Nan Cheng
2026
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Augmented Step-Level Transitions for LLM Agents
Shuai Zhen | Yanhua Yu | Ruopei Guo | Nan Cheng | Yang Deng
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Shuai Zhen | Yanhua Yu | Ruopei Guo | Nan Cheng | Yang Deng
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex interactive decision-making tasks.However, existing LLM agents typically rely on increasingly long interaction histories, resulting in high computational cost and limited scalability.In this paper, we propose **STEP-HRL**, a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) framework that enables step-level learning by conditioning only on single-step transitions rather than full interaction histories.STEP-HRL structures tasks hierarchically, using completed subtasks to represent *global progress* of overall task. By introducing a *local progress* module, it also iteratively and selectively summarizes interaction history within each subtask to produce a compact summary of local progress.Together, these components yield augmented step-level transitions for both high-level and low-level policies.Experimental results on ScienceWorld and ALFWorld benchmarks consistently demonstrate that STEP-HRL substantially outperforms baselines in terms of performance and generalization while reducing token usage. Our code is available at https://github.com/TonyStark042/STEP-HRL.