Teaching Through Analogies: A Modular Pipeline for Educational Analogy Generation

Mariam Barakat, Ekaterina Kochmar


Abstract
We present a modular pipeline for educational analogy generation, decomposed into four stages – source finding, sub-concept generation, explanation generation, and evaluation – grounded in Structure Mapping Theory. Evaluating 12 LLMs across six model families on SCAR and ParallelPARC, we find that sub-concept grounding substantially improves retrieval precision and explanation quality but offers limited benefit in open-ended generation. We further validate an LLM-as-a-judge methodology against human annotations, finding that Claude Sonnet 4.6 aligns more reliably with human rankings than with absolute scores. Our results highlight cross-stage interactions that isolated studies cannot capture, and position sub-concept grounding as a key driver of analogy quality.
Anthology ID:
2026.bea-1.59
Volume:
Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026)
Month:
July
Year:
2026
Address:
San Diego, California, USA
Editors:
Ekaterina Kochmar, Bashar Alhafni, Stefano Bannò, Marie Bexte, Jill Burstein, Andrea Horbach, Ronja Laarmann-Quante, Anais Tack, Victoria Yaneva, Zheng Yuan
Venues:
BEA | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
863–898
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl-workshops/2026.bea-1.59/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Mariam Barakat and Ekaterina Kochmar. 2026. Teaching Through Analogies: A Modular Pipeline for Educational Analogy Generation. In Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2026), pages 863–898, San Diego, California, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Teaching Through Analogies: A Modular Pipeline for Educational Analogy Generation (Barakat & Kochmar, BEA 2026)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-acl-workshops/2026.bea-1.59.pdf