who support the financing of buildings , have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design , rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost . Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design , greener roof designs , biodegradable materials , and more attention to a structure 's energy usage . This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment . Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright . There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles . Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brenda",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e4ceac8c00841900fbaff7_s",
              "question": "Who was the first person to make the building environment friendly?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Frank Lloyd Wright",
                  "answer_start": 656
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1722_s",
          "context": "Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dc7e6714d3a41400c26923_s",
              "question": "When was the last time Scotland rejected this special school model?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 370
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18734_s",
          "context": "Not a lot of empirical work on the practices of inter/transnational information and intelligence sharing has been undertaken . , which provides a systematic content analysis of information exchange files and a description of how these transnational information and intelligence exchanges are transformed into police case-work . By 1992 , with the signing of the Schengen Treaty , which formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union , there were worries that much , if not all , of this intelligence sharing was opaque , raising questions about the efficacy of the accountability mechanisms governing police information sharing in Europe -LRB- Joubert and Bevers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732b7fbcc179a14009dac2b_s",
              "question": "When was the Schengen treaty signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Schengen Treaty signed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2246_s",
          "context": "Television transmissions resumed from Alexandra Palace in 1946 . The BBC Television Service -LRB- renamed `` BBC tv '' in 1960 -RRB- showed popular programming , including drama , comedies , documentaries , game shows , and soap operas , covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week . The channel also introduced the science fiction show Doctor Who on 23 November 1963 - at 17:16 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b975_s",
              "question": "Where did the BBC broadcast after World War II?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alexandra Palace",
                  "answer_start": 38
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the BBC broadcast from following World War II?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8265_s",
          "context": "In July 2006 . On 6 September 2007 . In May 2008 , Israel confirmed it had been discussing a peace treaty with Syria for a year , with Turkey as a go-between . However , at the end of the year , Israel entered another conflict as a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel collapsed . The Gaza War lasted three weeks and ended after Israel announced a unilateral ceasefire . Hamas announced its own ceasefire , with its own conditions of complete withdrawal and opening of border crossings . Despite neither the rocket launchings nor Israeli retaliatory strikes having completely stopped , the fragile ceasefire remained in order . In what Israel described as a response to more than a hundred Palestinian rocket attacks on southern Israeli cities , Israel began an operation in Gaza on 14 November 2012 , lasting eight days . Israel started another operation in Gaza following an escalation of rocket attacks by Hamas in July 2014 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bdd9271a42140099d10a_s",
              "question": "Who announced their own ceasefire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hamas",
                  "answer_start": 250
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who announced its own ceasefire? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1302_s",
          "context": ". David Cook was announced the winner on May 21 , 2008 , the first rocker to win the show .",
          "c_entity": [
            "david cook",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d3788a59d6e414001464aa_s",
              "question": "Who won American Idol Season 7?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "David Cook",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won season seven of American Idol?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18834_s",
          "context": "On 16 March 1934 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act , which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen . They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- In addition to waterfowl , it is estimated that one third of the nation 's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "us postal service",
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            {
              "id": "573517e0879d6814001cab21_s",
              "question": "Who signed the migratory bird catching act?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17373_s",
          "context": ", they retain importance when dealing with their products , as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments . Also , though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems , Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730609f396df919000960bf_s",
              "question": "When were the early methods of translation still related to historians?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "when historians view ancient or medieval records",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7317_s",
          "context": "During the Cold War , American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam . , when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting , removing their possible veto . Under a United Nations umbrella , hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea , and later , to invade the northern nation . After repeated advances and retreats by both sides , and the PRC People 's Volunteer Army 's entry into the war , the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d7ed6b3d812140066da08_s",
              "question": "When did the Korean war end?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1953",
                  "answer_start": 559
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the Korean war end?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9865_s",
          "context": "No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I , during the last decades of the 16th century . In 1562 . This effort was rebuffed and later , as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified , Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic , laden with treasure from the New World . At the same time . By this time , Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean , Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China , and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area , later to become New France .",
          "c_entity": [
            "elizabeth",
            "protestant reformation",
            "john dee",
            "john hawkins",
            "richard hakluyt",
            "francis drake"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266351708984140094c480_s",
              "question": "Who wishes for further raids on Spanish ports?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth I",
                  "answer_start": 111
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who gave their blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18281_s",
          "context": ". Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas , -LSB- i -RSB- , -LSB- k -RSB- as well as other smaller territories . Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjacent regions , Huldrych Zwingli , and John Knox . In 1534 ; this opened the door to reformational ideas , notably during the following reign of Edward VI , through Thomas Cranmer , Richard Hooker , Matthew Parker and other theologians . -- a response to perceived corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Reformation led by Luther and various other reformers -- which gave rise to Anabaptist , Moravian , and other Pietistic movements . In later centuries , Protestants developed their own culture , which made major contributions in education , the humanities and sciences , the political and social order , the economy and the arts , and other fields .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "hungary",
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            "finland",
            "france",
            "aragon",
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            "denmark",
            "germany",
            "switzerland",
            "sweden",
            "norway",
            "prussia",
            "latvia",
            "netherlands"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b919e17f3d140042232f_s",
              "question": "Where did Lutheranism begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Germany",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Lutheranism begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17691_s",
          "context": "During the early 2000s , such as the missteps on the KC-X program . Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents `` failures of intellect and -- much more importantly -- ethics . '' As a result , bombers , airborne tankers , and airborne warning aircraft , in an age of restrictive defense budgets . Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal , the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "usaf",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730e932b7151e1900c015c3_s",
              "question": "Who wrote about these aircraft procurement projects as intellectual and moral failures?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Winslow Wheeler",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1068_s",
          "context": ". Once it was West 's turn to speak again , he said , `` George Bush does n't care about black people . '' At this point , who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds . Still , West 's comment reached much of the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chris tucker",
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            "rick kaplan"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d123f217492d1400aaba4f_s",
              "question": "Who told Kanye West he didn't care about black people?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "George Bush",
                  "answer_start": 57
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18649_s",
          "context": ". They are set in the heart of the Bronx , showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor . In the 1979 film The Warriors , the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx , and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn . , Tremont , and `` Gunhill '' -LRB- a play off the name Gun Hill Road -RRB- . This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning . The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team , led by manager Billy Martin , catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson , as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time , such as the blackout , the city 's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy , the arson for insurance payments , and the election of Ed Koch as mayor .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
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            "2007",
            "2005",
            "1974",
            "1979"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c8b0fdd8d15006c6ac1_s",
              "question": "When was the movie the warrior published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1979",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'The Warriors' movie released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3930_s",
          "context": "The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1966"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4a_s",
              "question": "When did RIBA's first satellite office open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18240_s",
          "context": "^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: \"Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own faith and judgment; nor shall he ever be obliged to pay tithes, taxes, or any other rate, for the building or repairing any place of worship, or for the maintenance of any minister or ministry, contrary to what he believes to be right, or hath voluntarily engaged to do. No one religious society shall ever be established in this state, in preference to another; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of any civil right merely on account of his religious principles.\"",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731b46ee99e3014001e61e7_s",
              "question": "When was the constitution of Georgia amended and Article 4, paragraph 10, added?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1789",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Georgia Constitution amended to add Article IV, Section 10?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1314_s",
          "context": "Season ten of the series premiered on January 19 , 2011 . Many changes were introduced this season , from the format to the personnel of the show . Jimmy Iovine , the new partner of American Idol , acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "randy jackson",
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            "lady gaga",
            "simon cowell",
            "steven tyler",
            "jimmy iovine",
            "beyoncé",
            "kara dioguardi",
            "interscope geffen a&m",
            "ellen degeneres",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37ccd59d6e4140014650b_s",
              "question": "Who will replace mentor weekly as a permanent mentor in the 10th season of American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jimmy Iovine",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season? "
            }
          ]
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      ]
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          "context": "In the spring of 1834 , Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller , and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn . After the festival , the three visited Düsseldorf , where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director . They spent what Mendelssohn described as `` a very agreeable day '' , playing and discussing music at his piano , and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow , director of the Academy of Art , and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing , Bendemann , Hildebrandt and Sohn . , where he spent time with his parents ; it was the last time he would see them . , the Wodzińskis . , when she was eleven . The sixteen-year-old girl 's portrait of the composer is considered , along with Delacroix 's , as among Chopin 's best likenesses . , where he met Schumann , Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn , who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul , and who considered him `` a perfect musician '' . , and in September he proposed to Maria , whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle . , where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade . At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs , and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor , Op. 27 , No. 1 . The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her .",
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          "context": "During the 19th century , including Charles Baudelaire , Stéphane Mallarmé , Alfred de Musset , Marcel Proust , Émile Zola , Alexandre Dumas , Gustave Flaubert , Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac . Another of Victor Hugo 's works , Les Misérables , described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s . One of the most popular of all French writers , Jules Verne , worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange , while he did research for his stories at the National Library .",
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          "context": "According to the traditional narrative , several companions of Muhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing down the revelations . Shortly after Muhammad 's death , the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it . , which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today . There are , however , variant readings , with mostly minor differences in meaning .",
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          "context": "An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality , sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire 's project `` The Ghost in the MP3 '' isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression . , he released the track `` moDernisT '' -LRB- an anagram of `` Tom 's Diner '' -RRB- , composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song `` Tom 's Diner '' , the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard . A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression , along with the conceptual motivation for the project , was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference .",
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          "context": "In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality . Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana : Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics , which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex , condemned homosexuality , and forbade masturbation . It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte , in an interview published by the magazine Tempo , to accuse Montini of hypocrisy , and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor . According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society . Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books , but the interview -LRB- previously published in a French gay magazine -RRB- brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar . In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18 , Montini called the charges `` horrible and slanderous insinuations '' and appealed for prayers on his behalf . Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in `` a day of consolation '' .",
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          "context": ", asking his help for finishing the album 's production . Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced `` Holiday '' , which was her third single and her first global hit . The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco , using some of the new technology of the time . The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later , in 1984 . It yielded two more hit singles , `` Borderline '' and `` Lucky Star '' .",
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          "context": ". The knight reached the summit of Rocciamelone where he left a bronze triptych of three crosses , a feat which he conducted with the use of ladders to traverse the ice . In 1492 Antoine de Ville climbed Mont Aiguille , without reaching the summit , an experience he described as `` horrifying and terrifying . '' Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by variations of light in the higher altitudes , and climbed a mountain -- scholars are uncertain which one ; some believe it may have been Monte Rosa . From his description of a `` blue like that of a gentian '' sky it is thought that he reached a significantly high altitude .",
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              "question": "When did Antioch de vill climb the Iquire mountains?",
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          "context": ". He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis . However , only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se , as well as to raise , fund and maintain the armed forces . Congress also has the duty and authority to prescribe the laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate .",
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          "context": ". The style chosen was of a large , three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings . Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham 's descendant , Sir Charles Sheffield . Sheffield 's leasehold on the mulberry garden site , the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family , was due to expire in 1774 .",
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          "context": "Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years , and began to be classified in the 18th century . , and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions . David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented . ; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals .",
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          "context": "Satyagraha , an opera by Philip Glass , sung in Sanskrit . The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad . , and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light , which won a Grammy , is the ashtanga vinyasa yoga chant . The lyrics include the mantra Om shanti . : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace . The theme song of Battlestar Galactica 2004 is the Gayatri Mantra , taken from the Rigveda . The lyrics of `` The Child In Us '' by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses . -LSB- better source needed -RSB- .",
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              "question": "Who wrote an opera in Sanskrit?",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote an opera in Sanskrit?"
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          "context": "Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28 , 2011 in the US . 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart . The album was preceded by two of its singles `` Run the World -LRB- Girls -RRB- '' and `` Best Thing I Never Had '' , which both attained moderate success . The fourth single `` Love on Top '' was a commercial success in the US . 4 also produced four other singles ; `` Party '' , `` Countdown '' , `` I Care '' and `` End of Time '' . `` Eat , Play , Love '' , won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists . In late 2011 , she took the stage at New York 's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances .",
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          "context": "The fourteenth season premiered on January 7 , 2015 . Ryan Seacrest returned to host , Jr. returned for their respective fourth , third and second seasons as judges .",
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          "context": "From Elizabeth 's birth onwards , the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations . By the time of her accession in 1952 , her role as head of multiple independent states was already established . , visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land , sea and air . She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations . During the tour , crowds were immense . Throughout her reign , the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth ; she is the most widely travelled head of state .",
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          "context": "Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace . Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a `` lonely girl who was searching for something . I was n't rebellious in a certain way . I cared about being good at something . I did n't shave my underarms and I did n't wear make-up like normal girls do . But I studied and I got good grades ... . I wanted to be somebody . '' , Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him .",
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          "context": ", in the Caribbean in particular , Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement . , for example , William Knibb , a prominent British Baptist missionary . Knibb also protagonised the creation of `` Free Villages '' ; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land . Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves ; for example , was formed by Baptist missionaries . At the same time , during and after slavery , slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression .",
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              "question": "Where did Baptist missionaries play an active role in the anti slavery movement?",
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          "context": ". As the seat of government , the term `` Planalto '' is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government . The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palácio do Planalto . The President and his or her family do not live in it , rather in the official residence , the Palácio da Alvorada . Besides the President , senior advisors also have offices in the `` Planalto . The other Ministries are along the Esplanada dos Ministérios . The architect of the Palácio do Planalto was Oscar Niemeyer . The idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose the columns and exterior structures . The Palace is four stories high , and has an area of 36,000 m2 . Four other adjacent buildings are also part of the complex .",
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          "context": "In September 1828 Chopin , while still a student , visited Berlin with a family friend , zoologist Feliks Jarocki . On an 1829 return trip to Berlin -- himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist . , he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano , Op. 3 .",
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          "context": "When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again , the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan -LRB- 1582 -- 1655 -RRB- . Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector , and from 1637 , but also resettled his entire tribe into Amdo . , which Güshi Khan agreed upon , enlisting the aid of Gelug monks and supporters . In 1642 , the Ü-Tsang forces surrendered . Güshi Khan then captured and summarily executed Karma Tenkyong , the ruler of Ü-Tsang , King of Tibet .",
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              "original_question": "Where did Güshi Khan resettle his tribe?"
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          "context": "An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008 . It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team , the Steve Goodman song mentioned above , and a newly recorded rendition of `` Talkin ' Baseball '' -LRB- subtitled `` Baseball and the Cubs '' -RRB- by Terry Cashman .",
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          "context": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery . , son of King João I , became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour . During this period , Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean , discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores , Madeira , and Cape Verde , explored the African coast , colonized selected areas of Africa , discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope , discovered Brazil , explored the Indian Ocean , established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia , and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan .",
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          "context": "That year , Queen began The Works Tour , the first tour to feature keyboardist Spike Edney as an extra live musician . , South Africa . , they were the subject of outrage , having played in South Africa during the height of apartheid and in violation of worldwide divestment efforts and a United Nations cultural boycott . The band responded to the critics by stating that they were playing music for fans in South Africa , and they also stressed that the concerts were played before integrated audiences . Queen donated to a school for the deaf and blind as a philanthropic gesture but were fined by the British Musicians ' Union and placed on the United Nations ' blacklisted artists .",
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          "context": ". This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria . Though others had taken up this idea , their research was short lived and inconclusive . Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively , that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations . But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur 's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research . In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master 's degree accompanied the research program . In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department , but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics .",
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              "question": "When was the Lombard Institute incorporated into the Department of biology of Notre Dame?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1958",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year?"
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          "context": "Another group of residences , known as the Village , is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus . Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars , The Village , and all fraternity houses except the Zeta Beta Tau house . Sororities at Washington University do not have houses by their own accord . The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24 , known as BLOCs , to live together in clustered suites along with non-BLOCs . Like the South 40 , the residences around the Village also surround a recreational lawn .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where is the village of the University of Washington?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the northwest corner of Danforth Campus",
                  "answer_start": 67
                }
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              "original_question": "Where is the Village located at Washington University?"
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          "context": "Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal , mixing glam-rock with heavy metal . The follow-up Pyromania -LRB- 1983 -RRB- , reached number two on the American charts and the singles `` Photograph '' , `` Rock of Ages '' and `` Foolin ' '' , helped by the emergence of MTV , all reached the Top 40 . It was widely emulated , particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene . This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe , as the style grew , the arrival of bands such as Ratt , White Lion , Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot . Quiet Riot 's album Metal Health -LRB- 1983 -RRB- was the first glam metal album , and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind , to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b69c1ec8fbc190045ba04_s",
              "question": "When did motley Crewe's \"roar the devil\" show up?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out?"
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          "context": "At the homestead , Bell set up his own workshop in the converted carriage house near to what he called his `` dreaming place '' , a large hollow nestled in trees at the back of the property above the river . , Bell found the climate and environs to his liking , and rapidly improved . -LSB- N 10 -RSB- He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga , he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols . For his work , Bell was awarded the title of Honorary Chief and participated in a ceremony where he donned a Mohawk headdress and danced traditional dances . -LSB- N 11 -RSB-",
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            {
              "id": "56df836e5ca0a614008f9bef_s",
              "question": "Where is the six countries reserve?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Onondaga",
                  "answer_start": 427
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the Six Nations Reserve located?"
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          "context": ". Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation , including the Indian Appropriations Act -LRB- 1851 -RRB- , the Dawes Act -LRB- 1887 -RRB- , and the Indian Reorganization Act -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , seven Indian reservations , encompassing eleven tribal nations . A twelfth nation , the Little Shell Chippewa is a `` landless '' people headquartered in Great Falls . , Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation -LRB- 1851 -RRB- in Crow Agency , and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy 's Indian Reservation -LRB- 1916 -RRB- near Box Elder . Approximately 63 % of all Native people live off the reservations . The state also has a small Métis population .",
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              "question": "Where is little shell's headquarters?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Great Falls",
                  "answer_start": 359
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered?"
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        {
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          "context": ", where the royal carriages , including the Gold State Coach , are housed . This rococo gilt coach , designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760 . Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions .",
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              "question": "Who designed the golden national coach?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sir William Chambers",
                  "answer_start": 113
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Gold State Coach?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11693_s",
          "context": "The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets , akin to -- and influenced in style by -- the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys . The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices ' small screens ; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics . The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation , Digimon Adventure , and an early video game , Digimon World . Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired , and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing , racing , fighting , and MMORPGs . Other media forms have also been released .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the Digimon series created?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1997",
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                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Digimon series created?"
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          "context": ". The city now serves as the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador , therefore the provincial legislature is located in the city . The Confederation Building , located on Confederation Hill . The city is represented by ten MHAs . Lorraine Michael .",
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              "question": "Who has been chairman of the National Democratic Party since 2006?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Lorraine Michael",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has been the leader of the NDP since 2006?"
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          "context": "The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco , a freelance copywriter . After Chieco saw a prototype , he thought of the movie 2001 : A Space Odyssey and the phrase `` Open the pod bay door ! '' , which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship . Chieco saw an analogy to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller independent pods in the relationship between a personal computer and the music player . Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use . The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998 , and commercial use began in January 2000 , but had apparently been discontinued by 2001 .",
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            {
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              "question": "Who found the name of Apple's portable MP3 player?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Vinnie Chieco",
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              "original_question": "Who came up with the name for Apple's portable mp3 player?"
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          "context": "But house was also being developed on Ibiza , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time . By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock , pop , disco and house . These clubs , fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy , began to have an influence on the British scene . By late 1987 , and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark , Heaven , Future and Spectrum .",
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              "question": "Who was the DJ for amnesia in the mid-1980s?",
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                  "text": "DJ Alfredo",
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              "original_question": "who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?"
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          "context": "The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York -LRB- Manhattan -RRB- . Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule . Kingsbridge , built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek , was a possession of Frederick Philipse , lord of Philipse Manor . The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek . , the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a `` free bridge '' across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether .",
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              "question": "When was Kingsbridge built?",
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                  "text": "1693",
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              "original_question": "When was Kingsbridge built?"
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          "context": ". Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down , starting the First Anglo-Sikh War ; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India . After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849 , the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
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              "question": "When was the second Anglo Sikh war?",
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                  "text": "1849",
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              "original_question": "When was the Second Anglo-Sikh War?"
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          "context": "The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when , in 1913 . This new , refaced principal façade -LRB- of Portland stone -RRB- was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial , a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria , placed outside the main gates . , had a more serious personality than his father ; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties . He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band -LRB- 1919 -RRB- -- the first jazz performance for a head of state , which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a -LRB- Kind of -RRB- Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom . , and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art , both restoring and adding to it . Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed , dating from 1810 , which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room , the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade . Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room . This room , 69 feet -LRB- 21 metres -RRB- long , previously known as the South Drawing Room , coffered with huge gilt console brackets .",
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              "question": "Who decorated the blue living room?",
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                  "text": "Queen Mary",
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              "original_question": "Who decorated the Blue Drawing Room?"
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          "context": ". The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina , with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed , elongated angels . The Greek inscriptions , decorative patterns , and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina . , dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ , was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel , the founder of the church .",
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              "question": "Who can be seen in the mosaic of matolana church?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Christ",
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              "original_question": "Who is featured in the mosaic at the Martorana church?"
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          "context": "The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club.",
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              "question": "When was Stella Maris College founded?",
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                  "text": "1955",
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              "original_question": "When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?"
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          "context": "During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza (\"The City of Hope\"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento (\"Capital in Movement\") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).",
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          "context": "A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death -LRB- RR 0.89 -RRB- , stroke -LRB- RR 0.63 -RRB- , coronary heart disease -LRB- RR 0.84 -RRB- , and cardiovascular events -LRB- RR 0.70 -RRB- in people with high blood pressure . In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide acceptance in combination therapy , including loop diuretics -LRB- Lasix/furosemide , 1963 -RRB- , 1964 -RRB- ACE inhibitors , and angiotensin receptor blockers . ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease -LSB- RR 0.71 -RSB- and death -LSB- RR 0.84 -RSB- in diabetic patients , irrespective of whether they have hypertension .",
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              "original_question": "Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?"
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          "context": "Citing the inability of the Joint Commission to make progress , the U.S. government decided to hold an election under United Nations auspices with the aim of creating an independent Korea . The Soviet authorities and the Korean Communists refused to co-operate on the grounds it would not be fair , and many South Korean politicians also boycotted it . A general election was held in the South on 10 May 1948 . It was marred by terrorism and sabotage resulting in 600 deaths .",
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              "question": "When was the general election held in South Korea?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "10 May 1948",
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              "original_question": "When was the South Korean general election held?"
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          "context": "The Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff , under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke . The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence , whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy , and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logistics and communications . Moltke embraced new technology , particularly the railroad and telegraph , to coordinate and accelerate mobilisation of large forces .",
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                  "text": "Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke",
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              "original_question": "Who commanded the General Staff?"
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          "context": ". , and the Minister of Aircraft Production . While the failure of night defence preparation was undeniable . While it was permissible to disagree with Dowding 's operational and tactical deployment of forces . In the pre-war period , did not make it a priority .",
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              "question": "Who was called to the air force department meeting on October 17, 1940?",
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                  "text": "Dowding",
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              "original_question": "Who was summoned to the Air Ministry conference on October 17, 1940?"
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          "context": "More detail was given in Darwin 's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication , which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis . Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance , he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population . However , inherited variation could be seen , and Darwin 's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable . This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin 's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel 's theories of genetic inheritance .",
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              "question": "When was Charles Darwin's domesticated plant and animal variation published?",
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                  "text": "1868",
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              "original_question": "When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12356_s",
          "context": ", who named his system the `` gramophone '' , distinguishing it from Edison 's wax cylinder `` phonograph '' and Columbia 's wax cylinder `` graphophone '' . Berliner 's earliest discs , first marketed in 1889 , were 5 inches -LRB- 13 cm -RRB- in diameter , and were played with a small hand-propelled machine . Both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity , due to the limited sound quality . , under the Berliner Gramophone trademark , Berliner started marketing records with somewhat more substantial entertainment value , along with somewhat more substantial gramophones to play them . Berliner 's records had poor sound quality compared to wax cylinders , but his manufacturing associate Eldridge R. Johnson eventually improved the sound quality . Abandoning Berliner 's `` Gramophone '' trademark for legal reasons , in 1901 Johnson 's and Berliner 's separate companies reorganized to form the Victor Talking Machine Company , whose products would come to dominate the market for many years . Emile Berliner moved his company to Montreal in 1900 . The factory which became RCA Victor stills exists . There is a dedicated museum in Montreal for Berliner .",
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              "question": "Where is the Berlin Museum?",
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              "original_question": "Where is the museum dedicated to Berliner located?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8179_s",
          "context": "At the start of her reign Victoria was popular , but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother 's ladies-in-waiting , Lady Flora Hastings , developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy . Victoria believed the rumours . She hated Conroy , and despised `` that odious Lady Flora '' , because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System . At first , Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination , until in mid-February she eventually agreed , and was found to be a virgin . Conroy , the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora . , the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen . At public appearances , Victoria was hissed and jeered as `` Mrs. Melbourne '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572403030a492a19004355e2_s",
              "question": "When did Victoria's reputation begin to suffer?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1839",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Victorias reputation begin to suffer?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16033_s",
          "context": "The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830 . , a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece . , the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange , although most of the Greeks displaced -LRB- over a million of the total 1.5 million -RRB- had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed . -LSB- note 1 -RSB- The Greek genocide , in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea , contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign , was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade , then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c1_s",
              "question": "When did Greece that we know today formally come into being?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18542_s",
          "context": "As the election approached . In January 1948 , after learning of plans in New Hampshire to elect delegates supporting him for the forthcoming Republican National Convention ; `` life-long professional soldiers '' , he wrote , `` in the absence of some obvious and overriding reason , -LSB- should -RSB- abstain from seeking high political office '' . Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president ; Republican Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner , would presumably serve two terms , at age 66 in 1956 , would then be too old .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324f98e17f3d140042283a_s",
              "question": "Who should win the 1948 election?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas E. Dewey",
                  "answer_start": 431
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was it assumed would win the election of 1948?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5616_s",
          "context": "Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar . These include many birds of prey such as vultures , eagles , and buzzards , but also storks . These birds migrate in the daytime . Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water , since thermals only form over land , and these birds can not maintain active flight for long distances . , which must cross at the narrowest points . Massive numbers of large raptors and storks pass through areas such as the Strait of Messina , Gibraltar , Falsterbo , and the Bosphorus at migration times . More common species , such as the European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus . Other barriers , such as mountain ranges , can also cause funnelling , particularly of large diurnal migrants . This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck . Batumi bottleneck in the Caucasus is one of the heaviest migratory funnels on earth . Avoiding flying over the Black Sea surface and across high mountains , hundreds of thousands of soaring birds funnel through an area around the city of Batumi , Georgia . Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20 % of their weight during migration , which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons , hawks and harriers .",
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            {
              "id": "5706872b52bb891400689a45_s",
              "question": "When do the great birds of prayer migrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "daytime",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When do large birds of pray migrate?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16062_s",
          "context": "Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel -LRB- Jibril -RRB- , beginning on 22 December 609 CE , when Muhammad was 40 , and concluding in 632 . Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad , a proof of his prophethood , and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad . The word `` Quran '' occurs some 70 times in the text of the Quran , although different names and words are also said to be references to the Quran .",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Muhammad begin to accept the Koran?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 December 609 CE",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On which date did Muhammad begin receiving the Quran?"
            }
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        {
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          "context": "Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be \"anti music of any kind\". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted Manchester acts such as Joy Division, The Fall and A Certain Ratio developed unique styles which drew on a similarly disparate range of influences across music and modernist literature. Bands such as Scritti Politti, Gang of Four and This Heat incorporated Leftist political philosophy and their own art school studies in their work.",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e90dccb0c0d14000f12b4_s",
              "question": "Where does joy come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Manchester",
                  "answer_start": 319
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Joy Division hail from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12941_s",
          "context": ": the MC5 , The Stooges , Bob Seger , Amboy Dukes featuring Ted Nugent , Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels , Rare Earth , Alice Cooper , and Suzi Quatro . The group Kiss emphasized the city 's connection with rock in the song Detroit Rock City and the movie produced in 1999 . , Detroit was an important center of the hardcore punk rock underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs , such as The Necros , The Meatmen , and Negative Approach .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 1980s",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ca303acd2414000dfe8a_s",
              "question": "When was the kissing movie released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1999",
                  "answer_start": 271
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did the movie about Kiss come out?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8459_s",
          "context": "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government , Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal . On 17 October 1807 , 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon 's orders . This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War , a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength . Throughout the winter of 1808 , French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs , attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family . On 16 February 1808 , secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country . , where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later . Napoleon appointed his brother , as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808 . The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population . Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country . The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon 's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person .",
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              "id": "5726a0d85951b619008f7831_s",
              "question": "Who elected Napoleon to lead the army sent to Portugal?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Junot",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Napoleon select to lead the troops sent to invade Portugal?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13032_s",
          "context": "James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that , `` Laws may be unjust , may be unwise , may be dangerous , may be destructive ; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect . '' . But with regard to every law , however unjust , oppressive or pernicious , which did not come plainly under this description , they would be under the necessity as judges to give it a free course . '' : `` When its existence as law is denied , that existence can not be proved by showing what are the qualities of a law . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5727d3cf3acd2414000ded7e_s",
              "question": "Who spoke at the Philadelphia convention about the chaos in which judges may not be able to enforce the law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Wilson",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who spoke at the Philadelphia Convention about the potential chaos from not having judges be able to enforce laws?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5218_s",
          "context": "Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the `` Six Ages '' or the `` Four Empires '' , and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world . When referring to their own times , they spoke of them as being `` modern '' . In the 1330s . Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his History of the Florentine People -LRB- 1442 -RRB- . The `` Middle Ages '' first appears in Latin in 1469 as media tempestas or `` middle season '' . In early usage , there were many variants , including medium aevum , or `` middle age '' , first recorded in 1604 , and media saecula , or `` middle ages '' , first recorded in 1625 . The alternative term `` medieval '' -LRB- or occasionally `` mediaeval '' -RRB- derives from medium aevum . : Ancient , Medieval , and Modern .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the history of the Florentines?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leonardo Bruni",
                  "answer_start": 266
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the History of the Florentine People?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1607_s",
          "context": "During April 2009 , U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair Janet Yellen discussed these paradoxes : `` Once this massive credit crunch hit , it did n't take long before we were in a recession . The recession , in turn , deepened the credit crunch as demand and employment fell , and credit losses of financial institutions surged . Indeed , we have been in the grips of precisely this adverse feedback loop for more than a year . A process of balance sheet deleveraging has spread to nearly every corner of the economy . Consumers are pulling back on purchases , especially on durable goods , to build their savings . Businesses are cancelling planned investments and laying off workers to preserve cash . And , financial institutions are shrinking assets to bolster capital and improve their chances of weathering the current storm . Once again . He spoke of the paradox of deleveraging , in which precautions that may be smart for individuals and firms -- and indeed essential to return the economy to a normal state -- nevertheless magnify the distress of the economy as a whole . ''",
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              "question": "Who was the vice chairman of the Federal Reserve in April 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Janet Yellen",
                  "answer_start": 52
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in April 2009?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4198_s",
          "context": "Alternative proposals for the etymology of * Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support . , in this context meaning `` practicer of a common Slavic religion , '' and from that evolved into an ethnonym . S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European * -LRB- s -RRB- lawos , cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós `` population , people , '' which itself has no commonly accepted etymology . Meanwhile , others have pointed out that the suffix - enin indicates a man from a certain place , which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava , possibly a river name . -- 1986 -RRB- to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who doubts that srava came from a rebuilt original Indo European law?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "S.B. Bernstein",
                  "answer_start": 221
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-237_s",
          "context": "At the end of 1831 , Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann , reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung -LRB- his first published article on music -RRB- , declared : `` Hats off , gentlemen ! A genius . '' . : `` Here is a young man who ... taking no model , has found , if not a complete renewal of piano music , ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ... '' After this concert , Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces . , whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons -LRB- social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite -RRB- . By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite . He no longer depended financially upon his father , and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe . This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving , which he disliked .",
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            {
              "id": "56cf70c74df3c31400b0d799_s",
              "question": "Who was Chopin's first big spokesman?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Schumann",
                  "answer_start": 103
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9023_s",
          "context": "The on-again , first at Kaesong , on the border between North and South Korea , and then at the neighbouring village of Panmunjom . A major , problematic negotiation point was prisoner of war -LRB- POW -RRB- repatriation . The PVA , KPA , and UN Command could not agree on a system of repatriation because many PVA and KPA soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north , which was unacceptable to the Chinese and North Koreans . In the final armistice agreement , signed on 27 July 1953 , a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission , under the chairman Indian General K. S. Thimayya , was set up to handle the matter .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726ef49dd62a815002e95ab_s",
              "question": "When was the ceasefire finally signed?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "27 July 1953",
                  "answer_start": 481
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the armistice agreement finally signed?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6620_s",
          "context": "Emerging British acts included Free , which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US . , vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company , whose eponymous first album -LRB- 1974 -RRB- was an international hit . The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock , evident in the works of Deep Purple , was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent . , producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling , which contained the proto-power ballad `` Love Hurts '' . , Queen , gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal , progressive rock , and even opera . The latter featured the single `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "570b6879ec8fbc190045b9f0_s",
              "question": "When was the first album released by a bad company?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5510_s",
          "context": ", created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype , in 1931 . , but made revisions for legibility and economy of space . Times New Roman made its debut in the issue of 3 October 1932 . After one year , the design was released for commercial sale . , but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch font five times since 1972 . However , all the new fonts have been variants of the original New Roman font :",
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              "question": "Who was the creator of a series for the times in 1931?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Victor Lardent",
                  "answer_start": 13
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the creator of the serif typeface created in 1931 for The Times newspaper?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-350_s",
          "context": "Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region , which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China . , preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north , could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet ; instead , they relied on `` Confucian instruments of tribute relations '' of heaping unlimited number of titles and gifts on Tibetan lamas through acts of diplomacy . , '' that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders . '' . ''",
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              "id": "56cd982562d2951400fa6771_s",
              "question": "Who took Ordos area as the place to launch the raid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Mongols",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids? "
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18556_s",
          "context": "Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term , but as with other decisions , he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again . During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955 ; the group , in addition to his doctor , concluded a second term was well advised , and he announced in February 1956 he would run again . ; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition . He personally favored Robert B. Anderson , a Democrat , who rejected his offer ; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party . In 1956 , with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6 % of the popular vote . The level of campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations .",
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              "question": "Who does Eisenhower want to be his candidate from 1956?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert B. Anderson",
                  "answer_start": 484
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Eisenhower want as his 1956 running mate?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7214_s",
          "context": "Sheldon Pollock argues that `` most observers would agree that , in some crucial way , Sanskrit is dead '' . : 393 Pollock has further argued that , while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India , it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age. : 416 Instead , it was reduced to `` reinscription and restatements '' of ideas already explored , and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses. .",
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              "question": "Who says Sanskrit is dead?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sheldon Pollock",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has said the Sanskrit is dead?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3435_s",
          "context": "Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.",
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              "id": "56e10e25e3433e1400422b55_s",
              "question": "Where is better than this non-governmental language community?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Europe",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5357_s",
          "context": "Early computing machines had fixed programs . Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine . With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed . A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions -LRB- a program -RRB- that details the computation . In 1945 Turing joined the National Physical Laboratory and began work on developing an electronic stored-program digital computer . His 1945 report ` Proposed Electronic Calculator ' was the first specification for such a device . John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania , also circulated his First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fde82419033b140034cda7_s",
              "question": "When did Alan Turing join the National Physics Laboratory?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1945",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Alan Turing join the National Physical Laboratory?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6572_s",
          "context": "The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States . The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq . , resulting in a decisive victory for the U.S. led coalition forces , which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths . Despite the low death toll , over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as `` permanently disabled '' according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs -LRB- see Gulf War Syndrome -RRB- . The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq , Kuwait and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia . Land combat did not expand outside of the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region , although the coalition bombed cities and strategic targets across Iraq , and Iraq fired missiles on Israeli and Saudi cities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 1990",
            "january 1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3d5fec8fbc190045b908_s",
              "question": "When did this happen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "August 1990",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did this precipitating event take place?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5832_s",
          "context": "In consequence to the Reform War , the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain , England , and France . On July 17 , 1861 . Spain , England , and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico , 1861 in which they agreed to take possession of several custom stations within Mexico as payment . General Juan Prim of Spain persuaded the English delegation to accept the terms of the Pacto de Soledad , but the French delegation refused .",
          "c_entity": [
            "triple alliance",
            "juárez",
            "pacto de soledad",
            "manuel doblado",
            "juan prim",
            "foreign affairs minister"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57070b9290286e26004fc848_s",
              "question": "Who persuaded the British to accept the terms of the agreement?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General Juan Prim of Spain",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who convinced the English to accept the terms of the pact?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16107_s",
          "context": "Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion . '' Later writers have expanded this test , attempting to define power in terms of overall military , economic , and political capacity . Kenneth Waltz , the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations , uses a set of five criteria to determine great power : population and territory ; resource endowment ; economic capability ; political stability and competence ; and military strength . These expanded criteria can be divided into three heads : power capabilities , spatial aspects , and status .",
          "c_entity": [
            "a. j. p. taylor",
            "kenneth waltz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ddeab7151e1900c01591_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of the new realism theory of international relations?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kenneth Waltz",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18290_s",
          "context": "On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, and the authority of the pope. He would later write works on the Catholic devotion to Virgin Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, the sacraments, mandatory clerical celibacy, monasticism, further on the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship between Christianity and the law, good works, and the sacraments.",
          "c_entity": [
            "31 october 1517"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731c7ade17f3d14004223d7_s",
              "question": "When did Martin Luther post his 95 papers at the church door?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "31 October 1517",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14835_s",
          "context": "Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain 's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns . It was written between 1940 and 1943 . The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville 's writings on the `` road to servitude . '' It was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944 and was quite popular , leading Hayek to call it `` that unobtainable book , '' also due in part to wartime paper rationing . When it was published in the United States by the University of Chicago in September of that year , it achieved greater popularity than in Britain . At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman , the American magazine Reader 's Digest also published an abridged version in April 1945 , enabling The Road to Serfdom to reach a far wider audience than academics . The book is widely popular among those advocating individualism and classical liberalism .",
          "c_entity": [
            "britain",
            "united states"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a49233f37b31900478862_s",
              "question": "Where is serfdom more popular than in Britain?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United States",
                  "answer_start": 555
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Road to Serfdom more popular than it was in Britain?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8033_s",
          "context": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered , setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs . The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock , and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance . , which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt . , and licensed the technology to Parke Davis . Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin . Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks , and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 -LRB- Primatene Mist -RRB- . By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "parke davis",
            "johns hopkins university",
            "john abel",
            "jokichi takamine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a6dbe4faf5e1900b8a9a1_s",
              "question": "Who sells adrenaline?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Parke Davis",
                  "answer_start": 635
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who marketed epinephrine?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18645_s",
          "context": "The Bronx has several local newspapers . Four non-profit news outlets , Mount Hope Monitor . , Bernard Stein , won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998 . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "city times",
            "mott haven herald",
            "new york city",
            "city news",
            "bronx news",
            "bronx times",
            "norwood news",
            "bronx high school of science",
            "riverdale press",
            "bernard stein",
            "inner city press",
            "riverdale review",
            "parkchester news"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326b24b9d445190005eb0e_s",
              "question": "Who is the editor of Riverdale?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bernard Stein",
                  "answer_start": 95
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-315_s",
          "context": ", in the light of modern scholarship . '' , since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict . Morris Rossabi also writes that `` Tibet , which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan , scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "ming shih",
            "van praag",
            "morris rossabi",
            "ming court",
            "yuan",
            "li tieh-tseng",
            "turrell v. wylie",
            "university of washington",
            "history of ming"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ccde7862d2951400fa64da_s",
              "question": "Who thinks Tibet has little diplomatic relations with the Ming Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Morris Rossabi",
                  "answer_start": 135
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who believed that Tibet barely had any diplomatic relations with the Ming?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7052_s",
          "context": "The king returned west but is said to have lost a significant part of his baggage train along the way. Roger of Wendover provides the most graphic account of this, suggesting that the king's belongings, including the Crown Jewels, were lost as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries which empties into the Wash, being sucked in by quicksand and whirlpools. Accounts of the incident vary considerably between the various chroniclers and the exact location of the incident has never been confirmed; the losses may have involved only a few of his pack-horses. Modern historians assert that by October 1216 John faced a \"stalemate\", \"a military situation uncompromised by defeat\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1216"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5d56b3d812140066d192_s",
              "question": "When did John go through the deadlock?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "October 1216",
                  "answer_start": 589
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did John face a stalemate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": "; he was 82 years old . In 1894 , without consulting the outgoing prime minister . His government was weak , and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him . Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria 's reign .",
          "c_entity": [
            "cabinet",
            "salisbury",
            "gladstone",
            "henry labouchere",
            "rosebery",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723d221f6b826140030fc98_s",
              "question": "Who succeeded Lord rosbury a year after his appointment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Salisbury",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12761_s",
          "context": "The late nineteenth century also brought the systematic study of color theory , and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other . These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh . Describing his painting , The Night Cafe , Van Gogh wrote : `` I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions . The hall is blood red and pale yellow , with a green billiard table in the center , and four lamps of lemon yellow , with rays of orange and green . Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "vincent van gogh",
            "theo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a1dd76aef0514001552b1_s",
              "question": "Who painted the dining car?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vincent van Gogh",
                  "answer_start": 276
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who painted The Night Cafe?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12109_s",
          "context": "Darwin was hard at work on his `` big book '' on Natural Selection , who stayed on the Maluku Islands -LRB- Ternate and Gilolo -RRB- . It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism , a response to Darwin 's recent encouragement . The mechanism was similar to Darwin 's own theory . , ... forestalled '' and he would `` of course , adding that `` all my originality , whatever it may amount to , will be smashed '' . , and on 1 July 1858 , the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties ; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection , were read out but drew little reaction . , historians have pointed out differences . Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders , and emphasised competition between individuals , and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wallace",
            "hooker",
            "gray",
            "lyell",
            "darwin",
            "linnean society"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727839a5951b619008f8be8_s",
              "question": "Who wrote a paper on the trend of species diversity?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Darwin",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the paper, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1933_s",
          "context": "One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, which the host supplies to them. These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1980s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de25ab4396321400ee2609_s",
              "question": "When was the worm found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the late 1980s",
                  "answer_start": 383
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the worms found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14282_s",
          "context": ". Clytia , jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself , betraying her sister 's trust and confidence in her . Enraged . Apollo refused to forgive Clytia for betraying his beloved , and a grieving Clytia wilted and slowly died . Apollo changed her into an incense plant , either heliotrope or sunflower , which follows the sun every day .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leucothea",
            "clytia",
            "orchamus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728db98ff5b5019007da83b_s",
              "question": "Who is the sister of leucocytosis?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clytia",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is Leucothea's sister?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5917_s",
          "context": "When World War II started , tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended ; however , the war did provide economic benefits for the city . Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war . Ellington Field , initially built during World War I , was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators . The Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S. Navy during World War II . Due to the boom in defense jobs , thousands of new workers migrated to the city , both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs . President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors , and blacks gained some opportunities , especially in shipbuilding , although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1942",
            "the postwar years"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57093dae9928a814004714e7_s",
              "question": "When was brown shipyard founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1942",
                  "answer_start": 547
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16216_s",
          "context": "Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century . There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period , though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 19th century",
            "1871",
            "1815"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f11a2dfa6aa1500f8d5b8_s",
              "question": "When did the Italian Association take office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in the 19th century",
                  "answer_start": 144
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Italian Unification occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14391_s",
          "context": ", heavily used arquebuses , developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation . , which had inflamed futile struggles among the populace for centuries . Attacking from the `` sanctuary '' of Buddhist temples , they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions . He died in 1582 when one of his generals , Akechi Mitsuhide , turned upon him with his army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oda nobunaga",
            "akechi mitsuhide",
            "ashikaga bakufu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f03bff5b5019007da9a2_s",
              "question": "Who killed Xiaotian Xinxiao?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Akechi Mitsuhide",
                  "answer_start": 362
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who caused Oda Nobunaga's death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17447_s",
          "context": ". , while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv . At the same time an uprising took place in Kiev . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The affairs became even more complicated by the end of the 11th century driving the state into chaos and constant warfare . However even though that did not really stop the fighting , it certainly cooled things off . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "novgorod",
            "yaroslav the wise",
            "vseslav",
            "rostislav vladimirovich",
            "kievan rus",
            "iziaslav",
            "vladimir ii monomakh",
            "the end of the 11th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573134c405b4da19006bcebb_s",
              "question": "Who fought for tutarakan after yasolav's death?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rostislav Vladimirovich",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was fighting for Tmutarakan following Yarsolav's death?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16685_s",
          "context": "On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the Constitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also \"delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "10 october 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fc225a23a5019007fc9a1_s",
              "question": "When did Armenia and Turkey try to reopen their borders?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "10 October 2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6594_s",
          "context": "The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. The Confederacy hoped to win by getting Britain and France to intervene, or else by wearing down the North's willingness to fight. The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. The Confederates under Robert E. Lee tenaciously defended their capital until the very end. The war spilled across the continent, and even to the high seas. Most of the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered.",
          "c_entity": [
            "robert e. lee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b52c7ec8fbc190045b98a_s",
              "question": "Who led the alliance that defended Richmond in the war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert E. Lee",
                  "answer_start": 307
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7120_s",
          "context": ", Apple released the Power Mac G4 Cube , their first desktop since the discontinued Power Macintosh G3 , to slot between the iMac G3 and the Power Mac G4 . Even with its innovative design , it was initially priced US$ 200 higher than the comparably-equipped and more-expandable base Power Mac G4 , while also not including a monitor , making it too expensive and resulting in slow sales . , compared to 308,000 Macs during that same quarter , and Cube sales dropped to 12,000 units in Q1 of 2001 . A price drop and hardware upgrades could not offset the earlier perception of the Cube 's reduced value compared to the iMac and Power Mac G4 lineup , and it was discontinued in July 2001 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000",
            "july 2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d229ab3d812140066d474_s",
              "question": "When was the power MAC G4 fitted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 2001",
                  "answer_start": 676
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Power Mac G4 discontinued?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1155_s",
          "context": "Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states alone are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest meditative state is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some sort of mental activity must take place: a liberating cognition, based on the practice of mindful awareness.",
          "c_entity": [
            "buddha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d20db9e7d4791d00902636_s",
              "question": "Who can the most vivid Yoga thoughts be found in the early sermons?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Buddha",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6471_s",
          "context": "The Duchy administers bona vacantia within the County Palatine , receiving the property of persons who die intestate and where the legal ownership can not be ascertained . There is no separate Duke of Lancaster , the title merged into the Crown many centuries ago -- but the Duchy is administered by the Queen in Right of the Duchy of Lancaster . A particular form of The Loyal Toast , ` The Queen , Duke of Lancaster ' is in regular use in the county palatine . Lancaster serves as the county town of the county palatine .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1971",
            "centuries ago"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ad9b56d058f1900183130_s",
              "question": "When did the title of Duke Lancaster come to the throne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "many centuries ago",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the title of Duke of Lancaster merge into the Crown?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8833_s",
          "context": ", the tungsten filament was introduced . Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires . Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile . By 1910 , a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten . The process required pressing tungsten powder into bars , then several steps of sintering , swaging , and then wire drawing . It was found that very pure tungsten formed filaments that sagged in use , and that a very small `` doping '' treatment with potassium , silicon , and aluminium oxides at the level of a few hundred parts per million greatly improved the life and durability of the tungsten filaments .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1906",
            "1910"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57263203ec44d21400f3dc14_s",
              "question": "When was the extended form of tungsten invented?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1910",
                  "answer_start": 209
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the ductile form of tungsten invented?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18865_s",
          "context": "The ancient trade route between India and Tibet that passed through Kathmandu enabled a fusion of artistic and architectural traditions from other cultures to be amalgamated with local art and architecture . The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings . In 2006 UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site -LRB- WHS -RRB- . The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares -LRB- 466.9 acres -RRB- , with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares -LRB- 591.4 acres -RRB- . , Patan and Bhaktapur , Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan , the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1979",
            "2006",
            "the centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5735ba07dc94161900571f56_s",
              "question": "When did the Kathmandu Valley monument gain its status?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2006",
                  "answer_start": 355
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Kathmandu valley monuments receive WHS status?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18815_s",
          "context": "During the feudal and colonial times in British India , hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states , as many maharajas and nawabs , as well as British officers , maintained a whole corps of shikaris -LRB- big-game hunters -RRB- , who were native professional hunters . They would be headed by a master of the hunt , who might be styled mir-shikar . Often , they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques . Big game , might be hunted from the back of an elephant .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
            "bengal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573606536c16ec1900b9290c_s",
              "question": "Where is hunting as a royal sport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "British India",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10013_s",
          "context": "Controversy erupted when Madonna decided to adopt from Malawi again. Chifundo \"Mercy\" James was finally adopted in June 2009. Madonna had known Mercy from the time she went to adopt David. Mercy's grandmother had initially protested the adoption, but later gave in, saying \"At first I didn't want her to go but as a family we had to sit down and reach an agreement and we agreed that Mercy should go. The men insisted that Mercy be adopted and I won't resist anymore. I still love Mercy. She is my dearest.\" Mercy's father was still adamant saying that he could not support the adoption since he was alive.",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726e8ed5951b619008f8229_s",
              "question": "When was kindness adopted?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2009",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Mercy adopted?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6295_s",
          "context": "There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1993"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a68cf6d058f1900182e27_s",
              "question": "When was passion, emotion and meaning of life published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1993",
                  "answer_start": 285
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1489_s",
          "context": "Malaysia : The event was held in the capital city , Kuala Lumpur . The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square , passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers . Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House , National Mosque , KL Tower and Merdeka Stadium . The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1000",
            "april 21",
            "1964"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d96b3edc89441400fdb434_s",
              "question": "When was the last time Malaysia saw the Olympic torch relay before the 2008 Olympic Games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1964",
                  "answer_start": 435
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Prior to the 2008 games, when did Malaysia last see an Olympic torch relay?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8885_s",
          "context": ". , moves continued : LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier came from Philadelphia on March 26 , for Bill Campbell and a minor leaguer . Reliever Tim Stoddard -LRB- 10 -- 6 3.82 ; veteran pitcher Ferguson Jenkins was released .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 26",
            "1984",
            "december, 1983",
            "the same day",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266857dd62a815002e8400_s",
              "question": "When did Gary Matthews and CF Bobby denir from Philadelphia join the cubs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 26",
                  "answer_start": 86
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier come from Philadelphia to the Cubs?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14135_s",
          "context": "The term `` Hispanic '' as an ethnonym emerged in the 20th century with the rise of migration of laborers from the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America to the United States . , the word `` Latino '' is often used as a synonym for `` Hispanic '' . The definitions of both terms are non-race specific , and include people who consider themselves to be of distinct races -LRB- Black , White , Amerindian , Asian , and mixed groups -RRB- . However , there is a common misconception in the US that Hispanic/Latino is a race or sometimes even that national origins such as Mexican , Cuban , Colombian , Salvadoran , etc. are races . In contrast to `` Latino '' or `` Hispanic '' , `` Anglo '' refers to non-Hispanic White Americans or non-Hispanic European Americans , most of whom speak the English language but are not necessarily of English descent .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 20th century",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57292f37af94a219006aa167_s",
              "question": "When did the word \"Hispanic\" come into use?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 20th century",
                  "answer_start": 50
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the term \"Hispanic\" begin being used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6588_s",
          "context": "After just 100 hours of ground combat , and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control , US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities . Some US politicians were disappointed by this move ; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired . Still , and many coalition nations refused to participate in such an action , believing it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george h. w. bush",
            "hussein"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b4b85ec8fbc190045b96b_s",
              "question": "Who ordered a ceasefire to effectively end hostilities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "US President George H. W. Bush",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively ended hostilities?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4036_s",
          "context": "The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that \"there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem.\" While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur.",
          "c_entity": [
            "amartya sen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ea99270030b61400a34fcf_s",
              "question": "Who says there is no non political food problem?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amartya Sen",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has stated that apolitical food problems do not exist?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3445_s",
          "context": "In the Low Middle Ages , Catalan went through a golden age , reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness . -- 1315 -RRB- , the Four Great Chronicles -LRB- 13th -- 14th centuries -RRB- , and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March -LRB- 1397 -- 1459 -RRB- . By the 15th century , the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon , and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world . During this period . Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century , and in Sardinia until the 17th . During this period , the language was what Costa Carreras terms `` one of the ` great languages ' of medieval Europe '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "costa carreras",
            "ramon llull",
            "royal chancery"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e134e9cd28a01900c676af_s",
              "question": "Who calls Catalan one of the great languages?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Costa Carreras",
                  "answer_start": 625
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called Catalan one of the great languages?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9949_s",
          "context": "A considerable amount of new knowledge about plant function comes from studies of the molecular genetics of model plants such as the Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants. Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000. The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2000"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57274eb3f1498d1400e8f60b_s",
              "question": "When was this genome sequenced?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 474
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was this genome sequenced?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16454_s",
          "context": ", the Government of India 's public service broadcaster , which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel . Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription , direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television . The first public internet access service began in 1995 . , high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1998",
            "july 1992",
            "2015",
            "1974",
            "the early 1990s",
            "1995"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fbe94947a6a140053cc24_s",
              "question": "When was the first time in Hyderabad that the public went online?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1995",
                  "answer_start": 329
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the general public first get access to the internet in Hyderabad?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18643_s",
          "context": ", the memorial -- 1917 -RRB- , finally came to rest , although subject to repeated vandalism , in the Bronx , at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse . , it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse . -RRB- , Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as `` a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei , the mythical German figure , surrounded by mermaids , dolphins and seashells . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "1999",
            "1899",
            "today",
            "1846",
            "1917"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326a760fdd8d15006c6aa1_s",
              "question": "When did hurt die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 18
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Herter die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4230_s",
          "context": "Marcin Woźniak and colleagues -LRB- 2010 -RRB- searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a -LSB- M17 -RSB- . Working with haplotypes , they found a pattern among Western Slavs which turned out to correspond to a newly discovered marker , M458 , which defines subclade R1a1a7 . This marker correlates remarkably well with the distribution of Slavic-speakers today . , which discovered M458 , did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker , since they used the `` evolutionary effective '' mutation rate , which gave a date far too old to be Slavic . Woźniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate , giving a later date , is more consistent with the archaeological record .",
          "c_entity": [
            "peter underhill",
            "marcin woźniak"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f754a3a6d7ea1400e171be_s",
              "question": "Who has been looking for a specific Slavic subgroup of r1a1a [M17]?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marcin Woźniak and colleagues",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5858_s",
          "context": "But the peace in the state did not last long , the elections of 1875 caused new hostilities . Ángel Trías led a new movement against the government in June 1875 and maintained control over the government until September 18 . During October 1875 several locations were controlled by rebel forces , but the government finally regained control on November 25 , 1875 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ángel trías",
            "donato guerra"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570718ed9e06ca38007e9427_s",
              "question": "Who do you think he conspired with?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ángel Trías",
                  "answer_start": 94
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "With whom was he said to have conspired?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6218_s",
          "context": "Imperial College TV ICTV -LRB- formerly STOIC -LRB- Student Television of Imperial College -RRB- -RRB- is Imperial College Union 's TV station . The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room . Besides the news , early productions included a film of the Queen opening what was then called College Block and interview programmes with DJ Mike Raven , Richard O'Brian and Monty Python producer Ian MacNaughton . The society was renamed to ICTV for the start of the 2014/15 academic year .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1969",
            "1972",
            "year"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a574f4103511400d5962c_s",
              "question": "When does the station change its name to modern station?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "start of the 2014/15 academic year",
                  "answer_start": 632
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the station renamed to it's modern name?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12072_s",
          "context": "Nominally , sovereignty lay in the emperor but in fact power was wielded by the Fujiwara nobility . However , to protect their interests in the provinces , the Fujiwara and other noble families required guards , police and soldiers . The warrior class made steady political gains throughout the Heian period . As early as 939 A.D , Taira no Masakado threatened the authority of the central government , leading an uprising in the eastern province of Hitachi , and almost simultaneously , Fujiwara no Sumitomo rebelled in the west . Still , when much of the strength of the government would lie within the private armies of the shogunate .",
          "c_entity": [
            "939 a.d",
            "centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57276d6add62a815002e9ca2_s",
              "question": "When did masakado start the rebellion?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "939 A.D",
                  "answer_start": 322
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Masakado begin his rebellion?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7_s",
          "context": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1986"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733ac31d058e614000b5ff4_s",
              "question": "When was Joan Crocker international peace institute founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1986",
                  "answer_start": 303
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11654_s",
          "context": "The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise . The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study . In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research -LRB- in Leipzig -RRB- . , though more as cultural icon than a force in scientific psychology .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ivan pavlov",
            "sigmund freud",
            "hermann ebbinghaus",
            "william james",
            "wilhelm wundt"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572831f64b864d19001646e8_s",
              "question": "Who put the first lab entirely into psychology?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm Wundt",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12266_s",
          "context": "The wet season begins some time in May . During this period , temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s -LRB- 29 -- 35 °C -RRB- , accompanied by high humidity , which then allow lower temperatures , but conditions still remain very muggy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mid-october",
            "the year",
            "may",
            "june",
            "august",
            "afternoon",
            "the warm months"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a767174f2e11900503fc7_s",
              "question": "When does the Miami rainy season begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "May",
                  "answer_start": 35
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-656_s",
          "context": ", with up to US$ 234 million worth of exports each year . Entrepreneurs were forming a `` Chocolate District '' in Brooklyn as of 2014 , while Godiva , one of the world 's largest chocolatiers .",
          "c_entity": [
            "brooklyn",
            "manhattan",
            "new york city"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf4a29aab44d1400b88f57_s",
              "question": "Where is the chocolate section?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brooklyn",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the \"Chocolate District\" located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7750_s",
          "context": "In 1977 , the Supreme Court 's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman , and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder . Prior to the decision , the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the United States , the State of Georgia and the U.S. Federal government were the only two jurisdictions to still retain the death penalty for that offense . However , three states maintained the death penalty for child rape , as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman . , the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape . The result of these two decisions means that the death penalty in the United States is largely restricted to cases where the defendant took the life of another human being . , however , may be exempt because the death penalty applies if the victim dies in the perpetrator 's custody , not necessarily by his hand , thus stipulating a resulting death , which was the wording of the objection . In addition , the Federal government retains the death penalty for non-murder offenses that are considered crimes against the state , including treason , espionage , and crimes under military jurisdiction .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "current",
            "time",
            "2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57100a7fb654c5140001f78f_s",
              "question": "When did cork decide to oppose Georgia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
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          "context": "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review.",
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          "context": "Malaysia : The event was held in the capital city , Kuala Lumpur , on April 21 . The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square , passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers . Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House , National Mosque , KL Tower and Merdeka Stadium .",
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          "context": "Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area , thus there were regional variations in lifestyles . However , all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production , making knapping styles and progress identifiable . This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas , utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family .",
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          "context": ". Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor , Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928 .",
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          "context": "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood , Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight . Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame , and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts . Through early January , she felt `` weak and unwell '' , and by mid-January she was `` drowsy ... dazed , -LSB- and -RSB- confused '' . She died on Tuesday , 22 January 1901 , at half past six in the evening , at the age of 81 . Her son and successor King Edward VII , and her eldest grandson , were at her deathbed . Her favourite pet Pomeranian , Turri , was laid upon her deathbed as a last request .",
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          "context": ", with classes commencing on January 3 , 1876 . -- a German immigrant named Karl Maeser . The school , however . At that time , 1896 . ; however , in his last official act . The suggestion received a large amount of opposition , but the decision ultimately passed . One opponent to the decision , later said , `` I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat . ''",
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          "context": "The European powers continued to pursue diplomatic avenues . The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers -- the United Kingdom , France , Austria and Prussia -- met in Vienna , where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans . The peace terms arrived at by the four powers at the Vienna Conference were delivered to the Russians by the Austrian Foreign Minister Count Karl von Buol on 5 December 1853 . ; however , feeling that the document 's poor phrasing left it open to many different interpretations . The United Kingdom , France , and Austria united in proposing amendments to mollify the Sultan , but the court of St. Petersburg ignored their suggestions. : 143 The UK and France then set aside the idea of continuing negotiations , but Austria and Prussia did not believe that the rejection of the proposed amendments justified the abandonment of the diplomatic process .",
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          "context": "Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.",
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          "context": "Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world ; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years . According to Fred Bronson , author of books on the Billboard charts , no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles . In 2007 , American Idol alums accounted for 2.1 % of all music sales . Its alumni have a massive impact on radio ; in 2007 . By 2010 , four winners each had more than a million radio spins .",
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          "context": "Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner . Out of a total of 24 million votes . This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through . In an interview prior to season five .",
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          "context": ". He was assigned as an observer for the mission , which involved sending a convoy of U.S. Army vehicles coast to coast . His subsequent experience with encountering German autobahn limited-access road systems during the concluding stages of World War II convinced him of the benefits of an Interstate Highway System . Noticing the improved ability to move logistics throughout the country , he thought an Interstate Highway System in the U.S. would not only be beneficial for military operations , but provide a measure of continued economic growth . The legislation initially stalled in the Congress over the issuance of bonds to finance the project , but the legislative effort was renewed and the law was signed by Eisenhower in June 1956 .",
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          "context": "The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.",
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          "context": "On 28 April 2015 , the Iranian navy seized the Marshall Island-flagged MV Maersk Tigris near the Strait of Hormuz . , which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons . The ship was reported to be under the control of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard according to the Pentagon . The Pentagon reported that the destroyer USS Farragut and a maritime reconnaissance aircraft were dispatched upon receiving a distress call from the ship Tigris and it was also reported that all 34 crew members were detained .",
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          "context": ", and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization . Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe . By 1800 , a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily , and German sometimes . Many Russian novels of the 19th century , e.g. Leo Tolstoy 's -LRB- Лев Толсто́й -RRB- War and Peace , contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given , with an assumption that educated readers would not need one .",
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          "context": "Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 . The permission was granted , and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589 , on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions . One of them , Edward Bonventure , then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594 .",
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          "context": "Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974 , a significant change has occurred in the nation 's annual economic growth . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period , Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy . , Portugal 's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports , private investment and the development of the high-tech sector . Consequently , business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles , clothing , footwear and cork -LRB- Portugal is the world 's leading cork producer -RRB- , wood products and beverages .",
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          "context": "Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the \"father of the computer\", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.",
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          "context": ", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world . When referring to their own times , they spoke of them as being `` modern '' . , the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiqua -LRB- or `` ancient '' -RRB- and to the Christian period as nova -LRB- or `` new '' -RRB- . Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his History of the Florentine People -LRB- 1442 -RRB- . Bruni and later historians argued that Italy had recovered since Petrarch 's time , and therefore added a third period to Petrarch 's two . In early usage , there were many variants , including medium aevum , or `` middle age '' , and media saecula , or `` middle ages '' . : Ancient , and Modern .",
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          "context": ". In 1982 , Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression . , I associated politics only with anger , fear and loneliness '' she wrote in A Change of Heart , her book about depression . Thorne later married Richard Charlesworth , an architect , and moved to Bozeman , Montana , where she became active in local environmental groups such as the Greater Yellowstone Coalition .",
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          "context": "Pope Saint John XXIII -LRB- Latin : Ioannes XXIII ; Italian : Giovanni XXIII -RRB- born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , -LSB- a -RSB- Italian pronunciation : -LSB- ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli -RSB- . Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy . He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts , including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria , Greece and Turkey .",
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          "context": "The Historic center of Mexico City (Centro Histórico) and the \"floating gardens\" of Xochimilco in the southern borough have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era Metropolitan Cathedral and National Palace, ancient Aztec temple ruins Templo Mayor (\"Major Temple\") and modern structures, all within a few steps of one another. (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables).",
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15521_s",
          "context": "Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and , with financial backing from Columbia Pictures , released Close Encounters . For this , at the behest of Columbia , and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film , shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film -LRB- a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery -RRB- . Nevertheless , the re-release was a moderate success , while the 2001 DVD release of the film restored the original ending .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "1980",
            "2001"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318fb805b4da19006bd2ba_s",
              "question": "When was the intimacy DVD released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 523
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a Close Encounters DVD come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16505_s",
          "context": ", the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988 . The school 's academic programs include BSBA , MBA , Professional MBA -LRB- PMBA -RRB- , Executive MBA -LRB- EMBA -RRB- , MS in Finance , MS in Supply Chain Management , MS in Customer Analytics , Master of Accounting , Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program , and Doctorate programs , as well as non-degree executive education . , an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai , in cooperation with Fudan University .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "1917",
            "2002"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd7e304bcaa1900d76db4_s",
              "question": "When did Olin come?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 72
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Olin Business School named?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11103_s",
          "context": "The list of nutrients that people are known to require is, in the words of Marion Nestle, \"almost certainly incomplete\". As of 2014, nutrients are thought to be of two types: macro-nutrients which are needed in relatively large amounts, and micronutrients which are needed in smaller quantities. A type of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, i.e. non-digestible material such as cellulose, is required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, although the exact reasons remain unclear. Other micronutrients include antioxidants and phytochemicals, which are said to influence (or protect) some body systems. Their necessity is not as well established as in the case of, for instance, vitamins.",
          "c_entity": [
            "marion nestle"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b8785951b619008f7bc9_s",
              "question": "Who says the list of nutrients people need is incomplete?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marion Nestle",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claims that the list of nutrients that humans require is incomplete?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14771_s",
          "context": ", carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings , rich in religious and other symbolism , and as a practical consideration , as it was customary to remove one 's shoes in living quarters . , and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia . Turks used carpets , rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room , but also as a hanging on walls and doorways , where they provided additional insulation . They were also commonly donated to mosques , which often amassed large collections of them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "asia",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a60d8d562191400bc86a4_s",
              "question": "Where did carpet weaving first spread to the interior of the Empire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anatolia",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did carpet weaving initially spread to inside of the Empire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2639_s",
          "context": "Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases , such as `` The Bag o'Nails '' -LRB- Bacchanals -RRB- , `` The Goat and Compasses '' -LRB- God Encompasseth Us -RRB- , `` The Cat and the Fiddle '' -LRB- Chaton Fidèle , which purportedly celebrates the victory of Henry VIII at `` Boulogne Bouche '' or Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry viii",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfe8c67aa994140058e25f_s",
              "question": "Who won in port bologne?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Henry VIII",
                  "answer_start": 316
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won a victory at Boulogne-sur-Mer Harbour?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8159_s",
          "context": "Palmerston died in 1865 , and after a brief ministry led by Russell , Derby returned to power . , Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert 's death . , though she was not in favour of votes for women . , to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli , who charmed Victoria . `` Everyone likes flattery , '' he said , `` and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel . '' With the phrase `` we authors , Ma'am '' , he complimented her . , William Ewart Gladstone , was appointed prime minister . Victoria found Gladstone 's demeanour far less appealing ; he spoke to her , she is thought to have complained , as though she were `` a public meeting rather than a woman '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "months",
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            "the following year",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726341a271a42140099d74f_s",
              "question": "When did Palmerston die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1865",
                  "answer_start": 19
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Palmerston die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3453_s",
          "context": "In parallel , however . This period starts with Aribau 's Ode to the Homeland -LRB- 1833 -RRB- , and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer -LRB- poetry -RRB- , Oller -LRB- realist novel -RRB- , and Guimerà -LRB- drama -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1833",
            "the present day",
            "the second half of the 19th century"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e14cd0e3433e1400422d81_s",
              "question": "When did this Renaissance begin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1833",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did this revival period begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18083_s",
          "context": "The ban on figurative depiction was not taken so seriously by the Jews living in Byzantine Gaza . In 1966 remains of a synagogue were found in the ancient harbour area . Its mosaic floor depicts King David as Orpheus , identified by his name in Hebrew letters . Near him were lion cubs , a giraffe and a snake listening to him playing a lyre . A further portion of the floor was divided by medallions formed by vine leaves , each of which contains an animal : a lioness suckling her cub , a giraffe , peacocks , panthers , bears , a zebra and so on . The floor was paved in 508/509 . , suggesting that the same artist most probably worked at all three places .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731882fe6313a140071d048_s",
              "question": "Who is the center of the mosaic in 1966?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King David as Orpheus",
                  "answer_start": 195
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The mosaic found in 1966 depicts who as the central figure?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3422_s",
          "context": ", print media in Somalia reached a peak in activity . Around 50 newspapers were published in Mogadishu alone during this period , including Qaran , Mogadishu Times , Sana'a , Shabelle Press , Ayaamaha , Mandeeq , Sky Sport , Goal , The Nation , Dalka , Panorama , Aayaha Nolosha , Codka Xuriyada and Xidigta Maanta . In 2003 , as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate , advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers . A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations , as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution . , the political Xog Doon and Xog Ogaal and Horyaal Sports were reportedly the last remaining newspapers printed in the capital . According to Issa Farah , a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet , newspaper publishing in Somalia is likely to experience a resurgence if the National Somali Printing Press is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the early 2000s",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e1c348cd28a01900c67b3e_s",
              "question": "When did the free media begin to expand?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 320
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did free media outlets begin to expand?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9425_s",
          "context": "Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes).",
          "c_entity": [
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bd04708984140094cfc8_s",
              "question": "When did the first concert hall in the Western Hemisphere open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 578
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17463_s",
          "context": "Designed by Masayuki Uemura , the designer of the original Famicom , the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday , November 21 , 1990 for ¥ 25,000 -LRB- US$ 210 -RRB- . It was an instant success , and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends . , leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yakuza",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730a3018ab72b1400f9c61e_s",
              "question": "Who designed nes and SNES?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Masayuki Uemura",
                  "answer_start": 12
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed both the NES and SNES?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13818_s",
          "context": "After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 . The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River . After the Soviets were driven out from Estonia , German troops disarmed all the partisan groups .",
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            {
              "id": "5728acd92ca10214002da59e_s",
              "question": "When did the Germans attack the Soviet Union?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 June 1941",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What date did the Germans invade the Soviets?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12382_s",
          "context": "After World War II , two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard `` 78 '' : the 33 1⁄3 rpm -LRB- often just referred to as the 33 rpm -RRB- , and the 45 rpm -LRB- see above -RRB- . The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP -LRB- for `` long-play '' -RRB- format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948 . , each pursuing their own r & d in secret . Both types of new disc used narrower grooves , intended to be played with smaller stylus -- typically 0.001 inches -LRB- 25 µm -RRB- wide , compared to 0.003 inches -LRB- 76 µm -RRB- for a 78 -- so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove . Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard , requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves .",
          "c_entity": [
            "june 1948",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b3ab4b864d1900163aba_s",
              "question": "When was the 1 / 3 speed available?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 1948",
                  "answer_start": 327
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8153_s",
          "context": "Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election ; he was 82 years old . , so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him . In 1894 , Gladstone retired and , without consulting the outgoing prime minister , Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister . His government was weak .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57258041cc50291900b28540_s",
              "question": "Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's successor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lord Rosebery",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2356_s",
          "context": "During the Hundred Years ' War a French attack -LRB- 1340 -RRB- burned a manor house and took some prisoners , but failed to get into the town . In 1403 the town was burned by Breton raiders . In the late fifteenth century a ` castle quadrate ' was constructed close to the area now known as The Barbican ; it included four round towers , one at each corner , as featured on the city coat of arms . The castle served to protect Sutton Pool . , and a series of fortifications were then built . Defences on St Nicholas Island also date from this time , and a string of six artillery blockhouses were built , including one on Fishers Nose at the south-eastern corner of the Hoe . , which itself went on to provide the site for the Citadel , established in the 1660s -LRB- see below -RRB- .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de69b2cffd8e1900b4b88f_s",
              "question": "Who set Plymouth on fire in 1403?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Breton raiders",
                  "answer_start": 176
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who set fire to Plymouth in 1403?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2386_s",
          "context": "The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 -LRB- 22nd largest in the UK out of 165 -RRB- . It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £ 160 million . It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West -LRB- formerly Plymouth Polytechnic -RRB- following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 . It has courses in maritime business , marine engineering , marine biology and Earth , ocean and environmental sciences , surf science , shipping and logistics . , establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry . , which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992",
            "2000",
            "2006",
            "2011"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df64688bc80c19004e4bad_s",
              "question": "When was the University of Plymouth founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 213
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the University of Plymouth established?"
            }
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        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11891_s",
          "context": ", 16 years after the first FA Cup competition . , taking the 1901 FA Cup with a victory over reigning league runners-up Sheffield United : although at that time . -RRB- Only two other actual non-League clubs have even reached the final since the founding of the League , which it formally became in 1892 -- Wednesday being let straight into the First Division -RRB- , proving the strength of that league : again , they were probably of equivalent standard to a First Division club at the time . -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "second division",
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            "southampton",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727907c708984140094e106_s",
              "question": "Who did they wipe for the cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sheffield United",
                  "answer_start": 120
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did they delete for the cup? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13333_s",
          "context": "In early 1962 Nasser again attempted to wrest control of the military command from Amer . Amer responded by directly confronting Nasser for the first time and secretly rallying his loyalist officers . Nasser ultimately backed down , wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government . , who already had diabetes , to practically live on painkillers from then on .",
          "c_entity": [
            "amer",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572829183acd2414000df5e1_s",
              "question": "Who does Nasser want to control the Egyptian army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Amer",
                  "answer_start": 83
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From whom did Nasser want to seize control of Egypt's military?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14656_s",
          "context": "In 1807 , Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term `` energy '' instead of vis viva , in its modern sense . , William Rankine coined the term `` potential energy '' . , and applies to any isolated system . , dubbed the caloric , or merely a physical quantity , such as momentum .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729e6923f37b319004785b4_s",
              "question": "When did Thomas Young replace Viva with the word \"energy\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1807",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Thomas Young use the term \"energy\" instead of vis viva?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8051_s",
          "context": "A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death -LRB- RR 0.89 -RRB- , stroke -LRB- RR 0.63 -RRB- , coronary heart disease -LRB- RR 0.84 -RRB- , and cardiovascular events -LRB- RR 0.70 -RRB- in people with high blood pressure . , including loop diuretics -LRB- Lasix/furosemide , Hoechst Pharmaceuticals , beta blockers -LRB- ICI Pharmaceuticals , and angiotensin receptor blockers . ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease -LSB- RR 0.71 -RSB- and death -LSB- RR 0.84 -RSB- in diabetic patients , irrespective of whether they have hypertension .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009",
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            "1964",
            "1963"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aca5732177014007e9f0e_s",
              "question": "When did Cochrane publish the report?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Cochrane release the report?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8504_s",
          "context": ", the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture . Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period , Maurice Barrès 's Les Déracinés -LRB- 1897 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1913",
            "2005",
            "1897"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726f90b5951b619008f83c9_s",
              "question": "When was Morris Baron 232's pun written?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1897",
                  "answer_start": 188
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Maurice Barrès's Les Déracinés written?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5934_s",
          "context": "Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a811e4103511400d597a3_s",
              "question": "When was Houston Baptist University founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1960",
                  "answer_start": 593
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Houston Baptist University founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16668_s",
          "context": ". This was because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers . On 24 April 1915 , Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities and , with the Tehcir Law -LRB- 29 May 1915 -RRB- , eventually a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished in what has become known as the Armenian Genocide .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fa6bca23a5019007fc833_s",
              "question": "Where did the Armenian massacre take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Anatolia",
                  "answer_start": 277
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Armenian Genocide occur?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10227_s",
          "context": "According to the Hebrew Bible narrative , who lived in Canaan around the 18th century BCE . Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacob 's son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself . , after which the Israelites conquered Canaan . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "isaac",
            "abraham",
            "sarah",
            "rachel",
            "bce",
            "jacob",
            "rebecca",
            "joseph"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572675c2708984140094c6d9_s",
              "question": "Who is Joseph's father?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jacob",
                  "answer_start": 92
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Joseph's father?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15378_s",
          "context": "In 1977 , Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state , the Jamahiriya -LRB- `` state of the masses '' -RRB- . Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance , he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents . Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad , Gaddafi 's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya 's label of `` international pariah '' . A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom . Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments , also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union . , resulting in the Libyan Civil War . NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC , bringing about the government 's downfall . Retreating to Sirte , Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "2011",
            "1999",
            "1986",
            "spring"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316b98e6313a140071cf25_s",
              "question": "When did Gaddafi find his people's Republic?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9504_s",
          "context": "In 1970 , the New Haven Black Panther trials took place . Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant . Beginning on May Day , the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters , college students , and New Left activists -LRB- including Jean Genet , Benjamin Spock , Abbie Hoffman , Jerry Rubin , and John Froines -RRB- , who amassed on the New Haven Green , across the street from where the trials were being held . Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred , and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals . The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "new haven green",
            "connecticut"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57279e8c4b864d19001638b2_s",
              "question": "Where are the protesters from the Panther process gathering in new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "New Haven Green",
                  "answer_start": 430
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what central New Haven location did protesters of the Black Panther trials congregate?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1773_s",
          "context": "A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1714"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dd26729a695914005b9521_s",
              "question": "When did Queen Anne die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1714",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Queen Anne die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8046_s",
          "context": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that \"it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred\". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.",
          "c_entity": [
            "federal trade commission"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e8_s",
              "question": "Who published a report describing the role of antibiotics?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Federal Trade Commission",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4411_s",
          "context": ". , UDBA -RRB- was also formed as the new secret police , along with a security agency , OZNA -RRB- . Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators ; controversially , this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime . Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration , high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "yugoslav people's army",
            "department of people's security",
            "zaštite naroda",
            "jna",
            "draža mihailović",
            "state security administration"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e9_s",
              "question": "Who was convicted of conspiracy and treason?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Draža Mihailović",
                  "answer_start": 351
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4756_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 2009 , however . Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday , 1 March 2009 , target of an assassination . Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession . It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá .",
          "c_entity": [
            "vieira",
            "national assembly",
            "raimundo pereira",
            "malam bacai sanhá",
            "batista tagme na wai"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8ceed9b226e1400dd104b_s",
              "question": "Who won the election in June 2009?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Malam Bacai Sanhá",
                  "answer_start": 217
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the election in June 2009?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18056_s",
          "context": ". Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels . They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites . The esonarthex has two fluted domes , specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ . The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos . The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban . These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings , landscapes , figures .",
          "c_entity": [
            "chora church",
            "christ",
            "theodore metochites",
            "sophia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316587e6313a140071cedd_s",
              "question": "Who commissioned the mosaic in naos?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Theodore Metochites",
                  "answer_start": 124
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who commissioned the mosaics at naos?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8977_s",
          "context": "At dawn on Sunday , 25 June 1950 , the Korean People 's Army crossed the 38th parallel behind artillery fire . The KPA justified its assault with the claim that ROK troops had attacked first , and that they were aiming to arrest and execute the `` bandit traitor Syngman Rhee '' . Fighting began on the strategic Ongjin peninsula in the west . , and this sequence of events has led some scholars to argue that the South Koreans actually fired first .",
          "c_entity": [
            "haeju",
            "ongjin peninsula"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726884cf1498d1400e8e2f3_s",
              "question": "Where does the fight start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ongjin peninsula",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the fighting begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3750_s",
          "context": ", however . Beset by factional conflicts , his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces , when the Qing army . Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645 . On June 6 , and the commander of the city 's garrison , Zhao the Earl of Xincheng , promptly surrendered the city to them . The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way . They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen 's cantonment , but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zhu yuanzhang",
            "zhu yousong",
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            "zhao",
            "dodo",
            "ming palace"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e78da500c9c71400d772a7_s",
              "question": "Who gave Nanjing to the invaders?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Zhao the Earl of Xincheng",
                  "answer_start": 244
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8192_s",
          "context": ", as Freemasonry was not a religion , it should not require a religious belief . The new constitutions read , `` Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity '' , the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out . It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time . , a situation that continues today .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united grand lodge of england",
            "lausanne congress of supreme councils",
            "grand orient de"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5724b5d10a492a1900435624_s",
              "question": "Who revoked the recognition of France and the east?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "United Grand Lodge of England",
                  "answer_start": 313
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18409_s",
          "context": ", save for Republican majorities in 1947 -- 49 and 1953 -- 55 , all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent . Since 1995 , the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner , though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections . In 1998 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "hale boggs",
            "dennis hastert",
            "dick armey",
            "nicholas longworth",
            "dick gephardt",
            "tom delay",
            "charles a. halleck",
            "newt gingrich",
            "republican house",
            "john boehner"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57320884b9d445190005e74c_s",
              "question": "Who is the only majority leader to speak since 1995?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "John Boehner",
                  "answer_start": 236
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Since 1995 who is the only majority leader to become speaker?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4454_s",
          "context": "In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish). The hypothesis that \"a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole\" assumed Tito's identity was included. The report also notes Draža Mihailović's impressions of Tito's Russian origins.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2013"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f83a84a6d7ea1400e174d9_s",
              "question": "When was the study published in the cryptography spectrum?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2013",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did the study in Cryptologic Spectrum come out?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8176_s",
          "context": ". They had been betrothed since September 1855 ; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17 . ; `` It really makes me shudder '' , `` when I look round to all your sweet , happy , unconscious sisters , and think I must give them up too -- one by one . '' Almost exactly a year later , Wilhelm .",
          "c_entity": [
            "prince albert",
            "kaiser",
            "frederick william",
            "orsini",
            "wilhelm",
            "victoria"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57266b70708984140094c56a_s",
              "question": "Who is the Queen's first grandson?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wilhelm",
                  "answer_start": 321
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Queen's first grandchild?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2418_s",
          "context": "Her Majesty's Courts Service provide a Magistrates' Court and a Combined Crown and County Court in the city. The Plymouth Borough Police, formed in 1836, eventually became part of Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. There are police stations at Charles Cross and Crownhill (the Divisional HQ) and smaller stations at Plympton and Plymstock. The city has one of the Devon and Cornwall Area Crown Prosecution Service Divisional offices. Plymouth has five fire stations located in Camel's Head, Crownhill, Greenbank, Plympton and Plymstock which is part of Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution have an Atlantic 85 class lifeboat and Severn class lifeboat stationed at Millbay Docks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1836"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df7c9a56340a1900b29c1e_s",
              "question": "When did the police start in Plymouth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1836",
                  "answer_start": 148
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Plymouth Borough Police begin operation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18648_s",
          "context": "Starting in the 1970s , the Bronx often symbolized violence , decay , and urban ruin . The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that `` The Bronx is burning '' . The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series . Numerous fires had previously broken out in the Bronx prior to this fire . As the fire was captured on live television , `` There it is , ladies and gentlemen : the Bronx is burning '' . A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006 , chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough .",
          "c_entity": [
            "edwin pagan",
            "new york city",
            "new york times",
            "los angeles dodgers",
            "bbc",
            "howard cosell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c5ae99e3014001e6798_s",
              "question": "Who made a movie called Bronx burning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Edwin Pagan",
                  "answer_start": 514
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13334_s",
          "context": ", Nasser embarked on a major nationalization program for Egypt , believing the total adoption of socialism was the answer to his country 's problems and would have prevented Syria 's secession . In order to organize and solidify his popular base with Egypt 's citizens and counter the army 's influence , Nasser introduced the National Charter in 1962 and a new constitution . The charter called for universal health care , affordable housing , vocational schools , greater women 's rights and a family planning program , as well as widening the Suez Canal .",
          "c_entity": [
            "october 1961",
            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57282a8cff5b5019007d9e61_s",
              "question": "When was the national charter published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 347
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the National Charter released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9704_s",
          "context": "At Live Aid, held at Wembley on 13 July 1985, in front of the biggest-ever TV audience of 1.9 billion, Queen performed some of their greatest hits, during which the sold-out stadium audience of 72,000 people clapped, sang, and swayed in unison. The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show. An industry poll in 2005 ranked it the greatest rock performance of all time. Mercury's powerful, sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as \"The Note Heard Round the World\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "wembley"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a3bf5951b619008f78a4_s",
              "question": "Where is on-site rescue?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Wembley",
                  "answer_start": 21
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Live Aid held?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2059_s",
          "context": "Major reductions in the cost of lighting occurred with the discovery of whale oil and kerosene. Gas lighting was economical enough to power street lights in major cities starting in the early 1800s, and was also used in some commercial buildings and in the homes of wealthy people. The gas mantle boosted the luminosity of utility lighting and of kerosene lanterns. The next major drop in price came about with the incandescent light bulb powered by electricity.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1800s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df51008bc80c19004e4a6d_s",
              "question": "When did gasoline powered street lights become economical and practical?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early 1800s",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did gas powered street lights became economically available."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8406_s",
          "context": "The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service , which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself , the defining institution of the Greek world . Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal . Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material possessions and social conventions -LRB- nomos -RRB- as unnatural and useless . The Cyrenaics meanwhile , embraced hedonism , arguing that pleasure was the only true good . Stoicism , taught that virtue was sufficient for eudaimonia as it would allow one to live in accordance with Nature or Logos . Hellenistic philosophy , had a significant influence on the Greek ruling elite . , who had studied in the lyceum . This can also be said of the Roman upper classes , were Stoicism was dominant .",
          "c_entity": [
            "demetrius",
            "antiochus",
            "cicero",
            "marcus aurelius",
            "diogenes",
            "aristotle",
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            "zeno of citium",
            "plato",
            "antigonus ii gonatas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57261589ec44d21400f3d89c_s",
              "question": "Who says social standards and material wealth are unnatural and useless?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Diogenes of Sinope",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said social norms and material possesions were unnatural and useless?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4655_s",
          "context": "During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes.",
          "c_entity": [
            "hannibal"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8b80d9b226e1400dd0eac_s",
              "question": "Who is general Carthage?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Hannibal",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Carthaginian general?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14401_s",
          "context": "Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era . He commanded most of Japan 's major clans during the invasion of Korea -LRB- 1592 . In a handbook he addressed to `` all samurai , regardless of rank '' he told his followers that a warrior 's only duty in life was to '' ... grasp the long and the short swords and to die '' . He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics , especially those related to loyalty and filial piety . He is best known for his quote : `` If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily , it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death . Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one 's mind well . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "1598",
            "1592"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728f41daf94a219006a9e4c_s",
              "question": "When did Japan begin to conquer Korea?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1592",
                  "answer_start": 162
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Japan begin invading Korea?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3450_s",
          "context": ", that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers . People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran , whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca . Their speech was known as patuet . , the number of Catalan speakers was around 100,000 . After the declaration of independence of Algeria in 1962 , almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia -LRB- as Pieds-Noirs -RRB- or Alacant .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1833",
            "1911",
            "1962"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e13e81e3433e1400422cfe_s",
              "question": "When do most Catalans leave northern Catalonia?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 342
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12251_s",
          "context": ". 19:26-27 -RSB- has in itself been the subject of Marian art . , e.g. . , the Mond Crucifixion -RRB- , and Caravaggio -LRB- e.g. .",
          "c_entity": [
            "virgin mary",
            "caravaggio",
            "john paul ii",
            "marian cross",
            "raphael",
            "jesus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727aa092ca10214002d9332_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the artist's name \"his disgrace\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caravaggio",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the art names \"His Entombment\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8607_s",
          "context": "During World War II , a famous incident involving the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este , 200 kilometers -LRB- 120 mi -RRB- from Montevideo . , the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo 's port , which was considered neutral at the time . To avoid risking the crew in what he thought would be a losing battle . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006 ; to protect the feelings of those still sensitive to Nazi Germany , the swastika on the figurehead was covered as it was pulled from the water .",
          "c_entity": [
            "royal navy",
            "graf spee",
            "hans langsdorff",
            "royal new zealand navy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725bfc338643c19005acc4f_s",
              "question": "Who will be the German carrier?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Admiral Graf Spee",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Admiral of the German pocket ship?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14279_s",
          "context": "Four days after his birth , Apollo killed the chthonic dragon Python , which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring . Hera sent the serpent to hunt Leto to her death across the world . To protect his mother , Apollo begged Hephaestus for a bow and arrows . After receiving them .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leto",
            "python",
            "delphi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728da31ff5b5019007da820_s",
              "question": "Who was Apollo's mother?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Leto",
                  "answer_start": 153
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Apollo's mother?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12798_s",
          "context": ", on 22 October 2009 the International Telecommunication Union -LRB- ITU -RRB- has also announced that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution its `` energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution , '' and added : `` Based on the Micro-USB interface , UCS chargers also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating -- up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007",
            "22 october 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727e97bff5b5019007d983b_s",
              "question": "When did ITU announce the acceptance of micro USB as a universal charging solution?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "22 October 2009",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the ITU announce that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17467_s",
          "context": "The company continued to carefully review submitted titles, giving them scores using a 40-point scale and allocating Nintendo's marketing resources accordingly. Each region performed separate evaluations. Nintendo of America also maintained a policy that, among other things, limited the amount of violence in the games on its systems. One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy. A surprise hit in arcades in 1992, Mortal Kombat features splashes of blood and finishing moves that often depict one character dismembering the other. Because the Genesis version retained the gore while the SNES version did not, it outsold the SNES version by a ratio of three or four-to-one.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1992"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730a5e02461fd1900a9cf3d_s",
              "question": "When was \"the mortal combat\" published in arcadine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1992",
                  "answer_start": 419
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Mortal Kombat released in arcades?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7770_s",
          "context": "Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma . The Court , found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5 -- 4 margin , effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18 . State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision . In the American legal system , unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed ; instead , they are held to be unenforceable . -LRB- See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1988",
            "march 2005"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571023c2a58dae1900cd6901_s",
              "question": "When did Thompson decide to oppose Oklahoma?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 58
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18160_s",
          "context": "Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur . The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space , and only later referred to a building . Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space ; its ancient boundary -LRB- pomerium -RRB- had been marked by Romulus himself with oxen and plough ; what lay within was the earthly home and protectorate of the gods of the state . In Rome , the central references for the establishment of an augural templum appear to have been the Via Sacra -LRB- Sacred Way -RRB- and the pomerium . Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur , who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before , during and after an act of sacrifice . Divine disapproval could arise through unfit sacrifice , errant rites -LRB- vitium -RRB- or an unacceptable plan of action . If an unfavourable sign was given , the magistrate could repeat the sacrifice until favourable signs were seen , consult with his augural colleagues , or abandon the project . Magistrates could use their right of augury -LRB- ius augurum -RRB- to adjourn and overturn the process of law , but were obliged to base their decision on the augur 's observations and advice . , himself an augur , this made the augur the most powerful authority in the Late Republic . By his time -LRB- mid 1st century BC -RRB- augury was supervised by the college of pontifices , whose powers were increasingly woven into the magistracies of the cursus honorum .",
          "c_entity": [
            "romulus",
            "cicero"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731d6d4e99e3014001e631f_s",
              "question": "Who demarcated the first border of Rome?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Romulus",
                  "answer_start": 320
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designated the first boundary of Rome?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10819_s",
          "context": ", Poland in 1923 . Like Achille Ratti before him , -LSB- a -RSB- he felt confronted with the huge problem , not limited to Poland , of excessive nationalism : `` This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies , especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers . Then one seeks the expansion of one 's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours . People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in . Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars . '' When he was recalled to Rome he was happy to go , because `` this concludes this episode of my life , which has provided useful , though not always joyful , experiences . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "warsaw",
            "rome",
            "poland"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a337f1498d1400e8e58e_s",
              "question": "Where is Montini happy to return to Poland at the end of his term?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rome",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was Montini happy to return to after his tenure in Poland?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10559_s",
          "context": "At the end of the Late Middle Ages , professional actors began to appear in England and Europe . Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman 's residence , often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a `` screen '' at the other for the actors . Also important were Mummers ' plays , performed during the Christmas season , and court masques .",
          "c_entity": [
            "office of revels",
            "henry viii",
            "richard iii",
            "house of revels",
            "mummers"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57276c8df1498d1400e8f7bb_s",
              "question": "Who has played seasonal Christmas games?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mummers",
                  "answer_start": 297
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15634_s",
          "context": "The Scooter is another storm , a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot . , when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot -LRB- and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence of clouds moving even faster than those that had initially been detected by Voyager 2 -RRB- . The Small Dark Spot is a southern cyclonic storm , the second-most-intense storm observed during the 1989 encounter . It was initially completely dark , but as Voyager 2 approached the planet , a bright core developed and can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1989",
            "the months"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ea63ac246551400ce446d_s",
              "question": "When was the motorcycle observed on Neptune?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 433
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was The Scooter on Neptune observed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17142_s",
          "context": "The blossoming literature , philosophy , medicine , and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization , during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age . The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries , during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities . , Persian language , alongside Arabic , was used for the scientific , philosophical , historical , musical , and medical works , whereas the important Iranian writers , such as Tusi , Avicenna , Qotb od Din Shirazi , and Biruni , had major contributions in the scientific writing .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 10th century",
            "and 11th centuries"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730048aa23a5019007fcc4e_s",
              "question": "When did the golden age of Islam reach its peak?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by the 10th and 11th centuries",
                  "answer_start": 243
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12979_s",
          "context": "In 1860 -- 1905 -RRB- argued for `` the psychic unity of mankind '' . He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements . , all human societies share a set of `` elementary ideas '' -LRB- Elementargedanken -RRB- ; different cultures , or different `` folk ideas '' -LRB- Völkergedanken -RRB- , are local modifications of the elementary ideas . This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture . Franz Boas -LRB- 1858 -- 1942 -RRB- was trained in this tradition , and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adolf bastian",
            "franz boas"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f88a4b864d19001640f4_s",
              "question": "Who taught Bastian culture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franz Boas",
                  "answer_start": 499
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who trained under Bastian's ideas on culture?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5714_s",
          "context": "The MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of a perceptual limitation of human hearing called auditory masking . In 1894 , the American physicist Alfred M. Mayer reported that a tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency . In 1959 . , and to the work that initially determined critical ratios and critical bandwidths .",
          "c_entity": [
            "richard ehmer",
            "ernst terhardt",
            "alfred m. mayer",
            "fletcher"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57061d0c75f01819005e79a4_s",
              "question": "Who is the physicist who reported that sound can't be heard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alfred M. Mayer",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the physicist to report that a tone could be rendered inaudible."
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10404_s",
          "context": "Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events . Full costume is worn , complete with make-up and body paint/adornment . Usually `` Mas Boots '' that complement the costumes are worn . Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme , and contains various sections -LRB- some consisting of thousands of revelers -RRB- that reflect these themes . The street parade and band costume competition take place . The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen 's Park Savannah to pass on `` The Stage '' for judging .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tuesday",
            "march",
            "king"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572797715951b619008f8e3d_s",
              "question": "When do you wear the full dress?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carnival Tuesday",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "On what day is full costume worn?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18558_s",
          "context": "In 1953 ; however . At this time Eisenhower gave his Chance for Peace speech in which he attempted , unsuccessfully , to forestall the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union by suggesting multiple opportunities presented by peaceful uses of nuclear materials . Biographer Stephen Ambrose opined that this was the best speech of Eisenhower 's presidency .",
          "c_entity": [
            "stephen ambrose",
            "eisenhower",
            "joseph stalin",
            "republican party",
            "executive branch"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732677be99e3014001e6784_s",
              "question": "Who called the opportunity for peace President Eisenhower's best speech?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Stephen Ambrose",
                  "answer_start": 273
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who called the Chance for Peace speech the best one Eisenhower gave as president?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-246_s",
          "context": "Although this period had been productive , the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin 's health that Sand determined to leave the island . To avoid further customs duties , Sand sold the piano to a local French couple , the Canuts . -LSB- n 8 -RSB- The group traveled first to Barcelona , then to Marseilles , where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced . , where they spent most summers until 1846 . He frequently visited Sand in the evenings , but both retained some independence . In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans , living in adjacent buildings .",
          "c_entity": [
            "rue tronchet",
            "rue pigalle",
            "nohant",
            "paris",
            "marseilles",
            "barcelona"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d34c7c59d6e414001462a8_s",
              "question": "Where did they go to Barcelona?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marseilles",
                  "answer_start": 310
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5561_s",
          "context": "The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1931"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706a1ad75f01819005e7c7a_s",
              "question": "When was the Indian gate built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1931",
                  "answer_start": 24
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the India Gate built?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16238_s",
          "context": "Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance from both the peasant and warrior alike. The peasant class interpreted the term for military service, ketsu-eki (blood tax) literally, and attempted to avoid service by any means necessary. The Japanese government began modelling their ground forces after the French military. The French government contributed greatly to the training of Japanese officers. Many were employed at the military academy in Kyoto, and many more still were feverishly translating French field manuals for use in the Japanese ranks.",
          "c_entity": [
            "kyoto"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f3f15947a6a140053c810_s",
              "question": "Where is the military academy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kyoto",
                  "answer_start": 724
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was the military academy located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7588_s",
          "context": "Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey . Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war , Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown , which was designed by Norman Hartnell . In post-war Britain , it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh 's German relations , including his three surviving sisters , to be invited to the wedding . The Duke of Windsor , formerly King Edward VIII , was not invited either .",
          "c_entity": [
            "20 november 1947",
            "2500"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f8bb680d9841400ab35b5_s",
              "question": "When did Elizabeth and Philip get married?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "20 November 1947",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were Elizabeth and Philip married?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12117_s",
          "context": "The book was widely translated in Darwin 's lifetime , but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors , and some translations were biased by the translator 's own agenda . Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany , hoping that suitable applicants would come forward , as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher . , adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted . , and added essays on issues including the origin of life . In 1862 , but then died of a heart attack . Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus , who published an improved translation in 1867 . Darwin 's attempts to find a translator in France fell through , as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed . , but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions . By 1864 , additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian . In Darwin 's lifetime , Origin was published in Swedish in 1871 , Danish in 1872 , Polish in 1873 , Hungarian in 1873 -- 1874 , Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878 . By 1977 , it had appeared in an additional 18 languages .",
          "c_entity": [
            "tiberius cornelis winkler",
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            "heinrich georg bronn",
            "naturphilosophie",
            "edmond barbier",
            "julius victor carus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278e79f1498d1400e8fc0b_s",
              "question": "Who published an improved version of the origin of species in 1867?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Julius Victor Carus",
                  "answer_start": 591
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who published an improved translation of On the Origin of Species in 1867?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14283_s",
          "context": "Coronis , was daughter of Phlegyas , King of the Lapiths . Pregnant with Asclepius , son of Elatus . A crow informed Apollo of the affair . When first informed he disbelieved the crow and turned all crows black -LRB- where they were previously white -RRB- as a punishment for spreading untruths . When he found out the truth he sent his sister , to kill Coronis -LRB- in other stories , Apollo himself had killed Coronis -RRB- . As a result , he also made the crow sacred and gave them the task of announcing important deaths . Apollo then killed him for what he did .",
          "c_entity": [
            "coronis",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728dc28ff5b5019007da857_s",
              "question": "Who is the king of volcanic rocks?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Phlegyas",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who owas King of the Lapiths?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1308_s",
          "context": ", `` No Boundaries '' which was co-written by DioGuardi . This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status , and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S. -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            "allen"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d37afb59d6e414001464e1_s",
              "question": "Who helped write the song \"no boundaries\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "DioGuardi",
                  "answer_start": 46
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who helped write the song \"No Boundaries\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-771_s",
          "context": ", author Truman Capote , wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition , `` Someone rare has written this very fine first novel : a writer with the liveliest sense of life , and the warmest , most authentic sense of humor . A touching book ; and so funny , so likeable . '' This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily . In 2003 , a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote 's biological father , Archulus Persons , as claiming that Capote had written `` almost all '' of the book . In 2006 , a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville 's literary heritage museum ; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959 . , responded to the rumor , saying : `` That 's the biggest lie ever told . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "alice",
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            "lippincott"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5655aab44d1400b8903d_s",
              "question": "Who would have thought of writing this book instead of Harper Lee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Truman Capote",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13168_s",
          "context": "During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City , the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts . Large national pow-wows , various Latin and Asian heritage festivals , and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year . The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run . In 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "oklahoma city",
            "mayfest",
            "tulsa state fair"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727de82ff5b5019007d9721_s",
              "question": "Where is the Oklahoma market?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Oklahoma City",
                  "answer_start": 23
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8045_s",
          "context": "In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals. Data are made public in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. The expectation is that relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac24_s",
              "question": "When does the medical center begin to collect information?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "starting in 2013",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18473_s",
          "context": ", with appointments made from headquarters -LRB- and later , also by branch committees -RRB- . It was announced that , appointments would be made by traveling overseers . , the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished , with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body . Since Knorr 's death in 1977 , the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz -LRB- 1977 , both members of the Governing Body , not a member of the Governing Body .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57324509e17f3d14004227ac_s",
              "question": "When did Knoll die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1977",
                  "answer_start": 350
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Knorr die? "
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17834_s",
          "context": "After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms , including elections , a new legal code , and abolition of the examination system . , the hardline Manchu court alienated reformers and local elites alike . Local uprisings starting on October 11 , 1911 led to the Xinhai Revolution . Puyi , the last emperor , abdicated on February 12 , 1912 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dowager cixi",
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            {
              "id": "5731213da5e9cc1400cdbc5e_s",
              "question": "Who was the last emperor of Qing Dynasty?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Puyi",
                  "answer_start": 355
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Qing emperor?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16174_s",
          "context": "The thermionic triode , a vacuum tube invented in 1907 , enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony . The triode , however , was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power . Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor -LRB- FET -RRB- in Canada in 1925 , which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode . However , Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype . Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away , Lilienfeld 's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s , even if such a device had been built . In 1934 , German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "572edbc103f9891900756a98_s",
              "question": "Where did Lilienfeld apply for a patent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Canada",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4313_s",
          "context": ", the Southampton Stags , who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Where are the wide lane sports facilities?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eastleigh",
                  "answer_start": 71
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Wide Lane Sports Facility located?"
            }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17545_s",
          "context": ". Motufoua offers the Fiji Junior Certificate -LRB- FJC -RRB- at year 10 , set by the Fiji-based exam board SPBEA . Sixth form students who pass their PSSC go on to the Augmented Foundation Programme , funded by the government of Tuvalu . This program is required for tertiary education programmes outside of Tuvalu and is available at the University of the South Pacific -LRB- USP -RRB- Extension Centre in Funafuti .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730ec2a497a881900248a56_s",
              "question": "Where is the USP promotion center?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Funafuti",
                  "answer_start": 408
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Extension Centre for the USP?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7304_s",
          "context": "For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states . The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat . , blockading the ports , and taking control of the river systems . By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled . Its eastern armies fought well , but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River . In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862 -- 63 , Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest . Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties . ; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570d3df1b3d812140066d5ce_s",
              "question": "Who controlled the Mississippi River from 1862 to 1863?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ulysses Grant",
                  "answer_start": 576
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5045_s",
          "context": "HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance , a group of television , electronic equipment . Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14 , 1994 . The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23 , 1996 when the Raleigh , winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington , D.C. , which began broadcasting July 31 . , 1998 . The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast , and was seen by the public in science centers , and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cc_s",
              "question": "Who became the official user of HDTV in 1993?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made HDTV official in 1993?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9858_s",
          "context": "Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books . Also , various publishers put out movie novelizations . , following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane , starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos , Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press . However . With few books issued under the imprint , Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726927e708984140094ca91_s",
              "question": "When did miracle press reopen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2011",
                  "answer_start": 416
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11625_s",
          "context": "An intellectual revitalization of Europe started with the birth of medieval universities in the 12th century . The contact with the Islamic world in Spain and Sicily , and during the Reconquista and the Crusades , allowed Europeans access to scientific Greek and Arabic texts , including the works of Aristotle , Ptolemy , Jābir ibn Hayyān , al-Khwarizmi , Alhazen , Avicenna , and Averroes . European scholars had access to the translation programs of Raymond of Toledo , who sponsored the 12th century Toledo School of Translators from Arabic to Latin . Later translators like Michael Scotus would learn Arabic in order to study these texts directly . The European universities aided materially in the translation and propagation of these texts and started a new infrastructure which was needed for scientific communities . In fact , European university put many works about the natural world and the study of nature at the center of its curriculum , with the result that the `` medieval university laid far greater emphasis on science than does its modern counterpart and descendent . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5727f0a62ca10214002d9a06_s",
              "question": "When was the medieval university founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the 12th century",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were medieval universities created?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7250_s",
          "context": "In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir , uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance . ; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period . The other two doors lead into the transept ; one , that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic , dates from the 14th century , the other is that of the Paláu . The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height . The 18th-century restoration rounded the pointed arches , covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars , and redecorated the walls . The dome has no lantern , its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows . There are four chapels on either side , besides that at the end and those that open into the choir , the transept , and the sanctuary . It contains many paintings by eminent artists . A silver reredos , which was behind the altar , was carried away in the war of 1808 , and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign . There are two paintings by Francisco Goya in the San Francesco chapel . Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the Our Lady of the Forsaken -LRB- Virgen de los desamparados or Mare de Déu dels Desamparats -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who painted in San Francisco?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Francisco Goya",
                  "answer_start": 1055
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who painted the pictures that are in the San Francesco chapel?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9989_s",
          "context": "Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy -LRB- 1990 -RRB- . Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress . To accompany the film , she released the soundtrack album , I 'm Breathless , which included songs inspired by the film 's 1930s setting . While shooting the film , which dissolved by the end of 1990 . In April 1990 , Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour , which was held until August . , sexually provocative extravaganza '' and proclaimed it `` the best tour of 1990 '' . The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of `` Like a Virgin '' , during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation . In response , Madonna said , `` The tour in no way hurts anybody 's sentiments . It 's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way . Their own and others '' . The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726ad3c5951b619008f79db_s",
              "question": "Who plays Madonna in the movie \"Dick Tracy\"?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Breathless Mahoney",
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                }
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              "original_question": "In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8082_s",
          "context": "Following the death of Husayn , Ibn al-Zubayr , although remaining in Mecca , was associated with two opposition movements . Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family , including Husayn , word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement . In 683 , Yazid dispatched an army to subdue both movements . The army suppressed the Medinese opposition at the Battle of al-Harrah . Yazid 's army continued on and laid siege to Mecca . At some point during the siege .",
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            {
              "id": "571aa02b10f8ca14003051de_s",
              "question": "Where is Kabbah?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mecca",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Kaaba located?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14987_s",
          "context": "Philadelphia Gas Works -LRB- PGW -RRB- , overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission , is the nation 's largest municipally owned natural gas utility . It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area . Founded in 1836 . , the Philadelphia City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $ 1.86 billion sale of PGW . The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer .",
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              "question": "When was PGW established?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1836",
                  "answer_start": 245
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was PGW founded?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18702_s",
          "context": ". , then receded late in the period , leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds . At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression . The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk ; indeed , more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic . Mid-ocean ridge activity -- or rather , the circulation of seawater through the enlarged ridges -- enriched the oceans in calcium ; this made the oceans more saturated , as well as increased the bioavailability of the element for calcareous nanoplankton . These widespread carbonates and other sedimentary deposits make the Cretaceous rock record especially fine . In the area that is now India , massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene .",
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            {
              "id": "5732a253d6dcfa19001e8a52_s",
              "question": "Where is the Deccan trap?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "India",
                  "answer_start": 673
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where are the Deccan Traps?"
            }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2305_s",
          "context": "On October 7 , 2003 . Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante , and others . His nearest rival , Bustamante , received 31 % of the vote . In total , Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes . Under the regulations of the California Constitution , no runoff election was required .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "id": "56de9a164396321400ee2a46_s",
              "question": "Who is Schwarzenegger's next opponent in the 2003 campaign for governor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cruz Bustamante",
                  "answer_start": 55
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was Schwarzenegger's closest rival in the gubernatorial race of 2003?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-207_s",
          "context": ", and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003 . Moreover , several organizations -LRB- e.g. , The American Society for Microbiology -LRB- ASM -RRB- , American Public Health Association -LRB- APHA -RRB- and the American Medical Association -LRB- AMA -RRB- -RRB- have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses . -LSB- citation needed -RSB- However , commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics , attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibiotics , and to the time required for research to test causal links between their use and resistance to them . , but have not passed . These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations , including the American Holistic Nurses ' Association , the American Medical Association , and the American Public Health Association -LRB- APHA -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733cd2bd058e614000b62b3_s",
              "question": "When will the EU ban antibiotics to accelerate growth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 82
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12382_s",
          "context": "After World War II , two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard `` 78 '' : the 33 1⁄3 rpm -LRB- often just referred to as the 33 rpm -RRB- , and the 45 rpm -LRB- see above -RRB- . RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949 , each pursuing their own r & d in secret . Both types of new disc used narrower grooves , intended to be played with smaller stylus -- typically 0.001 inches -LRB- 25 µm -RRB- wide , compared to 0.003 inches -LRB- 76 µm -RRB- for a 78 -- so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove . Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard , requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727b3ab4b864d1900163abb_s",
              "question": "When did RCA release the 45 RPM format?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 1949",
                  "answer_start": 278
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did RCA release their 45 rpm format?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9783_s",
          "context": "Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD . , the western half became independent under the name of `` Hesse '' , never to become a part of Thuringia again . Most of the remaining Thuringia came under the rule of the Wettin dynasty of the nearby Margraviate of Meissen , the nucleus of the later Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony . , Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family , which subsequently subdivided the area into a number of smaller states , according to the Saxon tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs . These were the `` Saxon duchies '' , consisting , among others , of the states of Saxe-Weimar , Saxe-Eisenach , Saxe-Jena , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg , and Saxe-Gotha ; Thuringia became merely a geographical concept .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57265b4bf1498d1400e8dd0c_s",
              "question": "When did Thuringia become a terrestrial gravitation creature?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "in 1130 AD",
                  "answer_start": 32
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Thuringia become a landgraviate? "
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10883_s",
          "context": "In May and June 1939 , the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States . From Ottawa , the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King , to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada . , which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions . On 19 May ; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills ; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada . The official royal tour historian .",
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            {
              "id": "57281c622ca10214002d9e0b_s",
              "question": "Who was the Prime Minister of Canada in 1939?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Lyon Mackenzie King",
                  "answer_start": 166
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the prime minister of Canada in 1939?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18064_s",
          "context": ". , St John and the two patron saints . When the church was demolished in the 19th century . It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573170f3a5e9cc1400cdbf67_s",
              "question": "Where did Frederick William IV put the murals he bought?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Friedenskirche of Potsdam",
                  "answer_start": 115
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Frederick William IV relocate the mural he purchased?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6716_s",
          "context": "ASCII developed from telegraphic codes . Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services . , with the first meeting of the American Standards Association 's -LRB- ASA -RRB- X3 .2 subcommittee . , underwent a major revision during 1967 . Compared to earlier telegraph codes , the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting -LRB- i.e. , alphabetization -RRB- of lists , and added features for devices other than teleprinters .",
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            {
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              "answers": [
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                }
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              "original_question": "When was the first major revision of the code done?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16488_s",
          "context": ". Early on , Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community , but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment . Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment . The institution had no backing of a religious organization , single wealthy patron , or earmarked government support .",
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            {
              "id": "572f31b3a23a5019007fc4d2_s",
              "question": "Who was the first president of Washington University?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Eliot",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the first president of Washington University?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5889_s",
          "context": "On March 26 , 1913 , which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions . , but with only a handful of comrades . However , by 1913 his forces had swelled into an army of thousands . , which served as rebellion 's capital for the remainder of the struggle with Huerta . In April 1914 U.S. opposition to Huerta had reached its peak , blockading the regime 's ability to resupply from abroad . ''",
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            {
              "id": "5707294790286e26004fc96a_s",
              "question": "Who is Guadalupe's plan to refuse to recognize the president?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Huerta",
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                }
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              "original_question": "The Plan de Guadalupe refused to recognize who as the president?"
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          "context": "Hokkien originated from Quanzhou . After the Opium War in 1842 . From mid-19th century onwards . From mid-19th century until the end of World War II . In the 1940s and 1950s .",
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            {
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              "question": "Where does Hawking come from?",
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                  "text": "Quanzhou",
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              "original_question": "Where did Hokkein originate?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9063_s",
          "context": "Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause . For example , in 2013 , which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time . In 2004 , the US Army paid US$ 4.5 million for a license of 500 users , while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users ; the case was settled for US$ 50 million . Major anti-piracy organizations , conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance .",
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              "question": "Who wrote apptricity software for?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "US Army",
                  "answer_start": 192
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1319_s",
          "context": "Season 11 premiered on January 18, 2012. On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones. However, on March 14, Jones was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants. Jones denied the accusation that he concealed his arrests.",
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            {
              "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e86_s",
              "question": "Who took part in the final and made it to the top 25?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jermaine Jones",
                  "answer_start": 154
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who joined the finalists, making it a Top 25?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2414_s",
          "context": "Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club . They play at the Brickfields . Plymouth Raiders play in the British Basketball League -- the top tier of British basketball . They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983 . Plymouth Devils are a speedway team in the British Premier League . Plymouth was home to an American football club . Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club , with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "When will the Plymouth commando take office?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1983",
                  "answer_start": 295
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When were the Plymouth Raiders inaugurated?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8912_s",
          "context": "The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908 , they have made the postseason seven times . 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues , which also includes the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- , the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- , and the National Hockey League -LRB- NHL -RRB- . In fact , the Cubs ' last World Series title occurred before those other three leagues even existed , and even the Cubs ' last World Series appearance predates the founding of the NBA . The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox . It is this unfortunate distinction that has led to the club often being known as `` The Lovable Losers . '' , but was unable get the victory that would send it to the World Series .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5726821edd62a815002e87a4_s",
              "question": "When was the last time the Chicago Cubs won the world cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1908",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When was the last time the Chicago Cubs win a World Series championship?"
            }
          ]
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9344_s",
          "context": "Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones -LRB- 1884 . ASA Z38.2.1-1943 was revised in 1946 and 1947 before the standard grew into ASA PH2.5-1954 . Originally , ASA values were frequently referred to as American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers . -LRB- See also : Exposure Index -LRB- EI -RRB- . -RRB-",
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              "question": "Who are the research pioneers leading to new ANSI values?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Loyd Ancile Jones",
                  "answer_start": 34
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who pioneered research that led to the new ANSI values?"
            }
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          "context": "The most famous passage in Burke 's Reflections was his description of the events of 5 -- 6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them . Burke 's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources . His use of flowery language to describe it , however , provoked both praise and criticism . , however , reacted differently : `` I adore his chivalry '' . , that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage , she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it . Price had rejoiced that the French king had been `` led in triumph '' during the October Days , but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror -- that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette -- was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman .",
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              "question": "Who is the most famous part of Burke's thinking?",
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                  "text": "Marie-Antoinette",
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              "original_question": "Who was featured in the most well-known part of Burke's Reflections?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-22_s",
          "context": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name . The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s . Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio , especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America -- Harvard , Yale , Princeton , and Army . Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism . The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924 . Nativism and anti-Catholicism , especially when directed towards immigrants , were cornerstones of the KKK 's rhetoric , and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church . The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend . Clashes with the student body started on March 17 , when students , aware of the anti-Catholic animosity , blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia . On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern , and only the arrival of college president Fr . Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes . The next day , football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence . A few days later the Klavern broke up .",
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              "question": "Where do the students of Notre Dame and KKK meet?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Notre Dame students and the KKK have their encounter?"
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          "context": "Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy , medicine , manufacturing and mining . A decisive moment came when ` chymistry ' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist ; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work . Other important steps included the gravimetric experimental practices of medical chemists like William Cullen , Joseph Black , Torbern Bergman and Pierre Macquer and through the work of Antoine Lavoisier -LRB- Father of Modern Chemistry -RRB- on oxygen and the law of conservation of mass , which refuted phlogiston theory . The theory that all matter is made of atoms , which are the smallest constituents of matter that can not be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter . Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships . , Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton 's discoveries .",
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              "question": "When did modern chemistry come into being?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries",
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              "original_question": "When did modern chemistry come into existence?"
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          "context": "DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV , DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV . , although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H. 264/MPEG . Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth , and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements .",
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              "question": "Who created dvb-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T standards?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "DVB",
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              "original_question": "Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-258_s",
          "context": "The British Library notes that `` Chopin 's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era . '' . The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings . A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions .",
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            {
              "id": "56d3aab62ccc5a1400d82ded_s",
              "question": "Who created a disco for Chopin in the way of teaching?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Methuen-Campbell",
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              ],
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              "original_question": "Who has given a discography of pianists' representation of Chopin's pedagogic style?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3152_s",
          "context": "The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.",
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            {
              "id": "56e085d7231d4119001ac25d_s",
              "question": "When is the youngest governor's cup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2010",
                  "answer_start": 149
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did the most recent Governor's cup take place?"
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          "context": ". However , making the policy less practical during winter .",
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              "question": "When is the most impractical time of year to put the clock on the door?",
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              "original_question": "In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9275_s",
          "context": "Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls , professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe , and is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry . While it has greatly declined in Europe . The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet , and wrestling -LRB- along with boxing -RRB- was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery .",
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              "id": "57262e6bec44d21400f3dbc7_s",
              "question": "Where in the world has wrestling become less popular?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "it has greatly declined in Europe",
                  "answer_start": 370
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              "original_question": "What part of the world has wrestling become less popular in?"
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          "context": "Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more \"complex\" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels. First of all, anthropologists continued to study political organization and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere (as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization). Second of all, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and of course on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions). An anthropology of the state developed, and it is a most thriving field today. Geertz' comparative work on \"Negara\", the Balinese state is an early, famous example.",
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              "question": "Who has done a comparative study in Bali?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Geertz",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who did a comparative work on a Balinese state?"
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          "context": "In 1836 . Short -LRB- under five feet , or 152 cm -RRB- , dark , big-eyed and a cigar smoker , who remarked , `` What an unattractive person la Sand is . Is she really a woman ? '' However . It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand . , in Polish , `` My tragedy '' . Sand , in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838 , without realising that the affair , was over .",
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              "question": "Who did George sander write to when he admitted that he had a strong feeling for P.O.",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Grzymała",
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                }
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              "original_question": "Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Frédéric?"
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          "context": ", Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea 's Hellenised elite . Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them . Early Italian synagogues have left few traces . Judaea 's enrollment as a client kingdom in 63 BC increased the Jewish diaspora ; in Rome , this led to closer official scrutiny of their religion . Their synagogues were recognised as legitimate collegia by Julius Caesar . By the Augustan era , the city of Rome was home to several thousand Jews . In some periods under Roman rule , Jews were legally exempt from official sacrifice , under certain conditions . Judaism was a superstitio to Cicero , but the Church Father Tertullian described it as religio licita -LRB- an officially permitted religion -RRB- in contrast to Christianity .",
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              "id": "573220fce99e3014001e653c_s",
              "question": "When did Judea become an ally of Rome?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "63 BC",
                  "answer_start": 304
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Judea become an allied kingdom to Rome?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7992_s",
          "context": "After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ddd93b64a571400c71daf_s",
              "question": "When did the count start checking several fields?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2000",
                  "answer_start": 630
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the census begin allowing multiple boxes to be checked?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4253_s",
          "context": "In 1642 , during the English Civil War , a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton . The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge , Southampton .",
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              "question": "When did the parliamentary garrison arrive in Southampton?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1642",
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              ],
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              "original_question": "What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?"
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          "context": "Smyth , convinced that his self-baptism was invalid , applied with the Mennonites for membership . He died while waiting for membership , and some of his followers became Mennonites . The modern Baptist denomination is an outgrowth of Smyth 's movement . Baptists rejected the name Anabaptist when they were called that by opponents in derision . , many Baptists referred to themselves as `` the Christians commonly -- though falsely -- called Anabaptists . ''",
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              "question": "Who thought her baptism was invalid?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Smyth",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who thought their self-baptism was invalid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12573_s",
          "context": "The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival, as priories were legally schools. Information about the schools of the English Province is limited, but a few facts are known. Much of the information available is taken from visitation records. The \"visitation\" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter. There were four such visits in England and Wales—Oxford, London, Cambridge and York. All Dominican students were required to learn grammar, old and new logic, natural philosophy and theology. Of all of the curricular areas, however, theology was the most important. This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic's zeal for it.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1265"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f89cff5b5019007d9988_s",
              "question": "When was this school in Oxford built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1265",
                  "answer_start": 161
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "By what year was the school in Oxford completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-622_s",
          "context": "New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods , from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn , the oldest section of which dates to 1656 , to the modern One World Trade Center .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1656",
            "currently"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf1988aab44d1400b88d75_s",
              "question": "When was the oldest part of the house built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1656",
                  "answer_start": 212
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4074_s",
          "context": "Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2003"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56eab2c15a205f1900d6d433_s",
              "question": "When does the United Nations Convention against corruption enter into force?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2003",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the United Nations Convention against Corruption join?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7014_s",
          "context": "After Richard 's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne : John , whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II , and young Arthur I of Brittany , who held a claim as the son of John 's elder brother Geoffrey . With Norman law favouring John as the only surviving son of Henry II and Angevin law favouring Arthur as the only son of Henry 's elder son , the matter rapidly became an open conflict . John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster , backed by his mother , Eleanor . Arthur was supported by the majority of the Breton , Maine and Anjou nobles and received the support of Philip II , who remained committed to breaking up the Angevin territories on the continent . With Arthur 's army pressing up the Loire valley towards Angers and Philip 's forces moving down the valley towards Tours , John 's continental empire was in danger of being cut in two .",
          "c_entity": [
            "6 april 1199",
            "the final years",
            "medieval"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c4d2dfed7b91900d45873_s",
              "question": "When did Richard die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "6 April 1199",
                  "answer_start": 26
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Richard die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1184_s",
          "context": "This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated . Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha . This land , the land of the Aryas , was recognized as non-Vedic . Other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha , in all probability because the Magadhas at this time were not Brahmanised . -LSB- page needed -RSB- It was not until the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE that the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha became significant . Ideas that developed in Greater Magadha prior to this were not subject to Vedic influence . These include rebirth and karmic retribution that appear in a number of movements in Greater Magadha , including Buddhism . These movements inherited notions of rebirth and karmic retribution from an earlier culture -LSB- page needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "rajagrha",
            "kosala",
            "greater magadha",
            "aryavarta",
            "sravasti",
            "south east"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d24c8bb329da140004ed19_s",
              "question": "Where does Buddhism originate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Greater Magadha",
                  "answer_start": 99
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Buddhism arose in what area?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14968_s",
          "context": ". It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters . It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees . , a Democrat . The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille .",
          "c_entity": [
            "district attorney",
            "pennsylvania supreme court",
            "municipal court",
            "ron castille",
            "seth williams",
            "pennsylvania liquor control board",
            "philadelphia county court of common pleas -lrb-first judicial district"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab70bbe1ee31400cb81d0_s",
              "question": "Who was the last Republican prosecutor?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ron Castille",
                  "answer_start": 184
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the last Republican DA?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7207_s",
          "context": "Sanskrit -LRB- / ˈsænskrɪt / ; Sanskrit : saṃskṛtam -LSB- səmskr̩t̪əm -RSB- or saṃskṛta , originally saṃskṛtā vāk , `` refined speech '' -RRB- is the primary sacred language of Hinduism , a philosophical language in Buddhism , Hinduism , Sikhism and Jainism . It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan , originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European . Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand . As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists , Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "india",
            "greater"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e22010dc6ce1900204ddf_s",
              "question": "Where is Sanskrit usually found?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "India",
                  "answer_start": 487
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Sanskrit usually found?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8806_s",
          "context": "During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1938"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725f5ca271a42140099d37e_s",
              "question": "When did the northwest hall become a swimming pool?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1938",
                  "answer_start": 586
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the north-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-118_s",
          "context": ", Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop . The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance . The line will launch in April 2016 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "autumn 2015",
            "april 2016",
            "october 2014"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56bfe66ea10cfb1400551381_s",
              "question": "When does the whole line appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 2016",
                  "answer_start": 232
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When will the full line appear?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16419_s",
          "context": "Sultan Quli , a governor of Golkonda ; he rebuilt the mud-fort of Golconda and named the city `` Muhammad nagar '' . The fifth sultan , Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591 , to avoid the water shortages experienced at Golkonda . During his rule , he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city . , the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort . The annexed area was renamed Deccan Suba -LRB- Deccan province -RRB- and the capital was moved from Golkonda to Aurangabad , about 550 km -LRB- 342 mi -RRB- northwest of Hyderabad .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1591",
            "21 september 1687",
            "1518"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f6d1104bcaa1900d7692e_s",
              "question": "When was Hyderabad founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1591",
                  "answer_start": 218
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Hyderabad founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1301_s",
          "context": ". Jennifer Lopez , who was brought in as a judge in season ten , called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget . This was the first season in which contestants ' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances , and although sales information was not released so as not to prejudice the contest , leaked information indicated that contestants ' songs frequently reached the top of iTunes sales charts .",
          "c_entity": [
            "david archuleta",
            "jeff buckley",
            "john lennon",
            "jason castro",
            "jennifer lopez"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db2011e7c41114004b4dac_s",
              "question": "Who says that achulita's extradition will never be forgotten?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jennifer Lopez",
                  "answer_start": 2
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who said it Archuletta's rendition is one that she will never forget?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1801_s",
          "context": ", but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education , associated with the new needs created by industrialization . The world 's first institution of technology . Another exception is the École Polytechnique , which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794 . In some cases , polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1745",
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            "1794",
            "1735",
            "today"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dda6db66d3e219004dac94_s",
              "question": "When was the \"kombi201; Cole Polytechnique\" project founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1794",
                  "answer_start": 318
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the École Polytechnique founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8177_s",
          "context": ", the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom , George III . Until 1817 , Princess Charlotte of Wales , was the only legitimate grandchild of George III . , a widowed German princess with two children -- 1872 -RRB- -- by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen . , Victoria , was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London .",
          "c_entity": [
            "george iii",
            "leopold",
            "edward",
            "charlotte",
            "feodora",
            "victoria of saxe-coburg-saalfeld",
            "duke of kent",
            "strathearn",
            "carl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723fd980ba9f01400d97b07_s",
              "question": "Who was the only grandson from George III to 1817?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Princess Charlotte of Wales",
                  "answer_start": 88
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the only grandchild of George iii until 1817?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4443_s",
          "context": "Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times . In 1918 he was brought to Omsk , Russia , as a prisoner of war . There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen ; he married her a year later . Pelagija bore him five children but only their son Žarko Leon -LRB- born 4 February , 1924 -RRB- survived . When Tito was jailed in 1928 , she returned to Russia . After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried .",
          "c_entity": [
            "omsk",
            "yugoslavia",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8275aaef2371900625e45_s",
              "question": "Where was Tito treated as a prisoner of war in Russia in 1918?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Omsk",
                  "answer_start": 91
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where in Russia was Tito brought as a prisoner of war in 1918?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8161_s",
          "context": ". In 1889 . By April 1900 . Instead , the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861 , in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war . In July , her second son Alfred -LRB- `` Affie '' -RRB- died ; `` Oh , God ! My poor darling Affie gone too '' , she wrote in her journal . `` It is a horrible year , nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "europe",
            "france",
            "britain",
            "spain",
            "ireland",
            "biarritz"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5723e3290dadf01500fa1f7a_s",
              "question": "Where did Victoria replace Spain during the Boer War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ireland",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Victoria visit instead of Spain during the Boer war?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12116_s",
          "context": "In the United States , botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version , but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin . Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book , and asked Gray to keep any profits . Gray managed to negotiate a 5 % royalty with Appleton 's of New York , who got their edition out in mid January 1860 , and the other two withdrew . , Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies .",
          "c_entity": [
            "year",
            "may",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278d495951b619008f8d47_s",
              "question": "When was the first American edition of origin of species published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mid January 1860",
                  "answer_start": 486
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first American edition of On the Origin of Species published?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9900_s",
          "context": ". Concerns over communist and foreign plots following the Ghadar Conspiracy ensured that war-time strictures were renewed by the Rowlatt Acts . This led to tension , particularly in the Punjab region . , and those who viewed it with revulsion . The subsequent Non-Co-Operation movement was called off in March 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident , and discontent continued to simmer for the next 25 years .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572684975951b619008f754b_s",
              "question": "Where did the Amritsar massacre take place?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Punjab",
                  "answer_start": 186
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what region was the Amritsar Massacre?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-489_s",
          "context": "Thomas Newman returned as Spectre 's composer . Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production , Newman worked during filming .",
          "c_entity": [
            "secret service",
            "john barry",
            "decca records",
            "thomas newman",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf54f0aab44d1400b89014_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the soundtrack of the film?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Newman",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who composed the score for the film?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11214_s",
          "context": "Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to , or in place of , prosaic ostensible meaning . Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse ; -LSB- a -RSB- prose is cast in sentences , poetry in lines ; the syntax of prose is dictated by meaning , whereas that of poetry is held across metre or the visual aspects of the poem . Prior to the nineteenth century , poetry was commonly understood to be something set in metrical lines ; accordingly . Possibly as a result of Aristotle 's influence -LRB- his Poetics -RRB- , `` poetry '' before the nineteenth century was usually less a technical designation for verse than a normative category of fictive or rhetorical art . As a form it may pre-date literacy , with the earliest works being composed within and sustained by an oral tradition ; hence it constitutes the earliest example of literature .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1658",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726be28f1498d1400e8e9df_s",
              "question": "When does poetry need lines and rhymes?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the nineteenth century",
                  "answer_start": 448
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Poetry was considered to need lines and meter until when?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13732_s",
          "context": "Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God , whereas Panentheism holds that God contains , but is not identical to , the Universe . It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church ; Theosophy ; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism , which believes in panentheism ; Sikhism ; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism , along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations . , Jewish mysticism , paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God -- which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism , particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov -- but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god , not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "baal shem tov",
            "kabbalah"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572c010e750c471900ed4c71_s",
              "question": "Who was the founder of hashid Judaism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The Baal Shem Tov",
                  "answer_start": 575
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7445_s",
          "context": "Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues . It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography . The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth , who named the new element after the planet Uranus . , the first nuclear weapon used in war . An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239 . The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety . See Nuclear proliferation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "lise meitner",
            "martin heinrich klaproth",
            "otto hahn",
            "enrico fermi",
            "henri becquerel",
            "j. robert oppenheimer",
            "eugène-melchior péligot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e39bc0b85d914000d7daa_s",
              "question": "Who found uranium in the mixture?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
                  "answer_start": 227
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12349_s",
          "context": ", who summarized the amount of consensus and genetic relation to the Urtext of the Hebrew Bible , concluded that major divergences which intrinsically affect the sense are extremely rare . As far as the Hebrew Bible referenced by Old Testament is concerned , almost all of the textual variants are fairly insignificant and hardly affect any doctrine . Professor Douglas Stuart states : `` It is fair to say that the verses , chapters , and books of the Bible would read largely the same , and would leave the same impression with the reader , even if one adopted virtually every possible alternative reading to those now serving as the basis for current English translations . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "shemaryahu talmon",
            "douglas stuart"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727a7474b864d190016398a_s",
              "question": "Who says the Old Testament is the same in all variants?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Professor Douglas Stuart",
                  "answer_start": 352
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claims that the Old Testament is essentially the same throughout all variations?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5632_s",
          "context": "Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges . This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the `` spring overshoot '' in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended . Certain areas , because of their location , have become famous as watchpoints for such birds . , and Spurn in England .",
          "c_entity": [
            "england",
            "canada",
            "point pelee national park"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5706bbd02eaba6190074acb7_s",
              "question": "Where else is famous for jumping?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Spurn in England",
                  "answer_start": 360
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What other location is famous for spring overshoot?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10897_s",
          "context": "The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832 . Following Sturgeon 's work , which he patented in 1837 . The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute , and powered machine tools and a printing press . Due to the high cost of primary battery power . Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues . No electricity distribution had been developed at the time . Like Sturgeon 's motor , there was no practical commercial market for these motors .",
          "c_entity": [
            "thomas davenport",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726a45cdd62a815002e8bc6_s",
              "question": "Who invented the first electric motor that could be used in a machine?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Sturgeon",
                  "answer_start": 106
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the first mnotor capable of being used for machinery?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13466_s",
          "context": "Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city ; with over 3,400 acres -LRB- 14 km2 -RRB- of land . The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses , walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals . Pippy Park is also home to the Fluvarium .",
          "c_entity": [
            "labrador",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572821c33acd2414000df53f_s",
              "question": "Where is fluorouracil?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Pippy Park",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Fluvarium located?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14257_s",
          "context": "In Apollo 's role as a healer , his appellations included Acesius -LRB- / əˈsiːʒəs / ə-SEE-zhəs ; Ἀκέσιος , Akesios , from ἄκεσις , `` healing '' -RRB- , Acestor -LRB- / əˈsɛstər / ə-SES-tər ; Ἀκέστωρ , Akestōr , literally `` healer '' -RRB- , Paean -LRB- / ˈpiːən / PEE-ən ; Παιάν , Paiān , from παίειν , `` to touch '' -RRB- , -LSB- citation needed -RSB- and Iatrus -LRB- / aɪˈætrəs / eye-AT-rəs ; Ἰατρός , Iātros , literally `` physician '' -RRB- . Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in Elis , where he had a temple in the agora . The Romans referred to Apollo as Medicus -LRB- / ˈmɛdᵻkəs / MED-i-kəs ; literally `` physician '' in Latin -RRB- in this respect . , probably next to the temple of Bellona .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728ba1f2ca10214002da693_s",
              "question": "Where did Apollo have a temple in Agra?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elis",
                  "answer_start": 500
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did Apollo have a temple in the agora?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9502_s",
          "context": ", who was born when his father . Before the 2008 election . James Hillhouse , a New Haven native , served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1801 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dick cheney",
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            "george h. w. bush",
            "john c. calhoun",
            "bill clinton"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57278c0ddd62a815002e9ffe_s",
              "question": "Who was the interim president of the Senate in New Haven in 1801?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "James Hillhouse",
                  "answer_start": 60
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the President pro tempore of the Senate in 1801 that was native to New Haven?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18641_s",
          "context": ", founded in 1971 , exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet -LRB- 1,000 m2 -RRB- of galleries . Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx . Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art , primarily by artists from Africa , Asia and Latin America , including paintings , photographs , prints , drawings , and mixed media . The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bronx museum of the arts",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573269d2b9d445190005eb07_s",
              "question": "Who designed the 2006 expansion of the Bronx Museum of art?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arquitectonica",
                  "answer_start": 539
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18302_s",
          "context": "In the United States and elsewhere in the world , there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations , especially those that are more exclusively evangelical , and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches . In the post -- World War I era , Liberal Christianity was on the rise , and a considerable number of seminaries held and taught from a liberal perspective as well . In the post -- World War II era .",
          "c_entity": [
            "united states",
            "america"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731db10e99e3014001e634c_s",
              "question": "Where does evangelical Protestantism increase?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "In the United States and elsewhere in the world",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where has there been a rise in evangelical Protestantism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8152_s",
          "context": "On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was \"worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved\".",
          "c_entity": [
            "2 march 1882"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57257f9969ff041400e58e15_s",
              "question": "When did McLean shoot Victoria?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2 March 1882",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Maclean attempt to shoot Victoria?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8148_s",
          "context": "Victoria married her first cousin , Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent , tying them together and earning her the sobriquet `` the grandmother of Europe '' . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances . As a result of her seclusion , republicanism temporarily gained strength , but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered . Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1840",
            "1861"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572413c70ba9f01400d97b6c_s",
              "question": "When did Prince Albert die?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1861",
                  "answer_start": 267
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year did Prince Albert die?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15483_s",
          "context": ", 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian , Latin and Maronite minorities . 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964 . In 2008 . Due to his involvement in the 2012 -- 13 Cypriot financial crisis . The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48 % of the vote . As a result , Anastasiades was sworn in on and has been President since 28 February 2013 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "dimitris christofias",
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            "nicos anastasiades",
            "edek",
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            "house of representatives"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e9939c246551400ce43b8_s",
              "question": "Who is the current president of Cyprus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nicos Anastasiades",
                  "answer_start": 357
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current president of Cyprus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15776_s",
          "context": ". In 1962 the red helium -- neon laser was invented , and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography , and in education . Red helium -- neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players . The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players , which use a 660 nm laser diode technology . , red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers . Portable , high-powered versions are also available for various applications . , 671 nm diode-pumped solid state -LRB- DPSS -RRB- lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems , particle image velocimetry , Raman spectroscopy , and holography .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1960",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573140efa5e9cc1400cdbdc8_s",
              "question": "When did the red He-Ne laser appear?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 5
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did a red helium-neon laser come to be?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15705_s",
          "context": "Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England . , Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America . The population of the Charleston metropolitan area , comprising Berkeley , Charleston , and Dorchester Counties -- the third-largest in the state -- and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1783",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e898bc246551400ce42f8_s",
              "question": "When was Charleston founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1670",
                  "answer_start": 11
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Charleston founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18193_s",
          "context": "After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD , Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats , who were later persecuted and killed . From that point on , Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution . During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century , `` contemporaries were predisposed to decode any crisis in religious terms '' , regardless of their allegiance to particular practices or belief systems . Christianity drew its traditional base of support from the powerless , and therefore threatened its existence . The majority of Rome 's elite continued to observe various forms of inclusive Hellenistic monism ; Neoplatonism in particular accommodated the miraculous and the ascetic within a traditional Graeco-Roman cultic framework . Christians saw these ungodly practices as a primary cause of economic and political crisis .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "nero"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573222f30fdd8d15006c67ec_s",
              "question": "Who accused Christians of lighting the fire?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Emperor Nero",
                  "answer_start": 40
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who made the accusation that the Christians had started the Great Fire?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-567_s",
          "context": "The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19 , 2008 . It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader . At 14:28 CST on May 19 , 2008 , a week after the earthquake , the Chinese public held a moment of silence . People stood silent for three minutes while air defense , police and fire sirens , and the horns of vehicles , vessels and trains sounded . Cars and trucks on Beijing 's roads also came to a halt . People spontaneously burst into cheering `` Zhongguo jiayou ! '' -LRB- Let 's go , China ! -RRB- and `` Sichuan jiayou '' -LRB- Let 's go , Sichuan ! -RRB- afterwards .",
          "c_entity": [
            "state council",
            "mao zedong",
            "macau special administrative regions"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cede78aab44d1400b88b7c_s",
              "question": "Who explained the time of mourning?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "The State Council",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who declared the mourning period?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3806_s",
          "context": "The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family , which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century . According to 14th century historiography -LRB- Cronica de Berno , 1309 -RRB- , Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zähringen",
            "upper burgundy"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8630337bdd419002c44d8_s",
              "question": "Where did the zalinger family come to power?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Upper Burgundy",
                  "answer_start": 90
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-734_s",
          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . Since 1990 , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown of Monroeville , Alabama .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006",
            "1962",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88559_s",
              "question": "When did a piece of the book begin to play in Monroeville, Alabama?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1990",
                  "answer_start": 506
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did a play for the book begin to perform every year in Monroeville, Alabama?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2016_s",
          "context": "At various times , there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests . Though clerics , they were inaccurately called `` lay cardinals '' and were permitted to marry . Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals . With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV , only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals . Since the time of Pope John XXIII a priest who is appointed a cardinal must be consecrated a bishop , unless he obtains a dispensation .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1917",
            "1899"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56defedf3277331400b4d871_s",
              "question": "When was Pope Benedict 15. Review the rules?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1917",
                  "answer_start": 361
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14550_s",
          "context": ", tooth -RRB- . German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746 . Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron -LRB- hot-dip galvanizing -RRB- is the major application for zinc . Other applications are in batteries , small non-structural castings , and alloys , such as brass . A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used , such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate -LRB- as dietary supplements -RRB- , zinc chloride -LRB- in deodorants -RRB- , zinc pyrithione -LRB- anti-dandruff shampoos -RRB- , zinc sulfide -LRB- in luminescent paints -RRB- , and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory .",
          "c_entity": [
            "zinke",
            "alessandro volta",
            "luigi galvani",
            "andreas sigismund marggraf",
            "paracelsus"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57296f966aef051400154ea4_s",
              "question": "Who thinks they found zinc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Andreas Sigismund Marggraf",
                  "answer_start": 31
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is credited with discovering zinc?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18006_s",
          "context": "Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1970"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5731bcdfe17f3d1400422360_s",
              "question": "When was Aswan Valley built?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1970",
                  "answer_start": 257
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Aswan High Dam completed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15736_s",
          "context": "As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture , the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston , especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music . In turn , the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country . , as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s . , which was a popular dance in the years before `` The Charleston '' , was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith .",
          "c_entity": [
            "james p. johnson",
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            "ballin",
            "chris smith"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730437cb2c2fd1400568b25_s",
              "question": "Who wrote Charleston?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Chris Smith",
                  "answer_start": 458
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who wrote the \"Charleston\"?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18841_s",
          "context": ", that stood in Durbar Square . In Sanskrit / मण्डप -RRB- means `` covered shelter '' . This temple , also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language , was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla . The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood , and used no iron nails nor supports . According to legend , all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree . The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "laxmi narsingh malla",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57359c97e853931400426a41_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the construction of the temple of kasamandepu?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "King Laxmi Narsingh Malla",
                  "answer_start": 172
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2074_s",
          "context": "Vehicles typically include headlamps and tail lights. Headlamps are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle, designed to illuminate the upcoming road and to make the vehicle more visible. Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps. Tail and brake lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers. White rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vehicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction. In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56df82b856340a1900b29ca4_s",
              "question": "When did automobile manufacturers start to use electroluminescent technology to use light measuring equipment?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "late 1950s",
                  "answer_start": 775
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5159_s",
          "context": "On 15 October 1969 , while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod . His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 -LRB- the day after his funeral -RRB- -- essentially a bloodless takeover . The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre , who at the time commanded the army .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mohamed siad barre",
            "somali army",
            "abdirashid ali shermarke"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa09148f12f319006300ac_s",
              "question": "Who was the commander of the army at the time of the coup?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Mohamed Siad Barre",
                  "answer_start": 281
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6469_s",
          "context": ", the county became increasingly urbanised , particularly the southern part . To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness , Blackburn , Bolton , Bootle , Burnley , Bury , Liverpool , Manchester , Oldham , Preston , Rochdale , Salford , Southport -LRB- 1905 -RRB- . The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions . The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated , with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs -- Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county , between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1904",
            "1905",
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            "1900"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570ad7de4103511400d59a7f_s",
              "question": "When did Nangang increase?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1905",
                  "answer_start": 261
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Southport added?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6454_s",
          "context": "The Air Commerce Act of May 20 , 1926 , is the cornerstone of the federal government 's regulation of civil aviation . This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry , whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain safety standards . The Act charged the Secretary of Commerce with fostering air commerce , issuing and enforcing air traffic rules , licensing pilots , certifying aircraft , establishing airways , and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "570aa95e4103511400d598e8_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the operation and maintenance of AIDS to navigation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Secretary of Commerce",
                  "answer_start": 365
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for operating and maintaining aids to air navigation?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9914_s",
          "context": ", but which collapsed following the loss of its two largest members . , but Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos Islands opted to revert to British rule after they had already started on the path to independence . The British Virgin Islands , Cayman Islands and Montserrat opted to retain ties with Britain , while Guyana achieved independence in 1966 . Britain 's last colony on the American mainland , British Honduras . A dispute with Guatemala over claims to Belize was left unresolved .",
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            {
              "id": "57268f475951b619008f7693_s",
              "question": "When will Barbados become independent?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1966",
                  "answer_start": 344
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Barbados get independence?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12943_s",
          "context": ". The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music , `` Detroit techno '' . Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes . Prominent Detroit techno artists include Juan Atkins , Derrick May , and Kevin Saunderson . The Detroit Electronic Music Festival , now known as `` Movement '' , occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend , and takes place in Hart Plaza . In the early years -LRB- 2000-2002 -RRB- , this was a landmark event , boasting over a million estimated attendees annually , coming from all over the world to celebrate Techno music in the city of its birth .",
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            {
              "id": "5728cbea3acd2414000dfeaf_s",
              "question": "Where does \"Sport\" happen?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Hart Plaza",
                  "answer_start": 405
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does \"Movement\" take place?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9217_s",
          "context": "This time they succeeded , and on 31 December 1600 , the Queen granted a Royal Charter to `` George , Earl of Cumberland , and 215 Knights , Aldermen , and Burgesses '' under the name . For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan . General William Keeling , a captain during the second voyage , led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610 .",
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          "qas": [
            {
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              "question": "Who led the third trip?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "General William Keeling",
                  "answer_start": 368
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the third voyage?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18650_s",
          "context": ", The Bronx is another film that used the Bronx 's gritty image for its storyline . The movie 's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx which was nicknamed `` Fort Apache '' . Knights of the South Bronx , a true story of a teacher who worked with disadvantaged children , is another film also set in the Bronx released in 2005 . , an Italian B-movie best known for its appearance on the television series Mystery Science Theatre 3000 . The plot revolves around a sinister construction corporation 's plans to depopulate , destroy and redevelop the Bronx , and a band of rebels who are out to expose the corporation 's murderous ways and save their homes . The film is memorable for its almost incessant use of the phrase , `` Leave the Bronx ! '' Many of the movie 's scenes were filmed in Queens , substituting as the Bronx . , another which popularised the Bronx to international audiences . Last Bronx , where crime and gang warfare is rampant .",
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          "qas": [
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              "question": "When was Fuga darbronx published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2005",
                  "answer_start": 358
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'Fuga dal Bronx' released?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14399_s",
          "context": ": `` When one is serving officially or in the master 's court , he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people , but should consider only the importance of the master . '' , war , eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery , fierce family pride , and selfless , at times senseless devotion of master and man '' . Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa -LRB- 1350 : `` It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by ... First , a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame , but also that of his descendants . He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear ... One 's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general . It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one 's descendants . ''",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "5728f34c4b864d190016510f_s",
              "question": "When was Yoshima born?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1350",
                  "answer_start": 364
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Shiba Yoshimasa born?"
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3651_s",
          "context": "In 1989 , Linda Ronstadt released Cry Like a Rainstorm , Howl Like the Wind , featuring American soul singer Aaron Neville on several of the twelve tracks . The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe . The Grammy Award-winning singles , `` Do n't Know Much '' and `` All My Life '' , were both long-running # 1 Adult Contemporary hits . Several additional singles from the disc made the AC Top 10 as well . The album won over many critics in the need to define AC .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56e6cc5d6fe0821900b8eb7f_s",
              "question": "When was this album released?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 3
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              ],
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              "original_question": "In what year was the album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind released?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11903_s",
          "context": ", following the Treaty of St. Omer , Upper Alsace was sold by Archduke Sigismund of Austria to Charles the Bold , Duke of Burgundy . Although Charles was the nominal landlord , taxes were paid to Frederick III , Holy Roman Emperor . The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace -LRB- apart from the free towns , who were also rulers of the empire . The town of Mulhouse joined the Swiss Confederation in 1515 .",
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            {
              "id": "572783a4f1498d1400e8fa5c_s",
              "question": "When did muhaus join the Swiss Confederation?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1515",
                  "answer_start": 478
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Mulhouse join the Swiss Confederation?"
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        {
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          "context": ", by Corporate Library , an independent shareholder-research organization . According to Corporate Library , and a third of the directors were over 70 years of age . According to the Wall Street Journal nearly two-thirds of the flights of Comcast 's $ 40 million corporate jet purchased for business travel related to the NBCU acquisition , were to CEO Brian Roberts ' private homes or to resorts .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57271bf2dd62a815002e9917_s",
              "question": "When the company library issued this note, did it find that one third of Comcast's board was old?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "over 70 years of age",
                  "answer_start": 143
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In issuing the grade, the Corporate Library found that a third of Comcast's board was how old?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13365_s",
          "context": "Pope Saint John XXIII -LRB- Latin : Ioannes XXIII ; Italian : Giovanni XXIII -RRB- born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , -LSB- a -RSB- Italian pronunciation : -LSB- ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli -RSB- ; 25 November 1881 . Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy . , including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria , Greece and Turkey .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "5727f0e92ca10214002d9a0f_s",
              "question": "When did Pope John 23 become. Birth?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "25 November 1881",
                  "answer_start": 196
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Pope Saint John XXIII born?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4458_s",
          "context": "The decorations were seldom displayed , however . After the Tito , Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function , and then -LRB- with rare exception -RRB- only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons . The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980 . Tito 's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II , was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition .",
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "56f83ffaaef2371900625f4c_s",
              "question": "Who is the founder of unrestricted movement?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Tito",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8046_s",
          "context": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health . The report found that over the period 1946-1955 , there was a 42 % drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20 % drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective . The report concluded that `` it appears that the use of antibiotics , early diagnosis , and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred '' . The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy -LRB- syphilis , tuberculosis , dysentery , scarlet fever , whooping cough , meningococcal infections , and pneumonia -RRB- , and found a 56 % decline over the same period . Notable among these was a 75 % decline in deaths due to tuberculosis .",
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              "id": "571abee110f8ca1400305338_s",
              "question": "When was the 1958 report published?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1946-1955",
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              "original_question": "What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?"
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          "context": ", held on April 11 , began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur . , Carlos Espínola . , the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini . The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo . The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests , which included a giant banner reading `` Free Tibet '' , and an alternative `` human rights torch '' that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take . Most of these protests were peaceful in nature , and the torch was not impeded . Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games , but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups . Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week . People showered the parade route with confetti as banks , government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame 's five-continent journey .",
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              "question": "Where do you think it's the opening ceremony of the relay race?",
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              "original_question": "What place held an opening show for the relay?"
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          "context": "Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as \"the saddest thing\" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.",
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              "question": "Where was Beyonce pregnant?",
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              "original_question": "Where did Beyonce become pregnant?"
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          "context": ", also from Vienna . In a letter to Hayek in 1944 , `` I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker , except perhaps Alfred Tarski . '' , 2000 -RRB- . For his part , Hayek dedicated a collection of papers , Studies in Philosophy , Politics , and Economics , in 1982 , I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology '' . Their friendship and mutual admiration , however , do not change the fact that there are important differences between their ideas .",
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              "question": "Who is the only exception to Hayek's claim to learn more than pop?",
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                  "text": "Alfred Tarski",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the only exception from whom Hayek claims to have learned more than he did from Popper?"
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          "context": "Following his triumph , Napoleon imposed the first elements of the Continental System through the Berlin Decree issued in November 1806 . The Continental System , which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain , was widely violated throughout his reign . After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides . , however , Napoleon finally obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland , wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle . The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French . , Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon . The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe . On that basis , the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen . The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated : `` I hate the English as much as you do . ''",
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              "question": "When was the Berlin statute enacted?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "When was the Berlin Decree issued?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18725_s",
          "context": "In 1566 , the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited . , most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions . , the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil , because of the French invasion of Portugal . King João VI established the `` Intendência Geral de Polícia '' -LRB- General Police Intendancy -RRB- for investigations . , after independence , each province started organizing its local `` military police '' , with order maintenance tasks .",
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              "question": "When did Rio find his first investigator?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1566",
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              "original_question": "When did Rio get its first police investigator?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8646_s",
          "context": "There are also other types of museums in the city . , located in the Centro , their horse gear , silver work and mate -LRB- tea -RRB- , gourds , and bombillas -LRB- drinking straws -RRB- in odd designs . The Museo Naval . The Museo del Automóvil , has a rich collection of vintage cars which includes a 1910 Hupmobile . The Museo y Parque Fernando García in Carrasco , a transport and automobile museum , includes old horse carriages and some early automobiles . The Castillo Pittamiglio , with an unusual façade , highlights the eccentric legacy of Humberto Pittamiglio , local alchemist and architect .",
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              "question": "Where is the monada gallery?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the Centro",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is the Museo de Guacho y de la Moneda located?"
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    {
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1461_s",
          "context": "China : In China . A call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12 , accusing the company 's major shareholder , the LVMH Group , of donating funds to the Dalai Lama . There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products . According to the Washington Times on April 15 , however , the Chinese government was attempting to `` calm the situation '' through censorship : `` All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted . '' Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming , Hefei and Wuhan , accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism . Some burned French flags , some added Nazism 's Swastika to the French flag , and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy . The Carrefour boycott was met with anti-boycott demonstrators who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming , only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles . , Wuhan , Hefei , Kunming and Qingdao .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "Who is Carrefour's largest shareholder?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "the LVMH Group",
                  "answer_start": 240
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who was the biggest shareholder of Carrefour?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10563_s",
          "context": ", the biggest victory against that empire in decades . This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims , who came from Italy predicating Holy War . The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory . However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos . In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages , Matthias , was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility . For the first time , a member of an aristocratic family -LRB- and not from a royal family -RRB- was crowned .",
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              "question": "Who among the Hungarian nobles was elected king of Hungary?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Matthias",
                  "answer_start": 404
                }
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              "original_question": "Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9157_s",
          "context": "The Muslim minority in Thrace, which amounts to approximately 0.95% of the total population, consists of speakers of Turkish, Bulgarian (Pomaks) and Romani. Romani is also spoken by Christian Roma in other parts of the country. Further minority languages have traditionally been spoken by regional population groups in various parts of the country. Their use has decreased radically in the course of the 20th century through assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority. Today they are only maintained by the older generations and are on the verge of extinction. This goes for the Arvanites, an Albanian-speaking group mostly located in the rural areas around the capital Athens, and for the Aromanians and Moglenites, also known as Vlachs, whose language is closely related to Romanian and who used to live scattered across several areas of mountainous central Greece. Members of these groups ethnically identify as Greeks and are today all at least bilingual in Greek.",
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              "id": "57266c21f1498d1400e8df4c_s",
              "question": "Who said Romani in some parts of the country?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Christian Roma",
                  "answer_start": 182
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In parts of the country, Romani is spoken by who?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5782_s",
          "context": "Deep house 's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers 's relatively jazzy , soulful recordings `` Mystery of Love '' -LRB- 1985 -RRB- and `` Can You Feel It ? '' . According to author Richie Unterberger , it moved house music away from its `` posthuman tendencies back towards the lush '' soulful sound of early disco music .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1986",
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57069c2652bb891400689adc_s",
              "question": "When was Mr. finger's secret of love published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 136
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "when was mr. fingers' \"mystery of love\" released? "
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-559_s",
          "context": "On May 12 , 2009 . The government also opened access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat for three days , after which it will be frozen in time as a state earthquake relic museum , to remind people of the terrible disaster . There were also several concerts across the country to raise money for the survivors of the quake .",
          "c_entity": [
            "china",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cecd53aab44d1400b88a89_s",
              "question": "Where is the government open?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the government open access to?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8241_s",
          "context": "In 1260 , control passed to the Mamluk sultans of Egypt . The country was located between the two centres of Mamluk power , Cairo and Damascus , and only saw some development along the postal road connecting the two cities . Jerusalem , also saw a flurry of new construction projects centred around the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound -LRB- the Temple Mount -RRB- .",
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            {
              "id": "5725b679ec44d21400f3d431_s",
              "question": "When did Egypt's Mamluk Sultan take over?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1260",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was control passed to the Mamluk sultans of Egypt?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18447_s",
          "context": "Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years , the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation , led them to victory over Bel of Babylon . Today , with a population of 3.5 million , they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia , but also in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh . Armenians in the diaspora informally refer to them as Hayastantsis -LRB- Հայաստանցի -RRB- , meaning those that are from Armenia -LRB- that is , those born and raised in Armenia -RRB- . They , as well as the Armenians of Iran and Russia speak the Eastern dialect of the Armenian language . The country itself is secular as a result of Soviet domination , but most of its citizens identify themselves as Apostolic Armenian Christian .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bel of babylon",
            "hayk"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732288cb9d445190005e85d_s",
              "question": "Who did heck beat?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Bel of Babylon",
                  "answer_start": 178
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Hayk defeat?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3701_s",
          "context": "Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550 . The already-old expression `` robbing Peter to pay Paul '' may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey , which is dedicated to Saint Peter , was diverted to the treasury of St Paul 's Cathedral .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1550",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e8de4b99e8941900975ee1_s",
              "question": "When did the parish of Westminster dissolve?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1550",
                  "answer_start": 37
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17532_s",
          "context": "In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution . ; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration . As a consequence of the referendum , separation occurred in two stages . , recognised Tuvalu as a separate British dependency with its own government .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "1 october 1975"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5730d756b7151e1900c0156c_s",
              "question": "When was a referendum held to decide Ellis's government?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 1974",
                  "answer_start": 157
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was a referendum held to determine the government of Ellice?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6385_s",
          "context": "Everton 's biggest rivalry is with neighbours Liverpool , against whom they contest the Merseyside derby . The Merseyside derby is usually a sellout fixture , and has been known as the `` friendly derby '' because both sets of fans can often be seen side by side red and blue inside the stadium both at Anfield and Goodison Park . , matches tend to be extremely stormy affairs ; the derby has had more red cards than any other fixture in Premiership history . The rivalry stems from an internal dispute between Everton officials and the owners of Anfield , which was then Everton 's home ground , resulting in Everton moving to Goodison Park , and the subsequent formation of Liverpool F.C. , in 1892 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a8c064103511400d59840_s",
              "question": "When was Liverpool Football Club founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1892",
                  "answer_start": 696
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was the Liverpool Football Club established?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-123_s",
          "context": "Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols . The state tree , the ponderosa pine . However , the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949 , when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs , with the support of the state forester , lobbied for formal recognition . Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird . Similarly , and after 74 animals were nominated , the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2 -- 1 margin .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1949",
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            "1981",
            "1985",
            "1908",
            "1931"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733d7164776f4190066132f_s",
              "question": "When is the state tree actually allocated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1949",
                  "answer_start": 187
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the state tree actually assigned?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8061_s",
          "context": "Drug discovery and development is very expensive ; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards , who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries . , or 21 in total , which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008 . On the other hand , there were only 18 approvals in total in 2007 and 22 back in 2006 . Since 2001 , the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research has averaged 22.9 approvals a year . This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials , as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring . Drugs which fail part-way through this process often incur large costs , while generating no revenue in return . If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account , the cost of developing a successful new drug -LRB- new chemical entity , or NCE -RRB- , has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD -LRB- not including marketing expenses -RRB- . , however , that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571ae4719499d21900609b8f_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the approval or rejection of new drugs?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Center for Drug Evaluation and Research",
                  "answer_start": 468
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is responsible for approval or rejection of new drugs?"
            }
          ]
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      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16866_s",
          "context": "Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state , enforcing and entrenching his powers . His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler . Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger . , Caesar 's lieutenant , condemned Caesar 's assassination , and war broke out between the two factions . , and Caesar 's adopted son and chosen heir , was entrusted with the command of the war against him . , who were both killed .",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686db_s",
              "question": "Who is considered the main figure of the Roman state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Caesar",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18058_s",
          "context": "The great Navicella mosaic -LRB- 1305 -- 1313 -RRB- in the atrium of the Old St. Peter 's is attributed to Giotto di Bondone . The giant mosaic , was originally situated on the eastern porch of the old basilica and occupied the whole wall above the entrance arcade facing the courtyard . This extraordinary work was mainly destroyed during the construction of the new St. Peter 's in the 17th century . , and whose sail , filled by the storm , loomed over the horizon . Such a natural representation of a seascape was known only from ancient works of art .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57316811e6313a140071cefc_s",
              "question": "Who created the navisera mosaic at St. Peter's?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Giotto di Bondone",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who created the Navicella mosaic in the Old St. Peter's church?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1281_s",
          "context": ", beating Clay Aiken by a small margin . Out of a total of 24 million votes . This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through . In an interview prior to season five .",
          "c_entity": [
            "nigel lythgoe",
            "ruben studdard",
            "clay aiken"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db09ace7c41114004b4cab_s",
              "question": "Who told Nigel litgo that he was the fan's favorite for most of the season?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Clay Aiken",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Nigel Lythgoe say was a fan favorite for the majority of the season?"
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          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3443_s",
          "context": ", documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements , with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080 . Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance .",
          "c_entity": [
            "the 11th century",
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            "1080"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e12f03e3433e1400422c97_s",
              "question": "When did the text begin to appear in the novel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "by 1080",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did texts begin to appear solely in Romance?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7108_s",
          "context": "In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1985"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570d0581b3d812140066d39d_s",
              "question": "When was desktop publishing first used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1985",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the activity of desktop publishing first used?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5940_s",
          "context": ", 1837 . The city was named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles -LRB- 40 km -RRB- east of where the city was established . The burgeoning port and railroad industry , combined with oil discovery in 1901 , has induced continual surges in the city 's population . In the mid-twentieth century -- the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "johnson space center",
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            "texas medical center",
            "allen"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570a898d4103511400d59837_s",
              "question": "Who is Houston named after?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sam Houston",
                  "answer_start": 49
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "For whom was Houston named?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2114_s",
          "context": "Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States . Under the nondelegation doctrine , Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency . In this vein , by powers vested in the government by the Constitution .",
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            "congress",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56de37794396321400ee26ac_s",
              "question": "Who has the sole power to pass laws in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Congress",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14416_s",
          "context": "? -- 1623 ? -RRB- . Today . , Yayousu -LRB- 耶楊子 -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "adams",
            "yaesu",
            "jan joosten van lodensteijn",
            "batavia joosten",
            "yayousu",
            "joostens",
            "tokugawa ieyasu"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb5_s",
              "question": "Who is Jan Jousten van lodenstein, whose name is Japan?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Yayousu",
                  "answer_start": 30
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn's Japanese name?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1642_s",
          "context": "The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that \"the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels\".",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdc_s",
              "question": "When did the financial crisis Investigation Commission release its findings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 2011",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1319_s",
          "context": ". , and that was Jermaine Jones . However , on March 14 , Jones was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants . Jones denied the accusation that he concealed his arrests .",
          "c_entity": [
            "march 14",
            "january 18, 2012",
            "february 23",
            "top 25"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56db2a39e7c41114004b4e87_s",
              "question": "When was Jones removed from the show?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "March 14",
                  "answer_start": 47
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was Jones removed from the show?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14865_s",
          "context": "In 1932 . The nearly decade long deflationary depression in Britain dating from Churchill 's decision in 1925 to return Britain to the gold standard at the old pre-war , and their economic disagreements were fundamentally theoretical , having to do almost exclusively with the relation of the economics of extending the length of production to the economics of labour inputs .",
          "c_entity": [
            "times",
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            "churchill",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572a8d8e111d821400f38bec_s",
              "question": "Who is responsible for the reuse of gold as a standard currency in the UK?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Churchill",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was responsible for England's return to the use of gold as standard currency?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11827_s",
          "context": ", he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states , which `` conducted surveys of the racial composition of federal employees and tax-supported contractors '' . : 50 -- 51 The committee , chaired by Vice President Richard Nixon , had minimal outcomes in that they imposed the contractors with the primary responsibility of desegregation within their own companies and corporations. : 51",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
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              "id": "57272f7e708984140094dab7_s",
              "question": "Who is the chairman of the new committee?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Vice President Richard Nixon",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the chairman of the newly established committee?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5856_s",
          "context": ", led by Colonel Cottret . By the middle of 1866 , the state of Chihuahua was declared free of enemy control ; Parral was the last French stronghold within the state . On June 17 , 1866 , 1866 . During his two years in the state of Chihuahua . The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War , which was deployed to fight in the battle of Matamoros , Tamaulipas against the French . After a series of major defeats and an escalating threat from Prussia , France began pulling troops out of Mexico in late 1866 . , the Mexican conservatives abandoned him , and in 1867 the last of the Emperor 's forces were defeated . ; despite national and international pleas for amnesty . , 1867 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570718049e06ca38007e9410_s",
              "question": "Who leads the French army?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Colonel Cottret",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who had been leading the French forces?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8201_s",
          "context": "In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant versions: \"Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and deifying rationalism.\"",
          "c_entity": [
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572506730a492a19004356c3_s",
              "question": "When did the Greek Orthodox Church declare itself a member of the Freemasonry and an apostle?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1933",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Orthodox Church of Greece proclaim being a Freemason was an act of apostacy?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7041_s",
          "context": "-- `` anger and ill-will '' . From Henry II onwards , ira et malevolentia had come to describe the right of the king to express his anger and displeasure at particular barons or clergy -- royal ill-will . , suffering the king 's ill-will meant difficulties in obtaining grants , honours or petitions ; Henry II had infamously expressed his fury and ill-will towards Thomas Becket ; this ultimately resulted in Becket 's death . , which made the threat of royal anger all the more serious .",
          "c_entity": [
            "norman",
            "angevin",
            "john",
            "henry ii",
            "thomas becket"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570c5881b3d812140066d169_s",
              "question": "Who is Henry II? Showing his anger and evil will?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Thomas Becket",
                  "answer_start": 366
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-533_s",
          "context": "Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: \"If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces.\"",
          "c_entity": [
            "1976"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d538bc2593cc1400307aee_s",
              "question": "When did China formulate the code for seismic design of buildings?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1976",
                  "answer_start": 265
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did China create a seismic design code for building?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4932_s",
          "context": "By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over \"the eastern question,\" Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms, he believed. If the Ottoman Empire had been a sick man, then:",
          "c_entity": [
            "arnold j. toynbee"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8f3eb9e9bad19000a076e_s",
              "question": "Who is Hegel's historian of civilization?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Arnold J. Toynbee",
                  "answer_start": 152
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the Hegelesque historian of civilization?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15450_s",
          "context": "International reactions to Gaddafi 's death were divided . Contrastingly , Gaddafi would `` enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations '' , a revolutionary and a martyr . '' Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news , praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance . Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa , for instance , a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone . , Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship , and that he was `` a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa . '' The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi , this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was `` martyr or villain . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "nelson mandela",
            "african national congress",
            "barack obama",
            "fidel castro",
            "david cameron",
            "hugo chávez",
            "daily times of nigeria",
            "gaddafi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fc_s",
              "question": "Who noticed Gaddafi's rejection of apartheid?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nelson Mandela",
                  "answer_start": 193
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-258_s",
          "context": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1895"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56cf5284aab44d1400b88fca_s",
              "question": "When was Chopin's first record made?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1895",
                  "answer_start": 145
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the earliest Chopin recording created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8033_s",
          "context": "By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered , setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs . The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock , and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance . , which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt . Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state . Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks , and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 -LRB- Primatene Mist -RRB- . By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion .",
          "c_entity": [
            "parke davis",
            "johns hopkins university",
            "john abel",
            "jokichi takamine"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571a79d910f8ca1400305087_s",
              "question": "Who invented the way to inject adrenaline?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Jokichi Takamine",
                  "answer_start": 621
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who developed the method to get epinephrine in it's pure form?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7210_s",
          "context": "Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts , many of which were used to write Sanskrit . Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi , Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent . Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries , the Gupta script , derived from Brahmi , became prevalent . Around the eighth century , the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script . , with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script . , the Bengali alphabet , and , later , the Odia alphabet , were used .",
          "c_entity": [
            "devanagari",
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            "brahmi"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570e2a730dc6ce1900204e26_s",
              "question": "Where does Gupta come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Brahmi",
                  "answer_start": 0
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "From what was Gupta derived?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1602_s",
          "context": ", sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for `` unfair business practices '' and `` false advertising '' was making high cost mortgages `` to homeowners with weak credit , adjustable rate mortgages -LRB- ARMs -RRB- that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments '' . When housing prices decreased , homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments , since their home equity had disappeared .",
          "c_entity": [
            "office of thrift supervision",
            "countrywide",
            "jerry brown"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57333da94776f419006607be_s",
              "question": "Who accuses unfair business practices and false advertisements all over the country?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "California Attorney General Jerry Brown",
                  "answer_start": 10
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9892_s",
          "context": ", which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada , as a solution to political unrest there . , which created the Province of Canada . , and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies . With the passage of the British North America Act , Upper and Lower Canada , New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada , a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations . Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900 .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57267b4add62a815002e86a0_s",
              "question": "When will New Zealand achieve autonomy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "after 1900",
                  "answer_start": 544
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did New Zealand achieve self-government?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12573_s",
          "context": "The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford , in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide . The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265 , the brethren , in keeping with their devotion to study , began erecting a school . Actually , the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival , as priories were legally schools . Information about the schools of the English Province is limited , but a few facts are known . Much of the information available is taken from visitation records . The `` visitation '' was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter . There were four such visits in England and Wales -- Oxford , London . All Dominican students were required to learn grammar , old and new logic , natural philosophy and theology . Of all of the curricular areas , however , theology was the most important . This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic 's zeal for it .",
          "c_entity": [
            "york",
            "mary"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727f89cff5b5019007d9985_s",
              "question": "Who did the monks build a monastery in memory of?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Blessed Virgin Mary",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7534_s",
          "context": "The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, founded in 1635 in Paris. It was closely tied to the French state, acting as an extension of a government seriously lacking in scientists. It helped promote and organize new disciplines, and it trained new scientists. It also contributed to the enhancement of scientists' social status, considering them to be the \"most useful of all citizens\". Academies demonstrate the rising interest in science along with its increasing secularization, as evidenced by the small number of clerics who were members (13 percent). The presence of the French academies in the public sphere cannot be attributed to their membership; although the majority of their members were bourgeois, the exclusive institution was only open to elite Parisian scholars. They perceived themselves as \"interpreters of the sciences for the people\". For example, it was with this in mind that academicians took it upon themselves to disprove the popular pseudo-science of mesmerism.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1635"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5710a874b654c5140001f9f9_s",
              "question": "When was the Academy of Sciences founded in France?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1635",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was the Academy of Science in France founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16676_s",
          "context": "Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union 's new leader . Soon , life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement . The church , which suffered greatly under Stalin . In 1967 , a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan . This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event 's fiftieth anniversary in 1965 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "catholicos vazgen",
            "nikita khruschev",
            "stalin"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fb2fb947a6a140053cbaa_s",
              "question": "Who follows Stalin?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nikita Khruschev",
                  "answer_start": 45
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who succeeded Stalin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-734_s",
          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown of Monroeville , Alabama .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2006",
            "1962",
            "1990"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ce330daab44d1400b88558_s",
              "question": "When to kill a robin in a movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1962",
                  "answer_start": 507
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was To Kill a Mockingbird made into a movie?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6124_s",
          "context": "Several animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found in most other phyla. Their cells are differentiated, but in most cases not organized into distinct tissues. Sponges typically feed by drawing in water through pores. However, a series of phylogenomic studies from 2008-2015 have found support for Ctenophora, or comb jellies, as the basal lineage of animals. This result has been controversial, since it would imply that that sponges may not be so primitive, but may instead be secondarily simplified. Other researchers have argued that the placement of Ctenophora as the earliest-diverging animal phylum is a statistical anomaly caused by the high rate of evolution in ctenophore genomes.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2008-2015"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5709c9c4ed30961900e844ab_s",
              "question": "When did some physiological research show that comb jelly is the starting line of animals?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2008-2015",
                  "answer_start": 517
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During what time were a series of phylogenomic studies conducted that found support for comb jellies as the basal lineage of animals?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17279_s",
          "context": "The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history . Ellen Johnson Sirleaf , was elected as the first female president in Africa . Upon her inauguration . In 2006 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ellen johnson sirleaf",
            "finance",
            "truth and reconciliation commission",
            "scsl",
            "taylor"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "573020b2947a6a140053d158_s",
              "question": "Who was elected Africa's first female president?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf",
                  "answer_start": 108
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was elected the first female president of Africa?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11059_s",
          "context": "Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area , together with Durham -LRB- home of Duke University -RRB- and Chapel Hill -LRB- home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -RRB- . The `` Triangle '' nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , located in Durham & Wake Counties partway between the three cities and their universities . The Research Triangle region encompasses the U.S. Census Bureau 's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area -LRB- CSA -RRB- .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2013",
            "1959"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726abb3dd62a815002e8c7e_s",
              "question": "When did the triangle form?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1959",
                  "answer_start": 287
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Triangle created?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1294_s",
          "context": "Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season 's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo , who both encouraged fans to vote for him . However , on April 18 , Sanjaya was voted off .",
          "c_entity": [
            "sanjaya malakar",
            "howard stern"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d375b159d6e4140014645d_s",
              "question": "Who is the most popular singer in the sixth season of American Idol?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Sanjaya Malakar",
                  "answer_start": 9
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most discussed singer in American Idols sixth season?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10227_s",
          "context": "According to the Hebrew Bible narrative , who lived in Canaan around the 18th century BCE . The patriarchs ' descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses , after which the Israelites conquered Canaan . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "moses",
            "leah",
            "isaac",
            "abraham",
            "sarah",
            "rachel",
            "bce",
            "jacob",
            "rebecca",
            "joseph"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572675c2708984140094c6d7_s",
              "question": "Who caused the outflow of population?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Moses",
                  "answer_start": 165
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who led the Exodus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6572_s",
          "context": "The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States . The coalition commenced hostilities in January 1991 , resulting in a decisive victory for the U.S. led coalition forces , which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths . Despite the low death toll , over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as `` permanently disabled '' according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs -LRB- see Gulf War Syndrome -RRB- . The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq , Kuwait and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia . Land combat did not expand outside of the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region , although the coalition bombed cities and strategic targets across Iraq , and Iraq fired missiles on Israeli and Saudi cities .",
          "c_entity": [
            "august 1990",
            "january 1991"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570b3d5fec8fbc190045b909_s",
              "question": "When did hostilities begin in the Persian Gulf War?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "January 1991",
                  "answer_start": 151
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did hostilities in the Persian Gulf War begin?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-36_s",
          "context": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899 , although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898 . Today the school , offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree . All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome . The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture , a faculty that teaches -LRB- pre-modernist -RRB- traditional and classical architecture and urban planning -LRB- e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture -RRB- . It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize .",
          "c_entity": [
            "bond hall",
            "rome"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5733a55a4776f41900660f3d_s",
              "question": "Where do the students of Notre Dame architecture school spend their third year?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Rome",
                  "answer_start": 308
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In which location do students of the School of Architecture of Notre Dame spend their 3rd year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-823_s",
          "context": ", the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight . , the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered , fully controlled , man carrying flying machine , reaching an altitude of 40 feet -LRB- 12 m -RRB- . , the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics . This was quickly followed by the Solar Challenger which crossed the English Channel in July 1981 . The Zephyr , developed by BAE Systems , is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft . , Solar Impulse , an electric aircraft . It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power .",
          "c_entity": [
            "36 hours",
            "2001",
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            "july 1981",
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            "1980",
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            "2010",
            "29 april 1979",
            "1974"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d089e6234ae51400d9c362_s",
              "question": "When did the sun Challenger cross the channel?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "July 1981",
                  "answer_start": 407
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9802_s",
          "context": "The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite , mined in the bordering Leipzig region . Since 2000 , the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies , which reached an amount of 40 % -LRB- in 2013 -RRB- , and more clean gas combustion , often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations . The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass , followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity . Furthermore , Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations : the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam .",
          "c_entity": [
            "leipzig",
            "thuringia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57268bbfdd62a815002e88f9_s",
              "question": "Where did Thuringia get the lignite?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "mined in the bordering Leipzig region",
                  "answer_start": 56
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8099_s",
          "context": "From the caliphate 's north-western African bases , and on into south-eastern Gaul -LRB- last stronghold at Narbonne in 759 -RRB- . , following the defeat of the Arab army by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732 . In 739 a major Berber Revolt broke out in North Africa , which was subdued only with difficulty , but it was followed by the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus . In India the Arab armies were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and by the north Indian Pratiharas Dynasty in the 8th century and the Arabs were driven out of India . In the Caucasus , but failed to subdue the nomadic Khazars . The conflict was arduous and bloody , and the Arab army even suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardabil in 730 . , finally ended the war in 737 with a massive invasion that is reported to have reached as far as the Volga , but the Khazars remained unsubdued .",
          "c_entity": [
            "marwan ibn muhammad",
            "derbent",
            "hisham",
            "marwan ii",
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            "iberia"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571aa4be4faf5e1900b8ab9a_s",
              "question": "Who defeated the Arabs in the battle of tours?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Franks",
                  "answer_start": 179
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Tours?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18658_s",
          "context": "In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools , and by 1836 the word `` humanism '' had been absorbed into the English language in this sense . The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856 , the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning , a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations , especially Italy .",
          "c_entity": [
            "georg voigt",
            "friedrich immanuel niethammer"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5732793be99e3014001e67dd_s",
              "question": "Who can prove in English that the word humanism supports the search for home?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer",
                  "answer_start": 42
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a home in the English language?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14347_s",
          "context": "DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-standard technologies like Java, Linux, SOA and web services, web development, Ajax, PHP, and XML to IBM's products (WebSphere, Rational, Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management). In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2007"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5729d2193f37b3190047857f_s",
              "question": "When did jolt Hall of fame developerWorks start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2007",
                  "answer_start": 502
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9524_s",
          "context": "New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history . Cass Gilbert , of the Beaux-Arts school . , was included on the America 's Favorite Architecture list created in 2007 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "henry austin",
            "robert venturi",
            "alexander jackson davis",
            "new haven free public library",
            "eero saarinen",
            "james polshek",
            "ingalls rink",
            "warren platner",
            "barry svigals",
            "frank gehry",
            "yale school of architecture",
            "kevin roche",
            "marcel breuer",
            "cesar pelli",
            "louis kahn",
            "frank lloyd wright",
            "paul rudolph",
            "stefan behnisch",
            "herbert newman",
            "philip c. johnson",
            "cass gilbert",
            "james gamble rogers",
            "charles willard moore",
            "gordon bunshaft"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727c5c42ca10214002d95f8_s",
              "question": "Who are the outstanding artists of the Bosch School of art in charge of the design of the union station and the public library in new haven?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Cass Gilbert",
                  "answer_start": 129
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the notable artist of the Beaux-Arts school responsible for designing both New Haven's Union Station and New Haven Public Library?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10719_s",
          "context": "In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium, titanium, and copper, are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched (cooled quickly), and then harden over time. After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium, copper, and magnesium, Wilm discovered that the alloy increased in hardness when left to age at room temperature. Although an explanation for the phenomenon was not provided until 1919, duralumin was one of the first \"age hardening\" alloys to be used, and was soon followed by many others. Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight, these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry, including the construction of modern aircraft.",
          "c_entity": [
            "alfred wilm"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726bf09f1498d1400e8e9fa_s",
              "question": "Who found the precipitated alloy?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Alfred Wilm",
                  "answer_start": 59
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who discovered precipitation hardening alloys?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7395_s",
          "context": ", the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony . , and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911 . The Asmara -- Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time , but was later dismantled by the British in World War II . Besides major infrastructural projects , the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector . It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa , and employed many Eritreans in public service , particularly in the police and public works departments . Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army , serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1911",
            "1888"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570db36a16d0071400510d00_s",
              "question": "When does the Eritrean railway arrive in Asmara?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1911",
                  "answer_start": 130
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14962_s",
          "context": "The Philadelphia dialect , which is spread throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey , is part of Mid-Atlantic American English , and as such it is identical in many ways to the Baltimore dialect . Unlike the Baltimore dialect , however , the Philadelphia accent also shares many similarities with the New York accent . Thanks to over a century of linguistics data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania , the Philadelphia dialect under sociolinguist William Labov has been one of the best-studied forms of American English . -LSB- f -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "william labov",
            "university of pennsylvania"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572ab2ac34ae481900deac58_s",
              "question": "Who studies accent at the University of Pennsylvania?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "William Labov",
                  "answer_start": 477
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who studies the accent at the University of Pennsylvania?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3005_s",
          "context": "In 1880 , representing the French government . The Volta Prize was conceived by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801 . , he used his prize money to create endowment funds -LRB- the ` Volta Fund ' -RRB- and institutions in and around the United States capital of Washington , D.C. . , Washington , D.C. . The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his `` proudest achievement '' , `` the photophone '' , the `` optical telephone '' which presaged fibre optical telecommunications , a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness .",
          "c_entity": [
            "ag bell",
            "alexander graham bell laboratory",
            "napoleon bonaparte",
            "alexander graham bell association",
            "`volta laboratory association",
            "alessandro volta",
            "alexandre dumas",
            "victor hugo",
            "edison",
            "volta bureau"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56dfbab97aa994140058e0ad_s",
              "question": "Who put the Walta prize first?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Napoleon Bonaparte",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who first established the Volta Prize?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18651_s",
          "context": "Bronx native Nancy Savoca 's 1989 comedy , True Love . The film , which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple . The CBS television sitcom Becker , was more ambiguous . The show starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker , a doctor who operated a small practice and was constantly annoyed by his patients , co-workers , friends , and practically everything and everybody else in his world . It showed his everyday life as a doctor working in a small clinic in the Bronx .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2004",
            "year",
            "1989",
            "1998",
            "the days"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326cefe99e3014001e67a6_s",
              "question": "When was true love published?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1989",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was 'True Love' released?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18648_s",
          "context": ", the Bronx often symbolized violence , decay , and urban ruin . : in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film . , when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers . As the fire was captured on live television , announcer Howard Cosell is wrongly remembered to have said something like , `` There it is , ladies and gentlemen : the Bronx is burning '' . Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell 's remark as an acknowledgement of both the city and the borough 's decline .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1977",
            "2006",
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            "1974",
            "the 1970s"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57326c5ae99e3014001e6795_s",
              "question": "When was the word \"Bronx burn\" first widely used?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1974",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the phrase \"The Bronx is burning\" first widespread?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8206_s",
          "context": ", then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge . Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body , she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual . Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England , which spread to other countries . Meanwhile , the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901 , only to cast it aside again in 1935 . The lodges , however , continued to meet , which gave rise , in 1959 , to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry .",
          "c_entity": [
            "annie besant",
            "georges martin",
            "maria deraismes"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572512df0a492a19004356df_s",
              "question": "Who and Maria desses built a Masonic house for men and women?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Georges Martin",
                  "answer_start": 143
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18051_s",
          "context": "Another great undertaking by Constantine Monomachos was the restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem between 1042 and 1048 . , who visited Jerusalem in 1106 -- 1107 left a description : `` Lively mosaics of the holy prophets are under the ceiling , over the tribune . The altar is surmounted by a mosaic image of Christ . The Annunciation occupies the two pillars next to the altar . ''",
          "c_entity": [
            "daniel",
            "adam",
            "constantine monomachos",
            "christ"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57315c6c497a881900248e7f_s",
              "question": "Who rebuilt the Holy Grail Church in the 1940s?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Constantine Monomachos",
                  "answer_start": 29
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who restored the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the 1040's?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-446_s",
          "context": "In 2003 . At the following year 's Game Developers Conference , director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game 's sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2 ; it was set to use a similar graphical style to that of its predecessor . Concerned that the sequel would have the same problem . , hesitant about solely changing the game 's presentation , suggested the team 's focus should instead be on coming up with gameplay innovations . , particularly horseback combat . -LSB- l -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "zelda",
            "time",
            "shigeru miyamoto",
            "eiji aonuma",
            "nintendo"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d12ceb17492d1400aabb5d_s",
              "question": "Who is the director who inadvertently announced the Zelda game?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Eiji Aonuma",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the director that unintentionally announced a Zelda game was in the works?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10943_s",
          "context": "In the Early Middle Ages , from the end of the 4th century . The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century . The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century , and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "alemannia",
            "alps",
            "tolbiac"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5727729cdd62a815002e9d16_s",
              "question": "Where did the alemannians settle and form alemannia in the eighth century?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "valleys of the Alps",
                  "answer_start": 127
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4664_s",
          "context": ", to study them , writing that in the mountains he found the `` theatre of the Lord '' . By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore , study and conquer the high peaks ; they were followed by artists , writers and painters . Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure -LRB- 1740 -- 1799 -RRB- in the Pennine Alps , and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha -LRB- 1752 -- 1833 -RRB- . Born in Geneva , Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age ; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland , the Savoy , the Piedmont and Valais , studying the glaciers and the geology , as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval . Saussure , in 1787 , was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc -- today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "saussure",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0476_s",
              "question": "Who is the member of the third climbing of Mont Blanc?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Saussure",
                  "answer_start": 324
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-4072_s",
          "context": "The classic case of a corrupt , exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko , who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo -LRB- which he renamed Zaire -RRB- from 1965 to 1997 . It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe Mobutu 's regime . Another classic case is Nigeria . He is reputed to have stolen some US$ 3 -- 4 billion . He and his relatives are often mentioned in Nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for `` help '' in laundering his stolen `` fortunes '' , which in reality turn out not to exist . More than $ 400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria 's leaders between 1960 and 1999 .",
          "c_entity": [
            "mobutu sese seko",
            "sani abacha"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56eab1d05a205f1900d6d426_s",
              "question": "Who was Zaire's dictator from 1965 to 1997?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko",
                  "answer_start": 81
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15489_s",
          "context": "According to the latest International Monetary Fund estimates, its per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power) at $30,769 is just above the average of the European Union.[citation needed] Cyprus has been sought as a base for several offshore businesses for its low tax rates. Tourism, financial services and shipping are significant parts of the economy. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union. The Cypriot government adopted the euro as the national currency on 1 January 2008.",
          "c_entity": [
            "1 january 2008"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e9c50c246551400ce43d7_s",
              "question": "When was the euro declared the national currency of Cyprus?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1 January 2008",
                  "answer_start": 540
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Euro declared as the national currency of Cyprus?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15562_s",
          "context": "In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the \"Flying Chair\", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.",
          "c_entity": [
            "caserta"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572e877703f9891900756734_s",
              "question": "Where was the flying chair installed in 1845?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Royal Palace of Caserta",
                  "answer_start": 68
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "At what location was the \"Flying Chair\" installed in 1845?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3218_s",
          "context": "One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect.",
          "c_entity": [
            "maxwell"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56e17f00e3433e1400422f86_s",
              "question": "Who has observed the specific heat capacity of hydrogen?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Maxwell",
                  "answer_start": 97
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1883_s",
          "context": "In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus.",
          "c_entity": [
            "2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56ddc1d966d3e219004dacd3_s",
              "question": "When did Internet archives take the risk of data storage platform?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Internet Archive chance its platform for data storage?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15711_s",
          "context": ", he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends , known as the Lords Proprietors . The first of these founded Charles Town , in 1670 . Governance , settlement , and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke .",
          "c_entity": [
            "1630",
            "seven years",
            "1660",
            "1670",
            "march 24, 1663",
            "1685"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57300d74a23a5019007fcccf_s",
              "question": "When was Charles City founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1670",
                  "answer_start": 158
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "What year was Charles Town founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8117_s",
          "context": "The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans . , when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen . , they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa . , the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date , the management passed to a French company , which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale .",
          "c_entity": [
            "2001",
            "1868",
            "1875",
            "1912",
            "1945",
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          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "571b0a5532177014007ea01a_s",
              "question": "When was Albanian asphalt purchased by the French?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "2001",
                  "answer_start": 331
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was management of Albanian bitumen acquired by the French?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16702_s",
          "context": "The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world . Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music . , the so-called `` kef '' style Armenian dance music , using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments -LRB- often electrified/amplified -RRB- and some western instruments , was popular . , and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated .",
          "c_entity": [
            "turkey",
            "united states",
            "western"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572fd8b9a23a5019007fca7f_s",
              "question": "Where did Armenians migrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries",
                  "answer_start": 473
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did the Armenians emigrate from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1225_s",
          "context": "Theravada -LRB- `` Doctrine of the Elders '' , or `` Ancient Doctrine '' -RRB- is the oldest surviving Buddhist school . It is relatively conservative , and generally closest to early Buddhism . The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya , one of the early Buddhist schools , from which the Theravadins claim descent . After unsuccessfully trying to modify the Vinaya , a small group of `` elderly members '' , i.e. sthaviras , giving rise to the Sthavira sect . They also emphasized Theravada being rational and scientific .",
          "c_entity": [
            "pali canon",
            "sthāvirīya",
            "mahāsāṃghika"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d28f5159d6e414001460b8_s",
              "question": "Where does the name ODA come from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "ancestral Sthāvirīya",
                  "answer_start": 229
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where does the name theravada come from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9468_s",
          "context": "German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky . From the 1960s , while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR .",
          "c_entity": [
            "wim wenders",
            "robert wiene",
            "volker schlöndorff",
            "friedrich wilhelm murnau",
            "max skladanowsky",
            "werner herzog",
            "rainer werner fassbinder",
            "leni riefenstahl"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57295afd6aef051400154d4e_s",
              "question": "Who is the original German film?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Max Skladanowsky",
                  "answer_start": 80
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the original German cinematic?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "Gaddafi was a very private individual , who described himself as a `` simple revolutionary '' and `` pious Muslim '' called upon by Allah to continue Nasser 's work . , and asserted that he adored children . She was told by Gaddafi 's father that even as a child he had been `` always serious , even taciturn '' , a trait he also exhibited in adulthood . His father said that he was courageous , intelligent , pious , and family oriented .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57318f8ae6313a140071d09a_s",
              "question": "Who does Gaddafi see as a continuation of his efforts?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nasser",
                  "answer_start": 150
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1488_s",
          "context": "Thailand : The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame 's first visit to Thailand . The relay covered just over 10 km , and included Bangkok 's Chinatown . , Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks . M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse , Green World Foundation -LRB- GWF -RRB- chairwoman , withdrew from the torch-running ceremony , protesting against China 's actions in Tibet . , along with Olympic supporters . A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a `` small demonstration '' during the relay , and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests , facing Beijing supporters . Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay , to protest against China 's actions in Tibet . In Bangkok , students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When does the Olympic torch arrive in Bangkok?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "April 18",
                  "answer_start": 15
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10936_s",
          "context": ". The country has a long history of armed neutrality -- it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross , Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations , including the second largest UN office . On the European level , it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably it is not part of the European Union , nor the European Economic Area . However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU 's single market through a number of bilateral treaties .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "When was Switzerland last involved in international war?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1815",
                  "answer_start": 112
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "In what year was Switzerland last involved in a war internationally?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15532_s",
          "context": "In June 2006 , Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about `` a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension '' , from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst . , screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne 's treatment into a narrative screenplay . The screenwriter suggested the addition of a `` time element '' to the treatment 's basic idea , which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne . , Paramount hired Nolan , as well as scientists from Caltech , forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar . , Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film . Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar , which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57319559a5e9cc1400cdc105_s",
              "question": "When did Spielberg announce what would become \"interstellar\"?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "June 2006",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Spielberg announce what would become 'Interstellar'?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-2982_s",
          "context": "During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial , Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834 . In 1886 , in the first of three cases in which he was involved , Meucci took the stand as a witness in the hopes of establishing his invention 's priority . Meucci 's work , like many other inventors of the period , was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments , the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci 's death . However , 2002 stated that Meucci 's `` work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged '' , even though this did not put an end to a still contentious issue . -LSB- N 18 -RSB-",
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            {
              "id": "56df9dbd4a1a83140091eb98_s",
              "question": "Who said it was invented in 1834?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Antonio Meucci",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who claimed to have invented the in 1834?"
            }
          ]
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16495_s",
          "context": "The process of desegregation at Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work . , the University was the target of critical editorials in the local African American press , letter-writing campaigns by churches and the local Urban League , and legal briefs by the NAACP intended to strip its tax-exempt status . , a Washington University student group , the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes -LRB- SCAN -RRB- , began campaigning for full racial integration . , the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the school 's undergraduate divisions .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572f9b7f947a6a140053cac0_s",
              "question": "When did Washington University begin to disintegrate?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1947",
                  "answer_start": 63
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did Washington University begin desegregation?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18098_s",
          "context": ", in which monks and nuns taught classes . The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools . It is possible , however , that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare , with the University of Paris being an exception . Later they were also founded by Kings -LRB- University of Naples Federico II , Charles University in Prague , Jagiellonian University in Kraków -RRB- or municipal administrations -LRB- University of Cologne , University of Erfurt -RRB- . In the early medieval period , most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools , usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education . Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "573188e1497a881900248fe1_s",
              "question": "When did these universities stand out from the existing ones?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "early medieval period",
                  "answer_start": 590
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "During which era did universities grow out of already extant schools?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7039_s",
          "context": "In the 1940s , based on research into the record evidence of his reign , such as pipe rolls , charters , court documents and similar primary records . Notably . In many cases the detail provided by these chroniclers , was challenged by modern historians . : although the charter 's symbolic , constitutional value for later generations is unquestionable . Specialists in Irish medieval history , have challenged the conventional narrative established by Lewis Warren , suggesting that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than was previously supposed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "matthew paris",
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            {
              "id": "570c578fb3d812140066d165_s",
              "question": "Who says Ireland's economy in 1216 was less stable than previously estimated?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Lewis Warren",
                  "answer_start": 454
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who suggested that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than previously supposed?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-3131_s",
          "context": "After a long period of rumour and consultation , the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005 . The airport was expected to be completed by 2010 . However an approved bidder , the Italian firm Impregilo , was not chosen until 2008 , and then the project was put on hold in November 2008 , allegedly due to new financial pressures brought on by the Financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 . By January 2009 , construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed .",
          "c_entity": [
            "andrew gurr",
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            {
              "id": "56e07af7231d4119001ac1b1_s",
              "question": "Who is the winning bidder of the airport?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Impregilo",
                  "answer_start": 241
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the approved bidder for the airport?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8319_s",
          "context": "Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians , including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias . Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel 's borders . , headed by Taiseer Elias , in Arabic music . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "amal murkus",
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            "darwish darwish",
            "wissam joubran",
            "samir",
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5725d2cc271a42140099d251_s",
              "question": "Who is in charge of the Arab music learning program?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Taiseer Elias",
                  "answer_start": 107
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5051_s",
          "context": "In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television.",
          "c_entity": [
            "december 2009"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56fa85dd8f12f31900630170_s",
              "question": "When did the UK install HD content with the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "December 2009",
                  "answer_start": 3
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did the UK deploy HD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?"
            }
          ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13806_s",
          "context": "The Oeselians or Osilians -LRB- Estonian saarlased ; singular : Øsel ; German : Ösel ; Swedish : Ösel -RRB- , an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea . They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy 's Geography III .",
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              "id": "572844b64b864d1900164875_s",
              "question": "Where is sarema?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "the Baltic Sea",
                  "answer_start": 132
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where is Saaremaa located?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15423_s",
          "context": "The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues . In May 1987 , Gaddafi announced the start of the `` Revolution within a Revolution '' , which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business . Restrictions were placed on the activities of the Revolutionary Committees ; in March 1988 , their role was narrowed by the newly created Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership to restrict their violence and judicial role , while in August 1988 Gaddafi publicly criticised them , asserting that `` they deviated , harmed , tortured '' and that `` the true revolutionary does not practise repression . '' In March , hundreds of political prisoners were freed , with Gaddafi falsely claiming that there were no further political prisoners in Libya . In June , Libya 's government issued the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses , in which 27 articles laid out goals , rights and guarantees to improve the situation of human rights in Libya , restricting the use of the death penalty and calling for its eventual abolition . Many of the measures suggested in the charter would be implemented the following year , although others remained inactive . Also in 1989 , the government founded the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights , to be awarded to figures from the Third World who had struggled against colonialism and imperialism ; the first year 's winner was South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela . From 1994 through to 1997 , the government initiated cleansing committees to root out corruption , particularly in the economic sector .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57318587e6313a140071d019_s",
              "question": "Who won the Gaddafi international human rights award in 1989?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Nelson Mandela",
                  "answer_start": 1562
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who won the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights in 1989?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10736_s",
          "context": "Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance . The Norfolk Island Act 1979 , is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015 . The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator , currently Gary Hardgrave . From 1979 to 2015 , including the power to override any laws made by the assembly .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726b36add62a815002e8d57_s",
              "question": "Who is the current chief executive of Norfolk?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Gary Hardgrave",
                  "answer_start": 343
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who is the current administrator of Norfolk Island?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8884_s",
          "context": "After over a dozen more subpar seasons, in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise. Green had managed the 1980 Phillies to the World Series title. One of his early GM moves brought in a young Phillies minor-league 3rd baseman named Ryne Sandberg, along with Larry Bowa for Iván DeJesús. The 1983 Cubs had finished 71–91 under Lee Elia, who was fired before the season ended by Green. Green continued the culture of change and overhauled the Cubs roster, front-office and coaching staff prior to 1984. Jim Frey was hired to manage the 1984 Cubs, with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "572667e6708984140094c4f8_s",
              "question": "Where is general Dallas green from?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Philadelphia",
                  "answer_start": 84
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where was GM Dallas Green from?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-734_s",
          "context": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Literary analysis of it is sparse , considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education . , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book , `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan . Since 1990 , Alabama .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "56d114b117492d1400aab8c6_s",
              "question": "Who made the 1962 movie?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Robert Mulligan",
                  "answer_start": 503
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who directed the 1962 film?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9071_s",
          "context": "The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for \"unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions\" if the violation had been \"willful and for profit.\" Criminal copyright infringement requires that the infringer acted \"for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain.\" 17 U.S.C. § 506. To establish criminal liability, the prosecutor must first show the basic elements of copyright infringement: ownership of a valid copyright, and the violation of one or more of the copyright holder's exclusive rights. The government must then establish that defendant willfully infringed or, in other words, possessed the necessary mens rea. Misdemeanor infringement has a very low threshold in terms of number of copies and the value of the infringed works.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5726d4d1708984140094d2ab_s",
              "question": "When was the first criminal part of copyright law increased in the United States?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1897",
                  "answer_start": 64
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the first criminal part of copyright law in the U.S. added?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-18681_s",
          "context": "Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns . , authoritarian society such as -LRB- they believed -RRB- existed in the Middle Ages . Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists , have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature , which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human . `` Humanism fabricates the human as much as it fabricates the nonhuman animal '' , turning the human into what he calls `` a placeholder for a range of attributes that have been considered most virtuous among humans -LRB- e.g. rationality , altruism -RRB- , rather than most commonplace -LRB- e.g. hunger , anger -RRB- '' . Nevertheless , philosopher Kate Soper notes that by faulting humanism for falling short of its own benevolent ideals , anti-humanism thus frequently `` secretes a humanist rhetoric '' .",
          "c_entity": [
            "timothy laurie",
            "jean-françois lyotard",
            "t. e. hulme",
            "ezra pound",
            "kate soper",
            "michel foucault",
            "t. s. eliot"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57328842b9988014000c7669_s",
              "question": "Who says this argument actually supports humanitarianism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Kate Soper",
                  "answer_start": 806
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-5866_s",
          "context": ". After Carranza took control in 1914 . , with thousands dead . With the defeat of Villa , Carranza seized power . A short time later the United States recognized Carranza as president of Mexico . , he continued his fight against the Carranza government . Finally , in 1920 -- finally reached an agreement with Villa end his rebellion .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "57071bec9e06ca38007e9434_s",
              "question": "Who controlled it in 1914?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Carranza",
                  "answer_start": 8
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who took control in 1914?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7587_s",
          "context": "During the war , plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales . Proposals , were abandoned for various reasons , which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd , at a time when Britain was at war . Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday . Home Secretary , but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent . In 1946 , she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales .",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "570f8a9f80d9841400ab35ab_s",
              "question": "Who suggested that England cooperate with Wales to suppress Welsh nationalism?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Elizabeth",
                  "answer_start": 79
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7999_s",
          "context": "In the colonial years , while conditions were more fluid , white women , indentured servant or free , and African men , servant , slave or free , made unions . Because the women were free , their mixed-race children were born free ; they and their descendants formed most of the families of free people of color during the colonial period in Virginia . The scholar Paul Heinegg found that eighty percent of the free people of color in North Carolina in censuses from 1790 -- 1810 could be traced to families free in Virginia in colonial years .",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
              "id": "571de30db64a571400c71dd1_s",
              "question": "Where do 80% of free colors come from in North Carolina?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Virginia in colonial years",
                  "answer_start": 516
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where did 80% of free people of color in NC come from?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9457_s",
          "context": "In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.",
          "c_entity": [
            "habsburg"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57294fd03f37b31900478226_s",
              "question": "Who is excluded from the German nation state?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein",
                  "answer_start": 254
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was excluded from the German Nation State?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-15963_s",
          "context": "Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (Indus River valley of North India) and Anxi (the Parthian Empire). All of these countries eventually received Han embassies. These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.",
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            {
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              "question": "When did Zhang Qian finish his trip?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "125 BC",
                  "answer_start": 89
                }
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              "original_question": "When did Zhang Qian end his travels?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-7429_s",
          "context": "The discovery and isolation of radium in uranium ore (pitchblende) by Marie Curie sparked the development of uranium mining to extract the radium, which was used to make glow-in-the-dark paints for clock and aircraft dials. This left a prodigious quantity of uranium as a waste product, since it takes three tonnes of uranium to extract one gram of radium. This waste product was diverted to the glazing industry, making uranium glazes very inexpensive and abundant. Besides the pottery glazes, uranium tile glazes accounted for the bulk of the use, including common bathroom and kitchen tiles which can be produced in green, yellow, mauve, black, blue, red and other colors.",
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            {
              "id": "570e2db80b85d914000d7d14_s",
              "question": "Who isolated the radio in ulaness?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marie Curie",
                  "answer_start": 70
                }
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              "original_question": "Who isolated radium in uranium ore?"
            }
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-6837_s",
          "context": "The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall 's `` Adolescence in 1904 . '' Hall , who was the first president of the American Psychological Association , viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval -LRB- sturm und drang -RRB- . This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior . He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors ' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized . Even with their different theories , these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion . The less turbulent aspects of adolescence , such as peer relations and cultural influence , were left largely ignored until the 1980s . From the '50s until the '80s , the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them .",
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            "anna freud",
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            {
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              "question": "Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "G. Stanley Hall",
                  "answer_start": 72
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              "original_question": "Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?"
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          "context": ", after the end of the war , the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt . As part of Imperial Germany , Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale , such as the Neue Stadt , or `` new city '' around the present Place de la République . Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives , libraries and museums . The University , founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment .",
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            {
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              "question": "When was the university founded?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "What year was the university founded?"
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          "context": "The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.",
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              "answers": [
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                  "text": "The Education and Employment Directorate",
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              "original_question": "Who provides programs to students with special needs?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-10323_s",
          "context": "The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978. Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called \"Spanish practices\" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.",
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              "question": "Where did Murdoch start to expand?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Where did Murdoch begin expanding?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1441_s",
          "context": "In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' religious freedom. In Britain, police sniffer dogs are carefully used, and are not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage. They are required to wear leather dog booties when searching mosques or Muslim homes.",
          "c_entity": [
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "56d9e156dc89441400fdb887_s",
              "question": "When was it illegal to keep a dog in the Hague?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2015",
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When did it become illegal for a person to own a dog in The Hague?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-8806_s",
          "context": "During World War I , the palace , escaped unscathed . Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ . The King imposed rationing at the palace , much to the dismay of his guests and household . To the King 's later regret , David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol , to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class . The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence . In 1938 , the north-west pavilion , was converted into a swimming pool .",
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              "question": "Who persuaded the king to close the cellar?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "David Lloyd George",
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              "original_question": "Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?"
            }
          ]
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          "context": "The early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations . There were eight banners in all , differentiated by color . The yellow , bordered yellow , and white banners were known as the `` Upper Three Banners '' and were under the direct command of the emperor . , and selected Han Chinese who had passed the highest level of martial exams could serve as the emperor 's personal bodyguards . The remaining Banners were known as the `` Lower Five Banners . '' They were commanded by hereditary Manchu princes descended from Nurhachi 's immediate family , known informally as the `` Iron cap princes '' . Together they formed the ruling council of the Manchu nation as well as high command of the army . After capturing Beijing in 1644 , made up of those Ming troops who had surrendered to the Qing , which eventually outnumbered Banner troops three to one . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
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            {
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              "question": "Who created the eight banners?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Nurhaci",
                  "answer_start": 75
                }
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              "original_question": "Who created the Eight Banners?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-16267_s",
          "context": "The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.",
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              "question": "Who is the most conspicuous demagogue of nationalism and to whom has the people turned?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Adolf Hitler",
                  "answer_start": 436
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to? "
            }
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          "context": "The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory , which was exported throughout the ancient world . , who also governed the port of Adulis . The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency . , eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom .",
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              "question": "Who did Aksu conquer and extend his rule to the Arabian Peninsula?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Himyarite Kingdom",
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                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?"
            }
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17721_s",
          "context": ". , General Norton A. Schwartz , a former tactical airlift and special operations pilot was the first officer appointed to that position who did not have a background as a fighter or bomber pilot . , particularly in the officer corps .",
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              "question": "Who was appointed chief of staff of the air force after Mosley resigned?",
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              "original_question": "Who was appointed to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force following Mosley's resignation?"
            }
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          "context": ". In 1754 , Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King 's College in Lower Manhattan .",
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              "question": "When was Columbia University founded in New York?",
              "answers": [
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              "original_question": "Columbia University of New York was founded in what year?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17140_s",
          "context": "In 334 BC , defeating the last Achaemenid emperor , Darius III , at the Battle of Issus . Following the premature death of Alexander , Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire . In the middle of the 2nd century BC , the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran , and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began , culminating in the Roman -- Parthian Wars . The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries , until 224 CE , when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire . Together with their neighboring arch-rival , the Roman-Byzantines , they made up the world 's two most dominant powers at the time , for over four centuries .",
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              "question": "Who was the last Archangel emperor when he was defeated by Alexander the great?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Darius III",
                  "answer_start": 52
                }
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              "original_question": "Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great?"
            }
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          "context": "For five consecutive seasons , starting in season seven , the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar -- a trend that Idol pundits call the `` White guy with guitar '' or `` WGWG '' factor . Just hours before the season eleven finale , Richard Rushfield , author of the book American Idol : The Untold Story , said , `` You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it , not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio , but as ... . who 's the nicest guy in a popularity contest , '' he says , `` And that has led to this dynasty of four , and possibly now five , consecutive , affable , very nice , good-looking white boys . ''",
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              "question": "Who wrote \"American Idol: an unknown story\"?",
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              "original_question": "Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story?"
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          "context": "Some of the best-known traditions , including carnal parades and masquerade balls , were first recorded in medieval Italy . , for a long time , the most famous carnival -LRB- although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored -RRB- . From Italy . , the weakened medieval tradition also revive . Continuously in the 18th and 19th centuries CE , rabbis of the ghetto were forced to march through the city streets wearing foolish guise , jeered upon and pelted by a variety of missiles from the crowd . : `` It is not opportune to make any innovation . ''",
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              "question": "Where was the most famous tradition first adopted?",
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              "original_question": "Where were some of the best-known traditions first recorded?"
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        {
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          "context": "In 1982 , Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh . The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products , including the `` multiple exclusive , creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product 's creation .",
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              "id": "570cf1b5fed7b91900d45b2d_s",
              "question": "Who was brought into the design of Macintosh marketing in 1982?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Regis McKenna",
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              "original_question": "Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-1079_s",
          "context": ", West was presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards . In his acceptance speech , he stated , ` I wonder did he smoke something before he came out here ? ' And the answer is : ` Yes , I rolled up a little something . I knocked the edge off . ' '' At the end of his speech , he announced , `` I have decided in 2020 to run for president . ''",
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              "question": "When will Kanye run for president?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "2020",
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              "original_question": "When does Kanye intend to run for president?"
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          "cid": "squad1.1-train-11404_s",
          "context": "NigeriaSat-2 , Nigeria 's second satellite , was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited . It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic -LRB- very high resolution -RRB- , 5-metre multispectral -LRB- high resolution , NIR red , green and red bands -RRB- , and 32-metre multispectral -LRB- medium resolution , NIR red , green and red bands -RRB- antennas . The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £ 35 million . This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China .",
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              "question": "Where was Nigeria's second satellite launched?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "China",
                  "answer_start": 529
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              "original_question": "Where was Nigeria's second satellite launched?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-688_s",
          "context": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League , Major League Baseball , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , and Major League Soccer . The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues . Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues , and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882 . The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues . Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide -LRB- MetLife Stadium , the new Yankee Stadium , Madison Square Garden , and Citi Field -RRB- are located in the New York metropolitan area . Madison Square Garden , its predecessor , as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field , are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world , the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps .",
          "c_entity": [
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              "question": "When was the Brooklyn Dodgers founded?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "1882",
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                }
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              "original_question": "The Brooklyn Dodgers were created in what year?"
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        {
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          "context": ", 1762 -- 68 -RRB- ; the second phase , in the styles called Directoire and `` Empire '' . The interior style in France was initially a Parisian style , the `` Goût grec '' -LRB- `` Greek style '' -RRB- not a court style . Only when the young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did Marie Antoinette , his fashion-loving Queen , bring the `` Louis XVI '' style to court .",
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              "id": "5729939d1d04691400779557_s",
              "question": "Who designed the dish for a more modern design in France in 1771?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Marie Antoinette",
                  "answer_start": 282
                }
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              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?"
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-9742_s",
          "context": "Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles . Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government , which is governed by representative assemblies of elders . Many Reformed churches are organized this way , but the word `` Presbyterian , '' when capitalized , is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War . Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God , the authority of the Scriptures , and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ . In fact . , although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism . Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation -LRB- elders -RRB- ; a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making -LRB- presbytery , synod and general assembly -RRB- .",
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              "id": "572655b6f1498d1400e8dc58_s",
              "question": "Where can I find the origin of the Presbyterian Church?",
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                  "text": "British Isles",
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              "original_question": "Where can you trace back the origins of Presbyterianism back to?"
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    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-14020_s",
          "context": "The mandolin orchestras never completely went away , however . In fact , along with all the other musical forms the mandolin is involved with , the mandolin ensemble -LRB- groups usually arranged like the string section of a modern symphony orchestra , with first mandolins , second mandolins , mandolas , mandocellos , mando-basses , and guitars , and sometimes supplemented by other instruments -RRB- continues to grow in popularity . Since the mid-nineties , several public-school mandolin-based guitar programs have blossomed around the country , the first of its kind . The national organization , founded by Norman Levine , represents these groups .",
          "c_entity": [
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            "samuel firstman",
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            "howard fry",
            "fretworks mandolin and guitar orchestra"
          ],
          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728b6ce2ca10214002da640_s",
              "question": "Who founded the American classical Mandolin society?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Norman Levine",
                  "answer_start": 614
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Who found the Classical Mandolin Society of America?"
            }
          ]
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        {
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          "context": ". For example . An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice , Italy . There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India , Myanmar , Thailand , Belgium , Portugal , Italy , Poland , Austria , Hungary , Bulgaria , Romania , Serbia , Ethiopia , Sudan and Egypt . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "1717",
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            "the four quarters",
            "the holy land",
            "a millennium",
            "centuries"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "57323009e17f3d14004226f7_s",
              "question": "When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1717",
                  "answer_start": 73
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-13762_s",
          "context": ". , citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists , and thus did not require additional approval from Congress . The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL , which he stated `` Our objective is clear : We will degrade , and ultimately destroy , ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy '' . , as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria . -LSB- citation needed -RSB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "qatar",
            "saudi arabia",
            "iraq",
            "uae",
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            "bahrain",
            "jordan",
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            "united states"
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          "qas": [
            {
              "id": "5728484a3acd2414000df877_s",
              "question": "Where were the attacks from 21 to 22 September?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "Syria",
                  "answer_start": 475
                }
              ],
              "qtype": "shortcut",
              "original_question": "Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?"
            }
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
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        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-12178_s",
          "context": "The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus. It claimed that the NKVD performed secret killings in Kurapaty. Initially the Front had significant visibility because its numerous public actions almost always ended in clashes with the police and the KGB.",
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            {
              "id": "5727e3e82ca10214002d98b6_s",
              "question": "When did the BDF party start?",
              "answers": [
                {
                  "text": "1988",
                  "answer_start": 62
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "When did The Partyja BDF start?"
            }
          ]
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    },
    {
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "cid": "squad1.1-train-17911_s",
          "context": "Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past . The gentleman gourmet , such as Yuan Mei , applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking , eating , and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life . The Suiyuan Shidan written by him , detailed the culinary esthetics and theory , along with a wide range of recipes from the ruling period of Qianlong during Qing Dynasty . Although this banquet was probably never common , it reflected an appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs . Nevertheless , saying that it is cause in part by '' ... the vulgar habits of bad chefs '' and that `` Display this trite are useful only for welcoming new relations through one 's gates or when the boss comes to visit . '' -LRB- 皆惡廚陋習 。 只可用之於新親上門 ， 上司入境 -RRB-",
          "c_entity": [
            "manchu han imperial feast",
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            {
              "id": "573165efe6313a140071cee4_s",
              "question": "Who wrote the poem of Suiyuan?",
              "answers": [
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                  "text": "Yuan Mei",
                  "answer_start": 121
                }
              ],
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              "original_question": "Who wrote the Suiyuan Shidan?"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}