Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarks

Nobin Sarwar, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Zheyuan Liu, Vaidehi Patil


Abstract
With the growing adoption of VLMs, DMs, LLMs, and AFMs, these multimodal foundation models can inadvertently encode sensitive, copyrighted, biased, or unsafe cross-modal associations that originate from their training data. Retraining after deletion requests or policy updates is often impractical, and targeted forgetting remains difficult because knowledge is distributed across shared representations. Multimodal unlearning addresses this challenge by enabling selective removal across modalities while retaining overall utility. This survey offers a unified, system-oriented view of multimodal unlearning across vision, language, audio, and video, grounded in recent advances, emerging applications, and open problems. Our taxonomy enables systematic comparison across model architectures and modalities, clarifying trade-offs among deletion strength, retention, efficiency, reversibility, and robustness. This survey highlights open problems and practical considerations to support future research and deployment of multimodal unlearning.
Anthology ID:
2026.findings-acl.1379
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, United States
Editors:
Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang, David Jurgens
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
27702–27730
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URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1379/
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Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Nobin Sarwar, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Zheyuan Liu, and Vaidehi Patil. 2026. Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarks. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026, pages 27702–27730, San Diego, California, United States. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarks (Sarwar et al., Findings 2026)
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https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.findings-acl.1379.pdf
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