This paper introduces GlossMATE, a multi-agent critique-and-judge system that translates the gloss line in Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) into fluent English using Large Language Models (LLMs). GlossMATE integrates linguist-provided resources (e.g., gloss-tag explanations, lexicon entries, curated IGT) with in-context learning and a multi-agent critique-and-judge procedure that iteratively evaluates and refines candidate translations. Our experiments show that leveraging analogous examples, explicit linguistic explanations, and collaborative agent interactions can enhance translation quality across several low-resource and polysynthetic languages. We also incorporate human linguists into the critique loop for selected languages. Case studies on three Indigenous languages further demonstrate the complementary strengths of human-in-the-loop feedback and multi-agent reasoning for language documentation tasks.

In this paper, we present the development of a digital Oneida verb conjugator through using the Gramble framework. This project is a collaborative effort with the Twatati Adult Oneida Language program. Oneida is a polysynthetic North American Indigenous language. Its verb roots can be conjugated with multiple affixes, and long verbal complexes can be used as utterances. Each Oneida affix encodes important grammatical information, and its form often varies based on various factors, such as its position in the utterance and its phonological environment. The distinct morphosyntactic structures complicate acquisition of the language by learners who are native speakers of English. With an alarmingly small number of native speakers of Oneida, supporting and accelerating adult second language leaners’ acquisition process has become a pressing necessity. The Oneida verb conjugator can demonstrate its users the correct conjugations of verbs and can also let learners generate practice materials tailored to their unique learning trajectories. This paper presents the preliminary stages and outcomes of the project and outlines the areas for improvement to be addressed in our subsequent endeavors.