@inproceedings{mooney-ho-2026-towards,
    title = "Towards A Scanpath-Conditioned Surprisal Theory: Modeling Reader Information States",
    author = "Mooney, Michael  and
      Ho, Edmond S. L.",
    editor = "Liakata, Maria  and
      Moreira, Viviane P.  and
      Zhang, Jiajun  and
      Jurgens, David",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California, United States",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl/2026.acl-long.1919/",
    pages = "41366--41380",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-390-6",
    abstract = "Standard surprisal is typically computed from the linear text prefix, but human reading is non-linear and memory constrained: readers skip words, regress, and do not retain prior context perfectly. We propose a formulation of surprisal conditioned on a reader-specific accessible information state given by the scanpath history and memory dynamics, rather than by the written prefix alone. Prior context is treated as only probabilistically accessible at each fixation, allowing predictability to depend on both non-linear exposure and forgetting. We evaluate the approach on eye-tracking corpora using held-out log-likelihood over standard duration based reading measures. Across model variants, conditioning on accessible information states improves predictive fit over standard surprisal baselines. These results suggest that predictability in human reading is better characterized relative to the reader{'}s evolving accessible information state than to the written prefix alone."
}