Fine-Tuning Cross-Lingual LLMs for POS Tagging in Code-Switched Contexts

Shayaan Absar


Abstract
Code-switching (CS) involves speakers switching between two (or potentially more) languages during conversation and is a common phenomenon in bilingual communities. The majority of NLP research has been devoted to mono-lingual language modelling. Consequentially, most models perform poorly on code-switched data. This paper investigates the effectiveness of Cross-Lingual Large Language Models on the task of POS (Part-of-Speech) tagging in code-switched contexts, once they have undergone a fine-tuning process. The models are trained on code-switched combinations of Indian languages and English. This paper also seeks to investigate whether fine-tuned models are able to generalise and POS tag code-switched combinations that were not a part of the fine-tuning dataset. Additionally, this paper presents a new metric, the S-index (Switching-Index), for measuring the level of code-switching within an utterance.
Anthology ID:
2025.resourceful-1.2
Volume:
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2025)
Month:
March
Year:
2025
Address:
Tallinn, Estonia
Editors:
Špela Arhar Holdt, Nikolai Ilinykh, Barbara Scalvini, Micaella Bruton, Iben Nyholm Debess, Crina Madalina Tudor
Venues:
RESOURCEFUL | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
University of Tartu Library, Estonia
Note:
Pages:
7–12
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.resourceful-1.2/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Shayaan Absar. 2025. Fine-Tuning Cross-Lingual LLMs for POS Tagging in Code-Switched Contexts. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2025), pages 7–12, Tallinn, Estonia. University of Tartu Library, Estonia.
Cite (Informal):
Fine-Tuning Cross-Lingual LLMs for POS Tagging in Code-Switched Contexts (Absar, RESOURCEFUL 2025)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.resourceful-1.2.pdf