2025
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AutoDSPy: Automating Modular Prompt Design with Reinforcement Learning for Small and Large Language Models
Nafew Azim
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Abrar Ur Alam
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Hasan Bin Omar
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Abdullah Mohammad Muntasir Adnan Jami
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Jawad Ibn Ahad
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Muhammad Rafsan Kabir
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Md. Ismail Hossain
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Fuad Rahman
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Mohammad Ruhul Amin
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Shafin Rahman
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Nabeel Mohammed
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track
Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at complexreasoning tasks, yet their performance hinges on the quality of their prompts and pipeline structures. Manual promptdesign, as used in frameworks like DSPy, poses significantlimitations: it is time-intensive, demands substantial expertise,and lacks scalability, restricting the widespread use of LLMsacross diverse applications. To overcome these challenges, weintroduce AutoDSPy, the first framework to fully automateDSPy pipeline construction using reinforcement learning (RL).AutoDSPy leverages an RL-tuned policy network to dynamicallyselect optimal reasoning modules—such as Chain-of-Thought forlogical tasks or ReAct for tool integration—along with inputoutput signatures and execution strategies, entirely eliminatingthe need for manual configuration. Experimental results on theGSM8K and HotPotQA benchmarks demonstrate that AutoDSPyoutperforms traditional DSPy baselines, achieving accuracy gainsof up to 4.3% while reducing inference time, even with smallermodels like GPT-2 (127M). By integrating RL-based automation,AutoDSPy enhances both efficiency and accessibility, simplifyingthe development of structured, high-performing LLM solutionsand enabling scalability across a wide range of tasks
2023
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Gold Standard Bangla OCR Dataset: An In-Depth Look at Data Preprocessing and Annotation Processes
Hasmot Ali
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AKM Shahariar Azad Rabby
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Md Majedul Islam
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A.k.m Mahamud
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Nazmul Hasan
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Fuad Rahman
Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track
This research paper focuses on developing an improved Bangla Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system, addressing the challenges posed by the complexity of Bangla text structure, diverse handwriting styles, and the scarcity of comprehensive datasets. Leveraging recent advancements in Deep Learning and OCR techniques, we anticipate a significant enhancement in the performance of Bangla OCR by utilizing a large and diverse collection of labeled Bangla text image datasets. This study introduces the most extensive gold standard corpus for Bangla characters and words, comprising over 4 million human-annotated images. Our dataset encompasses various document types, such as Computer Compose, Letterpress, Typewriters, Outdoor Banner-Poster, and Handwritten documents, gathered from diverse sources. The entire corpus has undergone meticulous human annotation, employing a controlled annotation procedure consisting of three-step annotation and one-step validation, ensuring adherence to gold standard criteria. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the complete data collection procedure. The ICT Division, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, will make the dataset publicly available, facilitating further research and development in Bangla OCR and related domains.
2002
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Automatic Semantic Grouping in a Spoken Language User Interface Toolkit
Hassan Alam
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Hua Cheng
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Rachmat Hartono
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Aman Kumar
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Paul Llido
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Crystal Nakatsu
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Huy Nguyen
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Fuad Rahman
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Yuliya Tarnikova
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Timotius Tjahjadi
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Che Wilcox
COLING 2002: The 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
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Extending a Broad-Coverage Parser for a General NLP Toolkit
Hassan Alam
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Hua Cheng
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Rachmat Hartono
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Aman Kumar
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Paul Llido
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Crystal Nakatsu
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Fuad Rahman
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Yuliya Tarnikova
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Timotius Tjahjadi
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Che Wilcox
COLING 2002: The 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics