Good Reasoning Makes Good Demonstrations: Implicit Reasoning Quality Supervision via In-Context Reinforcement Learning

Tiehua Mei, Minxuan Lv, Leiyu Pan, Zhenpeng Su, Hongru Hou, Hengrui Chen, Ao Xu, Deqing Yang


Abstract
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves reasoning in large language models but treats all correct solutions equally, potentially reinforcing flawed traces that arrive at correct answers by chance. We observe that better reasoning makes better demonstrations: high-quality solutions serve as more effective in-context examples than low-quality ones. We term this teaching ability Demonstration Utility, and show that the policy model’s own in-context learning ability provides an efficient way to measure it, yielding a quality signal termed Evidence Gain. To leverage this signal during training, we introduce In-Context RLVR, which prepends demonstrations before each rollout. Theoretically, we prove that this simple input modification implicitly reweights rewards by a factor approximately proportional to Evidence Gain, assigning higher weights to high-quality traces without requiring costly computation. Experiments on mathematical reasoning benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements in both accuracy and reasoning quality over standard RLVR baselines. Our codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/Mithas-114/IC-DAPO.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-acl.1523
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, United States
Editors:
Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang, David Jurgens
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
30452–30469
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1523/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Tiehua Mei, Minxuan Lv, Leiyu Pan, Zhenpeng Su, Hongru Hou, Hengrui Chen, Ao Xu, and Deqing Yang. 2026. Good Reasoning Makes Good Demonstrations: Implicit Reasoning Quality Supervision via In-Context Reinforcement Learning. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 30452–30469, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Good Reasoning Makes Good Demonstrations: Implicit Reasoning Quality Supervision via In-Context Reinforcement Learning (Mei et al., Findings 2026)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1523.pdf
Checklist:
 2026.findings-acl.1523.checklist.pdf