Computational Discovery of Chiasmus in Ancient Religious Text

Hope McGovern, Hale Sirin, Tom Lippincott


Abstract
Chiasmus, a debated literary device in Biblical texts, has captivated mystics while sparking ongoing scholarly discussion. In this paper, we introduce the first computational approach to systematically detect chiasmus within Biblical passages. Our method leverages neural embeddings to capture lexical and semantic patterns associated with chiasmus, applied at multiple levels of textual granularity (half-verses, verses). We also involve expert annotators to review a subset of the detected patterns. Despite its computational efficiency, our method achieves robust results, with high inter-annotator agreement and system accuracy of 0.80 at the verse level and 0.60 at the half-verse level. We further provide a qualitative analysis of the distribution of detected chiasmi, along with selected examples that highlight the effectiveness of our approach.
Anthology ID:
2025.naacl-short.13
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 2: Short Papers)
Month:
April
Year:
2025
Address:
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Editors:
Luis Chiruzzo, Alan Ritter, Lu Wang
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
154–160
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-short.13/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Hope McGovern, Hale Sirin, and Tom Lippincott. 2025. Computational Discovery of Chiasmus in Ancient Religious Text. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 2: Short Papers), pages 154–160, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Computational Discovery of Chiasmus in Ancient Religious Text (McGovern et al., NAACL 2025)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-short.13.pdf