Truth, Trust, and Trouble: Medical AI on the Edge

Mohammad Anas Azeez, Rafiq Ali, Ebad Shabbir, Zohaib Hasan Siddiqui, Gautam Siddharth Kashyap, Jiechao Gao, Usman Naseem


Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for transforming digital health by enabling automated medical question answering. However, ensuring these models meet critical industry standards for factual accuracy, usefulness, and safety remains a challenge, especially for open-source solutions. We present a rigorous benchmarking framework via a dataset of over 1,000 health questions. We assess model performance across honesty, helpfulness, and harmlessness. Our results highlight trade-offs between factual reliability and safety among evaluated models—Mistral-7B, BioMistral-7B-DARE, and AlpaCare-13B. AlpaCare-13B achieves the highest accuracy (91.7%) and harmlessness (0.92), while domain-specific tuning in BioMistral-7B-DARE boosts safety (0.90) despite smaller scale. Few-shot prompting improves accuracy from 78% to 85%, and all models show reduced helpfulness on complex queries, highlighting challenges in clinical QA. Our code is available at: https://github.com/AnasAzeez/TTT
Anthology ID:
2025.emnlp-industry.69
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track
Month:
November
Year:
2025
Address:
Suzhou (China)
Editors:
Saloni Potdar, Lina Rojas-Barahona, Sebastien Montella
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1017–1025
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/2025.emnlp-industry.69/
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Cite (ACL):
Mohammad Anas Azeez, Rafiq Ali, Ebad Shabbir, Zohaib Hasan Siddiqui, Gautam Siddharth Kashyap, Jiechao Gao, and Usman Naseem. 2025. Truth, Trust, and Trouble: Medical AI on the Edge. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track, pages 1017–1025, Suzhou (China). Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Truth, Trust, and Trouble: Medical AI on the Edge (Azeez et al., EMNLP 2025)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/2025.emnlp-industry.69.pdf