@inproceedings{kim-kang-2026-leveraging,
    title = "Leveraging External Knowledge for Historical Document Restoration via Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models",
    author = "Kim, Gabeen  and
      Kang, Kyeongpil",
    editor = "Liakata, Maria  and
      Moreira, Viviane P.  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Jurgens, David",
    booktitle = "Findings of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics: {ACL} 2026",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California, United States",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.2148/",
    pages = "43290--43304",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-395-1",
    abstract = "Historical documents act as invaluable knowledge archives but often suffer from illegibility due to physical deterioration and damage. While existing restoration methods based on masked language modeling effectively utilize local context, they struggle to restore named entities that require external historical knowledge. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel framework for historical document restoration that leverages large language models with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). By combining the implicit knowledge of pre-trained LLMs with explicitly retrieved external context, our model ARI effectively mitigates the challenge of inferring context-dependent proper nouns. Extensive experiments on Korean historical documents demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms baselines, achieving substantial gains in restoring both general characters and named entities. Furthermore, comprehensive evaluations including expert assessments confirm that \textbf{ARI} serves as a practical tool for domain experts, promising to accelerate the analysis of historical records."
}