@inproceedings{park-etal-2025-fluid,
    title = "{FLUID} {QA}: A Multilingual Benchmark for Figurative Language Usage in Dialogue across {E}nglish, {C}hinese, and {K}orean",
    author = "Park, Seoyoon  and
      Choi, Hyeji  and
      Kim, Minseon  and
      An, Subin  and
      Wang, Xiaonan  and
      Choi, Gyuri  and
      Kim, Hansaem",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
      Chakraborty, Tanmoy  and
      Rose, Carolyn  and
      Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/2025.emnlp-main.1540/",
    pages = "30268--30282",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-332-6",
    abstract = "Figurative language conveys stance, emotion, and social nuance, making its appropriate use essential in dialogue. While large language models (LLMs) often succeed in recognizing figurative expressions at the sentence level, their ability to use them coherently in conversation remains uncertain. We introduce FLUID QA, the first multilingual benchmark that evaluates figurative usage in dialogue across English, Korean, and Chinese. Each item embeds figurative choices into multi-turn contexts. To support interpretation, we include FLUTE-bi, a sentence-level diagnostic task. Results reveal a persistent gap: models that perform well on FLUTE-bi frequently fail on FLUID QA, especially in sarcasm and metaphor. These errors reflect systematic rhetorical confusion and limited discourse reasoning. FLUID QA provides a scalable framework for assessing usage-level figurative competence across languages."
}