CoopValue: Revealing LLM Value Preferences Through Multi-Agent Cooperation

Zee Hen Tang, Mi-Yen Yeh


Abstract
Existing evaluations of large language models primarily rely on single-agent dilemmas or static binary-choice tasks, offering limited insight into how cooperation contexts influence LLM behavior. We introduce CoopValue, a multi-agent evaluation framework that assesses LLMs’ value preferences through cooperative scenarios. CoopValue includes 1,778 scenarios spanning all pairwise conflicts among the 10 Schwartz values and three cooperation types: reciprocal, coopetitive, and altruistic. We evaluate 24 LLMs across 8 model families and examine how their value preferences vary across different cooperative contexts, showing the importance of assessing LLM value preferences in interactive, context-sensitive settings to guide the selection and deployment of LLMs aligned with desired cooperative behavior.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-acl.1887
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, United States
Editors:
Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang, David Jurgens
Venue:
Findings
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Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
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Pages:
37846–37885
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1887/
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Cite (ACL):
Zee Hen Tang and Mi-Yen Yeh. 2026. CoopValue: Revealing LLM Value Preferences Through Multi-Agent Cooperation. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 37846–37885, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
CoopValue: Revealing LLM Value Preferences Through Multi-Agent Cooperation (Tang & Yeh, Findings 2026)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1887.pdf
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