Memes have emerged to be an essential medium of online expression, where the sentiment is determined by the interaction of text and image. Sentiment analysis of memes is particularly challenging when the language is low-resource, such as Nepali, due to the lack of resources and the complex relationships between text and image modalities. In this paper, we report our submission to Subtask B of CHiPSAL 2026, where the task was sentiment analysis of Nepali text-embedded memes for three sentiment classes: Negative, Neutral, and Positive. Through this submission, we present a late fusion multimodal framework that encompasses lexical, semantic, and visual models through a cross-validated stacking approach. Our submission to the shared task competition received a Macro F1 of 0.5045 on the official test set, achieving 6th place in the leaderboard. This demonstrates the strength of well-structured late fusion approaches to multimodal sentiment analysis of text-embedded memes.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is opening new doors of learning and interaction. However, it has its share of problems. One major issue is the ability of AI to generate text that resembles human-written text. So, how can we tell apart human-written text from AI-generated text?With this in mind, we have worked on detecting AI-generated product reviews in Dravidian languages, mainly in Malayalam and Tamil. The “Shared Task on Detecting AI-Generated Product Reviews in Dravidian Languages,” held as part of the DravidianLangTech Workshop at NAACL 2025 has provided a dataset categorized into two categories, human-written review and AI-generated review. We have implemented four machine learning models (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and XGBoost), four deep learning models (Long Short-Term Memory, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Recurrent Neural Network), and three transformer-based models (AI-Human-Detector, Detect-AI-Text, and E5-Small-Lora-AI-Generated-Detector). We have conducted a comparative study among all the models by training and evaluating each model on the dataset. We have discovered that the transformer, E5-Small-Lora-AI-Generated-Detector, has provided the best result with an F1 score of 0.8994 on the test set ranking 7th position in the Malayalam language. Tamil has a higher token overlap and richer morphology than Malayalam. Thus, we obtained a worse F1 score of 0.5877 ranking 28th position in the Tamil language among all participants in the shared task.