Monolingual or Multilingual Instruction Tuning: Which Makes a Better Alpaca

Pinzhen Chen, Shaoxiong Ji, Nikolay Bogoychev, Andrey Kutuzov, Barry Haddow, Kenneth Heafield


Abstract
Foundational large language models (LLMs) can be instruction-tuned to perform open-domain question answering, facilitating applications like chat assistants. While such efforts are often carried out in a single language, we empirically analyze cost-efficient strategies for multilingual scenarios. Our study employs the Alpaca dataset and machine translations of it to form multilingual data, which is then used to tune LLMs through either low-rank adaptation or full-parameter training. Under a controlled computation budget, comparisons show that multilingual tuning is on par or better than tuning a model for each language. Furthermore, multilingual tuning with downsampled data can be as powerful and more robust. Our findings serve as a guide for expanding language support through instruction tuning.
Anthology ID:
2024.findings-eacl.90
Volume:
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2024
Month:
March
Year:
2024
Address:
St. Julian’s, Malta
Editors:
Yvette Graham, Matthew Purver
Venue:
Findings
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1347–1356
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-eacl.90
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Pinzhen Chen, Shaoxiong Ji, Nikolay Bogoychev, Andrey Kutuzov, Barry Haddow, and Kenneth Heafield. 2024. Monolingual or Multilingual Instruction Tuning: Which Makes a Better Alpaca. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2024, pages 1347–1356, St. Julian’s, Malta. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Monolingual or Multilingual Instruction Tuning: Which Makes a Better Alpaca (Chen et al., Findings 2024)
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