The Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) staging system is critical to cancer treatment. This study aims to predict TNM stage labels independently, with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pathology report as the sixth shared task of SMM4H-HeaRD 2026. The problem is framed as three multi-label classification tasks. We explore both classical and deep learning approaches using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) features and embeddings from ClinicalBERT, BioBERT, and PubMedBERT. These representations are used with Logistic Regression (LR), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNN), and Wide Residual Networks (WRN). Our results show that individual embeddings perform similarly to the TNM label classification, while their combination improves its predictive ability. WRN achieves AUROC scores of 0.839 (T), 0.8502 (N), and 0.803 (M) with F1-scores of 0.622, 0.702, and 0.9337, respectively, for the training phase. LightGBM with TF-IDF performs best with AUROC scores of 0.9368 (T), 0.9524 (N), and 0.8311 (M) and F1-scores of 0.7559 (T), 0.7384 (N), and 0.7017 (M) during the training phase. Furthermore, the result of the Codabench for the test sets indicates a Macro-F1 score of 0.978, 0.957, and 0.879 for the T, N, and M categories respectively for test set 1; while test set 2 records a Macro-F1 score for T, N, and M is 0.807, 0.767, 1.0 respectively. However, performance declined during the evaluation phase of the test sets, a drop from 0.938 for test set 1 to 0.858 for test set 2, for the Macro-F1 score across all stages; suggesting limitations in model generalizability, sensitivity to class imbalance, and challenges in processing lengthy clinical documents. Although this study provides an efficient baseline model and a reproducible pipeline, further optimization and validation are required before it can be considered suitable for use in a real-world clinical setting.

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains in various natural language tasks. Entailment tasks, however, are more difficult to achieve with a high-performance model. The task is to use safe natural language models to conclude biomedical clinical trial reports (CTRs). The Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trial Data (NLI4CT) task aims to define a given entailment and hypothesis based on CTRs. This paper aims to address the challenges of medical abbreviations and numerical data that can be logically inferred from one another due to acronyms, using different data pre-processing techniques to explain such data. This paper presents a model for NLI4CT SemEval 2024 task 2 that trains the data with DeBERTa, BioLink, BERT, GPT2, BioGPT, and Clinical BERT using the best training approaches, such as fine-tuning, prompt tuning, and contrastive learning. Furthermore, to validate these models, different experiments have been carried out. Our best system is built on an ensemble of different models with different training settings, which achieves an F1 score of 0.77, a faithfulness score of 0.76, and a consistency score of 0.75 and secures the sixth rank in the official leaderboard. In conclusion, this paper has addressed challenges in medical text analysis by exploring various NLP techniques, evaluating multiple advanced natural languagemodels(NLM) models and achieving good results with the ensemble model. Additionally, this project has contributed to the advancement of safe and effective NLMs for analysing complex medical data in CTRs.