@article{signoroni-rychly-2026-lombardographia,
    title = "{L}ombardo{G}raphia: Automatic Classification of {L}ombard Orthography Variants",
    author = "Signoroni, Edoardo  and
      Rychly, Pavel",
    editor = "Piperidis, Stelios  and
      Bel, N{\'u}ria  and
      van den Heuvel, Henk  and
      Ide, Nancy  and
      Krek, Simon  and
      Toral, Antonio",
    journal = "International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation",
    volume = "main",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma de Mallorca, Spain",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resource Association",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-lrec/2026.lrec-main.257/",
    pages = "3270--3280",
    abstract = "Lombard, an underresourced language variety spoken by approximately 3.8 million people in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, lacks a unified orthographic standard. Multiple orthographic systems exist, creating challenges for NLP resource development and model training. This paper presents the first study of automatic Lombard orthography classification and LombardoGraphia, a curated corpus of 11,186 Lombard Wikipedia samples tagged across 9 orthographic variants, and models for automatic orthography classification. We curate the dataset, processing and filtering raw Wikipedia content to ensure text suitable for orthographic analysis. We train 24 traditional and neural classification models with various features and encoding levels. Our best models achieve 96.06{\%} and 85.78{\%} overall and average class accuracy, though performance on minority classes remains challenging due to data imbalance. Our work provides crucial infrastructure for building variety-aware NLP resources for Lombard."
}