@inproceedings{morales-sanchez-etal-2026-reliable,
    title = "Reliable Automated Triage in {S}panish Clinical Notes: A Hybrid Framework for Risk-Aware {HIV} Suspicion Identification",
    author = "Morales-S{\'a}nchez, Rodrigo  and
      Montalvo, Soto  and
      Mart{\'i}nez, Raquel",
    editor = "Demner-Fushman, Dina  and
      Ananiadou, Sophia  and
      Roberts, Kirk  and
      Tsujii, Junichi",
    booktitle = "{B}io{NLP} 2026",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl-workshops/2026.bionlp-1.8/",
    pages = "84--96",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-434-7",
    abstract = "Standard clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks often yield inflated metrics by forcing deterministic classification on ambiguous instances, thereby obscuring the clinical risks of overconfident predictions. To bridge this gap, we propose a risk-aware hybrid selective classification framework, evaluated on early Human Immunodeficiency Virus suspicion identification in Spanish clinical notes. Our dual-verification approach explicitly decouples aleatoric uncertainty through Mondrian conformal prediction and epistemic uncertainty using a Multi-Centroid Mahalanobis Distance veto. Empirical evaluations reveal that standard uncertainty metrics and baseline classifiers are structurally insufficient for safe medical triage, suffering severe coverage collapse when forced to operate under strict reliability constraints. In contrast, by demanding that clinical narratives pass both probabilistic and geometric safeguards, the proposed framework successfully isolates a highly trustworthy operational domain.The obtained results show that explicit, decoupled uncertainty quantification is essential for translating biomedical NLP into responsible clinical practice."
}