@article{jiang-etal-2026-littx,
    title = "{L}it{T}x: A New Treatment Relation Extraction Dataset",
    author = "Jiang, Yuhang  and
      Nahian, Md Sultan Al  and
      Xu, Li Hao Richie  and
      Chikkanna, Rani  and
      Kavuluru, Ramakanth",
    editor = "Piperidis, Stelios  and
      Bel, N{\'u}ria  and
      van den Heuvel, Henk  and
      Ide, Nancy  and
      Krek, Simon  and
      Toral, Antonio",
    journal = "International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation",
    volume = "main",
    month = may,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Palma de Mallorca, Spain",
    publisher = "ELRA Language Resource Association",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-lrec/2026.lrec-main.105/",
    pages = "1352--1360",
    abstract = "The interest in biomedical relation extraction (RE) continues to persist even in the LLM era owing to RE being a prominent way to build knowledge graphs, which further ground LLM applications, especially in preventing hallucinations. Therapy-disease treatment relations from scientific literature are an important type in RE as they indicate emerging therapeutic hypotheses and off-label usages being explored in the community. An automatically extracted evolving knowledge-base of such relations will be of great utility to researchers because doing it manually is not viable with the exponential growth of biomedical articles. In this paper, toward this end, we introduce a new expert-annotated dataset LitTx for identifying treatment relationships discussed in literature given the lack of such datasets in the recent past. Besides confirmed or implied positive relations, we also introduce a new ``conditional treatment'' relation type where hedging or a potential relationship is indicated. Our baseline RE models with this new dataset demonstrate promising results, while also revealing clear areas for improvement. To foster innovation and ensure replicability in the biomedical RE community, we release our dataset, code, and annotation guidelines publicly: https://github.com/bionlproc/LitTx{\_}dataset."
}