@inproceedings{mamooler-etal-2025-picle,
    title = "{PICL}e: Pseudo-annotations for In-Context Learning in Low-Resource Named Entity Detection",
    author = "Mamooler, Sepideh  and
      Montariol, Syrielle  and
      Mathis, Alexander  and
      Bosselut, Antoine",
    editor = "Chiruzzo, Luis  and
      Ritter, Alan  and
      Wang, Lu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = apr,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-long.518/",
    pages = "10314--10331",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-189-6",
    abstract = "In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform tasks using few demonstrations, facilitating task adaptation when labeled examples are hard to come by. However, ICL is sensitive to the choice of demonstrations, and it remains unclear which demonstration attributes enable in-context generalization. In this work, we conduct a perturbation study of in-context demonstrations for low-resource Named Entity Detection (NED). Our surprising finding is that in-context demonstrations with partially-correct annotated entity mentions can be as effective for task transfer as fully correct demonstrations. Based off our findings, we propose Pseudo-annotated In-Context Learning (PICLe), a framework for in-context learning with noisy, pseudo-annotated demonstrations. PICLe leverages LLMs to annotate large quantities of demonstrations in a zero-shot first pass. We then cluster these synthetic demonstrations, sample specific sets of in-context demonstrations from each cluster, and predict entity mentions using each set independently. Finally, we use self-verification to select the final set of entity mentions. We extensively evaluate PICLe on five biomedical NED datasets and show that, with zero human-annotation, PICLe outperforms ICL in low-resource settings where few gold examples can be used as in-context demonstrations."
}