Large Language Models have recently shown impressive capabilities in reasoning and code generation, making them promising tools for natural language interfaces to relational databases. However, existing approaches often fail to generalize in complex, real-world settings due to the highly database-specific nature of SQL reasoning, which requires deep familiarity with unique schemas, ambiguous semantics, and intricate join paths. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel two-stage LLM-based framework that decouples knowledge acquisition from query generation. In the Exploration Stage, the system autonomously constructs a database-specific knowledge base by navigating the schema with a Monte Carlo Tree Search–inspired strategy, generating triplets of schema fragments, executable queries, and natural language descriptions as usage examples. In the Deployment Stage, a dual-agent system leverages the collected knowledge as in-context examples to iteratively retrieve relevant information and generate accurate SQL queries in response to user questions. This design enables the agent to proactively familiarize itself with unseen databases and handle complex, multi-step reasoning. Extensive experiments on large-scale benchmarks demonstrate that our approach significantly improves accuracy over strong baselines, highlighting its effectiveness and generalizability.

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer bidirectional attention and parallel generation, enabling them to exploit global context and naturally support format-constrained tasks like parseable JSON or reasoning templates. While straightforward fixed anchors can enforce such constraints, they often impose rigid spans, leading to truncated reasoning or redundant content. To overcome this, we propose Dynamic Infilling Anchors (DIA), a training-free method that dynamically estimates end-anchor positions to adjust generation length before iterative infilling. This flexible mechanism ensures structural correctness and semantic coherence, avoiding the inefficiencies of fixed-span methods. Experiments on reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that DIA substantially improves format compliance and answer accuracy, achieving significant zero-shot gains on GSM8K and MATH. These results establish DIA as a robust pathway toward reliable, structure-aware generation.

Recent advancements in visual context compression enable MLLMs to process ultra-long contexts efficiently by rendering text into images. However, we identify a critical vulnerability inherent to this paradigm: lowering image resolution inadvertently catalyzes jailbreaking. Our experiments reveal that the safety defenses of SOTA models deteriorate sharply as resolution degrades, surprisingly persisting even when text remains legible. We attribute this to “Cognitive Overload“, hypothesizing that the effort required to decipher degraded inputs diverts attentional resources from safety auditing. This phenomenon is consistent across various visual perturbations, including noise and geometric distortion. To address this, we propose a simple “Structured Cognitive Offloading” strategy that mitigates these risks by enforcing a serialized pipeline to decouple visual transcription from safety assessment. Our work exposes a significant risk in vision-based compression and provides critical insights for the secure design of future MLLMs.