TRANSIENTTABLES: Evaluating LLMs’ Reasoning on Temporally Evolving Semi-structured Tables

Abhilash Shankarampeta, Harsh Mahajan, Tushar Kataria, Dan Roth, Vivek Gupta


Abstract
Humans continuously make new discoveries, and understanding temporal sequence of events leading to these breakthroughs is essential for advancing science and society. This ability to reason over time allows us to identify future steps and understand the effects of financial and political decisions on our lives. However, large language models (LLMs) are typically trained on static datasets, limiting their ability to perform effective temporal reasoning. To assess the temporal reasoning capabilities of LLMs, we present the TRANSIENTTABLES dataset, which comprises 3,971 questions derived from over 14,000 tables, spanning 1,238 entities across multiple time periods. We introduce a template-based question-generation pipeline that harnesses LLMs to refine both templates and questions. Additionally, we establish baseline results using state-of-the-art LLMs to create a benchmark. We also introduce novel modeling strategies centered around task decomposition, enhancing LLM performance.
Anthology ID:
2025.naacl-long.332
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
Month:
April
Year:
2025
Address:
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Editors:
Luis Chiruzzo, Alan Ritter, Lu Wang
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
6526–6544
Language:
URL:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-long.332/
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Abhilash Shankarampeta, Harsh Mahajan, Tushar Kataria, Dan Roth, and Vivek Gupta. 2025. TRANSIENTTABLES: Evaluating LLMs’ Reasoning on Temporally Evolving Semi-structured Tables. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 6526–6544, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
TRANSIENTTABLES: Evaluating LLMs’ Reasoning on Temporally Evolving Semi-structured Tables (Shankarampeta et al., NAACL 2025)
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PDF:
https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-long.332.pdf