CodeBind: Decoupled Representation Learning for Multimodal Alignment with Unified Compositional Codebook

Zeyu Chen, Jie Li, Kai Han


Abstract
Multimodal representation alignment is pivotal for large language models and robotics. Traditional methods are often hindered by cross-modal information discrepancies and data scarcity, leading to suboptimal alignment spaces that overlook modality-unique features. We propose CodeBind, a framework that optimizes multimodal representation spaces through a modality-shared-specific codebook design. By incrementally aligning target and bridging modalities, CodeBind bypasses the need for fully paired data. Unlike traditional hard alignment, CodeBind decomposes features into shared components for semantic consistency and specific components for modality-unique details. This design utilizes a compositional vector quantization scheme, where a shared codebook bridges modality gaps and modality-specific codebooks mitigate representation bias by preventing dominant modalities from overshadowing others. Validated across nine modalities (text, image, video, audio, depth, thermal, tactile, 3D point cloud, EEG), CodeBind achieves state-of-the-art performance in multimodal classification and retrieval tasks. Project page: https://visual-ai.github.io/codebind
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-acl.987
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, United States
Editors:
Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang, David Jurgens
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Findings
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
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Pages:
19712–19738
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.987/
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Cite (ACL):
Zeyu Chen, Jie Li, and Kai Han. 2026. CodeBind: Decoupled Representation Learning for Multimodal Alignment with Unified Compositional Codebook. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 19712–19738, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
CodeBind: Decoupled Representation Learning for Multimodal Alignment with Unified Compositional Codebook (Chen et al., Findings 2026)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.987.pdf
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