@inproceedings{huang-etal-2025-visbias,
    title = "{V}is{B}ias: Measuring Explicit and Implicit Social Biases in Vision Language Models",
    author = "Huang, Jen-tse  and
      Qin, Jiantong  and
      Zhang, Jianping  and
      Yuan, Youliang  and
      Wang, Wenxuan  and
      Zhao, Jieyu",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/2025.emnlp-main.908/",
    pages = "17981--18004",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-332-6",
    abstract = "This research investigates both explicit and implicit social biases exhibited by Vision-Language Models (VLMs). The key distinction between these bias types lies in the level of awareness: explicit bias refers to conscious, intentional biases, while implicit bias operates subconsciously. To analyze explicit bias, we directly pose questions to VLMs related to gender and racial differences: (1) Multiple-choice questions based on a given image (e.g., ``What is the education level of the person in the image?'') (2) Yes-No comparisons using two images (e.g., ``Is the person in the first image more educated than the person in the second image?'') For implicit bias, we design tasks where VLMs assist users but reveal biases through their responses: (1) Image description tasks: Models are asked to describe individuals in images, and we analyze disparities in textual cues across demographic groups. (2) Form completion tasks: Models draft a personal information collection form with 20 attributes, and we examine correlations among selected attributes for potential biases. We evaluate Gemini-1.5, GPT-4V, GPT-4o, LLaMA-3.2-Vision and LLaVA-v1.6. Our code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/uscnlp-lime/VisBias."
}