Aditya Kanade
2025
An empirical study of validating synthetic data for formula generation
Usneek Singh
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José Cambronero
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Sumit Gulwani
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Aditya Kanade
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Anirudh Khatry
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Vu Le
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Mukul Singh
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Gust Verbruggen
Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2025
Large language models (LLMs) can be leveraged to help write formulas in spreadsheets, but formula data resources are scarce, impacting both the base performance of pre-trained models and limiting the ability to fine-tune them. Given a corpus of formulas, we can use another model to generate synthetic natural language utterances for fine-tuning. However, it is important to validate whether the natural language (NL) generated by the LLM is accurate for it to be beneficial for fine-tuning. In this paper, we provide empirical results on the impact of validating these synthetic training examples with surrogate objectives that evaluate the accuracy of the synthetic annotations. We demonstrate that validation improves performance over raw data across four models (2 open and 2 closed weight). Interestingly, we show that although validation tends to prune more challenging examples, it increases the complexity of problems that models can solve after being fine-tuned on validated data.
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Co-authors
- José Cambronero 1
- Sumit Gulwani 1
- Anirudh Khatry 1
- Vu Le 1
- Usneek Singh 1
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