Faithful-First Reasoning, Planning, and Acting for Multimodal LLMs

Junxian Li, Xinyue Xu, Sai Ma, Di Zhang, Sichao Li


Abstract
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) frequently suffer from unfaithfulness, generating reasoning chains that drift from visual evidence or contradict final predictions. We propose Faithful-First Reasoning, Planning, and Acting (RPA) framework in which FaithEvi provides step-wise and chain-level supervision by evaluating the faithfulness of intermediate reasoning, and FaithAct uses these signals to plan and execute faithfulness-aware actions during inference. Experiments across multiple multimodal reasoning benchmarks show that faithful-first RPA improves perceptual faithfulness by up to 24% over prompt-based and tool-augmented reasoning frameworks, without degrading task accuracy. Our analysis shows that treating faithfulness as a guiding principle perceptually faithful reasoning trajectories and mitigates hallucination behavior. This work thereby establishes a unified framework for both evaluating and enforcing faithfulness in multimodal reasoning. Code is at https://github.com/lijunxian111/Faithful-First-RPA.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-acl.336
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, United States
Editors:
Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang, David Jurgens
Venue:
Findings
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
6777–6793
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.336/
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Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Junxian Li, Xinyue Xu, Sai Ma, Di Zhang, and Sichao Li. 2026. Faithful-First Reasoning, Planning, and Acting for Multimodal LLMs. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 6777–6793, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Faithful-First Reasoning, Planning, and Acting for Multimodal LLMs (Li et al., Findings 2026)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.336.pdf
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