@inproceedings{pramanick-etal-2018-lstm,
    title = "An {LSTM}-{CRF} Based Approach to Token-Level Metaphor Detection",
    author = "Pramanick, Malay  and
      Gupta, Ashim  and
      Mitra, Pabitra",
    editor = "Beigman Klebanov, Beata  and
      Shutova, Ekaterina  and
      Lichtenstein, Patricia  and
      Muresan, Smaranda  and
      Wee, Chee",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Figurative Language Processing",
    month = jun,
    year = "2018",
    address = "New Orleans, Louisiana",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/W18-0908/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/W18-0908",
    pages = "67--75",
    abstract = "Automatic processing of figurative languages is gaining popularity in NLP community for their ubiquitous nature and increasing volume. In this era of web 2.0, automatic analysis of sarcasm and metaphors is important for their extensive usage. Metaphors are a part of figurative language that compares different concepts, often on a cognitive level. Many approaches have been proposed for automatic detection of metaphors, even using sequential models or neural networks. In this paper, we propose a method for detection of metaphors at the token level using a hybrid model of Bidirectional-LSTM and CRF. We used fewer features, as compared to the previous state-of-the-art sequential model. On experimentation with VUAMC, our method obtained an F-score of 0.674."
}