Xing Xu
2023
LLM-Adapters: An Adapter Family for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
Zhiqiang Hu
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Lei Wang
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Yihuai Lan
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Wanyu Xu
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Ee-Peng Lim
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Lidong Bing
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Xing Xu
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Soujanya Poria
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Roy Lee
Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
The success of large language models (LLMs), like GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to the development of numerous cost-effective and accessible alternatives that are created by finetuning open-access LLMs with task-specific data (e.g., ChatDoctor) or instruction data (e.g., Alpaca). Among the various fine-tuning methods, adapter-based parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is undoubtedly one of the most attractive topics, as it only requires fine-tuning a few external parameters instead of the entire LLMs while achieving comparable or even better performance. To enable further research on PEFT methods of LLMs, this paper presents LLM-Adapters, an easy-to-use framework that integrates various adapters into LLMs and can execute these adapter-based PEFT methods of LLMs for different tasks. The framework includes state-of-the-art open-access LLMs such as LLaMA, BLOOM, and GPT-J, as well as widely used adapters such as Series adapters, Parallel adapter, Prompt-based learning and Reparametrization-based methods. Moreover, we conduct extensive empirical studies on the impact of adapter types, placement locations, and hyper-parameters to the best design for each adapter-based methods. We evaluate the effectiveness of the adapters on fourteen datasets from two different reasoning tasks, Arithmetic Reasoning and Commonsense Reasoning. The results demonstrate that using adapter-based PEFT in smaller-scale LLMs (7B) with few extra trainable parameters yields comparable, and in some cases superior, performance to powerful LLMs (175B) in zero-shot inference on simple math reasoning datasets.
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Co-authors
- Zhiqiang Hu 1
- Lei Wang 1
- Yihuai Lan 1
- Wanyu Xu 1
- Ee-Peng Lim 1
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