The rapid growth of social networks has led to a surge in social bots, which often disseminate low-quality content and may manipulate public opinion, posing threats to online security. Although recent GNN-based bot detection methods perform strongly, they still face two major challenges. First, deep GNNs are prone to over-smoothing: neighbor aggregation blends bot and human node representations, obscuring bot-specific features. Second, social graphs are dominated by human–human and human–bot connections, while direct bot–bot links are scarce, making it difficult for effective bot representations to propagate within GNNs. To address these issues, we propose a Topology-Aware Gated Graph Neural Network () to detect social bots. employs topology-aware data augmentation to synthesize realistic bot nodes that preserve the original graph structure, mitigating class imbalance; it also introduces a hierarchical gating mechanism that restructures node embeddings into a tree format, selectively filtering noise and enhancing discriminative features. Experiments on three standard benchmark datasets show that consistently surpasses leading baselines in highly imbalanced settings, delivering superior accuracy and robustness.