Jie Cheng
2026
PaCoRe: Learning to Scale Test-Time Compute with Parallel Coordinated Reasoning
Jingcheng Hu | Yinmin Zhang | Shijie Shang | Xiaobo Yang | Yue Peng | Zhewei Huang | Hebin Zhou | Xin Wu | Jie Cheng | Fanqi Wan | Xiangwen Kong | Chengyuan Yao | Kaiwen Yan | Ailin Huang | Hongyu Zhou | Qi Han | Zheng Ge | Xiangyu Zhang | Heung-Yeung Shum
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Jingcheng Hu | Yinmin Zhang | Shijie Shang | Xiaobo Yang | Yue Peng | Zhewei Huang | Hebin Zhou | Xin Wu | Jie Cheng | Fanqi Wan | Xiangwen Kong | Chengyuan Yao | Kaiwen Yan | Ailin Huang | Hongyu Zhou | Qi Han | Zheng Ge | Xiangyu Zhang | Heung-Yeung Shum
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
We introduce Parallel Coordinated Reasoning (PaCoRe), a training-and-inference framework designed to overcome a central limitation of contemporary language models: their inability to scale test-time compute (TTC) far beyond sequential reasoning under a fixed context window. PaCoRe departs from the traditional sequential paradigm by driving TTC through massive parallel exploration coordinated via a message-passing architecture in multiple rounds. Each round launches many parallel reasoning trajectories, compacts their findings into context-bounded messages, and synthesizes these messages to guide the next round and ultimately produce the final answer. Trained end-to-end with large-scale, outcome-based reinforcement learning, the model masters the synthesis abilities required by PaCoRe and scales to multi-million-token effective TTC without exceeding context limits. The approach yields strong improvements across diverse domains and notably pushes reasoning beyond frontier systems in mathematics: an 8B model reaches 94.5% on HMMT 2025, surpassing GPT-5’s 93.2% by scaling effective TTC to roughly two million tokens. We open-source model checkpoints, training data, and the full inference pipeline to accelerate follow-up work.