@inproceedings{li-etal-2026-exploratory,
    title = "Exploratory As-Analyzed No-Detection of Culturally-Marked Predicate-Triggered {PII} Amplification in a Synthetic-{E}nglish {RAG} Probe: A Predicate-Resource-Confounded Audit",
    author = "Li, Yanhang  and
      Fan, Zhichao  and
      Zhuang, Zexin",
    editor = "Ma, Weicheng  and
      Vosoughi, Soroush  and
      Gillani, Nabeel  and
      Coto-Solano, Rolando",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Stereotypes Across Cultures in Language Technologies ({S}tere{AC}u{LT} 2026)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California, United States",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl-workshops/2026.stereacult-1.3/",
    pages = "20--34",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-408-8",
    abstract = "We ask whether stereotype-loaded queries about culturally marked people leak more personal information from a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system than otherwise equivalent neutral queries. We pre-register a four-culture audit covering en-Anglo, es-LATAM, Arabic, and Hindi probes on a synthetic English PII corpus, comparing five paired query arms via the Stereotype-Trigger Leakage Delta (STLD). The locked confirmatory estimator was not run, so all reported tests are exploratory or sensitivity analyses, with deviations documented. We also identify a prompt-echo confound in the name-leakage metric: the model often re-emits the queried name, inflating apparent leakage without retrieval extraction. On cleaner non-name channels{---}email, phone, SSN-like identifier, and address{---}we find no stereotype-driven amplification for any culture after multiple-comparison correction. One name-included es-LATAM cell is significant in the negative direction, but matched-arm decomposition and an expanded culture-neutral control sensitivity suggest a high-leak control-predicate sampling artifact rather than a stereotype-treatment effect. Because the study is powered only for mid-sized effects and the culturally marked probe bank mixes stereotype content with cultural markers and heritage practices, we interpret the results as no detection{---}not evidence of no effect{---}of culturally marked predicate-triggered PII amplification under this synthetic-English RAG setting. The paper contributes a preregistered stereotype-as-privacy-side-channel test, diagnoses prompt-echo and predicate-resource confounds, and outlines release of the synthetic corpus, predicate bank, query generator, audit scripts, and analysis code upon acceptance"
}