@inproceedings{vats-etal-2025-systematic,
    title = "A Systematic Survey of Quantum Natural Language Processing: Models, Encoding Paradigms, and Evaluation Methods",
    author = "Vats, Arpita  and
      Raja, Rahul  and
      Kattamuri, Ashish  and
      Bohra, Abhinav",
    editor = "Pal, Santanu  and
      Pakray, Partha  and
      Jain, Priyanka  and
      Ekbal, Asif  and
      Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the QuantumNLP{\{}:{\}} Integrating Quantum Computing with Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Mumbai, India (Hybrid)",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-ijcnlp-aacl/2025.quantumnlp-1.8/",
    pages = "53--64",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-306-7",
    abstract = "Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) is an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of quantum computing, natural language understanding, and formal linguistic theory. As advances in quantum hardware and algorithms accelerate, QNLP promises new paradigms for representation learning, semantic modeling, and efficient computation. However, existing literature remains fragmented, with no unified synthesis across modeling, encoding, and evaluation dimensions. In this work, we present the first systematic and taxonomy driven survey of QNLP that holistically organizes research spanning three core dimensions: computational models, encoding paradigms, and evaluation frameworks. First, we analyze foundational approaches that map linguistic structures into quantum formalism, including categorical compositional models, variational quantum circuits, and hybrid quantum classical architectures. Second, we introduce a unified taxonomy of encoding strategies, ranging from quantum tokenization and state preparation to embedding based encodings, highlighting tradeoffs in scalability, noise resilience, and expressiveness. Third, we provide the first comparative synthesis of evaluation methodologies, benchmark datasets, and performance metrics, while identifying reproducibility and standardization gaps.We further contrast quantum inspired NLP methods with fully quantum implemented systems, offering insights into resource efficiency, hardware feasibility, and real world applicability. Finally, we outline open challenges such as integration with LLMs and unified benchmark design, and propose a research agenda for advancing QNLP as a scalable and reliable discipline."
}