ORSO QGen: Odds-Ratio Steerable Optimization for Controlling Question Generation

Andreea Dutulescu, Stefan Ruseti, Mihai Dascalu, Danielle S McNamara


Abstract
Question generation plays an important role in educational applications, enabling automated assessment and reading comprehension support. Attribute-controlled question generation aims to produce questions that fit predefined characteristics such as difficulty, focus, or coverage. Existing methods predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning, which often fails to impose a strong adherence to attribute values, resulting in weak coupling between prompt specifications and model outputs. We introduce Odds-Ratio Steerable Optimization (ORSO), a framework designed to enhance attribute sensitivity in question generation models. Building upon preference-based learning techniques without requiring human-curated preference sets, ORSO employs input-level perturbations to create contrastive training signals. Empirical evaluations on both exhaustive and expert-validated attribute configurations indicate that ORSO performs better in enforcing attribute conformity while maintaining output quality. These results argue for the benefits of explicit attribute-aware optimization in controllable question generation tasks.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-eacl.277
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2026
Month:
March
Year:
2026
Address:
Rabat, Morocco
Editors:
Vera Demberg, Kentaro Inui, Lluís Marquez
Venue:
Findings
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
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Pages:
5248–5259
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-eacl/2026.findings-eacl.277/
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Cite (ACL):
Andreea Dutulescu, Stefan Ruseti, Mihai Dascalu, and Danielle S McNamara. 2026. ORSO QGen: Odds-Ratio Steerable Optimization for Controlling Question Generation. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2026, pages 5248–5259, Rabat, Morocco. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
ORSO QGen: Odds-Ratio Steerable Optimization for Controlling Question Generation (Dutulescu et al., Findings 2026)
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