GumbelSoft: Diversified Language Model Watermarking via the GumbelMax-trick
Jiayi Fu, Xuandong Zhao, Ruihan Yang, Yuansen Zhang, Jiangjie Chen, Yanghua Xiao
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) excellently generate human-like text, but also raise concerns about misuse in fake news and academic dishonesty. Decoding-based watermark, particularly the watermark based on the GumbelMax trick (GM watermark), is a standout solution for safeguarding machine-generated texts due to its notable detectability. However, GM watermark encounters a major challenge with generation diversity, always yielding identical outputs for the same prompt, negatively impacting generation diversity and user experience. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a new type of GM watermark, the Logits-Addition watermark, as well as three variants that aim to enhance diversity, particularly the GumbelSoft watermark (i.e., the softmax variant of the Logits-Addition watermark). When assessed for detectability in high diversity settings, our Gumbelsoft demonstrates superior performance, with its AUROC score exceeding those of the two alternative variants by a margin of 0.1 to 0.3 and outperforming other decoding-based watermarking methods by a minimum of 0.1.- Anthology ID:
- 2024.acl-long.315
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
- Month:
- August
- Year:
- 2024
- Address:
- Bangkok, Thailand
- Editors:
- Lun-Wei Ku, Andre Martins, Vivek Srikumar
- Venue:
- ACL
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 5791–5808
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2024.acl-long.315
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.315
- Cite (ACL):
- Jiayi Fu, Xuandong Zhao, Ruihan Yang, Yuansen Zhang, Jiangjie Chen, and Yanghua Xiao. 2024. GumbelSoft: Diversified Language Model Watermarking via the GumbelMax-trick. In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 5791–5808, Bangkok, Thailand. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- GumbelSoft: Diversified Language Model Watermarking via the GumbelMax-trick (Fu et al., ACL 2024)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/ingest-2024-clasp/2024.acl-long.315.pdf