@inproceedings{charniak-etal-2003-syntax,
    title = "Syntax-based language models for statistical machine translation",
    author = "Charniak, Eugene  and
      Knight, Kevin  and
      Yamada, Kenji",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit IX: Papers",
    month = sep # " 23-27",
    year = "2003",
    address = "New Orleans, USA",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/2003.mtsummit-papers.6/",
    abstract = "We present a syntax-based language model for use in noisy-channel machine translation. In particular, a language model based upon that described in (Cha01) is combined with the syntax based translation-model described in (YK01). The resulting system was used to translate 347 sentences from Chinese to English and compared with the results of an IBM-model-4-based system, as well as that of (YK02), all trained on the same data. The translations were sorted into four groups: good/bad syntax crossed with good/bad meaning. While the total number of translations that preserved meaning were the same for (YK02) and the syntax-based system (and both higher than the IBM-model-4-based system), the syntax based system had 45{\%} more translations that also had good syntax than did (YK02) (and approximately 70{\%} more than IBM Model 4). The number of translations that did not preserve meaning, but at least had good grammar, also increased, though to less avail."
}