@inproceedings{threlkeld-etal-2022-using,
    title = "Using Transition Duration to Improve Turn-taking in Conversational Agents",
    author = "Threlkeld, Charles  and
      Umair, Muhammad  and
      de Ruiter, Jp",
    editor = "Lemon, Oliver  and
      Hakkani-Tur, Dilek  and
      Li, Junyi Jessy  and
      Ashrafzadeh, Arash  and
      Garcia, Daniel Hern{\'a}ndez  and
      Alikhani, Malihe  and
      Vandyke, David  and
      Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond{\v{r}}ej",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue",
    month = sep,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Edinburgh, UK",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-emnlp/2022.sigdial-1.20/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.sigdial-1.20",
    pages = "193--203",
    abstract = "Smooth turn-taking is an important aspect of natural conversation that allows interlocutors to maintain adequate mutual comprehensibility. In human communication, the timing between utterances is normatively constrained, and deviations convey socially relevant paralinguistic information. However, for spoken dialogue systems, smooth turn-taking continues to be a challenge. This motivates the need for spoken dialogue systems to employ a robust model of turn-taking to ensure that messages are exchanged smoothly and without transmitting unintended paralinguistic information. In this paper, we examine dialogue data from natural human interaction to develop an evidence-based model for turn-timing in spoken dialogue systems. First, we use timing between turns to develop two models of turn-taking: a speaker-agnostic model and a speaker-sensitive model. From the latter model, we derive the propensity of listeners to take the next turn given TRP duration. Finally, we outline how this measure may be incorporated into a spoken dialogue system to improve the naturalness of conversation."
}