Bowei Zhang
2026
Towards Trustworthy Smart Contract Synthesis: A Multi-Agent Framework with Lean-Based Verification
Bowei Zhang | Hanbing Liu | Qixin Tian | Siyu Chen | Ziyuan Wang | Qi Qi
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Bowei Zhang | Hanbing Liu | Qixin Tian | Siyu Chen | Ziyuan Wang | Qi Qi
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Smart Contracts are the foundation of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), executing financial logic without trusted intermediaries. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially lowered the barrier to smart contract development by enabling code generation from natural language. However, because smart contracts are immutable and directly manage financial assets, this accessibility introduces a critical trust gap: generated contracts are easy to produce but hard to trust. To bridge this gap, we present LeVer, the first trustworthy smart contract synthesis framework that integrates LLM-based generation with Lean-based auto-formalization and Verification. LeVer employs a closed-loop multi-agent architecture to iteratively generate, verify, attack, and repair contracts, providing both formal guarantees and empirical robustness. To facilitate the adoption of automated formal verification in smart contract generation and audition, we open-source our framework and datasets at: https://github.com/gl-bowei/LeVer
2025
Unlocking LLM Safeguards for Low-Resource Languages via Reasoning and Alignment with Minimal Training Data
Zhuowei Chen | Bowei Zhang | Nankai Lin | Tian Hou | Lianxi Wang
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Multilingual Representation Learning (MRL 2025)
Zhuowei Chen | Bowei Zhang | Nankai Lin | Tian Hou | Lianxi Wang
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Multilingual Representation Learning (MRL 2025)
Recent advances in LLMs have enhanced AI capabilities, but also increased the risk posed by malicious requests, highlighting the need for effective LLM safeguards to detect such queries. Existing approaches largely rely on classifier-based methods that lack interpretability and perform poorly on low-resource languages. To address these limitations, we propose ConsistentGuard, a novel reasoning-based multilingual safeguard, which enhances explainability via reasoning and boosts knowledge transfer between languages through alignment. With only 1,000 training samples, our method demonstrates superior performance on three datasets across six languages, outperforming larger models trained with significantly more data, and exhibits strong interpretability and generalization ability. We also contribute a multilingual benchmark extension and release our code to support future research.