@inproceedings{dorr-olsen-2018-lexical,
    title = "Lexical Conceptual Structure of Literal and Metaphorical Spatial Language: A Case Study of ``Push''",
    author = "Dorr, Bonnie  and
      Olsen, Mari",
    editor = "Kordjamshidi, Parisa  and
      Bhatia, Archna  and
      Pustejovsky, James  and
      Moens, Marie-Francine",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Spatial Language Understanding",
    month = jun,
    year = "2018",
    address = "New Orleans",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/W18-1404/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/W18-1404",
    pages = "31--40",
    abstract = "Prior methodologies for understanding spatial language have treated literal expressions such as ``Mary pushed the car over the edge'' differently from metaphorical extensions such as ``Mary{'}s job pushed her over the edge''. We demonstrate a methodology for standardizing literal and metaphorical meanings, by building on work in Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS), a general-purpose representational component used in machine translation. We argue that spatial predicates naturally extend into other fields (e.g., circumstantial or temporal), and that LCS provides both a framework for distinguishing spatial from non-spatial, and a system for finding metaphorical meaning extensions. We start with MetaNet (MN), a large repository of conceptual metaphors, condensing 197 spatial entries into sixteen top-level categories of motion frames. Using naturally occurring instances of English push , and expansions of MN frames, we demonstrate that literal and metaphorical extensions exhibit patterns predicted and represented by the LCS model."
}