Divyaksh Shukla
2026
Calibration vs Decision Making: Revisiting the Reliability Paradox in Unlearned Language Models
Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2026)
Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2026)
Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a model while preserving reliable behavior on the remaining data, making reliable prediction and uncertainty estimation essential for evaluation. Calibration is commonly used as a proxy for reliability in language models, but low calibration error does not necessarily imply reliable decision rules, as models may rely on spurious correlations while remaining well calibrated. We investigate this gap in generative language models using the multiple-choice question-answering evaluation protocol on the TOFU benchmark, measuring probabilistic reliability with calibration metrics (ECE, MCE, Brier) and decision-rule reliability via attribution-based shortcut detection with Integrated Gradients and Local Mutual Information. We find that fine-tuned models achieve low calibration error (ECE ≈ 0.04) compared to pretrained models (ECE > 0.5), and models after unlearning retain similarly low calibration despite reduced accuracy on the forget split, while attribution analysis shows increased reliance on correlation-based tokens. These results demonstrate that good calibration can coexist with shortcut-based decision rules after unlearning, extending the reliability paradox to the machine unlearning setting.
2025
Towards Quantifying Commonsense Reasoning with Mechanistic Insights
Abhinav Joshi | Areeb Ahmad | Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Abhinav Joshi | Areeb Ahmad | Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
CoMuMDR: Code-mixed Multi-modal Multi-domain corpus for Discourse paRsing in conversations
Divyaksh Shukla | Ritesh Baviskar | Dwijesh Gohil | Aniket Tiwari | Atul Shree | Ashutosh Modi
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
Divyaksh Shukla | Ritesh Baviskar | Dwijesh Gohil | Aniket Tiwari | Atul Shree | Ashutosh Modi
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
Discourse parsing is an important task useful for NLU applications such as summarization, machine comprehension, and emotion recognition. The current discourse parsing datasets based on conversations consists of written English dialogues restricted to a single domain. In this resource paper, we introduce CoMuMDR: Code-mixed Multi-modal Multi-domain corpus for Discourse paRsing in conversations. The corpus (code-mixed in Hindi and English) has both audio and transcribed text and is annotated with nine discourse relations. We experiment with various SoTA baseline models; the poor performance of SoTA models highlights the challenges of multi-domain code-mixed corpus, pointing towards the need for developing better models for such realistic settings.
2024
IITK at SemEval-2024 Task 10: Who is the speaker? Improving Emotion Recognition and Flip Reasoning in Conversations via Speaker Embeddings
Shubham Patel | Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2024)
Shubham Patel | Divyaksh Shukla | Ashutosh Modi
Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2024)
This paper presents our approach for the SemEval-2024 Task 10: Emotion Discovery and Reasoning its Flip in Conversations. We propose a transformer-based speaker-centric model for the Emotion Flip Reasoning (EFR) task and a masked-memory network along with a speaker participation vector for the Emotion Recognition in Conversations (ERC) task. We propose a Probable Trigger Zone, which is more likely to contain the utterances causing the emotion of a speaker to flip. In EFR, sub-task 3, the proposed approach archives a 5.9 (F1 score) improvement over the provided task baseline. The ablation study results highlight the significance of various design choices in the proposed method.
Towards Robust Evaluation of Unlearning in LLMs via Data Transformations
Abhinav Joshi | Shaswati Saha | Divyaksh Shukla | Sriram Vema | Harsh Jhamtani | Manas Gaur | Ashutosh Modi
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Abhinav Joshi | Shaswati Saha | Divyaksh Shukla | Sriram Vema | Harsh Jhamtani | Manas Gaur | Ashutosh Modi
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best efforts during the data pre-processing stage while training the LLMs, they may pick some undesirable information such as personally identifiable information (PII). Consequently, in recent times research in the area of Machine Unlearning (MUL) has become active, the main idea is to force LLMs to forget (unlearn) certain information (e.g., PII) without suffering from performance loss on regular tasks. In this work, we examine the robustness of the existing MUL techniques for their ability to enable leakage-proof forgetting in LLMs. In particular, we examine the effect of data transformation on forgetting, i.e., is an unlearned LLM able to recall forgotten information if there is a change in the format of the input? Our findings on the TOFU dataset highlight the necessity of using diverse data formats to quantify unlearning in LLMs more reliably.