@inproceedings{oboyle-doyle-2023-just,
    title = "Not Just Iconic: Emoji Interpretation is Shaped by Use",
    author = "O{'}Boyle, Brianna  and
      Doyle, Gabriel",
    editor = "Barnes, Jeremy  and
      De Clercq, Orph{\'e}e  and
      Klinger, Roman",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment, {\&} Social Media Analysis",
    month = jul,
    year = "2023",
    address = "Toronto, Canada",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2023.wassa-1.39/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.wassa-1.39",
    pages = "452--457",
    abstract = "Where do the meaning of emoji come from? Though it is generally assumed that emoji are fully iconic, with meanings derived from their visual forms, we argue that this is only one component of their meaning. We surveyed users and non-users of the Chinese social media platform WeChat for their interpretations of emoji specific to WeChat. We find that some emoji show significant differences in their interpretations between users and non-users, and based on how familiar a person is with the specific emoji. We argue that this reflects a more complex process for building the meaning of emoji on a platform than pure iconicity."
}