@inproceedings{aina-etal-2019-putting,
    title = "Putting Words in Context: {LSTM} Language Models and Lexical Ambiguity",
    author = "Aina, Laura  and
      Gulordava, Kristina  and
      Boleda, Gemma",
    editor = "Korhonen, Anna  and
      Traum, David  and
      M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
    month = jul,
    year = "2019",
    address = "Florence, Italy",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/P19-1324/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/P19-1324",
    pages = "3342--3348",
    abstract = "In neural network models of language, words are commonly represented using context-invariant representations (word embeddings) which are then put in context in the hidden layers. Since words are often ambiguous, representing the contextually relevant information is not trivial. We investigate how an LSTM language model deals with lexical ambiguity in English, designing a method to probe its hidden representations for lexical and contextual information about words. We find that both types of information are represented to a large extent, but also that there is room for improvement for contextual information."
}