@inproceedings{qin-etal-2026-entrobench,
    title = "{E}ntro{B}ench: Evaluating {LLM} Watermarking Under Multi-Entropy Scenarios and Practical User Operations",
    author = "Qin, Pengyuan  and
      Tu, Linnan  and
      Ke, Yuhan  and
      Ling, Hefei",
    editor = "Liakata, Maria  and
      Moreira, Viviane P.  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Jurgens, David",
    booktitle = "Findings of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics: {ACL} 2026",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California, United States",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.2089/",
    pages = "42101--42118",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-395-1",
    abstract = "Large language models (LLMs) watermarking has been proposed as an active approach for content provenance verification, yet existing evaluations are largely confined to fixed entropy settings. In this paper, we introduce EntroBench, a benchmark for LLM watermarking that systematically covers three entropy levels and seven representative tasks. We conducted a fair evaluation of eight watermarking methods through hyper-parameter search based on an anchored dataset. We find that current approaches struggle to perform consistently across different entropy levels. Our analysis reveals a clear trade-off between watermark detectability and downstream output quality that varies across tasks and entropy conditions. Furthermore, we assess watermark robustness under realistic user interaction scenarios and show that common, non-adversarial user behaviors can substantially degrade watermark signals. These results indicate that practical usage-driven perturbations pose a significant challenge to current watermarking techniques. EntroBench provides a unified evaluation framework for studying these issues and supports the development of more adaptive and robust LLM watermarking methods. Dataset and codes are available at https://github.com/py-qin/EntroBench."
}