@inproceedings{maheswaran-desarkar-2026-unified,
    title = "A Unified View on Emotion Representation in Large Language Models",
    author = "Maheswaran, Aishwarya  and
      Desarkar, Maunendra Sankar",
    editor = "Demberg, Vera  and
      Inui, Kentaro  and
      Marquez, Llu{\'i}s",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = mar,
    year = "2026",
    address = "Rabat, Morocco",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-eacl/2026.eacl-long.165/",
    pages = "3589--3610",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-380-7",
    abstract = "Interest in leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for emotional support systems motivates the need to understand how these models comprehend and represent emotions internally. While recent works show the presence of emotion concepts in the hidden state representations, it{'}s unclear if the model has a robust representation that is consistent across different datasets. In this paper, we present a unified view to understand emotion representation in LLMs, experimenting with diverse datasets and prompts. We then evaluate the reasoning ability of the models on a complex emotion identification task. We find that LLMs have a common emotion representation in the later layers of the model, and the vectors capturing the direction of emotions extracted from these representations can be interchanged among datasets with minimal impact on performance. Our analysis of reasoning with Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting shows the limits of emotion comprehension. Therefore, despite LLMs implicitly having emotion representations, they are not equally skilled at reasoning with them in complex scenarios. This motivates the need for further research to find new approaches."
}