Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate in question answering (QA) tasks due to a lack of factual knowledge. While integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) with LLMs has alleviated this issue, existing methods suffer from poor generalization or low reasoning efficiency, and critically, they overlook the learning and reuse of reasoning paths from past experiences. To address these challenges, we introduce Thought-Action Graph (TAG), a structured repository of reasoning experiences. TAG decomposes successful LLM-KG interaction trajectories into fine-grained semantic operators, which are stored in TAG constructed by the thought layer and action layer. Building upon TAG, we propose a novel KGQA paradigm — TAG-Reasoning (TAGR). TAGR first retrieves and assembles reasoning blueprints from TAG, and then guides LLM to efficiently execute on KG according to them. Through this approach, TAGR transforms the computationally expensive online exploration process of LLMs into an offline process of TAG retrieval and assembly. Experimental results on multiple KGQA benchmarks demonstrate that TAGR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods across key metrics, while drastically reducing the number of LLM calls and generated tokens. This work opens new avenues for building continual learning, efficient, and faithful KGQA systems.

“本研究运用事件相关电位技术(event-related potentials, ERPs)在不同语言模式下探索二语学习者的二语经验是否会影响母语加工。实验招募了两组中国日语学习者作为被试,分别参与了接近双语模式的短版本实验和接近单语模式的长版本实验。统计结果显示,在短版本实验中,当汉-日同形异义词作为启动词时,语义相关性因素引发的N400波幅差异并不显著,但是引发的LPC波幅差异显著。在长版本实验中,语义相关性因素引发的N400和LPC的波幅都显著。据此,本研究推论,当被试在母语环境下加工母语语义时,二语语义在接近双语模式的短版本实验中被激活并影响母语加工,这种影响仅存在于N400的时间窗口期。但是,在接近单语模式的长版本实验中,二语语义在两个时间窗口里都没有影响母语加工。本研究从语言模式和时间窗口两个维度拓展了对二语经验影响母语加工的认识,对构建高质量的人类语言计算模型和系统具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。”

“跨语言词汇激活模型是当下语言认知与计算研究的热门话题。本研究运用事件相关电位技术(event-related potentials,ERPs)探索了二语学习者在识别二语(second language,简称L2)词汇时激活母语(native language,简称L1)词汇表征的路径。研究设计了隐性启动范式来开展两个实验,通过观察被试能否感知只有激活L1词汇表征才能发现的对译词重复情况这一隐性条件来推测激活结果。脑电结果显示,实验一的被试在执行语义判断任务时,对译词重复与否产生了显著的N400差异,这表明被试经由概念表征激活了L1词汇表征,进而证明了激活路径Path-1(L2>L1)的存在;实验二的被试在执行书写形式判断任务时,在没有语义启动的情况下,同样感知到了对译词这一隐性条件,这表明他们可以由L2词汇表征直接激活L1词汇表征,从而证明了激活路径子Path-2(L2>L1)的存在。总体而言,词汇识别过程中从L2词汇表征到L1词汇表征的激活路径与修正层次模型(the Revised Hierarchical Model,RHM)描绘的词汇产出过程的激活路径类似。据此,本研究推测,尽管大脑在词汇识别和词汇产生过程中采用不同的处理机制,但在跨语言词汇激活过程中,它们依然存在某些共通之处。”