@inproceedings{jiang-etal-2025-towards,
    title = "Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Survey",
    author = "Jiang, Bowen  and
      Xie, Yangxinyu  and
      Wang, Xiaomeng  and
      Yuan, Yuan  and
      Hao, Zhuoqun  and
      Bai, Xinyi  and
      Su, Weijie J  and
      Taylor, Camillo Jose  and
      Mallick, Tanwi",
    editor = "Chiruzzo, Luis  and
      Ritter, Alan  and
      Wang, Lu",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = apr,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2025.naacl-long.186/",
    pages = "3656--3675",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-189-6",
    abstract = "This work discusses how to build more rational language and multimodal agents and what criteria define rationality in intelligent systems.Rationality is the quality of being guided by reason, characterized by decision-making that aligns with evidence and logical principles. It plays a crucial role in reliable problem-solving by ensuring well-grounded and consistent solutions. Despite their progress, large language models (LLMs) often fall short of rationality due to their bounded knowledge space and inconsistent outputs. In response, recent efforts have shifted toward developing multimodal and multi-agent systems, as well as integrating modules like external tools, programming codes, symbolic reasoners, utility function, and conformal risk controls rather than relying solely on a single LLM for decision-making. This paper surveys state-of-the-art advancements in language and multimodal agents, assesses their role in enhancing rationality, and outlines open challenges and future research directions. We maintain an open repository at https://github.com/bowen-upenn/Agent{\_}Rationality."
}