@inproceedings{yu-etal-2026-cats,
    title = "{CATS}: An Annotation Scheme of Causality and Temporal Structure",
    author = "Yu, Nana  and
      Silvano, Purifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o  and
      Cunha, Lu{\'i}s Filipe  and
      Jorge, Al{\'i}pio",
    editor = "Bunt, Harry",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 22nd Joint {ACL} - {ISO} Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation and Representation ({ISA}-22) @ {LREC} 2026",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma, Mallorca (Spain)",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-nlpsi/2026.isa-1.12/",
    doi = "10.63317/59sf68tob5uy",
    pages = "111--122",
    abstract = "This paper presents CATS, a causal and temporal annotation scheme designed to jointly represent causal relations and temporal structures in news texts. The proposed framework integrates components of ISO 24617 Semantic Annotation Framework (SemAF), drawing in particular on Part{~}1 (Time and Events) (ISO 24617-1: 2012{iso24617}) and Part{~}8 (Semantic Relations in Discourse) (ISO 24617-8: 2016{iso24617-8}). Building on the Text2Story annotation framework (CITATION), the scheme adapts and extends its principles for representing temporal information while introducing new entities and links for modeling causal relations. The resulting annotation model enables the integrated representation of causal arguments, events, temporal relations, and causal signals within a unified structure. By jointly capturing causal and temporal dependencies, CATS provides a resource for studying the interaction between causality and temporality in discourse and supports downstream NLP tasks such as event extraction, temporal ordering, and causal reasoning."
}