@inproceedings{recasens-etal-2010-typology,
    title = "A Typology of Near-Identity Relations for Coreference ({NIDENT})",
    author = "Recasens, Marta  and
      Hovy, Eduard  and
      Mart{\'i}, M. Ant{\`o}nia",
    editor = "Calzolari, Nicoletta  and
      Choukri, Khalid  and
      Maegaard, Bente  and
      Mariani, Joseph  and
      Odijk, Jan  and
      Piperidis, Stelios  and
      Rosner, Mike  and
      Tapias, Daniel",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}'10)",
    month = may,
    year = "2010",
    address = "Valletta, Malta",
    publisher = "European Language Resources Association (ELRA)",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/L10-1103/",
    abstract = "The task of coreference resolution requires people or systems to decide when two referring expressions refer to the `same' entity or event. In real text, this is often a difficult decision because identity is never adequately defined, leading to contradictory treatment of cases in previous work. This paper introduces the concept of `near-identity', a middle ground category between identity and non-identity, to handle such cases systematically. We present a typology of Near-Identity Relations (NIDENT) that includes fifteen types{\textemdash}grouped under four main families{\textemdash}that capture a wide range of ways in which (near-)coreference relations hold between discourse entities. We validate the theoretical model by annotating a small sample of real data and showing that inter-annotator agreement is high enough for stability (K=0.58, and up to K=0.65 and K=0.84 when leaving out one and two outliers, respectively). This work enables subsequent creation of the first internally consistent language resource of this type through larger annotation efforts."
}