Prabhu Prakash Kagitha
2026
Unifying Inference-Time Planning Language Generation
Prabhu Prakash Kagitha | Bo Sun | Ishan Desai | Andrew Zhu | Cassie Huang | Manling Li | Ziyang Li | Li Zhang
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Prabhu Prakash Kagitha | Bo Sun | Ishan Desai | Andrew Zhu | Cassie Huang | Manling Li | Ziyang Li | Li Zhang
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
A line of work in planning uses LLM not to generate a plan, but to generate a formal representation in some planning language, which can be input into a symbolic solver to deterministically find a plan. While showing improved trust and promising performance, dozens of recent publications have proposed scattered methods on a variety of benchmarks under different experimental settings. We attempt to unify the inference-time LLM-as-formalizer methodology for classical planning by proposing a unifying organizational framework based on intermediate representations. We thus systematically evaluate more than a dozen pipelines that subsume most existing work, while proposing novel ones that involve syntactically similar but high-resource intermediate languages (such as a Python wrapper of PDDL). We provide recipes for planning language generation pipelines, draw a series of conclusions showing the efficacy of their various components, and evidence their robustness against problem complexity.