Kexi Chen


2026

In multivariate long-term time series forecasting, it is widely believed that the effectiveness of self-attention arises from its attention matrix. We challenge this assumption with a counterintuitive finding: our experiments, conducted on three classic and three latest Transformer models, show that dot-product attention can be replaced by element-wise operations without token interaction, such as the addition and Hadamard product, while maintaining or even improving accuracy. This leads to our central hypothesis: the effectiveness of self-attention in this task stems not from the dynamic attention matrix, but from the multi-branch feature extraction inherent in the parallel projections to Query, Key, and Value matrices and their fusion. To validate this, we construct a simple multi-branch MLP that isolates the ‘multi-branch mapping with element-wise operation’ structure from the Transformer and show that it achieves competitive performance. Our results indicate that the source of performance in self-attention has been misattributed, suggesting that the true benefit lies in the architectural principle of multi-branch mapping and fusion, not in the attention matrix.